Borrowing money for home repairs and other projects this spring can be very expensive. For example, if you take on debt via a 24-month personal loan, you can expect to pay an average interest rate of 12.49%, according to the Federal Reserve. Credit cards charge even higher rates at an average of 21.47% currently.
One way to borrow money at a typically lower rate than credit cards or personal loans is to tap into your home equity with a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC). However, there are pros and cons to borrowing against your home equity to finance spring repairs, and you might find that certain situations make this financing more feasible than others.
Learn more about the best home equity loan rates you could qualify for here.
When to use home equity for spring repairs, according to experts
Tapping into your home equity can provide several benefits, like saving money on interest charges in the long run and improving your home. Some specific situations to consider using home equity for spring repairs include:
Lowering your taxes
If you can find a way to borrow against your home equity in a way that lowers your total tax liability more than the cost of borrowing, that could be worth it. Through 2025, interest on home equity loans and HELOCs may be deductible if used for making substantial improvements to your home, provided that you meet other stipulations.
“Whether you’re boosting potential resale value or enhancing your home, using home equity for repairs is a great choice, capitalizing on lower interest rates in comparison to unsecured consumer loans, and potential tax deductions,” says Kelly Miskunas, head of capital markets at Better.
That said, tax considerations are not one-size-fits-all.
“Remember to seek personalized tax advice tailored to your financial circumstances,” says Miskunas.
Compare today’s best home equity borrowing options online now.
Improving energy efficiency
Home equity funds could also be beneficial when put toward making energy-efficient upgrades to your home. Doing so could help you lower monthly utility bills, says Karl Jacob, CEO at LoanSnap.
Also, energy efficiency upgrades like adding solar panels and batteries “have substantial tax rebates,” says Jacob. “It’s definitely worth checking the federal and state rules on this.”
Doing important maintenance
Your home equity can also be useful for affording maintenance issues that save you money or boost your home’s value overall.
“Ignoring items that need repair can turn a small repair into a major, costly project,” says Michael Micheletti, chief communications officer at Unlock Technologies.
Home equity financing can also help you afford the required maintenance.
“Taking care of needed repairs also is part of most homeowners’ association regulations; many will impose fees if repairs are not attended to in a timely manner,” says Michaeletti.
When to not use home equity for spring repairs, according to experts
While using home equity for spring repairs is often helpful, not every homeowner benefits from this borrowing. Consider alternatives when:
You don’t have a clear repayment plan
Tapping into your home equity might help you afford the upfront cost of home renovations, but if you don’t have a clear repayment plan, you’re risking a lot.
“When you get a home equity loan or HELOC, it’s important to remember that the loan you’re obtaining is secured by your home as collateral. That means if you do not make timely payments on your loan, the lender has the right to foreclose,” says Miskunas.
So, make sure you know what you’re getting into ahead of time.
“If you don’t have a plan to repay the loan, don’t take the loan,” says Jacob.
You have significant high-interest debt
If you have a lot of existing high-interest debt, you might be better off taking care of that first, before making repairs or upgrades to your home. Rather, you might use home equity financing for debt consolidation instead, which could lower your monthly payments.
“If you have a lot of high-interest debt, like credit cards, use the loan to pay those off before you consider home improvements. We generally advise that you first reduce your debt payments as much as possible since you can then use the extra cash to make the improvements and save money for the long run,” says Jacob.
You’re planning to move soon
If you’re not going to keep your home for a while, it might not be worth going through the cost and effort of taking out a home equity loan and living through home improvement projects. Instead, you might let the next buyer deal with repairs.
“For most repairs, the price can be negotiated into the sale of the home,” notes Micheletti.
The bottom line
Tapping into your home equity can be a great way for many homeowners to afford home improvements this spring, and there are several ways to go about this borrowing. While home equity loans and HELOCs are popular options, some homeowners find that a cash-out refinance works best, such as if you have the ability to lower your overall mortgage rate. Also, some seniors might prefer taking out a reverse mortgage instead so they don’t have to pay back the loan while living in the home.
That said, borrowing against your home equity isn’t without risk. You want to make sure you can afford repayments or understand that it can affect your proceeds if selling your home — or if you move out, in the case of reverse mortgages.
A lower credit score doesn’t necessarily mean a lender will deny you a home equity loan. It does mean the loan will be more expensive, as you won’t get the lowest interest rate.
It’s possible to get a home equity loan with a fair credit score — as low as 620 — as long as other requirements around debt, equity and income are met.
Strategies for getting a loan despite your bad credit include taking on a co-signer, applying to a place where you currently bank, and writing a letter of explanation to the lender.
Alternatives to a home equity loan include personal loans, cash-out refinances, reverse mortgages and shared equity agreements.
Can you get a home equity loan with bad credit?
Yes, you can. A lower credit score doesn’t necessarily mean a lender will deny you a home equity loan. Some home equity lenders allow for FICO scores in the “fair” range (the lower 600s) as long as you meet other requirements around debt, equity and income.
That’s not to say it’ll be easy: Lenders tend to be stringent, even more so than they are with mortgages. Still, it’s not impossible. Here’s how to get a home equity loan (even) with bad credit.
Requirements for home equity loans
Not all home equity lenders have the exact same borrowing criteria, of course. Still, general guidelines do exist. Typical requirements for home equity loan applicants include:
A minimum credit score of 620
At least 15 percent to 20 percent equity in your home
A maximum debt-to-income (DTI) ratio of 43 percent, or up to 50 percent in some cases
On-time mortgage payment history
Stable employment and income
To learn the requirements for a home equity loan with a specific lender, you’ll need to do some research online or contact a loan officer directly. If you aren’t ready to apply for the loan just yet, ask for a no-credit check prequalification to avoid having the loan inquiry affect your credit score.
What are “good” and “bad” scores for home equity loans?
First, let’s define our terms. Here’s how FICO — the most popular credit scoring model — categorizes different scores:
Score
Classification
Source: MyFico.com
300-579
Poor
580-669
Fair
670-739
Good
740-799
Very Good
800-850
Excellent
When it comes to home equity loans, lenders set a high bar for creditworthiness — higher, even, than mortgages. That’s because they are considered riskier than mortgages: You, the applicant, are already carrying a big debt load. Should you default and your home get seized, the home equity loan — as a “second lien” — only gets paid after the primary (the original) mortgage.
Furthermore, home equity loans don’t have government backing, like some mortgages do. The lender bears all the risk.
So home equity lenders set stricter criteria, demanding scores squarely in the “fair” range. A score in the 500s – good enough for an FHA mortgage — will have a tough time qualifying for a home equity loan. Some lenders have loosened their standards of late and are approving applicants with scores as low as 620. But a “good” score, preferably above 700, remains the threshold for many institutions. It can vary even within one lender, depending on factors like the loan amount or other loan terms.
And of course — as with any loan — the lower your credit score, the less likely you will qualify for the best interest rates.
How to apply for a bad credit home equity loan
Before applying for a home equity loan, remember that it’s not just a question of getting the financing, but also how you can overcome a lower credit score to get the best possible rate. Here are some steps to take:
1. Check your credit report
While it’s possible to get a home equity loan with bad credit, it’s still wise to do all you can to improve your score before you apply (more on that below). A better credit score gets you a better rate. It can also help you get a bigger loan (up to the tappable amount of your equity, of course).
Check your credit reports at AnnualCreditReport.com to get a sense of where you stand. If there are any errors, like incorrect contact information, contact the credit bureau — Equifax, Experian or TransUnion — to get it updated as soon as possible.
2. Determine your equity level
To qualify for a home equity loan, lenders typically require at least 15 percent or 20 percent equity. The amount of equity you have, your home’s appraised value and combined loan-to-value (CLTV) ratio help determine how much you can borrow.
Home Equity
Bankrate’s home equity loan calculator can quickly estimate your potential home equity loan amount.
To estimate your home’s equity, take the value of your home and subtract the balance left on your mortgage. While lenders will only consider the official appraised value of your home when determining how much you can borrow, you can get an idea of your home’s value through Bankrate or a real estate listing portal or brokerage. Let’s say your home is worth $420,000 and you have $250,000 to pay on your mortgage:
$420,000 – $250,000 = $170,000
In this example, you’d have $170,000 in home equity. That doesn’t mean you can borrow $170,000, however. If the lender requires you to maintain at least 20 percent equity, you’d need to preserve $84,000 ($420,000 * 0.20). That leaves you with a home equity loan of up to $86,000 ($170,000 – $84,000).
Say you want to add a $60,000 home equity loan to the mix. That would increase your total mortgage debt — for both your first mortgage and the home equity loan — from $250,000 to $310,000.
That 20 percent equity requirement also means you’d need a CLTV ratio of 80 percent or lower. To calculate your CLTV ratio, divide the total mortgage debt ($310,000) by the value of your home ($420,000):
($250,000 + $60,000) / $420,000 = 73.8%
In this example, you’d be under the lender’s 80 percent CLTV requirement.
3. Find out your DTI ratio
The DTI ratio is a measure lenders use to determine whether you can reasonably afford to take on more debt. To calculate your DTI ratio, simply divide your monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income. For example, say you bring in $6,000 a month in income and have a $2,200 monthly mortgage payment and a $110 monthly student loan payment:
$2,310 / $6,000 x 100 = 38.5%
To make things even easier, you can use Bankrate’s DTI calculator.
For a home equity loan, most lenders look for a DTI ratio of no more than 43 percent.
4. Consider a co-signer
If your credit disqualifies you for a home equity loan, a co-signer with better credit might be able to help, in some cases.
“A co-signer can help with credit and income issues for an applicant who has a lower credit score, but ultimately the main applicant or primary borrower will have to have at least the bare minimum credit score that is required based on the bank’s underwriting guidelines,” says Ralph DiBugnara, president of Home Qualified, a real estate platform for buyers, sellers and investors.
A co-signer is just as responsible for repaying the loan as the primary borrower, even if they don’t actually intend to make payments. If you fall behind on loan payments, their credit suffers along with yours.
5. Try a lender you already work with
If your bank, credit union or mortgage lender offers home equity products, it might be able to extend some flexibility, or at least help with your application, since you’re an existing customer.
“A loan officer familiar with the details of an applicant’s situation can help them present it to an underwriter in the best possible way,” says DiBugnara.
6. Write a letter to the lender
Write a letter of explanation describing why your credit score is low, especially if it has taken a recent hit. This letter should matter-of-factly explain credit issues — avoid catastrophizing — and include any relevant paperwork, like bankruptcy documentation. If your credit score was impacted by late payments due to job loss, for example, but you’re employed now, your lender can take this context into consideration.
Lenders that offer home equity loans with bad credit
There are home equity lenders that offer loans to borrowers with lower credit scores. Here are some to consider, along with requirements:
Lender
Bankrate Score (scale of 1-5)
Loan types
Credit score minimum
Maximum CLTV
Maximum DTI
Figure
4.37
HELOC
640
75%-90%
Undisclosed
Guaranteed Rate
3.3
HELOC
620
90%-95%
50%
Spring EQ
2.7
Home equity loan, HELOC
620 for home equity loans, 680 for HELOCs
Up to 97.5%
43%
TD Bank
4.0
Home equity loan, HELOC
660
Undisclosed
Undisclosed
Connexus Credit Union
3.5
Home equity loan, HELOC
640
90%
Undisclosed
Discover
4.4
Home equity loan
660
90%
43%
Pros and cons of getting a home equity loan with bad credit
Getting a home equity loan with bad credit has its benefits and drawbacks. You can tap your equity to help with expenses, but it’s also risky.
Pros
You’ll pay a fixed rate: Home equity loans are for a fixed sum at a fixed interest rate, so you’ll know exactly how much your payment is each month. This can help you budget for and reliably pay down debt, which can help boost your credit score.
You could get out of costlier debt: If you have high-interest debt — like credit card debt — you could pay it off with a lower-rate home equity loan, then repay that loan, with one payment, for less.
Cons
You’re taking on more debt: If you’ve had trouble managing money in the past, it might not be wise to take on more debt with a home equity loan, even if you qualify.
It’ll be more expensive: A lower credit score won’t qualify you for the best home equity loan rates, meaning you’ll pay more in interest.
You could lose your home: If you fall behind on loan payments, you’ll further damage your credit. Even worse: If you’re eventually unable to pay back the loan, your home could go into foreclosure.
What to do if your home equity loan application is denied
If your application for a home equity loan is rejected, don’t despair. First, ask the lender for specific reasons why your application was denied. The answer can help you address any issues before applying in the future.
If your credit was one of the deciding factors, you can improve your score by making on-time payments and paying down any outstanding debt. If you don’t have enough equity in your home, wait until you’ve built a bigger stake (mainly by making your monthly mortgage payments) before submitting a new application.
Both these approaches may take a half-year to a year to make a significant difference in your credit profile. If you’re in more of a hurry, consider applying to other lenders, as their criteria may differ. Just bear in mind that more lenient terms often mean higher interest rates or fees.
And of course, you can consider other forms of financing.
Home equity loan alternatives if you have bad credit
If you need cash but have bad credit, a home equity loan is just one option. Here are some alternatives:
Personal loans
Personal loans can be easier to qualify for than a home equity product, and they aren’t tied to your home. This means that if you fail to repay the loan, the lender can’t go after your house. Personal loans have higher interest rates, however, and shorter repayment terms. This translates to a more expensive monthly payment compared to what you might get with a home equity loan.
Cash-out refinance
In a cash-out refinance, you take out a brand-new mortgage for more than what you owe on your existing mortgage, pay off the existing loan and take the difference in cash. Most lenders require you to maintain at least 20 percent equity in your home in order to cash out.
A caveat, however: A cash-out refi makes the most sense when you can qualify for a lower rate than what you have on your current mortgage, and if you can afford the closing costs. With bad credit, getting that lower rate might not be possible.
Reverse mortgage
Reverse mortgages allow homeowners over the age of 62 to tap their home’s equity as a source of tax-free income. These types of loans need to be repaid upon your death or when you move out or sell the home. You can use reverse mortgages for anything from medical expenses to home renovations, but you must meet some requirements to qualify.
Shared equity agreement
Home equity investment companies might work with you even if you have a lower credit score, often lower than what traditional lenders would accept. These companies offer shared equity agreements in which you receive a lump sum in exchange for an ownership percentage in your home and/or its appreciation.
Unlike with home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) or home equity loans, you don’t make monthly repayments in a shared equity arrangement. Some companies wait until you sell your home, then collect what they’re owed; others have multi-year agreements in which you’ll pay the balance in full at the end of a stated period.
Make sure you understand all the terms of this complex arrangement. Technically, you’re not borrowing money, you’re selling a stake in your home — to a financial professional who naturally wants to see a return on their investment.
How to get a HELOC with bad credit
Applying for a HELOC is pretty much the same as applying for a home equity loan, but if you have bad credit, a loan might have a slight edge over the line of credit. That’s because home equity loans have fixed interest rates and fixed payments, so you’ll know exactly what you need to repay each month. This predictability could help you better manage your budget and keep up with payments.
A HELOC, on the other hand, has a variable rate, which can cause unexpected increases in your monthly payments. For this reason, lenders often have higher credit score criteria for HELOCs than home equity loans.
Tips for improving your credit before getting a home equity loan
To increase your chances of getting approved for a home equity loan, work on improving your credit score well before applying — at least several months. Here are three tips to help you improve your score:
Pay bills on time every month. At the very least, make the minimum payment, but try to pay the balance off completely, if possible — and don’t miss that due date.
Don’t close credit cards after you pay them off. Either leave them open or charge just enough to have a small, recurring payment every month. That’s because closing a card reduces your credit utilization ratio, which can decrease your score. The recommended utilization ratio: no more than 30 percent.
Be cautious with new credit. Getting a higher credit limit on a card or getting a new card can lower your credit utilization ratio — but not if you immediately max things out or blow through the bigger balance. Treat the newly available funds as sacred savings.
FAQ on getting a home equity loan with bad credit
In general, it’s better to get a home equity loan with bad credit. A home equity loan often has a lower credit score requirement compared to a HELOC, and it comes with a fixed interest rate, so your payment will be the same every month, making it easier to plan for.
Yes — in fact, this is the rule for any type of loan, including a home equity product. The higher your credit score, the lower your interest rate.
Daily average mortgage rates jumped to their highest level since last November after last week’s disappointing inflation report
SEATTLE, April 18, 2024–(BUSINESS WIRE)–(NASDAQ: RDFN) —The median U.S. home-sale price increased 5% from a year earlier during the four weeks ending April 14, bringing it to $380,250—just $3,095 shy of June 2022’s all-time high. That’s according to a new report from Redfin (redfin.com), the technology-powered real estate brokerage.
The average daily mortgage rate this week surpassed 7.4%, the highest level since last November, after a hotter-than-expected inflation report and the Fed’s confirmation that interest-rate cuts will be delayed. The combination of high mortgage rates and prices have brought homebuyers’ median monthly housing payment to a record $2,775, up 11% year over year.
There are signals that buyers are out there touring homes despite rising rates. Mortgage-purchase applications are up 5% week over week, and Redfin’s Homebuyer Demand Index—a measure of requests for tours and other buying services from Redfin agents—is near its highest level in seven months. Chen Zhao, Redfin’s economic research lead, said some house hunters are hoping to buy now because they’re concerned rates could rise more, and others have grown accustomed to elevated rates and pushed down their home-price budget accordingly.
“Home sales are slower than usual, but there are still people buying and selling because if not now, when?” said Connie Durnal, a Redfin Premier agent in Dallas. “I’ve had a few prospective buyers touring homes for the last several years, since mortgage rates started going up, and they wish they would have bought last year because prices and rates are even higher now. My advice to them: If you can afford to and you find a house you love, buy now. There’s no guarantee that rates will come down soon.”
For more of Redfin economists’ takes on the housing market, including how current financial events are impacting mortgage rates, please visit Redfin’s “From Our Economists” page.
Leading indicators
Indicators of homebuying demand and activity
Value (if applicable)
Recent change
Year-over-year change
Source
Daily average 30-year fixed mortgage rate
7.41% (April 17)
Up from 7% one month earlier; highest level since November 2023
Increased 5% from a week earlier (as of week ending April 12)
Down 10%
Mortgage Bankers Association
Redfin Homebuyer Demand Index (seasonally adjusted)
Up 8% from a month earlier (as of week ending April 14)
Down 11%
Redfin Homebuyer Demand Index, a measure of requests for tours and other homebuying services from Redfin agents
Touring activity
Up 33% from the start of the year (as of April 14)
At this time last year, it was up 23% from the start of 2023
ShowingTime, a home touring technology company
Google searches for “home for sale”
Unchanged from a month earlier (as of April 14)
Down 17%
Google Trends
Key housing-market data
U.S. highlights: Four weeks ending April 14, 2024
Redfin’s national metrics include data from 400+ U.S. metro areas, and is based on homes listed and/or sold during the period. Weekly housing-market data goes back through 2015. Subject to revision.
Four weeks ending April 14, 2024
Year-over-year change
Notes
Median sale price
$380,250
4.7%
Median asking price
$413,225
6.4%
Biggest increase since Oct. 2022; all-time high
Median monthly mortgage payment
$2,775 at a 6.88% mortgage rate
10.6%
All-time high
Pending sales
86,086
-2.3%
New listings
93,332
10.8%
Active listings
832,748
9.6%
Months of supply
3.3 months
+0.4 pts.
4 to 5 months of supply is considered balanced, with a lower number indicating seller’s market conditions.
Share of homes off market in two weeks
42.6%
Down from 44%
Median days on market
35
-1 day
Share of homes sold above list price
29.2%
Essentially unchanged
Share of homes with a price drop
5.9%
+1.6 pts.
Average sale-to-list price ratio
99.2%
+0.2 pts.
Metro-level highlights: Four weeks ending April 14, 2024
Redfin’s metro-level data includes the 50 most populous U.S. metros. Select metros may be excluded from time to time to ensure data accuracy.
Metros with biggest year-over-year increases
Metros with biggest year-over-year decreases
Notes
Median sale price
Anaheim, CA (24.8%)
Providence, RI (14.6%)
Nassau County, NY (14.3%)
West Palm Beach, FL (13.5%)
New Brunswick, NJ (13.1%)
San Antonio, TX (-1%)
Declined in just 1 metro
Pending sales
San Jose, CA (25.6%)
San Francisco (11.2%)
Oakland, CA (7.1%)
Columbus, OH (6.7%)
Seattle (6.4%)
Nassau County, NY (-14.9%)
Atlanta (-13.6%)
Houston (-11.6%)
Riverside, CA (-10.8%)
Fort Lauderdale, FL (-10%)
Increased in 14 metros
New listings
San Jose, CA (46.6%)
Sacramento, CA (27.6%)
Phoenix (27.4%)
Jacksonville, FL (27.2%)
Dallas (22.9%)
Newark, NJ (-12.4%)
Providence, RI (-6.3%)
Milwaukee (-4.6%)
Chicago (-4.5%)
Detroit (-3.1%)
Declined in 9 metros
To view the full report, including charts, please visit: https://www.redfin.com/news/housing-market-update-home-prices-mortgage-rates-increase
About Redfin
Redfin (www.redfin.com) is a technology-powered real estate company. We help people find a place to live with brokerage, rentals, lending, title insurance, and renovations services. We run the country’s #1 real estate brokerage site. Our customers can save thousands in fees while working with a top agent. Our home-buying customers see homes first with on-demand tours, and our lending and title services help them close quickly. Customers selling a home can have our renovations crew fix it up to sell for top dollar. Our rentals business empowers millions nationwide to find apartments and houses for rent. Since launching in 2006, we’ve saved customers more than $1.6 billion in commissions. We serve more than 100 markets across the U.S. and Canada and employ over 4,000 people.
Redfin’s subsidiaries and affiliated brands include: Bay Equity Home Loans®, Rent.™, Apartment Guide®, Title Forward® and WalkScore®.
For more information or to contact a local Redfin real estate agent, visit www.redfin.com. To learn about housing market trends and download data, visit the Redfin Data Center. To be added to Redfin’s press release distribution list, email [email protected]. To view Redfin’s press center, click here.
View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240418348073/en/
When you pay off your mortgage, you may have some paperwork and account switching (such as property taxes) to take care of. And you may look forward to greater cash flow.
But is paying off a mortgage always the right move? In some cases, a person who is about to pay off a mortgage may want to consider a couple of options that could make more sense for their particular financial situation.
Learn more about the payoff path and alternatives here.
Pros and Cons of Paying Off Your Mortgage
Paying off your mortgage is a fantastic milestone to reach, but it’s not without trade-offs. Here are a few considerations to help you make the best decision for your situation.
Pros of Paying Off a Mortgage
Cons of Paying Off a Mortgage
No monthly payment
May lose tax deduction
No more interest paid to the lender
Your cash is all tied up in your home’s equity
More cash in your pocket each month
If you pay extra to pay off your home, you may miss out on investment strategies
You’ll need less income in retirement
Lost opportunity costs for other uses for your money
Greatly reduced risk of foreclosure
No tax deduction for mortgage interest, if you’re among the few who still take the deduction
💡 Quick Tip: Thinking of using a mortgage broker? That person will try to help you save money by finding the best loan offers you are eligible for. But if you deal directly with an online mortgage lender, you won’t have to pay a mortgage broker’s commission, which is usually based on the mortgage amount.
What Happens When You Pay Off Your Mortgage?
Here’s how mortgage payoff works:
• To get the amount you need to pay off your mortgage, the first thing you need to do is request a mortgage payoff letter. If you pay the amount on your last statement, you won’t have the right amount. A mortgage payoff letter will include the appropriate fees and the amount of interest through the day you’re planning to pay the loan off.
• Know that the payoff letter is only good for a set amount of time, and make sure to get your payment in on time.
• Follow the instructions you’re given about where and how to submit the payment.
• Once you’ve sent the payoff amount, your mortgage lender is responsible for sending you and the county recorder documentation to release the mortgage and lien on your home.
• You should be sent any funds remaining in escrow.
• You will want to contact your insurance company about this change if your insurance was paid along with your mortgage payment and have the bills switched over to you directly.
• If your property taxes were paid as part of your mortgage, you will want to contact your local tax collector about shifting those bills to you as well.
What Documents Do You Get After Paying Off a Mortgage?
After paying off your mortgage, you should receive (or have access to) documents proving you paid off the mortgage and no longer have a lien attached to your home. These include:
• Satisfaction or release of mortgage. This document will be filed with the county recorder (or other applicable recording agency). It states that the mortgage has been satisfied and the lien released.
• A canceled promissory note. When you closed on your home, one of the documents you signed was called a promissory note. Now that the mortgage has been satisfied, you may receive this document back with a “canceled” or “paid in full,” though it’s also possible you may have to call and request the document.
• A statement on the paid-off loan balance. Your lender should send you a statement showing that your loan has been paid in full.
What Should You Do After Paying Off Your Mortgage?
After you pay off your mortgage, you’ll need to take care of a few housekeeping items (a couple are mentioned above).
• Close your escrow account. Since you’re no longer sending a mortgage payment to a mortgage servicer, you’ll need to take care of the items in your escrow account, primarily your taxes and homeowners insurance.
• Contact your county recorder’s office to double-check that the mortgage satisfaction paperwork has been filed. Once that has been filed, you will have a clear title on the property.
• Make plans for the extra money. Whether you want to make a bigger push in your retirement account, enlarge your emergency fund, or pay off other debts, you now likely have more cash to do it with. If you don’t make plans for the extra money, it might just evaporate.
Recommended: 2024 Home Loan Help Center
Is Prepaying a Good Idea?
Generally, paying off your mortgage early is a great idea. It reduces the principal, which in turn reduces the amount you’ll pay in interest over the life of your loan. Still, there are reasons that some homeowners consider not paying their mortgage off early.
Most lenders do not charge a prepayment penalty, but home loans signed before January 10, 2014, may include one. Nonconforming mortgage loans signed after that date may have a prepayment penalty that applies within the first three years of repayment. (The different types of mortgage loans include conforming and nonconforming conventional mortgages.)
The best way to find out if prepayment is subject to a penalty is to call your mortgage servicer. The terms of your mortgage paperwork should also outline whether or not you have a prepayment penalty.
Should You Refinance Instead?
Another option you may consider is refinancing your mortgage. There are several reasons you may want to refinance instead of paying off your mortgage.
Lower monthly payment. Getting a lower rate or different loan term may lower your monthly payment. Be sure to check out current rates, and use a calculator for mortgages to find out what a possible new payment would be.
Shorter mortgage term. Refinancing a 30-year mortgage to, say, a 15-year mortgage can keep you close to paying off your mortgage while also providing financial flexibility.
Spare cash. Whatever your need is — home renovations, college funding, paying off higher-interest debt — a cash-out refinance might be an option.
💡 Quick Tip: Compared to credit cards and other unsecured loans, you can usually get a lower interest rate with a cash-out refinance loan.
The Takeaway
What happens when you pay off your mortgage? After doing a jig in the living room, you’ll need to take care of a few housekeeping tasks and make plans for the extra money.
An option to consider: Would a refinance to a shorter term make more sense, or pulling cash out with a cash-out refi? It can be wise to review all your options as you move toward taking this major financial step.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Is paying off your mortgage a good idea?
The answer depends on an individual’s situation. If you have the money and you’d love to shed that monthly obligation for good, paying off a mortgage is a good idea. But if you’re worried about funding your retirement or losing opportunities to invest, paying off your mortgage may not be a good idea for you.
What do you do after you pay off your mortgage?
Ensure that you have received your canceled promissory note, and update your property tax and insurance billers on where to bill you. Since you no longer will have a mortgage servicing company, you must pay your insurance and property taxes yourself.
Is it better to pay off a mortgage before you retire?
Paying off a mortgage could give you more money to work with in retirement. But if your retirement accounts need a boost, most financial experts contend that allocating money there is a better idea than paying off your mortgage. Paying off a mortgage when you have low cash reserves can also put you at risk.
Does paying off your mortgage early affect your credit score?
Surprisingly, paying off your mortgage early won’t affect your credit score much. Your credit score has already taken into account the years of full, on-time payments you made each month.
Photo credit: iStock/katleho Seisa
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Data experts on the mortgage team at NerdWallet dig into NerdWallet’s survey research, as well as public datasets, to identify trends and provide insights on the ever-changing U.S. housing market. On this page, you’ll find some of NerdWallet’s most-read research and commentaries on home buyers and sellers, mortgage interest rates and homeownership.
For NerdWallet statistics and data on additional topics, including credit cards, banking and student loans, head to our studies and data analysis hub.
Have questions or want to speak with a NerdWallet expert? Reach out to [email protected].
Mortgage interest rates
Daily mortgage interest rates
Mortgage interest rates this week
Mortgage interest rates this month
NerdWallet home and mortgages expert Holden Lewis writes a monthly column covering the near-term forecast for mortgage rates.
Annual home buyer report
Every winter, NerdWallet collaborates with The Harris Poll to survey U.S. adults 18 years and older. The results provide a nationally representative snapshot of how Americans perceive the housing market.
2024 Home Buyer Report: Pessimism reigns as home buyers struggle and the goal of homeownership loses some of its luster.
2023 Home Buyer Report: Higher mortgage interest rates and apprehensions about the economy have Americans unsure about their ability to purchase homes.
2021 Home Buyer Report: Pent-up demand from would-be home buyers clashes with a limited supply of homes for sale.
2020 Home Buyer Report: Buying a home is a top priority, especially for younger generations, but some feel locked out of homeownership.
2019 Home Buyer Report: Recent buyers have had to get competitive to close their deals, and many feel stretched by the costs of homeownership.
2018 Home Buyer Report: Homeownership is a widely shared goal, but concerns about costs keep some buyers sidelined.
Quarterly first-time home buyer affordability report
Each quarter, NerdWallet data analyst Elizabeth Renter analyzes information from sources including the U.S. Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Association of Realtors to better understand the challenges facing first-time home buyers.
Q4 2023: A slight bump in inventory isn’t enough to ease affordability challenges.
Q3 2023: Higher mortgage rates outpace slight price declines seen in some metros.
Q2 2023: Seasonality appears to be returning to home prices.
Q1 2023: Banks’ tighter lending standards add to the difficult climate for first-time buyers.
Q3 2022: Price increases slow, but rising mortgage rates eat into potential savings.
Q2 2022: Falling wages and price growth intensify affordability struggles.
Q1 2022: Two years’ worth of data highlights housing market challenges.
Q4 2021: High prices and low inventory are a double whammy in some markets.
Q3 2021: Moderate improvements may be blips, not trends.
Q2 2021: Notable year-over-year decline in affordability.
Q4 2020: Typical winter shifts in the housing market may help home buyers.
Q3 2020: Competition is hot for the limited supply of homes on the market.
Q2 2020: Real estate booms as the country comes out of quarantine.
Q1 2020: Home prices rise, even as the effects of the pandemic are unclear.
Elevated mortgage rates took a bite out of new home sales in February, as they declined slightly from the previous month. Builders continue to respond to affordability concerns; half of the homes sold in February cost under $400,000, compared with 45% in January.
March 25, 2024
Latest housing market columns from Holden Lewis
Additional studies and data analysis
Home buyers
Home improvement
2022 study: After a boom in renovations and DIY projects, homeowners may dial back home improvement plans (Nov. 2022).
2020 study: Homeowners prioritize DIY and paying for projects with cash (Oct. 2020).
Home sellers
2023 data analysis: Why homeowners may want to sell despite higher interest rates (March 2023).
2021 study: What to expect listing a home in a seller’s market (April 2021).
2019 study: What sellers should know before listing (May 2019) .
Housing market
Mortgage denials
2022 data analysis: Higher home prices and debt contribute to home loan denials (Nov. 2023).
2021 data analysis: Competition and lack of collateral drive mortgage denials (Oct. 2022).
2020 data analysis: Tighter lending standards make some home loans harder to obtain (Nov. 2021).
2019 data analysis: Debt-to-income ratio most-cited reason for mortgage denials (Oct. 2020).
Artit_Wongpradu/Getty Images; Illustration by Issiah Davis/Bankrate
Key takeaways
An FHA construction loan is a type of FHA loan that covers the cost of building a home, including the land or lot purchase, building materials and labor.
There are two types of FHA construction loans: an FHA construction-to-permanent loan and a FHA 203(k) loan.
FHA construction loans can be rolled into an FHA permanent mortgage.
If you’d rather build a home than buy one, an FHA construction loan could help pay for the project. Like a regular FHA loan, this type of financing is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and offered by FHA-approved mortgage lenders. Here’s how to get one.
What is an FHA construction loan?
An FHA construction loan is a type of FHA loan used to build a home. It works like a conventional construction loan by providing short-term financing for a range of construction costs, from the architect’s fee to the certificate of occupancy. Often, borrowers convert these loans to long-term mortgages once the house is built.
Unlike conventional construction loans, however, FHA construction loans are insured by the FHA. That means if you have a down payment of at least 3.5 percent, you could qualify for the loan with a credit score as low as 580.
How does a construction loan work?
Construction loans aren’t like regular mortgages. They typically last for one year, during which time the lender releases payments, usually directly to your contractor. The lender enlists an inspector to evaluate the project at various stages, and releases more funds once everything checks out. Once construction is finished, the loan either converts to a traditional mortgage or the borrower obtains a mortgage to pay it off.
Types of FHA construction loans
FHA construction-to-permanent loan: An FHA construction-to-permanent loan finances the ground-up construction of a home — including the purchase of the land or lot — then converts to a regular FHA mortgage. This is also known as a one-time or single-close loan; you won’t have to pay closing costs for two separate loans.
FHA 203(k) rehab loan: An FHA 203(k) loan finances the cost of buying an existing home plus renovations and repairs. There are two types of 203(k) loans: a standard 203(k) for renovations costing $35,000 or more; and a limited 203(k) for smaller-scale, less expensive projects. Either option allows you to obtain one loan to buy and fix up a home, instead of two loans.
FHA construction loan requirements
The qualifying requirements for an FHA construction loan are similar to those for standard FHA loans, but with a few additions.
To qualify for any FHA loan, you’ll need to meet the following criteria, at minimum:
Credit score: At least 580, or as low as 500 if putting down at least 10 percent
Debt-to-income (DTI) ratio: No more than 43 percent (with some exceptions)
Down payment: 3.5 percent with a credit score of at least 580, or at least 10 percent with a credit score between 500 and 579
Loan limits: No more than the FHA loan limits for the year; for 203(k) loans, no more than the FHA loan limits, the home’s after-renovation value plus improvement costs or the home’s after-renovation value, whichever is less
Mortgage insurance: Upfront and annual FHA mortgage insurance premiums, paid for the life of the loan in most cases
Occupancy: Primary residences only
On top of these requirements, FHA construction loans require satisfactory documentation detailing the construction or renovation project, including information about the contractor you plan to work with. For a standard 203(k) loan, you’ll be assigned a 203(k) consultant to estimate the remodeling or repair costs.
Whether you get a construction-to-permanent or rehab loan, the work will also be subject to inspection as the project progresses.
How to get an FHA construction loan
You can get an FHA construction loan from an FHA-approved lender, though not every FHA lender offers this type of financing. If you’re not sure where to start, search the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s list of lenders by state or county. You can filter for 203(k) lenders, too, if that’s the type of loan you’re after.
From there, the process involves connecting with a contractor and getting preapproved for financing. Here’s an overview:
Prepare your credit and finances. Construction loan interest rates are often higher than the rates for a regular mortgage. While you can get an FHA loan with a relatively low credit score and down payment, a better score and a higher down payment could help you get a lower rate and pay less in mortgage insurance. If you plan to build a brand-new home, you’ll also want extra stashed away for the inevitable budget snags that come up in construction. Here’s more on the cost of building a home.
Partner with a contractor and real estate agent. Whether you plan to build a home or renovate an existing property, you’ll need to work with a contractor to learn your costs and draw up plans, then provide these details to your lender for approval. If you’re getting a standard 203(k) loan, you’ll also work with a 203(k) consultant to estimate costs. From there, a real estate agent can help you find the right parcel of land, lot or fixer-upper.
Get preapproved for a construction or rehab loan. You’ll need to meet all of the FHA loan requirements and any other criteria your lender stipulates. If you qualify, your lender will base the loan amount on the appraised after-construction or after-renovation value of the home.
Alternatives to an FHA construction loan
An FHA construction loan is just one type of construction financing. While it can help you build or renovate a home, you can’t use it for an investment property or vacation home, and you’ll have to pay mortgage insurance premiums, which add to your costs. Here are alternatives to consider:
Conventional construction loans: More widely available than FHA construction loans, conventional construction loans include construction-to-permanent and construction-only options. The downsides: You’ll need to come up with a higher down payment than the FHA version, as well as have a higher credit score. You won’t have to pay mortgage insurance for the entire loan term, however, unlike most borrowers with an FHA loan.
Renovation loan: Instead of a 203(k) loan, you might look into a conventional HomeStyle renovation loan, which provides financing up to 75 percent of the home’s after-renovation value.
VA or USDA construction loans: If you’re a service member or veteran or have a lower income and want to build a home in a qualifying rural area, consider a VA or USDA loan, respectively. These don’t require a down payment or mortgage insurance and can have flexible credit standards. You’ll need to pay a one-time funding fee for the VA loan and guarantee fees for a USDA loan, however.
Home equity options: If you want to make improvements to your home or another property you own, you might have enough equity in your current home to make that happen. Depending on your needs and goals, the options include a home equity loan (a second mortgage) or a line of credit, known as a HELOC.
Refinance and take cash out: If interest rates have gone down since you got your mortgage, you might be able to refinance to a new, bigger loan with a lower rate and cash out some of your equity to pay for renovations. Generally, this option works best for homeowners who can get a lower rate, have equity to spare and plan to do extensive remodeling.
FAQ
Many types of mortgage lenders offer FHA loans, but not all offer FHA construction loans. You can search FHA-approved lenders in your area on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s website, or start with our guides to the best FHA mortgage lenders and best FHA 203(k) rehab mortgage lenders.
If you’re making a down payment of 3.5 percent, the minimum credit score for an FHA construction loan is 580. If you have at least 10 percent to put down, you could qualify with a score as low as 500.
UK homeowners are renting out a room in their house as a way of making some extra money amid the cost of living crisis that has pushed mortgage rates to record highs.
Over one in every 10 (12%) London homeowners have started renting out a room in their house in the past year to generate additional income, according to Barclays Consumer Spend report.
The trend is not exclusive to the capital, as some 3% of homeowners across the UK have also rented out a room in their property to make a bit more money.
UK homeowners have been particularly hit by cost of living woes, with the average rate on a two-year fixed deal currently stands at 5.74%, while for a five-year deal, rates are around 5.24%, according to figures from Uswitch.
Borrowers would need to spread their home loans over more than 70 years to be able to afford the same mortgages on offer just two years ago, banks have said.
Mortgage rates have risen substantially as the Bank of England increased interest rates to a 16-year high in a bid to tackle inflation.
The data from the Barclays report showed that one in six (16%) aren’t confident about their ability to meet their mortgage or rental payments, and 18% of those with mortgage or rent payments are adjusting their spending habits to cope with rising housing costs.
Still, consumers’ confidence in their general household finances remained steady in March, at 67%.
Jack Meaning, chief UK economist at Barclays, said: “With an expectation that the Bank of England will cut interest rates from June, and banks responding by reducing mortgage rates, our research suggests that the housing costs that have been a drag on consumers for over a year are on the cusp of a turn, and will become a boost to spending from H2 and beyond. Today’s data shows this transition happening in real time.”
Higher mortgage rates have also hit the property market, as house prices fell for the first time in six months in March amid rising mortgage rates, according to Britain’s biggest mortgage lender.
A typical home now costs £288,430, around £2,900 less than last month, said Halifax.
Household spending such as DIY and electronics fell 5.2% in March, with one in six (16%) holding off home renovations due to current economic pressures.
Bad weather hits consumer spending
Consumer card spending growth flatlined in March as wet weather dampened both retail and restaurant sales.
Retail spending remained almost flat at 0.7%, brought down by falling in-store spending. Face-to-face retail (excluding groceries) was down 2.1% and clothing fell -1.8%, as spring showers deterred shoppers from visiting the high street. Meanwhile, restaurants had another challenging month, down 12.6%, consistent with the fall witnessed in February (13.4%), Barclays said.
This comes as 45% of consumers said they were continuing to rein in discretionary spending, with the majority (53%) of this group cutting back on clothing and accessory purchases, and nearly half (47%) spending less on dining out.
Britons are more concerned than ever about the cost of every day items, with concerns about general inflation shooting up to 87%.
Karen Johnson, head of retail at Barclays, said: “Retailers were braced for a more subdued start to 2024, and recent figures are in line with expectations. The wet weather has been a key factor in the slowdown in discretionary spending, as it’s meant fewer visits to the high street and to hospitality venues.
“However, in spite of this initial lull, many retailers are confident that spending will rebound in the coming months, particularly in anticipation of better weather, the energy price cap drop, an uplift in the National Minimum Wage, and the buzz around major events such as Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour and the Paris 2024 Olympics.”
Easter helps retail sales after difficult start to year
A separate report by the British Retail Consortium (BRC) and KPMG Retail showed a more optimistic view on the UK retail sector in March.
Total UK retail sales were up by 3.5% on last March, above the three-month average of 2.1% and the 12-month average of 2.9%, according to the British Retail Consortium (BRC)-KPMG Retail Sales Monitor.
Food sales increased by 6.8% year on year, driven by Easter falling unusually early and the subsequent uplift ahead of the long weekend.
Easter also boosted sales of products such as cookware and tableware, as people readied themselves to host family and friends. Home textiles such as throws and pillows were also popular as consumers sought to spruce up their homes ahead of spring.
Elsewhere, wet weather dampened sales of garden furniture, barbecues, DIY products, and clothing and footwear.
Online sales continued to slide, falling by 1.4% despite strong performances in home accessories, health, beauty, and homewares.
BRC chief executive Helen Dickinson said: “After a difficult start to the year, retailers are hopeful that with warmer weather around the corner, consumer confidence will spring back up.
“A strong retail industry can boost investment across our towns and cities, and as we gear up for a general election, it is essential the next government recognises this and rethinks the burdensome costs imposed on retailers.”
Watch: London house prices pull ahead in reversal of ‘race for space’
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Are you thinking about purchasing a second home? Maybe you live in a cold climate and want a home in a warmer area during the winter months. Or, maybe you have adult children who moved away and you’d like to be near them during the holidays.
A traditional mortgage is one option for purchasing a second home, but your primary home could also help. For example, you may be able to tap into your home’s equity with a home equity loan to get the money for a down payment or cover the full cost of purchasing of a second home.
Home equity loans are often a smart option to consider because you can borrow large amounts at a competitive rate. And, since the average homeowner currently has about $193,000 in tappable equity, a home equity loan may be a compelling way to purchase a second home right now.
Find out the top home equity loan rates available to you now.
3 times to use a home equity loan to purchase a second home
Here are three times it makes sense to use a home equity loan to purchase a second home.
When you have plenty of home equity but little cash
The amount of cash required to purchase a second home is a significant hurdle for many people. And, if you take the traditional mortgage route, you will need enough for a down payment and to cover your closing costs. That often means having tens of thousands of dollars or more on hand, depending on the price of the home and other factors.
A home equity loan could be useful if you don’t have as much cash as you need on hand to purchase a second home. You can use the funds to make a down payment on the second home you’re purchasing, for example. And, depending on the amount of equity available to you, you may have enough to also cover the closing costs for your second home.
Explore your top home equity loan options online now.
When you need a fixed monthly payment
There are multiple ways to finance the purchase of a second home with your home equity. Some, like home equity loans, come with fixed interest rates. Others, like home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), have variable rates that can change over time. If your goal is to have a consistent monthly payment amount on the money you borrow from your home’s equity, a home equity loan is usually the better option.
“Fixed-rate home equity loans provide much more certainty when compared to a variable-rate HELOC because homeowners can know exactly what their monthly payment will be before taking out the loan,” says Darren Tooley, a senior loan officer at Cornerstone Financial Services. “This allows the borrower to budget and know exactly what to expect on a month-to-month basis.”
When you know exactly how much money you need
Home equity loans allow you to borrow against your equity with a lump-sum loan. As such, it can make sense to use a home equity loan to purchase your second home if you know exactly how much money you’ll need to make the purchase.
For example, you may be purchasing a new home that is unlikely to need repairs in the near future. Or, you may have a clean inspection report and aren’t planning to make updates or changes to the home’s appliances, fixtures or features.
In these cases, you likely won’t need to borrow extra home equity money for renovations or repairs, so the costs are relatively fixed in terms of the amount you need to borrow. In turn, a home equity loan can make more sense than other options.
Compare your home equity lending options to find the right loan for you today.
The bottom line
If you’re in the market for a second home, it can make sense to use a home equity loan to fund your purchase. That’s especially true if you have plenty of equity but little cash, want a fixed monthly payment amount and know exactly how much money you’ll need to purchase your second home. Compare your home equity loan options now.
Joshua Rodriguez
Joshua Rodriguez is a personal finance and investing writer with a passion for his craft. When he’s not working, he enjoys time with his wife, two kids, two dogs and two ducks.
A home equity loan or line of credit (HELOC) leverages your ownership stake to help you finance large costs over time.
Home equity financing offers more money at a lower interest rate than credit cards or personal loans.
Some of the most common (and best) reasons for using home equity include paying for home renovations, consolidating debt and covering emergency or medical bills.
Although allowable, it’s best to avoid using home equity for discretionary purchases and expenses.
The U.S. seems to have dodged a recession, but elevated interest rates, rising prices and shrinking savings continue to imperil many Americans’ financial security. Borrowing hasn’t been this expensive in 20 years and, to add insult to injury, it’s harder to get financing or credit, too. Half of Americans who’ve applied for a loan or financial product since March 2022 (when the Fed started raising its key benchmark rate) have been rejected, according to Bankrate’s recent credit denials survey).
But amid still-high mortgage rates and home prices, there’s a silver lining for homeowners. The rise in property values has increased the worth of their home equity, or outright ownership stake. You can borrow against that equity to meet new expenses — or settle old ones.
Two options to tap into your equity are home equity loans and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). They may not be as well-known as other financing options (in Bankrate’s credit denials survey, only 4 percent of Americans have applied for one since March 2022), but they have several advantages.
If you’re a homeowner needing cash, here are 10 reasons to use home equity — some better than others. In each case, we’ve noted the pros and cons.
$299,000
Amount the average mortgage-holder had in home equity as of year-end 2023, up $25,000 from 2022
Source:
ICE Mortgage Technology
Why use home equity?
Key terms
Home equity
Home equity is the difference between what your home is worth and how much you still owe on your mortgage. As you pay down your mortgage and your home’s value increases, your equity stake grows.
Home equity loan
A home equity loan is a type of second mortgage in which you receive a lump sum upfront and then make regular monthly repayments over the loan term, usually at a fixed interest rate.
HELOC
A HELOC is a revolving line of credit, much like a credit card, that comes with a variable rate. You can borrow, repay and then re-use funds as needed during a set draw period and then pay off your balance during a repayment period.
Tapping your home’s equity can help you cover significant expenses, improve your financial situation or achieve any other money goal. The interest rates on a home equity loan or HELOC are usually lower than those on other forms of financing, and you can often obtain more funds with an equity product compared to a credit card, which might have a lower limit, or a personal loan. Home equity loans and HELOCs are also repaid over a longer term, meaning you’ll have more manageable payments month to month.
10 reasons to use a home equity loan
There aren’t any restrictions on how to use equity in your home, but there are a few ways to make the most of a home equity loan or HELOC. Here are 10 ways to use your home equity, along with their pros and cons.
1. Home improvements
Home improvement is one of the most common reasons homeowners take out home equity loans or HELOCs. Besides making the home more comfortable, upgrades could make it more valuable.
“Home equity is a great option to finance large projects like a kitchen renovation that will increase a home’s value over time,” says Glenn Brunker, president of online lender Ally Home. “Many times, these investments will pay for themselves by increasing the home’s value.”
Another reason to consider a home equity loan or HELOC for renovations: You could deduct the interest paid on the loan, assuming you itemize your deductions on tax return.
Pros
You can reinvest your home’s equity to increase the value of your property.
If you itemize your tax return, you could deduct the interest on your home equity loan or HELOC, up to the limit.
A HELOC, which allows gradual withdrawals, in particular can be ideal for long-term projects in which you pay contractors at set intervals, or ones in which the final cost is indefinite.
Cons
The monthly payments on a home equity loan or HELOC, coupled with your monthly mortgage payments, could stretch your budget too thin.
Depending on the scope of the remodel, you might need more than what you can borrow from your equity.
If you can’t repay the home equity loan or HELOC, the lender could foreclose on your home.
2. Education costs
A home equity loan or HELOC can help you fund higher education or continuing education, whether for you, your children or other loved ones. This route typically only makes sense, however, when home equity rates are lower than student loan rates. That doesn’t happen often, especially compared to federal student loans.
Consider, too, the type of education you’re financing. Someone obtaining a teaching certification, for example, might be able to get the cost covered by their future employer. Some public service professions are also eligible for student loan forgiveness after a period of time. In these cases, it wouldn’t be smart to put your home on the line with an equity loan.
Pros
Could be a lower-interest option than a private student loan, a federal parent loan or a personal loan.
HELOC gradual withdrawal structure tailor-made for annual or semi-annual tuition payments.
Could furnish a greater sum than a student loan.
Cons
Repayment starts sooner (with a home equity loan).
Rates not as competitive as federal student loans’.
Tapping home equity is riskier: If you default, you could lose your home.
The student might be able to get financial help in other ways, such as from a future employer or via loan forgiveness.
3. Debt consolidation
Americans’ credit card debt is skyrocketing. According to Bankrate’s recent credit card survey, nearly half (49 percent) of credit card holders carry a balance from month to month, up from 39 percent in 2021. Given their average interest rate of 22.75 percent, paying down that debt can be tricky — and expensive.
A HELOC or home equity loan can be used to pay off the plastic, along with other high-interest loans. “This is another very popular use of home equity, as one is often able to consolidate debt at a much lower rate over a longer term and reduce monthly expenses significantly,” says Matt Hackett, operations manager at mortgage lender Equity Now.
Home Equity
According to Bankrate’s February 2024 credit card repayment strategies survey, only 10% of credit card-holding U.S. adults report using a home equity loan and/or line of credit to consolidate and pay off credit card debt.
Pros
You could save on interest and lower your monthly payments.
Eliminating credit card debt boosts your credit score.
Cons
You’re turning an unsecured debt, such as a credit card, into secured debt now backed by your home. If you default on your equity loan or HELOC, you could lose your house to foreclosure.
If you haven’t broken the financial habits that got you into debt in the first place, or come up with a plan for repayment, you’re simply swapping one form of debt for another.
4. Emergency expenses
Many financial experts agree you should have an emergency fund to cover three to six months of living expenses, but that’s not the reality for many Americans, according to Bankrate’s 2024 annual emergency savings survey. If you find yourself in a costly situation — maybe you’re facing large medical bills or unexpected home repairs — a home equity loan or HELOC can be one way to stay afloat.
However, this is only a viable option if you have a plan for how to repay the debt. While you might feel better knowing you could access your home equity in case of an emergency, it still makes smart financial sense to set up and start contributing to an emergency fund. Plus, the application process for a HELOC or home equity loan takes time (though it’s speeded up of late: Some online lenders, such as Better, are offering approval decisions within one day). In a true emergency when you need cash fast, you’d need to already have the loan in place to use it.
Pros
If you’re in an emergency situation and have no other means to come up with the necessary cash, a home equity loan or HELOC could be the answer.
Cons
If you don’t have a HELOC or home equity loan already established, you’ll need to complete the application process first. So these loans won’t do you any good in a time-sensitive emergency.
You’re depleting your ownership stake, diluting the worth of a major asset: your home.
5. Weddings
The average cost of a wedding in 2023 was $35,000, according to the planning site The Knot — up $5,000 from 2022. For some couples, it might make sense to take out a home equity loan or HELOC to cover this expense, rather than a wedding loan, a type of personal loan. That’s because the interest rates on personal loans are typically higher than interest rates for home equity loans and HELOCs.
The major disadvantage, however: You’d be putting your home on the line for a discretionary expense. This can be risky if you don’t have a solid plan to repay the loan. It also tacks on interest to an expense that didn’t have interest to begin with, ultimately costing you more.
If you do go this route, be careful not to take out more than you need. If you’re unsure of the total tab for your big day, a HELOC is the better option.
Pros
Rates probably cheaper than those of personal loans or credit cards.
You may be able to access more funds than you would with other loans.
Cons
It’s a questionable move to put your home on the line for what’s essentially a big party.
You’re paying interest, so your wedding will cost more than you think: You could be paying for it decades after you wed.
When the loan’s used this way, the interest isn’t tax-deductible.
6. Business expenses
Some business owners use their home equity to start or grow their company. If you need capital, you might be able to save money on interest by taking equity out of your home instead of taking out a business loan. Before you commit, though, run the numbers. A return on investment isn’t guaranteed, and you’re putting your house on the line.
Pros
You might be able to borrow money at a lower interest rate with a home equity loan than you would with a small business loan.
It might be easier to obtain capital with a home equity loan than with a loan tied to your business, especially if you’re just starting out.
Cons
If your business fails, you’d still need to make payments on what you borrowed, regardless of lack of earnings. If you can’t, you could face foreclosure.
7. Investment opportunities
It’s possible to use home equity to invest in the stock market or buy a rental property — though both propositions are risky and require serious care and consideration. A well-qualified borrower might be able to take out a home equity loan on an investment property, as well.
Consider the interest rate on home equity borrowing, especially if you’re using the funds for investment purposes. “With interest rates of 9 percent, 10 percent or even higher, this is no longer low-cost debt,” says Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate’s chief financial analyst. “At rates that high, it is a tough hurdle to clear to get a positive return on your investment.”
Pros
Investing in the stock market or real estate can be a great way to build wealth.
Leveraging assets to invest increases your rate of return.
Cons
Investments always carry risk, but that’s especially true when you’re putting your home on the line. It’s possible that you won’t earn a high enough return to outweigh your loan debt.
You can’t take advantage of the home equity loan’s tax deduction on interest, except in a few cases, such as buying adjacent property or land.
8. Retirement income
If your retirement savings are falling short, tapping home’s equity can help supplement your income so you can better manage expenses. These funds can be used to cover bills, emergency expenses or even home improvements to make you more comfortable as you age. A big caveat: This strategy relies on your ability to repay the loan or HELOC. If you’re not yet drawing Social Security, you might be able to repay HELOC funds with the benefit money later on. If you’re fully retired and struggling to make ends meet, however, it’s possible you won’t have the means to repay the debt, even if you have a HELOC you don’t have to pay back right away.
There are other roadblocks to this strategy, too: If you’re still paying your first mortgage, tapping your equity adds to your expenses and puts you in debt that much longer. It might also be harder to even get an equity loan if your income has decreased in retirement.
Pros
Using your hard-acquired home wealth as source for retirement income can be a smart use of assets.
Cons
You’ll need to think through how to repay your loan while you’re retired, and even afterwards. Home equity debt doesn’t disappear when you pass away — your heirs will have to work with your lender if they want to keep the home.
It could be harder to qualify for a home equity loan with a lower retirement income.
Home Equity
If you need retirement income, a reverse mortgage may be a better option than a home equity loan or HELOC. With a reverse mortgage, your lender pays you a lump sum or a series of monthly payments; how much you can get is based on your home’s value. The loan balance (plus interest) becomes due when you move out, sell the home or pass away. Most reverse mortgages include a “non-recourse” clause, which stipulates that you (or your estate) can’t owe more than the home’s value when the loan becomes due (so if the home’s depreciated and worth less than the loan balance, no one is on the hook for the difference). The advantages: There are no monthly repayments while you’re living in the home, and there are no income or credit score requirements, so you can qualify even if you’re struggling financially. However, to get a reverse mortgage, you usually need to be 62 or older and have substantial equity in your home — meaning, your primary mortgage be substantially, if not entirely, paid off.
9. Funding a vacation
Traveling can come with a steep price tag, and tapping your home’s equity could help cover the costs without having to increase your credit card debt. Even the best vacations don’t last forever, though, and home equity debt can linger for decades, so weigh your decision carefully. Is the trip worth potentially risking your house to pay for?
Pros
Home equity loans typically have lower interest rates than credit cards, which could save you money.
Cons
Putting your home on the line is an extremely risky way to finance a trip that will be over in a matter of days — and you’ll still be paying for it many years after it’s over, which could ultimately cost you more in interest.
10. Other big-ticket items
It’s possible to use your home equity for big-ticket purchases, but it doesn’t add up in many cases. Home equity loans have much longer repayment terms than auto loans, for example, resulting in lower monthly payments, but much more interest over time. Cars are also depreciating assets, meaning your car will be worth much less than you paid for it by the time you finish repaying the equity loan.
Pros
You could finance a larger purchase, like a car.
Cons
Your home’s equity isn’t worth leveraging on an expense that won’t give you a solid return. With the example of buying a car, you’ll be risking your home for an asset that will be worth less than what you paid for it by the time you’ve finished repaying the loan.
Using home equity FAQ
The amount of home equity you can borrow against depends on a number of factors, including how much the home is worth, the outstanding balance on your mortgage and your credit score. Assuming you’re well-qualified, many home equity lenders allow you to tap up to 80 percent of your equity.
As with any loan product, a home equity loan or HELOC can hurt your credit score in the short term, in part because you’re taking on more debt and potentially raising your credit utilization ratio. Over time, however, your credit score could go up as you make regular monthly payments on your home equity loan. It’s possible to get a home equity loan with bad credit, too.
It can be. You can deduct home equity loan interest if you use the funds to “buy, build or substantially improve” the home that was used to secure the loan, according to the IRS. You must itemize deductions on your tax return, and — similar to the mortgage deduction — there are limits as to how much you can deduct.
Yes. The closing costs for home equity loans and HELOCs can range from 1 percent to 5 percent of your loan amount. These can include many of the same closing costs as a typical real estate closing, such as origination, appraisal and credit report fees. HELOC lenders also often charge annual fees to keep the line open, as well as an early termination fee if you close it within three years of opening. You could also incur a charge if you decide to convert your HELOC balance to a fixed interest rate.
If you’ve just closed on a home and need cash, you can generally tap into your home equity right away. However, some lenders require borrowers to wait several months before applying for a home equity loan or HELOC. And whether there’s a waiting period or not, you’ll have to meet the lender’s eligibility requirements. These can include credit score minimums, income verification and debt-to-income (DTI) ratio maximums. Most importantly, you’ll also need at least 20 percent equity in your home to qualify, though some lenders accept 15 percent.
A home equity loan is a lump sum of money you can borrow at a fixed rate based on the equity, or ownership stake, in your home. If you already paid off 15% to 20% of your house, this one-time installment loan can be used to cover major expenses, from home renovations to paying off debt.
Home equity loans have fixed interest rates, so your monthly payments are predictable and easy to budget for. But because your home acts as collateral for the loan, you could risk foreclosure if you fall behind on repayments.
I’ve spoken with experts about the advantages and disadvantages of home equity loans, how they work and where to find the best rates. Here’s what I’ve uncovered.
This week’s home equity loan rates
Here are the average rates for home equity loans and home equity lines of credit as of March 27, 2024.
Loan type
This week’s rate
Last week’s rate
Difference
10-year, $30,000 home equity loan
8.73%
8.73%
None
15-year, $30,000 home equity loan
8.70%
8.70%
None
$30,000 HELOC
9.01%
8.99%
+0.02
Note: These rates come from a survey conducted by CNET sister site Bankrate. The averages are determined from a survey of the top 10 banks in the top 10 US markets.
Current home equity loan rates and trends
Though home equity loan rates will vary depending on the lender and loan type, their rates are generally lower than personal loans or credit card annual percentage rates.
Home equity loan rates aren’t directly set by the Federal Reserve, but adjustments to the federal funds rate impact the borrowing cost for financial products like home equity loans and home equity lines of credit, aka HELOCs.
Since March 2022, the Fed has hiked its benchmark rate a total of 11 times in an attempt to slow the economy and bring inflation down, driving home equity loan rates up alongside. Though the Fed has kept interest rates steady since last summer, home equity loan rates have remained elevated for borrowers. Home equity rates are likely to stay high until the central bank begins cutting interest rates, projected for later this year.
With home equity loans, you tap into your equity without giving up the rate on your primary mortgage, making them a popular alternative to cash-out refinances. If you use a home equity loan to install solar panels or renovate your kitchen, you get the added benefit of increasing your home’s value.
“Most homeowners with mortgages in 2024 are choosing home equity loans or HELOCs, instead of a cash-out refinance, to avoid losing their attractive interest rates,” said Vikram Gupta, head of home equity at PNC Bank.
Best home equity loan rates of March 2024
Lender
APR
Loan amount
Loan terms
Max LTV ratio
U.S. Bank
From 8.40%
Not specified
Up to 30 years
Not specified
TD Bank
7.99% (0.25% autopay discount included)
From $10,000
5 to 30 years
Not specified
Connexus Credit Union
From 7.20%
From $5,000
5 to 15 years
90%
KeyBank
From 10.29% (0.25% autopay discount included)
From $25,000
1 to 30 years
80% for standard home equity loans, 90% for high-value home equity loans
Spring EQ
Fill out application for personalized rates
Up to $500,000
Not specified
90%
Third Federal Savings & Loan
From 7.29%
$10,000 to $200,000
Up to 30 years
80%
Frost Bank
From 7.3% (0.25% autopay discount included)
$2,000 to $500,000
15 to 20 years
90%
Regions Bank
From 6.75% to 14.125% (0.25% autopay discount included)
$10,000 to $250,000
7, 10, 15, 20 or 30 years
89%
Discover
6.99% for 1st liens, 7.99% for 2nd liens
$35,000 to $300,000
10, 15, 20 or 30 years
90%
BMO Harris
From 8.84% (0.5% autopay discount not included)
From $25,000
5 to 20 years
Not specified
Note: The above annual percentage rates are current as of March 1, 2024. Your APR will depend on such factors as your credit score, income, loan term and whether you enroll in autopay or other lender specific requirements.
Best home equity loan lenders of March 2024
U.S. Bank
Good for nationwide availability
U.S. Bank is the fifth largest banking institution in the US. It offers both home equity loans and HELOCs in 47 states. You can apply for a home equity loan or HELOC through an online application, by phone or in person. If you want a loan estimate for a home equity loan without completing a full application, you can get one by speaking with a banker over the phone.
APR: From 8.40%
Max LTV ratio: Not specified
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: 660
Loan amount: $15,000 to $750,000 (up to $1 million for California properties)
Term lengths: Up to 30 years
Fees: None
Additional requirements: Subject to credit approval
Perks: You can receive a 0.5% rate discount by enrolling in automatic payments from a U.S. Bank checking or savings account.
TD Bank
Good for price transparency
Primarily operating on the East Coast, TD Bank offers home equity loans and HELOCs in 15 states. You can apply for a TD Bank home equity loan or HELOC online, by phone or by visiting a TD Bank in person. The online application includes a calculator that will tell you the maximum amount you can borrow based on the information you input. You can also see a full breakdown of rates, fees and monthly payments. No credit check is required for this service.
APR: From 7.99% (0.25% autopay discount included)
Max LTV ratio: Not specified
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: Not specified
Loan amount: From $10,000
Term lengths: Five to 30 years
Fees: $99 origination fee at closing. Closing costs only application to loan amounts greater than $500,000.
Additional requirements: Loan amounts less than $25,000 are available only for primary residence property use.
Perks: You will receive a 0.25% discount if you enroll in autopay from a TD personal checking or savings account.
Connexus Credit Union
Good branch network
Connexus Credit Union operates in all 50 states, but it offers home equity loans and HELOCs in 46 states (excluding Alaska, Hawaii, Maryland and Texas). The credit union has more than 6,000 local branches. To apply for a home equity loan or HELOC with Connexus, you can fill out a three-step application online or in person. You won’t be able to see a personalized rate or product terms without a credit check.
APR: From 7.20%
Max LTV ratio: 90%
Max-debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: Not specified
Loan amount: From $5,000
Term lengths: Five to 15 years
Fees: No annual fee. Closing costs can range from $175 to $2,000, depending on your loan terms and property location. It has returned loan payments fees of $15, convenience fees of $9.95 (for paying by debit or credit card online) and $14.95 (for paying by phone) and a forced place insurance processing fee of $12.
Additional requirements: Because Connexus is a credit union, its products and services are only available to members. Member eligibility is open to most people: you (or a family member) just need to be a member of one of Connexus’s partner groups, reside in one of the communities or counties on Connexus’s list or become a member of the Connexus Association with a $5 donation to Connexus’s partner nonprofit.
Perks: Flexible membership options
KeyBank
Good online application user experience
Based in Cleveland, KeyBank offers home equity loans to customers in 15 states and HELOCs to customers in 44 states. Aside from a standard home equity loan, KeyBank offers a few different HELOC options. The KeyBank application allows you to apply for multiple products at one time. If you’re not sure whether KeyBank loans are available in your area, the application will tell you once you input your ZIP code. If you’re an existing KeyBank customer, you can skim through the application and import your personal information from your account.
APR: From 10.29% (0.25% client discount included)
Max LTV ratio: 80% for standard home equity loans, 90% for high-value home equity loans
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: Not specified
Loan amount: From $25,000
Term lengths: One to 30 years
Fees: Origination fee of $295. Closing costs aren’t specified.
Additional requirements: Borrowers must be at least 18 years of age and reside in one of the states KeyBank operates in.
Perks: KeyBank offers a 0.25% rate discount for clients who have eligible checking and savings accounts with them.
Spring EQ
Good option for high debt-to-income ratio limits
Spring EQ was founded in 2016 and serves customers in 38 states. Spring EQ offers home equity loans and HELOCs. Spring EQ doesn’t display rates for its home lending products online — you must complete an application to see your personalized rate. The Spring EQ loan application process is simple though. Customers can see an extensive breakdown of their loan term and rate options without needing to undergo a credit check or provide their Social Security number.
APR: Not specified
Max LTV ratio: 90%
Max debt-to-income ratio: 50%
Min credit score: 640
Loan amount: Up to $500,000
Term lengths: Not specified
Fees: Spring EQ loans may be subject to an origination fee of $995 and an annual fee of $99 in some states.
Additional requirements: Spring EQ does not display rates for its home lending products online — you must complete an application to see your personalized rate.
Perks: Spring EQ has a higher maximum DTI ratio than most other lenders — compare 50% with the typical 43% average.
Third Federal Savings & Loan
Good option for rate match guarantee
Third Federal Savings & Loan first opened in 1938. Today, the bank offers home equity loans in eight states and HELOCs in 26 states. Third Federal offers a lowest rate guarantee on its HELOCs and home equity loans, meaning Third Federal will offer you the lowest interest rate relative to other similar lenders or pay you $1,000. You can apply for a home equity loan or HELOC on the Third Federal website. You won’t have to register an account to apply, but you’re still able to save your application and return to it later.
APR: From 7.29%
Max LTV ratio: 80%
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: Not specified
Loan amount: $10,000 to $200,000
Term lengths: Five to 30 years
Fees: Home equity loans and HELOCs with Third Federal have an annual fee of $65 (waived the first year). There are no application fees, closing fees or origination fees.
Additional requirements: Specific requirements aren’t listed.
Perks: If you set up autopay from an existing Third Federal account, you’ll be eligible for a 0.25% rate discount.
Frost Bank
Good option for Texas borrowers
Frost Bank’s home equity loans and HELOCs are only available to Texas residents. You can apply for a home equity loan or HELOC on the Frost Bank website, but you’ll need to create an account. According to the website, the application will only take you 15 minutes.
APR: From 7.3% (0.25% autopay discount included, only available for 2nd liens)
Max LTV ratio: 90%
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: Not specified
Loan amount: $2,000 to $500,000
Term lengths: 15 or 20 years
Fees: No application fee, annual fee or closing costs. Frost Bank does charge a $15 monthly service fee, which can be waived with a Frost Plus Account.
Additional requirements: Borrowers must reside in Texas. The bank also requires proof of homeowners insurance.
Perks: 0.25% rate discount for clients who enroll in autopay from a Frost Bank checking or savings account. However, this feature is only available for second liens.
Regions Bank
Good rate discounts
Regions Bank is one of the nation’s largest banking, mortgage and wealth management service providers. Regions offers home equity loans and HELOCs in 15 states. You can apply for a Regions home equity loan or HELOC online, in person or over the phone. You’ll have to create an account with Regions to apply. Before you create an account, though, you can use the bank’s own rate calculator to estimate your rate and monthly payment.
APR: From 6.75% to 14.125%(0.25% autopay discount included)
Max LTV ratio: 89%
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: Not specified
Loan amount: $10,000 to $250,000
Term lengths: Seven, 10, 15, 20 or 30 years
Fees: No closing costs and no annual fees. Late fees apply for 5% of the payment amount. There is a returned check fee of $15 and an over limit fee of $29.
Additional requirements: Not specified.
Perks: Rate discounts between 0.25% and 0.50% to those who elect to have their monthly payments automatically debited from a Regions checking account.
Discover
Good option for no fees or closings costs
Discover is known primarily for its credit cards, but it also offers home equity loans — available in 48 states. The lender does not offer HELOCs at all. You can apply for a home equity loan from Discover online or over the phone. The application process takes approximately six to eight weeks in total, according to Discover’s website.
APR: 6.99% for first liens, 7.99% for second liens
Max LTV ratio: 90%
Max debt-to-income ratio: 43%
Min credit score: 620
Loan amount: $35,000 to $300,000
Term lengths: 10, 15, 20 and 30 years
Fees: None
Additional requirements: Specific requirements not listed.
Perks: The lender charges no origination fees, application fees, appraisal fees or mortgage taxes.
BMO Harris
Good option for second liens
BMO Harris products and services are available in 48 states (all but New York and Texas). BMO Harris offers home equity loans and three variations of a HELOC. You can apply for a home equity loan or HELOC online or in person, but in order to get personalized rates, you’ll have to speak with a representative on the phone. Getting personalized rates doesn’t require a hard credit check.
Home equity loans from BMO Harris are only available as second liens. If you have already paid off your mortgage, a rate-lock HELOC from BMO Harris may be a better option.
APR: From 8.84% (0.5% autopay discount not included)
Max LTV ratio: Not specified
Max debt-to-income ratio: Not specified
Min credit score: 700
Loan amount: From $5,000
Term lengths: Five to 20 years
Fees: There is no application fee. BMO Harris will also pay closing costs for loans secured by an owner-occupied 1-to-4-family residence. If you pay off your loan within 36 months of opening, you may be responsible for recoupment fees.
Additional requirements: Home equity loans are only available as a second lien (meaning you can’t be mortgage free)
Perks: If you enroll in autopay with a BMO Harris checking account, you’ll be eligible for a 0.5% rate discount.
What is a home equity loan?
A home equity loan is a fixed-rate installment loan secured by your home as a second mortgage. You’ll get a lump sum payment upfront and then repay the loan in equal monthly payments over a period of time. Because your house is used as a collateral, the lender can foreclose on it if you default on your payments.
Most lenders require you to have 15% to 20% equity in your home to secure a home equity loan. To determine how much equity you have, subtract your remaining mortgage balance from the value of your home. For example, if your home is worth $500,000 and you owe $350,000, you have $150,000 in equity. The next step is to determine your loan-to-value ratio, or LTV ratio, which is your outstanding mortgage balance divided by your home’s current value. So in this case the calculation would be:
$350,000 / $500,000 = 0.7
In this example, you have a 70% LTV ratio. Most lenders will let you borrow around 75% to 90% of your home’s value minus what you owe on your primary mortgage. Assuming a lender will let you borrow up to 90% of your home equity, you can use the formula to see how that would be:
$500,000 [current appraised value] X 0.9 [maximum equity percentage you can borrow] – $350,000 [outstanding mortgage balance] = $100,000 [what the lender will let you borrow]
A standard repayment period for a home equity loan is between five and 30 years. Under the loan, you make fixed-rate payments that never change. If interest rates go up, your loan rate remains unchanged.
Second mortgages such as home equity loans and HELOCs don’t alter a homeowner’s primary mortgage. This lets you borrow against your home’s equity without needing to exchange your primary mortgage’s rate for today’s higher rates.
Home equity loans have fixed interest rates, which is a positive if you’re looking for predictable monthly payments. The rate you lock in when you take out your loan will be constant for the entire term, even if market interest rates rise.
Reasons to get a home equity loan
A home equity loan is a good choice if you need a large sum of cash all at once. You can use that cash for anything you’d like — it doesn’t have to be home-related.However, some uses make more sense than others.
Home renovations and improvements: If you want to upgrade your kitchen, install solar panels or add on a second bathroom, you can use the money from a home equity loan to pay for the cost of these renovations. Then, at tax time, you can deduct the interest you pay on the loan — as long as the renovations increase the value of your home and you meet certain IRS criteria.
Consolidating high-interest debt: Debt consolidation is a strategy where you take out one large loan to pay off the balances on multiple smaller loans, typically done to streamline your finances or get a lower interest rate. Because home equity loan interest rates are typically lower than those of credit cards, they can be a great option to consolidate your high-interest credit card debt, letting you pay off debt faster and save money on interest in the long run. The only downside? Credit card and personal loan lenders can’t take your home from you if you stop making your payments, but home equity lenders can.
College tuition: Instead of using student loans to cover the cost of college for yourself or a loved one, you can use the cash from a home equity loan. If you qualify for federal student loans, though, they’re almost always a better option than a home equity loan. Federal loans have better borrower protections and offer more flexible repayment options in the event of financial hardship. But if you’ve maxed out your financial aid and federal student loans, a home equity loan can be a viable option to cover the difference.
Medical expenses: You can avoid putting unexpected medical expenses on a credit card by tapping into your home equity before a major medical procedure. Or, if you have outstanding medical bills, you can pay them off with the funds from a home equity loan. Before you do this, it’s worth asking if you can negotiate a payment plan directly with your medical provider.
Business expenses: If you want to start a small business or side hustle but lack money to get it going, a home equity loan can provide the funding without many hoops to jump through. However, you may find that dedicated small business loans are a better, less risky option.
Down payment on a second home: Homeowners can leverage their home’s equity to fund a down payment on a second home or investment property. But you should only use a home equity loan to buy a second home if you can comfortably afford multiple mortgage payments over the long term.
Experts don’t recommend using a home equity loan for discretionary expenses like a vacation or wedding. Instead, try saving up money in advance for these expenses so you can pay for them without taking on unnecessary debt.
Pros
One lump sum payment of total loan up front.
Fixed interest rate, meaning you won’t have to worry about your rate rising over the repayment period.
Typically lower interest rate than credit cards or personal loans.
Little to no restrictions on what you can use the money for.
Cons
Your home is used as collateral, meaning it can be taken from you if you default on the loan.
If you’re still paying off your mortgage, this loan payment will be on top of that.
Home equity loans can come with closing costs and other fees.
May be hard to qualify for if you don’t have enough equity.
Home equity loan vs. HELOC
Home equity loans and HELOCs are similar but have a few key distinctions. Both let you draw on your home’s equity and require you to use your home as collateral to secure your loan. The two major differences are the way you receive the money and how you pay it back.
A home equity loan gives you the money all at once as a lump sum, whereas a HELOC lets you take money out in installments over a long period of time, typically 10 years. Home equity loans have fixed-rate payments that will never go up, but most HELOCs have variable interest rates that rise and fall with the prime rate.
A home equity loan is better if:
You want a fixed-rate payment: Your monthly payment will never change even if interest rates rise.
You want one lump sum of money: You receive the entire loan upfront with a home equity loan.
You know the exact amount of money you need: If you know the amount you need and don’t expect it to change, a home equity loan likely makes more sense than a HELOC.
A HELOC is better if:
You need money over a long period of time: You can take the money as you need it and only pay interest on the amounts you withdraw, not the full loan amount, as is the case with a home equity loan.
You want a low introductory interest rate: Although HELOC rates may increase over time, they also typically offer lower introductory interest rates than home equity loans. So you could save money on interest charges.
Home equity loans vs. cash-out refinances
A cash-out refinance is when you replace your existing mortgage with a new mortgage, typically to secure a lower interest rate and more favorable terms. Unlike a traditional refinance, though, you take out a new mortgage for the home’s entire value — not just the amount you owe on your mortgage. You then receive the equity you’ve already paid off in your home as a cash payout.
For example, if your home is worth $450,000, and you owe $250,000 on your loan, you would refinance for the entire $450,000, rather than the amount you owe on your mortgage. Your new cash-out refinance home loan would replace your existing mortgage and then offer you a portion of the equity you built (in this case $200,000) as a cash payout.
Both a cash-out refi and a home equity loan will provide you with a lump sum of cash that you’ll repay in fixed amounts over a specific time period, but they have some important differences. A cash-out refinance replaces your current mortgage payment. When you receive a lump sum of cash from a cash-out refi, it’s added back onto the balance of your new mortgage, usually causing your monthly payment to increase. A home equity loan is different — it doesn’t replace your existing mortgage and instead adds an additional monthly payment to your expenses.
Who qualifies for a home equity loan?
Although it varies by lender, to qualify for a home equity loan, you’re typically required to meet the following criteria:
At least 15% to 20% equity built up in your home: Home equity is the amount of home you own, based on how much you’ve paid toward your mortgage. Subtract what you owe on your mortgage and other loans from the current appraised value of your house to figure out your home equity number.
Adequate, verifiable income and stable employment: Proof of income is a standard requirement to qualify for a HELOC. Check your lender’s website to see what forms and paperwork you will need to submit along with your application.
A minimum credit score of 620: Lenders use your credit score to determine the likelihood that you’ll repay the loan on time. Having a strong credit score — at least 700 — will help you qualify for a lower interest rate and more amenable loan terms.
A debt-to-income ratio of 43% or less: Divide your total monthly debts by your gross monthly income to get your DTI. Like your credit score, your DTI helps lenders determine your capacity to make consistent payments toward your loan. Some lenders prefer a DTI of 36% or less.
A home equity loan is better if:
You don’t want to pay private mortgage insurance: Some cash-out refinances require PMI, which can add hundreds of dollars to your payments, but home equity loans don’t.
You can’t complete a refinance: With rates rising, it’s possible that your mortgage rate is lower than current refinance rates. If that’s the case, it likely won’t make financial sense for you to refinance. Instead, you can use a home equity loan to take out only the money you need, rather than replacing your entire mortgage with a higher interest rate loan.
A cash-out refinance is better if:
Refinance rates are lower than your current mortgage rate: If you can secure a lower interest rate by refinancing, this could save you money in interest, while providing access to a lump sum of cash.
You want only one monthly payment: The amount you borrow gets added back to the balance of your mortgage so you make only one payment to your lender every month.
Less stringent eligibility requirements: If you don’t have great credit or you have a high debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, you may have an easier time qualifying for a cash-out refi compared with a home equity loan.
Lower interest rates: Cash-out refinances sometimes offer more favorable interest rates than home equity loans.
Tips for choosing a lender
You’ll want to consider what type of financial institution best suits your needs. In addition to mortgage lenders, financial institutions that offer home equity loans include banks, credit unions and online-only lenders.
“Select a lender that makes you feel comfortable and informed with the home equity loan process,” said Rob Cook, vice president of marketing, digital and analytics for Discover Home Loans. “Look at what tools a lender makes available to borrowers to help inform their decision. For many borrowers, being able to apply and manage their application online is important.”
One option is to work with the lender that originated your first mortgage as you already have a relationship and a history of on-time payments. Many banks and credit unions also offer discounted rates and other benefits when you become a customer.
Some lenders offer lower interest rates but charge higher fees (and vice versa). What matters most is your annual percentage rate because it reflects both interest rate and fees.
Ensure the specific terms of the loan your lender is offering make sense for your budget. For example, be sure the minimum loan amount isn’t too high — be wary of withdrawing more funds than you need. You also want to make sure that your repayment term is long enough for you to comfortably afford the monthly payments. The shorter your loan term, the higher your monthly payments will be.
“Costs and fees are an important consideration for anyone who is looking for a loan,” Cook said. “Homeowners should understand any upfront or ongoing fees applicable to their loan options. Also look for prepayment penalties that might be associated with paying off your loan early.”
No matter what, it’s important to talk to numerous lenders and find the best rate available.
How to apply for a home equity loan
Applying for a home equity loan is similar to applying for any mortgage loan. You’ll need both a solid credit score and proof of enough income to repay your loan.
1. Interview multiple lenders to determine which lender can offer you the lowest rates and fees. The more companies you speak with, the better your chances of finding the most favorable terms.
2. Have at least 15% to 20% equity in your home. If you do, lenders will then take into account your credit score, income and current DTI to determine whether you qualify as well as your interest rate.
3. Be prepared to have financial documents at the ready, such as pay stubs and Form W-2s. Proof of ownership and the appraised value of your home will also be necessary.
4. Close on your loan. Once you submit your application, the final step is closing on your loan. In some states, you’ll have to do this in person at a physical branch.
FAQs
As of March 27, average home equity loan rates are 8.73% for a $30,000 10-year home equity loan and 8.70% for a $30,000 15-year home equity loan — higher than the average rate for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage, which is currently 7.01%. Both home equity rates and mortgage rates started off at historic lows at around 3% at the beginning of 2022 and have been consistently climbing in response to the Federal Reserve aggressively raising the benchmark interest rate.
Most lenders will allow you to borrow anywhere from 15% to 20% of your home’s available equity. To calculate your home equity, subtract your remaining mortgage balance from the current appraised value of your home. How much equity a bank or lender will let you take out depends on a number of additional factors such as your credit score, income and DTI ratio. For most homeowners, it can take five to 10 years of mortgage payments to build up enough tappable equity to borrow against.
A home equity loan can affect your score positively or negatively depending on how responsibly you use it. As with any loan, if you miss or make late payments, your credit score will drop. The amount by which it will drop depends on such factors as whether you’ve made late payments before. However, HELOCs are secured loans that are backed by your property, so they tend to affect your credit score less because they’re treated more like a car loan or mortgage by credit-scoring algorithms.
Lenders are currently offering rates that start as low as 5% to 6% for borrowers with good credit, but rates can vary depending on your personal financial situation. A lender will base your interest rate on how much equity you have in your home, your credit score, income level and other aspects of your financial life such as your DTI ratio, which is calculated by dividing your monthly debts by your gross monthly income.
Home equity loans can be used for anything you choose to spend the money on. Typical life expenses that people usually take out home equity loans for are to cover expenditures such as home renovations, higher education costs like tuition or to pay off high-interest charges like credit card debt. There’s a bonus for using your loan for home improvements and renovations: the interest is tax deductible.
You can also use a home equity loan in the event of an emergency like unplanned medical expenses. Whatever you chose to use your loan for, keep in mind that taking out a large sum of money that accrues interest is an expensive choice to carefully consider, especially because you’re using your home as collateral to secure the loan. If you can’t pay back the loan, the lender can seize your home to repay your debt.
Methodology
We evaluated a range of lenders based on factors such as interest rates, APRs and fees, how long the draw and repayment periods are, and what types and variety of loans are offered. We also took into account factors that impact the user experience such as how easy it is to apply for a loan online and whether physical lender locations exist.