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The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) this week announced a new product proposal for government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) Freddie Mac that would allow the agency to purchase certain single-family, closed-end second mortgages.
This would offer borrowers an alternative way to access their home equity without surrendering a first mortgage with a more favorable interest rate than is currently available.
The proposal, published in the Federal Register, recognizes that existing borrowers “face limited options” if they seek to access equity on their primary residence, particularly if they have a mortgage rate from a loan originated during the low-rate environment of the COVID-19 pandemic.
“[A] traditional cash-out refinance today may pose a significant financial burden, as it requires a refinancing of the entire outstanding loan balance at a new, and likely much higher, interest rate,” FHFA said in its proposal. “Homeowners may also use second mortgages to access the equity in their homes, [where] only the smaller, second mortgage would be subject to the current market rate, as the original terms of the first mortgage would remain intact.”
Second mortgages are also typically offered at a lower interest rate than certain alternative products like personal loans, so Freddie Mac’s proposal is to purchase “certain closed-end second mortgage loans from primary market lenders” that are already approved to sell mortgages to Freddie Mac, the proposal states.
“In a closed-end second mortgage loan, the borrower’s funds are fully disbursed when the loan closes, the borrower repays over a set time schedule, and the mortgage is recorded in a junior lien position in the land records,” FHFA stated. “Freddie Mac has indicated that the primary goal of this proposed new product is to provide borrowers a lower cost alternative to a cash-out refinance in higher interest rate environments.”
FHFA Director Sandra Thompson explained that such options are needed in the current mortgage rate environment.
“The proposed activity is intended to provide homeowners with a cost-effective alternative for accessing the equity in their homes,” Thompson said in an announcement of the proposal. “Reviewing and considering comments from the public will be a critical component of our review as the agency exercises its statutory responsibility to evaluate new enterprise products.”
This is specifically designed to benefit consumers during the high rate environment, the agency said.
“In the current mortgage interest rate environment, a closed-end second mortgage may provide a more affordable option to homeowners than obtaining a new cash-out refinance or leveraging other consumer debt products,” the proposal explained. “A significant portion of borrowers have low interest rate first mortgages, and the proposal would allow those homeowners to retain this beneficial interest rate on the first mortgage and avoid resetting to a higher rate through a cash-out refinance.”
The Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA) of 2008, requires the GSEs to provide advance notice to FHFA of any potential actions or products they aim to pursue. This notice demonstrates that FHFA is fulfilling its mandate and seeks public comments on the proposal.
The comment period lasts 30 days from the publication of the proposal in the Federal Register, making May 16, 2024, the end of the comment period. Interested parties can submit comments to the agency on its website or via email.
Related
Source: housingwire.com
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Today’s mortgage rates
Average mortgage rates edged higher yesterday. It was a modest increase by any standards but tiny by comparison with Wednesday’s big jump.
First thing, it was looking as if mortgage rates today could fall. But that could change later in the day.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Our table is having technical problems. But we’re working hard to fix them.
Program | Mortgage Rate | APR* | Change |
---|---|---|---|
30-year fixed VA | 7.222% | 7.262% | +0.05 |
Conventional 20-year fixed | 7.007% | 7.058% | +0.07 |
Conventional 10-year fixed | 6.51% | 6.584% | +0.09 |
Conventional 30-year fixed | 7.127% | 7.173% | +0.07 |
30-year fixed FHA | 7.056% | 7.1% | +0.09 |
Conventional 15-year fixed | 6.64% | 6.713% | +0.1 |
5/1 ARM Conventional | 6.785% | 7.888% | +0.08 |
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here. |
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Markets have turned gloomy over the prospects of the Federal Reserve cutting general interest rates over the next few months. And that’s been pushing mortgage rates higher.
So, for now, my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
- LOCK if closing in 7 days
- LOCK if closing in 15 days
- LOCK if closing in 30 days
- LOCK if closing in 45 days
- LOCK if closing in 60 days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
- The yield on 10-year Treasury notes fell to 4.50% from 4.55%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
- Major stock indexes were falling this morning. (Good for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
- Oil prices increased to $87.42 from $85.57 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
- Gold prices climbed to $2,414 from $2,361 an ounce. (Good for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
- CNN Business Fear & Greed index — fell to 51 from 54 out of 100. (Good for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to decrease. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Today
Two economic reports are scheduled for this morning.
The March import price index (IPI) landed at 8:30 a.m. Eastern. And that would normally be bad for mortgage rates. Markets had been expecting it to hold steady at 0.3% and it came in at 0.4%.
So, how come mortgage rates were falling first thing? Well, it’s too early to be sure. But those rates often move in the opposite direction after a sharp movement one way or the other. That’s simply markets reflecting on the change and deciding they over-reacted.
This morning’s other report isn’t due until 10 a.m. Eastern. And that means I won’t have time before my deadline to assess its likely impact on markets. They were expecting the preliminary consumer sentiment index for April to improve slightly to 79.9% from 79.4%.
A lower figure may help mortgage rates to fall while a higher one could push them upward. But this is one of those reports that rarely move those rates far unless they contain shockingly good or bad data.
Mortgage rates might also be affected by earnings reports later from three of the biggest U.S. banks, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo and Citigroup. If they all tell a really positive story, stock market reactions could spill over into the bond market that largely determines mortgage rates.
Next week
We’ve had April’s two most important reports over the last six days. And, taken together, they were pretty bad for mortgage rates.
Next week’s reports aren’t typically as influential by a long way. But a couple of them (retail sales and industrial production) could move mortgage rates higher if they feed markets’ current pessimism over Fed rate cuts — or push them downward if they contradict it.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Apr. 11 report put that same weekly average at 6.88%, up from the previous week’s 6.82%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Mar. 19 and the MBA’s on Mar. 22.
Forecaster | Q1/24 | Q2/24 | Q3/24 | Q4/24 |
Fannie Mae | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.6% | 6.4% |
MBA | 6.8% | 6.6% | 6.3% | 6.1% |
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
- Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
- Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
- Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
- When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
- Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
- Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
- Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
- Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
- Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
- Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
- Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
- Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
- Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
- Interest rate
- Annual percentage rate (APR)
- Monthly mortgage payment
- Loan origination fees
- Rate lock fees
- Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
- Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
- FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down
payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment) - VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
- USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
- Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3%
and 5% - FHA loans require 3.5% down
- VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
- Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
Source: themortgagereports.com
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Because of certain persistent reputational challenges faced by the reverse mortgage industry, it can be challenging for borrowers to find objective informational sources about the product category.
That’s what drove a listener of the podcast “The Indicator from Planet Money,” a production of National Public Radio (NPR), to ask hosts Wailin Wong and Darian Woods about the product during a recent episode.
“I was wondering if you guys could explain reverse mortgages,” the listener asked the group. “I’m trying to understand all things housing with the market being so crazy these days.”
Wong and Woods introduced the segment by talking about notable reverse mortgage ad spokesmen like Tom Selleck and Henry Winkler, before offering an overview of the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) product backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
“[A] reverse mortgage is a loan where you can borrow money against the value of your house,” Woods explained. “So, the house’s title is still in your name, but you’re receiving payments while you start to owe more and more to the lender.”
Woods went on to explain the factors that determine the loan’s proceeds, including interest rates, the home’s value and age of the primary borrower.
“But theoretically, a borrower could get anything from a few hundred dollars to a few thousand tax-free dollars a month while also not needing to pay their mortgage,” he said.
The pair then discussed the perceptions of the products, with Wong asking if it was “too good to be true.” Woods said that such a loan isn’t “free money,” but added that it could be a viable solution for the right borrower.
“It is definitely appealing to folks who are strapped for cash day to day, but their home is maybe the only big asset that they have. But we should mention reverse mortgages don’t have the best reputation,” he said.
The show then played audio from a segment on “The Daily Show” that aired last year, which took a flippant look at reverse mortgages without an abundance of factual rigor, saying that most reverse mortgages end “with you losing your house, or dying and losing your house, or dying and losing your house and saddling your kids with debt.”
Woods, however, was quick to specify the context.
“This is a bit of an exaggeration for comedic effect,” he said. “Debt doesn’t go across generations, but it is up to whoever managed the estate to figure out how to pay this debt back. And usually, it’s by selling the house.”
The pair then asked Cora Hume with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to weigh in. Hume said that reverse mortgages can be expensive compared to other home equity-tapping tools.
“A lot of older adults are very surprised about how quickly the amount they owe grows and how quickly their equity that they have in their home decreases,” Hume said on the show.
Woods also cited a 2023 CFPB report that said a majority of reverse mortgage direct-mail advertising is sent to “more financially vulnerable consumers, those of low or moderate income.”
Woods ended the segment by reiterating that reverse mortgages can work for people in the right situation, with Wong adding “people should do their homework” and “read the fine print.”
Related
Source: housingwire.com
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If you’re ready to shop for a new home, a mortgage preapproval letter shows sellers that you’re a serious buyer who can secure financing from a lender. It also gives you a clear idea of how much you may be eligible to borrow.
To show lenders that you’re a qualified borrower, you’ll need personal identification, pay stubs, bank account statements, a list of your monthly debts, tax returns, W-2 statements and information about your down payment. You’ll also need to submit to a credit check. Most lenders require a credit score of at least 620 for a conventional mortgage, but a higher score will increase your chances of getting preapproved and can lead to lower rate offers.
The lender may also verify your history of making your rent or mortgage payments on time. Depending on whether the lender has additional questions and how much of its preapproval process is automated, accepted borrowers can expect to receive a preapproval letter anywhere from a few hours to a few days after applying.
Even if you have all of the required documentation and a qualifying credit score, don’t take the application process for granted. Lenders will be scrutinizing your financial readiness. Avoiding potential pitfalls will help keep your homebuying goal on track.
Don’t take on any new debts or lines of credit
Lenders want to see that your finances are stable, including your obligations to creditors. Avoid making large purchases on credit or opening additional credit lines, including new credit cards.
“Making large purchases, such as buying a car or expensive furniture on credit, can significantly impact your debt-to-income ratio” says Matt Vernon, head of consumer lending at Bank of America in Charlotte, North Carolina. “By taking on more debt before obtaining preapproval, you could potentially exceed the debt-to-income ratio threshold that lenders are comfortable with, making it harder to qualify for the mortgage amount you need or to obtain favorable terms.”
Don’t create job or income instability
“Lenders prefer borrowers with stable employment and income histories because they view them as less risky,” says Vernon. He adds that changing jobs or having irregular streams of income can alarm lenders and jeopardize your application, even if your income is higher as a result.
If your income fluctuates or is unpredictable — for instance, if you’re in a commission-based role or self-employed — you will also need to demonstrate that your earnings are consistent enough to make your monthly mortgage payment, says Steve Kaminski, head of U.S. residential lending at TD Bank, also based in Charlotte.
Don’t make large deposits without documentation
“Large, unexplained deposits might raise questions about the source of funds or suggest undisclosed debts, which could impact the borrower’s ability to repay the mortgage,” says Vernon. If you’ve received money from a family member toward a down payment, be prepared to provide the lender with a signed letter from your relative that confirms the funds are not a loan. The lender may also ask for additional documentation, such as withdrawal and deposit slips.
Don’t rush the process
Even if you’re eager to shop for homes, it’s imperative to take your time with your mortgage preapproval application. “If anything’s off or missing, it could slow down or even hurt your preapproval process. Take a little extra time to double-check everything to avoid any delays,” Vernon says.
It’s worth your while to look at multiple lenders. Comparing quotes could get you the lowest rate and save you thousands in interest. Researching and narrowing your lender options during preapproval will help you act quickly once you’ve found a home and are ready to move forward with a mortgage application.
Kaminski says, “There is a lot to consider, and it can be overwhelming when combined with the emotion of home shopping and potential stress of low housing inventory and competitive offers.”
While you can’t control the market, you can present the strongest possible personal financial profile. In addition to providing the right information at the right time, you want to avoid any moves that could damage lenders’ perception of your ability to make loan payments. By getting preapproved, you’ll have successfully completed an important step in your homebuying journey.
Source: nerdwallet.com
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The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
American spending habits fluctuate by generation. In 2023, Gen Z spent most of their money on food and clothes while baby boomers prioritized healthcare.
American spending habits fluctuate based on factors like the economy, average cost of living and global events. Interestingly, spending trends don’t always move in predictable patterns—NPR reported elevated spending in 2023 despite rising inflation costs.
Here, we’ll review American spending habits to paint a clearer picture of our potential expenses in the near future. We’ll also share personal finance resources that can help you refine your budget and reach your savings goals.
Table of contents:
Overview of American spending habits
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Americans spent an average of $72,967 in 2022. This number suggests a 9 percent increase in American spending habits from 2021 (wherein the average annual expenditure was $66,400) to 2022. How much we spend makes a lot more sense when we break down what exactly our money is going toward.
What do Americans spend the most money on?
Expenditure | Cost |
Housing | $24,298 |
Transportation | $12,295 |
Food | $9,343 |
Personal Insurance and Pensions | $8,742 |
Healthcare | $5,850 |
Entertainment | $3,458 |
All Other Expenditures | $2,080 |
Cash Contributions | $2,755 |
Apparel and Services | $1,945 |
Education | $1,335 |
Personal Care Products and Services | $866 |
In 2022, the BLS noted a 7.5 percent increase in income to coincide with a 9 percent increase in expenditures. Among the different categories, spending on food increased by 12.7 percent from 2021 to 2022. Vehicle purchases and entertainment expenses dropped by 6.9 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively.
These numbers fluctuate depending on the circumstances of a particular household. For example, the BLS found that 39.4 percent of a one-person household’s expenses go toward housing costs, while 32.1 percent of a two-person household’s funds are spent on housing.
To better understand American spending habits, we can examine the average expenditures of various groups based on factors such as age and education.
Teen spending habits
According to the United States Census Bureau, more than 43 million teenagers live in America. Gaining a better understanding of teen spending habits is important, as teens spend about $63 billion each year.
More than 50 percent of young adults (16 to 24) were employed in 2023. Some of the top brands that teens spend their new income on include Chick-fil-A, Netflix and Snapchat. In 2024, the BLS anticipates that more teenagers will prioritize school attendance over traditional means of employment—which could affect where and how often they’re spending money.
College student spending habits
College student spending habits fluctuate as changes to the American education system become more widespread. Four years in college is no longer the norm—many students take anywhere between an extra semester to a few extra years to graduate. This extra time incurs additional costs (like tuition and rent) that impact spending habits.
In addition to money spent on tuition, college students are purchasing new tech, tickets to festivals and events and lots of food. Older students with more life experience also have to balance school expenses with other mandatory purchases like groceries for the household.
Gen Z spending habits
Generation Z includes anyone born between 1997 and 2012. Gen Z spending habits reportedly differ even more than their older millennial counterparts. This generation grew up completely immersed in the digital era and is very likely to shop online.
A 2021 study by Elmira Djafarova and Tamar Bowes found that 41 percent of Gen Zers are impulse buyers. Quality and value are of the utmost importance to this generation. They may be quick to switch brands if they believe they’re getting better overall value from a different company.
Millennial spending habits
Millennials are generally defined as the generation born between 1981 and 1996. This group is known for making financial decisions that are strikingly different from those that came before them.
Millennial spending habits include increased online shopping, a preference for experiences over material things and an openness to generic brands if the choice saves money.
Baby boomer spending habits
Baby boomers are those born between 1946 and 1964. This group is filled with people who are close to or already in their retirement years. In contrast to their parents, who were born in the Great Depression, boomers expect to have a fun retirement.
They’re looking forward to experiencing new places and trying new things. However, many baby boomers are facing retirement issues due to a lack of savings and mounting debt. Despite it all, baby boomer spending habits indicate that this generation holds more than 50 percent of the wealth in the United States.
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American spending habits can fluctuate based on a person’s background, but credit scores impact all of us in many ways. At Lexington Law Firm, we can help you understand the nuances of credit. Get your free credit snapshot now to see your credit score and get a free credit assessment to help you get started.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Source: lexingtonlaw.com
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The median annual salary for pediatricians is $198,420, according to the most recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. There are many different paths a doctor can take when it comes to choosing their medical specialty. Doctors who enjoy helping children feel their best and live healthy lives will likely find a lot of fulfillment in their jobs.
To learn more about how much a pediatrician makes a year, keep reading.
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What Are Pediatricians?
A pediatrician is a type of doctor who provides medical care to children ranging from infancy to adolescence. They specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries, developmental issues, and illnesses children commonly experience. From routine exams to issuing vaccines to providing medicine to sick children, pediatricians can help.
The path to becoming a pediatrician can be a long and expensive one. Typically, that means college, medical school, a residency, and possibly a fellowship. Medical school can easily cost $250,000 in tuition. It’s wise to consider this investment when pursuing a career as a pediatrician. Many doctors have a high amount of medical school debt when starting out.
Also, keep in mind that being a pediatrician involves interacting with children and their families all day. This may not therefore be the best job for introverts.
💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.
How Much Do Starting Pediatricians Make a Year?
While pediatricians can eventually earn very competitive salaries, like any job, they tend to earn less when they are entry-level. The lowest 10% of earners in this role make just $75,670, which is significantly lower than the median annual salary for all physicians of $198,420.
What is the Average Salary for a Pediatrician?
On average, a pediatrician can make a salary that is considerably higher than the American average for all jobs. Where a pediatrician chooses to work can greatly impact how much a pediatrician earns. This is a quick glance at the annual mean wage for a variety of workplaces where a pediatrician may be employed:
• Offices of physicians: $203,690
• General medical and surgical hospitals: $180,790
• Outpatient care centers: $232,420
• Colleges, universities, and professional schools: $84,810
• Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals: $201,100.
Another factor that also affects pediatrician earning potential is the state the doctor works in. This table below highlights how average pediatrician salaries vary by state, with typical pay arranged from highest to lowest by location.
In addition, it shares how much a pediatrician’s hourly pay vs, salary is.
What is the Average Pediatrician Salary by State for 2023
State | Annual Salary | Monthly Pay | Weekly Pay | Hourly Wage |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oregon | $222,171 | $18,514 | $4,272 | $106.81 |
Alaska | $221,079 | $18,423 | $4,251 | $106.29 |
North Dakota | $221,044 | $18,420 | $4,250 | $106.27 |
Massachusetts | $218,405 | $18,200 | $4,200 | $105.00 |
Hawaii | $216,375 | $18,031 | $4,161 | $104.03 |
Washington | $211,404 | $17,617 | $4,065 | $101.64 |
Nevada | $209,030 | $17,419 | $4,019 | $100.50 |
South Dakota | $208,910 | $17,409 | $4,017 | $100.44 |
Colorado | $206,290 | $17,190 | $3,967 | $99.18 |
Rhode Island | $205,782 | $17,148 | $3,957 | $98.93 |
New York | $196,083 | $16,340 | $3,770 | $94.27 |
Delaware | $193,921 | $16,160 | $3,729 | $93.23 |
Vermont | $191,477 | $15,956 | $3,682 | $92.06 |
Virginia | $191,115 | $15,926 | $3,675 | $91.88 |
Illinois | $191,057 | $15,921 | $3,674 | $91.85 |
Maryland | $187,806 | $15,650 | $3,611 | $90.29 |
Nebraska | $183,797 | $15,316 | $3,534 | $88.36 |
Missouri | $182,659 | $15,221 | $3,512 | $87.82 |
California | $182,152 | $15,179 | $3,502 | $87.57 |
South Carolina | $181,082 | $15,090 | $3,482 | $87.06 |
Pennsylvania | $179,627 | $14,968 | $3,454 | $86.36 |
New Jersey | $179,258 | $14,938 | $3,447 | $86.18 |
Oklahoma | $177,994 | $14,832 | $3,422 | $85.57 |
Maine | $177,900 | $14,825 | $3,421 | $85.53 |
Wisconsin | $177,526 | $14,793 | $3,413 | $85.35 |
North Carolina | $177,345 | $14,778 | $3,410 | $85.26 |
New Hampshire | $174,681 | $14,556 | $3,359 | $83.98 |
Idaho | $174,250 | $14,520 | $3,350 | $83.77 |
Texas | $173,077 | $14,423 | $3,328 | $83.21 |
Kentucky | $172,518 | $14,376 | $3,317 | $82.94 |
Wyoming | $171,910 | $14,325 | $3,305 | $82.65 |
Minnesota | $171,467 | $14,288 | $3,297 | $82.44 |
Michigan | $170,777 | $14,231 | $3,284 | $82.10 |
New Mexico | $170,501 | $14,208 | $3,278 | $81.97 |
Indiana | $169,638 | $14,136 | $3,262 | $81.56 |
Ohio | $166,670 | $13,889 | $3,205 | $80.13 |
Arizona | $166,130 | $13,844 | $3,194 | $79.87 |
Connecticut | $165,286 | $13,773 | $3,178 | $79.46 |
Mississippi | $164,126 | $13,677 | $3,156 | $78.91 |
Iowa | $163,921 | $13,660 | $3,152 | $78.81 |
Montana | $163,627 | $13,635 | $3,146 | $78.67 |
Arkansas | $163,030 | $13,585 | $3,135 | $78.38 |
Alabama | $161,584 | $13,465 | $3,107 | $77.68 |
Utah | $159,236 | $13,269 | $3,062 | $76.56 |
Tennessee | $159,121 | $13,260 | $3,060 | $76.50 |
Kansas | $154,538 | $12,878 | $2,971 | $74.30 |
Georgia | $150,529 | $12,544 | $2,894 | $72.37 |
Louisiana | $149,706 | $12,475 | $2,878 | $71.97 |
West Virginia | $138,728 | $11,560 | $2,667 | $66.70 |
Florida | $133,219 | $11,101 | $2,561 | $64.05 |
Source: ZipRecruiter
Pediatrician Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits
Alongside earning a $100,000 salary or more, most pediatricians also receive superior employee benefits. If a pediatrician runs their own practice, they will need to supply themselves and their employees with these benefits.
Those who are employed by employers like hospitals or medical groups can expect to gain access to benefits like paid time off, health insurance, and retirement accounts. They may also have unique benefits like continuing education allowances and malpractice insurance coverage.
💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.
Pros and Cons of Pediatrician Salary
The main advantage associated with competitive pay for pediatricians is that they are quite high. With a median salary of $198,420, pediatricians are greatly rewarded for their hard work.
However, they must pursue many years of higher education to earn that salary. Many young doctors struggle under the weight of their student loan payments. So, while this salary may seem high at first glance, much of it can go towards student loan debt initially.
It’s also worthwhile to consider work-life balance. Being a pediatrician and improving the health of children can be a very rewarding career, but it can also involve long, tiring hours and being on call for patients on nights and weekends. Medical problems and emergencies crop up all the time, so this is a factor to acknowledge.
Recommended: How Much House Can I Afford?
The Takeaway
Pediatricians can earn very high pay while making a big difference in the lives of their patients and their families. They do have to commit to many years of schooling and education to become a pediatrician, but once they do, they can earn a great living.
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FAQ
Can you make 100k a year as a pediatrician?
Most pediatricians make $100,000 a year or more, especially after gaining a few years of work experience. The median annual salary for a pediatrician is $198,420.
Do people like being a pediatrician?
Pursuing a career in pediatric medicine is a major commitment and those who are passionate about this field and patient care are likely to really enjoy their work. However, this role requires many hours of patient interaction a day, so even if someone finds the work fascinating, it won’t be a good fit for them if they are antisocial.
Is it hard to get hired as a pediatrician?
The main challenge in getting hired as a pediatrician surrounds not having the right credentials. Potential pediatricians must pursue medical school and any required medical licenses in order to find a job in this field, which is no easy feat.
Photo credit: iStock/alvarez
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
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Source: sofi.com
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The median annual pay for a sonographer is $78,210 annually for the most recent year studied, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Working as a sonographer is a great way to enter the medical field without having to pursue an expensive advanced degree. Typically, only an associate’s degree is needed to work as a sonographer, which can be obtained quickly and affordably.
Read on to learn more about how much a sonographer can earn and what it’s like to work as this kind of professional.
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What Are Sonographers?
A sonographer — also known as a diagnostic medical sonographer — uses sonography technology and tools to create images typically known as ultrasounds or sonograms. These images can give us a detailed look at organs and tissues within the body or of embryos and fetuses. There are many different types of sonographers who specialize in distinct areas of medicine, such as:
• Abdominal sonographers
• Breast sonographers
• Cardiac sonographers (echocardiographers)
• Musculoskeletal sonographers
• Pediatric sonographers
• Obstetric and gynecologic sonographers
• Vascular technologists (vascular sonographers).
As briefly mentioned above, training for this career usually doesn’t involve medical school and its cost. Instead, diagnostic medical sonographers may obtain a bachelor’s degree, an associate’s degree, or perhaps a vocational school degree or hospital training program certificate. Some may be trained in the Armed Forces.
It’s also worth noting that working as a sonographer will likely involve a high degree of patient interaction. For this reason, it may not be a good job for introverts.
💡 Quick Tip: Online tools make tracking your spending a breeze: You can easily set up budgets, then get instant updates on your progress, spot upcoming bills, analyze your spending habits, and more.
How Much Do Starting Sonographers Make a Year?
Entry-level sonographers should expect their salary to be on the lower side until they gain more experience. The lowest 10% of earners make less than $61,430 per year.
However, the top 10% of earners working as sonographers make more than $107,730, meaning this is a career path that can lead to a job that pays $100,000 a year.
In addition to experience level, other aspects that can lead to competitive pay is your geographical location (big city vs. rural community) and whether the employer is a major hospital network, say, or a small, independent medical office.
Recommended: What Trade Earns the Most Money?
What is the Average Salary for a Sonographer?
Those who work full-time as a sonographer can expect to earn a median annual salary of $78,210. However, some sonographers choose to work part-time and are paid by the hour. In terms of how much a sonographer makes an hour, the median hourly pay for sonography work is $37.60 per hour.
Many factors can influence how much a sonographer earns and the state they work in is a major one. The following table illustrates how average sonographer salaries can vary significantly by state, with earnings shown from highest to lowest.
What is the Average Sonographer Salary by State for 2023
State | Annual Salary | Monthly Pay | Weekly Pay | Hourly Wage |
---|---|---|---|---|
New York | $130,753 | $10,896 | $2,514 | $62.86 |
Pennsylvania | $119,728 | $9,977 | $2,302 | $57.56 |
New Hampshire | $117,077 | $9,756 | $2,251 | $56.29 |
New Jersey | $115,302 | $9,608 | $2,217 | $55.43 |
Wyoming | $114,058 | $9,504 | $2,193 | $54.84 |
Washington | $113,902 | $9,491 | $2,190 | $54.76 |
Wisconsin | $113,086 | $9,423 | $2,174 | $54.37 |
Massachusetts | $113,082 | $9,423 | $2,174 | $54.37 |
Alaska | $112,787 | $9,398 | $2,168 | $54.22 |
Oregon | $111,873 | $9,322 | $2,151 | $53.79 |
Indiana | $111,695 | $9,307 | $2,147 | $53.70 |
North Dakota | $111,668 | $9,305 | $2,147 | $53.69 |
Hawaii | $109,499 | $9,124 | $2,105 | $52.64 |
Arizona | $109,385 | $9,115 | $2,103 | $52.59 |
New Mexico | $108,705 | $9,058 | $2,090 | $52.26 |
Colorado | $107,986 | $8,998 | $2,076 | $51.92 |
Minnesota | $107,959 | $8,996 | $2,076 | $51.90 |
Montana | $107,737 | $8,978 | $2,071 | $51.80 |
Nevada | $106,643 | $8,886 | $2,050 | $51.27 |
Alabama | $106,391 | $8,865 | $2,045 | $51.15 |
South Dakota | $105,538 | $8,794 | $2,029 | $50.74 |
Vermont | $105,369 | $8,780 | $2,026 | $50.66 |
Ohio | $105,308 | $8,775 | $2,025 | $50.63 |
Rhode Island | $103,621 | $8,635 | $1,992 | $49.82 |
Iowa | $102,378 | $8,531 | $1,968 | $49.22 |
Delaware | $102,241 | $8,520 | $1,966 | $49.15 |
Connecticut | $102,051 | $8,504 | $1,962 | $49.06 |
Virginia | $101,059 | $8,421 | $1,943 | $48.59 |
Mississippi | $100,644 | $8,387 | $1,935 | $48.39 |
Tennessee | $100,545 | $8,378 | $1,933 | $48.34 |
Utah | $100,028 | $8,335 | $1,923 | $48.09 |
Illinois | $99,727 | $8,310 | $1,917 | $47.95 |
Georgia | $99,110 | $8,259 | $1,905 | $47.65 |
Maryland | $99,089 | $8,257 | $1,905 | $47.64 |
California | $98,791 | $8,232 | $1,899 | $47.50 |
Nebraska | $97,188 | $8,099 | $1,869 | $46.73 |
Maine | $96,740 | $8,061 | $1,860 | $46.51 |
Missouri | $96,025 | $8,002 | $1,846 | $46.17 |
South Carolina | $95,081 | $7,923 | $1,828 | $45.71 |
Kansas | $94,735 | $7,894 | $1,821 | $45.55 |
Idaho | $94,316 | $7,859 | $1,813 | $45.34 |
Louisiana | $94,256 | $7,854 | $1,812 | $45.32 |
Oklahoma | $94,119 | $7,843 | $1,809 | $45.25 |
Texas | $93,511 | $7,792 | $1,798 | $44.96 |
North Carolina | $93,119 | $7,759 | $1,790 | $44.77 |
West Virginia | $92,468 | $7,705 | $1,778 | $44.46 |
Kentucky | $89,668 | $7,472 | $1,724 | $43.11 |
Michigan | $89,461 | $7,455 | $1,720 | $43.01 |
Florida | $87,711 | $7,309 | $1,686 | $42.17 |
Arkansas | $85,099 | $7,091 | $1,636 | $40.91 |
Source: ZipRecruiter
Sonographer Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits
If a sonographer chooses to work part-time, they may not gain access to the same suite of valuable employee benefits that full-time sonographers typically earn. While employee benefits can vary by employer, full-time sonographers can generally expect to receive healthcare coverage, paid time off, and retirement plans as a part of their overall compensation package.
💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.
Pros and Cons of Sonographer Salary
One of the biggest pros associated with a sonographer’s salary is that they don’t have to take on expensive medical school debt — which can really eat into a worker’s monthly budget. An associate’s degree or a postsecondary certificate may be required but will cost less than pursuing other degree requirements commonly found in the medical field.
Regarding cons, some may find the salary doesn’t outweigh the hardships of the job. Many sonographers work nights and weekends and are on their feet for long periods of time.
Recommended: Pros and Cons of Minimum Wage
The Takeaway
Sonographers currently earn an average of $78,210 per year. They have a very valuable medical-service skill set, and demand for that skill is growing. It’s anticipated that job openings for this role will grow by 10% from 2022 to 2032, which is above the national average rate. As they navigate their careers, sonographers will likely want to make progress in their financial lives, with smart budgeting and saving.
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FAQ
Can you make 100k a year as a sonographer?
It is possible to earn $100,000 or more each year as a sonographer. On average, sonographers in the state of New York earn $130,753 per year. Where someone lives, how many years of experience they have, and their specialty can all impact how much they earn.
Do people like being a sonographer?
Working as a sonographer is a great fit for anyone who finds the work interesting and who enjoys patient interaction. Because this role requires so much patient care throughout the day, it’s not the best fit for those who are antisocial.
Is it hard to get hired as a sonographer?
Around 9,600 openings for diagnostic medical sonographers are anticipated to be available each year. Because of this high demand, if someone has the right education and qualifications, they should be able to find work as a sonographer.
Photo credit: iStock/dusanpetkovic
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*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
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Source: sofi.com
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Today’s average mortgage rates
Today’s mortgage rates
If you’re in the market for a home, here are today’s mortgage rates compared to last week’s.
Loan term | Today’s Rate | Last week | Change |
---|---|---|---|
30-year mortgage rate | 7.01% | 6.95% | +0.07 |
15-year fixed rate | 6.46% | 6.34% | +0.12 |
10-year fixed | 6.31% | 6.20% | +0.11 |
5/1 ARM | 6.33% | 6.45% | -0.12 |
30-year jumbo mortgage rate | 7.15% | 7.04% | +0.11 |
30-year mortgage refinance rate | 7.03% | 6.98% | +0.05 |
Average rates offered by lenders nationwide as of April 11, 2024. We use rates collected by Bankrate to track daily mortgage rate trends.
Mortgage rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
Mortgage interest rate trends
Over the last few years, high inflation and the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate hikes pushed up mortgage rates from their record lows around the pandemic. Since last summer, the Fed has consistently kept the federal funds rate at 5.25% to 5.5%. Though the central bank doesn’t directly set the rates for mortgages, a high federal funds rate makes borrowing more expensive, including for home loans.
Mortgage rates change daily, but average rates have been moving between 6.5% and 7.5% since late last fall. Today’s homebuyers have less room in their budget to afford the cost of a home due to elevated mortgage rates and steep home prices. Limited housing inventory and low wage growth are also contributing to the affordability crisis and keeping mortgage demand down.
What to expect from mortgage rates in 2024
Mortgage forecasters base their projections on different data, but most housing market experts predict rates will move toward 6% by the end of 2024. Ultimately, a more affordable mortgage market will depend on how quickly the Fed begins cutting interest rates. Most economists predict that the Fed will start lowering interest rates later this summer.
Since mortgage rates fluctuate for many reasons — supply, demand, inflation, monetary policy and jobs data — homebuyers won’t see lower rates overnight, and it’s unlikely they’ll find rates in the 2% range again.
“We are expecting mortgage rates to fall to around 6.5% by the end of this year, but there’s still a lot of volatility I think we might see,” said Daryl Fairweather, chief economist at Redfin.
Every month brings a new set of inflation and labor data that can change how investors and the market respond and what direction mortgage rates go, said Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist at First American Financial Corporation. “Ongoing inflation deceleration, a slowing economy and even geopolitical uncertainty can contribute to lower mortgage rates. On the other hand, data that signals upside risk to inflation may result in higher rates,” Kushi said.
Here’s a look at where some major housing authorities expect average mortgage rates to land.
Picking a mortgage term and type
When picking a mortgage, consider the loan term, or payment schedule. The most common mortgage terms are 15 and 30 years, although 10-, 20- and 40-year mortgages also exist. You’ll also need to choose between a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the duration of the loan, and an adjustable-rate mortgage. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is only fixed for a certain amount of time (commonly five, seven or 10 years), after which the rate adjusts annually based on the market’s current interest rate. Fixed-rate mortgages offer more stability and are a better option if you plan to live in a home in the long term, but adjustable-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates upfront.
30-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average 30-year fixed mortgage interest rate is 7.01%, which is an increase of 7 basis points from seven days ago. (A basis point is equivalent to 0.01%.) A 30-year fixed mortgage is the most common loan term. It will often have a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage, but you’ll have a lower monthly payment.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average rate for a 15-year, fixed mortgage is 6.46%, which is an increase of 12 basis points from the same time last week. Though you’ll have a bigger monthly payment than a 30-year fixed mortgage, a 15-year loan usually comes with a lower interest rate, allowing you to pay less interest in the long run and pay off your mortgage sooner.
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages
A 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage has an average rate of 6.33%, a decrease of 12 basis points from the same time last week. You’ll typically get a lower introductory interest rate with a 5/1 ARM in the first five years of the mortgage. But you could pay more after that period, depending on how the rate adjusts annually. If you plan to sell or refinance your house within five years, an ARM could be a good option.
What affects mortgage rates?
While it’s important to monitor mortgage rates if you’re shopping for a home, remember that no one has a crystal ball. It’s impossible to time the mortgage market, and rates will always have some level of volatility because so many factors are at play.
“Mortgage rates tend to follow long-date Treasury yields, a function of current inflation and economic growth as well as expectations about future economic conditions,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
Here are the factors that influence the average rates on home loans.
- Federal Reserve monetary policy: The nation’s central bank doesn’t set interest rates, but when it adjusts the federal funds rate, mortgages tend to go in the same direction.
- Inflation: Mortgage rates tend to increase during high inflation. Lenders usually set higher interest rates on loans to compensate for the loss of purchasing power.
- The bond market: Mortgage lenders often use long-term bond yields, like the 10-Year Treasury, as a benchmark to set interest rates on home loans. When yields rise, mortgage rates typically increase.
- Geopolitical events: World events, such as elections, pandemics or economic crises, can also affect home loan rates, particularly when global financial markets face uncertainty.
- Other economic factors: The bond market, employment data, investor confidence and housing market trends, such as supply and demand, can also affect the direction of mortgage rates.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment
Getting a mortgage should always depend on your financial situation and long-term goals. The most important thing is to make a budget and try to stay within your means. CNET’s mortgage calculator below can help homebuyers prepare for monthly mortgage payments.
Expert tips for the best mortgage rates
Though mortgage rates and home prices are high, the housing market won’t be unaffordable forever. It’s always a good time to save for a down payment and improve your credit score to help you secure a competitive mortgage rate when the time is right.
- Save for a bigger down payment: Though a 20% down payment isn’t required, a larger upfront payment means taking out a smaller mortgage, which will help you save in interest.
- Boost your credit score: You can qualify for a conventional mortgage with a 620 credit score, but a higher score of at least 740 will get you better rates.
- Pay off debt: Experts recommend a debt-to-income ratio of 36% or less to help you qualify for the best rates. Not carrying other debt will put you in a better position to handle your monthly payments.
- Research loans and assistance: Government-sponsored loans have more flexible borrowing requirements than conventional loans. Some government-sponsored or private programs can also help with your down payment and closing costs.
- Shop around for lenders: Researching and comparing multiple loan offers from different lenders can help you secure the lowest mortgage rate for your situation.
Source: cnet.com
Apache is functioning normally
Legislation targeting LGBTQ+ communities is intensifying across U.S. states. Since 2022, the number of states banning gender-affirming care has risen from four to 23, and 21 states banned or restricted abortion. Two-thirds of states also currently have laws on the books that criminally penalize certain activities based on a person’s HIV-positive status.
Recent Washington Post analysis of FBI crime data reveals that hate crimes in K-12 schools have more than quadrupled in response to restrictive laws.
In 2017, long before the most recent legislation, a survey by National Public Radio, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found more than half of the LGBTQ+ community regularly reported experiencing threats, harassment or violence due to their sexuality or gender identity.
It stands to reason that community members may wonder how to plan for their safety and well-being. If you need to move due to safety concerns — and have some time to prepare for the move — any financial planning you can do beforehand will go a long way. Consider the following six tips from financial and LGBTQ+ experts around the country.
How to financially prepare for a move (if you can)
1. Evaluate your assets and expenses
Taking stock of your income, expenses and assets can help you figure out what it will take to make your move a reality. Lindsey Young, a certified financial planner in Baltimore, says reviewing regular expenses, moving expenses and any costs you may face from temporary unemployment can help you understand where your money is going and plan where you want it to go.
Moving is expensive, and the LGBTQ+ community already tends to earn less than straight and cisgender workers on average, according to a Human Rights Campaign analysis of full-time LGBTQ+ workers and Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Transgender men and women, LGBTQ+ people of color and LGBTQ+ women face even more pronounced pay gaps and discrimination.
However, the LGBTQ+ community also has a rich history of supporting one another through mutual aid. So, check with your support network to see what’s available. Be aware that seeking help and support is normal, especially during challenging political moments.
2. Acquire cash on hand
Once you know how much money you need, consider how you might get it and create cash flow, says Young. For example, can you take on extra shifts at work? A second job? Can your chosen family or a GoFundMe make up the difference?
If you need to move but don’t have cash, says Young, consider what existing lines of credit you can access, such as a home equity line of credit, or HELOC, or credit card.
Also, consider whether you would want — or be able — to take on repaying new debt over the next several months or years. Are you more comfortable taking on debt to make a move happen, or would you prefer to tough it out where you are? Young says there is no correct answer, and it’s a matter of “understanding what their priorities are to really figure out what the right path forward is.”
3. Assemble your documents and back them up
Wherever you are, it’s always helpful to get your important documents together in one place. Make photocopies of anything important, such as medical records and personal IDs, and upload them to a safe cloud location so you can access them anywhere.
4. Specify your power of attorney
Officially designating who will make medical and financial decisions on your behalf is essential to putting someone you trust in charge if something happens to you. Make your will and choose your power of attorney so one isn’t chosen for you.
This step is crucial for anyone concerned that their biological family members (or the state) might try to challenge their wishes, even if they’re married. If your situation is complicated, finding an attorney who specializes in LGBTQ+ clients can help ensure that your wishes are followed despite any contentious family relationships you may have.
The risk of not planning can include that your wishes and loved ones aren’t honored, says Frank Summers, a certified financial planner in Charlotte, North Carolina. “I know of situations in which the estate of somebody who passed away went to a family member who did not approve of their relationship, who didn’t like gay people and proceeded to make the life of the surviving partner extraordinarily difficult when that person is dealing with a tremendous and profound grief,” says Summers.
5. Connect to members of your community, old and new
Connecting to an LGBTQ+ organization or group in a new city might make you feel safer, as well as possibly open up connections to new jobs, health care providers and relationships.
As director of transgender services at The Center on Colfax in Denver, Sable Schultz has seen a significant uptick in people connecting to peer support group services in person and online as they prepare to move to Colorado. Considered a “refugee” state, Colorado has sheltered thousands of newcomers in 2024, and its Medicaid coverage includes gender-affirming services.
Summers sees particular groups of people impacted by legislation — trans and nonbinary people, people wanting to start families, people with children and people who require ongoing care. Needing to access care and not knowing if you’ll be able to get it (or, if you can get access, not knowing if you’ll receive care with respect) can be overwhelming and scary, especially in a state like North Carolina that recently banned gender-affirming care and severely restricted abortion.
So wherever you’re headed, identify a support group, Queer Exchange, Facebook affinity group, or a social service provider that can connect you with housing, medical care, community or other support nearby.
6. Plan a safe travel route
If you’re getting on the road, consider how you can safely get from one place to another, including where you can use the restroom. Be sure to check in with local queer groups to identify where travelers have successfully stopped and stayed in the past.
If moving or traveling requires you to go through states targeting the LGBTQ+ community, particularly trans and nonbinary people, make a plan for how you can drive along large interstates and stop in larger towns and cities, or at least places that identify themselves as allies to the community.
What to do if you have to move and can’t prepare
Conversations about money aren’t usually related to an immediate life or death scenario, but for too many members of the LGBTQ+ community, that is the current reality. Safety is top of mind, especially given the ongoing rise in hate crimes.
Schultz describes Colorado as a refugee state because it mandates health care protections — including requiring gender-affirming care of Medicaid services — as well as general protections around gender identity and gender expression.
Other states where gender-affirming care is practiced include Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming; and Washington, D.C.
If you’d feel safer in any of these states, it’s possible even a lack of financial planning shouldn’t keep you from making the move. For those who are currently unhoused or living out of their car, says Schultz, sometimes “it’s at least safer to be unhoused here [in Colorado] than it would be to be wherever they were. And they can at least get the health care that they need.”
There’s no shame in doing what you must to get to a safer place where you are valued and wanted. And if you’re an ally to the LGBTQ+ community, check in on your loved one. Consider what emotional, financial or other support you can offer them during this challenging time.
Source: nerdwallet.com