If you caused a major car accident and the other driver sued you to cover their medical costs, would you have enough liability insurance to pay the damages? In a financially disastrous situation like this one, an umbrella insurance policy could help.
Umbrella insurance offers extra liability coverage beyond what’s on the policies you already have, such as auto or homeowners insurance. But there can be big differences from one umbrella policy to the next, including coverage details and maximum limits. Here’s how to find the best umbrella insurance for you.
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How to find the best umbrella insurance
When comparing umbrella insurance options, consider the following questions.
What’s covered?
A standard umbrella insurance policy will cover injuries or property damage you cause to others, as well as your legal defense for such claims. But the nitty-gritty details may vary between policies.
For example, if your idea of a fun vacation is renting a Jet Ski and hitting the water, know that some umbrella insurers won’t cover these kinds of personal watercraft. The best umbrella insurance coverage for you will include your hobbies and other activities.
Many umbrella policies offer coverage anywhere in the world, which could be useful if you often travel overseas. But some policies may pay only for lawsuits brought in the U.S. or Canada.
You might also see some insurers offering excess liability policies, which tend to be similar but not identical to umbrella policies. Excess liability policies essentially boost the limits on the coverage you already have, while umbrella policies may also offer extra types of coverage that aren’t available on your existing policies.
An independent insurance agent can help talk you through exactly what’s covered and what isn’t by each policy you’re considering.
How much underlying coverage is required?
Insurers often require a minimum amount of liability insurance on your underlying policies before you can buy umbrella insurance.
For instance, to add umbrella coverage to your car insurance, your policy may need to have $250,000 of bodily injury liability coverage and $100,000 of property damage liability coverage. To add umbrella coverage to a homeowners policy, you often need $300,000 of liability insurance.
If your existing policies fall short of these limits, increasing your coverage amounts will likely raise your premiums.
Can you buy your policies from different companies?
Before they sell you an umbrella policy, many insurers require that you carry your auto, homeowners, condo or renters insurance with them, too. RLI and Auto-Owners Insurance are two companies that offer stand-alone umbrella insurance policies, meaning you could carry your auto or homeowners coverage with someone else.
How much coverage should you buy?
Another factor to look at when shopping is the maximum limit a company offers. Most umbrella policies stop at $5 million, but some go higher. Farmers, for instance, offers umbrella insurance up to $10 million in most states, while Chubb‘s umbrella limits go up to $100 million.
When choosing your coverage limit, add up the value of your assets, such as savings, investments and real estate. These are things you could lose if someone files a lawsuit against you. Consider choosing an umbrella liability limit at least high enough to cover all your assets.
Where to buy umbrella insurance
Many major carriers offer umbrella insurance. A good first step is to call your current auto and home insurer and request an umbrella insurance quote. Remember that you may have to increase the coverage limits on your underlying policies, which could raise your total cost.
If you have coverage with multiple companies, ask how much it would cost to move all your policies to that company, including the new umbrella. See if a bundling discount could reduce the total cost of your premiums.
🤓Nerdy Tip
Take this opportunity to shop around. Since you’re adding a new type of insurance and potentially raising the coverage limits on your existing policies, you may find that your current insurer no longer offers the best value.
We recommend getting quotes from at least three companies before making a decision. An independent agent or broker can shop around on your behalf and explain the coverage differences between policies.
Umbrella insurance companies to consider
Below are some of the major umbrella insurance companies in the U.S., along with details about their coverage limits and eligibility requirements. Keep in mind that smaller regional insurers may also offer solid coverage at an affordable price. A local insurance agent can help you find them.
Allstate
Coverage limits: $1 million to $5 million.
States available: Washington, D.C., and all states except Alaska, Massachusetts, Nevada and New York.
Eligibility requirements: You must have underlying policies with at least the following limits:
$300,000 of liability coverage.
$250,000 bodily injury liability per person.
$500,000 bodily injury liability per accident.
$100,000 property damage liability.
$500,000 combined single limit.
Amica
Coverage limits: $1 million to $5 million.
States available: Washington, D.C., and all states except Hawaii.
Eligibility requirements: Requirements vary by state. Generally, your underlying policies must meet the following minimums:
$300,000 of liability coverage.
$250,000 bodily injury liability per person.
$500,000 bodily injury liability per accident.
$50,000 property damage liability.
$500,000 combined single limit.
Auto-Owners
Coverage limits: $1 million to $5 million, with additional limits potentially available.
States available: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia and Wisconsin.
Eligibility requirements: Eligibility requirements differ depending on underlying policy, underlying carrier and where you live.
Chubb
Coverage limits: $1 million to $100 million.
States available: All 50 states and Washington, D.C.
Eligibility requirements: Minimum limits for underlying policies vary by state.
Note: Chubb’s policy is technically an excess liability policy, not an umbrella policy.
Farmers
Coverage limits: $1 million to $10 million, except in Florida and California, where the maximum limit is $5 million.
States available: All states except Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, D.C., and West Virginia.
Eligibility requirements: Farmers must insure at least one car with bodily injury liability limits of at least $250,000 per person and $500,000 per accident. You can insure your home with any company as long as it has at least $300,000 of liability coverage.
Geico
Insurance type
NerdWallet star rating
Auto insurance
Homeowners insurance
Coverage limits: $500,000 to $10 million. (Limits above $2 million require additional eligibility requirements.)
States available: Washington, D.C., and all states except Alabama, California, Georgia, Montana, Nevada, New York, Texas and Washington. In the states where Geico doesn’t currently sell umbrella insurance, it can offer a policy through a partner carrier.
Eligibility requirements: You generally must have all vehicles insured with Geico and have the following minimum coverage limits on any relevant underlying policies:
Auto, RV, motorcycle or golf cart
$300,000 bodily injury liability per person.
$300,000 bodily injury liability per accident.
$100,000 property damage liability.
Property (homeowners, renters, etc.)
$300,000 of liability coverage.
Boat (26 feet or longer, or over 50 horsepower)
$300,000 of liability coverage.
Boat (under 26 feet with motor of 50 horsepower or less)
$100,000 of liability coverage.
Liberty Mutual
Coverage limits: $1 million to $5 million.
States available: All states except California, Georgia, Louisiana and New Jersey. Coverage limits and requirements vary by state.
Eligibility requirements: You generally must have a Liberty Mutual auto policy with at least the limits below, but requirements may vary by state. The other policy types are optional, but if you have any of them, the liability limit must be at least $100,000.
$250,000 bodily injury liability per person.
$500,000 bodily injury liability per accident.
$50,000 property damage liability.
$500,000 combined single limit.
Homeowners, dwelling, watercraft, farmer’s personal liability or general personal liability
$100,000 of liability coverage.
Nationwide
Coverage limits: $1 million to $5 million.
States available: Washington, D.C., and all states except Alaska, Hawaii, Louisiana and Oklahoma.
Eligibility requirements: It depends on where you live. In most cases, all vehicles and your primary home must have Nationwide policies with at least the following limits:
$300,000 of liability coverage.
$250,000 bodily injury liability per person.
$500,000 bodily injury liability per accident.
$100,000 property damage liability.
$300,000 bodily injury liability per person.
$300,000 bodily injury liability per accident.
$100,000 property damage liability.
USAA
Coverage limits: $1 million to $5 million, with higher limits available through the USAA Insurance Agency.
States available: All 50 states and Washington, D.C.
Eligibility requirements: USAA policies are available only to veterans, active military and their families. The following limits apply to underlying policies:
Refinancing a rental property can allow you to change the mortgage term, rate or both or take out equity for financial needs.
To refinance your rental property, be sure you’re up on lender requirements, know your equity and are ready to shop around to find the best rate.
Refinancing isn’t just for a primary residency. Owners of secondary residences or other real estate can save money if they can find the right deal. Knowing when to refinance your rental property comes down to factors like your current mortgage interest rate and remaining term years.
7 reasons to refinance a rental property
Whether you need to make your property expenses more manageable or access cash, refinancing your rentals has clear benefits. Some common reasons to consider a rental refinance include:
Lower your interest rate
Who wouldn’t like to pay less interest on their loan each month? If you see rates dropping and have many years left on your mortgage, refinancing can save you thousands of dollars over the long term.
Lower monthly mortgage payments
You can lower your payment by lowering your interest rate or extending the terms of your mortgage or both. This could increase your monthly take-home earnings from the rental property.
Alter the mortgage term
Refinancing allows you to change the length of your mortgage term. By selecting a 15-year mortgage instead of a 30-year one, you’ll save money on interest over the long run.
Eliminate mortgage insurance
If you have a conventional loan and made less than a 20 percent down payment when you bought the property, you’re probably paying private mortgage insurance. Assuming you now have enough equity, you can eliminate this monthly fee by refinancing. Also assuming you have enough equity, you can refinance an FHA loan to a conventional one to get rid of FHA mortgage insurance premiums.
Get cash for home improvements
If you want to make home improvements, add an addition or expand amenities on the rental property to up the rent or lease, a cash-out refinance may be a good way to pay for it.
Consolidate debt
If there is equity in the home, you can use the cash from a refinance to pay down credit cards or other debt with higher interest rates.
Tap into your home equity
By using the equity in a rental home, you could purchase more rentals or upgrade the ones you own. You could also finance other investments or improve your own home.
How to refinance a rental or investment property
If you’ve decided it’s the right move for you, here’s a breakdown of how to refinance a rental property:
Step 1: Check your equity
Knowing how much equity you need to have in the home before you begin the application process could spare you a rejection. (Equity is your ownership stake — the percentage of the home you own outright.) For most conventional and FHA loans, lenders ask that you have at least 20 percent equity in the property. They may want you to have at least 25 percent equity for a rental refinance.
Step 2: Know the requirements
Lenders generally tend to be less lenient with refinancing requirements on investment properties. Some requirements might include:
DTI ratio: For a primary residence, lenders may allow you to have a debt-to-income ratio of up to 50 percent if you have savings and good credit. Because lenders may see an investment property as a riskier loan, you may be capped at about 43 percent.
LTV ratio: The loan-to-value ratio represents how much equity you have in your home. It measures your current loan balance against the current property value. As mentioned above, you may need as much as 25 percent equity in a rental property to refinance it, meaning an LTV ratio no greater than 75 percent.
Limited number of properties: If you’ve got a large portfolio of rental properties, you may not be able to refinance at your local retail bank or get as good of a loan. Instead, you might do better with an investment property-oriented outfit that offers asset-based lending. “At the bank, not only are you going to have the same property requirements, but you’ll also have personal income requirements,” says Jason Haye, VP national sales manager at Velocity Commercial Capital, which specializes in loans for multi-family and small commercial properties. “We’ll look at the property alone.”
Appraisal: Your lender will want proof that your property is worth what you say. You can get a broker price opinion in some cases, but the lender will probably insist on an actual appraiser (it’ll arrange it, but you pay for it).
Tenants: Having tenants is crucial to a rental refinance. “It’s supposed to be an income-based property, and if it’s vacant, it’s generating zero. That’s not good,” says Haye. “It seems basic, but make sure you have a renter in there.”
Step 3: Compare refinance rates and lenders
As with all loans and financial products, it’s a good idea to shop around and talk to a few refinance lenders before you move ahead. By comparing terms, you can determine which offer works best in your situation.
Many lenders who offer lower interest rates have higher origination fees, and vice versa. Be sure to ask about origination fees and other closing costs before you apply and measure that against your interest rate. Getting pre-approved by at least three lenders gives you an idea about your range of choices.
Lenders generally consider rental properties riskier investments than primary residences. As a result, your new rental mortgage rate will probably be higher than what you could get on your main home, says Tom Schneider, VP of product management at Pathway Homes. He explains, “They’re not as great as you might be able to get for your personal property, but there’s not a huge delta.”
The average rental mortgage rate at traditional lenders is usually about 50 basis points higher than that for a primary mortgage, says Schneider. Specialized lenders may charge even higher rates — at least a full percentage point higher — because they cater to a niche market, but they often work fast.
Step 4: Gather your documentation
Refinancing typically requires submitting a lot of documents. Streamlined refinancing is the only exception. Your lender will want to see not only your personal finances and obligations but also reports relating to your rental property’s income. Prepare your documents in advance, including:
Proof of income: You’ll likely need to provide copies of recent paystubs to confirm your employment and income.
Tax returns: The lender will also likely ask for copies of tax returns to verify employment history and income.
Personal details needed for credit check: This includes your consent, full name, address, social security number and date of birth.
Explanatory letters: If you have any gaps in income or a negative mark on your credit history that needs explaining, you might need to provide the lender with a letter.
Homeowners insurance policy: You must show the lender you have enough insurance coverage to protect the home and property it is lending a mortgage to.
Recorded deed: This document shows you have a legal claim to the property.
If your property has been rented in the past, many lenders will allow you to apply 75 percent of the current agreement as part of your income. In other words, if your tenant pays $10,000 annually, you can add $7,500 to your income.
Step 5: Submit your refinance application
If you have your documents ready, you can often submit your application quickly. You may even be able to complete the application online. Most major lenders will need to evaluate and then underwrite your loan in-house, which can take between 30 and 60 days.
Step 6: Close on your new loan
You will need to sign the final documents when the loan is approved.
Should you refinance your rental property?
Before heading to your local lender for a refinance on your rental, take time to consider the benefits and drawbacks of doing so:
Benefits of refinancing a rental property
Cash for updates. A refinance can provide funds for updating or renovating the property, which could justify raising rent on your asset.
It provides an opportunity for new terms. You could change your 30-year mortgage to a 15-year mortgage with a refinance.
You can pay off debt. Using a cash-out refinance could allow you to pay off or down accumulated debts.
Drawbacks of refinancing a rental property
You’ll have to pay some money upfront. Like any other mortgage, you’ll have to cover closing costs and lender fees. Plus, if you need a property survey or appraisal, you might have to pay for those, too.
It may not be as affordable as you think. Be sure to factor in all the costs of refinancing a loan, including a change in interest rates, and make sure it’ll save you money.
You might initially lose equity. If you have been building equity and take a chunk out of it to refinance, your rental property will temporarily lose value as an asset. It will take time to build back up the equity you used.
FAQ about refinancing a rental property
Yes, you can refinance a rental property if you have tenants. In fact, it may be easier to refinance a property with tenants than a property that is sitting empty.
Yes. You can use rental income to help qualify for a refinance as long as you can prove that it’s a stable source of income.
If your mortgage lender doesn’t handle rental property refinancing, it may make sense to consult with a mortgage broker or specialized lender who does to see what options you have. A mortgage broker can shop your information around to various lenders and find you the best deals.
We have all seen horror stories on the news or social media when a squatter moves into a vacant house or rental property and the unlucky owners cannot get rid of them. That happened to me and it was not a fun time. Luckily it provided some great content for my YouTube channel which helped offset the cost of those squatters. I was also fortunate that I did not have to deal with the squatters for years or even more than 6 months as many people do. How long it takes to get rid of squatters can depend on the state, county, or town you reside in. While I was able to get rid of the squatters, I could have done a few things differently that may have forced them out sooner.
Table of Contents
How did I get squatters?
I own an 8-unit apartment building that I call the Ocho. I bought this property a couple of years ago and it came with some tenants who were not amazing. One of those tenants had been behind on rent a few times and caused some other issues so we decided not to renew their lease. That tenant said they were planning to move out of state so it worked out for everyone, or so we thought.
Below is the actual eviction
We gave them notice and about 20 days later they said they would be out and would drop off the keys. Those keys never showed up. We called a few times and we got the same story. They were almost done moving out and would have keys to us soon. The keys never showed up and then the story from the tenant changed. They said they were all moved out but their sister was at the house cleaning for a day. She claimed the sister would drop off the keys soon. I knew this story was not going to end well.
I stopped by the property and talked to the “sister” who was at the property. There was also another lady and maybe more people in the apartment and they did not look like they were cleaning. They said they would be out the next day and would drop off the keys. Big surprise they did not show up so I stopped by the apartment again to see what was going on and I got the same story. Luckily we had already posted a stay or quit notice when the first tenant had said they were bringing keys and never did because they never paid rent for the next month after they were supposed to have moved.
I knew the sister was not going to leave but evictions are expensive and we try to avoid them. I told her I would pay her $200 if she could be out by the end of the week. She agreed and said she would be out and get us the keys. That day came and she said she was out so I stopped by the property. To my surprise, she was out! However, there were at least three new people in the apartment who I had never seen before.
I was hesitant to talk to them because they did not look like they wanted to talk to me but I really wanted them out. I walked over and one of them came out of the apartment. He claimed to be the ex-boyfriend of the original tenant and said the “sister” was his sister and not related to the tenant. He claimed he had moved in because he used to live here with the original tenant and the electric bill was in his name. However, he was never on the lease and we had never seen him or talked to him before. He also showed me a massive cut on his arm he said he got from being stabbed recently but decided he didn’t need to go to the hospital so he taped it shut.
I told him he couldn’t stay and he needed to leave. He gave me all kinds of stories like he approved to get rent money from COVID funds, he said he talked to my office and they said he could stay, and he said his ex said he could be there. None of these stories checked out. I even called the ex who he claimed told him he could stay and asked her about it. She confirmed no one should be there and one reason she is moving out of state is this guy. Some other people came out of the apartment and said they would start paying rent too and had jobs but they hadn’t been paid yet. Even if they had money, I would never take it as that could constitute a lease!
It was clear they were not going to leave. Unfortunately, while I was talking to them the server for the eviction came by and posted the notice that said they had another ten days until the court date for the eviction. They all thought that meant they could stay! I thought about calling the cops and I should have even though they may not have done anything in this situation. Technically they were trespassing but they also had the keys and cops tend to try to stay out of these situations.
I decided to leave and pursue the eviction since it was coming up.
The eviction hearing
I always use an attorney to handle all of my evictions because I have tried it on my own and I never fill out the paperwork right and it costs me more time and money than an attorney would have cost me. I let my attorney take care of it and waited for him to tell me when the eviction date would be. I got a call from the attorney and he said the eviction was not granted! I could not believe it. He said the squatters showed up to the hearing which was a Zoom call because of covid and the judge granted them a 30-day extension because “they had nowhere to go”.
Looking back on this I should have gone to the hearing. I do not know if it would have helped but I could have told the story and what happened and maybe the judge would not have made that decision. As it was, I now had to wait 30 days or hope they moved out which they were not going to do. I drove by all the time and saw more people in and around the unit. I wanted them out so bad, not just because I feared they were destroying the place but because of the other tenants in the building as well.
Another eviction hearing
I showed up to the next hearing and my attorney and I waited for the judge who hopped on the Zoom call about 10 minutes late. The squatters were not on the call. The judge made us wait another 15 minutes for them to show and he seemed disappointed that they never did. He finally ruled the eviction would proceed since they did not show up. We finally got the eviction scheduled with the sheriff for three weeks out.
Time drug on for what seemed like forever and the eviction day finally came. I showed up with my crew because Colorado requires ten people to be there so they can move everything out in an hour. The sheriff’s deputies serve the notice and make sure everyone is safe. I know the deputies and they are really cool. I could not tell if the squatters were still there but I would think they wouldn’t be because I was guessing they didn’t want any contact with law enforcement.
I was wrong! They were still there and it took them 15 minutes to answer the door. The deputies talked to them and they had not moved anything out. We all decided to give them 10 minutes to move what they could and then we would move the rest. I got in the property and it was dirty but thankfully not destroyed. The tenants moved their stuff into their car and left. I never saw them again. The rest of the stuff we left in the yard for 24 hours per Colorado law and disposed of after that.
This could have been much worse based on what I see in other states but it was still frustrating waiting months for the eviction and not getting any rent.
Another squatter eviction we did:
How to get squatters out
There are a few things I could have done better and some things others can do to avoid long squatter situations as well.
If you have vacant properties check on them often! A vacant property is a target for squatters and vandalism.
If you see someone on your property who should not be there call the police immediately. The police may or may not do anything but you still need to try. Some squatters may not want police contact and may leave if they come. The police may say it’s a civil matter or not their problem but remind them it is trespassing and illegal. If you let squatters stay too long without reporting them it makes it much more difficult to get rid of them.
If there are squatters with no lease, create a document stating the people in the property have no lease and no permission to be in the property. Get this statement notarized and bring it with a copy of the Deed showing the true owner does not have any lease with the squatters in case the squatters provide a fake lease.
If you think something fishy is going on with your tenants, schedule an inspection. Most leases should have a clause that the landlord can inspect the property with notice. If they won’t let you in, that could be grounds for eviction.
If tenants are not paying or are supposed to leave and not leaving, start the eviction process as soon as possible.
In extreme situations, you can try offering cash for keys, or money for them to move. Never pay them before they are out and give you the keys.
Be careful accepting any money or rent as that could give them legal grounds to stay even if they do not have a formal lease.
If an eviction hearing is scheduled it doesn’t hurt to show up yourself to give insight into the situation. Just don’t lose your cool or make it worse.
Don’t do anything illegal like bring enforcers to physically remove people. Talk to an attorney and check state laws to make sure you don’t give the judge or squatters a reason to stay.
If you are in a really tricky situation with state laws and police who will not help, turn to social media or neighbors. Tell your story and the more attention you get, the more likely you can get your situation resolved. Again, stay within the law, stay calm, and don’t make it worse.
Be careful about rekeying properties or trying to force them out on your own.
Conclusion
A lot of people think that because they own the property they can do whatever they want, however, that is not the case. When you rent to someone or give them permission to be in the property they have gained rights to that property. If they live there they are in possession of the property and you cannot simply force them to move or rekey the property. Be sure to talk to a lawyer and check with state laws when you encounter a situation like this. Each state has different laws and eviction processes so just because you see someone else do it, doesn’t make it legal. I hope you never have to encounter a situation like this but if you do act fast and don’t give up!
A home equity loan or line of credit (HELOC) leverages your ownership stake to help you finance large costs over time.
Home equity financing offers more money at a lower interest rate than credit cards or personal loans.
Some of the most common (and best) reasons for using home equity include paying for home renovations, consolidating debt and covering emergency or medical bills.
Although allowable, it’s best to avoid using home equity for discretionary purchases and expenses.
The U.S. seems to have dodged a recession, but elevated interest rates, rising prices and shrinking savings continue to imperil many Americans’ financial security. Borrowing hasn’t been this expensive in 20 years and, to add insult to injury, it’s harder to get financing or credit, too. Half of Americans who’ve applied for a loan or financial product since March 2022 (when the Fed started raising its key benchmark rate) have been rejected, according to Bankrate’s recent credit denials survey).
But amid still-high mortgage rates and home prices, there’s a silver lining for homeowners. The rise in property values has increased the worth of their home equity, or outright ownership stake. You can borrow against that equity to meet new expenses — or settle old ones.
Two options to tap into your equity are home equity loans and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). They may not be as well-known as other financing options (in Bankrate’s credit denials survey, only 4 percent of Americans have applied for one since March 2022), but they have several advantages.
If you’re a homeowner needing cash, here are 10 reasons to use home equity — some better than others. In each case, we’ve noted the pros and cons.
$299,000
Amount the average mortgage-holder had in home equity as of year-end 2023, up $25,000 from 2022
Source:
ICE Mortgage Technology
Why use home equity?
Key terms
Home equity
Home equity is the difference between what your home is worth and how much you still owe on your mortgage. As you pay down your mortgage and your home’s value increases, your equity stake grows.
Home equity loan
A home equity loan is a type of second mortgage in which you receive a lump sum upfront and then make regular monthly repayments over the loan term, usually at a fixed interest rate.
HELOC
A HELOC is a revolving line of credit, much like a credit card, that comes with a variable rate. You can borrow, repay and then re-use funds as needed during a set draw period and then pay off your balance during a repayment period.
Tapping your home’s equity can help you cover significant expenses, improve your financial situation or achieve any other money goal. The interest rates on a home equity loan or HELOC are usually lower than those on other forms of financing, and you can often obtain more funds with an equity product compared to a credit card, which might have a lower limit, or a personal loan. Home equity loans and HELOCs are also repaid over a longer term, meaning you’ll have more manageable payments month to month.
10 reasons to use a home equity loan
There aren’t any restrictions on how to use equity in your home, but there are a few ways to make the most of a home equity loan or HELOC. Here are 10 ways to use your home equity, along with their pros and cons.
1. Home improvements
Home improvement is one of the most common reasons homeowners take out home equity loans or HELOCs. Besides making the home more comfortable, upgrades could make it more valuable.
“Home equity is a great option to finance large projects like a kitchen renovation that will increase a home’s value over time,” says Glenn Brunker, president of online lender Ally Home. “Many times, these investments will pay for themselves by increasing the home’s value.”
Another reason to consider a home equity loan or HELOC for renovations: You could deduct the interest paid on the loan, assuming you itemize your deductions on tax return.
Pros
You can reinvest your home’s equity to increase the value of your property.
If you itemize your tax return, you could deduct the interest on your home equity loan or HELOC, up to the limit.
A HELOC, which allows gradual withdrawals, in particular can be ideal for long-term projects in which you pay contractors at set intervals, or ones in which the final cost is indefinite.
Cons
The monthly payments on a home equity loan or HELOC, coupled with your monthly mortgage payments, could stretch your budget too thin.
Depending on the scope of the remodel, you might need more than what you can borrow from your equity.
If you can’t repay the home equity loan or HELOC, the lender could foreclose on your home.
2. Education costs
A home equity loan or HELOC can help you fund higher education or continuing education, whether for you, your children or other loved ones. This route typically only makes sense, however, when home equity rates are lower than student loan rates. That doesn’t happen often, especially compared to federal student loans.
Consider, too, the type of education you’re financing. Someone obtaining a teaching certification, for example, might be able to get the cost covered by their future employer. Some public service professions are also eligible for student loan forgiveness after a period of time. In these cases, it wouldn’t be smart to put your home on the line with an equity loan.
Pros
Could be a lower-interest option than a private student loan, a federal parent loan or a personal loan.
HELOC gradual withdrawal structure tailor-made for annual or semi-annual tuition payments.
Could furnish a greater sum than a student loan.
Cons
Repayment starts sooner (with a home equity loan).
Rates not as competitive as federal student loans’.
Tapping home equity is riskier: If you default, you could lose your home.
The student might be able to get financial help in other ways, such as from a future employer or via loan forgiveness.
3. Debt consolidation
Americans’ credit card debt is skyrocketing. According to Bankrate’s recent credit card survey, nearly half (49 percent) of credit card holders carry a balance from month to month, up from 39 percent in 2021. Given their average interest rate of 22.75 percent, paying down that debt can be tricky — and expensive.
A HELOC or home equity loan can be used to pay off the plastic, along with other high-interest loans. “This is another very popular use of home equity, as one is often able to consolidate debt at a much lower rate over a longer term and reduce monthly expenses significantly,” says Matt Hackett, operations manager at mortgage lender Equity Now.
Home Equity
According to Bankrate’s February 2024 credit card repayment strategies survey, only 10% of credit card-holding U.S. adults report using a home equity loan and/or line of credit to consolidate and pay off credit card debt.
Pros
You could save on interest and lower your monthly payments.
Eliminating credit card debt boosts your credit score.
Cons
You’re turning an unsecured debt, such as a credit card, into secured debt now backed by your home. If you default on your equity loan or HELOC, you could lose your house to foreclosure.
If you haven’t broken the financial habits that got you into debt in the first place, or come up with a plan for repayment, you’re simply swapping one form of debt for another.
4. Emergency expenses
Many financial experts agree you should have an emergency fund to cover three to six months of living expenses, but that’s not the reality for many Americans, according to Bankrate’s 2024 annual emergency savings survey. If you find yourself in a costly situation — maybe you’re facing large medical bills or unexpected home repairs — a home equity loan or HELOC can be one way to stay afloat.
However, this is only a viable option if you have a plan for how to repay the debt. While you might feel better knowing you could access your home equity in case of an emergency, it still makes smart financial sense to set up and start contributing to an emergency fund. Plus, the application process for a HELOC or home equity loan takes time (though it’s speeded up of late: Some online lenders, such as Better, are offering approval decisions within one day). In a true emergency when you need cash fast, you’d need to already have the loan in place to use it.
Pros
If you’re in an emergency situation and have no other means to come up with the necessary cash, a home equity loan or HELOC could be the answer.
Cons
If you don’t have a HELOC or home equity loan already established, you’ll need to complete the application process first. So these loans won’t do you any good in a time-sensitive emergency.
You’re depleting your ownership stake, diluting the worth of a major asset: your home.
5. Weddings
The average cost of a wedding in 2023 was $35,000, according to the planning site The Knot — up $5,000 from 2022. For some couples, it might make sense to take out a home equity loan or HELOC to cover this expense, rather than a wedding loan, a type of personal loan. That’s because the interest rates on personal loans are typically higher than interest rates for home equity loans and HELOCs.
The major disadvantage, however: You’d be putting your home on the line for a discretionary expense. This can be risky if you don’t have a solid plan to repay the loan. It also tacks on interest to an expense that didn’t have interest to begin with, ultimately costing you more.
If you do go this route, be careful not to take out more than you need. If you’re unsure of the total tab for your big day, a HELOC is the better option.
Pros
Rates probably cheaper than those of personal loans or credit cards.
You may be able to access more funds than you would with other loans.
Cons
It’s a questionable move to put your home on the line for what’s essentially a big party.
You’re paying interest, so your wedding will cost more than you think: You could be paying for it decades after you wed.
When the loan’s used this way, the interest isn’t tax-deductible.
6. Business expenses
Some business owners use their home equity to start or grow their company. If you need capital, you might be able to save money on interest by taking equity out of your home instead of taking out a business loan. Before you commit, though, run the numbers. A return on investment isn’t guaranteed, and you’re putting your house on the line.
Pros
You might be able to borrow money at a lower interest rate with a home equity loan than you would with a small business loan.
It might be easier to obtain capital with a home equity loan than with a loan tied to your business, especially if you’re just starting out.
Cons
If your business fails, you’d still need to make payments on what you borrowed, regardless of lack of earnings. If you can’t, you could face foreclosure.
7. Investment opportunities
It’s possible to use home equity to invest in the stock market or buy a rental property — though both propositions are risky and require serious care and consideration. A well-qualified borrower might be able to take out a home equity loan on an investment property, as well.
Consider the interest rate on home equity borrowing, especially if you’re using the funds for investment purposes. “With interest rates of 9 percent, 10 percent or even higher, this is no longer low-cost debt,” says Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate’s chief financial analyst. “At rates that high, it is a tough hurdle to clear to get a positive return on your investment.”
Pros
Investing in the stock market or real estate can be a great way to build wealth.
Leveraging assets to invest increases your rate of return.
Cons
Investments always carry risk, but that’s especially true when you’re putting your home on the line. It’s possible that you won’t earn a high enough return to outweigh your loan debt.
You can’t take advantage of the home equity loan’s tax deduction on interest, except in a few cases, such as buying adjacent property or land.
8. Retirement income
If your retirement savings are falling short, tapping home’s equity can help supplement your income so you can better manage expenses. These funds can be used to cover bills, emergency expenses or even home improvements to make you more comfortable as you age. A big caveat: This strategy relies on your ability to repay the loan or HELOC. If you’re not yet drawing Social Security, you might be able to repay HELOC funds with the benefit money later on. If you’re fully retired and struggling to make ends meet, however, it’s possible you won’t have the means to repay the debt, even if you have a HELOC you don’t have to pay back right away.
There are other roadblocks to this strategy, too: If you’re still paying your first mortgage, tapping your equity adds to your expenses and puts you in debt that much longer. It might also be harder to even get an equity loan if your income has decreased in retirement.
Pros
Using your hard-acquired home wealth as source for retirement income can be a smart use of assets.
Cons
You’ll need to think through how to repay your loan while you’re retired, and even afterwards. Home equity debt doesn’t disappear when you pass away — your heirs will have to work with your lender if they want to keep the home.
It could be harder to qualify for a home equity loan with a lower retirement income.
Home Equity
If you need retirement income, a reverse mortgage may be a better option than a home equity loan or HELOC. With a reverse mortgage, your lender pays you a lump sum or a series of monthly payments; how much you can get is based on your home’s value. The loan balance (plus interest) becomes due when you move out, sell the home or pass away. Most reverse mortgages include a “non-recourse” clause, which stipulates that you (or your estate) can’t owe more than the home’s value when the loan becomes due (so if the home’s depreciated and worth less than the loan balance, no one is on the hook for the difference). The advantages: There are no monthly repayments while you’re living in the home, and there are no income or credit score requirements, so you can qualify even if you’re struggling financially. However, to get a reverse mortgage, you usually need to be 62 or older and have substantial equity in your home — meaning, your primary mortgage be substantially, if not entirely, paid off.
9. Funding a vacation
Traveling can come with a steep price tag, and tapping your home’s equity could help cover the costs without having to increase your credit card debt. Even the best vacations don’t last forever, though, and home equity debt can linger for decades, so weigh your decision carefully. Is the trip worth potentially risking your house to pay for?
Pros
Home equity loans typically have lower interest rates than credit cards, which could save you money.
Cons
Putting your home on the line is an extremely risky way to finance a trip that will be over in a matter of days — and you’ll still be paying for it many years after it’s over, which could ultimately cost you more in interest.
10. Other big-ticket items
It’s possible to use your home equity for big-ticket purchases, but it doesn’t add up in many cases. Home equity loans have much longer repayment terms than auto loans, for example, resulting in lower monthly payments, but much more interest over time. Cars are also depreciating assets, meaning your car will be worth much less than you paid for it by the time you finish repaying the equity loan.
Pros
You could finance a larger purchase, like a car.
Cons
Your home’s equity isn’t worth leveraging on an expense that won’t give you a solid return. With the example of buying a car, you’ll be risking your home for an asset that will be worth less than what you paid for it by the time you’ve finished repaying the loan.
Using home equity FAQ
The amount of home equity you can borrow against depends on a number of factors, including how much the home is worth, the outstanding balance on your mortgage and your credit score. Assuming you’re well-qualified, many home equity lenders allow you to tap up to 80 percent of your equity.
As with any loan product, a home equity loan or HELOC can hurt your credit score in the short term, in part because you’re taking on more debt and potentially raising your credit utilization ratio. Over time, however, your credit score could go up as you make regular monthly payments on your home equity loan. It’s possible to get a home equity loan with bad credit, too.
It can be. You can deduct home equity loan interest if you use the funds to “buy, build or substantially improve” the home that was used to secure the loan, according to the IRS. You must itemize deductions on your tax return, and — similar to the mortgage deduction — there are limits as to how much you can deduct.
Yes. The closing costs for home equity loans and HELOCs can range from 1 percent to 5 percent of your loan amount. These can include many of the same closing costs as a typical real estate closing, such as origination, appraisal and credit report fees. HELOC lenders also often charge annual fees to keep the line open, as well as an early termination fee if you close it within three years of opening. You could also incur a charge if you decide to convert your HELOC balance to a fixed interest rate.
If you’ve just closed on a home and need cash, you can generally tap into your home equity right away. However, some lenders require borrowers to wait several months before applying for a home equity loan or HELOC. And whether there’s a waiting period or not, you’ll have to meet the lender’s eligibility requirements. These can include credit score minimums, income verification and debt-to-income (DTI) ratio maximums. Most importantly, you’ll also need at least 20 percent equity in your home to qualify, though some lenders accept 15 percent.
Real estate investing can be an effective way to hedge against the effects of inflation in a portfolio while generating a steady stream of income. When it comes to how to invest in real estate, there’s no single path to entry.
Where you decide to get started can ultimately depend on how much money you have to invest, your risk tolerance, and how hands-on you want to be when managing real estate investments.
Why Invest in Real Estate?
Real estate investing can yield numerous benefits, for new and seasoned investors alike. Here are some of the main advantages to consider with property investments.
• Real estate can diversify your portfolio, allowing you to better balance risk and rewards.
• Provides the opportunity to generate investment returns outside of owning securities such as stocks, ETFs, or bonds.
• Historically, real estate is often seen as a hedge against inflation, since property prices tend to increase in tandem with price increases for other consumer goods and services.
• Owning real estate investments can allow you to generate a steady stream of passive income in the form of rents or dividends.
• Rental property ownership can include some tax breaks since the IRS allows you to deduct ordinary and necessary expenses related to operating the property.
• Real estate may appreciate significantly over time, which could result in a sizable gain should you decide to sell it. However, real estate can also depreciate in value, leading to a possible loss or negative return. Investors should know that the real estate market is different than the stock market, and adjust their expectations accordingly.
There’s one more thing that makes real estate investing for beginners particularly attractive: There are many ways to do it, which means you can choose investments that are best suited to your needs and goals.
💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alts through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.
Alternative investments, now for the rest of us.
Start trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.
7 Ways to Invest in Real Estate
Real estate investments can take different forms, some of which require direct property ownership and others that don’t. As you compare different real estate investments, here are some important things to weigh:
• Minimum investment requirements
• Any fees you might pay to own the investment
• Holding periods
• Past performance and expected returns
• Investment-specific risk factors
With those things in mind, here are seven ways to get started with real estate investing for beginners.
1. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
A real estate investment trust (REIT) is a company that owns and operates income-producing properties. The types of properties you might find in a REIT include warehouses, storage facilities, shopping centers, and office space. A REIT may also own mortgages or mortgage-backed securities.
REITs allow investors to enjoy the benefits of property ownership without having to buy a building or land. Specifically, that means steady income as REITs are required to pay out 90% of taxable income annually to shareholders in the form of dividends. Most REIT dividends are considered to be ordinary income for tax purposes.
Many REITs are publicly traded on an exchange just like a stock. That means you can buy shares through your brokerage account if you have one, making it relatively easy to add REITs to your portfolio. Remember to consider any commission fees you might pay to trade REIT shares in your brokerage account.
2. Real Estate Funds
Real estate funds are mutual funds that own a basket of securities. Depending on the fund’s investment strategy, that may include:
• Individual commercial properties
• REITs
• Mortgages and mortgage-backed securities
Mutual funds also trade on stock exchanges, just like REITs. One of the key differences is that mutual funds are not required to pay out dividends to investors, though they can do so.
Instead, real estate funds aim to provide value to investors in the form of capital appreciation. A real estate fund may buy and hold property investments for the long term, in anticipation of those investments increasing in value over time.
Investing in a real estate fund vs. REIT could offer broader exposure to a wider range of property types or investments. A REIT, for instance, may invest only in hotels and resorts whereas a real estate mutual fund may diversify with hotels, office space, retail centers, and other property types.
3. REIT ETFs
A REIT ETF or exchange-traded fund is similar to a mutual fund, but the difference is that it trades on an exchange just like a stock. There’s also a difference between REIT ETFs and real estate mutual funds regarding what they invest in. With a REIT ETF, holdings are primarily concentrated on real estate investment trusts only.
That means you could buy a single REIT ETF and gain exposure to 10, 20 or more REITs in one investment vehicle.
Some of the main advantages of choosing a REIT ETF vs. real estate funds or individual REITs include:
• Increased tax efficiency
• Lower expense ratios
• Potential for higher returns
A REIT ETF may also offer a lower minimum investment than a REIT or real estate fund, which could make it suitable for beginning investors who are working with a smaller amount of capital.
But along with those advantages, investors should know about some of the potential drawbacks:
• ETF values may be sensitive to interest rate changes
• REIT ETFs may experience volatility related to property trends
• REIT ETFs may be subject to several other types of risk, such as management and liquidity risk more so than other types of ETFs.
As always, investors should consider the risks along with the potential advantages of any investment.
4. Real Estate Crowdfunding
Real estate crowdfunding platforms allow multiple investors to come together and pool funds to fund property investments. The minimum investment may be as low as $500, depending on which platform you’re using, and if you have enough cash to invest you could fund multiple projects.
Compared to REITs, REIT ETFs, or real estate funds, crowdfunding is less liquid since there’s usually a required minimum holding period you’re expected to commit to. That’s important to know if you’re not looking to tie up substantial amounts of money for several years.
You’ll also need to meet a platform’s requirements before you can invest. Some crowdfunding platforms only accept accredited investors. To be accredited, you must:
• Have a net worth over $1 million, excluding your primary residence, OR
• Have an income of $200,000 ($300,000 if married) for each of the prior two years, with the expectation of future income at the same level
You can also qualify as accredited if you hold a Series 7, Series 65, or Series 82 securities license.
5. Rental Properties
Buying a rental property can help you create a long-term stream of income if you’re able to keep tenants in the home. Some of the ways you could generate rental income with real estate include:
• Buying a second home and renting it out to long-term tenants
• Buying a vacation home and renting it to short-term or seasonal tenants
• Purchasing a multi-unit property, such as a duplex or triplex, and renting to multiple tenants
• Renting a room in your home
But recognize the risks or downsides associated with rental properties, too:
• Negative cash flow resulting from tenancy problems
• Problem tenants
• Lack of liquidity
• Maintenance costs and property taxes
Further, the biggest consideration with rental properties usually revolves around how you’re going to finance a property purchase. You might try for a conventional mortgage, an FHA loan if you’re buying a multifamily home and plan to live in one of the units, a home equity loan or HELOC if you own a primary residence, or seller financing.
Each one has different credit, income, and down payment requirements. Weighing the pros and cons of each one can help you decide which financing option might be best.
6. Fix and Flip Properties
With fix-and-flip investments, you buy a property to renovate and then resell it for (ideally) a large profit. Becoming a house flipper could be lucrative if you’re able to buy properties low, then sell high, but it does take some knowledge of the local market you plan to sell in.
You’ll also have to think about who’s going to handle the renovations. Doing them yourself means you don’t have to spend any money hiring contractors, but if you’re not experienced with home improvements you could end up making more work for yourself in the long run.
If you’re looking for a financing option, hard money loans are one possibility. These loans let you borrow enough to cover the purchase price of the home and your estimated improvements, and make interest-only payments. However, these loans typically have terms ranging from 9 to 18 months so you’ll need to be fairly certain you can sell the property within that time frame.
7. Invest in Your Own Home
If you own a home, you could treat it as an investment on its own. Making improvements to your property that raise its value, for example, could pay off later should you decide to sell it. You may also be able to claim a tax break for the interest you pay on your mortgage.
Don’t own a home yet? Understanding what you need to qualify for a mortgage is a good place to start. Once you’re financially ready to buy, you can take the next step and shop around for the best mortgage lenders.
How to Know If Investing in Real Estate Is a Good Idea for You
Is real estate investing right for everyone? Not necessarily, as every investor’s goals are different. Asking yourself these questions can help you determine where real estate might fit into your portfolio:
• How much money are you able and willing to invest in real estate?
• What is your main goal or reason for considering property investments?
• If you’re interested in rental properties, will you oversee their management yourself or hire a property management company? How much income would you need them to generate?
• If you’re considering a fix-and-flip, can you make the necessary commitment of time and sweat equity to get the property ready to list?
• How will you finance a rental or fix-and-flip if you’re thinking of pursuing either one?
• If you’re thinking of choosing REITs, real estate crowdfunding, or REIT ETFs, how long do you anticipate holding them in your portfolio?
• How much risk do you feel comfortable with, and what do you perceive as the biggest risks of real estate investing?
Talking to a financial advisor may be helpful if you’re wondering how real estate investments might affect your tax situation, or have a bigger goal in mind, like generating enough passive income from investments to retire early.
💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.
The Takeaway
Real estate investing is one of the most attractive alternative investments for portfolio diversification. While you might assume that property investing is only for the super-rich, it’s not as difficult to get started as you might think. Keep in mind that, depending on how much money you have to invest initially and the degree of risk you’re comfortable taking, you’re not just limited to one option when building out your portfolio with real estate.
Ready to expand your portfolio’s growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi’s easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it’s important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they’re right for you.
Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.
FAQ
How Can I Invest in Property With Little Money?
If you don’t have a lot of money to invest in property, you might consider real estate investment trusts or real estate ETFs for your first investments. REITs and ETFs can offer lower barriers to entry versus something like purchasing a rental property or a fix-and-flip property.
Is Real Estate Investing Worth It?
Real estate investing can be worth it if you’re able to generate steady cash flow and income, hedge against inflation, enjoy tax breaks, and/or earn above-average returns. Whether investing in real estate is worth it for you can depend on what your goals are, how much money you have to invest, and how much time you’re willing to commit to managing those investments.
Is Investing in Real Estate Better Than Stocks?
Real estate tends to have a low correlation with stocks, meaning that what happens in the stock market doesn’t necessarily affect what happens in the property markets. Investing in real estate can also be attractive for investors who are looking for a way to hedge against the effects of inflation over the long term.
Is Investing in Real Estate Safer Than Stocks?
Just like stocks, real estate investments carry risk meaning one isn’t necessarily safer than the other. Investing in both real estate and stocks can help you create a well-rounded portfolio, as the risk/reward profile for each one isn’t the same.
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Inside: Secure your financial future with insights into the top appreciating assets. Find the best appreciating assets and learn how to grow wealth with strategic investments.
Asset appreciation isn’t just an economic term; it’s the fuel that powers wealth creation. Think of appreciating assets as the golden geese, steadily laying valuable eggs that grow in size over time.
This is a crucial concept that triumphs and what you own can become the cornerstone of your financial success.
Asset appreciation isn’t just a buzzword; it’s the driving force behind significant wealth accumulation.
Whether you’re just starting or looking to expand your portfolio, understanding the role appreciation plays can mean the difference between mediocrity and staggering success.
Now, let’s dig in and help move your net worth higher.
What Are Appreciating Assets?
Appreciating assets are the golden geese of the investment world. They are the powerful engines that drive your net worth higher over time.
When you invest in assets like real estate, stocks, and even fine art, you’re placing a bet on their future value.
Unlike the car that loses value the moment you drive it off the lot, these assets typically gain worth, supernova-style, expanding your financial universe with every passing year.
How do assets appreciate in value?
Appreciation, at its core, is an asset’s journey from ‘worth X’ to ‘worth X and beyond’. But how does this magical wealth-building happen?
Several factors can give assets a financial boost.
For starters, the traditional law of supply and demand plays a huge role—if more people want it and there’s not enough to go around, the value goes up.
Toss in the influence of interest rates, economic growth, and geopolitical stability, and you have a mix that can push asset value into new echelons.
Even inflation can be a friend to assets, increasing their nominal value over time.
Remember, appreciation isn’t a given; it’s a hopeful trajectory bolstered by market forces and wise decision-making. You want to hop onto the appreciation train with assets that offer the promise of increasing in value, not just for now, but well into the future.
How to increase net worth with appreciating assets
Increasing your net worth with appreciating assets is like laying bricks for a financial fortress—it requires strategy, patience, and a mix of assets that have a history or strong potential for growth.
Start by assessing your current holdings and considering where you can diversify with assets that shine in appreciation prospects. It’s a game of balance, where you mix higher-risk, high-reward options with stable, gradual growers.
Make a habit of routinely re-evaluating your assets, keeping in mind economic trends and your personal goals. Sometimes, this may mean letting go of underperformers in favor of assets with brighter horizons.
Consider leveraging tax-advantaged accounts and investment strategies to maximize your wealth growth.
Most importantly, ensure liquidity so you can capitalize on new opportunities. Having liquid assets means you won’t miss out when the next big appreciating asset comes knocking.
Top 5 Appreciating Assets You Must Own
#1 – Stocks with High Growth Potential
Stocks are the daredevils of the investment world, particularly those brimming with high growth potential. They’re the kind that can catapult your net worth to the stratosphere if chosen wisely.
Tech giants like Nvidia, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and Meta are testament to this—their growth over the decades has turned modest investments into fortunes.
Investing in high-growth potential stocks is like spotting a gem in the rough – if you spot the right ones, your financial prospects could shine brightly. You must learn how to invest in stocks for beginners.
Personally, I cannot stress how important it is to learn how to invest in the stock market as I can attest this is how you quickly grow your net worth.
Best For: Investors with a higher risk tolerance who are aiming for greater returns or dividend stocks and have the patience to weather market fluctuations.
#2 – ETFs to Streamline Investments for Optimal Performance
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are the investment world’s multitaskers, pooling the potential of various assets for optimum performance. By offering a diversified portfolio within a single share, they allow investors to spread their risk while reaping the growth benefits of different markets and sectors.
ETFs provide an easy and efficient way to diversify investments, reducing risk while still offering growth opportunities. They’re especially game-changing for those who prefer a “set and forget” strategy, as many ETFs are designed to passively track indexes or sectors. Many track the S&P, so you can easily invest in the overall market.
They’re cost-effective, often having lower fees than traditional mutual funds, and are accessible to investors with varying levels of experience.
Best For: Both beginners and experienced investors looking for a blend of simplicity, cost efficiency, and diversification in their investment strategy.
#3 – Real Estate: A Staple in Appreciating Assets
Real estate has long stood as a bulwark in the investment community, a reliable appreciator that doubles as both a tangible asset and a potential home. It’s a market marked by stability and a historical uptrend in value, making it a classic choice for those seeking long-term wealth growth.
Owning property is synonymous with the very concept of asset growth, with the power to withstand economic ebbs and flows. Location continues to be the drumbeat to its rise in value – a prime spot can transform a simple parcel into a gold mine.
Plus it is a tangible asset that provides utility and can serve as a hedge against inflation.
Whether it’s through REITs, crowdfunding platforms like Fundrise, or direct ownership, real estate can anchor your investment strategy on solid ground.
Best For: Investors seeking a tangible asset with a dual aim of long-term capital appreciation and passive rental property income. Ideal for those ready to manage properties or hire management, and for those who can handle the responsibilities of ownership.
#4 – Your Own Business: Betting on Your Entrepreneurial Spirit
Your own business isn’t just a job, it’s a reflection of your passion and an opportunity to control your financial destiny. When successfully executed, a business can become one of the most valuable appreciating assets, offering unparalleled autonomy and potentially substantial economic rewards.
Starting a business can lead to exponential wealth growth as the company expands and becomes profitable.
Your business’s value can significantly increase over time, making it a formidable asset in your net worth.
Owning a business is not just about the profits; it’s a journey of personal growth, resilience, and the triumph of turning passion into paychecks. It’s a path that can lead to great wealth, especially when one approaches it with clear strategy and unquenchable enthusiasm.
Best For: Individuals with entrepreneurial spirit, a viable business idea, and the readiness to invest time and capital into a long-term venture. Suitable for those who are tenacious and willing to face the challenges of entrepreneurship head-on.
#5- Self-Investment: The Ultimate Asset with Infinite Returns
Investing in yourself is like planting a seed that grows into a sturdy, towering tree, sheltering your financial future.
This investment can unlock doors to better opportunities, higher incomes, and greater job satisfaction. Whether it’s through education, health, or personal development, the returns on self-investment can be limitless.
Personal development often correlates with higher levels of personal and financial success.
Remember, when you invest in yourself, you become capable of crafting a life that not only brings in wealth but also contentment and a deeper sense of success.
Best For: Any individual seeking to enhance their career trajectory, entrepreneurship potential, or personal satisfaction. This approach is ideal for those who are committed to lifelong learning and self-improvement.
Other Examples of Appreciating Assets You Can Own
The Role of Bonds in a Diverse Securities
Bonds, those steadfast soldiers of the investment world, offer a buffer of safety amid the high-flying volatility of other assets. In a diversified portfolio, bonds contribute stability and predictable income, making them an essential element for many investor’s strategies.
They provide a fixed income stream with less volatility than stocks, acting as a cushion in economic downturns.
Bonds can offer a balance in investment holdings, mitigating risk and providing steady returns. Just make sure the returns are higher than an interest-bearing money market account.
Best For: Investors seeking to balance their portfolio with a lower-risk asset or those nearing retirement who prioritize income and stability over high growth.
Cryptocurrencies: The Digital Gold of Tomorrow?
Cryptocurrencies have emerged as the mavericks of appreciating assets, offering a wild ride with the allure of high-stakes jackpot payouts. As the “digital gold” of the modern era, they encapsulate the spirit of decentralization and technological innovation.
While their volatility can stir up investor heartbeats, their dramatic price appreciation stories make them impossible to ignore for those seeking the thrill of potentially explosive gains.
Even as the cryptocurrency markets continue to ebb and flow, they offer a unique proposition in wealth growth strategies—a high-risk, high-reward horizon that has many gazing toward the future with wallets in hand.
Best For: Tech-savvy investors with a high risk tolerance, seeking to diversify with a modern asset class that has considerable growth potential.
Fine Art and Collectibles: Value Beyond Beauty
Fine art and collectibles are not just a feast for the eyes; they’re also a banquet for your investment portfolio.
These assets bring value that transcends their aesthetic appeal, becoming cherished as cultural treasures and financial boons alike. With the intrinsic charm of rarity and historical significance, art pieces and collectibles can appreciate substantially over time, especially when curated with an expert eye.
For instance, this rare portrait of George Washington is expected to fetch $2.5 million at an upcoming auction.1
Best For: Connoisseurs with a passion for the arts or history, and investors looking for long-term, value-holding assets that also serve as cultural and personal investments. Ideal for those with substantial capital ready to navigate the less liquid markets.
Precious Metals: Why Gold and Silver Remain Attractive
Gold and silver aren’t just the treasures of lore—they’re enduring staples for those looking to fortify their wealth. Their allure lies in their history, intrinsic value, and the stability they can provide when economic tides turn tumultuous. Gold and silver are known for their resilience during economic downturns and inflationary periods. As such, learn how to invest in precious metals.
They are tangible, finite resources with universal value, often resulting in consistent demand.
Best For: Investors looking to hedge risks or seeking a stable store of wealth.
Prospects of Private Equity in Upcoming Markets
Private Equity (PE) forms the backbone for the next wave of market disruptors and innovators. Investing in private companies, especially in emerging markets, can yield substantial capital appreciation as these businesses grow and mature, sometimes well before they hit the public sphere.
This has significant potential for appreciation as companies scale up their operations and increase their market footprint.
Best For: Sophisticated investors with a high-risk tolerance and a long investment horizon. They typically have a significant amount of capital to invest and are looking for opportunities outside of public markets to achieve potential high returns.
Venture Capital’s Role in Shaping Future Wealth
Venture Capital (VC) is the financial catalyst that turns innovative startups into tomorrow’s industry leaders. By injecting capital into early-stage companies, VC not only generates the potential for staggering returns but also plays a critical role in shaping future markets and consumer trends.
It plays a critical role in shaping the business landscape of tomorrow by investing in innovation today. With its penchant for high-risk ventures, VC remains an appealing asset class for those with a futuristic vision who are keen to be part of the next big thing.
Venture capital isn’t merely about capital gains; it’s an embrace of progress, a stake in the evolution of industries, and a partnership with the brightest minds of a generation.
Best For: Investors who have a deep understanding of emerging markets and technologies, a high-risk tolerance, and the patience for long-term investment. Also ideal for those who wish to actively participate in the entrepreneurial process and impact the future direction of new businesses.
The Thriving Market for Vintage Automotive Collectibles
Vintage automotive collectibles are revving up the collectibles market with a roar.
Car enthusiasts and investors alike recognize that certain classic models don’t just retain their charm; they accelerate in value over time. The emotional connection, the engineering legacy, and the nostalgia factor turn these vehicles into appreciating assets with a personal touch.
Plus they offer a tangible investment that can be appreciated both visually and through the driving experience.
Best For: Auto enthusiasts who appreciate the craftsmanship of vintage models and are prepared for the hands-on involvement required. Most may see them as a collectible rather than an investment.
Sports Memorabilia as Lucrative Investments
Sports memorabilia takes you on a trip down memory lane, connecting you to pivotal moments and legends of the past. This nostalgia mixed with exclusivity propels their value, making them sought-after assets in the realm of investing.
The emotional and sentimental value tied to sports icons and historical moments can drive considerable investment interest and demand.
Best For: Sports fans who want to combine their passion with investment potential and like to show off their memorabilia.
Land: The Original Real Estate Investment
Land is the progenitor of all real estate investments, offering a blank canvas for potential development or holding value as a scarce resource. With an appeal that has stood the test of time, land remains one of the most fundamental appreciating assets in the investment portfolio.
It is a finite resource; they’re not making any more of it, so demand can only go up as supply remains constant.
Increases in development, population growth, and changes in land zoning can significantly enhance land value over time.
Best For: Investors seeking to hedge against inflation and looking at long-term growth prospects. Land is best for those who have the capital to invest without the need for immediate returns and can wait for the right opportunity to maximize their profits.
Commodities: A Staple in Diverse Investment Portfolios
Commodities offer a slice of the global economic pie, essential for their role in everyday life—from the grain in your breakfast cereal to the petroleum powering your car. As tangible assets, commodities can provide a buffer against inflation and diversify investment portfolios. A similar case could be made for trading currencies.
Commodities, including metals, energy, and agricultural products, often increase in value with inflation and global demand. They provide an investment route less correlated with the stock market, adding portfolio diversification.
Best For: Diversification seekers and those comfortable dealing with market fluctuations who understand global economic trends. Ideal for investors who wish to hedge against inflation and have an interest in tangible or sector-specific assets.
Navigating the High-Yield Savings Landscape
High-yield savings accounts have emerged as essential vehicles for preserving and modestly growing wealth.
In 2022-2024, with interest rates eclipsing their traditional counterparts, these accounts are more relevant than ever for savvy savers seeking to keep pace with inflation. They provide a safe haven for emergency funds or short-term financial goals while offering better returns than a typical savings account.
They provide a low-risk option to grow savings with the added convenience of liquidity. Just like certificates of deposit or CDs.
Best For: Individuals aiming for a secure, accessible place to save money with a better yield than traditional banking products. Especially well-suited for those starting to build their emergency funds or setting aside cash for near-term expenses.
Peer-to-Peer Lending – A Trend to Watch for Asset Growth
Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending shakes up traditional banking by directly connecting borrowers with investors through online platforms. This asset class is gaining traction, providing a novel way to potentially generate higher returns compared to traditional fixed-income investments.
P2P lending platforms offer higher returns on investment over standard savings, as you’re effectively acting as the bank.
It’s a cutting-edge way to diversify your investment portfolio beyond traditional stocks and bonds.
Best For: Investors looking for alternative income streams and who are comfortable with the risk associated with lending money.
Intellectual Property and Patents: An Overlooked Avenue for Wealth Creation
Owning the rights to an invention or unique creation can lead to a wealth of opportunities, with patents often being a gold mine for inventors and savvy investors alike.
Patents, in particular, hold the promise of a decade-long fruitful life, offering the potential for significant monetary returns through licensing or sales.
Best For: Inventors, entrepreneurs, and investors who are versed in industries where innovations are rapidly commercialized. It’s well-suited for those able to navigate the intricacies of patent law and capable of investing in the enforcement and marketing of their IP.
Alternative Investments: Unique Opportunities for Accredited Investors
Accredited investors have the advantage of accessing a broader range of alternative investments that may not be available to the general public, offering potentially higher returns and portfolio diversification. These can include private equity, hedge funds, and exclusive real estate deals.
It’s crucial, however, for accredited investors to conduct thorough due diligence and assess their risk tolerance when allocating a portion of their portfolio to these alternative assets.
Best For: Seasoned investors looking for diversification and higher risk-reward ratios and qualify as an accredited investor.
Luxury Goods: When Opulence Equals Investment
Luxury goods are not only symbols of status and opulence but can also solidify your investment game. High-end watches, designer handbags, and exclusive jewelry collections often see their value climb, defying the usual wear-and-tear depreciation.
They resonate with collectors and enthusiasts, transforming personal indulgence into a viable investment strategy.
Best For: Investors with a penchant for the finer things in life and enthusiasts looking to blend personal enjoyment with financial gain.
Secrets of the Antique Trade: Seeking Out Hidden
The antique trade is akin to a treasure hunt, where seasoned savvy meets the thrill of discovery. Unearthing hidden gems within flea markets, estate sales, and auction houses not only provides a historical connection but can also reveal investment diamonds in the rough.
Antiques carry the potential for significant bottom line appreciation due to factors like rarity, provenance, and desirability among collectors.
Like finding this antiquated nautical map at an estate sale and now listed for $7.5 million. 2
Best For: Collectors with a passion for history and an eye for value.
What If You Have A Depreciative Asset?
If you’re holding onto a depreciative asset, it’s like grasping a melting ice cube: time can whittle away its value.
Consider selling to repurpose the capital into something that appreciates, upgrading to a more efficient model, or simply using it fully before its value dips too low. Each depreciative asset requires a tailored strategy, balancing between cutting losses and extracting maximum utility.
It’s a strategic financial dance — knowing when to hold on and when to let go of depreciative assets can ensure they serve your bottom line more than they hurt it.
FAQs
Appreciating assets are financial powerhouses that grow your wealth over time. They combat inflation and can provide additional income streams.
By increasing in value, they enhance your net worth, creating a more robust financial foundation for your future endeavors.
Appreciating assets are typically categorized based on their nature and the way they generate value. Common categories include tangible assets like real estate and collectibles, financial assets like stocks and bonds, and intangible assets like patents and copyrights.
The assets that don’t often depreciate include real estate, precious metals like gold and silver, and certain collectibles such as fine art or vintage cars. These assets maintain value or appreciate over time, resistant to the typical wear and tear or technological obsolescence that affects other assets.
Which Asset that Has Appreciation in Value Interests You
In conclusion, adding appreciating assets to your portfolio is a strategic move towards achieving financial security and building long-term wealth.
These assets combat inflation by potentially increasing in value over time, providing an opportunity to earn returns that exceed the average inflation rate.
However, these assets are not considered to be part of your liquid net worth. With all appreciating assets, you must consider the potential taxes on your various investments.
To facilitate this wealth-building strategy, it’s vital to practice saving diligently—consider automating your savings, cutting unnecessary expenses, and increasing income streams. By consistently setting aside funds, you can gradually invest in diverse appreciating assets such as stocks, real estate, or retirement accounts.
This is how you start forming a life consistent with financial freedom.
Source
Barrons. “Rare Portrait of George Washington Could Fetch $2.5 Million at Auction.” https://www.barrons.com/articles/rare-portrait-of-george-washington-could-fetch-2-5-million-at-auction-e2f19134. Accessed February 20, 2024.
Los Angeles Times. “A $7.5-million find: Overlooked Getty estate sale map turns out to be 14th century treasure.” https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-10-25/map-dealer-discovers-14th-century-portolan-chart-getty-estate-sale. Accessed February 20, 2024.
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The VA home loan: Unbeatable benefits for veterans
For many who qualify, VA home loans are some of the best mortgages available.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA loans are designed to help active-duty military personnel, veterans and certain other groups become homeowners at an affordable cost.
The VA loan asks for no down payment, requires no mortgage insurance, and has lenient rules about qualifying, among many other advantages.
Here’s everything you need to know about qualifying for and using a VA loan.
In this article (Skip to…)
Top 10 VA loan benefits
1. No down payment on a VA loan
Most home loan programs require you to make at least a small down payment to buy a home. The VA home loan is an exception.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Rather than paying 5%, 10%, 20% or more of the home’s purchase price upfront in cash, with a VA loan you can finance up to 100% of the purchase price.
The VA loan is a true no-money-down home mortgage opportunity.
2. No mortgage insurance for VA loans
Typically, lenders require you to pay for mortgage insurance if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%.
This insurance — which is known as private mortgage insurance (PMI) for a conventional loan and a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) for an FHA loan — would protect the lender if you defaulted on your loan.
VA loans require neither a down payment nor mortgage insurance. That makes a VA-backed mortgage very affordable upfront and over time.
3. VA loans have a government guarantee
There’s a reason why the VA loan comes with such favorable terms.
The federal government guarantees these loans — meaning a portion of the loan amount will be repaid to the lender even if you’re unable to make monthly payments for whatever reason.
This guarantee encourages and enables private lenders to offer VA loans with exceptionally attractive terms.
4. You can shop for the best VA loan rates
VA loans are neither originated nor funded by the VA. They are not direct loans from the government. Furthermore, mortgage rates for VA loans are not set by the VA itself.
Instead, VA loans are offered by U.S. banks, savings-and-loans institutions, credit unions, and mortgage lenders — each of which sets its own VA loan rates and fees.
This means you can shop around and compare loan offers and still choose the VA loan that works best for your budget.
5. VA loans don’t allow a prepayment penalty
A VA loan won’t restrict your right to sell the property partway through your loan term.
There’s no prepayment penalty or early-exit fee no matter within what time frame you decide to sell your home.
Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding a refinance of your VA loan.
You can refinance your existing VA loan into another VA loan via the agency’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL) program, or switch into a non-VA loan at any time.
6. VA mortgages come in many varieties
A VA loan can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. In addition, you can use a VA loan to buy a house, condo, new-built home, manufactured home, duplex, or other types of properties.
Or, it can be used for refinancing your existing mortgage, making repairs or improvements to your home, or making your home more energy-efficient.
The choice is yours. A VA-approved lender can help you decide.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
7. It’s easier to qualify for VA loans
Like all mortgage types, VA loans require specific documentation, an acceptable credit history, and sufficient income to make your monthly payments.
But, compared to other loan programs, VA loan guidelines tend to be more flexible. This is made possible because of the VA loan guarantee.
The Department of Veterans Affairs genuinely wants to make the loan process easier for military members, veterans, and qualifying military spouses to buy or refinance a home.
8. VA loan closing costs are lower
The VA limits the closing costs lenders can charge to VA loan applicants. This is another way that a VA loan can be more affordable than other types of loans.
Money saved on closing costs can be used for furniture, moving costs, home improvements, or anything else.
9. The VA offers funding fee flexibility
VA loans require a “funding fee,” an upfront cost based on your loan amount, your type of eligible service, your down payment size, and other factors.
Funding fees don’t need to be paid in cash, though. The VA allows the fee to be financed with the loan, so nothing is due at closing.
And, not all VA borrowers will pay it. VA funding fees are normally waived for veterans who receive VA disability compensation and for unmarried surviving spouses of veterans who died in service or as a result of a service-connected disability.
10. VA loans are assumable
Most VA loans are “assumable,” which means you can transfer your VA loan to a future home buyer if that person is also VA-eligible.
Assumable loans can be a huge benefit when you sell your home — especially in a rising mortgage rate environment.
If your home loan has today’s low rate and market rates rise in the future, the assumption features of your VA become even more valuable.
VA loan rates
The VA loan is viewed as one of the lowest-risk mortgage types available on the market.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
This safety allows banks to lend to veteran borrowers at lower interest rates.
Today’s VA loan rates*
Loan Type
Current Mortgage Rate
VA 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
VA 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
*Current rates provided daily by partners of the Mortgage Reports. See our loan assumptions here.
VA rates are more than 25 basis points (0.25%) lower than conventional rates on average, according to data collected by mortgage software company Ellie Mae.
Most loan programs require higher down payment and credit scores than the VA home loan. In the open market, a VA loan should carry a higher rate due to more lenient lending guidelines and higher perceived risk.
Yet the result of the Veterans Affairs efforts to keep veterans in their homes means lower risk for banks and lower borrowing costs for eligible veterans.
VA mortgage calculator
Eligibility
Am I eligible for a VA home loan?
Contrary to popular belief, VA loans are available not only to veterans, but also to other classes of military members.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
The list of eligible VA borrowers includes:
Active-duty service members
Members of the National Guard
Reservists
Surviving spouses of veterans
Cadets at the U.S. Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academy
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy
Officers at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
A minimum term of service is typically required.
Minimum service required for a VA mortgage
VA home loans are available to active-duty service members, veterans (unless dishonorably discharged), and in some cases, surviving family members.
To be eligible, you need to meet one of these service requirements:
You’ve served 181 days of active duty during peacetime
You’ve served 90 days of active duty during wartime
You’ve served six years in the Reserves or National Guard
Your spouse was killed in the line of duty and you have not remarried
Your eligibility for the VA home loan program never expires.
Veterans who earned their VA entitlement long ago are still using their benefit to buy homes.
The VA loan Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
What is a COE?
In order to show a mortgage company you are VA-eligible, you’ll need a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Your lender can acquire one for you online, usually in a matter of seconds.
Verify your VA home loan eligibility. Start here
How to get your COE (Certificate of Eligibility)
Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is very easy in most cases. Simply have your lender order the COE through the VA’s automated system. Any VA-approved lender can do this.
Alternatively, you can order your certificate yourself through the VA benefits portal.
If the online system is unable to issue your COE, you’ll need to provide your DD-214 form to your lender or the VA.
Does a COE mean you are guaranteed a VA loan?
No, having a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) doesn’t guarantee a VA loan approval.
Your COE shows the lender you’re eligible for a VA loan, but no one is guaranteed VA loan approval.
You must still qualify for the loan based on VA mortgage guidelines. The guarantee part of the VA loan refers to the VA’s promise to the lender of repayment if the borrower defaults.
Qualifying for a VA mortgage
VA loan eligibility vs. qualification
Being eligible for VA home loan benefits based on your military status or affiliation doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll qualify for a VA loan.
You still have to qualify for a VA mortgage based on your credit, debt, and income.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA has established no minimum credit score for a VA mortgage.
However, many VA mortgage lenders require minimum FICO scores of 620 or higher — so apply with many lenders if your credit score might be an issue.
Even VA lenders that allow lower credit scores don’t accept subprime credit.
VA underwriting guidelines state that applicants must have paid their obligations on time for at least the most recent 12 months to be considered satisfactory credit risks.
In addition, the VA usually requires a two-year waiting period following a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or foreclosure before it will insure a loan.
Borrowers in Chapter 13 must have made at least 12 on-time payments and secure the approval of the bankruptcy court.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
VA loan debt-to-income ratios
The relationship of your debts and your income is called your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI.
VA underwriters divide your monthly debts (car payments, credit cards, and other accounts, plus your proposed housing expense) by your gross (before-tax) income to come up with your debt-to-income ratio.
For instance:
If your gross income is $4,000 per month
And your total monthly debt is $1,500 (including the new mortgage, property taxes and homeowners insurance, plus other debt payments)
Then your DTI is 37.5% (1500/4000=0.375)
A DTI over 41% means the lender has to apply additional formulas to see if you qualify under residual income guidelines.
VA residual income rules
VA underwriters perform additional calculations that can affect your mortgage approval.
Factoring in your estimated monthly utilities, your estimated taxes on income, and the area of the country in which you live, the VA arrives at a figure which represents your “true” costs of living.
It then subtracts that figure from your income to find your residual income (e.g. your money “left over” each month).
Think of the residual income calculation as a real-world simulation of your living expenses.
It is the VA’s best effort to ensure that military families have a stress-free homeownership experience.
Here is an example of how residual income works, assuming a family of four which is purchasing a 2,000 square-foot home on a $5,000 monthly income.
Future house payment, plus other debt payments: $2,500
Monthly estimated income taxes: $1,000
Monthly estimated utilities at $0.14 per square foot: $280
This leaves a residual income calculation of $1,220.
Now, compare that residual income to for a family of four:
Northeast Region: $1,025
Midwest Region: $1,003
South Region: $1,003
West Region: $1,117
The borrower in our example exceeds VA’s residual income standards in all parts of the country.
Therefore, despite the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio of 50%, the borrower could get approved for a VA loan.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Qualifying for a VA loan with part-time income
You can qualify for this type of financing even if you have a part-time job or multiple jobs.
You must show a 2-year history of making consistent part-time income, and stability in the number of hours worked. The lender will make sure any income received appears stable. See our complete guide to getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed or work part-time.
VA funding fees and loan limits
About the VA funding fee
The VA charges an upfront fee to defray the costs of the program and make it sustainable for the future.
Veterans pay a lump sum that varies depending on the loan purpose and down payment amount.
The fee is normally wrapped into the loan. It does not add to the cash needed to close the loan.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
VA home purchase funding fees
Type of Military Service
Down Payment
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Use
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
None
2.3%
3.6%
5% or more
1.65%
1.65%
10% or more
1.4%
1.4%
VA cash-out refinance funding fees
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
2.3%
3.6%
VA streamline refinances (IRRRL) & assumptions
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
0.5%
0.5%
Manufactured home loans not permanently affixed
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
1.0%
1.0%
VA loan limits in 2024
VA loan limits have been repealed, thanks to the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019.
There is no maximum amount for which a home buyer can receive a VA loan, at least as far as the VA is concerned.
However, private lenders may set their own limits. So check with your lender if you are looking for a VA loan above local conforming loan limits.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Eligible property types
Houses you can buy with a VA loan
VA mortgages are flexible about what types of property you can and can’t purchase. A VA loan can be used to buy a:
Detached house
Condo
New-built home
Manufactured home
Duplex, triplex or four-unit property
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
You can also use a VA mortgage to refinance an existing loan for any of those types of properties.
VA loans and second homes
Federal regulations limit loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs to “primary residences” only.
However, “primary residence” is defined as the home in which you live “most of the year.”
Therefore, if you own an out-of-state residence in which you live for more than six months of the year, this other home, whether it’s your vacation home or retirement property, becomes your official “primary residence.”
For this reason, VA loans are popular among aging military borrowers.
Buying a multi-unit home with a VA loan
VA loans allow you to buy a duplex, triplex, or four-plex with 100% financing. You must live in one of the units.
Buying a home with more than one unit can be challenging.
Mortgage lenders consider these properties riskier to finance than traditional, single-family residences, so you’ll need to be a stronger borrower.
VA underwriters must make sure you will have enough emergency savings, or cash reserves, after closing on your house. That’s to ensure you’ll have money to pay your mortgage even if a tenant fails to pay rent or moves out.
The minimum cash reserves needed after closing is six months of mortgage payments (covering principal, interest, taxes, and insurance – PITI).
Your lender will also want to know about previous landlord experience you’ve had, or any experience with property maintenance or renting.
If you don’t have any, you may be able to sidestep that issue by hiring a property management company. But that’s up to the individual lender.
Your lender will look at the income (or potential income) of the rental units, using either existing rental agreements or an appraiser’s opinion of what the units should fetch.
They’ll usually take 75% of that amount to offset your mortgage payment when calculating your monthly expenses.
VA loans and rental properties
You cannot use a VA loan to buy a rental property. You can, however, use a VA loan to refinance an existing rental home you once occupied as a primary home.
For home purchases, in order to obtain a VA loan, you must certify that you intend to occupy the home as your principal residence.
If the property is a duplex, triplex, or four-unit apartment building, you must occupy one of the units yourself. Then you can rent out the other units.
The exception to this rule is the VA’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL).
This loan, also known as the VA Streamline Refinance, can be used for refinancing an existing VA loan on a home where you currently live or where you used to live, but no longer do.
Check your VA IRRRL eligibility. Start here
Buying a condo with a VA loan
The VA maintains a list of approved condo projects within which you may purchase a unit with a VA loan.
At VA’s website, you can search for the thousands of approved condominium complexes across the U.S.
If you are VA-eligible and in the market for a condo, make sure the unit you’re interested in is approved.
As a buyer, you are probably not able to get the complex VA-approved. That’s up to the management company or homeowner’s association.
If a condo you like is not approved, you must use other financing like an FHA or conventional loan or find another property.
Note that the condo must meet FHA or conventional guidelines if you want to use those types of financing.
Veteran mortgage relief with the VA loan
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, provides home retention assistance. The VA intervenes when a veteran is having trouble making home loan payments.
The VA works with loan servicers to offer loan options to the veteran, other than foreclosure.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
In fiscal year 2019, the VA made over 400,000 contact actions to reach borrowers and loan servicers. The intent was to work out a mutually agreeable repayment option for both parties.
More than 100,000 veteran homeowners avoided foreclosure in 2019 alone thanks to this effort.
The initiative has saved the taxpayer an estimated $2.6 billion. More importantly, vast numbers of veterans and military families got another chance at homeownership.
When NOT to use a VA loan
If you have good credit and 20% down
A primary advantage to VA home loans is the lack of mortgage insurance.
However, the VA guarantee does not come free of charge. Borrowers pay an upfront funding fee, which they usually choose to add to their loan amount.
The fee ranges from 1.4% to 3.6%, depending on the down payment percentage and whether the home buyer has previously used his or her VA mortgage eligibility. The most common fee is 2.3%.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
On a $200,000 purchase, a 2.3% fee equals $4,600.
However, buyers who choose a conventional mortgage and put 20% down get to avoid mortgage insurance and the upfront fee. For these military home buyers, the VA funding fee might be an unnecessary expense.
The exception: Mortgage applicants whose credit rating or income meets VA guidelines but not those of conventional mortgages may still opt for VA.
If you’re on the “CAIVRS” list
To qualify for a VA loan, you must prove you have made good on previous government-backed debts and that you have paid taxes.
The Credit Alert Verification Reporting System, or “CAIVRS,” is a database of consumers who have defaulted on government obligations. These individuals are not eligible for the VA home loan program.
If you have a non-veteran co-borrower
Veterans often apply to buy a home with a non-veteran who is not their spouse.
This is okay. However, it might not be their best choice.
As the veteran, your income must cover your half of the loan payment. The non-veteran’s income cannot be used to compensate for the veteran’s insufficient income.
Plus, when a non-veteran owns half the loan, the VA guarantees only half that amount. The lender will require a 12.5% down payment for the non-guaranteed portion.
The Conventional 97 mortgage, on the other hand, allows down payments as low as 3%.
Another low-down-payment mortgage option is the FHA home loan, for which 3.5% down is acceptable.
The USDA home loan also requires zero down payment and offers similar rates to VA loans. However, the property must be within USDA-eligible areas.
If you plan to borrow with a non-veteran, one of these loan types might be your better choice.
Explore your mortgage options. Start here
If you apply with a credit-challenged spouse
In states with community property laws, VA lenders must consider the credit rating and financial obligations of your spouse. This rule applies even if he or she will not be on the home’s title or even on the mortgage.
Such states are as follows.
Arizona
California
Idaho
Louisiana
Nevada
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
A spouse with less-than-perfect credit or who owes alimony, child support, or other maintenance can make your VA approval more challenging.
Apply for a conventional loan if you qualify for the mortgage by yourself. The spouse’s financial history and status need not be considered if he or she is not on the loan application.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
If you want to buy a vacation home or investment property
The purpose of VA financing is to help veterans and active-duty service members buy and live in their own home. This loan is not meant to build real estate portfolios.
These loans are for primary residences only, so if you want a ski cabin or rental, you’ll have to get a conventional loan.
If you want to purchase a high-end home
Starting January 2020, there are no limits to the size of mortgage a lender can approve.
However, lenders may establish their own limits for VA loans, so check with your lender before applying for a large VA loan.
Spouses and the VA mortgage program
What spouses are eligible for a VA loan?
What if the service member passes away before he or she uses the benefit? Eligibility passes to an unremarried spouse, in many cases.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
For the surviving spouse to be eligible, the deceased service member must have:
Died in the line of duty
Passed away as a result of a service-connected disability
Been missing in action, or a prisoner of war, for at least 90 days
Been a totally disabled veteran for at least 10 years prior to death, and died from any cause
Also eligible are remarried spouses who married after the age of 57, on or after December 16, 2003.
In these cases, the surviving spouse can use VA loan eligibility to buy a home with zero down payment, just as the veteran would have.
VA loan benefits for surviving spouses
Surviving spouses have an additional VA loan benefit, however. They are exempt from the VA funding fee. As a result, their loan balance and monthly payment will be lower.
Surviving spouses are also eligible for a VA streamline refinance when they meet the following guidelines.
The surviving spouse was married to the veteran at the time of death
The surviving spouse was on the original VA loan
VA streamline refinancing is typically not available when the deceased veteran was the only applicant on the original VA loan, even if he or she got married after buying the home.
In this case, the surviving spouse would need to qualify for a non-VA refinance, or a VA cash-out loan.
A cash-out mortgage through VA requires the military spouse to meet home purchase eligibility requirements.
If this is the case, the surviving spouse can tap into the home’s equity to raise cash for any purpose, or even pay off an FHA or conventional loan to eliminate mortgage insurance.
Qualifying if you receive (or pay) child support or alimony
Buying a home after a divorce is no easy task.
If, prior to your divorce, you lived in a two-income household, you now have less spending power and a reduced monthly income for purposes of your VA home loan application.
With less income, it can be harder to meet both the VA Home Loan Guaranty’s debt-to-income (DTI) guidelines and the VA residual income requirement for your area.
Receiving alimony or child support can counteract a loss of income.
Mortgage lenders will not require you to provide information about your divorce agreement’s alimony or child support terms, but if you’re willing to disclose, it can count toward qualifying for a home loan.
Different VA-approved lenders will treat alimony and child support income differently.
Typically, you will be asked to provide a copy of your divorce settlement or other court paperwork to support the alimony and child support payments.
Lenders will then want to see that the payments are stable, reliable, and likely to continue for another 36 months, at least.
You may also be asked to show proof that alimony and child support payments have been made in the past reliably, so that the lender may use the income as part of your VA loan application.
If you are the payor of alimony and child support payments, your debt-to-income ratio can be harmed.
Not only might you be losing the second income of your dual-income households, but you’re making additional payments that count against your outflows.
VA mortgage lenders make careful calculations with respect to such payments.
You can still get approved for a VA loan while making such payments — it’s just more difficult to show sufficient monthly income.
VA loan assumption
What is VA loan assumption?
One benefit for home buyers is that VA loans are assumable. When you assume a mortgage loan, you take over the current homeowner’s monthly payment.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
That could be a big advantage if mortgage rates have risen since the original owner purchased the home. The buyer would be able to acquire a low-rate, affordable loan — and it could make it easier for the seller to find a willing buyer in a tough market.
VA loan assumption savings
Buying a home via an assumable mortgage loan is even more appealing when interest rates are on the rise.
For example:
Say a seller-financed $200,000 for their home in 2013 at an interest rate of 3.25% on a 30-year fixed loan
Using this scenario, their principal and interest payment would be $898 per month
Let’s assume current 30-year fixed rates averaged 4.10%
If you financed $200,000 at 4.10% for a 30-year loan term, your monthly principal and interest payment would be $966 per month
Additionally, because the seller has already paid four years into the loan term, they’ve already paid nearly $25,000 in interest on the loan.
By assuming the loan, you would save $34,560 over the 30-year loan due to the difference in interest rates. You would also save roughly $25,000 thanks to the interest already paid by the sellers.
That comes out to a total savings of almost $60,000!
How to assume (take on) a VA loan
There are currently two ways to assume a VA loan.
The new buyer is a qualified veteran who “substitutes” his or her VA eligibility for the eligibility of the seller
The new home buyer qualifies through VA standards for the mortgage payment. This is the safest method for the seller as it allows the loan to be assumed knowing that the new buyer is responsible for the loan, and the seller is no longer responsible for the loan
The lender and/or the VA needs to approve a loan assumption.
Loans serviced by a lender with automatic authority may process assumptions without sending them to a VA Regional Loan Center.
For lenders without automatic authority, the loan must be sent to the appropriate VA Regional Loan Center for approval. This loan process will typically take several weeks.
When VA loans are assumed, it’s the servicer’s responsibility to make sure the homeowner who assumes the property meets both VA and lender requirements.
VA loan assumption requirements
For a VA mortgage assumption to take place, the following conditions must be met:
The existing loan must be current. If not, any past due amounts must be paid at or before closing
The buyer must qualify based on VA credit and income standards
The buyer must assume all mortgage obligations, including repayment to the VA if the loan goes into default
The original owner or new owner must pay a funding fee of 0.5% of the existing principal loan balance
A processing fee must be paid in advance, including a reasonable estimate for the cost of the credit report
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
Finding assumable VA loans
There are several ways for home buyers to find an assumable VA loan.
Believe it or not, print media is still alive and well. Some home sellers advertise their assumable home for sale in the newspaper, or in a local real estate publication.
There are a number of online resources for finding assumable mortgage loans.
Websites like TakeList.com and Zumption.com give homeowners a way to showcase their properties to home buyers looking to assume a loan.
With the help of the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), real estate agents remain a great resource for home buyers.
This applies to home buyers specifically searching for assumable VA loans as well.
How do I apply for a VA loan?
You can easily and quickly have a lender pull your certificate of eligibility (COE) to make sure you’re able to get a VA loan.
Most mortgage lenders offer VA home loans. So you’re free to shop and compare rates with just about any company that catches your eye.
Getting a VA loan for your new home is similar in many ways to securing any other purchase loan. Once you find an ideal home in your price range, you make a purchase offer, and then undergo VA appraisal and underwriting.
VA appraisal ensures that the home meets its minimum property requirements (MPRs) and is structurally sound and safe for occupancy.
What’s more, VA-specific mortgage lenders are actually some of the highest-rated (and lowest-priced) on the market. Here are a few we’d recommend checking out.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Getting money to start in real estate investing is the biggest hurdle for people. Traditional lenders have stringent requirements, making it hard for people just getting started and hard for people looking to take their real estate investing to the next level.
This is where private money, an alternative to traditional financing, comes in. In this article, I’ll cover what you need to know.
Private money has been a key piece of my strategy. I would not have built my real estate business without it.
Table of Contents
Understanding Private Money
Private money refers to loans sourced from individuals or non-traditional institutions rather than conventional banks. These people invest their own capital directly in your project, secured by the property itself.
Said another way, private money usually means borrowing from a person who is looking to earn interest on their cash. For taking a risk on you and your project, they get some form of recourse, which may include getting the title to your property if you don’t pay the loan back according to the terms of the agreement.
Here’s what real estate investors get with private money:
Faster closing times: No red tape, which expedites deal execution.
Flexible criteria: Less rigid evaluation and underwriting, catering to scenarios banks might reject.
Private money loans are different than hard money loans. You can read about Hard Money here.
Want to make a lot of money? Learn about money with my Money Mastery course.
Key Points to Remember
Higher interest rates: Compared to traditional loans, expect rates ranging from 8% to 15% or higher.
Shorter loan terms: Private money is typically short-term financing, lasting 6-24 months.
Due diligence is crucial: Verify the lender’s credentials, experience, and track record thoroughly.
Legal agreements are everything: It’s best to have a lawyer draft a comprehensive loan agreement outlining terms, rights, and responsibilities. If there is a dispute, it’ll come down to the terms of the agreement. A lot can be on the line in these deals, so ensure you understand the agreement in full.
Just starting out? See my post The Best Way To Invest In Real Estate.
Pros of Private Money
Private money is one of the best options to start your real estate investing and to scale it.
It can also help kickstart the BRRRR method to rapidly expand your real estate holding. Here’s my article on How to Use the BRRRR Method, including using private money.
Access to capital: Secure funding even with imperfect credit or unconventional projects.
Speed and agility: Move quickly on time-sensitive deals and capitalize on fleeting opportunities.
Direct relationship: Build rapport with the lender, potentially fostering future collaborations.
Cons of Private Money
High costs: Interest rates and origination fees can significantly impact your profit margins.
Short timelines: Pressure to exit the investment quickly for repayment can limit options.
Risk of default: Non-compliance with loan terms could lead to property foreclosure.
Additional Tips
Start small with your first private money loan to build trust and experience.
Network with real estate professionals and advisors for recommendations on reputable lenders.
Have a solid business plan and financial projections to demonstrate your investment’s viability.
How to Find Private Money
Private money can be a great option for real estate investors. And it’s been a great way for me to scale my real estate.
If you want to find private money, you can read my article How To Find Private Money For Real Estate Investments.
Conclusion
Private money can be an incredible way to get started and also scale up. It’s been critical in my journey.
However, know what you’re getting into. Carefully understand the terms, exit strategy, and your risk tolerance.
When closing on your home, you signed loan documents agreeing to specific mortgage terms. One of those documents likely included an agreement to maintain continuous homeowners insurance coverage. If your insurance lapses or gets canceled, your lender may step in and obtain lender-placed insurance (LPI) — also known as forced-placed insurance — to safeguard the property.
Let’s dive deeper into LPI’s role, how it works, and how you can potentially avoid it.
Understanding Lender-Placed Insurance
Several factors are causing insurance carriers to suspend new policies or not renew existing ones in areas they have deemed “high-risk.” Rising disaster losses, construction costs, reinsurance rates and restrictive state regulatory environments are to blame in areas like Florida, Louisiana, and California. This trend is leaving some homes unprotected.
Borrowers with lapsed or canceled homeowners policies or with policies deemed insufficient will be subject to a lender-placed insurance plan. It’s a policy paid for by the borrower.
What Is Lender-Placed Insurance?
A lender-placed insurance policy is a policy that’s added to your mortgage if there’s a lapse in insurance coverage safeguarding your home. The lender is placing a policy to ensure the property remains protected. This limited insurance typically comes with a higher cost and provides less coverage than a policy you can obtain on your own. For example, it does not protect against losses to personal property.
When and Why Is LPI Implemented?
Lenders utilize LPI to bridge any insurance gaps and uphold the continuous coverage required by your home loan agreement. This coverage ensures that the property remains protected, safeguarding the lender’s financial stake in it. The cost of LPI is debited from the escrow account and collected in the monthly mortgage payment.
Key Players Involved
Mortgage companies, insurance providers and borrowers all play distinct roles in the lender-placed insurance process.
Lenders
Uphold the homeowner’s requirement to maintain homeowners insurance
Initiate LPI to protect the home and their financial investment in the property
Charge and collect premiums, which are added to the homeowner’s escrow account, resulting in an increased mortgage payment amount
Insurance Providers
Provide LPI coverage at the request of a lender
Manage LPI policies, including collecting premiums from the lender, processing claims and maintaining coverage
Ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations
Borrowers
Are responsible for maintaining adequate homeowners insurance coverage to protect their property and comply with the mortgage agreement
Should communicate with the lender to ensure the lender has the most up to date insurance information
Seek assistance from an insurance company, agent, or broker if they are facing challenges securing insurance
How Lender Placed Insurance Works
Borrowers need to understand the importance of fulfilling their obligation to maintain homeowners insurance. Here’s an overview of the steps involved when a borrower does not maintain the required property coverage:
Lenders regularly monitor a borrower’s insurance coverage. Upon discovering a lapse or inadequacy in the homeowner’s insurance, they will initiate the process of obtaining LPI. A lender typically will first notify the homeowner before purchasing LPI, and then will send a Certificate of Coverage to inform the homeowner once LPI is in place.
The LPI premiums are added to the homeowner’s mortgage balance, increasing the monthly mortgage payments. These premiums are often much higher than those of standard homeowners insurance.
Lenders will maintain LPI coverage until the homeowner secures adequate homeowners insurance.
Once the homeowner obtains satisfactory homeowners insurance, the lender discontinues LPI coverage and the associated charges from the escrow account.
Triggers for LPI Placement
Lenders initiate lender-placed insurance when there is a lapse in the required insurance coverage on a property that serves as collateral for a loan. Common situations that trigger this include:
1. Expired or Canceled Homeowners Insurance
If the existing insurance policy on the property lapses or is canceled, leaving the property uninsured, the lender may initiate LPI.
Why would a policy be canceled? Insurers may drop homeowners insurance for a variety of reasons. Often, underwriting standards change, and insurers decide not to cover properties in certain areas. Policies can also be canceled due to non-payment of premiums, frequent or fraudulent claims, or changes in property usage, such as turning a home into a rental property.
2. Incorrect Mortgagee Listed
LPI also may be triggered when the insurance company does not have the lender listed as the mortgagee. It is important to list the correct mortgagee so the insurance company can send automatic renewals directly to the lender.
3. Inadequate Coverage
A lender may impose LPI if a borrower does not obtain or maintain the insurance coverage required by the loan agreement. A great example of this is wind coverage. If a homeowner’s policy excludes wind, it may be deemed insufficient, requiring them to obtain a separate policy or additional coverage.
The Role of Lender-Placed Insurance
The primary role of lender-placed insurance is to protect the home and the lender’s investment in the property by ensuring it’s adequately insured against potential losses due to damage or destruction. It’s a backup measure if the homeowner does not maintain their homeowners insurance policy.
Cost and Coverage
There are significant differences between standard homeowners insurance and LPI in terms of coverage, costs and flexibility.
Comparison with Standard Homeowners Insurance
Coverage Limits and Scope: LPI provides limited coverage, often only covering the dwelling or sometimes only up to the mortgage balance. Standard homeowners insurance usually offers broad coverage, including liability, personal property and additional living expenses.
Premiums. LPI is often more expensive than insurance obtained directly by the borrower. That’s because homeowners have the flexibility to choose their own insurer and policy with regular homeowners insurance. Whereas lenders do not have the same ability to negotiate lower premiums for lender-placed insurance, as they are not the policyholders.
Flexibility: Standard insurance is chosen by the borrower, so the homeowner has more flexibility in deciding which provider and policy to select. With LPI, the lender has to select the insurer and policy, which may not be the best fit for each borrower.
Risks and Controversies
LPI is not uncommon but it does come with drawbacks, so reputable lenders make efforts to help homeowners avoid it. Some reasons to avoid LPI include:
Higher costs, which can place a financial burden on homeowners
Less comprehensive coverage than standard insurance, which leaves homeowners insurance with less protection in case of a loss
Lack of control since the lender chooses the LPI policy and terms
It’s important to note that LPI is considered a protective, backup measure. Lenders typically prefer that homeowners maintain their own insurance policies.
Alternatives to Lender Placed Insurance
It’s always in your best interest to maintain your own insurance policy, as it’s more affordable and provides more coverage. However, when necessary, LPI serves to fill gaps in coverage to keep the home protected. Let’s look at some strategies for potentially avoiding lender-placed insurance.
Maintain Homeowners Insurance or Replace as Soon as Possible
Homeowners should maintain their standard homeowners insurance policy. If your insurance lapses or is canceled, replace the required insurance on your property as soon as possible and send proof of insurance to us. Pennymac will update your insurance information within 3-5 business days from the time we receive the request and insurance confirmation. Once completed, the new insurance information will be displayed in the Escrow section of your online account.
Exploring Other Insurance Options
If you’re denied coverage due to being in a “high-risk” area, talk to your neighbors about what insurance companies they use. If you’re moving into a new home, your lender or real estate agent may suggest options. If you still need help securing insurance, find out if you live in a state that offers FAIR (Fair Access to Insurance Requirements) plans.
FAIR plans are government-mandated property insurance plans that provide coverage to individuals and businesses who can’t obtain insurance in the regular market. These plans typically include basic coverage for properties considered high-risk or difficult to insure due to factors such as location, age or type of construction.
If you’re turned down or non-renewed by your current insurance company or are otherwise in need of coverage, you may apply for coverage under the FAIR Plan through an agent or broker licensed to sell FAIR property insurance. You may want to contact your insurance agent/company to understand exactly what is and isn’t covered under the FAIR plan.
Keep in mind, though, that while FAIR plan insurance policies can be a lifeline for those with no other options, they may be costly and may offer limited coverage. It’s optimal to try to maintain your own homeowners insurance policy to adequately protect your interests and assets. If you have to carry a FAIR plan, talk to your insurance agent/company about obtaining supplemental coverage that may not be covered under the FAIR plan.
Communication and Transparency
Communication and transparency are essential for both the borrower and the lender. You should notify the insurance company promptly if you encounter difficulties maintaining mandatory insurance. Prompt and proactive communication can give you time to explore options that may help you avoid LPI.
Your lender also will be committed to ensuring you are promptly notified and receive information that is helpful regarding costs and coverage, and they should be available to help if you have concerns.
Take Steps to Avoid Lender-Placed Insurance
At Pennymac, our goal is to help you take action to avoid lender-placed insurance. If you’re facing a possible lapse of sufficient homeowners insurance coverage, visit mycoverageinfo.com/pennymac for information that can potentially help you avoid the extra expense and reduced coverage of LPI.
We often think of homebuyers as younger, but retirees and senior citizens have plenty of reasons to make a purchase, too. Although the current housing market isn’t the best for buyers, waiting for it to change isn’t an option for some older house hunters. Here’s what to know about getting a mortgage as a senior.
Key statistics on seniors and mortgages
Roughly two-thirds of adults who own a home have a mortgage, according to 2022 data from the U.S. Federal Reserve.
The median mortgage in 2022 was $1,400 per month, based on data from the U.S. Federal Reserve
Baby boomers carry an average of $190,441 in mortgage debt — the second-lowest balance, behind the Silent Generation, according to 2023 data from Experian.
At 52 percent, baby boomers account for the largest generation of home sellers, according to the National Association of Realtors. They also account for the biggest cohort of homebuyers, at 39 percent.
More than forty percent of people report that paying for housing negatively impacts their mental health, according to a Bankrate survey.
Iowa is the No. 1 best state to retire to in 2023, according to a Bankrate study. Delaware, West Virginia, Missouri and Mississippi also rank highly. The worst states to retire include Alaska, California and New York.
Can you get a mortgage as a senior?
Yes, lenders offer mortgages for seniors. When it comes to getting a home loan, mortgage lenders look at many factors to decide whether a borrower is qualified — but age isn’t one of them. It’s one of the protected categories specified by the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which makes it unlawful to discriminate against a credit applicant because of age (along with race, religion, national origin, sex and marital status).
Still, lenders can ask your age on mortgage applications, but only for the purpose of gathering demographic data, as specified by the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). The information is supposed to be confidential and not used as a criterion to approve or deny the applicant.
“The same underwriting guidelines apply to retirees and seniors as does to everyone else,” says Michael Becker, branch manager and loan originator at Sierra Pacific Mortgage in Lutherville, Maryland. “They must have the capacity to repay the loan — that is, have the income and assets to qualify.
“I once did a 30-year mortgage for a 97-year-old woman,” says Becker. “She was lucid, understood what she was doing and just wanted to help out a family member [by taking] some cash out of her home, and had the income to qualify and the equity in the home — she owned it free and clear. So she was approved.”
Is qualifying for a mortgage harder for seniors?
Despite laws prohibiting lending discrimination on the basis of age, it can still be challenging for seniors to qualify for home financing. In fact, a 2023 working paper out of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia found a link between the rejection rate on mortgage applications and the age of the borrower.
This could be for a number of reasons, including qualifying factors like assets and debt. If you’re managing a lot of debt already, you might not be able to take on a mortgage (or another mortgage), especially if you now have less income in retirement. No matter your age, you’ll still need to meet the lender’s criteria for approval.
How to qualify for a mortgage in retirement
When seniors apply for a mortgage, lenders look at the same financial criteria as they do for any other borrower, including credit history and score, debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, income and other assets.
Credit score
Here are the minimum credit scores needed based on loan type:
Loan type
Minimum credit score
Conventional loans
620
FHA loans
580 with 3.5% down payment, 500 with 10% down payment
VA loans
No minimum requirement, but generally 620
USDA loans
No minimum requirement, but generally 640
Bear in mind that minimum scores can allow you to qualify for a loan in general, but you won’t get the best interest rates the lender has to offer. For a conventional loan, for example, you’d need a score of 740 or higher to nab a more competitive rate.
You can check your credit score for free each week by visiting AnnualCreditReport.com.
DTI ratio
Calculate your DTI ratio using this formula:
Mortgage Calculator
DTI = Monthly debt payments (including mortgage or rent) / monthly gross income x 100
Some lenders allow a DTI ratio as high as 50 percent, but most prefer to see you spend less than 45 percent of your monthly income on debt payments, including your mortgage.
Income verification
Besides what’s required to prove your identity, you’ll need to supply documentation about your income. If you’re still working — and many are, according to a recent Bankrate survey — that includes paystubs, W-2s and tax returns. If you’re retired, it might include:
Income source
Documents
Social Security
Copies of benefit verification, proof of income or proof of award letter, statements and/or tax returns
Pension
Copies of retirement award or benefit letter statements and/or tax returns
401(k), IRA and Keogh distributions
Copies of statements and/or tax returns
Interest and dividends income
Copies of statements, 1099s and/or tax returns
Annuities
Copies of statements and/or tax returns
Rental property income
Copies of tax returns and/or current lease agreement
Disability
Copies of disability policy and/or benefits statement
“Generally, two months’ of bank statements are needed to show those payments being deposited into the retiree’s account,” says Becker. “Since there is no paycheck, the bank statements serve the same purpose. The deposits have to match what the forms show.”
Investment income — capital gains, dividends, distributions and interest — is reported on your tax return. For the income to be used to qualify you for the loan, you’ll need to provide two years’ worth of returns.
“If the retiree has retirement income that is nontaxable, like Social Security income or tax-exempt interest, that income can be ‘grossed up,’ or increased 15 to 25 percent, depending on the loan product, to help qualify for the loan,” says Becker.
Should you get a mortgage in retirement?
In general, it’s best to avoid taking on more debt in retirement, when your income might not be as predictable as it once was. Using your retirement savings to pay down your mortgage can make it difficult to enjoy a comfortable retirement lifestyle and cover costs like medical bills.
“Even if one owns a property with no further mortgage payments due, property taxes and upkeep will be a consideration,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst and Washington bureau chief for Bankrate. “As with people of all ages, having a budget, limiting expenses and accurately accounting for income expectations are key.”
Then again, working hard to pay off your mortgage debt prior to retirement might not be the best strategy either. It could leave you financially vulnerable and unable to pay for emergencies.
However, taking out a senior mortgage can be a smart play for retirees who can afford to make a substantial down payment on a home. Along with a smaller loan, consider a shorter loan — say, a 15-year mortgage instead of the benchmark 30-year. Yes, your monthly payments will be higher, but your interest rate will be lower. You can also ask your lender about senior citizen mortgage assistance programs that are available in your state.
Be sure to consider your spouse or partner when deciding to get a mortgage. What would happen if one of you were to die, and how would that affect the survivor’s ability to repay the loan? If your surviving spouse or partner would not be able to take over the loan, getting a mortgage during retirement may not be a smart financial decision.
7 mortgage options for seniors
There are plenty of home loan options available to retirees or seniors — mostly the same as for anyone, with one exception. Here are seven to consider:
Conventional loan: You can find conventional mortgages from virtually every type of lender, in terms ranging from eight to 30 years. If you’re not making a down payment or don’t have an equity level of at least 20 percent, you’ll need to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) premiums.
FHA, VA or USDA loan: These government-insured loans might be easier to qualify for than a conventional mortgage. You can only get a VA loan if you or your spouse has served in the military, however, or a USDA loan only if you’re buying in a USDA-approved area.
Cash-out refinance: With a cash-out refi, you’ll get a brand-new mortgage and cash out some of your home’s equity in a lump sum.
Home equity loan: A home equity loan is a lump-sum loan, usually with a fixed rate, fixed monthly payments and a term between five and 30 years. You’ll typically need at least 20 percent equity to qualify.
Home equity line of credit (HELOC): – A HELOC is a variable-rate product that works similarly to a credit card — you’re given a line of credit to draw on as needed. You’ll have a certain number of years to draw the money, and then a certain amount of time to repay the loan.
Reverse mortgage: A reverse mortgage is a loan taken out against your current home, in which a lender pays you monthly installments; these must be repaid, or the home surrendered to the lender, when you die or move out. To qualify, you must be at least 62 years old, own your home outright (or close to it) and live in the home as your primary residence. You’ll also have to pay for the property taxes, homeowners insurance, HOA fees (if applicable) and other upkeep on the home.
No-document mortgage: A no-doc mortgage doesn’t require income verification. It’s an uncommon product, but it can be an option for borrowers who have irregular income.
Bottom line
Seniors with good credit, sufficient retirement income and assets and not a lot of debt can get a mortgage or home loan. The keys are knowing your long-term plans, exploring loan options and providing documentation to support your application. It’s also worth speaking to a financial advisor or retirement planner to prepare your finances for the new loan. If you’re acquiring or unloading property, you’ll want to revisit your estate plan, as well.
Frequently asked questions
Lenders consider employment wages, Social Security payments, freelance income, part-time income, tips, pension and retirement income as income for loan qualification. They also count alimony and child support payments, unemployment benefits, investment income and disability leave.
It’s possible to get a mortgage with Social Security as your only income, depending on how high your payments are. But like any borrower with a low income, you might not qualify for a large mortgage, and you may have to put down a sizable down payment to get approved. If you’re looking for mortgages for seniors on Social Security, ask lenders about their specific eligibility requirements before applying.