The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
A hard credit inquiry occurs when lenders look at your credit score after you apply for new credit. This process can temporarily reduce your score by a small amount. Inquiries can stay on your credit report for up to two years, but they typically only impact your score for the first six to 12 months.
If you’re wondering “what is a hard inquiry on my credit?” here’s a quick breakdown: a hard inquiry, also known as a “hard pull,” occurs when a potential lender reviews your credit report after you apply for new credit.
There are two types of credit inquiries: hard inquiries and soft inquiries. Hard inquiries stay on your credit report for up to two years and temporarily hurt your score, while soft inquiries have no impact.
Below, we’ll explore the nuances of hard credit inquiries and explain how credit repair services can help you improve your credit after it takes a hit.
Key takeaways:
Hard credit inquiries will cause your score to briefly dip.
Inquiries will stay on your credit report for 2 years, though they only affect your score for about 12 months.
FICO® will usually lump multiple inquiries of the same type together if they occur within a window of 14 to 45 days.
Table of contents:
What is a hard credit inquiry?
A hard credit inquiry is a formal request by another party to review your credit report. These requests usually come from potential lenders who want to vet your credit history before agreeing to offer you a loan. The process of looking into your credit report generates a hard inquiry.
Creditors do this to check that your credit profile meets their requirements and to look for negative items on your report, like late payments or charge-offs. The more negative items that appear on your credit report, the less likely you are to get approved for new loans or credit cards.
Hard inquiries typically occur when applying for:
Credit cards
Auto loans
Student loans
Personal loans
Mortgages
Apartment rentals
New phone or utility applications
What is a soft credit inquiry?
A soft credit inquiry is a check into your credit report that will not affect your credit score. While hard inquiries are thorough reviews of your credit history, soft inquiries are partial reviews that aren’t as extensive. For example, soft pull credit cards are typically sent in the mail by lenders who’ve already reviewed your report and preapproved you.
Soft inquiries typically occur when:
You access your credit report
You are preapproved for a credit card without request
A potential employer performs a background check
You apply for certain utilities and services
How much does a hard inquiry affect your credit score?
Typically, a single hard inquiry will not majorly impact your credit score. For example, one hard inquiry will usually decrease your credit score by a small amount, such as five to 10 points or less. When thinking about what affects your credit score, keep this in mind: new credit makes up 10 percent of your FICO credit score.
A hard credit inquiry impacts your credit score based on your credit history. FICO will usually lump multiple inquiries of the same type together if they occur within two weeks to 45 days, depending on the exact model being used. But be careful about applying for different kinds of credit in a short time span.
Hard inquiries may have a greater effect on your credit score if:
You have few or no credit accounts
You have a short credit history
You authorize many different inquiries within a short time
When do hard inquiries fall off your credit report?
A hard inquiry will stay on your credit report for two years, though it only usually impacts your credit score for about 12 months. Inquiries within the past six months affect your credit the most.
If your credit history is substantial, a few hard inquiries on your credit report will not likely have a significant impact over the two years they are on your account.
How to remove a hard inquiry from your credit report
Credit bureaus cannot remove accurate, authorized inquiries. However, you can dispute inaccurate information and unauthorized inquiries with the credit bureaus. Federal law will support credit disputes against inaccurate or suspicious information on your credit report.
Here is how you can initiate this process:
Frequently review your credit reports and challenge inaccurate or unfair items. In some cases, unauthorized hard inquiries could signal that you’ve experienced identity theft.
Write letters to credit bureaus. This is one of the first steps in the credit inquiry removal process. List all relevant information about the hard inquiry, including the date it occurred.
Wait for credit bureaus to investigate your dispute. Hard inquiries will be removed from your report if the credit bureau determines that an error has been made, which could help improve your credit.
You can contact the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for issues concerning your credit reports, including the dispute of a hard inquiry.
Can you avoid hard credit inquiries?
It is difficult to avoid hard credit inquiries if you apply for a loan or credit card. However, hard inquiries generally don’t significantly impact your credit, so don’t let them worry you too much.
If you want to improve your credit after it has been affected by a hard inquiry, consider focusing on the other factors that play a role in determining your credit health. These factors include your payment history, your credit usage, the length of your credit history and your credit mix.
It may be easier to improve your credit by paying your bills on time, monitoring your credit card balances and clearing any collection accounts that may appear on your credit report rather than trying to avoid credit inquiries.
Work to recover from hard inquiries with Lexington Law Firm
Our credit scores can fluctuate vastly over time, but recovering from a hit is possible. Consider using our services to help you challenge inaccurate, unfair or invalid items with Experian®, Equifax® and TransUnion®. We can also help you learn more about responsible credit management to maintain your credit health moving forward.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Brittany Sifontes
Attorney
Prior to joining Lexington, Brittany practiced a mix of criminal law and family law.
Brittany began her legal career at the Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office, and then moved into private practice. Brittany represented clients with charges ranging from drug sales, to sexual related offenses, to homicides. Brittany appeared in several hundred criminal court hearings, including felony and misdemeanor trials, evidentiary hearings, and pretrial hearings. In addition to criminal cases, Brittany also represented persons and families in a variety of family court matters including dissolution of marriage, legal separation, child support, paternity, parenting time, legal decision-making (formerly “custody”), spousal maintenance, modifications and enforcement of existing orders, relocation, and orders of protection. As a result, Brittany has extensive courtroom experience. Brittany attended the University of Colorado at Boulder for her undergraduate degree and attended Arizona Summit Law School for her law degree. At Arizona Summit Law school, Brittany graduated Summa Cum Laude and ranked 11th in her graduating class.
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
American spending habits fluctuate by generation. In 2023, Gen Z spent most of their money on food and clothes while baby boomers prioritized healthcare.
American spending habits fluctuate based on factors like the economy, average cost of living and global events. Interestingly, spending trends don’t always move in predictable patterns—NPR reported elevated spending in 2023 despite rising inflation costs.
Here, we’ll review American spending habits to paint a clearer picture of our potential expenses in the near future. We’ll also share personal finance resources that can help you refine your budget and reach your savings goals.
Table of contents:
Overview of American spending habits
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Americans spent an average of $72,967 in 2022. This number suggests a 9 percent increase in American spending habits from 2021 (wherein the average annual expenditure was $66,400) to 2022. How much we spend makes a lot more sense when we break down what exactly our money is going toward.
What do Americans spend the most money on?
Expenditure
Cost
Housing
$24,298
Transportation
$12,295
Food
$9,343
Personal Insurance and Pensions
$8,742
Healthcare
$5,850
Entertainment
$3,458
All Other Expenditures
$2,080
Cash Contributions
$2,755
Apparel and Services
$1,945
Education
$1,335
Personal Care Products and Services
$866
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
In 2022, the BLS noted a 7.5 percent increase in income to coincide with a 9 percent increase in expenditures. Among the different categories, spending on food increased by 12.7 percent from 2021 to 2022. Vehicle purchases and entertainment expenses dropped by 6.9 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively.
These numbers fluctuate depending on the circumstances of a particular household. For example, the BLS found that 39.4 percent of a one-person household’s expenses go toward housing costs, while 32.1 percent of a two-person household’s funds are spent on housing.
To better understand American spending habits, we can examine the average expenditures of various groups based on factors such as age and education.
Teen spending habits
According to the United States Census Bureau, more than 43 million teenagers live in America. Gaining a better understanding of teen spending habits is important, as teens spend about $63 billion each year.
More than 50 percent of young adults (16 to 24) were employed in 2023. Some of the top brands that teens spend their new income on include Chick-fil-A, Netflix and Snapchat. In 2024, the BLS anticipates that more teenagers will prioritize school attendance over traditional means of employment—which could affect where and how often they’re spending money.
College student spending habits
College student spending habits fluctuate as changes to the American education system become more widespread. Four years in college is no longer the norm—many students take anywhere between an extra semester to a few extra years to graduate. This extra time incurs additional costs (like tuition and rent) that impact spending habits.
In addition to money spent on tuition, college students are purchasing new tech, tickets to festivals and events and lots of food. Older students with more life experience also have to balance school expenses with other mandatory purchases like groceries for the household.
Gen Z spending habits
Generation Z includes anyone born between 1997 and 2012. Gen Z spending habits reportedly differ even more than their older millennial counterparts. This generation grew up completely immersed in the digital era and is very likely to shop online.
A 2021 study by Elmira Djafarova and Tamar Bowes found that 41 percent of Gen Zers are impulse buyers. Quality and value are of the utmost importance to this generation. They may be quick to switch brands if they believe they’re getting better overall value from a different company.
Millennial spending habits
Millennials are generally defined as the generation born between 1981 and 1996. This group is known for making financial decisions that are strikingly different from those that came before them.
Millennial spending habits include increased online shopping, a preference for experiences over material things and an openness to generic brands if the choice saves money.
Baby boomer spending habits
Baby boomers are those born between 1946 and 1964. This group is filled with people who are close to or already in their retirement years. In contrast to their parents, who were born in the Great Depression, boomers expect to have a fun retirement.
They’re looking forward to experiencing new places and trying new things. However, many baby boomers are facing retirement issues due to a lack of savings and mounting debt. Despite it all, baby boomer spending habits indicate that this generation holds more than 50 percent of the wealth in the United States.
Enhance your credit with Lexington Law Firm
American spending habits can fluctuate based on a person’s background, but credit scores impact all of us in many ways. At Lexington Law Firm, we can help you understand the nuances of credit. Get your free credit snapshot now to see your credit score and get a free credit assessment to help you get started.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Alexis Peacock
Supervising Attorney
Alexis Peacock was born in Santa Cruz, California and raised in Scottsdale, Arizona.
In 2013, she earned her Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice and Criminology, graduating cum laude from Arizona State University. Ms. Peacock received her Juris Doctor from Arizona Summit Law School and graduated in 2016. Prior to joining Lexington Law Firm, Ms. Peacock worked in Criminal Defense as both a paralegal and practicing attorney. Ms. Peacock represented clients in criminal matters varying from minor traffic infractions to serious felony cases. Alexis is licensed to practice law in Arizona. She is located in the Phoenix office.
Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. Commissions do not affect our editors’ opinions or evaluations.
As we head into peak home-buying season, signs of life have begun to spring up in the housing market.
Even so, still-high mortgage rates and home prices amid historically low housing stock continue to put homeownership out of reach for many.
Moreover, the National Association of Realtors agreed to a monumental $418 million settlement on March 15 following a verdict favoring home sellers in a class action lawsuit. Still subject to court approval, the settlement requires changes to broker commissions that will upend the buying and selling model that has been in place for years.
Housing Market Forecast for 2024
Elevated mortgage rates, out-of-reach home prices and record-low housing stock are the perennial weeds that experts say hopeful home buyers can expect to contend with this spring—and beyond.
“The housing market is likely to continue to face the dual affordability constraints of high home prices and elevated interest rates in 2024,” said Doug Duncan, senior vice president and chief economist at Fannie Mae, in an emailed statement. “Hotter-than-expected inflation data and strong payroll numbers are likely to apply more upward pressure to mortgage rates this year than we’d previously forecast.”
Despite ongoing affordability hurdles, Fannie Mae forecasts an increase in home sales transactions compared to last year. Experts also anticipate a slower rise in home prices this year compared to recent years, but price fluctuations will continue to vary regionally and depend strongly on local market supply.
U.S. home prices declined in January for the third consecutive month due to high borrowing costs, according to the latest S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller Home Price Index. But prices year-over-year jumped 6%—the fastest annual rate since 2022.
Chief economist at First American Financial Corporation Mark Fleming predicts a “flat stretch” ahead.
“If the 2020-2021 housing market was too hot, then the 2023 market was probably too cold, but 2024 won’t yet be just right,” Fleming said in his 2024 forecast.
Will the Housing Market Finally Recover in 2024?
For a housing recovery to occur, several conditions must unfold.
“For the best possible outcome, we’d first need to see inventories of homes for sale turn considerably higher,” says Keith Gumbinger, vice president at online mortgage company HSH.com. “This additional inventory, in turn, would ease the upward pressure on home prices, leveling them off or perhaps helping them to settle back somewhat from peak or near-peak levels.”
And, of course, mortgage rates would need to cool off—which experts say is imminent despite rates edging back up toward 7%. For the week ending April 11, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate stood at 6.88%, according to Freddie Mac.
However, when mortgage rates finally go on the descent, Gumbinger says don’t hope they cool too quickly. Rapidly falling rates could create a surge of demand that wipes away any inventory gains, causing home prices to rebound.
“Better that rate reductions happen at a metered pace, incrementally improving buyer opportunities over a stretch of time, rather than all at once,” Gumbinger says.
He adds that mortgage rates returning to a more “normal” upper 4% to lower 5% range would also help the housing market, over time, return to 2014-2019 levels. Yet, Gumbinger predicts it could be a while before we return to those rates.
Nonetheless, Kuba Jewgieniew, CEO of Realty ONE Group, a real estate brokerage company, is optimistic about a recovery this year.
“[W]e’re definitely looking forward to a better housing market in 2024 as interest rates start to settle around 6% or even lower,” says Jewgieniew.
NAR Settlement Rocks the Residential Real Estate Industry
Following years of litigation, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) has agreed to pay $418 million to settle a series of antitrust lawsuits filed in 2019 on behalf of home sellers.
The plaintiffs claimed that the leading national trade association for real estate brokers and agents “conspired to require home sellers to pay the broker representing the buyer of their homes in violation of federal antitrust law.”
Though the landmark settlement is subject to court approval, most consider it a done deal.
The settlement requires NAR to enact new rules, including prohibiting offers of broker compensation on multiple listing services (MLS), the private databases that allow local real estate brokers to publish and share information about residential property listings. The rule is set to take effect in mid-July, once the settlement receives judge approval.
Moreover, sellers will no longer be required to pay buyer broker commissions and real estate agents participating in the MLS must establish written representation agreements with their buyer clients.
NAR denies any wrongdoing and maintains that its current policies benefit buyers and sellers. The organization believes it’s not liable for seller claims related to broker commissions, stating that it has never set commissions and that commissions have always been negotiable.
How Will the New Rules Impact the Buying and Selling Process?
Per the settlement’s terms, the costs associated with buying and selling a home are set to change dramatically.
“The primary things that will change are the decoupling of the seller commission and the buyer commission in the MLS,” says Rita Gibbs, a Realtor at Realty One Group Integrity in Tucson. “It’s gonna cause some chaos.”
While sellers will no longer be able to offer broker compensation in the MLS, there’s no rule prohibiting off-MLS negotiations. Because of this, Gibbs suspects buyers and sellers will continue offering broker compensation off the MLS.
The Department of Justice confirmed it will permit listing brokers to display compensation details on their websites. However, buyer agents will need to undergo the tedious task of visiting countless broker websites to find who’s offering what.
Michael Gorkowski, a Virginia-based real estate agent with Compass, is also trying to figure out how to manage the potential ruling.
“We often work with buyers for many months and sometimes years before they find exactly what they’re looking for,” Gorkowski says. “So in a case where a seller isn’t offering a co-broker commission, we will have to negotiate that the buyer pays an agreed-upon commission prior to starting their search.”
The Changes Will Impact These Home Buyers Most
“In the short term, it is absolutely going to injure buyers, especially FHA and VA buyers,” Gibbs says. “With rare exception, these buyers are not in a position to pay for their own agent.”
Gibbs says that if sellers don’t offer compensation, many buyers who can’t otherwise afford to pay a broker will choose to go unrepresented.
Gorkowski notes that veterans taking out VA loans face a unique challenge under the new rules. “[P]er the VA requirements, buyers cannot pay so it must be negotiated with the seller for now.”
As a result, NAR is calling on the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to revise its policies prohibiting VA buyers from paying broker commissions. Even so, there’s skepticism that the federal government will be able to implement changes in time for the July deadline.
Gibbs and Gorkowski are among the many agents especially concerned about first-time home buyers. After July, first-time and VA buyers will be required to sign a buyer-broker agreement stating that they will compensate their broker—but Gibbs says many won’t have the means to do so.
In this situation, agents would likely only show buyers homes where sellers are offering compensation.
“This is a very troubling situation,” Gorkowski says.
Housing Inventory Forecast for 2024
With many homeowners “locked in” at ultra-low interest rates or unwilling to sell due to high home prices, demand continues to outpace housing supply—and likely will for a while—even as some homeowners may finally be forced to sell due to major life events such as divorce, job changes or a growing family.
“I don’t expect to see a meaningful increase in the supply of existing homes for sale until mortgage rates are back down in the low 5% range, so probably not in 2024,” says Rick Sharga, founder and CEO of CJ Patrick Company, a market intelligence and business advisory firm.
Housing stock remains near historic lows—especially entry-level supply—which has propped up demand and sustained ultra-high home prices. Here’s what the latest home values look like around the country.
Yet, some hopeful housing stock signs have begun to sprout:
Existing inventory is showing signs of loosening as impatient buyers and sellers have begun to accept the reality of mortgage rates oscillating between 6% and 7%.
Home-builder outlook also continues to get sunnier, trending back up amid declining mortgage rates and better building conditions.
The most recent National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI), which tracks builder sentiment, saw a fourth consecutive monthly rise, surpassing a crucial threshold with an increase from 48 to 51 in March. A reading of 50 or above means more builders see good conditions ahead for new construction.
At the same time, new single-family building permits ticked up 1% in February—the 13th consecutive monthly increase—according to the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Residential Real Estate Stats: Existing, New and Pending Home Sales
Though some housing market data indicates signs of growth are in store this spring home-buying season, persistently high mortgage rates may hinder activity from fully flourishing.
Here’s what the latest home sales data has to say.
Existing-Home Sales
Existing-home sales came to life in February, shooting up 9.5% from the month before, according to the latest data from the NAR. Sales dipped 3.3% from a year ago.
Experts attribute the monthly jump to a bump in inventory.
“Additional housing supply is helping to satisfy market demand,” said Lawrence Yun, chief economist at NAR, in the report.
Existing inventory rose 5.9%—logging 1.07 million unsold homes at the end of February. However, there are still only 2.9 months of inventory at the current sales pace. Most experts consider a balanced market falling between four and six months.
Meanwhile, existing home prices continue to soar to unprecedented heights, reaching $384,500, which marks the eighth consecutive month of yearly price increases and a February median home price record.
New Home Sales
Sales of newly constructed single-family houses ticked down by a nominal 0.3% compared to January, but outpaced February 2023 sales by 5.9%, according to the latest U.S. Census Bureau and HUD data.
Amid a high percentage of homeowners still locked in to low mortgage rates, home builders have been picking up the slack.
“New construction continues to be an outsized share of the housing inventory,” said Dr. Lisa Sturtevant, chief economist at Bright MLS, in an emailed statement.
Sturtevant notes that declining new home prices are coming amid a recent trend of builders introducing smaller and more affordable homes to the market.
The median price for a new home in February was $400,500, down 7.6% from a year ago.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Pending Home Sales
NAR’s Pending Homes Sales Index rose 1.6% in February from the month prior even as mortgage rates approached 7% by the end of the month. Pending transactions declined 7% year-over-year.
A pending home sale marks the point in the home sales transaction when the buyer and seller agree on price and terms. Pending home sales are considered a leading indicator of future closed sales.
The Midwest and South saw monthly transaction gains while the Northeast and West saw declines due to affordability challenges in those higher-cost regions.
“While modest sales growth might not stir excitement, it shows slow and steady progress from the lows of late last year,” said Yun, in the report.
Ongoing Affordability Challenges Could Throw Cold Water on Spring Home-Buying Hopes
Though down from its 2023 high of 7.79%, the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate in 2024 remains well over 6% amid rising home values. As a result, home buyers continue to face affordability challenges.
According to data from its first-quarter 2024 U.S. Home Affordability Report, property data provider Attom found that median-priced single-family homes remain less affordable than the historical average in over 95% of U.S. counties.
For one, the data uncovered that expenses are eating up more than 32% of the average national wage. Common lending guidelines require monthly mortgage payments, property taxes and homeowners insurance to comprise 28% or less of your gross income.
At the same time, home prices and homeownership expenses continue to outpace wage growth.
Consequently, the latest expense-to-wage ratio is hovering at one of the highest points over the past decade, according to the Attom report, despite some slight affordability improvements over the last two quarters.
“Affording a home remains a financial stretch, or a pipe dream, for so many households,” said Rob Barber, CEO at Attom.
Pro Tips for Buyers and Sellers
Here are some expert tips to increase your chances for an optimal outcome in this tight housing market.
Pro Tips for Buying in Today’s Real Estate Market
Hannah Jones, a senior economic research analyst at Realtor.com, offers this expert advice to aspiring buyers:
Know your budget. Instead of focusing on price, figure out how much you can afford as a monthly payment. Your monthly housing payment is influenced by the price of the home, your down payment, mortgage rate, loan term, home insurance and property taxes.
Be flexible about home size and location. Perhaps your budget is sufficient for a small home in your perfect neighborhood, or a larger, newer home further out. Understanding your priorities and having some flexibility can help you move quickly when a suitable home enters the market.
Keep an eye on the market where you hope to buy. Determine the area’s available inventory and price levels. Also, pay attention to how quickly homes sell. Not only will you be tuned in when something great hits the market, you can feel more confident moving forward with purchasing a well-priced home. A real estate agent can help with this.
Don’t be discouraged. Purchasing a home is one of the largest financial decisions you’ll ever make. Approaching the market confidently, armed with good information and grounded expectations will take you far. Don’t let the hustle of the market convince you to buy something that’s not in your budget, or not right for your lifestyle.
Pro Tips for Selling in Today’s Real Estate Market
Gary Ashton, founder of The Ashton Real Estate Group of RE/MAX Advantage, has this expert advice for sellers:
Research comparable home prices in your area. Sellers need to have the most up-to-date pricing intel on comparable homes selling in their market. Know the market competition and price the home competitively. In addition, understand that in some price points it’s a buyer’s market—you’ll need to be prepared to make some concessions.
Make sure your home is in top-notch shape. Homes need to be in great condition to compete and create a strong “online curb appeal.” Well-maintained homes and attractive front yards are major features that buyers look for.
Work with a local real estate agent. A real estate agent or team with a strong local marketing presence and access to major real estate portals can offer significant value and help you land a great deal.
Don’t put off issues that require attention. Prepare the home by making any repairs or improvements. Removing any objections that buyers may see helps focus the buyer on the positive attributes of the home.
Will the Housing Market Crash in 2024?
Despite some areas of the country experiencing monthly price declines, the likelihood of a housing market crash—a rapid drop in unsustainably high home prices due to waning demand—remains low for 2024.
“[T]he record low supply of houses on the market protects against a market crash,” says Tom Hutchens, executive vice president of production at Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions, a non-QM lender.
Moreover, experts point out that today’s homeowners stand on much more secure footing than those coming out of the 2008 financial crisis, with many borrowers having substantial home equity.
“In 2024, I expect we’ll see home appreciation take a step back but not plummet,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
This outlook aligns with what other housing market watchers expect.
“Comerica forecasts that national house prices will rise 2.9% in 2024,” said Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica Bank, in an emailed statement.
Divounguy also notes that several factors, including Millennials entering their prime home-buying years, wage growth and financial wealth are tailwinds that will sustain housing demand in 2024.
Even so, with fewer homes selling, Dan Hnatkovskyy, co-founder and CEO of NewHomesMate, a marketplace for new construction homes, sees a price collapse within the realm of possibility, especially in markets where real estate investors scooped up numerous properties.
“If something pushes that over the edge, the consequences could be severe,” said Hnatkovskyy, in an emailed statement.
Will Foreclosures Increase in 2024?
In February, total foreclosure filings were down 1% from the previous month but up 8% from a year ago, according to Attom.
“These trends could signify evolving financial landscapes for homeowners, prompting adjustments in market strategies and lending practices,” said Barber, in a report.
Lenders began foreclosure on 22,575 properties in February, up 4% from the previous month and 11% from a year ago. Meanwhile, real estate-owned properties, or REOs, which are homes unsold at foreclosure auctions and taken over by lenders, spiked year-over-year in three states: South Carolina (up 51%), Missouri (up 50%) and Pennsylvania (up 46%).
Despite foreclosure activity trending up nationally and certain areas of the country seeing notable annual increases in REOs, experts generally don’t expect to see a wave of foreclosures in 2024.
“Foreclosure activity is still only at about 60% of pre-pandemic levels … and isn’t likely to be back to 2019 numbers until sometime in mid-to-late 2024,” says Sharga.
The biggest reasons for this, Sharga explains, are the strength of the economy—we’re still seeing low unemployment and steady wage growth—along with excellent loan quality.
Massive home price growth in homeowner equity over the past few years has also helped reduce foreclosures.
Sharga says that some 80% of today’s homeowners have more than 20% equity in their property. So, while there may be more foreclosure starts in 2024—due in part to Covid-era mortgage relief programs phasing out—foreclosure auctions and lender repossessions should remain below 2019 levels.
When Will Be the Best Time To Buy a Home in 2024?
Buying a house—in any market—is a highly personal decision. Because homes represent the largest single purchase most people will make in their lifetime, it’s crucial to be in a solid financial position before diving in.
Use a mortgage calculator to estimate your monthly housing costs based on your down. But if you’re trying to predict what might happen next year, experts say this is probably not the best home-buying strategy.
“The housing market—like so many other markets—is almost impossible to time,“ Divounguy says. “The best time for prospective buyers is when they find a home that they like, that meets their family’s current and foreseeable needs and that they can afford.”
Gumbinger agrees it’s hard to tell would-be homeowners to wait for better conditions.
“More often, it seems the case that home prices generally keep rising, so the goalposts for amassing a down payment keep moving, and there’s no guarantee that tomorrow’s conditions will be all that much better in the aggregate than today’s.”
Divounguy says “getting on the housing ladder” is worthwhile to begin building equity and net worth.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Will declining mortgage rates cause home prices to rise?
Declining mortgage rates will likely incentivize would-be buyers anxious to own a home to jump into the market. Expect this increased demand amid today’s tight housing supply to put upward pressure on home prices.
What will happen if the housing market crashes?
Most experts do not expect a housing market crash in 2024 since many homeowners have built up significant equity in their homes. The issue is primarily an affordability crisis. High interest rates and inflated home values have made purchasing a home challenging for first-time homebuyers.
Is it smart to buy real estate before a recession?
If you’re in a financial position to buy a home you plan to live in for the long term, it won’t matter when you buy it because you will live in it through economic highs and lows. However, if you are looking to buy real estate as a short-term investment, it will come with more risk if you buy at the height before a recession.
The median annual salary for detectives is $52,120 for the most recent year reviewed, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
This can be an exciting career for many people. Is there anything quite as satisfying as solving a big mystery? For anyone who is passionate about putting the puzzle pieces together until they discover the truth, working as a detective could be a dream job.
Read on to learn more about this career path. In addition to how much a detective makes a year, you can find out about the responsibilities and benefits involved.
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Track your credit score for free. Sign up and get $10.*
What Are Detectives?
Working as a private detective involves searching and piecing together financial, legal, and personal matters to help get to the root of an unanswered question. For example, private detectives can help find missing persons or investigate cybercrimes. Here’s a quick breakdown of some common on-the-job responsibilities that detectives tackle on a daily basis:
• Conduct interviews to help collect information
• Pursue evidence
• Review civil judgments and criminal history
• Plan and execute surveillance
• Search records (court, public, and online).
Some private detectives work for themselves and offer their services to a variety of clients, whereas others work for businesses, like law firms.
Regardless of where one works, being a detective can involve a good number of interviews and interpersonal interaction. For this reason, it may not be a good job for antisocial people. 💡 Quick Tip: Online tools make tracking your spending a breeze: You can easily set up budgets, then get instant updates on your progress, spot upcoming bills, analyze your spending habits, and more.
How Much Do Starting Detectives Make a Year?
In the early days of their career, detectives can expect to earn less until they gain more experience and a strong reputation for their sleuthing skills. When it comes to entry-level detective work, competitive pay can be fairly low. The lowest 10% of detective earners made less than $33,710 per year.
However, there is considerable room for improvement when it comes to salary for this role. The highest 10% earn more than $92,660 annually. This indicates that it can be possible to earn $100,000 per year as a detective.
Recommended: Work-at-Home Jobs for Retirees
What is the Average Salary for a Detective?
Some detectives earn an annual salary (a median of $52,120), but others earn an hourly wage. How much does a detective make an hour? The median hourly wage is $25.06.
How much someone earns on average working as a detective can vary based on where they live and the industry they work in. When it comes to working in different industries, these are the median annual wages for detectives in a few different industries for the most recent year available:
• Government: $64,220
• Professional, scientific, and technical services: $61,280
• Investigation, guard, and armored car services: $47,280
• Retail trade: $37,290
The state someone works in also plays a big role in their earning potential. The following table highlights how average detective wages can vary by state, with salaries listed from highest to lowest.
What is the Average Detective Salary by State for 2023
State
Annual Salary
Monthly Pay
Weekly Pay
Hourly Wage
Wisconsin
$68,202
$5,683
$1,311
$32.79
Alaska
$66,013
$5,501
$1,269
$31.74
Massachusetts
$65,834
$5,486
$1,266
$31.65
Oregon
$65,791
$5,482
$1,265
$31.63
New Mexico
$65,593
$5,466
$1,261
$31.54
North Dakota
$65,592
$5,466
$1,261
$31.53
Washington
$65,380
$5,448
$1,257
$31.43
Minnesota
$64,657
$5,388
$1,243
$31.09
Hawaii
$64,277
$5,356
$1,236
$30.90
Ohio
$63,203
$5,266
$1,215
$30.39
Colorado
$62,621
$5,218
$1,204
$30.11
Nevada
$62,417
$5,201
$1,200
$30.01
South Dakota
$61,992
$5,166
$1,192
$29.80
New York
$61,597
$5,133
$1,184
$29.61
Iowa
$61,016
$5,084
$1,173
$29.33
Rhode Island
$60,938
$5,078
$1,171
$29.30
Connecticut
$60,392
$5,032
$1,161
$29.03
Tennessee
$60,347
$5,028
$1,160
$29.01
Vermont
$60,038
$5,003
$1,154
$28.86
Utah
$59,824
$4,985
$1,150
$28.76
Mississippi
$59,304
$4,942
$1,140
$28.51
Delaware
$59,138
$4,928
$1,137
$28.43
Virginia
$58,393
$4,866
$1,122
$28.07
Illinois
$57,890
$4,824
$1,113
$27.83
Maryland
$57,300
$4,775
$1,101
$27.55
New Jersey
$56,643
$4,720
$1,089
$27.23
California
$56,576
$4,714
$1,088
$27.20
Louisiana
$56,450
$4,704
$1,085
$27.14
Pennsylvania
$56,431
$4,702
$1,085
$27.13
Nebraska
$56,157
$4,679
$1,079
$27.00
Kansas
$55,812
$4,651
$1,073
$26.83
Missouri
$55,599
$4,633
$1,069
$26.73
Maine
$55,350
$4,612
$1,064
$26.61
South Carolina
$55,077
$4,589
$1,059
$26.48
New Hampshire
$54,828
$4,569
$1,054
$26.36
Oklahoma
$54,383
$4,531
$1,045
$26.15
Idaho
$54,051
$4,504
$1,039
$25.99
Wyoming
$54,049
$4,504
$1,039
$25.99
North Carolina
$53,940
$4,495
$1,037
$25.93
Texas
$53,624
$4,468
$1,031
$25.78
Indiana
$53,401
$4,450
$1,026
$25.67
Arizona
$52,297
$4,358
$1,005
$25.14
Kentucky
$52,131
$4,344
$1,002
$25.06
Michigan
$51,864
$4,322
$997
$24.94
Montana
$51,509
$4,292
$990
$24.76
Alabama
$50,866
$4,238
$978
$24.46
Arkansas
$49,398
$4,116
$949
$23.75
Georgia
$47,386
$3,948
$911
$22.78
West Virginia
$43,583
$3,631
$838
$20.95
Florida
$41,937
$3,494
$806
$20.16
Source: ZipRecruiter
💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.
Detective Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits
Detectives who work for businesses such as large corporations or law firms on a full-time basis often receive employer-sponsored benefits as a part of their compensation package. These benefits can include paid time off, retirement accounts with employer contribution matches, and health insurance.
However, many detectives work on a part-time basis or are self-employed and then are on the hook for supplying their own benefits which can be quite expensive.
Recommended: The Highest Paying Jobs in the US
Pros and Cons of Detective Salary
Detectives can earn a very good salary, and the work can be very interesting.
However, the tradeoff may not be worth it for some. Working as a detective often involves long and varied hours due to the nature of their work — especially when they are conducting surveillance. Some people may find that working on weekends, nights, or holidays isn’t worth the salary. It simply may not align with their career goals and the desired work-life balance.
The Takeaway
Skilled detectives stand to earn a lot of money (close to six figures) as they work their way up in their industry. This can be a very exciting, but also extremely demanding role.
With SoFi, you can keep tabs on how your money comes and goes.
FAQ
Can you make 100k a year as a detective?
It is possible to make $100,000 a year or more as a detective. The top 10% of earners in this field make $92,660 or more per year. As a detective gains years of experience and improves their skills, they can expect to earn more competitive pay.
Do people like being a detective?
Many people pursue a career as a detective because they are passionate about the work they do and enjoy a lot of satisfaction from their job. It’s worth noting that this job can require a lot of personal interactions and may not be the best fit for anyone who is antisocial.
Is it hard to get hired as a detective?
Getting hired as a detective can be competitive, but there is currently anticipated to be 3,800 openings for private detectives each year until 2032. There is also a projected 6% growth in employment opportunities, so someone with the right qualifications should be able to find a job in this field.
Photo credit: Andrii Lysenko
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Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Explore how to protect yourself from identity fraud, understand its emotional toll and learn fraud recovery steps.
How can you protect yourself from identity theft and fraud?
What steps should you take if you become a victim of financial fraud?
Hosts Sean Pyles and Sara Rathner delve into the unsettling world of identity theft and fraud prevention to help listeners safeguard their finances and wellbeing. They begin with a discussion on the various facets of identity theft, with tips and tricks on identifying fraudulent activity, enhancing personal banking security and dealing with the aftermath of having your identity compromised. Then, they discuss the differences between identity fraud and scams, the importance of good cyber hygiene, and the steps to take immediately if your personal information is breached.
Sean also speaks with John Breyault, Vice President of Public Policy, Telecommunications and Fraud at the National Consumers League, about the current trends in identity theft and the forms of fraud that are on the rise in 2024. They cover topics such as new account fraud, the impact of zero-day vulnerabilities on personal data security and the necessity for consumers to stay vigilant with software updates and report incidents promptly.
They also explore how victims can navigate the process of recovering from fraud, including freezing credit reports, changing passwords, and engaging with financial institutions and law enforcement to document the crime and seek restitution.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
NerdWallet stories related to this episode:
Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
So there you are just going along with your life, running errands, finishing work projects, walking the dog, making lunch, paying bills, and then you realize, something is very, very wrong. Someone has gotten into your accounts and stolen your money.
Charlene MacNeil:
August 28th was a normal day. I took my cat to the vet, went and got groceries. That morning, I checked my online banking just to make sure I had enough money to do everything. It just seemed like a normal day and then everything changed that evening when I got that email.
Sean Pyles:
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast. I’m Sean Pyles.
Sara Rathner:
And I’m Sara Rathner.
Sean Pyles:
We’re back with our Nerdy deep dive into identity theft, fraud, and scams, and their potentially devastating effects on your finances if you become a victim. As we said last episode, and we’ll continue to reiterate over and over, these crimes do not discriminate. Absolutely anyone can find themselves in deep water with their money situation because these financial criminals have so very many tools and options at their disposal.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. And, Sean, I think we also want to repeat the message that this doesn’t just happen to you because you’re ignorant or careless. It happens because as our guest last week said, “We have to be 100% right all the time.” We have to be watching our accounts and changing our passwords, realizing we’re talking to someone who’s pretending to be from a bank, etc., etc. And the criminal only has to be right once to get what they’re after. So if they catch you in a moment where you’re tired or hangry, they might just do that.
Sean Pyles:
So the last thing that you should feel is embarrassed or ashamed if you do become a victim of ID theft or a scam. Angry and upset, yes, ashamed, no. The more we all talk about it, the more educated we become and the harder we make it for the thieves and scammers.
Sara Rathner:
Yes. Let’s take our power back.
Sean Pyles:
Yes. So last week we talked about identity theft, how it happens, what to be on the lookout for, and how to protect yourself as much as possible. Today we’re going to look at the next step in that process, which is the identity fraud that happens after the theft.
Sara Rathner:
It’s the credit card opened in your name. It’s the tax return that isn’t really yours. It’s the healthcare account that also isn’t yours that gets the thief medical care on your dime. Listener, we’re going to help you understand what it looks like, how to avoid it, and what to do if it happens to you.
Sean Pyles:
All right, well, we want to hear what you think too, listeners. Tell us your stories of identity theft or share how you’re working to fight it or recover from it. Leave us a voicemail or text the Nerd hotline at (901) 730-6373. That’s (901) 730-NERD, or email a voice memo to [email protected].
Sara Rathner:
So, Sean, where do we start today?
Sean Pyles:
Well, we’re going to start today with a real world tale of identity fraud. We’re hearing from Charlene MacNeil, a mom from Alberta, Canada. She’s got a story about what happened when someone was able to get into her account at BMO Bank, a subsidiary of the Bank of Montreal. Then after Charlene, we’re going to talk with an expert in ID fraud, who’s seen it all in his capacity at the National Consumers Union. Charlene MacNeil, welcome to Smart Money.
Charlene MacNeil:
Hello. Thanks for having me.
Sean Pyles:
Charlene, you experienced a form of bank account fraud. When did you first realize that something was wrong?
Charlene MacNeil:
On August 28th, I had just put my kids to bed and I got an email pop up on my cell phone saying that I had a credit limit alert from BMO and it told me that I had $33 left in my account.
Sean Pyles:
And so that was an indication that you didn’t have sufficient funds or maybe your credit was run up. What were you thinking when you first saw that?
Charlene MacNeil:
I panicked when I saw the $33. It just didn’t make sense. So I immediately went onto my online banking and noticed that my line of credit was maxed to the $15,000 mark.
Sean Pyles:
And what steps did you take once you realized that something was very wrong with your account?
Charlene MacNeil:
I immediately called BMO and just told them the email that I got and she told me that she would cancel my card right away and my account and to go to the branch immediately the next day to file a report of what had happened.
Sean Pyles:
So the next day, did you go in and talk with them about that?
Charlene MacNeil:
Yeah, I went in the next morning and I told her what had happened and she had told me that there was a text message that was sent to me like a one-time passcode, and I tried to think back to the day before because I do get text messages or calls from scammers sometimes, but that summer I felt like I had gotten quite a few, but I just kind of always ignored them, so I didn’t really think much of it. And then when she was looking at my account, she asked me if I knew the company Wise, because she noticed that’s where the money had been sent and I Googled Wise right away because I didn’t know what she was talking about.
And when I Googled it, it said international money sending. So she was, “Oh, that’s a red flag. That’s crazy.” She made me feel like we should be able to get the money back, that she would fill out this report and send it off and it should be okay. What had happened was they took my line of credit money, transferred it to my checking account, and they set up a bill payment to the company Wise, and then they sent out the money that way through a bill payment.
Sean Pyles:
So a slightly convoluted way to get the money that you had from your line of credit over to them essentially?
Charlene MacNeil:
Yes, exactly.
Sean Pyles:
And so it seems like things are maybe going, okay, this was a frustrating experience, but you thought you were going to be able to get your money back?
Charlene MacNeil:
Yeah, I went back to work and I felt relieved. “Okay, that’s done. It should be fine.”
Sean Pyles:
But that’s not what ended up happening.
Charlene MacNeil:
No. Two days later, the teller that had helped me, she called me and started the conversation with, “I have some very unfortunate news. They will not refund that money to your line of credit.” And my heart fell because I was just, “What do you mean?”
Sean Pyles:
And this was $15,000 they said they weren’t going to refund?
Charlene MacNeil:
I had a balance on there before. So really they just took whatever I had left in my line of credit and sent it out, so it was like $9,700.
Sean Pyles:
And what reason did they give you for why you wouldn’t be able to get this money back?
Charlene MacNeil:
They had told me that they tried reaching out to Wise, but the money had already been transferred. So whoever the bill was made out to through the company, they had the money and that’s it. They couldn’t get the money back, but she did say, “If you want, we could escalate this and see if there’s something else that they could do.”
Sean Pyles:
Because there have to be some kind of protections. This was an instance of fraud. You didn’t authorize this transfer of money?
Charlene MacNeil:
No, but as this continued on, they kept saying that I had gotten this one time passcode sent to me August 28th at 4:20 p.m., but I don’t recall entering this six digit code that they’re telling me that I entered. But from their records, it shows I entered the code and that it was all good.
Sean Pyles:
It’s also possible that someone could have somehow gained access to your phone number or gotten that code themselves. Correct?
Charlene MacNeil:
That’s what I am trying to explain to them. I just know that I didn’t enter this code.
Sean Pyles:
So did you end up escalating this then?
Charlene MacNeil:
I did. I escalated it three times and then I finally got a final response just saying that it’s really unfortunate, but we can’t get that money back. And they just kept telling me it’s the one-time passcode and that’s the reason why the money was sent out that I pretty much authorized it to be sent out.
Sean Pyles:
I’m really sorry to hear that. Do you know how the people were able to get into your account?
Charlene MacNeil:
I don’t know. I just have a lot of people just giving me different ideas of how maybe it could have happened. I had a conference in Vegas at the beginning of August and it was on the news that Vegas was having issues with scammers.
Sean Pyles:
Was it an issue with people getting on public Wi-Fi and logging into their bank accounts?
Charlene MacNeil:
That or people also told me that maybe somebody walked by my purse and scanned my purse, but people have told me that too, thinking it’s because of the Wi-Fi.
Sean Pyles:
So I’m wondering, Charlene, how has this experience made you feel about the safety of your money? Have you thought about switching banks, anything like that?
Charlene MacNeil:
I’m very nervous because it blows my mind to think that somebody can get onto your online banking and then move money like that without a signature or maybe voice recognition or something. I shut down my line of credit now and I’m kind of waiting to hear what’s going to happen, but I am really considering moving banks. I wish this almost happened on a credit card because I feel like credit card companies have your back more than the bank.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. Your story brings me back to a theme which is that fraud, scams, anyone can experience these things and it’s not like you followed a typical playbook of seeing a text message come through on your phone or clicking a link in email and entering your login credentials. You don’t know how someone got your information. It just exemplifies that you could be doing everything right and somehow people could still get your information and still get into your bank.
Charlene MacNeil:
Yeah, exactly. August 28th was a normal day. I took my cat to the vet, went and got groceries. That morning, I checked my online banking just to make sure I had enough money to do everything. It just seemed like a normal day and then everything changed that evening when I got that email.
Sean Pyles:
What do you think your next steps will be?
Charlene MacNeil:
I’m not very hopeful, to be honest. It’s something that I just have to accept. And I mean, I’ve done better the last couple months, but in the beginning it was very difficult. I lost lots of sleep, missed some work. It was very stressful. And you feel like you’re the one that did something wrong.
Sean Pyles:
Well, I’m sorry that you experienced this. I’m wondering if there’s anything that you would like listeners to keep in mind as they try to protect themselves and their finances online?
Charlene MacNeil:
Yeah, I mean it’s so important to be checking your banking probably daily just to make sure everything is going as you think. Be very careful, I guess, on public Wi-Fi. I was actually just on a trip with my family to Mexico and so many people use public Wi-Fi. And I did in Vegas just to load my boarding passes.
I did not check my online banking. I know a lot of people when they hear me say that I was on public Wi-Fi in Vegas. I did not check my online banking, but I was on public Wi-Fi and I guess people can be sitting in that room and gain all of your information. So I don’t know. I don’t want people to be paranoid, but I kind of feel paranoid.
Sean Pyles:
It might not be a bad idea in the year 2024 when if you’re on a public Wi-Fi network, someone who’s also on that can get into your device very easily. That’s the truth of where we are right now.
Charlene MacNeil:
Yes, and I heard once they’re in, then they can be in there for a while. If I would’ve checked my online banking a day or two later, they could have seen me enter my codes. Yeah, it’s very invasive.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Charlene, thank you for sharing your story with us today.
Charlene MacNeil:
Well, thank you for hearing me.
Sara Rathner:
Sean, this just makes me so sad and angry that anybody has to deal with this because it’s just not fair. It’s not a fair fight against these really savvy identity thieves.
Sean Pyles:
It’s really not. And what’s so worrisome to me about Charlene’s story is that she still can’t pinpoint exactly how these criminals got into her account. Again, it just shows that this kind of fraud can happen to anyone, but as tempting as it might be to just throw up your hands and yell, “I give up,” that just feeds the beast and doesn’t do us any good.
Sara Rathner:
Well, I’m looking forward to some advice on how to avoid all of this and anything that we could do to keep it from happening to us, to me, to my loved ones, and of course to our listeners.
Sean Pyles:
Well, our next guest will walk us through some of what happens when you’re the victim of identity fraud and give advice on how to avoid it and recover from it if it does happen to you. John Breyault is Vice President of Public Policy Telecommunications and Fraud at the National Consumers League. That’s coming up. Stay with us.
John, thanks so much for joining us on Smart Money.
John Breyault:
Hey, thanks for having me on the show. I really appreciate it.
Sean Pyles:
So last week we spent some time explaining identity theft and the various ways that bad actors can steal our IDs from us. And today, we’re going to explore what they do with all that information once they’ve got it. So I’d like to start by asking you to explain maybe the difference between ID fraud and scams. We’re going to talk about scams in our next episode, but what differentiates the two?
John Breyault:
Both scams and ID theft, we call fraud, right? It’s a crime where it involves typically a scammer trying to acquire information or funds that they can use for their own purposes. So identity fraud is definitely a subset of fraud overall, but it is certainly one of the biggest subsets.
So we know that, for example, the Federal Trade Commission every year puts out their Consumer Sentinel Data Book. It’s a compilation of millions of fraud complaints that they get from agencies and organizations like mine all over the country. And in 2022, which is their most recent data, they received 5.2 million fraud reports and the number one category that they heard about was identity theft. And so clearly this continues to be a major problem that the biggest enforcement agency out there is hearing about. Definitely identity theft is one of the biggest types of fraud, and one I think we continue to see consumers of every age level, every education level, every demographic be victimized by.
Sean Pyles:
And when you think about specific ways that ID fraud and scams can manifest, what makes them distinct?
John Breyault:
I think what makes each scam distinct is often, number one, what is the entry point for the scammer? Is it one where they have to interact with the victim, say by sending them a link that the consumer clicks on and then provides the data to the identity for the scammer that’s then used to commit fraud? Or is this something where the scammers can commit identity fraud really with no interaction with the victim at all?
We know, for example, that due to data breaches, that’s practically limitless information about almost every American out there on criminal forums on the dark web that can be used to basically commit identity theft as a service. With a few hundred dollars in Bitcoin, you too can hire an identity thief to do things like start bogus credit card accounts in your name or try and get healthcare benefits or unemployment insurance. These are all very common types of identity theft that’s out there, and that doesn’t require any of us to do anything.
Sean Pyles:
So you touched on this a little bit, but John, can you give us a sense of what you’re seeing out there right now? What are some of the most prevalent forms of identity fraud in 2024?
John Breyault:
Yeah, I would say some of the fastest growing types of identity theft is new account fraud. It’s not necessarily a new type of identity theft. We’ve seen scammers using information to create new credit card accounts for decades at this point, but certainly it is returning to its previous position as one of the top types of identity fraud. And it’s happening because the resources that identity thieves were devoting to government benefits fraud is going down. As those pandemic relief programs start to wind down, there’s less money for the identity thieves to steal. And so they’ve gone back to some of the tried and true types of identity fraud.
Sean Pyles:
Is there anything that’s relatively new that consumers should know about that maybe they haven’t really heard about?
John Breyault:
What we have seen over the past year has been a staggering increase in the number of data breaches attributable to what are called zero-day vulnerabilities. And if you’ve never heard of a zero-day vulnerability, that’s okay. Basically what it means is it’s a vulnerability that nobody else has identified. Think of it as having a key to a vault that nobody else has, and until the people who own that vault figure out that you have that key, they have no reason to try and solve the problem or change the lock.
Sean Pyles:
So this could be something like a weakness in our phones’ operating systems that allows a bad actor to get into our phones.
John Breyault:
Yes, exactly. It’s operating systems like Windows. It is browsers that can be hacked. It could be Microsoft Office. Really any software program can have a zero-day vulnerability. And so what’s concerning to us is just the increase in breaches that were attributable to zero days. It’s gone up. I believe the number that the ITRC cited was by more than 100% over the past 12 months.
Sean Pyles:
Do we know why this might be? Is it that software developers are maybe pushing out code a bit faster than they should and they aren’t combing through for vulnerabilities? Or is it that hackers are really zeroing in on these vulnerabilities and trying to exploit them?
John Breyault:
Well, I think that’s the $64,000 question, as they say. We have theories on how that is. One of the more worrying ones is that the scammers have learned how to automate their search for zero-day vulnerabilities using artificial intelligence. And if they’re able to search for these zero days at scale, a very low cost, that is scary because I think AI has revolutionized so many other facets of our economy and businesses and government over the past several years.
It definitely has the potential to do the same thing when it comes to fraud. I think many of us who work on fraud and identity theft on a daily basis, we are thinking of the potential of this as the same kind of potential for supercharging fraud and scams that we saw when the internet sort of became a technology that everybody was using. That’s the kind of scale of the threat that’s out there.
Sean Pyles:
And so when people get notifications on their phone saying, “Oh, you have a new software update to patch a security vulnerability,” this might be something that is being addressed. Correct? And it’s important for people to actually update their phones regularly so that they are having the most secure software possible?
John Breyault:
Yes. Cyber hygiene is definitely one of the lowest cost and easiest ways for consumers to reduce their risk of falling victim to identity fraud because once they are detected, the operating systems and browser makers are usually pretty quick to plug the hole. But that is often dependent on consumers paying attention to those little pop-up boxes that say, “Do you want to update your browser? Do you want to update windows?” And actually taking action. Definitely don’t wait to update. Make sure you do that because it really is one of the easiest ways to reduce your risk.
Sean Pyles:
So, John, walk us through some of the ways that listeners can protect themselves from identity fraud. We heard last week about protections from identity theft. So let’s assume that the theft has already happened and now we have to react to prevent the fraud. What are some first steps here?
John Breyault:
Well, number one, I would say act quickly. We know that identity theft is a crime that often relies on consumers doing nothing. If you know that your information has been compromised, take steps to reduce your risk. For many people, that’s going to start with freezing their credit report. All of the major credit reporting bureaus offer consumers the ability to freeze credit.
Number two, I would say try and limit the damage to the extent you can. For example, particularly if your primary email address has been compromised, that can be the entry point for scammers to take over lots of other accounts, your bank accounts, your social media accounts. So definitely change the password on your primary email account right away and turn on two-factor authentication as well to add an additional layer that the scammers have to get through. They’re going to try and use that entry point.
I would do the same for any financial accounts that you may have linked to that email account. In addition, call the banks and let them know what’s going on so that they can place fraud alerts on your accounts. And then finally, make sure and get a police report. Identity theft is a crime in all 50 states, but consumers, I think particularly if you start to see activity related to identity theft, having that report is often documentation that will be needed to get the kind of help from not just law enforcement, but also from banks and other entities that you’ll need.
I think, unfortunately, we know that local police departments aren’t always super excited to create those reports, so you may have to be persistent to do that, but definitely local police departments is the place I would start. And then work your way up to the State Attorney General and ultimately the Federal Trade Commission.
Sean Pyles:
Related to what you were just discussing, let’s go a step further. So let’s say someone took your information and then fraud happened before you could get to it. Who should you really go to for help? Let’s talk about reporting it and starting to deal with the fallout of fraud.
John Breyault:
Yeah. Once fraud has occurred, typically you still have rights. For example, an identity thief created a credit card in your name and started running a bunch of charges. You aren’t liable for that, but you’re going to need to take steps like have that identity theft affidavit and a police report ready to show to creditors who may wonder why you haven’t been paying your credit card bill that you just opened weeks ago. So definitely I would say getting those reports is going to be one key piece of information to have.
Also, call and talk to the entities who the identity thief is using in your name. Let them know who you are, what’s been going on, and see what you can do to address the fraud. Most of us don’t spend all day every day recovering from identity theft, but most of the financial institutions do have people who are devoted to helping you through that journey. But you’ve gotta keep records of that. Grab a notebook, create a little Word document on your computer, and start logging every communication that you have with those entities so that you can create a paper trail because you can’t just depend on them to know where you are in the process and to ensure that in one place they’re going to quickly try and use that information to commit identity theft in other places as well.
Sean Pyles:
Earlier in this episode, I spoke with a woman who experienced a form of bank fraud. A fraudster got access to her line of credit, and her bank didn’t offer much in the way of resolving the issue. She didn’t get her money back. And I’ve heard other similar stories before. What sort of recourse do people in that situation have to try to recoup their losses?
John Breyault:
Generally, if the consumer victim is not the one who is actually hitting send on the money transfer, whether it’s through a payment app or through a wire transfer from your bank, then you have protections under federal law as well as many state laws. So I think it’s important that if in a case like that where it sounds like the scammer got in because they were able to hack this woman’s credentials that she should have rights. Certainly if the bank seems unwilling to work with her, I would say your next stop should be the State Attorney General as well as groups like the Identity Theft Resource Center, which have great resources and help coach victims through recovering from these identity theft schemes.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. And your advice just there brings up the idea of jurisdiction. The woman that I spoke with was based in Canada, where they have different rules and regulations than we do in the U.S. So I think it’s important for anyone to be familiar with what laws protect them where they’re living, whether it’s in a different country or a specific state.
John Breyault:
Yeah, absolutely. And I would say a great place to start that journey of learning what your rights are and what laws may apply is the FTC has a great website at identitytheft.gov where you can start to go through their checklist and create an identity theft recovery plan.
Sean Pyles:
Well, one final question. I’m asking this of all the experts that we’re talking with for this series, so I’ll ask you too. Have you ever fallen victim to a scam or identity theft or fraud?
John Breyault:
I definitely have. Fortunately for me, it wasn’t sort of life altering, but what got me interested in working on fraud was a trip I took to Jamaica on vacation where I was in a bar, which probably tells you the first thing that I wasn’t thinking very clearly, but one of the locals came up to me and said, “Hey, if you give me $20, I can get you cheaper drinks at the bar.” And I said, “Great.” And so I gave him the $20 and he turned around, bought some beers for him and his friends and just ignored me.
And I wasn’t about to start a fight with a bunch of guys in a bar in Jamaica. So I just said, “Okay, lesson learned.” Don’t always take what people say to you at face value and listen to your gut before you hand over your money. Unfortunately, in this country we have, when it comes to identity theft and being a victim of fraud, we often have this tendency to blame the victim.
And there’s a real stigma attached to being a victim of fraud. And we often use terms like, “You fell for a scam.” Or people say, “I can’t believe I was so stupid.” Or we use terms like, “pig butchering scams,” which suggest that somehow the victim is the one who’s culpable. I think that that is wrong. If I could have one additional message for listeners of this podcast, it’s show a little compassion the next time somebody tells you their fraud story and recognize that these are people who are victims of organized, multinational, very savvy criminals, and help them work through sort of this crime they’ve been a victim of and encourage them to report it.
Sean Pyles:
Well, John, thank you again for talking with us.
John Breyault:
I appreciate it, Sean.
Sean Pyles:
Sara, one thing that I really want listeners to remember is that the cost of experiencing identity fraud can go well beyond the money loss, which of course can be significant. People who are victimized in this way often suffer mental health consequences. Many feel ashamed or like they brought this upon themselves. So like John said, if you’ve experienced a loss like this, get help. Yes, contact the FTC and your local police, but also think about talking with a loved one or a therapist who can help you process your emotions around this.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, know that you are not alone. You probably know people who have gone through something like this and you could commiserate with each other. The important thing is to receive nonjudgmental help from people who are on your side and will help you wrap your head around everything that’s happened to you, and you can come out the other side stronger and more determined to protect yourself in the future. Okay, Sean, tell us what’s coming up in Episode 3 of this series. I assume there are more horrors on the way.
Sean Pyles:
Unfortunately, yes. Next week we’re going to walk into the lion’s den of the scammiest people on earth. Imposter scams, romance scams, phishing, vishing, all in the name of parting you from your money.
Speaker 5:
That’s what these scammers try to do. They try to rush you into making a decision by telling you something’s urgent or an emergency like the family emergency scam, where they’ll say, “Oh, this is your grandchild and I’m overseas, and I need you to wire money fast because I’m jail or in the hospital.”
Sara Rathner:
Yikes. Well, for now at least, that’s all we have for this episode. Do you have a money question of your own? Turn to the Nerds and call or text us your questions at (901) 730-6373. That’s (901) 730-NERD. You could also email us at [email protected]. Also visit nerdwallet.com/podcast for more info on this episode. And remember to follow, rate and review us wherever you’re getting this podcast.
Sean Pyles:
This episode was produced by Tess Vigeland. I helped with editing, Kevin Berry helped with fact checking, Sara Brink mixed our audio.
Sara Rathner:
And here’s our brief disclaimer. We’re not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances.
Sean Pyles:
And with that said, until next time, turn to the Nerds.
Looking for the best jobs that help people? Whether you are looking for a full-time job or a way to make extra income, there are many ways to make money by helping others. Picking a job that matches what you want to achieve personally and lets you help others can feel really good. In lots…
Looking for the best jobs that help people?
Whether you are looking for a full-time job or a way to make extra income, there are many ways to make money by helping others.
Picking a job that matches what you want to achieve personally and lets you help others can feel really good. In lots of different fields, jobs where you can help people have become very popular.
Whether it’s teaching, counseling, healthcare, or responding to emergencies, each job lets you change someone else’s life for the better. If you like the idea of helping out your community and giving assistance to those who need it, there are plenty of rewarding jobs that might be right for you.
Now, that doesn’t mean the jobs below are easy. While you may feel good knowing that you are helping people, many of these jobs are very hard. But, you will know that you are truly helping people and changing the world for the better.
30 Best Jobs That Help People
Below are 30 full-time and part-time jobs helping others in crisis, in your community and at homes.
1. Social worker
If you’re someone who likes to help others, becoming a social worker might be the perfect job for you. Social workers support people who face challenges in their lives. This could mean working with children, families, or even whole communities.
Social workers might work in schools, helping kids and families get through tough times, or in hospitals guiding patients through health challenges.
2. Teacher
A teacher’s job is about more than just giving lessons. The job is to guide and help students understand new information. When you teach, you make a real difference in the lives of your students.
Teachers work in different settings, such as at a public school, private institution, or even provide one-on-one education as a tutor. Some teachers work online too, which is a great option if you’re looking for more flexibility.
You can choose to become a kindergarten teacher, high school teacher, college instructor, or anything in between.
Recommended reading: 36 Best Side Jobs for Teachers To Make Extra Money
3. Nurse
Nurses play an important role in healthcare, helping people feel better and stay healthy.
I have met so many amazing nurses in my life, and it is such a helpful career path. I still very much remember all of the wonderful nurses who helped me when I was in the hospital giving birth to my daughter – these nurses were amazing and helped me so much, and I truly felt like they cared.
Nurses can work from home, in a hospital, or even in a law firm. A similar career path where you can help people is to become a nurse practitioner, with a higher salary and extra responsibilities.
Recommended reading: 27 Best Side Hustles For Nurses To Make Extra Money
4. Personal trainer
If you like staying active and want to help others, becoming a personal trainer could be a great fit for you.
As a personal trainer, you’ll get to work with people every day, helping them achieve their fitness goals. It’s not just about showing exercises; it’s about motivating and guiding people to live healthier lives.
Here are some of the things that personal trainers do:
Create workout plans.
Show people how to exercise correctly.
Keep track of a client’s progress.
Teach clients about healthy lifestyle choices.
Personal trainers are found in places like gyms, fitness centers, and sometimes they can even come to your home. Some trainers lead group classes, while others give one-on-one sessions.
5. Occupational therapist
An occupational therapist (OT) helps people of all ages do different activities that are important for their daily lives, work, school, and leisure. Some examples of occupational therapy include:
Dressing – OTs help individuals in selecting appropriate clothing and developing strategies to independently dress themselves.
Eating – OTs may recommend adaptive equipment or techniques to help individuals with feeding difficulties.
Household chores – They provide strategies to make household chores more manageable for individuals with physical or cognitive limitations.
Job tasks – OTs help individuals develop skills and strategies to perform job duties effectively and safely.
Community integration – They support individuals in participating in community events, clubs, and social gatherings.
As you can see, OTs help people in so many ways.
They work in places like hospitals, schools, or even patients’ homes are common spots for occupational therapists.
6. School counselor
School counselors play a big part in guiding students toward their future.
They help with class schedules, give advice, or plan big steps like going to college or finding a job. This job is important because school counselors help students do their best and feel good about themselves.
They also help in other ways, such as helping students who are going through a hard time in life, like helping them with handling a mental health issue or even dealing with the passing of a parent. They are very much needed in all schools!
7. Substance abuse counselor
Substance abuse counselors help people fight addiction and get their lives back on track. Their job is important because they guide people through tough times, showing them how to stay away from drugs or alcohol and live a healthier life.
They meet with people and listen to their stories, teach them new ways of dealing with problems without using substances, and support them as they make changes to better their lives.
8. Physician
Being a doctor is a way to make a big impact in your community, as everyone knows.
Depending on the specialty, they can check your health, find out what’s wrong when you’re sick, and give you the right medicine to help you feel better.
Doctors are important because they help us when we’re sick and also keep us healthy. They listen to our concerns, offer comfort, and provide treatments. This makes a big impact on many people’s lives every single day.
9. Lawyer
A lawyer’s main job is to protect the legal rights of their clients. This means giving advice based on the law and, sometimes, defending your client in court.
A lawyer might work at a large law firm, for businesses, or for everyday people with different problems. Lawyers tend to specialize in one area of law, like helping injured people, family issues, working with businesses, traffic tickets, and so on.
10. Paramedic
Paramedics are the people who arrive first when there’s a medical emergency.
Their job is to take care of people who are hurt or very sick, right there on the spot or while they’re on the way to the hospital for further treatment. They give first aid and other medical care, stay calm under pressure, and drive an ambulance if needed.
11. Firefighter
Firefighters are trained to fight fires and keep people, buildings, and nature safe. They rescue people and animals from burning buildings, help at accident scenes, and teach the public about staying safe from fires.
This is a tough job that every community needs.
12. Nutritionist
If you like helping people and love everything about food and health, think about becoming a nutritionist! A nutritionist is someone who helps people eat better and live healthier lives.
A nutritionist is a health expert who knows a lot about food and how it affects our bodies. They look at what people eat, their health goals, and make personalized plans to help them eat better. Nutritionists teach people about healthy eating, help with meal plans, and give support to make lasting changes in lifestyle.
They work in different places like schools, hospitals, or their own offices to help people be healthier through good nutrition.
13. Pediatric sleep consultant
Getting enough sleep is super important for babies and their parents. But sometimes, parents have trouble making sure their baby sleeps well.
This can lead to some parents getting nearly no sleep, and it impacts their life, their job, and their mental health.
That’s where pediatric sleep experts come in handy. They know a lot about helping kids sleep better, which helps families have better nights. If you really like working with kids and want to help them, becoming a sleep coach could be a great career option for you.
This is an area that so many parents need so that they can continue living their lives.
For me, I have taken many tips from pediatric sleep consultants so that I could help my child sleep better, and so that I in turn could get sleep as well. These were life-changing tips!
Recommended reading: How To Become A Sleep Consultant And Make $10,000 Each Month
14. Dentist
Dentists work with teeth and gums, and they help keep your mouth healthy as well as fix problems when they come up.
If you have a cavity, they can fill it. Or if you have something more serious, they can fix it too. Dentists tell you how to take care of your teeth so you can keep them strong and avoid future problems.
15. Psychologist
Psychologists help people deal with their feelings and thoughts by listening to people and understanding their problems. They work in schools, offices, and sometimes even online.
They ask questions, do tests, and figure out the best way to help people feel better.
16. Police dispatcher
Being a police dispatcher is an extremely important job that helps people in crisis.
Dispatchers have an important job in keeping communities safe and making sure everything runs smoothly. They answer emergency calls when you call 911 and send out the right help.
17. Police officer
Police officers in law enforcement keep areas safe by stopping crime and making sure laws are followed. They patrol the streets, keep an eye out for any trouble, and if someone calls for help or there’s an accident, police officers are the first to arrive.
A police officer’s work is very important for everyone’s safety. They are trained to handle many kinds of situations.
Some police officers have a degree in criminal justice, but not all have college degrees.
18. Massage therapist
Massage therapists use their skills to help relax tight muscles and ease pain. They work in many places like spas, hospitals, or sports centers.
This is a career path where you can make others feel physically better, relieve stress, and feel relaxed.
19. Speech and language therapist
Speech therapists (also known as speech-language pathologists) help people of all ages overcome difficulties with communication, as well as swallowing disorders.
Speech therapists work with children and adults who face challenges with speaking and understanding others, help those who have trouble eating or swallowing due to health issues, and create fun and engaging exercises to improve clients’ speech and language skills.
Many, many people use speech-language pathologists these days, especially for young children, and it is such a needed career path right now. Many cities have very long waitlists because there simply are not enough speech therapists, so this can be a very helpful career choice to get into.
20. Rehabilitation specialist
Rehabilitation specialists give support to those who need a little extra help due to health troubles like injuries or mental health challenges.
A day in the life of a rehabilitation specialist could include working with kids or adults, helping them with their skills to live a good life (kind of like teaching and cheering on someone as they learn or remember how to do important daily stuff).
These jobs are often found in places like hospitals, private clinics, or community centers.
21. Caregiver
Caregiving roles are very important careers that help people who really need it.
Caregivers play an important role in the lives of those who need help due to age, sickness, or disability. They provide support and company, making a real difference every day.
Caregivers do things like cook meals, drive people places, or just talk to make someone’s day brighter.
22. Home health aide
A home health aide is somewhat similar to a caregiver. Caregivers and home health aides both help people who need support with daily activities because of sickness, disability, or getting older. However, caregivers usually do a wider range of tasks like keeping people company, driving people places, cooking, and doing chores.
Home health aides focus more on personal care, such as helping with bathing, dressing, and reminding about medications. Home health aides often get formal training and might work under a nurse or another healthcare worker, while caregivers might not have formal training and often work on their own or for agencies.
Home health aides have an important job where they help people who need extra care to live comfortably in their homes. People like seniors or those with disabilities count on them to be there for them.
23. Translator
Translators connect people who speak different languages, and this job is important because they help people understand each other.
Translators work in many places. Some work in hospitals, making sure doctors and patients understand one another. Others translate books or websites, so everyone can enjoy stories or information, no matter what language they speak.
Many translation jobs let you work from home. Some jobs are full-time, and some are part-time. You can find what fits your life.
Recommended reading: 28 Ways To Get Paid To Text And Make Money
24. Environmental engineer
Environmental engineers figure out how to keep nature clean and safe. They sometimes work on projects that prevent pollution or create plans to fix damage that’s already been done, like cleaning up oil spills.
25. Pharmacist
Pharmacists know all about medicine, fill doctors’ prescriptions for patients, and explain how to take the medicine safely. This is a job that helps people because people need medicine in order to feel better.
Pharmacists work in pharmacies, drugstores, clinics, and hospitals.
26. Optometrist
Optometrists are eye doctors that help people see better. They check your eyes, find out if you need glasses or contacts, and can spot eye troubles before they become a bigger issue.
Eyes are important, of course, and so this is a job that definitely helps people.
27. Midwife
Becoming a midwife might be a great job for you if you enjoy helping people and have an interest in healthcare. Midwives are healthcare professionals who help women before, during, and after they have a baby.
Midwives work in different places, such as in a hospital, in a clinic, or visiting moms at their homes.
I had a midwife and doctor team for my pregnancy, and the midwife was amazing. She made me feel comfortable and was very friendly and calming.
28. Conservationist
Conservationists get to spend their days outdoors, helping plants and animals survive and stay healthy. They research and learn about different species and find ways for humans to live alongside them without causing harm.
The planet is home to incredible animals and places, but some are at risk. Conservationists help protect these natural wonders and make sure there are plenty of wild areas for animals to thrive in. They also work to keep the air and water clean for everyone to enjoy.
29. Dental hygienist
Dental hygienists are important in preventing and treating oral diseases. It’s more than just cleaning teeth.
They also teach patients how to take care of their mouth, show them the right way to brush and floss, and help them understand why oral health is so important.
30. Blogger
Okay, so I realize that this option is not like any of the rest.
But, I have personally helped thousands of people over the years with my blog, so I think being a blogger definitely helps people. I have received many emails and letters from readers who have said that I helped them pay off their debt, stop living paycheck to paycheck, reach retirement, and more.
With a blog, you can help people understand different topics, learn actionable tips, get motivated to reach their goals, and more.
If you enjoy writing and sharing stories or expertise, becoming a blogger might be right up your alley. A blogger creates content for a blog, which is an online space for posting thoughts, knowledge, and insights.
Your blog can become a helpful resource on topics you’re passionate about. Whether it’s cooking, personal finance, or even traveling, your words could be valuable to someone else.
I started Making Sense of Cents back in 2011. Since then, my blog has made over $5,000,000.
I didn’t plan to make money when I started the blog. It was just a way for me to keep track of my own money journey. At first, I didn’t even know people could make money from blogging or how to make a successful blog!
But after only six months, I started earning money from my blog.
You can learn how to start a blog with my free How To Start a Blog Course (sign up by clicking here).
Frequently Asked Questions
Below are answers to common questions about how to find jobs that help people.
What is the best career to help others?
The best careers to help others include becoming a social worker, teacher, nurse, therapist, counselor, and firefighter.
What job helps people with their money?
Financial planners or advisors help people manage their money effectively. They provide advice on investments, savings, and budgeting to help individuals achieve their financial goals and secure their future financial stability.
What job can I do to make people happy?
Many of the jobs above can help people become happy, such as being a teacher, personal trainer, school counselor, nutritionist, pediatric sleep consultant, psychologist, and massage therapist.
What are some jobs that help people’s mental health?
Mental health counselors and therapists give support and treatment to people dealing with mental illnesses. They play an important part in improving their clients’ emotional and psychological well-being.
What are some creative jobs that help others?
Art therapists help people deal with stress, trauma, or sickness by using creative activities. They combine the healing power of art with counseling techniques to support healing and personal development.
What are jobs that help people in crisis?
Jobs that help people in crisis include substance abuse counselors, social workers, registered nurses, and art therapists.
What are jobs helping others without a degree?
A bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, or doctoral degree is not required for all jobs that help people. For example, home health aides and personal care aides help people with daily tasks and give companionship. Typically, formal education is not required, but training and a caring personality are important to actually help people.
Best Jobs That Help People – Summary
I hope you enjoyed this article on the best jobs that help people.
When you think about jobs that help others, you might think of social work or healthcare right away.
But there’s a wide range of options, including jobs in teaching, therapy, public service, and even technical fields like translation or environmental engineering.
Each of these jobs is important for making our community better and healthier, often by working directly with people to make their lives better. These roles give more than just a paycheck – they give you the satisfaction of knowing that your work helps people outside of the office too.
What do you think are the best jobs that help people and pay well?
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) on Friday issued a report indicating that it is taking a closer look at the impact of “discount points” on mortgage transactions, noting that use of the practice has picked up over the past two years with undetermined value for mortgage borrowers.
“The percentage of homebuyers paying discount points roughly doubled from 2021 to 2023,” the report said. “The increase was even greater among borrowers with lower credit scores. While discount points may provide advantages to some borrowers, the financial tradeoffs are complex. The CFPB is monitoring these increases and potential risks to consumers.”
CFPB Director Rohit Chopra added that elevated interest rates are making such a practice more common despite inconclusive benefits for consumers.
“Higher interest rates on mortgages have led borrowers to pay upfront fees to lower their interest payments,” he said. “The heavy use of ‘discount points’ suggests that many borrowers are uncertain about their ability to refinance in the future.”
Serving as a one-time fee paid at closing that allows a borrower access to a lower mortgage interest rate, CFPB notes that such points “have no fixed value in terms of the change in interest rate” and that borrower benefit is highly dependent on how long a borrower maintains a particular mortgage.
The elevated rate environment has made future refinancing options less clear for borrowers entering the market today, but CFPB also expressed concern over the disproportionate application discount points have on borrowers with lower credit scores. Usage of discount points were especially prevalent among low-credit borrowers also using Federal Housing Administration (FHA) lending programs, CFPB said.
The assertions of the report are based on quarterly Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data from 2019 through the first three quarters of 2023, and the prevalence among FHA borrowers with lower credit scores suggests that “lenders may be using discount points to lower borrowers’ monthly payments and debt-to-income ratio, which is one of the measurements lenders use to assess a borrower’s ability to repay in order to qualify for a mortgage,” an announcement of the report’s contents said.
To illustrate that prevalence, the report said that nearly 77% of FHA borrowers with credit scores below 640 purchased discount points, compared with 65% of all FHA borrowers with broader credit profiles.
This is the latest development in the Biden administration’s war on so-called “junk fees,” with the CFPB pointing out a desire to closely monitor the impacts of discount points in a blog post published in early March. The Bureau at that time said that discount points “may not always save borrowers money, however, and may indeed add to borrowers’ costs.”
Marty Green, principal at mortgage law firm Polunsky Beitel Green, suggested that the CFPB report is missing some important details, including the availability of loans without discount points in the market.
“One major consequence of the volatile rate environment over the past two years was that lenders were, at times, not offering an undiscounted rate to applicants,” Green said in a statement provided to HousingWire. “The CFPB references the use of discount points by investors to hedge against increased prepayment risk but doesn’t ‘connect the dots’ to the fact that increased investor demand for upfront fees to the decreased availability of loans without points being offered in the market.”
Green also suggests that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac‘s early 2023 updates to loan level pricing adjustments (LLPAs) are not being considered in its report.
“The GSEs added LLPAs to additional loan types and credit score bands,” he said. “LLPAs are often passed on to borrowers through points, so it’s only natural to see a greater percentage of borrowers receiving a loan with discount points included. The percentage of borrowers paying discount points will necessarily increase when (a) fewer loan products are offering par rates and (b) the GSEs increase the use of LLPAs to cover additional loan products/borrowers.”
Reverse mortgage professionals in Massachusetts will be reliant on their borrowers’ ability to complete their required counseling sessions under the state’s face-to-face mandate following the expiration of a provision temporarily relaxing the standard that expired on April 1.
This is according to prior legislative documents reviewed by RMD and an announcement this week by the National Reverse Mortgage Lenders Association(NRMLA).
In an email update to its members, NRMLA explained that a spending bill containing an amendment that would permanently allow for telephonic and video counseling was approved by both houses of the state’s legislature, but that the addition of new amendments to the Senate version had prolonged the process that would allow it to become law prior to the expiration of the last extension.
The issue has remained a specter over the state’s reverse mortgage business for years. Massachusetts is the only state in the country to require in-person reverse mortgage counseling, a requirement that caused issues and effectively halted its reverse mortgage business during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Industry professionals and trade organizations — including NRMLA and the regional Massachusetts Mortgage Bankers Association (MMBA) — have urged state leadership to adopt a more permanent solution. It looked as if one would pass last year, but a revision of the budget bill deliberated at that time included an amendment that removed the permanent allowance from a prior version approved by the State House.
Reverse mortgage industry veteran George Downey of The Federal Savings Bank in Braintree, Mass. has been a critical figure in the advocacy for a permanent solution that would allow for remote counseling. While he remains apprehensive about the latest budget bill and whether it will include the desired language in its final form, he also shared that this time feels a bit different when compared to prior recent efforts to address this issue.
In addition to support from NRMLA and other trade associations, Downey said the outreach he and others have done on the issue has felt fruitful.
“We’ve done as much as I think reasonably could be done to get the information to the surface so that the conference committee members, when they were evaluating these various amendments, would have some sense of what this is about and how important it is,” Downey said in an interview. “So, I feel a measure of confidence in that regard. I’ll be optimistic and give us 50% odds.”
Part of the challenge in getting such a provision passed, he said, stems from longtime reputational challenges the reverse mortgage product has had that are difficult to challenge among lawmakers, he explained.
“It’s those old misconceptions, those old biases that carry a lot,” he said. “That’s just speculation on my part, but I’m pretty sure that that was the problem.”
Downey previously explained to RMD that there are only five full-time U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-approved counselors serving the state. But the disruption caused by COVID-19 has helped lead lawmakers, regulators and the public to become more aware of how useful remote communication is today.
At the NRMLA Annual Meeting and Expo held last October in Nashville, HUD’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Housing Counseling David Berenbaum alluded to the challenges in Massachusetts. He elected not to directly comment on them but said that there is no reason for HUD to believe that alternative delivery methods of counseling could not provide quality services.
“Our expectation at HUD is that the quality of the services should be maintained regardless of modality,” he said at the event. “And I do know from my experience in the space that superb housing counseling can happen in many different ways. It’s really the professional offering those services that make all the difference.”
Located on the historic shores of Massachusetts Bay, Boston stands as a beacon of American culture, innovation, and resilience. From the iconic Freedom Trail to the towering skyscrapers of the Financial District, Boston offers experiences unlike any other. With world-class universities, a thriving arts scene, and a passionate sports culture, Boston captures the essence of both tradition and progress. So, if you’ve been asking yourself, “Should I move to Boston, MA?” you’re in the right place. In this article, we’ll discuss the pros and cons of living in Boston to help you decide if this city is right for you. Let’s dive in.
Boston at a Glance
Walk Score: 83 | Bike Score: 69 | Transit Score: 72
Median Sale Price: $735,000 | Average Rent for 1-Bedroom Apartment: $3,780
Boston neighborhoods | houses for rent in Boston | apartments for rent in Boston | homes for sale in Boston
Pro: Great historical significance
Boston’s rich history is palpable in its cobblestone streets and historic landmarks. The Freedom Trail offers a walk through the city’s revolutionary past, connecting 16 sites that played a pivotal role in America’s fight for independence. This unique blend of history and urban living provides residents with a sense of connection to the nation’s beginnings, making it a unique place to call home. Living in Boston means being surrounded by stories and monuments that shaped the United States, offering an educational and inspiring environment.
Con: Challenging winter weather
Boston ranks in the top 10 of U.S. cities most at risk of storms. This means that the winters in Boston can be particularly harsh and can present a significant challenge for its residents. The city is known for its heavy snowfalls and cold temperatures, which can disrupt daily life, from commuting issues to increased heating costs. Snowstorms can lead to significant snow removal efforts and occasionally, city-wide shutdowns. This aspect of Boston living requires residents to be prepared for a level of winter that goes beyond the picturesque first snowfall, turning into a months-long ordeal.
Pro: Exceptional educational institutions
Boston is a global hub for higher education, home to prestigious institutions like Harvard University and MIT, among others. This concentration of top-tier universities attracts a diverse and dynamic community, fostering an environment of innovation and academic excellence. For residents, this means access to cutting-edge research, public lectures, and cultural events that are hard to find elsewhere. The presence of these institutions also contributes to the city’s job market, especially in fields like technology, medicine, and education.
Con: Complicated public transportation
While Boston’s public transportation system, the MBTA, connects much of the city and its suburbs, it’s often criticized for its reliability issues. Delays, maintenance problems, and overcrowding can make commuting a frustrating experience for some. Despite efforts to improve service and infrastructure, the system’s challenges remain a significant con for locals who rely on public transit for their daily commute. This aspect of city living can affect quality of life and accessibility within Boston.
Pro: Rich cultural scene
Boston’s cultural scene is vibrant and diverse. From the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Museum of Fine Arts to smaller galleries and theaters, the city is a haven for arts and culture enthusiasts. The annual Boston Marathon, one of the world’s oldest, draws participants and spectators from around the globe. This rich tapestry of cultural offerings enriches the lives of Boston residents, providing countless opportunities for entertainment, learning, and community engagement.
Con: High cost of living
One of the significant drawbacks of living in Boston is its high cost of living. In fact, the cost of living in Boston is 47% higher than the national average. Housing prices are among the highest in the country, making it challenging for many to afford a home in the city. The cost extends beyond housing, with high prices for groceries, utilities, and other essentials. This financial barrier can make it difficult for some individuals to enjoy all that Boston has to offer.
Pro: Innovative job market
The job market in Boston is robust, driven by industries such as technology, healthcare, and education. The presence of world-renowned universities and hospitals fosters an environment of innovation and research, creating numerous job opportunities. This dynamic job market attracts individuals from around the world, making Boston a city of diverse talents and ideas. For residents, this means access to a wide range of career opportunities and the chance to be at the forefront of their fields.
Con: Difficult parking and traffic
Parking in Boston can be a nightmare, with limited availability and high costs deterring even the most patient drivers. The city’s narrow, winding streets, a remnant of its colonial past, were not designed to accommodate modern traffic volumes, leading to congestion and frustration. For residents who own cars, this means dealing with the daily hassle of finding parking and navigating through heavy traffic, which can be both time-consuming and stressful.
Pro: Beautiful green spaces and public parks
Boston is home to an array of stunning green spaces and public parks, offering residents a respite from urban life. The Boston Common, America’s oldest public park, and the adjacent Boston Public Garden provide scenic walking paths, recreational facilities, and seasonal beauty. The Emerald Necklace, a series of connected parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, encircles the city, offering miles of greenery. These spaces not only enhance the city’s beauty but also promote a healthy lifestyle and community gathering.
Con: Seasonal allergies
For many Boston locals, the changing seasons bring the challenge of seasonal allergies. The city’s abundant green spaces, while beautiful, contribute to high pollen counts in the spring and fall. This can be a significant inconvenience for those sensitive to allergens, affecting their quality of life and ability to enjoy the outdoors during these times. Managing allergies becomes a part of daily life for many, requiring preparation and sometimes limiting participation in outdoor activities.
Pro: Sports culture
Boston’s sports culture is legendary, with a passionate fan base for its professional teams like the Red Sox, Celtics, Bruins, and Patriots. The city’s deep sports history and the fervent loyalty of its fans create an exciting atmosphere, especially during game days. Living in Boston means being part of this spirited culture, whether you’re attending a game at Fenway Park or watching with friends at a local bar. This shared passion brings the city together, creating a sense of belonging and community pride.
Con: Expensive dining and entertainment
While Boston offers a wide range of dining and entertainment options, the cost of enjoying these amenities can be high. From upscale restaurants in the Back Bay to tickets for shows in the Theater District, indulging in the city’s cultural offerings often comes with a steep price tag. This aspect of Boston life means that residents may have to budget carefully to enjoy the city’s culinary and entertainment scenes, potentially limiting access to these experiences for some.
Jenna is a Midwest native who enjoys writing about home improvement projects and local insights. When she’s not working, you can find her cooking, crocheting, or backpacking with her fiancé.
The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA)’s policy advocacy group, the Mortgage Action Alliance (MAA), is urging its members in the state of Massachusetts to support the continued use of remote telephone and video counseling for reverse mortgages in the state following the lapse of an exemption allowing for remote counseling.
“The provision in state law which permitted these forms of consumer counseling on reverse mortgage loans expired on March 31st via sunset,” the call explained. “Importantly, language has been introduced to emergency funding legislation that would restore these forms of counseling and make this flexibility permanent. Importantly, that language was only included in the House passed version of the emergency funding bill.”
Specifically, MAA is calling on its members to contact their representatives in the State House and Senate to urge their support of Sections 11 and 12 of H.4466, the reconciled version of the emergency budget bill.
These two sections modify existing state law to allow for counseling sessions to be conducted “by synchronous real-time video conference or by telephone,” according to the text of the bill.
The differences between the House and Senate versions of the bill are expected to be reconciled this week, according to the MAA notice. According to its most recent update on the website for the Massachusetts legislature, the committee conference implementing the reconciled version was appointed on Mar. 28.
The issue of a face-to-face reverse mortgage counseling provision has remained a specter over the state’s reverse mortgage business for years. Massachusetts is the only state in the country to require in-person reverse mortgage counseling, a requirement that caused issues and effectively halted its reverse mortgage business during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since then, there have been multiple efforts to implement and renew time-limited exceptions that allow for phone or video counseling, with certain reverse mortgage professionals within the state working in concert with trade associations to advocate for a permanent solution. While one came close to becoming law in 2023, the necessary language was ultimately not included in a budget bill and another temporary exception was put into place.
That exception expired at the end of the day on Mar. 31, but reverse mortgage industry veteran George Downey of The Federal Savings Bank in Braintree, Mass. — who has been a critical figure in the advocacy for a permanent solution — said it could happen this time.
“We’ve done as much as I think reasonably could be done to get the information to the surface so that the conference committee members, when they were evaluating these various amendments, would have some sense of what this is about and how important it is,” Downey told RMD late last week. “So, I feel a measure of confidence in that regard. I’ll be optimistic and give us 50% odds.”
Last year, MBA President and CEO Bob Broeksmit signaled that the association would be more involved in the reverse mortgage industry in 2024.
“I think that given the demographics of this country and given the record levels of home equity, it makes perfect sense for our members to focus on that product, [and to] make it as strong and sustainable, both for lenders and servicers and of course for the homeowners and their families, as it can be,” Broeksmit said in December.