Mortgage rates rose this week as the yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note inched up. As of Monday, the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note was about 4.25%, according to Tradeweb, up from 3.86% at the end of last year.
As a result, HousingWire’s Mortgage Rates Center showed the average 30-year fixed rate for conventional loans at 7.16% on Tuesday, up from 7.07% one week earlier. At the same time one year ago, the 30-year fixed rate averaged 6.53%. Meanwhile, the 15-year fixed rate averaged 6.51% on Tuesday, up from 6.5% one week earlier.
“The 10-year yield is up a few basis points this week as the market gets ready to digest the next big piece of economic data: Friday’s PCE inflation report. As the 10-year yield moves higher, mortgage pricing should move with it, but the mortgage spreads are having a good week, which is encouraging news,” HousingWire lead analyst Logan Mohtashami said.
“The following week, we have jobs week with four economic labor reports for the bond market to focus on.”
As of March 22, there were 513,000 single-family homes unsold on the market, up 1.1% from the week prior and up 24% from the same week one year ago. At the same period last year, inventory was declining, according to Mike Simonsen, founder and president of Altos Research.
“We’ll finish the year with over 600,000 homes on the market unless rates reverse and fall quickly,” Simonsen wrote on Monday.
More inventory on the market means that more sales can take place. But, on the other hand, it can also mean that demand is weakening.
“The longer mortgage rates stay higher, the more inventory will grow closer to the old levels,” Simonsen wrote. “If you’re a homebuyer and you’re waiting for mortgage rates to fall before you swoop in for a deal, recognize that even slightly lower rates will spur demand more than supply so inventory will start falling and selection and competition will be worse.”
There’s no question that inflation has cooled significantly compared to mid-2022 when the inflation rate hovered above 9%. However, we aren’t back to normal just yet. At 3.2%, today’s inflation rate is still well above the Fed’s target rate of 2%, resulting in the Federal Reserve’s benchmark rate remaining paused at a 23-year high. In turn, borrowers now face elevated interest rates on everything from credit cards to mortgage loans — especially compared to the rates that were offered in 2020 and 2021.
But the good news is that mortgage rates, in particular, have declined slightly over the last few months, making it more affordable to borrow money for a home. And, as the spring homebuying season kicks into high gear, many prospective buyers are starting the pre-approval process to secure a mortgage loan.
Finding the right mortgage loan goes beyond just getting the best mortgage rate, though. It’s also critical that you understand all the details, fees and requirements from your lender so you can make the best decision possible for your money. And that starts by asking some important questions.
Explore your top mortgage loan options online now.
10 important mortgage loan questions to ask this spring
If you want to make an informed decision on your mortgage loan this spring, here are 10 crucial questions you should ask your mortgage lender:
What are the current mortgage rates and fees?
It’s crucial to get a clear picture of the interest rate you qualify for and understand all the lender fees involved in the transaction. As part of this process, be sure to ask about the mortgage loan’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes the interest rate plus other costs. And, given that today’s mortgage rates are hovering near 7%, don’t forget to inquire about discount points to buy down the rate.
Find the best mortgage loan rates you could qualify for today.
What are the different loan program options?
There are various mortgage products to choose from. For example, your lender may offer you conventional or jumbo mortgage loan options as well as government-backed mortgage loans, like Federal Housing Administration (FHA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loans.
Each type of mortgage loan has pros and cons to consider, and your lender should explain the differences and qualifications for each. That way, you can choose the right fit based on your down payment amount, credit score and financial situation.
What is the required down payment minimum?
Down payment requirements can vary across mortgage loan programs, and depending on the amount of money you have to put down on the home, one mortgage loan could make more sense over another. So, be sure to find the minimum down payment percentages for each type of loan you’re considering, as well as the benefits of putting down a higher amount to avoid mortgage insurance.
You may also want to ask if you’re eligible for any down payment assistance programs, as these programs may be available for certain types of buyers or mortgage loans.
How much home can I afford?
Your lender will pre-approve you for a maximum mortgage loan amount based on your income, debts and credit. However, it’s important to understand that the amount you’re approved for is the maximum, and you need to know what monthly payment you can realistically afford.
With that in mind, be sure to ask your lender to run different home price scenarios with estimated payments to ensure that you’re comfortable with the potential costs each month and that they align with what you have budgeted for your mortgage payments.
What documentation is required?
Your lender will need various documentation, from tax returns and pay stubs to bank statements and gift letters, to verify your income, assets and other information that’s required to approve you for your mortgage loan. It can be helpful to get a full checklist of required paperwork so you can prepare in advance, helping to expedite the pre-approval process (and ultimately the loan approval process).
How long is the mortgage pre-approval valid?
Pre-approvals typically have an expiration date, which can vary by lender, but are often between 60 and 90 days. Ask your lender how long your mortgage loan preapproval is valid for and find out what the process is to get re-approved if your home search takes longer just in case there are issues with finding the right home in that time frame.
What are the estimated closing costs?
In addition to your down payment, you’ll need to pay closing costs, which can vary by lender, but typically amount to 2% to 5% of the home’s purchase price. Be sure to request a fee worksheet or estimate from your lender to understand this significant upfront expense.
And, in some cases, you may be able to negotiate with your lender to lower some of these closing costs and fees. Knowing what these costs are as you compare your loan and lender options can be useful as you determine whether it would be worth it to do so.
What is the rate lock period?
A mortgage rate lock guarantees that your quoted interest rate won’t increase for a set period, which is often between 30 and 60 days. As you navigate the mortgage lending process, be sure to find out the lender’s lock periods and associated fees in case you need an extended rate lock.
What are the steps after pre-approval?
Having clarity on the next steps after pre-approval is an important component of ensuring the mortgage lending process is a success. So, be sure to ask your lender about the typical timeline for what happens after pre-approval. That way you know how long you have to shop for homes, the timeline for having a home under contract, when you need to secure the appraisal and the estimated time it will take for the underwriting processes to get the final approval.
Are there any prepayment penalties?
These days, it’s rare for lenders to charge mortgage prepayment penalties. However, it’s still important to confirm there are no fees if you pay off your loan early or refinance down the road, so be sure to ask this question of your lender.
The bottom line
The mortgage process can be daunting, especially in today’s high-rate environment, but being an informed borrower is half the battle. So, as you navigate the mortgage lending process, don’t hesitate to ask your lender plenty of questions, as this will likely be one of the biggest financial decisions you’ll make. That’s why an experienced, communicative lender is key to making the right mortgage choice this spring homebuying season.
Angelica Leicht
Angelica Leicht is senior editor for CBS’ Moneywatch: Managing Your Money, where she writes and edits articles on a range of personal finance topics. Angelica previously held editing roles at The Simple Dollar, Interest, HousingWire and other financial publications.
Do you find yourself thinking, “Should I move to Los Angeles, CA”? If you do, then you know that Los Angeles is not just any city. It’s a dynamic place where dreams take flight, and the sun almost always shines. From the iconic Hollywood sign to the bustling streets of downtown, LA is full of life and diverse cultures, making it a melting pot of ideas and creativity. Living here means you’re never far from the beach or a stunning hiking trail, offering a unique blend of urban living and nature’s beauty. Plus, with its world-famous entertainment industry, you might just bump into a celebrity while grabbing your morning coffee.
If you’re considering making the move to the City of Angels, you’re in the right place. In this article, we’ll discuss the pros and cons of living in Los Angeles to help you decide if it’s the right place for you. Let’s dive in.
Los Angeles at a Glance
Walk Score: 69 | Bike Score: 59 | Transit Score: 53
Median Sale Price: $975,000 | Average Rent for 1-Bedroom Apartment: $2,687
Explore Los Angeles neighborhoods | homes for sale in Los Angeles | houses for rent in Los Angeles | apartments for rent in Los Angeles
Pro: Diverse culinary scene
Los Angeles boasts an incredibly diverse culinary scene, reflecting its multicultural population. From authentic Mexican tacos in East L.A. to Korean BBQ in Koreatown and innovative vegan options scattered throughout the city, there’s something to satisfy every palate. The city is also home to numerous Michelin-starred restaurants, including Providence, Mélisse, and Somni. These exquisite dining experiences draw food enthusiasts from around the globe to LA.
Con: Traffic congestion
One of the most notorious aspects of living in Los Angeles is its traffic congestion. With a lower Transit Score of 53, the city’s sprawling layout, and heavy reliance on car transportation mean residents often face long commute times. This problem becomes more intense, especially during rush hours. This can lead to increased stress and less free time for leisure activities or family. Despite efforts to improve public transportation, traffic remains a significant challenge for the city.
Pro: Entertainment industry hub
Los Angeles is globally recognized as the heart of the entertainment industry. Home to Hollywood, it offers unparalleled opportunities for those aspiring to careers in film, television, music, and beyond. Similarly, musicians have a lot of opportunities with renowned music venues like the Troubadour and the Hollywood Bowl nearby. The city also hosts numerous film premieres, award shows, and industry events, providing locals with a front-row seat to the entertainment world. This vital sector also contributes to the city’s dynamic cultural landscape and economy.
Con: High cost of living
The cost of living in Los Angeles is 50% higher than the national average. From housing to groceries, nearly every aspect of daily life tends to come with a hefty price tag. The city consistently ranks among the most expensive places to buy a home in the United States, with sky-high rents and property values making homeownership a distant dream for many. The exorbitant cost of living in Los Angeles poses a significant challenge for residents, especially those with modest incomes or limited financial resources.
Pro: Beautiful weather
Los Angeles is famed for its mild, sunny climate year-round, making it an ideal location for outdoor enthusiasts. The city boasts an average of 284 sunny days per year, allowing residents to enjoy beaches, hiking trails, and parks regularly. This pleasant weather also supports a lively outdoor dining and social scene, contributing to the overall quality of life in the city.
Con: Air quality issues
Despite its sunny skies, Los Angeles struggles with air quality issues, primarily due to vehicle emissions and industrial pollution. The city frequently ranks among those with the worst air pollution in the nation, which can pose health risks, particularly for individuals with respiratory conditions. Efforts are ongoing to improve air quality, but it remains a concern for residents.
Pro: Cultural diversity
Los Angeles is a melting pot of cultures, offering a rich tapestry of experiences that reflect its diverse population. The city celebrates this diversity through numerous cultural festivals, museums, and neighborhoods like Little Tokyo and Little Armenia. This cultural richness enhances the social fabric of Los Angeles, fostering a sense of global community and understanding among its residents.
Con: Water scarcity
Located in a region prone to droughts, Los Angeles faces ongoing challenges with water scarcity. This environmental issue affects everything from residential water use to the sustainability of local agriculture. Residents are often subject to water usage restrictions and are encouraged to adopt water-saving measures, highlighting the importance of conservation in the city’s daily life.
Pro: Innovative tech scene
Should I move to Los Angeles if I don’t want to be in entertainment business? Los Angeles is not just about entertainment; it’s also a growing hub for the tech industry, often referred to as Silicon Beach. The city attracts startups and established tech companies alike, offering opportunities in digital media, aerospace, biotech, and more. This burgeoning tech scene provides a wealth of employment opportunities and fosters a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Con: Seismic activity
Los Angeles is situated in a region with significant seismic activity, making earthquakes a reality of life in the city. While strict building codes and emergency preparedness efforts aim to mitigate the impact, the threat of a major earthquake is an ever-present concern for residents. This geological reality influences everything from insurance costs to personal and community safety measures.
Pro: Access to nature and recreation
Los Angeles offers easy access to a wide range of natural landscapes and recreational activities. From the beaches of Santa Monica and Malibu to the hiking trails in the Santa Monica Mountains and skiing opportunities just a few hours away, the city is perfectly positioned for those who love the outdoors. This access to nature contributes significantly to the lifestyle benefits of living in Los Angeles.
Jenna is a Midwest native who enjoys writing about home improvement projects and local insights. When she’s not working, you can find her cooking, crocheting, or backpacking with her fiancé.
This has kept single-family permits from falling and kept construction workers employed to build and finish the backlog of single-family homes in the pipeline.
We obviously can’t say that the apartment marketplace and permits are back to recession lows.
So, for now, homebuilders can still keep construction workers employed in the single-family housing market as they slowly work through the backlog of homes.
From Census: New Home Sales: Sales of new single‐family houses in February 2024 were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 662,000, according to estimates released jointly today by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
As we can see below, new home sales aren’t booming. We are still at the level seen in the 1990s, so no record-breaking demand is happening here like we saw in the run-up to 2005, which took new home sales up to 1.4 million. However, slow and steady wins the race.
For sale inventory and months’ supply: The seasonally‐adjusted estimate of new houses for sale at the end of February was 463,000. This represents a supply of 8.4 months at the current sales rate.
Here’s my model for understanding the builders:
When supply is 4.3 months and below, this is an excellent market for builders.
When supply is 4.4-6.4 months, this is just an OK market for builders. They will build as long as new home sales are growing.
When supply is over 6.5 months, the builders will pause construction.
This housing cycle is unique due to the historic backlog of homes the builders still have, so they will be mindful to ensure they can sell those homes once they’re completed units. If the original contract buyer can’t buy now, they must ensure they can sell that new home to a new buyer. As you can imagine with 8.4 months of supply, don’t expect the builders to be building single-family homes in a big fashion. They will go nice and slow because they’re not the March of Dimes; they’re here to make money.
One of the things I like to do is break down the monthly supply data into subcategories. People sometimes believe that the monthly supply of new homes means live, completed homes ready to buy, but that isn’t the case. In this report:
1.5 months of the supply are homes completed and ready for sale — about 85,000 homes.
4.9 months of the supply are homes that are still under construction — about 272,000 homes
1.9 months of the supply are homes that haven’t been started yet — about 106,000 homes
As shown below, we only have 85,000 completed homes ready for sale.
This report had some minor positive revisions to the previous month, so to keep things simple, as long as mortgage rates don’t head toward 8%, new home sales have the backdrop to grow sales if rates are in the 6% range because they can buy down rates to a sub-6% level to move homes. It gets much more expensive for them to do this at 8%.
Have you ever wondered, “Should I move to Chicago, IL?” Living in the Windy City is like being in a giant playground with endless adventures around every corner. The city is famous for its vibrant arts scene, diverse neighborhoods, and passionate sports fans. From the towering skyscrapers that touch the clouds to the deep-dish pizza that’ll make your taste buds dance, Chicago is truly one-of-a-kind.
Whether you’re exploring the museums, taking a stroll by Lake Michigan, or cheering at a baseball game, Chicago has a unique way of making everyone feel at home. In this article, we’ll discuss 11 pros and cons of living in Chicago to help you decide if it’s the right place for you. Let’s get started.
Chicago at a Glance
Walk Score: 77 | Bike Score: 72 | Transit Score: 65
Median Sale Price: $335,000 | Average Rent for 1-Bedroom Apartment: $1,835
Chicago neighborhoods | houses for rent in Chicago | apartments for rent in Chicago | homes for sale in Chicago
Pro: Rich historical heritage
Chicago’s rich historical heritage is evident in its architecture, museums, and landmarks. The city played a pivotal role in the development of skyscrapers, and a walk through its downtown area reveals architectural marvels like the Willis Tower and the John Hancock Center. Chicago’s history is also preserved in institutions like the Chicago History Museum and the DuSable Black History Museum, offering residents and visitors the opportunity to deep dive into the city’s past.
Con: Harsh winters
One of the most challenging aspects of living in Chicago is its notoriously harsh winters. Temperatures can plummet well below freezing, and the city often experiences heavy snowfall, ice storms, and biting winds that come off Lake Michigan, making it feel even colder. These conditions can make daily commutes and outdoor activities quite daunting from late November through March.
Pro: Outstanding dining and culinary scene
Chicago’s dining scene is second to none, offering a diverse array of culinary experiences that cater to all tastes and budgets. From the legendary deep-dish pizza to Michelin-starred restaurants like Alinea and Chicago Cut Steakhouse, the city’s food landscape is rich and varied. Chicago is also home to a thriving street food scene, with food trucks and pop-up markets offering everything from gourmet sandwiches to international delicacies.
Con: Traffic congestion
Chicago is notorious for its heavy traffic congestion, especially during rush hours and peak travel times. The city’s extensive network of highways, streets, and intersections can become gridlocked, leading to frustrating delays and longer commute times for residents and commuters. This congestion is exacerbated by ongoing road construction projects, lane closures, and infrastructure repairs, which further disrupt traffic flow and contribute to traffic-related stress. For example, the Kennedy Expressway, one of the busiest highways in the city, experiences frequent congestion, causing significant delays for drivers traveling to and from the downtown area.
Pro: Extensive park system
Chicago is renowned for its extensive park system, offering residents and visitors alike a green escape within the urban environment. The city’s crown jewel, Grant Park, hosts the iconic Buckingham Fountain and provides a stunning backdrop to the Chicago skyline. Additionally, the 18-mile-long Lakefront Trail offers unparalleled access to beaches, parks, and recreational activities along Lake Michigan, making it a favorite among outdoor enthusiasts.
Con: High cost of living
The cost of living in Chicago is 14% higher than the national average. Rent and real estate prices in desirable neighborhoods can be steep, making it challenging for some residents to find affordable living spaces. Additionally, the city’s sales tax is one of the highest in the nation, which can further strain budgets, especially for those already struggling with the high costs associated with urban living.
Pro: Diverse neighborhoods
One of Chicago’s greatest strengths is its diversity, reflected in the city’s wide array of neighborhoods, each with its own unique character and cultural heritage. From the historic architecture of the Gold Coast to the vibrant murals of Pilsen, Chicago’s neighborhoods offer a mosaic of experiences. This diversity fosters a rich community life where various cultural traditions and cuisines are celebrated, making it a fascinating city to explore and live in.
Con: Seasonal allergies
For those sensitive to seasonal changes, Chicago’s diverse plant life and weather patterns can trigger significant allergy symptoms. Spring and fall are particularly challenging times for allergy sufferers. The city’s abundant parks and green spaces contribute to higher pollen counts. This can be a minor inconvenience for some but a major health issue for others, affecting their ability to enjoy the city’s outdoor amenities.
Pro: Vibrant arts and culture scene
Chicago boasts an incredibly vibrant arts and culture scene that is hard to match. From the world-renowned Art Institute of Chicago, which houses masterpieces spanning centuries. To the eclectic music scene that has birthed genres like Chicago blues and house music, the city is a haven for art lovers and musicians alike. The city also hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, including the Chicago Jazz Festival and Lollapalooza, drawing in crowds from all over the globe.
Con: Noise pollution
Should I move to Chicago if I like peace and quite? Maybe not. As a bustling metropolis, Chicago experiences a significant amount of noise pollution. From the constant hum of traffic to the sounds of construction and urban development, noise is a constant presence. This can be particularly challenging for those living in denser neighborhoods or near major roads.
Pro: Access to world-class healthcare
Residents of Chicago have access to some of the best healthcare facilities in the country. The city is home to top-ranked hospitals such as Northwestern Memorial Hospital and the University of Chicago Medical Center. Each of which are renowned for their research, specialty care, and medical education programs. This access to high-quality healthcare is a significant advantage for those living in and around Chicago.
Jenna is a Midwest native who enjoys writing about home improvement projects and local insights. When she’s not working, you can find her cooking, crocheting, or backpacking with her fiancé.
In addition, we can see the price reductions ticking up each week. They aren’t at a scary level, people are buying homes, but it’s notably softer on pricing than last year at this time.
Mortgage rates seem to have finally settled down. The Fed met last week and we escaped dramatic changes in the markets. I was worried that we might come out of that meeting with a spike in mortgage rates but that didn’t materialize so we got lucky.
I like to point out that consumers are more sensitive to changes in mortgage rates than to the absolute levels, and since rates are now basically unchanged for the month, just easing down from the early March peak of 7.2%, sellers and buyers are tip-toeing back into the market.
As a result, we continue to see the signals that home sales volume will grow this year and prices will be mostly flat. The price appreciation signals last year were stronger than they are now.
Housing inventory
The available inventory of unsold homes continued to climb last week.
There are now 513,000 single family homes unsold on the market.
That’s 1.1% more than last week and 24% more than a year ago.
Last year, inventory was still declining in March. Now it’s on the rise.
Inventory will cross over 2020 levels by July. We’ll finish the year with over 600,000 homes on the market unless rates reverse and fall quickly.
Three takeaways from the inventory data now:
1. Growing inventory this year means more sales can happen. More sellers means more sales will happen.
2. Year-over-year inventory growth points to weaker demand and is one of the signals that home prices won’t climb this year. We currently have 24% more homes on the market than a year ago.
3. The longer mortgage rates stay higher, the more inventory will grow closer to the old levels. If you’re a homebuyer and you’re waiting for mortgage rates to fall before you swoop in for a deal, recognize that even slightly lower rates will spur demand more than supply so inventory will start falling and selection and competition will be worse.
New listings
Each week this spring we’ve been tracking the new listings volume. Last week we saw just over 60,000 new listings added to the inventory with another 17,000 new listings / immediate sales. In total, new listings data is 14% more than last year. April is looking good for home sales growth.
A year with 5.5 to 6 million home sales would need probably 80,000 new listings of single family homes right now. And we have 60,000, so there simply aren’t enough homes for sale to hit the big sales numbers, but the lid is being lifted. We can see obvious growth.
Pendings
As supply increases, the rate of sales is starting to pick up compared to a year ago. We can measure home sales in real time by tracking all the homes that moved to contract pending status this week. These “pendings” aren’t yet sold. They’ll spend 30 or 40 days in contract and the sales will mostly close in April or May.
There were 67,000 new contracts for single family homes this week compared to only 62,000 in the same week last year. There were another 15,000 condos into contract. This annualizes to only 4.3 million home sales, without any seasonal adjustment. So obviously the rate of sales is still pretty slow, which makes sense given the high mortgage rates. But the sales rate is climbing. The rate of new contracts is 8% more than last year but still 15% fewer than March of 2022, when buyers were desperately trying to get their deals done as rates were rising.
It looks like April will see decent home sales growth over 2023 but won’t overtake 2022 sales volumes until after July of this year. July of 2022 was when supply and demand fell precipitously. If mortgage rates stay stabilized in the upper 6s, these trends look durable to me.
Home prices
Last week, all the current price measures actually had pretty healthy gains. When we look at all the homes on the market, the median price is now $439,000. That is up a fraction this week and just a little bit higher than last year. Home prices climb this time of year before peaking in June as the best inventory, the most new listings, and the best demand is in the market. This week’s price increase is right in the normal range for the end of March.
The price of new listings took a healthy jump this week, up 1% to $424,900. That’s nearly 4% higher than a year ago. It’s also to be expected that the price of new listings each week in the spring lurch higher. There is no signal of big home price changes in this leading indicator, but it’s nice that this move is up.
Four years ago in March 2022, we were at the start of the pandemic lockdown and we could see the price of the new listings drop very quickly. That price decline only last for three weeks though. And the price of the new listings was one of the important factors that showed us very quickly how there would be no housing crash as a result of the crisis.
The price of the homes going into contract across the country are holding up but also not accelerating. The median price of the new contracts this week was $389,900 — that’s up a fraction from last week and 4% more than a year ago. Home prices peaked in May of 2022 and didn’t surpass that during last year’s spring season. I expect we’ll hit new all-time highs for home prices in the next month or so, assuming these current trends hold.
Price reductions
Most of the signals in the data last week were pretty optimistic. If there is one factor to temper than optimism, it’s the price reductions. The percent of homes on the market with price cuts from their original list price ticked up to 31.4% this week. There are more homes on the market now that have felt the need to reduce asking price than there were a year ago. Last year’s market strength in Q1 and Q2 led to 5% home-price growth for the full year of 2023. We have less strength in pricing now than we did last year.
While price reductions are in the “normal” range, they are higher now than any March in many years. There are more sellers now who have reduced the asking prices on their homes than in any March in over a decade. This last decade was a very strong one for homebuyer demand, so we haven’t seen a “normal” market in a very long time.
This is a signal to pay attention to. It’s hard to see how home prices will grow nationally this year under these circumstances. We can see buyers in the market, but there is no signal of them pushing home prices higher. Sellers who over-price are being forced to reduce.
In March 2022, there were still very few overall homes with price reductions, but that was changing rapidly. The slope started to climb very quickly, especially in April and May of that year. The number peaked in November 2022 with 43% of the homes on the market needing price cuts. That November peak corresponded to home sales price declines four to six months later. That’s why this data is worth watching so closely: These price cuts tell us about demand now, which turns into sales several months down the road.
We can see homebuyers are very sensitive to mortgage rate moves. We can see the price reductions data adjust exactly in the moments that mortgage rates jump higher.
LOS ANGELES — The average long-term U.S. mortgage rate climbed back to nearly 7% this week, pushing up borrowing costs for home shoppers.
The average rate on a 30-year mortgage rose last week from 6.74% to 6.87%, mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday. A year ago, the rate averaged 6.42%. The average rate is now just below where it was two weeks ago.
Borrowing costs on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages, popular with homeowners refinancing their home loans, also rose this week, pushing the average rate last week from 6.16% to 6.21% . A year ago it averaged 5.68%, Freddie Mac said.
When mortgage rates rise, they can add hundreds of dollars a month in costs for borrowers, limiting how much they can afford in a market already out of reach for many Americans.
“After decreasing for a couple of weeks, mortgage rates are once again on the upswing,” said Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist.
Investors’ expectations for future inflation, global demand for U.S. Treasurys and what the Federal Reserve does with its short-term interest rate can influence rates on home loans.
After climbing to a 23-year high of 7.79% in October, the average rate on a 30-year mortgage has remained below 7% since early December. Rates eased amid expectations that inflation was cooling enough for the Fed to begin lowering its short-term interest rate by this spring. But a spate of stronger-than-expected reports on inflation, the job market and the economy in recent weeks dimmed that outlook, sending mortgage rates higher through most of February.
Many economists expect that mortgage rates will ultimately ease moderately this year, but that’s not likely to happen before the Federal Reserve begins cutting its benchmark interest rate. On Wednesday, the central bank kept its rate unchanged and signaled again that it expects to make three rate cuts this year, but not before it sees more evidence that inflation is slowing.
“The Fed’s announcement that it is holding interest rates steady for now was not unexpected, but it does mean that mortgage rates are going to remain higher for longer,” said Lisa Sturtevant, chief economist at Bright MLS.
The U.S. housing market is coming off a deep, 2-year sales slump triggered by a sharp rise in mortgage rates and a dearth of homes on the market. The overall decline in rates since their peak last fall has helped lower monthly mortgage payments, providing more financial breathing room for homebuyers facing rising prices and a shortage of homes for sale this year.
Sales of previously owned U.S. homes rose in February from the previous month to the strongest pace in a year. That followed a month-to-month home sales increase in January.
Still, the average rate on a 30-year mortgage remains well above where it was just two years ago at 4.42%. That large gap between rates now and then has helped limit the number of previously owned homes on the market by discouraging homeowners who locked in rock-bottom rates from selling.
Generally, it helps to save up to 20-25% of a house’s sales price. However, factors like geographical location, economic climate, real estate interest rates, and global events will influence how much money you’ll need to buy a house.
Key Takeaways:
An ideal down payment is 20% to 25% of a home’s value.
USDA and VA home loans traditionally don’t require down payments.
If you make a down payment below 20%, you may be required to get private mortgage insurance.
How much money do you need to buy a house? That cost depends on numerous factors like inflation and real estate trends. According to the Census, homes sold for a median price of $420,700 in January 2024.
Thankfully, you don’t need to pay off that amount all at once. A down payment that’s 20% to 25% of a home’s value can help you secure a property. Even if you don’t have the funds to make a sizeable down payment, low and no-down-payment mortgage options are available.
Below, we’ll share our expertise to help you learn all about loans and mortgage options. We’ll also answer several common questions and share helpful tools, like Credit.com’s mortgage calculator.
All Costs Associated with Buying a House
Spend enough time shopping around for houses, and you’ll learn very quickly that a property’s sales price isn’t the only expense you’ll have to pay. Below, we’ll cover down payments, earnest money deposits, and other factors that determine the real cost of a home.
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Down Payments for Different Mortgage Options
According to the United States Census Bureau, 661,000 new homes were sold in January 2023. Most homebuyers don’t pay off their properties in full from the get-go. Instead, they cover a portion of the home’s cost with a down payment, then gradually pay off the remaining value via monthly mortgage payments.
“How do home mortgage rates work?” and “What types of mortgages am I eligible for?” are common questions for first-time homebuyers.
Below, we’ll discuss four mortgage options and break down how each of them works.
1. Conventional Mortgage
A conventional loan is a mortgage option that’s offered by a private lender instead of the government. Mortgage companies, credit unions, and banks offer conventional loans, though they might require a down payment between 20% and 25% of a property’s sales price.
Lenders might request that you purchase private mortgage insurance (PMI) if your down payment is less than 20%. PMI reimburses lenders if you don’t make your mortgage payments, and borrowers will have to pay for coverage annually.
2. USDA Mortgage
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers this unique mortgage to borrowers who live in rural areas. A USDA mortgage has no down payment requirement, and its interest rate is very competitive.
To qualify for a USDA loan, you need to:
Buy an eligible property. Your potential home has to be in an eligible rural area.
Meet income guidelines. To qualify for a USDA loan, your income can’t exceed a state-specific amount.
Use the home as your primary dwelling. You have to live on the property permanently.
Be a U.S. citizen, a U.S. national, or a qualifying resident alien. Foreign nationals not authorized to remain in the United States can’t get USDA loans.
You’ll also need to meet the lender’s credit requirements. On average, a credit score of 620 or more will qualify you for a government-backed USDA loan.
3. FHA Mortgage
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) offers this distinct government-backed mortgage. Borrowers can secure an FHA mortgage with a down payment as low as 3.5%.
Borrowers with very low credit scores might be eligible for an FHA loan, at the expense of having more strict loan limits and higher up-front costs.
To get an FHA loan, you need to meet the following requirements:
Primary residence. The house associated with your loan must be your primary residence. You can’t rent it out to others for profit.
FHA maximum limit. FHA loans can only apply to properties within a set price range. In 2024, the maximum FHA loan amount is $498,257 for single-family homes.
Debt-to-income ratio. To qualify for an FHA loan, you must spend a maximum of 43% of your income on housing costs and housing-related debt.
4. VA Home Loans
Veterans Affairs (VA) loans offer low credit requirements and come with no down payment restrictions.
Certain people qualify for VA loans, including:
Service members who’ve served for at least 90 days consecutively.
Veterans who’ve served at least 181 continuous days, depending on their deployment date.
National Guard members with six years of Active Reserve status or 90 consecutive days of active duty service.
Surviving spouses of veterans, including veterans who are missing in action or being held as a prisoner of war (POW).
Earnest Money Deposit
An earnest money deposit is a payment that buyers can place to demonstrate how serious they are about obtaining a property. Earnest money deposits are normally between 1% and 3% of a property’s sales price. This deposit is not the same as a down payment.
When you make an earnest money deposit, those funds are put into an escrow account. If the seller of a property closes on a deal with you, your earnest money deposit is then added to your down payment. If the seller doesn’t close on the deal with you, it’s possible to regain your earnest money deposit if contingencies are set in place.
Several common contingencies include:
Home inspection contingency: Buyers request to have an inspection conducted on a property. If problems are discovered, buyers can back out of a deal.
Home sale contingency: Buyers who might need to sell their current home can ask for extra time.
Insurance contingency: This is for buyers who may need time to obtain home insurance for a property.
Closing Costs
Closing costs include taxes, appraisals, home inspection costs, title costs, and attorney fees. They’re generally between 3% and 6% of your mortgage principal. Your mortgage principal is the amount you borrow—so the bigger your down payment, the less you’ll pay in closing costs.
Let’s use the $200,000 home above as an example. Consider these three 4% closing cost scenarios:
Your down payment is 10%, or $20,000, leaving a mortgage principal of $180,000. Your closing costs will roughly amount to $7,200.
You offer20%, or $40,000, as your down payment. Your mortgage principal is $160,000, and you’ll pay $6,400 in closing costs.
You apply for a mortgage with no down payment, so your mortgage principal is $200,000. Ultimately, you’ll pay $8,000 in closing costs.
Home-Buying Examples
Next, we’ll show you how to determine your down payment on a home with the previous loans as examples. Let’s imagine your dream home is on the market for $200,000.
Down payments for conventional mortgages are usually $10,000 – $40,000.
USDA mortgages normally don’t require down payments.
An FHA mortgage can cost as little as $7,000.
A VA home loan also doesn’t require a down payment.
USDA and VA home loan mortgage options have the lowest up-front costs for eligible borrowers. An FHA mortgage is less costly than a conventional loan, but interest rates will affect your total payments in the long term.
Financial Resource Ideas
Making a down payment can be challenging because you need a paper trail of your purchases. In most cases, you can’t use borrowed money for a down payment.
Conversely, we know several creative ways to come up with a down payment:
Profits earned from stock or bond sales
Filing for an IRA or 401(k) withdrawal
Paying with money from your checking or savings account
Cash earned from a money market account
Using funds from your retirement account
Monetary gifts
You can roll other funds, like your tax return or a security deposit refund, into your down payment, too.
How Much Money Should I Save Before Buying a House?
It’s important to look at the big picture when buying a house. You’ll need to pull together a down payment and closing costs, but you’ll also need to budget for removal costs, inspections, and repair fees.
A tool like a monthly budget template can put your common expenses into perspective and help you better understand how much house you can afford with your current income.
When Should I Seek Mortgage Relief?
“What happens if I miss a mortgage payment?” is another concern for new and long-time homeowners. First, know that your home won’t immediately be foreclosed on if you miss a payment. Foreclosure usually isn’t imminent unless you’ve missed two or three payments.
If your mortgage payments aren’t within reach, you can contact your lender and explain your specific situation. Seeking forbearance, which is a temporary pause on your payments, can also help you regain your bearings.
Prepare to Buy a Home with Credit.com
Knowing your credit score and understanding the elements that affect it can help you know what you need to do to prepare for loan opportunities.
Sign up for Credit.com’s ExtraCredit® subscription to check out 28 of your FICO® scores. Afterward, visit our mortgage rates page to get additional information.
Filing for bankruptcy is a popular way to discharge overwhelming debt and start over financially. But just because you file for bankruptcy doesn’t mean that your responsibility for every single type of debt suddenly disappears.
Only certain types of debt qualify for discharge. Perhaps the biggest factor is the type of personal bankruptcy you choose, Chapter 7 or Chapter 13. Continue reading to find out exactly which debts qualify for each type of bankruptcy. We’ll also show you how to determine which route is best for you and your financial situation.
Overview of Debts Dischargeable Through Bankruptcy
Almost any legal debt qualifies for bankruptcy, as long as you can prove your overall financial situation makes it almost impossible for you to repay them.
Financial profiles can include any combination of consumer and non-consumer debts. A bankruptcy can result from unsuccessful investments, bad business decisions, illness, loss of employment, natural disasters, or economic downturn.
Whatever the reason, it’s your overall financial status that will determine if you qualify, not the particular debts themselves. Nevertheless, there are several categories of debts, and which type you have can affect your eligibility for debt relief.
Additionally, certain debts can’t be discharged under Chapter 7, though they can be for Chapter 13. Understanding the debt vocabulary and the different categories of debts surrounding bankruptcy will help you understand the process better. It will allow you to make a smart and informed decision about your financial future.
Identifying Different Types of Debt
The two main types to be aware of are secured debt and unsecured debt.
Secured Debt
Secured debt refers to debt that has collateral, or a physical asset behind it, including homes and cars.
These debts are secured by the value of the object being paid for, which provides security for the debt. If you default on the loan, the creditor can foreclose on your home or repossess your car to regain the amount that was lent.
Unsecured Debt
Unsecured debt is related to purely monetary loans or to debts that do not have physical collateral. This includes unsecured credit card debt and any type of cash advance or loan for a service or item that isn’t an asset.
Included in unsecured debt are medical bills, legal judgments, and credit accounts in collections. Student loan debt can also be unsecured, but often they are “guaranteed” by the government and have special rules that apply to them.
Consumer vs. Non-Consumer Debt
Another common distinction made between types of debt are consumer versus non-consumer. While this language is frequently used to discuss debts, it can be a little vague.
Generally speaking, consumer debt refers to unsecured loans and outstanding bills for things bought with disposable income. On the other hand, non-consumer debt would be debt related to the essential things like taxes, education, and housing. If you’re unsure which is which, a bankruptcy lawyer can help.
Installment Debt vs. Revolving Debt
The third debt distinction is between installment debt and revolving debt. Installment debt refers to any loan where you make regular, fixed payments on.
Revolving debt concerns debt that fluctuates, such as credit card debt, payday loans, and home equity lines of credit. Rather than having a set amount that you pay for a predetermined period of time, your monthly amount changes based on how much of your credit you’ve used.
Which debts qualify for a Chapter 7 discharge?
Chapter 7 quickly discharges most of your debts (though not all of them). However, there are several qualifications you must personally meet to file for this type of bankruptcy.
Most importantly, you must pass a “means test“. You can’t earn over a certain amount of money, which varies depending on the state you live in and how large your family is.
You also can’t have enough disposable income to cover at least part of your monthly debt payments for five years. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy is designed for people facing financial hardships. If you do end up qualifying, there are some restrictions on which of your debts may be discharged.
The debts that qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy discharge are mostly consumer and unsecured debts, with various notable exceptions. Debts that are not discharged include most secured and non-consumer debts such as your house, car, and real estate.
What debts cannot be eliminated in bankruptcy?
Other debts that are not discharged include debts for certain taxes, federal student loans, tax debts from the last four years, alimony, and child support. Criminal debts such as debts for death or personal injury caused by a D.U.I. are also not discharged under a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Most student loans: Student loan debt is generally not dischargeable in bankruptcy, meaning you’ll still be responsible for paying them back even after filing for bankruptcy.
Recent taxes: If you owe taxes to the IRS, those are typically not dischargeable in bankruptcy.
Child support and alimony: Debts for child support or alimony, or other family obligations, usually cannot be discharged in bankruptcy.
Criminal fines and restitution: If you owe money due to criminal fines, restitution or other criminal penalties, those debts cannot be discharged in bankruptcy.
Debts not listed in your bankruptcy filing: Debts you fail to list in your bankruptcy filing cannot be discharged, so it’s important to make sure you include all of your debts.
Which debts are eligible for a chapter 13 discharge?
Filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy entails undergoing a payment period that lasts between three and five years. Depending on your income and other financial obligations, you put your remaining discretionary income towards your outstanding debt.
The payments are then distributed by the bankruptcy trustee to the qualifying creditors. At the end of the payment period, those debts are considered settled. However, you typically can’t take on any additional debt, and you must live on a fixed budget.
So, what types of debts qualify? First, your unsecured debts must not exceed $394,725 and your secured debts may not exceed $1,184,200.
Qualifying debts include general unsecured claims, such as credit card debt, personal loans, medical bills, or overdue utilities. You’ll only end up paying a percentage of what you owe these types of creditors. The exact amount depends on how much you owe and how much you earn.
There are certain debts that you must pay in full, even when you file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Unsecured priority claims must be paid in full. These include debts such as income tax debts, overdue child or spousal support, and any relevant legal fees.
Secured debts such as a mortgage or car loan don’t have to be paid in full during your repayment plan period. However, you do have to keep up with your monthly payments.
If you are behind on your mortgage and facing foreclosure, you can use the repayment period to catch up on your payments and save your house. If you don’t continue making payments, however, you still run the risk of losing your home through foreclosure.
How to Determine If Your Debts Are Eligible for Bankruptcy Discharge
An interview with a bankruptcy attorney is also very useful. Researching the process is a good way to get started exploring debt discharges. But, it’s always wise to ask a professional to look at your personal financial situation to find out what you actually qualify for.
Take advantage of your own knowledge plus advice from the experts to make an informed decision about filing bankruptcy.
I like interesting stories and I like interesting houses. I also like to believe I tell the former and have the latter. (Don’t we all?) So, when a book titled “Authentic Interiors: Rooms That Tell Stories” (Gibbs Smith, March 2024) hit my radar, I thought, “Shazam! My worlds collide!”
I dove into the 224-page, picture-rich hardcover, then rang up the author, interior designer Philip Gorrivan, to see if I could divine the secret to designing rooms that tell not just stories, but our stories. (Face it. Despite what they say, a lot of designers tell their stories.)
In his introduction, Gorrivan cites the 20th-century designer David Hicks who said, “The best rooms have something to say about the people who live in them.” The book then goes on to feature 14 client-inspired projects including the author’s own house.
“If you’re going to design your home, whether a grand house or a shoebox apartment, whatever the budget, make sure your interior space is an extension of who you are,” he said. “This, after all, is where you come home, sleep and live.”
Few would disagree. However, this is one of those easy-to-say, harder-to-do design maxims. In the wrong hands, the result could be ghastly. Some people’s stories just aren’t pretty. I turned to the pages for clues. For one couple — a screenwriter and newspaper editor — Gorrivan used posterized black-and-white images of famous faces. For a Brazilian couple’s New York apartment, he incorporated saturated tones from the tropical rain forest, painting walls in a lacquered emerald and incorporating fuchsia furnishings.
As with any author I interview, but especially this one, I was curious to learn the writer’s story. Where is he coming from? So, I asked Gorrivan, who has a house in Connecticut and an apartment in Manhattan, that and a few more questions:
Marni:Before we talk about other people’s stories, what’s yours? What was your early home like?
Philip: Because my parents had different interests, our house was a mix of antiques and modern furnishings. It was by no means “decorated.” We lived in Portland, Maine, where we had these long bleak winters. My family had this old farmhouse, which became a repository for family hand-me-downs and heirlooms. To amuse myself, I spent hours exploring all these pieces. I became visually tuned into furniture at a young age. I may have been the first 10-year-old to ask for a subscription to Architectural Digest.
Q: Interior design wasn’t your first career. When and why did you switch?
A: After college, I worked in sales, got married, had children and was working to pay the bills. When 9/11 hit, we were living in New York. It made me rethink everything. I decided then to do what I loved. I went to work for an interior design firm to learn the ropes, and after two years went out on my own. My break came when House & Gardens magazine asked me to design a room for a show home they were putting together. They had one room left, a 12-by-8-foot laundry room, the smallest room in the house. I made the most of it.
Q: Although your rooms tell your clients’ stories, you clearly have a signature look. How would you describe it?
A: I come from a love of textiles and fabrics, color and pattern. I like to align with great design firms of the 20th century to create a look I call classic modern, a mix of periods that speak to both the home and the homeowner.
Q: Color indeed! Not everyone can pull off Chinese red lacquered walls.
A: While I have a lot of respect for neutrals and earth tones, I especially like mixing in strong color. Color is powerful and transformative. The chapter titled “Reinvention,” for example, features a New York apartment we made over after the owner got divorced. He was living in the same place he’d shared with his ex-wife and wanted it to feel completely different. Painting the walls bright spring green felt like a new beginning.
Q:Beautiful interior design books cover coffee tables everywhere. Why another one? How is your book different?
A: The word “authentic” is in the title because it’s important to me. We see a lot of pastiche in the design world, where designers copy and paste the work of others. Authenticity is critical in any creative endeavor. I wanted to convey that and emphasize that a successful interior should speak to the architecture of the house or apartment, to the surrounding geography, and ultimately to the homeowner.
Q:What if the homeowner is a couple with different interests and tastes?
A: Every couple disagrees on looks. We negotiate. A successful home design includes elements that reflect all inhabitants, which ultimately makes the interior even more unique.
Q:What makes you cringe when you walk into some homes?
A: Furnishings that are totally out of scale. A sofa that is way too big or art that is too small can ruin a room.
Q:How can we inject our story into our homes, whether that reflects our professions, interests or heritage?
A: Think of what you love and want to surround yourself with: your children, your pets, your travels, your roots. It may not be your profession. Some clients don’t want any reminders of their work once they get home. And you’d be surprised how many want to decorate using the colors of their favorite sports team. Heritage also matters. I always want to know where my clients grew up.
Q:What do you want readers to take away?
A: Though the book is filled with pictures, I hope readers look at the words, too. I hope they read the different stories and see how stories can come alive in design. I hope they see how the best designs come from the inside out, and come away thinking, maybe I can do this, too?
Marni Jameson is the author of seven books including the newly released Rightsize Today to Create Your Best Life Tomorrow, What to Do With Everything You Own to Leave the Legacy You Want.
“Authentic Interiors” by Philip Gorrivan (Gibbs Smith, March 2024, $45, 224 pages) “provides much to savor,” says Publishers Weekly. Photo courtesy Gibbs Smith. (Handout via Marni Jameson)