The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
Being an authorized user can positively, negatively or minimally impact your credit score, depending on the primary cardholder’s financial actions surrounding monthly payments, credit history and credit utilization.
Whether you’re just starting to build your credit or have made some financial choices that have negatively impacted your credit, you’ve likely noticed that building credit isn’t easy. However, adding yourself as an authorized user on someone else’s credit card account is a useful way to establish new credit.
So, how does being an authorized user affect your credit? Let’s explore the various ways being an authorized user can impact your credit and how to start building credit using this strategy.
Table of contents:
What is an authorized user on a credit card?
An authorized user is an individual who is attached to another person’s credit card account but is not the primary cardholder. Authorized users are not legally responsible for credit card charges or ensuring on-time payments. They typically receive a credit card issued under their name, which is linked to the cardholder’s account.
However, the primary cardholder will receive the monthly statement for the card, not the authorized user. It’s the cardholder’s responsibility to complete payments for that card. Some credit lenders split charges by card so the cardholder can see which charges are being made by the authorized user.
How does being an authorized user affect your credit?
Being an authorized user on someone else’s account can both negatively and positively impact your credit. You’re taking a risk based on trust and communication that the primary cardholder will consistently complete payments on time and maintain a good credit history. Below are a few ways being an authorized user can affect your credit.
1. Help build your credit
If the primary cardholder consistently submits monthly payments on time and maintains a low credit utilization, you should see a positive impact on your credit. Before asking to be added to the account, ensure that the cardholder has a good credit history and that the credit lender they use reports it to the three major credit bureaus—Equifax®, Experian® and TransUnion®. This way, your authorized user account will eventually show up on your credit report.
2. Hurt your credit
Becoming an authorized user on someone else’s account, regardless of their relationship to you, involves taking a risk. Your credit can be negatively impacted if the primary cardholder fails to make timely payments or accumulates a high credit balance. If this happens, it’s best to remove yourself from the account to prevent any further impact on your credit.
3. Minimally impact your credit
If the card’s lender doesn’t report authorized user activity, the account won’t appear on your credit report. As a result, you won’t see any impact, positive or negative, on your credit.
How to build credit as an authorized user
Becoming an authorized user is a great way to start building credit or repairing a bad credit score. Follow the steps below to better your chances of successfully building credit through this method.
1. Choose the right credit card holder
Carefully consider who you want to ask to add you as an authorized user on their credit card account. Choose a relative or close friend who you can trust to make timely payments and who has a good credit history and low credit utilization.
2. Request to be added to the account
Kindly ask the primary cardholder to add you as an authorized user on their account. Keep in mind that not all credit lenders report authorized users to credit bureaus, so research the credit lender before proceeding with the approval process.
3. Monitor account activity and payments
Whether you’re using the credit card account or not, it’s important to communicate with the primary cardholder about payments and spending limits. While you aren’t legally responsible for submitting payments on time, you want to ensure that you’re not overspending on the account and increasing the utilization ratio—this ratio represents the proportion of your total credit limit that you’re using.
4. Regularly check your credit report
Regularly check your credit report to ensure that your authorized user activity is reported accurately and is positively affecting your credit. If you notice a negative impact on your credit, check to see if the primary cardholder is making timely payments and maintaining low credit utilization. If they aren’t, consider removing yourself from the account before your credit health worsens.
Authorized user FAQ
Below are answers to some common questions about how being an authorized user can affect your credit.
Who can be an authorized user?
Anyone can be an authorized user of a credit account. However, typically authorized users are family members, close friends, employees and legal guardians. Most commonly, authorized users are young individuals who want to build credit or have a poor credit history.
Who should you ask to add you as an authorized user?
While anyone can add you as an authorized user on their account, it’s best to ask someone you can trust and are close with. Relatives and close friends who have excellent credit and demonstrate a history of timely payments are good choices, as this behavior can further increase the likelihood of improving your credit.
Will adding someone as an authorized user hurt my credit?
Adding an authorized user to your credit account shouldn’t negatively impact your credit. If you maintain full control of the account and make payments on time, both you and the authorized user will benefit. However, if the authorized user misuses your credit on your account, both you and the authorized user can be negatively impacted.
Does removing an authorized user hurt their credit score?
Removing yourself as an authorized user on an account may affect your credit score. Removing yourself from an account with a good payment history may cause a slight decrease in your credit score, as you’re no longer benefiting from the credit account.
However, opening your own credit card as soon as you remove yourself from the other account can minimize the impact on your credit history. Additionally, if the primary cardholder isn’t making payments on time or is maxing out the card, removing yourself as an authorized user can benefit your credit. That’s why it’s important to carefully consider whose credit account you add yourself to.
What’s the difference between joint credit cards and authorized users?
Joint credit cards function exactly like a normal credit card, but they are shared by two people rather than one primary cardholder. The biggest difference between joint account holders and authorized users is that with a joint account, both parties are legally responsible for making payments on the account.
Additionally, those who apply for a joint credit card can expect to have their credit history and other financial information considered during the application process, whereas the authorized user’s typically isn’t considered.
How long until an authorized user account shows on your credit report?
The amount of time it takes for an authorized user account to show on your credit report depends on the credit bureau and when it’s reported. However, it’ll typically show up within 30 days of adding the authorized user to the account. Ultimately, being an authorized user can be a valuable tool for building credit, but it’s important to weigh the benefits and risks carefully. Not sure where to start but need help building your credit? Learn more about services offered at Lexington Law Firm and start repairing your credit today.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Sarah Raja
Associate Attorney
Sarah Raja was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona.
In 2010 she earned a bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Arizona State University. Sarah then clerked at personal injury firm while she studied for the Law School Admissions Test. In 2016, Sarah graduated from Arizona Summit Law School with a Juris Doctor degree. While in law school Sarah had a passion for mediation and participated in the school’s mediation clinic and mediated cases for the Phoenix Justice Courts. Prior to joining Lexington Law Firm, Sarah practiced in the areas of real property law, HOA law, family law, and disability law in the State of Arizona. In 2020, Sarah opened her own mediation firm with her business partner, where they specialize in assisting couples through divorce in a communicative and civilized manner. In her spare time, Sarah enjoys spending time with family and friends, practicing yoga, and traveling.
Have you been asking yourself, “Should I move to Tampa, FL?” From the thrilling rides at Busch Gardens to the serene walks along the Tampa Riverwalk, this city offers an exciting mix of excitement and relaxation. Whether you’re a fan of the arts, sports, or just looking for a sunny place to call home, Tampa’s diverse attractions and welcoming atmosphere make it a standout city. In this article, we’ll dive into the pros and cons of living in Tampa to help you figure out if it’s the right fit for you. Let’s get started.
Tampa at a Glance
Walk Score: 86 | Bike Score: 69 | Transit Score: 62
Median Sale Price: $424,000 | Average Rent for 1-Bedroom Apartment: $1,740
Tampa neighborhoods | Houses for rent in Tampa | apartments for rent in Tampa | Homes for sale in Tampa
Pro: Access to beautiful beaches
Tampa’s proximity to some of Florida’s most beautiful beaches is a major draw. Clearwater Beach and St. Pete Beach are both just a short drive away. They offer stunning white sand and crystal-clear waters ideal for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. These beaches are not only perfect for leisurely days but also provide picturesque sunsets that are truly unforgettable.
Con: Humidity and heat
Living in Tampa means dealing with high humidity and heat, especially during the summer months. It’s not uncommon for temperatures to soar into the 90s. The climate can be challenging for those not accustomed to the Gulf Coast weather. This intense heat can limit outdoor activities during peak times and may lead to higher electricity bills due to the constant need for air conditioning. For some, this weather is a significant drawback of residing in Tampa.
Pro: Outdoor recreation and activities
Tampa offers an abundance of outdoor activities and recreation options, thanks to its warm climate and natural surroundings. From kayaking on the Hillsborough River to biking along the Bayshore Boulevard, the longest continuous sidewalk in the U.S., there’s no shortage of ways to enjoy the outdoors. The city also boasts numerous parks and green spaces, such as Lettuce Lake Park. These spaces provide locals with ample opportunities for leisure and exercise.
Con: Risk of hurricanes
Located on the Gulf Coast, Tampa is susceptible to hurricanes and tropical storms, particularly during hurricane season from June to November. In fact, Tampa ranks second in the top 10 U.S. metros with the highest risk of hurricane winds. These natural disasters can cause significant damage and disrupt life for weeks or even months. Residents must be prepared for evacuation orders and have plans in place for securing their homes. The threat of hurricanes is a serious consideration for anyone thinking of moving to Tampa.
Pro: Thriving job market
The job market in Tampa is robust, with opportunities in the finance, healthcare, technology, and tourism industries. Companies like Raymond James and WellCare provide significant employment opportunities, contributing to the city’s economic growth. Tampa’s focus on innovation and business development makes it an attractive place for people looking to advance their careers or individuals looking to start new business ventures.
Con: Somewhat limited public transportation options
While Tampa has made strides in improving its public transportation system, options remain limited compared to other major cities. With a Transit Score of 62, the reliance on cars is high. There are bus services and a streetcar system in certain areas, however, the coverage is not extensive. This limitation can be a hurdle for those without personal vehicles or those who prefer to use public transit for environmental or financial reasons.
Pro: Sports and entertainment hub
Tampa is a haven for sports enthusiasts, home to professional teams like the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (NFL), Tampa Bay Lightning (NHL), and Tampa Bay Rays (MLB). The city rallies around its teams, creating a vibrant sports culture with year-round events and games. Beyond sports, Tampa hosts concerts, Broadway shows, and festivals at venues like the Amalie Arena and the Straz Center, ensuring there’s always something exciting happening.
Con: Rising cost of living
While the cost of living in Tampa is still 4% lower than the national average, living expenses has been on the rise. Tampa has been growing in popularity causing real estate prices and rents to increase year-over-year. This can make it challenging for some residents to find affordable housing. While expenses are still lower than some major US cities, the trend towards higher living costs is a concern for those moving to the area or looking to buy property.
Pro: Excellent cultural scene
From the historic Ybor City, known for its Cuban and Spanish roots, to the Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa is a hub for cultural exploration. The Gasparilla Pirate Festival, an annual event that captivates the city with parades and festivities, is a testament to Tampa’s unique local culture. This vibrant cultural scene provides an engaging lifestyle for those who appreciate art, history, and community events.
Con: Summer crowds
With its beautiful beaches and tourist attractions, Tampa becomes a hotspot for visitors during the summer months. While tourism boosts the local economy, it can also lead to overcrowded beaches, parks, and attractions, impacting residents’ enjoyment of these spaces. Planning ahead and seeking out less crowded times or places is often necessary to avoid the influx of summer crowds.
Pro: Diverse culinary scene
Tampa’s culinary scene is as diverse as its population, offering a wide range of dining options that reflect the city’s cultural mix. From authentic Cuban sandwiches in Ybor City to fresh seafood along the Gulf Coast, the food landscape in Tampa is a foodie’s delight. The city also hosts numerous food festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from craft beer to gourmet cuisine, making it an exciting place for culinary exploration.
Jenna is a Midwest native who enjoys writing about home improvement projects and local insights. When she’s not working, you can find her cooking, crocheting, or backpacking with her fiancé.
Two former New Jersey-based mortgage loan originators have been charged with conspiracy to commit bank fraud by the U.S. Attorney’s Office, District of New Jersey according to an announcement by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and U.S. Attorney Philip Sellinger.
Christopher Gallo has been recognized as a top-producing loan originator, at one point being named Scotsman Guide‘s fourth-ranked LO in America. Gallo previously shared perspectives with HousingWire on his business strategy for 2023 after enduring challenges in 2022. At the time, Gallo was employed by NJ Lenders Corp, which primarily operates in New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.
Alongside Gallo, Mehmet Elmas was also named in the complaint, filed by a special agent working under the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) at the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). The complaint says that Gallo and Elmas were employed by the same company at the time of the alleged offense, with Elmas working as Gallo’s assistant.
Gallo and Elmas have each been released on a $200,000 bond after appearing before a magistrate judge in Newark federal court, the DOJ said.
“From 2018 through October 2023, Gallo and Elmas used their positions to conspire and engage in a fraudulent scheme to falsify loan origination documents sent to mortgage lenders in New Jersey and elsewhere, including their former employer, to fraudulently obtain mortgage loans,” the DOJ alleges.
The pair allegedly “routinely mislead mortgage lenders about the intended use of properties to fraudulently secure lower mortgage interest rates,” adding they “often submitted loan applications falsely stating that the listed borrowers were the primary residents of certain proprieties when, in fact, those properties were intended to be used as rental or investment properties,” the complaint alleges.
The alleged scheme misled lenders about the “true intended use of the properties,” and “Gallo and Elmas secured and profited from mortgage loans that were approved at lower interest rates,” the DOJ claimed.
The alleged conspiracy also included falsifying property records, including “building safety and financial information of prospective borrowers to facilitate mortgage loan approval,” the DOJ alleged.
In a statement, NJ Lenders Corp told HousingWire that it is cooperating with law enforcement as the investigation progresses.
“NJ Lenders is proud of its 33 years of successfully assisting homeowners with integrity and professionalism. We are fully cooperating with law enforcement and the ongoing investigation of two former employees,” said Mark Tabakin, an attorney for NJ Lenders.
“The actions of these former employees appear to have been coordinated to benefit them financially while taking advantage of the reputation and trust of the firm,” he continued. “NJ Lenders’ work will continue uninterrupted as we provide the highest level of service to our clients.”
Gallo originated more than $1.4 billion in loans between 2018 and October 2023, according to the DOJ. When listed as the fourth top-producing LO in 2022 by Scotsman Guide, the publication placed his total volume at $1.175 billion for that year alone. One-third of his loans were purchases, with the remainder being refinances.
“The conspiracy to commit bank fraud charge carries a maximum potential penalty of 30 years in prison and a $1 million fine, or twice the gross gain or loss from the offense, whichever is greatest,” DOJ said.
Gallo joined CrossCountry Mortgage in October 2023, according to NMLS licensing information. His webpage at CCM was taken down on Wednesday, and a spokesperson for the Cleveland-based retail lender did not immediately return a request for comment.
This story has been updated with a statement from NJ Lenders Corp.
When paying back your student loans, certain repayment strategies require a 10-day payoff letter. This is a document or statement that you can obtain through your original lender. It has the final loan amount needed to fully pay off your loan at a given time, and how to make the final payment and close the account.
Your 10-day payoff amount is typically more than just your current loan balance. For this reason, getting a 10-day loan payoff statement is the best way to find out how much you need to pay to fully satisfy the loan, including all accrued interest.
You typically need a 10-day payoff statement if you want to pay off your loan early or refinance your student loans. Here’s how to get it, what it contains, and other times when it might be required.
What Is a 10-Day Payoff for Student Loans?
Even if you understand the basics of student loans, you might not be clear on what a 10-day payoff letter is and why you would ever need one.
Used with many types of loans, a 10-day payoff statement tells you the amount you owe toward your loan in order for the loan to be closed and marked as “paid in full.”
A payoff statement is not the same thing at your current loan balance. Since interest is still charged on the loan in the days leading up to the actual payoff date, your lender will add 10 days’ worth of interest to your final payoff amount. Lenders can also calculate other time frames, like a 15- or 30-day payoff amount, if needed.
Depending on whether you have federal or private loans, your 10-day payoff letter might look visually different. Generally, it will contain your full name, student loan account number(s), outstanding balance, accrued interest, any fees, total payoff amount, a “good-through” or “good-until” date, and instructions on how to pay off your current loan.
The final payoff amount that’s listed includes interest for a 10-day period, and it might also include any unpaid fees. If your loan isn’t paid off in full by the “good-through date,” you’ll need to request another 10-day payoff from your current lender for the most accurate amount.
If after weighing the pros and cons of refinancing, you determine that a refinance will be to your advantage, you’ll likely need to get a 10-day payoff letter from your current lender or loan servicer. 💡 Quick Tip: Often, the main goal of refinancing is to lower the interest rate on your student loans — federal and/or private — by taking out one loan with a new rate to replace your existing loans. Refinancing makes sense if you qualify for a lower rate and you don’t plan to use federal repayment programs or protections.
Take control of your student loans. Ditch student loan debt for good.
When You Need a 10-Day Payoff Letter
Here’s a look at three reasons why you might need a loan payoff letter.
• You’re paying off your loans: If you’re able to put a chunk of money toward student loans to close out your debt ahead of schedule, you’ll need a 10-day payoff letter to get your true final amount due. That way, you’ll be able to make a final payment that fully satisfies the loan.
• You’re refinancing your student loans: If you opt for a student loan refinance, your refinance lender will likely require a 10-day payoff letter. This informs them of how much they need to send to your current lender, and by what date, to satisfy the debt.
• You’re buying a home: Mortgage lenders might ask to see your 10-day loan payoff amount to accurately determine your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio. Your DTI informs lenders about whether you can realistically afford taking on a home loan.
How to Request a 10-Day Payoff Letter
Despite having access to your loan details through a monthly statement or your servicer’s website, your actual 10-day payoff amount is likely different from the current amount shown on your account.
Fortunately, accessing this information is relatively easy, whether you have federal or private student loans.
For Federal Student Loans
As a federal student loan borrower, your federal student loan account was assigned to one of five federal loan servicers. To find your servicer, simply log in to your StudentAid.gov account, and go to “My Loan Servicers” from your dashboard.
Once you know who your servicer is, you can contact them to request a 10-day payoff letter.
Servicer
Support Phone Number
Aidvantage
1(800) 722-1300
Edfinancial
1(855) 337-6884
ECSI
1(866) 313-3797
MOHELA
1(888) 866-4352
Nelnet
1(888) 486-4722
For Private Student Loans
To get a 10-day payoff letter for a private student loan, you’ll want to contact your current lender. Keep in mind that your private loan might have been sold to a new lender since you first accepted it.
If you’re unsure about who your lender is, you can request a copy of your credit report at annualcreditreport.com . Your credit report will list all of your past and present debt accounts, including private student loans, and the entity that owns the loan.
After identifying your lender, you can contact their borrower support phone number to get a 10-day payoff statement.
What Is the Loan Refi Timeline After a 10-day Payoff?
The way student loan refinancing works is that you take out a new loan (ideally with a lower rate and/or better terms) and use it to pay off your current student loan(s). This doesn’t happen right away, however. There is generally a 10 day pay-off process.
To make sure your new lender fully pays off your old loan (and you won’t need to make any further payments on that loan), you’ll need a 10-day payoff letter. Once you’ve obtained your 10-day payoff amount and provided the information to your new lender, you’ll want to be sure to sign your loan agreement on the same day.
Once you sign the agreement, here’s a general idea of what the 10-day refi timeline may look like:
• Days 1 to 3: A three-day cooling-off period is required by law. During this time, your new lender cannot send your payoff check. This is just in case you change your mind about the refinance loan and exercise your right to cancel.
• Day 4: The refinancing lender will send a payoff amount in one lump sum, either as a mailed check or electronically, to your current lender or servicer. Typically, you’ll receive a welcome packet from your new lender soon after that.
• Day 10: Upon receiving the payoff amount in full, your current lender will mark the loan as “paid” and close it.
Your first payment on the new loan will likely be due 30 to 45 days after the date your refinance lender sent the payoff amount to your current lender. 💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.
The Takeaway
A 10-day payoff letter tells exactly how much money you would need to pay immediately to fully satisfy your student loan debt. Refinance lenders usually require a payoff letter so they can fulfill the right payment amount on your behalf — no more, and no less, than your original lender requires to fully pay off your debt.
Knowing this final amount is also useful if you want to pay off your student loans ahead of schedule. You may also be required to submit a 10-day student loan payoff lender when you’re applying for a mortgage.
Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.
With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.
FAQ
How do I get a 10-day payoff quote?
Depending on your lender, you may be able to request a 10-day payoff letter by signing into your account online. If not, you will need to call or email your current lender or loan servicer and request a 10-day payoff statement.
Why is my payoff quote so high?
Your 10-day student loan payoff amount is typically higher than your current principal balance due to added interest. Because interest is still charged on the loan in the days leading up to the actual pay-off date, your lender will include 10 days’ worth of interest to your final payoff amount.
What is on a 10-day loan payoff?
A 10-day loan payoff letter or statement will typically include:
• Student loan account number(s)
• Outstanding balance
• Accrued interest
• Any fees
• Total payoff amount
• A “good-through” date
• Instructions on how to pay off your current loan
Photo credit: iStock/andresr
SoFi Student Loan Refinance If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
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The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) on Wednesday released a new edition of its Supervisory Highlights publication, which includes the agency’s actions to combat what it calls “junk fees charged by mortgage servicers, as well as other illegal practices.”
Examinations conducted by the bureau found mortgage servicers levied charges it deems “illegal,” including prohibited property inspection fees, the issuance of “deceptive” notices to borrowers, and violations of loss-mitigation rules. Financial institutions refunded these fees to borrowers based on CFPB findings and “stopped their illegal practices,” the agency said.
“Homeowners cannot just simply switch providers if their mortgage servicer charges them illegal junk fees,“ CFPB Director Rohit Chopra said in a statement accompanying the new publication. “Since mortgage borrowers are captive to a company they never chose to do business with, we are working hard to detect and deter violations of law.”
In addition to these findings, the bureau also claims that certain mortgage servicers failed to waive certain late fees and penalties that stem from challenges faced by borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The agency also asserted that deadlines to pay property taxes and homeowners insurance were impacted.
“Mortgage servicers that accepted or required money from borrowers to pay taxes and insurance failed to make those payments in a timely manner, which caused some borrowers to incur penalties,” the bureau stated. “Servicers only took responsibility for those penalties for missed on-time payments if homeowners submitted complaints.”
Among the allegedly deceptive notices sent to borrowers include statements that certain borrowers in financial distress “had been approved for a repayment option,” when the reality was that “no final decisions had been made, and some of the homeowners were ultimately rejected.”
CFPB examiners also found servicers sent some homeowners “false notices saying that they had missed payments and should apply for repayment options,” and that servicers also “improperly denied requests for help and failed to evaluate struggling borrowers for repayment options as required under the CFPB’s mortgage servicing rules.”
The bureau added that mortgage servicers are taking corrective actions, including changes to certain policies and procedures. Servicers are also providing refunds for any issues related to fees, the agency said.
“The CFPB has been looking at ways to streamline mortgage servicing rules, while making sure mortgage servicers fulfill their obligations to treat homeowners fairly,” the bureau added.
For many aspiring homebuyers, the dream of homeownership has become increasingly difficult to attain in recent years. A combination of soaring home prices and rising mortgage rates has made purchasing a property significantly more expensive, stretching budgets to their limits. For example, the median home price nationwide hit $417,700 in Q4 2023 — up from an average of $327,100 in Q4 2019. And, 30-year fixed mortgage rates currently average 7.30%, more than double what they were just a few years ago.
That said, it can still make sense to buy a home right now, even with today’s unique challenges looming. After all, high rates generally mean buyer competition is down, so it could be a good time to make your move. And, while you may be thinking about waiting for rates to fall, there’s no guarantee that will happen in the near future. Plus, you always have the option to refinance your mortgage loan at a lower rate if mortgage rates do eventually decline.
But getting approved for a mortgage in today’s unique landscape can prove challenging even for borrowers with strong credit and stable employment. Lenders have understandably grown more cautious in the face of economic headwinds, making the application process more rigorous. So what should you do if your mortgage loan application is denied by a lender?
Find out how affordable the right mortgage loan could be today.
Was your mortgage loan application denied? 9 steps to take
If your mortgage application has been denied, it’s important not to lose hope. There are steps you can take to improve your chances of approval:
Request the denial reasons in writing
By law, lenders must provide you with the specific reasons for denial in writing upon request. This documentation is essential, as it will allow you to precisely identify and address the problem areas that led to the rejection. Never assume you know the reasons; get them directly from the lender so you know what to focus on instead.
Explore your top mortgage loan options and apply for preapproval now.
Review your credit report
Mistakes and inaccuracies on credit reports are surprisingly common. If your mortgage loan application is denied, obtain your free annual credit reports from all three major bureaus (Experian, Equifax and TransUnion) and scrutinize them carefully. If you find any errors, dispute them with the credit bureaus to have them corrected or removed, as this could significantly boost your approval chances.
Work to improve your credit
For many buyers, a subpar credit score is the roadblock to mortgage approval. If a low credit score causes your mortgage application to be denied, take proactive steps like paying all bills on time each month, reducing outstanding balances on credit cards and other loans and avoiding opening new credit accounts in the short term. Improving your credit profile can rapidly enhance your mortgage eligibility.
Increase your down payment
Many lenders favor borrowers who can make larger down payments upfront. Not only does this lower the overall mortgage loan amount, but it demonstrates your commitment and ability as a borrower. Options to boost your upfront contribution include tapping employment bonuses, tax refunds, gifts from relatives or simply saving more aggressively.
Find a co-signer
If your own income and credit aren’t adequate for mortgage approval, applying jointly with a creditworthy co-signer could be the solution. A spouse, parent or other party with strong finances can boost the overall application through their positive profile. However, it’s imperative that all parties understand and accept the legal obligations before proceeding.
Explore government-backed loans
While conventional mortgages from banks and lenders typically have stringent requirements, loans insured by government agencies tend to have more flexibility. If you meet the eligibility criteria for an FHA, VA or USDA loan based on income limits, military service or rural location, these could represent a pathway to homeownership.
Find ways to increase your income
If you’re denied due to a high debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, finding ways to boost your monthly earnings could be the deciding factor. Options to do this include requesting a raise from your current employer, finding a higher-paying job or establishing steady side income from a second job or freelance work.
Change lenders
Not all mortgage lenders evaluate applications through the same underwriting models or with the same risk appetite. While one bank may deny you, another lender could give you a green light after reviewing the exact same financial information. So, if you’re denied a mortgage loan with one lender, it makes sense to shop around, ask questions and get multiple assessments to find the right fit.
Wait and apply again
Mortgage approvals are based on a specific snapshot of your finances at one point in time. If rejected, sometimes the best recourse is to press pause, work on improving weak areas over several months and then reapply with an updated financial profile for a fresh evaluation.
The bottom line
A denied mortgage can be disheartening, but don’t give up hope. With diligent preparation, an openness to explore alternative pathways and a willingness to make difficult but necessary changes, you may still have options to secure financing and make your homeownership dreams a reality. Ultimately, perseverance and knowledge are key when faced with today’s uniquely challenging housing market.
Angelica Leicht
Angelica Leicht is senior editor for CBS’ Moneywatch: Managing Your Money, where she writes and edits articles on a range of personal finance topics. Angelica previously held editing roles at The Simple Dollar, Interest, HousingWire and other financial publications.
Real estate investments make money through appreciation and rental income. Real estate can diversify a portfolio and act as a hedge against inflation, since landlords can pass rising costs to tenants. But the down payment on multifamily investment properties? At least 20%, or 25% to get a better rate.
It’s true that eligible borrowers may use a 0% down U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loan for a property with up to four units as long as they live there. But those loans serve a relative few and are considered residential financing. Properties with more than four units are considered commercial.
So how can a cash-poor but curiosity-rich person tap the potential of multifamily properties? By not footing the entire bill themselves.
Can You Buy a Multifamily Property With No Money?
When you buy real estate, you typically have two options: Buy with cash or finance your purchase with a mortgage loan.
There are various types of mortgages. If you take out a home loan, you’ll likely need to pay a portion of the purchase price in cash in the form of a down payment. The minimum down payment you make will depend on the type of mortgage you choose — the average down payment on a house is well under 20% — and it will help determine what terms and interest rates you’ll be offered by lenders.
This money needs to come from somewhere, but it doesn’t necessarily need to come from your own savings account. When investors buy multifamily properties with “no money down,” it just means they are using little to no personal money to cover the upfront costs.
If you don’t have much cash of your own, there are several ways that you can fund the purchase of a multifamily investment property. 💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($766,550 in most places, or $1,149,825 in many high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.
6 Ways to Pay for a Multifamily Property
Find a Co-Borrower
If you don’t have the money to front the costs of a property yourself, you may be able to partner with a family member, friend, or business partner. They may have the money to cover the down payment, and you might pull your weight by researching properties or managing them.
When you co-borrow with someone, you’ll each be responsible for the monthly mortgage payments. You’ll also share profits in the form of rents or capital gains if you sell the property.
Give an Equity Share
You may give an equity investor a share in the property to cover the down payment. Say a multifamily property costs $750,000, and you need a 20% down payment. An equity investor could give you $150,000 in exchange for 20% of the monthly rental income and 20% of the profit when the property is sold.
Borrow From a Hard Money Lender
Hard money loans are offered by private lenders or investors, not banks. The mortgage underwriting process tends to be less strict than that of traditional mortgages. Depending on the property you want to buy, no down payment may be required.
These loans (also called bridge loans) have high interest rates and short terms — one to three years is typical — with interest-only payments the norm. For this reason, they may be used by investors who may be looking to flip the property in short order, allowing them to make a profit and pay off the loan quickly.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
House Hack
House hacking refers to leveraging property you already own to generate income. For example, you might rent out an in-law suite or list your property on Airbnb.
Another option: You could rent out your primary residence and move into one of the units in a multifamily property you buy. This way, you’d probably generate more income than if you had rented out the unit to a tenant.
Finally, you could hop on the ADU bandwagon if you own a single-family home. Accessory dwelling units can take the form of a converted garage, an attached or detached unit, or an interior conversion. The rental income can be sizable. To fund a new ADU, homeowners may tap home equity, look into cash-out refinancing, or even use a personal loan.
Seek Seller Financing
If you don’t have the cash for a down payment on a property, you may be able to forgo financing from a lending institution and get help instead from the seller.
With owner financing, there are no minimum down payment requirements. Several types of seller financing arrangements exist:
• All-inclusive mortgage: The seller extends credit for the entire purchase price of the home, less any down payment.
• Junior mortgage: The buyer finances a portion of the sales price through a lending institution, while the seller finances the difference.
• Land contracts: The buyer and seller share ownership until the buyer makes the final payment on the property and receives the deed.
• Lease purchase: The buyer leases the property from the seller for a set period of time, after which the owner agrees to sell the property at previously agreed-upon terms. Lease payments may count toward the purchase price.
• Assumable mortgage: A buyer may be able to take over a seller’s mortgage if the lender approves and the buyer qualifies. FHA, VA, and USDA loans are assumable mortgages.
Invest Indirectly
Not everyone wants to become a landlord in order to add real estate to their portfolio. Luckily, they can invest indirectly, including through crowdfunding sites and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2013 allows real estate investors to pool their money through online real estate crowdfunding platforms to buy multifamily and other types of properties. The platforms give average investors access to real estate options that were once only available to the very wealthy.
REITs are companies that own various types of real estate, including apartment buildings. Investors can buy shares on the open market, and the company passes along the profits generated by rent. To qualify as a REIT, the company must pass along at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders each year.
As investment opportunities go, REITs can be a good choice for passive-income investors. 💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.
The Takeaway
Buying a multifamily property with no money down is possible if you take the roads less traveled, including leveraging other people’s money. And if you have the means to make a down payment on a property, your first step is to research possible home mortgage loans.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Can I buy a multifamily home with an FHA loan?
It is possible to buy a property with up to four units with a standard mortgage backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) if the buyer plans to live in one of the units for at least a year. The FHA considers homes with up to four units single-family housing. The down payment could be as low as 3.5%. There are loan limits.
A rarer product, an FHA multifamily loan, may be used to buy a property with five or more units. The down payment is higher. You’ll pay mortgage insurance premiums upfront and annually for any FHA loan.
Is a multifamily property considered a commercial property?
Properties with five or more units are generally considered commercial real estate. Commercial real estate loans usually have shorter terms, and higher interest rates and down payment requirements than residential loans. They almost always include a prepayment penalty.
Photo credit: iStock/jsmith
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SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
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¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Average mortgage rates inched lower yesterday. But all that did was wipe out last Friday’s similarly tiny rise.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might barely budge. However, these early mini-trends often alter direction or speed as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.302%
7.353%
+0.01
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.757%
6.836%
+0.01
30-year fixed FHA
7.064%
7.111%
-0.07
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.888%
8.036%
+0.12
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.199%
7.257%
+0.05
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.663%
6.737%
+0.06
30-year fixed VA
7.292%
7.332%
+0.01
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
This morning’s Financial Times reports, “While the base case remains a reduction in borrowing costs, the options market shows a 20% probability of an increase.” That means most investors think the Federal Reserve will cut general interest rates this year, but they reckon there’s a 20% chance of the central bank actually hiking them. That’s new and scary.
Although the Fed doesn’t directly determine mortgage rates it has a huge influence on the bond market that does. And I very much doubt mortgage rates will fall consistently before the Fed signals that a cut in general interest rates is imminent. And a Fed rate hike is likely to send mortgage rates much higher: maybe back up to 8% or beyond.
So my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes edged down to 4.6% from 4.64%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices decreased to $81.59 from $82.06 a barrel. (Good for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices fell to $2,333 from $2,350 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — climbed to 40 from 33 out of 100. (Bad for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to be unchanged or close to unchanged. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Today
This morning’s two April purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) will likely be good for mortgage rates. These “flashes” (initial readings and subject to revision) are both from S&P.
Here are this morning’s actual numbers in bold, alongside the prepublication consensus forecasts, according to MarketWatch, together with the March actual figures:
Services PMI — 50.9 actual; 52 expected; 51.7 in March
Manufacturing PMI — 51.1 actual; 52 expected; 51.9 in March
You can see that the PMIs were worse than expected, which is typically good news for mortgage rates.
Tomorrow
Tomorrow’s durable goods orders for March rarely affect mortgage rates. And they’d need to contain some pretty shocking data to do so tomorrow.
Markets are expecting those orders to have risen by 2.6% in March compared to a 1.3% increase in February. They’ll probably need to be significantly higher than 2.% to exert upward pressure on mortgage rates and appreciably lower to push them downward.
The rest of this week
Nothing has changed since yesterday concerning economic reports due on Thursday and Friday. So, I’ll repeat what I wrote yesterday:
We’re due the first reading of gross domestic product (GDP) for the January-March quarter on Thursday. And that could have a larger effect than PMIs and durable goods orders, depending on the gap between expectations and actuals.
But Friday’s personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index for March is this week’s star report. That’s the Federal Reserve’s favorite gauge of inflation. And it could certainly affect mortgage rates, possibly appreciably.
The next meeting of the Fed’s rate-setting committee is scheduled to start on Apr. 30 and last two days. So, the PCE price index will be the last inflation report it sees before making decisions.
And index that shows inflation cooling could change the mood at that meeting. True, it’s vanishingly unlikely that a cut to general interest rates will be unveiled on May 1 no matter what.
But a PCE price index that shows inflation cooling could help the Fed to move forward with cuts earlier than expected, which should cause mortgage rates to fall. Unfortunately, one that suggests inflation remains hot or is getting hotter could send those rates higher.
I’ll brief you more fully on each potentially significant report on the day before it’s published.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Apr. 18 report put that same weekly average at 7.1%, up from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Mar. 19 and the MBA’s on Apr. 18.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.7%
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
MBA
6.8%
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
In real estate investing, the BRRRR strategy is a powerful tool for building wealth. Here’s a BRRRR case study on one of my rentals. You’ll see how this strategy can be applied, showcasing the potential for significant equity growth and cash flow generation.
Table of Contents
What is BRRRR?
BRRRR stands for Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat. It’s a cyclical process where you:
Buy an undervalued property.
Rehab the property to increase its value.
Rent out the property to generate income.
Refinance the property to take cash out based on the increased value.
Repeat the process with the withdrawn cash to acquire more properties.
See my full BRRRR guide here: How to use the BRRRR Method to Buy Rentals With Less Money
You can also use my BRRRR calculator.
The Case Study
I’m a real estate investor with years of experience with the BRRRR strategy. I’ll show how I used it on a property I bought back in 2012. Here’s a breakdown of the journey:
Buying at a Discount: I purchased the property for $109,000, securing a good deal through a short sale.
Rehabilitation: Minor repairs and cosmetic upgrades were done for around $12,000.
Renting for Cash Flow: The property was rented out for $1,300 per month.
Cash-Out Refinance: Two years later, after property values appreciated, I refinanced the property at $143,500. This allowed me to recoup his initial investment and repairs, along with an additional $17,000.
The Results: Today, the property is estimated to be worth $415,000. I enjoy a positive cash flow even after factoring in property management and enjoy significant equity in the property.
Video of BRRRR Case Study
Key Takeaways
Buying below market value creates instant equity.
Refinancing can be a powerful tool to access capital for further investment.
BRRRR allows you to build wealth through both cash flow and equity appreciation.
Important Considerations
Not all properties are suitable for BRRRR. Careful analysis is crucial.
Market conditions can impact the success of the strategy.
Refinancing involves additional costs and considerations.
Conclusion
The BRRRR strategy, as demonstrated in this case study, can be a successful approach to real estate investing. By strategically acquiring properties, making improvements, and leveraging refinancing, investors can build wealth and achieve financial freedom.
Are you interested in learning more about the BRRRR strategy and how it can benefit you?
If you’ve owned your car for several years, it may be a source of cash even if you don’t want to sell it. Enter auto equity loans, which lets you turn the equity you have in your car into a loan you can use for any purpose.
While the risks and interest rates may not be suitable for every borrower, a strategic approach to this loan can quickly get you the cash you need. Here’s how to tell if a car equity loan makes sense for you.
How Auto Equity Loans Work
Vehicle equity loans depend on how much a borrower’s car is worth versus how much they owe on the car. For example, say your car is worth $15,000. You’re almost finished paying off your car loan and only owe $1,000 on it. So, you have $14,000 of equity you can leverage with an auto equity loan.
Your equity in your vehicle is the basis for a loan, and terms vary by lender. For example, some lenders may loan a maximum of 100% of your auto equity, while others loan 125%.
Like any loan, a car equity loan comes with terms and conditions. This includes the interest rate, repayment schedule, and loan fees.
However, the unique aspect of auto equity loans is the vehicle serves as collateral. The advantage is that you can obtain better terms and rates than an unsecured loan. The downside is that the failure to repay the loan gives the lender the right to repossess the vehicle to recoup their losses.
Auto Equity Loan vs. Auto Title Loan
Auto title loans and car equity loans sound similar, but they have stark differences with severe implications for borrowers. Auto equity loans allow you to turn the equity you have in your car into a loan you’ll repay over the coming months or years. Defaulting on the loan can result in repossession, but the loan terms are typically affordable enough for borrowers to avoid this outcome.
Auto title loans also use equity in your car but have harsher terms and rates. Typically, auto title loans give the borrower one month to repay the loan with higher interest rates than auto equity loans.
The sole upside is that these loans have minimal credit requirements, making them accessible to more borrowers. The downside is that the loan terms are so stringent that borrowers often fail to repay the loan within 30 days, default, and lose their vehicle. 💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. SoFi personal loans come with no-fee options, and no surprises.
How to Get an Auto Equity Loan
Getting an auto equity loan means assessing your equity, finding a lender, and applying. Here’s the step-by-step guide:
Check Your Equity Level
Get an accurate estimate of your car’s current market value. An online tool, such as Kelley Blue or Edmunds, can help. Once you know the value, subtract any outstanding loan balance on your car from it. The result is your equity. Remember, lenders use the equity amount to determine the maximum loan amount you can receive.
Shop for a Lender
Look for reputable lenders that offer auto equity loans. Specifically, auto lenders, credit unions, and online lenders offer these loans. Peruse customer reviews and gather offer information, including interest rates and loan fees. In addition, lenders have different eligibility requirements, such as equity amount and credit score standards.
Apply for the Loan
Once you choose your lender, prepare the required documentation for the application, including proof of income, identification, vehicle title, and proof of insurance. Then, you can apply using your lender’s website, visiting a physical location, or contacting the lender by phone.
If approved, carefully review the loan terms before accepting. Pay attention to interest rates, repayment schedules, and any fees associated with the loan.
Pros and Cons of an Auto Equity Loan
Like any financial decision, getting a car equity loan has advantages and disadvantages. Here are some potential pros of auto equity loans:
• Competitive interest rates: Because you secure the loan with your vehicle, you’ll likely get a lower interest rate than an unsecured loan or credit card.
• Less-stringent approval: Because a car secures the loan, borrowers with lower credit scores or a less-than-perfect credit history are more likely to qualify.
• Quick funding: Auto equity loans often provide a faster funding process than traditional loans. In some cases, borrowers can receive funds within a day of approval.
• Customizable terms: Some auto equity lenders may offer flexibility in repayment schedules, allowing borrowers to customize the loan terms to better suit their financial situation. For example, you can shorten the term to reduce how long the loan lasts, reducing total interest costs.
However, consider the following cons as well:
• Risk of losing your car auto equity: Auto equity loans are secured loans, meaning the vehicle serves as collateral. If you fail to repay the loan according to the agreed-upon terms, the lender can repossess and sell your car.
• Full-coverage insurance requirements: Many auto equity lenders require borrowers to maintain full-coverage insurance on the vehicle throughout the loan period. This coverage costs more than minimum liability insurance.
• Uncommon among lenders: While auto equity loans are available, they might not be as common or widely offered as other types of loans. This drawback can limit the options available to borrowers. In addition, your current auto lender might not offer this loan, meaning you’ll end up having auto loans with multiple lenders.
Auto Equity Loan Alternatives
A vehicle equity loan is just one way to get the financial assistance you need. Other loan tools are available. Here are some to consider.
Personal Loans
Personal loans can be used for various purposes, including financing a car or covering regular expenses. Unlike car equity loans, personal loans are unsecured, meaning they do not require collateral like your vehicle.
Interest rates on personal loans can vary based on your creditworthiness and may be higher because they don’t have collateral. However, borrowers with higher credit scores generally qualify for lower interest rates. Personal loans usually have fixed monthly payments over a predetermined term.
New Credit Card
Credit card companies frequently offer credit cards with low or no APR to draw new customers. So, you can apply for a new card and take advantage of the promotional interest rate. For example, if you get a new card with 0% APR for one year, you only have to make the minimum payment on the balance each month for the first 12 months.
This feature allows you to accrue debt without paying it back immediately. Just remember that when the promo period ends, any balance will start accruing the card’s regular APR.
In addition, credit cards are unsecured, so no collateral is needed.
Home Equity Loan
A home equity loan is like a car equity loan, but it uses the equity in your home instead of your vehicle. It is a secured loan because your home serves as collateral, and the debt becomes a second mortgage.
Home equity loans typically have fixed interest rates and fixed monthly payments over a specific term. The loan amounts can be larger because homeowners can build up hundreds of thousands of dollars of equity to tap.
Plus, interest rates on home equity loans are often lower than those on unsecured loans. However, you could lose your home if you default on the loan.
Auto Loan Refinance
Car loan refinancing involves replacing your existing auto loan with a new one, usually with better terms such as a lower interest rate or an extended repayment period. Doing so usually lowers your monthly payment, making your loan more affordable. 💡 Quick Tip: In a climate where interest rates are rising, you’re likely better off with a fixed interest rate than a variable rate, even though the variable rate is initially lower. On the flip side, if rates are falling, you may be better off with a variable interest rate.
The Takeaway
Car equity loans leverage a vehicle’s equity for access to cash with low waiting times. While offering advantages such as potentially lower interest rates and quick funding, they can also pose significant risks, including possibly losing the car. Full-coverage insurance requirements and the relative uncommonness of these loans among lenders add to their drawbacks.
Individuals considering auto equity loans should carefully assess their financial situation and alternatives, exploring options like personal loans, credit cards, home equity loans, or auto loan refinancing. Thorough research into reputable lenders is crucial to making an informed decision that aligns with their financial needs and goals.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.
FAQ
Is it good to have equity in your car?
It’s good to have equity in your car because you can use it as collateral to get an auto equity loan or sell your car for a profit.
Can you cash out auto equity?
You can turn the equity you have in your car into cash with a cash-out refinance from a lender. Doing so will provide you with a lump sum equal to your equity amount and replace your current auto loan with a new loan with an accordingly larger balance.
Is it a good idea to get an auto equity loan?
If you have thousands of dollars in equity and can’t access other forms of debt, a vehicle equity loan can provide a quick solution. However, it’s crucial to carefully evaluate if you can afford the monthly payments before deciding. Otherwise, you may lose your car if you fail to repay the loan.
Photo credit; iStock/sturti
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