The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
Personal loan interest rates can range from 6 to 36 percent and are based on various factors. Your interest rate may depend on your credit score, the lender type and other factors based on your financial situation.
Recent data shows Americans have over $241 billion in personal loan debt. Whether you have personal loan debt or are considering taking out a personal loan, this may not always be bad debt. When used responsibly, personal loans can help you get better interest rates by consolidating other debts or help when you need additional funds. When taking out a loan, it’s helpful to know the average personal loan interest rates so you can get the best deal possible.
The interest rate is a fee based on the percentage of the loan amount, so ideally, you want the lowest interest rate possible. We’re going to discuss the average interest rates based on various factors, like your credit score and lender types, to help you find a loan that has the best rates.
Average personal loan interest rates by credit score
One of the best ways to get the lowest interest rates for personal loans is by having a high credit score. There are ways to get a loan with bad credit, but these loans often have some of the highest interest rates. High interest rates mean you may pay hundreds or thousands more in interest fees when you take out a loan. Below is a chart showing the difference between interest rates when taking out a loan based on your credit score:
Credit score
Average loan interest rate
300 – 629
28.50% – 32.00%
630 – 689
17.80% – 19.90%
690 – 719
13.50% – 15.50%
720 – 850
10.73% – 12.50%
Source: Bankrate
Average personal loan interest rates by lender type
You have a variety of options when taking out a personal loan. You can go into traditional brick-and-mortar financial institutions like banks or credit unions and find personal loans online. Some of these lenders may even offer bad credit loans, but remember, these typically come with higher interest rates.
In the following sections, we show interest rates from some of the most popular lenders from each category. As you’ll see, each lender has a range of interest rates, which depends on your credit score, income and other financial information.
Average personal loan rates by bank
Personal loan interest rates from banks can range from 6.99 percent to 24.99 percent. Currently, Santander Bank offers the lowest interest rate range.
Average personal loan rates by credit union
Credit unions are another way to get personal loans, and they’re similar to banks except they’re member cooperatives and not-for-profit. Each of the credit unions listed below has lower interest rates on the higher end of the range, with none being over 20 percent.
Average personal loan rates by online lender
Many people turn to online lenders because not only are they convenient, but they’re also more likely to lend to those with bad credit or those who need a personal loan after a bankruptcy. Depending on your credit score and credit history, some of these personal loans have the highest interest rates.
5 factors that affect your personal loan interest rate
If you’re in the market for a personal loan, it’s helpful to know what lenders are looking for. This helps you get approved for the loan and the best interest rate possible. If you have poor credit, using a cosigner may help with approval, but if you want to get a personal loan without a cosigner, here’s what lenders are looking at:
Credit score and report: Your credit score and report show your credit history and how likely you are to pay back your loan. A low credit score can lead to higher interest rates.
Income: Lenders use your income to determine the loan amount and whether you can pay the amount back.
Debt-to-income ratio: Your debt-to-income ratio is a calculation of how much debt you currently have compared to your income. Ideally, it should be low.
Employment status: Employment shows a steady flow of income. If you’re self-employed or an independent contractor, it may make getting a loandifficult.
Length of loan: Shorter loan terms often come with higher interest rates.
What is a good personal loan interest rate?
What’s considered a “good” personal loan interest rate will depend on the person and their situation. Typically, a good interest rate is anything below the average rate for your credit score. Ideally, you want to improve your credit to get even better interest rates on personal loans.
How your credit score affects your personal loan interest rate
Your credit score and credit history play a big part in getting a good personal loan interest rate. As mentioned earlier, a high interest rate can cost you thousands in additional interest fees. If you have a bad credit score, you may have errors on your credit report that are hurting your credit. Lexington Law Firm offers an in-depth credit assessment that shows you where your credit stands before you apply for a loan. Get your free credit assessment today.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Nature Lewis
Associate Attorney
Before joining Lexington Law as an Associate Attorney, Nature Lewis managed a successful practice representing tenants in Maricopa County.
Through her representation of tenants, Nature gained experience in Federal law, Family law, Probate, Consumer protection and Civil law. She received numerous accolades for her dedication to Tenant Protection in Arizona, including, John P. Frank Advocate for Justice Award in 2016, Top 50 Pro Bono Attorney of 2015, New Tenant Attorney of the Year in 2015 and Maricopa County Attorney of the Month in March 2015. Nature continued her dedication to pro bono work while volunteering at Community Legal Services’ Volunteer Lawyer’s Program and assisting victims of Domestic Violence at the local shelter. Nature is passionate about providing free knowledge to the underserved community and continues to hold free seminars about tenant rights and plans to incorporate consumer rights in her free seminars. Nature is a wife and mother of 5 children. She and her husband have been married for 24 years and enjoy traveling internationally, watching movies and promoting their indie published comic books!
Many or all of the products and brands we promote and feature including our ‘Partner Spotlights’ are from our partners who compensate us. However, this does not influence our editorial opinion found in articles, reviews and our ‘Best’ tables. Our opinion is our own. Read more on our methodology here.
Comparing mortgage rates is key to keeping your mortgage costs lower. It’s also why you should shop around if you’re looking for a new mortgage deal. Whether you’re ready to compare mortgages right now or want to keep tabs on the latest mortgage rates in the UK, everything you need is here.
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Tell us what you’re looking for and see current UK mortgages available, including rates, repayments and product information. Continue online to our partner L&C for fee-free mortgage help and advice.
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How to get the best mortgage rates and deals
Mortgage rates vary depending on the type of mortgage you’re looking for, your financial situation and your credit score. But when we talk about getting the best mortgage rate, it’s important to find the best rate among the mortgage deals that suit you and your circumstances.
Mortgage fees and the features you want in a mortgage should always be considered alongside the mortgage rate when making mortgage comparisons and shopping around for any mortgage deal.
If you’re in any way unsure or want help finding the best mortgage deal for you we recommend you seek mortgage advice.
Are mortgage rates going down?
Mortgage rates have mainly been rising in the past week, continuing the upward trend seen during much of February. The average rate on two-year fixed-rate mortgages increased to 5.15% in the week to 28 February, rising from 5.08% a week earlier, according to Rightmove. At the same time, the average rate on five-year fixed-rate mortgages increased to 4.80%, up from 4.72%.
Many of the big UK lenders have increased the cost of their fixed-rate mortgages in recent weeks. However, average rates remain lower than at the beginning of the year, due to the significant rate cuts seen during the mortgage rate price war in January.
Some experts are predicting that more mortgage rate rises may be on the way. This is mainly because of expectations that the Bank of England base rate may need to stay higher for longer, to get inflation down.
What are current UK mortgage rates?
The average two-year fixed-rate mortgage rate, if you have a 25% deposit or equity, increased to 4.99% over the past week, up from 4.90%, while the average rate on a similar five-year fixed-rate mortgage rose to 4.70%, from 4.61%. If you have a smaller deposit or equity of 5%, the average two-year fixed rate remained unchanged at 5.79%, while the average five-year rate increased to 5.38%, from 5.35%. All rates are according to Rightmove as at 28 February 2024.
Latest average two-year fixed-rate mortgage rates
Loan to value (LTV)
21 February 2024
28 February 2024
Week-on-week change
⇩ ⇧
60% LTV
4.50%
4.62%
+0.12%
⇧
75% LTV
4.90%
4.99%
+0.09%
⇧
85% LTV
5.08%
5.14%
+0.06%
⇧
90% LTV
5.31%
5.38%
+0.07%
⇧
95% LTV
5.79%
5.79%
No change
⇔
Latest average five-year fixed-rate mortgage rates
Loan to value (LTV)
21 February 2024
28 February 2024
Week-on-week change
⇩ ⇧
60% LTV
4.19%
4.30%
+0.11%
⇧
75% LTV
4.61%
4.70%
+0.09%
⇧
85% LTV
4.67%
4.73%
+0.06%
⇧
90% LTV
4.86%
4.93%
+0.07%
⇧
95% LTV
5.35%
5.38%
+0.03%
⇧
Data sourced from Rightmove/Podium. Correct as at 28 February 2024.
Average rates are based on 95% of the mortgage market and products with a fee of around £999.
What mortgage do I need?
If you’re looking for a mortgage, you’ll usually fall into one of the following categories of mortgage borrower.
If you’ve never owned a home before, you’ll usually need a first-time buyer mortgage. Knowing that you’re just starting out, the deposit requirements on most first-time buyer mortgages are generally small. You should also be able to find mortgage deals where upfront fees are kept to a minimum. However, mortgage rates for first-time buyers tend to be higher than if you’re already on the property ladder. This is because you’re likely to require a larger loan relative to the value of your property – so borrow at a higher loan-to-value (LTV) – making you a riskier proposition in the eyes of lenders. As it’s your first mortgage, lenders also have less to go on when trying to assess your reliability as a mortgage borrower.
If you already have a mortgage but want to switch to a new one, you are looking to remortgage. You may want to remortgage because your current fixed-rate or discounted term is at an end and you don’t want to move on to your lender’s standard variable rate (SVR), which may be higher. Other reasons you may remortgage include to raise funds to pay for home improvements, or because falling interest rates or a rise in the value of your home means remortgaging could save you money. If you’ve built equity in your property since taking out your current mortgage, it may be possible to borrow at a lower LTV for your new mortgage – and the lower your LTV, the lower mortgage rates tend to be.
If you already have a mortgage but are moving home, you may be able to take your current mortgage with you – this is called porting. Alternatively, you may want to arrange a new mortgage altogether, either with your current lender or a different one. Whichever option you’re considering, it’s important to weigh up the costs of either porting or exiting your existing deal, along with any potential fees you may need to pay on a new mortgage deal.
If you’re buying a property to rent out to tenants, you’ll be looking for a buy-to-let mortgage. You’ll normally need a larger deposit for a buy-to-let mortgage than you would for a residential mortgage, and buy-to-let mortgage rates tend to be higher too. Lenders will also want to see that the rental income you expect to receive will more than cover your monthly repayments.
How mortgage rates work
Mortgage rates are the interest rate you pay to a lender on the mortgage balance you have outstanding. The lower your mortgage rate, the lower your monthly mortgage repayments tend to be, and vice versa.
Different types of mortgage
The type of mortgage you take out can affect the mortgage rate you pay, and whether it may change going forward.
Fixed-rate mortgage
A fixed-rate mortgage guarantees that your mortgage rate, and therefore your monthly repayments, won’t change during the set fixed-rate period that you choose.
This can help with budgeting and means you are protected against a rise in mortgage costs if interest rates begin to increase. However, you’ll miss out if interest rates start to fall while you are locked into a fixed-rate mortgage.
Variable rate mortgages
With a variable rate mortgage, your mortgage rate has the potential to rise and fall and take your monthly repayments with it. This may work to your advantage if interest rates decrease, but means you’ll pay more if rates increase. Variable rate mortgages can take the form of:
a tracker mortgage, where the mortgage rate you pay is typically set at a specific margin above the Bank of England base rate, and will automatically change in line with movements in the base rate.
a standard variable rate, or SVR, which is a rate set by your lender that you’ll automatically move on to once an initial rate period, such as that on a fixed-rate mortgage, comes to an end. SVRs tend to be higher than the mortgage rates on other mortgages, which is why many people look to remortgage to a new deal when a fixed-rate mortgage ends.
a discount mortgage, where the rate you pay tracks a lender’s SVR at a discounted rate for a fixed period.
Offset mortgages
With an offset mortgage, your savings are ‘offset’ against your mortgage amount to reduce the interest you pay. You can still access your savings, but won’t receive interest on them. Offset mortgages are available on either a fixed or variable rate basis.
Interest-only mortgages
An interest-only mortgage allows you to make repayments that cover the interest you’re charged each month but won’t pay off any of your original mortgage loan amount. This helps to keep monthly repayments low but also requires that you have a repayment strategy in place to pay off the full loan amount when your mortgage term ends. Interest-only mortgages can be arranged on either a fixed or variable rate.
» MORE: Should I get an interest-only or repayment mortgage?
How rate changes could affect your mortgage payments
Depending on the type of mortgage you have, changes in mortgage rates have the potential to affect monthly mortgage repayments in different ways.
Fixed-rate mortgage
If you’re within your fixed-rate period, your monthly repayments will remain the same until that ends, regardless of what is happening to interest rates generally. It is only once the fixed term expires that your repayments could change, either because you’ve moved on to your lender’s SVR, which is usually higher, or because you’ve remortgaged to a new deal, potentially at a different rate.
Tracker mortgage
With a tracker mortgage, your monthly repayments usually fall if the base rate falls, but get more expensive if it rises. The change will usually reflect the full change in the base rate and happen automatically, but may not if you have a collar or a cap on your rate. A collar rate is one below which the rate you pay cannot fall, while a capped rate is one that your mortgage rate cannot go above.
Standard variable rate mortgage
With a standard variable rate mortgage, your mortgage payments could change each month, rising or falling depending on the rate. SVRs aren’t tied to the base rate in the same way as a tracker mortgage, as lenders decide whether to change their SVR and by how much. However, it is usually a strong influence that SVRs tend to follow, either partially or in full.
» MORE: How are fixed and variable rate mortgages different?
Mortgage Calculators
Playing around with mortgage calculators is always time well-spent. Get an estimate of how much your monthly mortgage repayments may be at different loan amounts, mortgage rates and terms using our mortgage repayment calculator. Or use our mortgage interest calculator to get an idea of how your monthly repayments might change if mortgage rates rise or fall.
Can I get a mortgage?
Mortgage lenders have rules about who they’ll lend to and must be certain you can afford the mortgage you want. Your finances and circumstances are taken into account when working this out.
The minimum age to apply for a mortgage is usually 18 years old (or 21 for a buy-to-let mortgage), while there may also be a maximum age you can be when your mortgage term is due to end – this varies from lender to lender. You’ll usually need to have been a UK resident for at least three years and have the right to live and work in the UK to get a mortgage.
Checks will be made on your finances to give lenders reassurance you can afford the mortgage repayments. You’ll need to provide proof of your earnings and bank statements so lenders can see how much you spend. Any debts you have will be considered too. If your outgoings each month are considered too high relative to your monthly pay, you may find it more difficult to get approved for a mortgage.
Lenders will also run a credit check to try and work out if you’re someone they can trust to repay what you owe. If you have a good track record when it comes to managing your finances, and a good credit score as a result, it may improve your chances of being offered a mortgage.
If you work for yourself, it’s possible to get a mortgage if you are self-employed. If you receive benefits, it can be possible to get a mortgage on benefits.
Mortgages for bad credit
It may be possible to get a mortgage if you have bad credit, but you’ll likely need to pay a higher mortgage interest rate to do so. Having a bad credit score suggests to lenders that you’ve experienced problems meeting your debt obligations in the past. To counter the risk of problems occurring again, lenders will charge you higher interest rates accordingly. You’re likely to need to source a specialist lender if you have a poor credit score or a broker that can source you an appropriate lender.
What mortgage can I afford?
Getting an agreement or decision in principle from a mortgage lender will give you an idea of how much you may be allowed to borrow before you properly apply. This can usually be done without affecting your credit score, although it’s not a definite promise from the lender that you will be offered a mortgage.
You’ll also get a good idea of how much mortgage you can afford to pay each month, and how much you would be comfortable spending on the property, by looking at your bank statements. What is your income – and your partner’s if it’s a joint mortgage – and what are your regular outgoings? What can you cut back on and what are non-negotiable expenses? And consider how much you would be able to put down as a house deposit. It may be possible to get a mortgage on a low income but much will depend on your wider circumstances.
» MORE: How much can I borrow for a mortgage?
Joint mortgages
Joint mortgages come with the same rates as those you’ll find on a single person mortgage. However, if you get a mortgage jointly with someone else, you may be able to access lower mortgage rates than if you applied on your own. This is because a combined deposit may mean you can borrow at a lower LTV where rates tend to be lower. Some lenders may also consider having two borrowers liable for repaying a mortgage as less risky than only one.
The importance of loan to value
Your loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is how much you want to borrow through a mortgage shown as a percentage of the value of your property. So if you’re buying a home worth £100,000 and have a £10,000 deposit, the mortgage amount you need is £90,000. This means you need a 90% LTV mortgage.
The LTV you’re borrowing at can affect the interest rate you’re charged. Mortgage rates are usually lower at the lowest LTVs when you have a larger deposit.
What other mortgage costs, fees and charges should you be aware of?
It’s important to take into account the other costs you’re likely to face when buying a home, and not just focus on the mortgage rate alone. These may include:
Stamp duty
Stamp duty is a tax you may have to pay to the government when buying property or land. At the time of publication, if you’re buying a residential home in England or Northern Ireland, stamp duty only becomes payable on properties worth over £250,000. Different thresholds and rates apply in Scotland and Wales, and if you’re buying a second home. You may qualify for first-time buyer stamp duty relief if you’re buying your first home.
» MORE: Stamp duty calculator
Mortgage deposit
Your mortgage deposit is the amount of money you have available to put down upfront when buying a property – the rest of the purchase price is then covered using a mortgage. Even a small deposit may need to be several thousands of pounds, though if you have a larger deposit this can potentially help you to access lower mortgage rate deals.
Mortgage fees
Among the charges and fees which are directly related to mortgages, and the process of taking one out, you may need to pay:
Sometimes also referred to as the completion or product fee, this is a charge paid to the lender for setting up the mortgage. It may be possible to add this on to your mortgage loan although increasing your debt will mean you will be charged interest on this extra amount, which will increase your mortgage costs overall.
This is essentially a charge made to reserve a mortgage while your application is being considered, though it may also be included in the arrangement fee. It’s usually non-refundable, meaning you won’t get it back if your application is turned down.
This pays for the checks that lenders need to make on the property you want to buy so that they can assess whether its value is in line with the mortgage amount you want to borrow. Some lenders offer free house valuations as part of their mortgage deals.
You may want to arrange a house survey so that you can check on the condition of the property and the extent of any repairs that may be needed. A survey should be conducted for your own reassurance, whereas a valuation is for the benefit of the lender and may not go into much detail, depending on the type requested by the lender.
Conveyancing fees cover the legal fees that are incurred when buying or selling a home, including the cost of search fees for your solicitor to check whether there are any potential problems you should be aware of, and land registry fees to register the property in your name.
Some lenders apply this charge if you have a small deposit and are borrowing at a higher LTV. Lenders use the funds to buy insurance that protects them against the risk your property is worth less than your mortgage balance should you fail to meet your repayments and they need to take possession of your home.
If you get advice or go through a broker when arranging your mortgage, you may need to pay a fee for their help and time. If there isn’t a fee, it’s likely they’ll receive commission from the lender you take the mortgage out with instead, which is not added to your costs.
These are fees you may have to pay if you want to pay some or all of your mortgage off within a deal period. Early repayment charges are usually a percentage of the amount you’re paying off early and tend to be higher the earlier you are into a mortgage deal.
Government schemes to help you buy a home
There are several government initiatives and schemes designed to help you buy a home or get a mortgage.
95% Mortgage Guarantee Scheme
The mortgage guarantee scheme aims to persuade mortgage lenders to make 95% LTV mortgages available to first-time buyers with a 5% deposit. It is currently due to finish at the end of June 2025.
Shared Ownership
The Shared Ownership scheme in England allows you to buy a share in a property rather than all of it and pay rent on the rest. Similar schemes are available in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Help to Buy
The Help to Buy equity loan scheme, designed to help buyers with a smaller deposit, is still available in Wales, but not in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Forces Help to Buy
The Forces Help to Buy Scheme offers eligible members of the Armed Forces an interest-free loan to help buy a home. The loan is repayable over 10 years.
First Homes Scheme
Eligible first-time buyers in England may be able to get a 30% to 50% discount on the market value of certain properties through the First Homes scheme.
Right to Buy
Under this scheme, eligible council tenants in England have the right to buy the property they live in at a discount of up to 70% of its market value. The exact discount depends on the length of time you’ve been a tenant and is subject to certain limits. Similar schemes are available in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, while there is also a Right to Acquire scheme for housing association tenants.
Lifetime ISAs
To help you save for a deposit, a Lifetime ISA will see the government add a 25% bonus of up to £1,000 per year to the amount you put aside in the ISA.
How to apply for a mortgage
You may be able to apply for a mortgage directly with a bank, building society or lender, or you may need or prefer to apply through a mortgage broker. You’ll need to provide identification documents and proof of address, such as your passport, driving license or utility bills.
Lenders will also want to see proof of income and evidence of where your deposit is coming from, including recent bank statements and payslips. It will save time if you have these documents ready before you apply.
» MORE: Best mortgage lenders
Would you like mortgage advice?
Taking out a mortgage is one of the biggest financial decisions you’ll ever make so it’s important to get it right. Getting mortgage advice can help you find a mortgage that is suitable to you and your circumstances. It also has the potential to save you money.
If you think you need mortgage advice, we’ve partnered with online mortgage broker London & Country Mortgages Ltd (L&C) who can offer you fee-free advice.
Key mortgage terms explained
Loan to value (LTV)
Your loan-to-value ratio is the amount you wish to borrow through a mortgage expressed as a percentage of the value of the property you’re buying.
Initial interest rate
This is the interest rate you’ll pay when you’re still within the initial fixed-rate period of a mortgage deal.
Initial interest rate period
This is the period of time your initial interest rate will last, before your lender switches you over to its SVR.
Annual Percentage Rate of Charge (APRC)
The APRC is a single percentage figure designed to help you compare the annual cost of different mortgage deals.
Annual overpayment allowance (AOA)
This is the amount a lender will let you overpay on your mortgage each year without being charged a fee.
Early Repayment Charge (ERC)
This is a charge you may need to pay if you want to pay off some or all of your mortgage earlier than you agreed with your lender.
Mortgage term
A mortgage term is the full period of time over which the mortgage contract is taken out for – it should not be confused with the deal term. At the end of the term you will have paid off the full debt or all of the interest depending on what type of mortgage you took.
The current average rate on a five-year fixed-rate mortgage for a 10% deposit or equity is 4.93%, up from 4.86% a week earlier. For an equivalent two-year fixed-rate mortgage, the average rate of 5.38% has increased from 5.31%. If you have a 40% deposit/equity, the average five-year fixed rate is 4.30%, up from 4.19% a week earlier, while the average two-year fixed rate is 4.62%, rising from 4.50%. All rates are according to Rightmove as at 28 February 2024.
A mortgage rate is the interest rate a lender charges on the mortgage amount that you borrow. Mortgage interest rates may be fixed, guaranteeing that they will remain the same for a certain length of time, or variable, meaning it may fluctuate.
Mortgage providers regularly review the mortgage rates that they offer to take into account the costs involved with funding its lending activities, their latest priorities in terms of target borrowers, and wider conditions in the market. As a result, when searching for a new mortgage, it’s always a good idea to consider various lenders and take the time to compare different mortgages. Crucially, you need to bear in mind that a deal offering the best mortgage rate may not necessarily be the one that is most suitable for you. The mortgage rate is important, but at the same time, you need to consider other factors, such as the charges and fees attached to a mortgage, the type of mortgage that you need, and the mortgage term that you want.
While mortgage rates have been rising in recent weeks, many commentators still expect to see mortgage rates fall across 2024 as a whole.
The next move in the Bank of England base rate, which currently sits at 5.25%, is widely forecast to be down. But with inflation remaining unchanged in January, and wage growth easing by less than expected, some experts predict the first rate cut may not be made until September. Towards the end of 2023, some believed the rate could begin falling in March.
The uncertainty makes it even more difficult than usual to predict what may happen to mortgage rates next.
The interest rate is the percentage of a loan amount that a lender charges for borrowing money, whereas the APRC, or annual percentage rate of charge, is a calculation expressed as a percentage that takes into account both the interest rate and associated costs of a mortgage across its lifetime. The aim of the APRC is to help borrowers make meaningful comparisons between mortgage deals.
Taking the time to compare mortgage rates and deals, making sure your credit score is in good shape, saving for a larger deposit and paying off existing debts can all help improve your chances of getting a good mortgage deal.
When looking for a mortgage it is vital that you compare mortgage lenders and the rates and deals on offer. Taking the time to carry out a mortgage comparison can improve your chances of finding the best mortgage for your circumstances.
A mortgage is a loan you take out to help you buy a property you don’t have the money to pay for up front. You may be a first-time buyer, remortgaging, securing a buy to let, or moving to your next home. The amount you need to borrow will depend on the purchase price of the property, and how much you can put down as a deposit or already hold in equity in your current property. The mortgage is secured against the property, which means your home is at risk if you don’t meet the repayments.
With a capital repayment mortgage, your monthly repayments pay off your interest and some of your original loan amount each month, so that everything should be paid off by the time you reach the end of your mortgage term. The alternative to a repayment mortgage is an interest-only mortgage, where you will repay only the interest each month before needing to pay off your original loan amount in its entirety at the end of the mortgage term.
A mortgage term is the period of time you agree with a lender over which you intend to entirely pay off your mortgage and interest. A typical mortgage term in the UK is usually considered to be 25 years, but you may opt for a shorter period or a longer one, if allowed. Some lenders offer mortgage terms of up to 40 years. If you have a longer term, your monthly repayments will be lower, but you’ll pay more interest overall.
The cost of your mortgage will depend on many factors, including how much you borrow, the size of your deposit, the length of your mortgage term, the mortgage rate you’re paying, and whether you can afford to make overpayments. Your mortgage lender must provide you with the full cost of the mortgage before you apply.
» MORE: How much could your mortgage cost you?
Besides making sure your monthly repayments are affordable, there are many other costs associated with arranging a mortgage. These may include arrangement, survey, valuation and mortgage broker fees.
If you’ve previously owned a home and the property you’re buying is worth more than £250,000, stamp duty will be payable as well; if you’re a first-time buyer, stamp duty only becomes payable on properties worth over £425,000.
To get a mortgage as a first-time buyer you’ll usually need at least a 5% deposit and a regular income. Most lenders offer first-time buyer mortgages aimed primarily at those with smaller deposits. First-time buyers may also be able to secure a mortgage with the help of close relatives through a guarantor mortgage.
Some lenders offer buy-to-let mortgages that can be arranged on a property you want to rent out to a tenant, rather than live in yourself. You’ll usually need a larger deposit for a buy-to-let mortgage than for a residential mortgage, and interest rates are often higher. You may also need to already own your own home or have a residential mortgage on another property.
It may be possible to get a mortgage with bad credit but you’ll probably have fewer mortgage deals to choose from and need to pay higher mortgage rates.
You may want to consider remortgaging if your initial fixed-rate period is close to ending and you want to avoid moving on to your lender’s SVR. Choosing to remortgage has the potential to save you money if you find the right mortgage deal.
» MORE: How remortgaging works
It’s always important to think about your plans, particularly when it comes to choosing the type of mortgage that will suit you best. For instance, if you plan to move in perhaps two years, choosing a five-year fixed-rate mortgage may mean you have to pay early repayment charges if you need to get a new mortgage.
Getting an agreement in principle, or AIP, from a lender will give you an idea of how much you may be able to borrow for your mortgage without needing to formally apply. Getting an AIP usually involves a soft credit check, which shouldn’t affect your credit score. However, having an AIP does not guarantee that a lender will offer you a mortgage. An agreement in principle is also sometimes referred to as a decision in principle or a mortgage promise.
Yes, some providers offer halal or Islamic mortgages in the UK. These are compliant with Sharia law and allow people to borrow but not pay interest.
Think carefully before securing other debts against your home. Your home may be repossessed if you do not keep up repayments on a loan or any other debt secured on it.
Information on this page is a guide. It does not constitute advice, recommendation or suitability to your needs or financial circumstances. Seek qualified mortgage advice before proceeding with a mortgage product.
NerdWallet strives to keep its information accurate and up to date. This information may be different than what you see when you visit a financial institution, service provider or specific product’s site. All financial products and services are presented without warranty. When evaluating products, please review the financial institution’s Terms and Conditions.
Owning a home is an integral part of the American Dream, but it can often feel more like a mirage to those wrestling with bad credit. The idea of being shackled by a poor credit score might have you convinced that the dream of homeownership is unattainable.
But here’s a plot twist — a poor credit score does not necessarily slam the door to your dream house. Yes, it might add a few challenges to the journey, but the path to homeownership is far from being erased.
In this article, we’re going to simplify the process and illuminate the steps you can take to make your dream of homeownership a reality, even with bad credit. So buckle up and prepare for a deep dive into the world of credit scores, mortgages, and the surprising possibilities that await you.
10 Steps to Buy a House With Bad Credit
Bad credit doesn’t mean a ‘no’ to homeownership—it just implies a more strategic approach is required. From understanding your credit situation and improving your score, to exploring different mortgage options and considering a larger down payment, there are several actionable steps you can take.
Let’s embark on this journey together, helping you turn the dream of owning your own home into a reachable reality, irrespective of your credit score.
1. Know Your Credit Scores
How low are your credit scores? Do you know what’s causing you to have poor credit? Or are you assuming it’s bad because of past financial missteps?
What is a ‘bad’ credit score?
What constitutes a bad credit score? Generally, the ranges are as follows:
Excellent: 781 and above
Good: 661-780
Fair: 601-660
Poor: 501-600
Bad: 500 and below
So, if your credit score is 600 or lower, you’d fall into the subprime consumer category.
Check Out Our Top Picks for 2024:
Best Mortgage Loans for Bad Credit
How Your Credit Scores are Calculated
You should also have an understanding of how your credit score is calculated so you’ll know how much to improve it before applying. The five components are as follows:
Payment history (35%): Do you make timely payments to your creditors each month? If you’ve missed several payments in the past, your credit scores could be suffering. And other past-due bills that became collection accounts also negatively impact your payment history.
Amounts owed (30%): How much do you still owe creditors? If your debt-to-available credit or credit utilization ratio on revolving accounts is high, it could affect your credit scores.
Length of credit history (15%): How long have you had credit? A more established credit profile could equate to a higher FICO score.
Credit mix (10%): Do you have a healthy mix of revolving and installment credit? Lenders like to see a combination of both, and having several of one and not the other could lower your credit scores.
New credit (10%): Have you recently opened several new credit accounts? If so, prospective lenders may see you as more of a risk.
How to Check Your Credit Score
There are several free options to choose from. However, you can start by contacting your bank to see if it’s a service provided to account holders, free of charge. Or if you have credit cards, check the statement or online dashboard as it may appear there.
Did you recently apply for a mortgage and were denied? Lenders must explain their decisions in a letter and disclose that you can request a copy of the credit report used to make the decision.
In some instances, the denial letter will explain the denial and the credit score the lender used during the evaluation process. Lenders use different algorithms and credit scoring models. However, you can use this number as a starting point.
Lastly, you can use credit monitoring tools, like Identity IQ and Identity Guard, to view variations of your credit score. They also offer great identity theft protection.
2. Rectify Errors in Your Credit Report
According to the results of a study conducted by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 20% of credit reports contain errors. But why does this matter? Well, what’s in your report determines your credit score. And there’s a possibility that an error could result in a low credit score and prevent you from obtaining a mortgage.
So, you’ll want to get a free copy of your report and review it from top to bottom. If you spot errors, take the following steps to have them rectified:
Step 1: Print out a hard copy of your credit report and circle the items in question.
Step 2: Draft up a letter of dispute to submit to the credit bureaus. For a template, click here.
Step 3: Send the letter, the highlighted copy of your credit report, and any supporting documentation to the credit bureaus.
Step 4: Follow-up in writing with the credit bureaus after 30 days if you still haven’t received a response.
If you need additional help with credit report errors, review this comprehensive guide from the FTC.
It can take a while for credit reports to reflect updates made by disputing errors. So, prepare to fix your credit at least a few months before applying for a mortgage. That way, you can ensure any positive changes have time to improve your credit.
What if everything is accurate?
There’s a possibility that a series of financial missteps or a rough patch has left your credit in shambles and the effects are lingering. If that’s the case, reach out to the creditors and request that they remove the negative mark from your credit report in exchange for a settlement of the account in question.
This is called a pay-for-delete agreement and can do wonders for your credit if the creditor is on board. But be sure to get the agreement in writing.
If the account is showing as a paid collection item, this approach won’t work since the account has already been paid off.
However, you can write a letter to the creditor explaining your circumstances and ask that they honor a goodwill adjustment so you can get approved for a mortgage. You may not have luck with either approach right away, but consistency could pay off.
3. Run the Numbers
Mortgage loans designed for consumers with subpar credit sometimes come at a higher cost. Why so? It’s all a matter of risk.
The mortgage lender wants to be protected if you default on the loan and the home goes into foreclosure. So, if you’re adamant about getting a mortgage with bad credit, be prepared for the financial implications.
To illustrate, assume you’re seeking a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage for $250,000. Below is an example of how the figures could play out, based on your creditworthiness:
CREDIT SCORE
MONTHLY PAYMENT
INTEREST PAID OVER LIFE OF LOAN
TOTAL COST OF LOAN
Excellent Credit
4%
$179,674
$429,674
Good Credit
5%
$233,139
$483,139
Fair Credit
6%
$289,595
$539,595
Poor Credit
7%
$348,772
$598,772
And these figures don’t even factor in property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, and private mortgage insurance (if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%).
The good news is you can always refinance the loan at a later date when your credit score and financial situation improve.
4. Consider an FHA Loan
An FHA Loan is a great option for anyone who wants to buy a house with bad credit. These loans are issued by private lenders, but the loan is guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration. This guarantee protects the mortgage lender from borrowers that eventually default on their mortgage.
FHA loans come with less stringent requirements so they are easier to apply for than a conventional mortgage. However, FHA loans tend to have higher interest rates and closing costs than conventional mortgages.
FHA Loan Requirements
That being said, there are a few requirements you’ll need to meet:
You need a minimum credit score of 580.
You must have proof of a stable monthly income.
If your credit score is 580 or higher, you’ll need a minimum down payment of at least 3.5%.
If your credit score is 500 or higher you’ll need a minimum down payment of at least 10%.
The home you’re purchasing must be your primary residence.
There are other requirements you’ll need to meet to qualify for an FHA loan. These loans are capped at a certain amount, though this will vary depending on where you live.
You’ll also have to work with an FHA approved lender and pay private mortgage insurance (PMI), which will increase your monthly payment.
See also: FHA Loan Requirements for 2024
5. Consider a VA Loan
If you’re a veteran who has bad credit, then you may be eligible to take out a VA loan. VA loans are issued through private lenders, but the mortgage is backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
The program is designed to help veterans get back on their feet and has served as a lifeline for many struggling veterans. And VA loans have many advantages.
There is no down payment required, and you don’t have to purchase PMI. Additionally, there is no minimum credit score requirement. The interest rates are very competitive, and it’s fairly easy to apply for a VA loan.
VA Loan Requirements
However, there are a few requirements you’ll need to meet first:
Active duty military or a veteran who was honorably discharged.
You’ve served for at least 90 consecutive days during active wartime.
You’ve served for at least 180 consecutive days during active peacetime.
More than six years in the National Guard.
If your spouse died in the line of duty you may qualify for the VA loan program as well.
See also: VA Home Loans: Everything You Need to Know
6. Consider a USDA Loan
The USDA typically offers these no-down-payment mortgage loans in rural areas and lower-density suburbs. To qualify for a USDA loan, borrowers must meet income limits based on their household size and the median income of their county. You must also have a minimum credit score of 580.
See also: Guide for First-Time Homebuyers with Bad Credit
7. Explore Other Lending Options
If you aren’t a candidate for FHA or VA loans, you might consider alternative lenders. Loan aggregators like Lending Tree are a good way to determine if you qualify for conventional loan products.
Lending Tree won’t give you a loan but will match you with mortgage lenders that are willing to work with you. It only takes a few minutes to sign up on the company’s website, and you can receive mortgage offers from multiple lenders.
If you’ve been banking with the same financial institution for an extended period of time, you might also consider applying for a mortgage there.
Banks tend to have stricter lending requirements, but they may be willing to consider you for a mortgage based on your long-standing history with the bank. At the very least, it can’t hurt to try.
8. Save Up for a Down Payment
Lenders may be reluctant to approve you for a house with bad credit. And the higher the loan amount, the more risk they’ll have to assume.
It is more likely that you’ll be approved if you put down a large down payment, since the loan amount will be lower. Plus, you’ll save a bundle on interest.
So, how much should you save for a down payment? The standard 20% required for most conventional loans is a good starting point, but the higher, the better. (Plus, you may be able to avoid mortgage insurance).
It’s also a good idea to have as much cash in your savings account as possible. This demonstrates to lenders that despite having poor credit, you can handle financial emergencies or cover unexpected financial occurrences as they arise. It’s not necessary to stow away an entire year of income in the bank, but three to six months will suffice.
Worried about your credit taking a hit if you apply with several lenders? Don’t be. According to myFICO, “inquiries for mortgage loans generated in a 30-day window count as a single inquiry.”
So, if you shop around and apply with ten separate lenders in a 30-day window, your credit will only be impacted by one inquiry since FICO scoring models recognize that you’re conducting a home loan search.
10. Sign on the Dotted Line
Congratulations! You’ve done your homework, saved up for a down payment, and shopped around to find the lowest interest rate. Despite your credit troubles, you’ve done the legwork to buy the home of your dreams.
But if you weren’t as fortunate and found that it wasn’t the right time to buy, don’t fret. Be patient while working diligently to boost your credit score and get your finances in order.
Furthermore, be sure to make all your rent payments on time to show potential lenders that you are responsible and can handle your housing obligations. That way, you’ll have more luck next time around.
Bad credit is detrimental to your financial standing in many ways. A low credit rating can mean getting credit cards and other credit lines at exorbitant interest rates and low limits.
If your rating is really low, your credit applications may not be approved at all. Further, landlords may decline your rental application or ask for higher security deposits.
Simply put, the negative effects of bad credit are so far-reaching that many people are willing to do anything to get a better score. To this end, you’ll find services offering to delete negative items from your reports.
So, do such fixes work? If not, how do you go about fixing poor credit?
Let’s find out:
Can Poor Credit History Be Erased?
Yes and No. If the right steps are taken to remove mistakes in your report, then bad history can be erased, allowing your rating to get a boost.
On the other hand, a service that promises to erase correct, but negative, information on your report is a scam. Companies running such frauds can even go further in promising you a completely new and blemish-free identity.
Are Credit Repair Companies Legal?
Credit repair is a legal service that is guided by the Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA). Under the act, companies work within a framework that protects consumers from unscrupulous practices.
This consumer protection act has been in effect since 1996 and bans:
Changing a client’s identity to hide them from lenders and credit reporting bureaus.
Assuring consumers that they can erase items from a credit report.
Getting paid for incomplete repair services.
Advising you to make deceitful claims to furnishers of credit information or agencies.
Credit repair companies are also obligated to notify consumers that they can directly raise issues with credit reporting agencies.
Furthermore, the bureaus are required to make certain that their reports are without error and investigate any issues about the reports they generate.
It’s also worth noting that it’s within your right to sue any company that contravenes the CROA.
How Do Credit Repair Firms Remove Bad History?
Companies in this field act on your behalf to access your financial reports and dispute errors. A successful service ensures that the damaging information is excised from your credit report. The service involves:
Checking Credit Reports
The company requests your reports from Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. With the three reports, credit repairers can have a complete picture of your finances, since creditors are not required to subscribe to all credit agencies.
Reviewing and Disputing Errors
Credit repair professionals go through the different entries in your reports, confirming details as contained in supporting documents from the primary sources.
For example, to find out if a credit limit is accurate, the entry is checked against a statement from the specific credit line issuer. Such errors are marked and the right documents are prepared to initiate a dispute.
Disputes are raised with both credit bureaus and the originators of the misleading information. Errors can be anything from a misspelled name to duplication of debt.
If the disputes have merit, the bureaus are required to erase the affected entries. This is usually effected within a month or so after the process is initiated via mail or online.
What Can’t Be Erased from a Credit Report?
No matter how expensive a credit repair service is, some entries can’t be removed from a credit report. In a nutshell, all correct information stays on your report, irrespective of how damaging it is to your credit rating.
At the same time, bureaus are required to retain some vital entries in your reports, long after you have cleared the debt. Such entries include:
Payments for the last 24 months, whether they were timely or not.
Bankruptcies on your report can remain for up to 10 years, even after your status changes before the duration lapses
Applications for loans, credit cards, business loans, and other forms of credit. The entries are known as hard inquiries and stay on your credit report for 2 years.
The Takeaway
One approach to improving your credit standing is finding and disputing wrong information in your credit report. Common errors include incorrect accounts, inaccurate personal details, and data management errors.
With your authorization, credit repair services can help rectify mistakes and erase errors that are lowering your credit rating. However, such businesses are governed by laws that prescribe limits to what can or can’t be erased from a credit report.
Ultimately though, you need to build your credit through timely payment of balances and not maxing out your credit limits.
Home improvement loans are offered by banks, online lenders and credit unions.
Unlike home equity loans, home improvement loans are generally not tax deductible.
If used for projects that substantially improve your home, you may be able to deduct the interest on a home equity loan from your taxes.
Home improvement loans generally aren’t eligible for federal tax deductions, even when used for eligible renovations or property improvements. Unlike home equity loans, which can be tax deductible, home improvement loans are unsecured debt, rendering them ineligible for tax credits.
Home improvement loans vs. home equity loans
Although home improvement and home equity loans may sound similar on paper and can be used for the same purpose, it’s important to understand the differences between the two categories.
If you turn to a home improvement loan to finance your next project rather than an equity loan, you could leave thousands of dollars in tax deductions on the table.
Home improvement loans
A home improvement loan is offered by online lenders, banks or credit unions and functions as a personal loan. Borrowers must meet the lender’s requirements to get approved and receive the funds in a lump sum. While lenders typically require good credit, some provide bad credit home improvement loans.
Most lenders offer repayment timelines between two and five years and can come with fixed or variable interest rates based on your creditworthiness. In short, home improvement loans are unsecured personal loans specifically marketed toward borrowers looking to finance renovations.
Unsecured loans or debts (like personal loans for home improvements) aren’t secured by a house or property. Therefore, they’re not eligible for the tax credits, even if the funds are used for eligible projects or improvements.
Home equity loans
Home improvement loans and home equity loans are in two different categories for a number of reasons. For one, home equity loans are secured — backed by the home — and allow you to tap into the equity you’ve built up in your home over time.
Also called a ‘second mortgage,’ these loans and lines of credit tend to have stricter usage restrictions and are higher risk. If you fail to make the payments, you run the risk of losing your home. Home equity loans and lines of credit (HELOCs) are a few of the most popular secured debts and qualify for tax deductions.
Home loans that are tax deductible
As a rule of thumb, if your home or property doesn’t back the loan, it doesn’t qualify for the tax interest deduction. However, if you’re looking to finance a specific renovation, consider a home equity loan or line of credit.
Home equity loans
A home equity loan allows you to borrow against the equity — the portion of the home you’ve already paid off — built up in your home. They typically have fixed interest rates and repayment terms of up to 30 years, but most lenders allow the borrower to choose a repayment plan.
How much you can borrow will depend on the lender and how much equity you’ve built up over time. However, many lenders cap the amount you can borrow between 80 to 85 percent of your home’s equity.
If used for projects to substantially improve your home, you may be able to deduct the interest from your loan on your taxes, even if only a portion of the balance went toward the home.
Home Equity Lines of Credit (HELOCs)
HELOCs also allow you to borrow against the equity you’ve built up over time, but rather than dispersing the amount in a lump sum, a HELOC allows you to withdraw funds over time.
Borrowers can take out how much they need when they need it. The interest is eligible for a tax credit when used for eligible projects. Because of this, HELOCs can be a great way to finance an ongoing home improvement project.
Deduction-eligible home equity loan uses
Not all home improvement projects qualify for a tax deduction, even if you use a home equity loan for financing. It’s not likely that you’ll see any interest deducted for smaller projects, like updating your kitchen cabinets or installing a patio.
The IRS has specific parameters around what qualifies as eligible. Check the specific home improvement details and deadlines before banking on a significant return this tax season.
Home office deductions
If your residence is your primary workspace, you may be able to deduct certain home office improvements or purchases. This applies to homeowners and renters residing in any home or utilizing a free-standing structure for their business. Employees will not qualify, even if they meet the other requirements.
The term “home office” is more of an umbrella term as personal property also may qualify. Among others, Boats, RVs, mobile homes and unattached garages, studios or barns fall under this category if used strictly for business.
In order to qualify, the IRS states that:
You must use a specific part of your home strictly for business purposes.
Your home (or structure) is your principal place of business, or if administrative tasks can only be performed on your property.
If you work on a hybrid schedule and only work from home a few times a week, it likely won’t qualify. “If the use of the home office is merely appropriate and helpful, you cannot deduct expenses for the business use of your home,” an IRS resource page reads.
Medical-related home renovations
The installation of specialized household equipment for medical care to support you, your spouse or your dependent may qualify for a tax break, but only if the additions fall within certain parameters.
For example, the value of the property must not be increased by the renovation for the entire cost to be considered a taxable medical expense. Such improvements may include:
Widening hallways and doorways.
Adding ramps or lifts to accommodate for a wheelchair.
Modifying stairwells.
Lowering (or modifying) kitchen appliances, cabinets or household electrical outlets.
Any amount paid (or borrowed) for medical upkeep and operation also qualifies as long as the funds are used strictly for medical purposes and the installation of a specialized plumbing system for a person with a disability.
If you’re unsure whether your renovations qualify, consider the primary function of the addition and the potential value-add it gives your home. “Only reasonable costs to accommodate a home to your disabled condition are considered medical care,” the IRS tax resource reads. “Additional costs for personal motives, such as for architectural or aesthetic reasons, aren’t medical expenses.”
Energy efficient installations
If you’ve installed energy efficient equipment — think solar panels, energy efficient windows, skylights and doors, biomass equipment or small wind turbines — then you may qualify for a tax break on your next return.
Also called the residential clean energy property credit, qualifying eco-friendly renovations made after Dec. 31, 2021, and before Jan. 1, 2033, are eligible for a tax credit totaling up to 30 percent of the equipment costs. Any expenditure made in 2033 can result in a 26 percent maximum tax credit and a 22 percent maximum credit for property placed in 2034. There will be no credit available for renovations made Dec. 31, 2034.
What constitutes a qualifying cost when calculating the deduction percentage will vary based on the type of eco-friendly equipment you’ve had installed. There’s also a $1,200 aggregate yearly tax credit maximum for home components, energy audits and energy property, while qualifying heaters, stoves and boilers have a separate $2,000 limit.
Which is better: home equity or home improvement loans?
While there isn’t a ‘right’ answer as to which product is better, there are projects that are better suited for certain projects. For example, home improvement loans are best for smaller projects that don’t qualify for tax deductions, especially if you don’t have significant home equity built up.
For larger and longer renovations, HELOCs may be the better option for qualifying borrowers. Home equity loans are well suited for long-term homeowners with less strenuous projects that qualify for tax credits.
A secured credit card is a bit different than an unsecured credit card. It’s an unsecured card that most of us think of as a traditional credit card. The difference between a secured card and an unsecured card is that a secured card requires a security deposit to get. That deposit is either a down payment on your credit line or your entire credit line.
And because building credit requires having credit to use, secured credit cards are a fabulous way to fill the gap for those that don’t have a credit history or who’ve ended up with a bad or poor credit rating. And roughly 30% of Americans have bad credit or poor credit, which is almost 70 million people
And with poor credit, you can find it difficult or even impossible to get a car loan or mortgage. It can even make getting an apartment lease tough. And it can make getting a traditional credit card tough too. And even if you can get a loan, lease or credit card, your bad credit will cost you in higher interest rates and monthly payments.
There’s no instant cure for bad credit, but you can improve your score with work and careful planning. One of the ways you can improve that score is with a secured credit card.
Are you asking: “What is a secured credit card?” Keep reading for an explanation of what one is and how it can help build or rebuild your credit score and/or credit history.
What Is a Secured Credit Card?
Some credit card issuers offer secured credit cards. These cards are an option for those with less-than-perfect credit scores or no credit history. But, they have a catch. That catch is a required deposit.
OpenSky® Secured Visa® Credit Card
No credit check to apply. Zero credit risk to apply!
Looking to build or rebuild your credit? 2/3 of cardholders receive a 48+ point improvement after making 3 on-time payments
Extend your $200 credit line by getting considered for an unsecured credit line increase after 6 months, no additional deposit required!
Get free monthly access to your FICO score in our mobile application
Build your credit history across 3 major credit reporting agencies: Experian, Equifax, and Transunion
Add to your mobile wallet and make purchases using Apple Pay, Samsung Pay and Google Pay
Fund your card with a low $200 refundable security deposit to get a $200 credit line
Apply in less than 5 minutes with our mobile first application
Choose the due date that fits your schedule with flexible payment dates
Join over 1.2 million cardholders who’ve used OpenSky to build their credit
Need more credit?
When you apply for a secured credit card, the credit card issuer takes a refundable security deposit. That deposit gets you approved for the card and for a small credit line. The credit line is usually small like $200 or $500. But some cards offer higher credit lines—even up to $3,000.
With most secured cards, your security deposit is your credit limit. Your deposit acts as collateral against any payments you might miss and your poor or absent credit rating. Since your deposit equals your total credit limit in most cases, the issuer won’t lose money if you miss a payment.
Secured Vs. Unsecured Credit Cards
The other main form of credit card is an unsecured credit card. Credit card issuers don’t require a deposit when for traditional unsecured credit cards.
You can have a good credit score and still get turned down for an unsecured credit card based. For example, they may turn you down if your annual income isn’t high enough or if you have several other credit cards near their limit
Who Are Secured Credit Cards For?
Secured credit cards are intended for two types of cardholders:
Those who want and need to improve bad credit or poor credit scores
Those who need to start building on a limited or nonexistent credit history
Both of these types of cardholders are challenged with low credit scores.
If you fit into either of the above categories and as a result, you’re having trouble qualifying for a traditional credit card, secured credit cards could be a good solution.
Keep in mind that it’s still possible to be turned down for a secured credit card, particularly if you have a blemish like bankruptcy on your credit history.
How Secured Cards Help You Build Credit?
The major credit bureaus calculate your credit scores. They use many factors in modeling that score. While a secured card can’t fix all the issues that go into your score, like payment history, debt usage, credit history, account mix and credit inquiries, it can help you with most.
One of the big factors in your credit score is the percentage of on-time payments. The higher the percentage the better with 100% being ideal. Issuers that offer secured cards report your payments to the credit bureaus each month the same way they report unsecured credit card payments.
The best way to build your credit with a secured card is to use the card responsibly and make your monthly payments on time, every time. That way, you’ll build a positive payment history on your credit.
There are other ways to use your card to build your credit too.
The credit bureaus also look at how much of your credit you use—called debt usage. If you keep the balance on your secured card low, it helps boost your score. As a general rule, don’t use more than 30% of your credit limit if possible. Even better, use no more than 10%. Thirty percent of $500 is $150. Ten percent is $50. Following that guideline shows you can use credit wisely by not maxing out your card or cards.
Another factor credit bureaus look at is your account mix. You want a healthy mix of accounts. Long-term accounts increase your available credit limit, so they lower your debt usage. They also add to your account mix. Keeping your secured card—even if you’re not using it—is a good idea.
Note though, if you apply for too many credit cards, it can hurt your score. Each application puts a hard inquiry on your credit report. So, find one card and apply and only apply for another if you’re declined. Also, consider applying to cards that don’t check your credit history like the OpenSky® Secured Visa® Credit Card or one that prequalifies you with a credit check like the Merrick Bank Secured Credit Card.
Merrick Bank Secured Credit Card
Choose your own credit line based on how much money you want to put down as a security deposit.
Initial deposits can be from $200 to $3,000. You can increase your credit line at any time by adding additional money to your security deposit, up to $3,000.
After 9 months, we review your account for a credit line increase. No additional deposit required!
Secured Credit Cards are great for people looking to build or rebuild credit and are available to people with all kinds of credit backgrounds.
Unlike a debit card or a pre-paid card, it helps build your credit history. We report your payment history to all three major credit-reporting agencies.
Get your FICO® Credit Score for free each month.
Fraud coverage if your card is lost or stolen. Access your account 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Get help staying on track with available Auto Pay and account alerts.
Card issued by Merrick Bank, Member FDIC.
Tips for Using a Secured Card Wisely
Getting a secured card is only the first step. You must use the card in a smart manner to get the most benefit from it.
You might find yourself tempted to put the card away and never use it. That approach provides limited value for your credit score. It just shows up on your credit report as available credit.
You want to use the credit, a little, to prove you can use it responsibly. One way you can do that is through occasional small purchases.
For example, you can buy a parent or sibling a small gift they need, such as a blender or microwave. Then you pay that off over the course of a few months or in full at the end of the month.
Pay for minor car maintenance with it, like an oil change. Most oil changes come in under $75, which makes it something you can reasonably pay off in a month or two. You also get something useful and necessary out of the deal.
Don’t use your card for impulse purchases. Your credit limit might cover the cost of a video game or new jacket you want. Give yourself a two-day cooling off period and then ask: “Is that the best use of my credit card?” In most instances, the answer is no. Those kinds of purchases eat up credit you might need for an emergency, without providing much value in return.
Is There a Downside to Secured Cards?
Secured cards can have higher interest rates—dubbed annual percentage rate or APR—than other credit lines, though APRs vary a lot from card to card. There are many secured cards that have better APRs than traditional credit cards—especially rewards credit cards that charge higher interest rates to make up for the rewards you earn.
For example, the Applied Bank® Secured Visa® Gold Preferred® Credit Card at publication time has an ongoing APR of just 9.99% Fixed and the First Progress Platinum Prestige Mastercard® Secured Credit Card an ongoing APR of 15.24% Variable APR for Purchases.
Like any credit card, secured credit cards may charge an annual fee. Fees tend to range from $29 to $50. But, like traditional credit cards, there are secured cards that have no annual fee.
If you’re dreaming of earning points or cash-back with a secured card, you’re out of luck. These cards don’t come with added perks outside of helping you build credit. But, if you use it right and do build your credit, you’ll be on your way to qualifying for a rewards credit card before you know it.
Always make sure you understand exactly what the company offers before you apply. That way you can get a card that better suits your situation.
Parting Thoughts on Secured Credit Cards
You can answer the question, what is a secured credit card, by saying it’s an opportunity to build your credit.
When you can’t get an unsecured credit card, it makes rebuilding your credit more difficult. A secured credit card lets you establish that you can use credit responsibly, make on-time payments and keep an account in good standing.
Credit.com helps consumers by providing practical information about getting and using credit. To help you track your quest for better credit, and to find out where you stand before applying for a new credit card, get your free Experian credit score, right here on Credit.com. Your score includes a free credit report card that helps you track where you stand on payment history, debt usage, credit history, account mix and credit inquiries and how you can improve each area.
A judgment is an order issued by a judge or jury to settle a lawsuit. This decision details the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each party. For example, if you fail to pay a debt, the lender can take you to court. In this case, the judge may order you to pay the other party as part of the court’s final judgment.
The order can be issued in one of two forms:
A monetary judgment: A judgment that orders one party to pay the other party a specific amount of money.
A nonmonetary judgment: A judgment that involves a nonmonetary type of resolution, such as the exchange of property or services. For example, a contractor may be ordered to complete a service for a client.
There are several classifications for judgments, including:
In personam: This is the most common civil judgment classification. It occurs when one party is liable to another.
In rem: Rather than involving personal liability, in rem judgments hold liability over a specific item, such as property.
Quasi in rem: Quasi in rem judgments consider the legal rights of individuals and not necessarily all parties involved.
Ultimately, if you don’t pay a debt, the lender or bill collector can file a lawsuit against you to recoup the money. The judge or jury determines if and how much money you owe. These terms are laid out in the final judgment.
What Is a Judgment on Property?
Your property includes both physical items and money. That means judgment creditors can seek debt payment from more than your wages and bank accounts. They may also take back a car you financed or other personal property. Another option is placing a lien on some of your property, such as your home.
What Property Can Be Taken to Settle a Judgment?
Creditors must follow the law when applying a judgment to take, or seize, your property. Some things are exempt—which means they can’t touch those items or properties. Some examples include the home you live in, the furnishings inside it, and your clothes. State laws identify these items and set limits based on their value.
Non-exempt property can be taken to help meet a judgment debt. Your creditor can take or leverage these possessions in the following ways:
Wage attachments. This is known as wage garnishment. When your employer receives the proper legal notice, they must withhold a percentage of your wages. These payments are sent to the judgment creditor until your debt is paid. The Consumer Credit Protection Act caps these types of garnishments. The limit is 25% of your disposable weekly wages or the amount you earn that’s above 30 times the minimum wage. The lessor of these two amounts applies. Some states set the cap even lower.
Nonwage garnishment. If you’re retired, unemployed, or self-employed, your bank account may be garnished instead. Here, too, there are exemptions. Veterans payments, social security, and disability benefits are not eligible for nonwage garnishment. Some states add even more restrictions to the garnishment of bank funds.
Property liens. If you own real estate, your judgment creditor may file a legal claim against it. These liens notify lenders of the creditor’s rights to your property. That way, if you sell your real property, the debt must be paid out of the proceeds. In many states, liens are placed automatically when a judgment is entered.
Property levies. Judgments may also allow some of your non-exempt personal property to be taken through a levy. Law enforcement may seize things like valuable collections or jewelry to be sold at auction. Sales proceeds are applied to your debt.
What Are the Types of Judgments?
Judgments come in many forms. Below is a look at the five types of judgments.
Satisfied judgment: A satisfied judgment means the debt is settled. This doesn’t necessarily mean you have paid the debt in full. It could mean there’s a new payment arrangement and you’re making regular payments.
Unsatisfied Judgment: An unsatisfied judgment means the debt is not settled yet. You’re expected to follow the court order and make payments on the outstanding debt. Until you make your final payment or come to another agreement with the other party, it will remain an unsatisfied judgment.
Vacated Judgment: If you don’t agree with the court’s initial judgment, you have the right to appeal that decision. If the judge decides to dismiss the case, the initial order becomes a vacated judgment.
Summary Judgment: If both parties agree to the basic facts of the case, either party may request to skip the trial and go straight to a summary judgment. The judge issues this final judgment without going through the process of holding a trial.
Renewed Judgment: Some states allow creditors to seek a new judgment for specific reasons. If this happens, the judge may issue a renewed judgment. This judgment may void the initial judgment or serve as an additional order.
Three Ways of Getting a Judgment
There are several ways a civil judgment can be determined.
1. Judgment After Trial
As the name suggests, a judgment after trial is a decision that occurs only after a trial. Once the judge or jury hears all the evidence and makes a final decision, the judge issues a formal judgment in the case.
2. Consent Judgment
A consent judgment occurs when both parties negotiate a final settlement. The judge must approve this final agreement, which is done by issuing a formal consent judgment.
3. Default Judgment
A default judgment occurs when the defendant fails to respond to a summons and complaint. In this case, the judge issues a default judgment in favor of the plaintiff without hearing any evidence from the defendant.
Can Judgments Affect Your Credit?
Judgments can’t directly impact your credit because the details of these orders aren’t part of your credit report. However, it’s likely that issues leading up to the final judgment could affect your credit. For example, your payment history can remain on your credit report for up to seven years. If you have any missing or late payments that led to the judgment, this history can impact your credit score.
A judgment could also have a positive effect on your credit. For example, once the debt is paid, the account balance should change to zero on your credit report. This could help lower the amount of debt you owe, which could impact your credit utilization rate.
Once the judge issues a judgment, you can use Credit.com’s Free Credit Score service to see if it had any effect on your score. As you work to rebuild your credit, you can enroll in Credit.com’s ExtraCredit® program to monitor your credit score over time.
What Is a Judgment on a Credit Report?
Judgments aren’t reported on your credit report and don’t directly impact your credit score. However, judgments are public records, so lenders could still have access to this information. This could affect your ability to secure credit in the future.
What Happens After a Judgment Is Entered Against You?
Once the judge enters a judgment, both parties must abide by the order. For example, you must pay the amount of money ordered by the judge, and the creditor must mark the account paid in full once payment is made. If you can’t pay the amount all at once, you may be able to set up a payment arrangement. You’re legally obligated to make these payments.
What Happens After a Judgment Is Entered Against You?
The court enters a judgment against you if your creditor wins their claim or you fail to show up to court. You should receive a notice of the judgment entry in the mail. The judgment creditor can then use that court judgment to try to collect money from you. Common methods include wage garnishment, property attachments, and property liens.
State laws determine how much money and what types of property a judgment creditor can collect from you. These laws vary. So, you need to look to your own state for the rules that apply. A consumer law attorney can help you understand your state’s laws on judgment collections.
What Is the Difference Between a Civil Judgment and a Criminal Judgment?
There’s a major difference between civil court and criminal court.
A civil court typically involves disputes between two parties. For instance, it could involve a case between two individuals, two organizations, or one organization and one individual. These cases often pertain to a breach of contract, an unsettled debt or a lack of services.
Unless both parties agree to the facts of the case, the judge gives each party the opportunity to present evidence. For example, if a debt collector takes you to civil court for an unpaid bill, you can provide evidence of any payments you made. After hearing the evidence, the judge issues a final judgment, known as a civil judgment.
On the other hand, criminal court involves someone accused of breaking the law. The federal, state, or local government charges the accused party. If, after holding a trial, the defendant is found guilty or the defendant pleads guilty prior to the trial, the judge issues a criminal judgment. A sentence is issued later, which could include jail time or some other form of punishment.
What Can You Do to Avoid a Judgment?
Heading off a lawsuit is the best way to avoid a judgment. To do so, don’t ignore calls and correspondence from your creditor. Reach out to learn if they’ll accept suitable payment arrangements. Educate yourself on smart ways to pay debt collectors, and consider using the services of a debt management agency.
What if the loan company or debt collector has already started the lawsuit? Don’t skip court. Show up and fight. You may win if the statute of limitations has expired.
If you haven’t made a payment on an old debt for many years, you may have a successful legal defense. Most states set the time frame between four to six years. Collectors often still file suit because they win by default if you don’t show up. So, it’s important that you go to court with proof of your last date of payment.
If you successfully defeat or avoid a judgment, don’t stop there. Take some sensible steps to help you get out of and stay out of debt. Adopting these smart financial habits can also help prevent future judgment actions.
Additional FAQs about Judgments
How Long Can the Judgment Creditor Pursue Payment?
The answer depends on where you live, since state laws differ. Some states limit collection efforts to five to seven years. Others allow creditors to pursue repayment for more than 20 years. With the right to renew a judgment over and over in many states, it may last indefinitely.
Judgment renewals may be repeated as often as desired or limited to two or three times. This is another state-specific issue. Judgments can also lapse or become dormant. The creditor must then act within a specific time frame to revive it.
What Happens When You Can’t Pay a Judgment Filed Against You?
If you own a limited amount of property, it may all be exempt from judgment collection efforts. Also, you may not work or only work part-time. With the CCPA cap, that may mean you don’t earn enough for garnishment.
This inability to pay your debt is called being judgment proof, collection proof, or execution proof. While these circumstances exist, the judgment creditor has no legal way to collect on the debt. It’s not a permanent solution. The creditor may revisit collection efforts periodically for many years.
For a more permanent solution, you may want to consider filing bankruptcy. This process can discharge or eliminate most civil judgments for unpaid debt. Exceptions apply for things like child support, spousal support, student loans, and some property liens. Speak with a bankruptcy lawyer to learn whether this will help your situation.
Can You Settle a Judgment?
If you can afford to pay a decent lump sum, you may be able to negotiate a settlement. The judgment creditor may be willing to settle if they fear you will otherwise file bankruptcy. Get the terms and settlement amount you agree upon in writing. Be sure the creditor agrees to file a satisfaction of judgment with the court after they receive your pay off.
Can a Judgment Be Challenged or Reversed?
Challenging and overturning a judgment is difficult but not always impossible. This is the case if there were errors. Perhaps you weren’t notified of the suit or it was never your debt to begin with. Consult with an attorney to find out whether you have grounds to challenge the decision.
If you want to challenge a judgment, act fast. If you received prior notice of the case, you may have up to six months to reopen it. If you weren’t notified, you likely have up to two years to appeal. By reopening the case, you have the opportunity to fight the claim anew.
Do Credit Reports Still Include Judgments?
For many years, credit reports included judgment information. But that changed in 2017. The National Consumer Assistance Plan is responsible for creating more accurate credit data requirements. These changes resulted in the removal of civil debt judgments from credit reports.
Judgments are still a matter of public record. But the NCAP now requires that there be identifying information on these records for more accuracy. That data includes a social security number or date of birth along with the consumer’s name and address.
Public records cannot include this type of identifying information. It would violate privacy laws. This is the reason these judgments are no longer reported on credit files.
How Do You Find Out if You Have Any Judgments Against You?
You should receive a summons when you’re being sued. So, you can expect a default judgment will follow if you don’t show up in court. You can also expect a notification when a judgment is entered against you.
Mistakes happen, though. You may have missed the notice or moved to a new address. If that happens, you may not learn of the judgment until collection actions start.
What if You Find a Judgment on Your Credit Report?
Take action if you learn that judgments are still being reported by Equifax, Experian, or Trans Union. The NCAP eliminated this practice, so if there’s a judgment on your report, this is definitely something that you should dispute. Credit repair services, like Lexington Law Firm*, can help you challenge the errors on your behalf with the credit bureaus and request that they correct your report.
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Disclosure: Credit.com and CreditRepair.com are both owned by the same company, Progrexion Holdings Inc. John C Heath, Attorney at Law, PC, d/b/a Lexington Law Firm is an independent law firm that uses Progrexion as a provider of business and administrative services.
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
Some credit facts you need to know are your credit score is based on five key factors, FICO credit scores range from 300 to 850, checking your own credit won’t hurt your score, and twelve more facts outlined below.
With all of the misleading and incorrect information about credit floating around, it’s no wonder some of us feel lost when it comes to our credit reports and credit scores. Fortunately, we’re here to help set everything straight with these simple and clear explanations.
We’ve taken the time to compile the most important credit facts you need to know to understand your credit and everything that impacts it. Just as importantly, we’re setting the record straight when it comes to credit myths that have been lingering for too long. Read on to learn everything you’ve always wanted to know about credit.
1. Your credit score is based on five key factors
Most lenders make their decisions using FICO credit scores, which are based on five key factors. That means that when you apply for a new credit card or loan, these are the primary influences on whether you’ll end up getting approved. Here are the five factors, in order of importance: payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, credit mix and new credit inquiries.
35% – Payment history. Your ability to consistently make payments has the biggest impact on your score. Having late and missed payments is detrimental to your credit score, while a streak of on-time payments has a positive effect.
30% – Credit utilization. Your utilization measures how much of your available credit you’re using across all of your cards. By using one-third or less of your total credit limit, you could help improve your credit.
15% – Length of credit history. In general, having a longer credit history is helpful, though it depends on how responsibly you’ve used credit over time. Using credit well over time signals to lenders that you can be trusted to manage your finances.
10% – New credit. Applying for new credit leads to hard inquiries, which can negatively impact your credit score. Spacing out your new credit applications—and only applying for credit when you need it—helps your score.
10% – Credit mix. Having a variety of different types of credit—like credit cards, an auto loan or a mortgage—can influence your score as well. A diverse credit portfolio demonstrates your ability to successfully manage different types of credit.
With the knowledge of exactly how your score gets calculated, you can make smarter decisions with credit.
Bottom line: Credit scores aren’t as mysterious as they first appear, and you have control over all of the factors that determine your score.
2. Credit reports are different than credit scores
Although they are related, a credit report and a credit score are different. Also, it’s a bit misleading to talk about a single credit report or a single credit score, because the reality is that you have several different credit reports, and your credit score can be calculated in many different ways.
A credit report is a collection of information about your credit behaviors, like the accounts you have and when you make payments. Three main bureaus—Experian, Equifax and TransUnion—each publish a separate credit report about you.
A credit score uses the information in your credit report to create a numerical representation of your creditworthiness. In other words, all of the information in your report is simplified into a single number that gives lenders an idea of how likely you are to repay a debt.
Surprisingly, your credit report does not include a credit score. Instead, lenders who access your report use formulas to determine a score when you apply for credit. The most common scoring models are FICO and VantageScore, but lenders can make modifications to the calculations to give more weight to areas that are more important to them.
Bottom line: You’ll want to be familiar with both your credit reports and your credit scores, as they each play a role in helping you obtain new credit.
3. Negative credit items will eventually come off your credit report
Negative items on your credit report can cause damage to your credit score. Negative items include late payments, collection accounts, foreclosures and repossessions.
Although these items can lead to significant drops in your credit score, their effect is not permanent. Over time, negative items have a smaller and smaller impact on your score, as long as your credit behaviors improve so that more recent items are more favorable.
Additionally, most negative items should remain on your report for seven years at the most due to the regulations set by the Fair Credit Reporting Act. A bankruptcy, on the other hand, can last up to 10 years in some cases.
Bottom line: Negative items can cause a decrease in your credit score, but they aren’t permanent. Start building new credit behaviors and your score can recover over time.
4. FICO credit scores range from 300 to 850
One of the most common credit scoring models is produced by the Fair Isaac Corporation, also known as FICO. While you may hear “FICO score” and “credit score” used interchangeably, there are in fact several different scoring models, so you could have a different credit score depending on which lender or financial institution you’re working with. The score you’re assigned by FICO will usually always be in a range from 300 to 850.
Accessing your FICO score gives you the chance to have a high-level overview of your credit health. Scores that are considered good, very good or exceptional often make it much easier to get new credit cards or loans when you need them. On the other hand, scores that are fair or poor can make getting new credit more difficult.
Here’s an overview of the FICO scoring ranges:
800 – 850: Exceptional
740 – 799: Very Good
670 – 739: Good
580 – 669: Fair
300 – 579: Poor
Remember, though: credit scores are not fixed and permanent. Your score responds to factors like payments, utilization and credit history, so positive decisions now will benefit your score in the long term.
Bottom line: The FICO scoring ranges lay out broad categories to give you a sense of how you’re doing with credit—and can also help you set a goal for where you want to be.
5. The majority of lenders use FICO scores when making decisions
While there are multiple credit scoring models, the majority of lenders check FICO scores when making decisions. That means that when you apply for new credit—whether it’s a credit card, a loan or a mortgage—the score that’s more likely to matter is your FICO score.
That’s important to know, because many free credit monitoring services will show you score estimates or your VantageScore. Some credit card companies provide a FICO score, however, and you can also request to see the credit score that lenders used to make their decision during the application process.
Fortunately, credit scoring models tend to reference the same data and weight factors fairly similarly. That means if you make on-time payments, keep your utilization low, avoid opening up too many new accounts and have a consistent credit history with a variety of accounts, you’ll probably be in good shape regardless.
Bottom line: Knowing your FICO score can help you have an idea of how lenders will view your application for new credit.
6. You have many different types of credit scores
Credit scores vary based on the credit bureau reporting them and the credit scoring model used. The major credit bureaus all have slightly different information regarding your credit history. This means that these three, along with other credit reporting agencies, report several FICO credit scores to lenders to account for different information they’ve collected.
There are also different scores specific to particular industries. For example, auto lenders review different risk factors than mortgage lenders, so the scores each lender receives might differ. Although it can get confusing, the most important things to remember are the five core factors that affect your credit score.
Bottom line: Although many people reference their credit score in the singular, the truth is that there are many different types of credit scores that take into account different factors.
7. Checking your own credit won’t hurt your score
Many people believe that checking their credit score or credit report hurts their credit, but fortunately, this isn’t true. Getting a copy of your credit report or checking your score doesn’t affect your credit score. These actions are called “soft” inquiries into your credit, and while they are noted on your credit report, they shouldn’t have any effect on your score.
Hard inquiries, on the other hand, are noted when lenders look at your credit during an application process—and these can temporarily reduce your score. This is used to discourage you from applying for new credit too frequently. However, the effect is typically small, and after a couple of years the notation of a hard inquiry will leave your report.
Bottom line: You can check your own credit report and credit score without any negative effect—and we actually encourage you to do so to stay on top of your credit health.
8. You can check your credit score and credit reports for free
There are three main ways to check your credit for free. You’ll likely want to take a look at both your credit reports and your credit scores. Here’s how to get a hold of both of those:
You’re entitled to a free credit report once each year by visiting AnnualCreditReport.com, a government-sponsored website that gives you access to your reports from TransUnion, Experian and Equifax.
You may be able to check your credit score free by contacting your bank or credit card company. Additionally, many free services—like Mint—enable you to monitor your score for free. Just make sure to note which kind of credit score you’re seeing, because there are many different scoring methods.
The information you find in your credit report lays out the factors that determine your credit score. By scanning your report closely, you’ll likely find out the best strategy for improving your score—for instance, by improving your payment history or lowering your utilization.
Bottom line: Information about your credit is freely available, so take advantage of those resources to stay on top of your credit report and score.
9. Your credit score can cost you money
Ultimately, the purpose of credit scores is to help lenders determine whether they should offer you new credit, like a loan or a credit card. A lower score indicates that you may be at greater risk for default—which means the lender has to worry that you won’t pay back your debts.
To offset this risk, lenders often deny credit applications for those with lower scores, or they extend credit with high interest rates. These interest rates can cost you a lot of money over time, so working to improve your credit score can have a measurable effect on your financial life.
Consider, for example, a $25,000 auto loan. With a fair credit score, you may secure an interest rate of 5.3 percent—so you’ll pay a total of $3,513 in interest over five years. With an excellent credit score, your rate could drop to 3.1 percent, and you’ll save nearly $1,500 in interest charges over that same five-year period.
Bottom line: A good credit score can have a positive impact on your finances, and a bad score can cost you money in interest charges.
10. Canceling old credit cards can lower your score
If you have a credit card that you’re no longer using, you may be tempted to close the account entirely. Before doing that, though, consider how it could impact your credit score.
Recall that two credit factors are utilization and length of credit history. Closing an old account could affect one or both of those factors when it comes to calculating your score.
Your credit utilization could drop after closing an account because your credit limit will likely be lower. Since utilization represents all of your balances divided by your total credit limit, your utilization will go up if your credit limit goes down (and if your balances stay the same).
Your length of credit history could be lowered if you close an older account that is raising the average age of your credit.
Some people worry that having a zero balance on their credit card can negatively impact their score. This is just a credit myth. A zero balance means you aren’t using the card to make any purchases. Keeping the credit card open while not using it actually works to your benefit. You’re able to contribute to the length of your credit history, while not risking the chance of debt and late payments.
You may need to use the card every now and then to avoid having it closed. Additionally, if the card has an annual fee, you may need to close the card or ask to have the card downgraded to a version that does not have a fee. Still, if there’s a way to keep the card open, it’s often good to do so even if you don’t plan to regularly use it.
Bottom line: An old credit card can benefit your credit score even if you aren’t using it anymore.
11. You can still get a loan with bad credit
It’s true that getting a loan can be more difficult with bad credit, but it’s not impossible. There are bad credit loans specifically for people with lower credit scores. Note, however, that these loans often come with higher interest rates—or they require some sort of collateral that the lender can use to secure the loan. That means if you don’t pay your loan back, the lender will be able to seize the property you put up as collateral.
If you don’t need a loan immediately, you could consider trying to rebuild your credit before applying. There are credit builder loans, which are specifically designed to help you build up a strong payment history and improve your credit in the process. Unlike a traditional loan, you pay for a credit builder loan each month and then receive the sum after your final payment. Since these loans represent no risk to lenders, they’re often willing to extend them to people with poor credit history looking to raise their score.
Bottom line: You can get a loan even with bad credit—but sometimes it’s wise to find ways to raise your score before applying.
12. Credit scores aren’t the only deciding factor for lending decisions
While credit scores are important in lending decisions, lenders may take other factors into account when deciding whether to offer you new credit. For example, your income and employment can play a significant role in your approval odds. Additionally, some loans (like auto loans and mortgages) are secured by collateral that the lender can seize if you default. These loans may be considered less risky for the lender in certain cases because the asset can help offset any losses from nonpayment.
In many cases, your debt-to-income ratio is also an important factor in whether you’re approved for a loan or credit card. Lenders consider your current monthly debt payments (from all sources) as well as your monthly income to determine whether you may be overextended financially.
Two different people may pay $1,500 each month for student loans, a car payment and a mortgage. That said, if one individual makes $3,500 each month and the other makes $8,000 each month, their situations will be considered very differently by a potential lender.
Bottom line: Keeping your credit score high can help you secure credit when you need it, but you’ll want to stay on top of all aspects of your financial health.
13. Your credit report can help you spot fraud
Regularly checking your credit report can help you notice fraud or identity theft. If someone is using your information to open accounts, they will show up on your credit report.
If you notice an account that you did not open, you’ll want to start taking steps to protect your identity from any further damage. You may also want to freeze or lock your credit, which prevents anyone from using your information to open up more accounts.
Bottom line: Reviewing your credit report provides you an opportunity to notice when something is amiss.
14. Joint accounts affect your credit scores, but you do not have joint scores
If you have a joint account with someone else, that account will be reflected on both of your credit reports. For example, a loan that was opened by you and your spouse will show up for both of you—and will affect both of your credit scores. That said, your credit history, credit report and credit score remain separate. No one—including married couples—has a joint credit report or joint credit score.
In addition to joint accounts, you may also have authorized users on your credit card, or be an authorized user yourself. Authorized users have access to account funds, but they are not liable for debts. That means that if you make someone an authorized user on your credit card, they can rack up charges, but you’ll be on the hook if they don’t pay.
Because joint account owners and authorized users can influence credit scores in significant ways, we advise you to be careful about who you open accounts with or provide authorization to.
Bottom line: Even though joint account owners and authorized users can influence someone else’s credit, there are no shared credit reports or joint credit scores.
15. Many credit reports contain inaccurate credit information
The Federal Trade Commission found that one in five people has an error on at least one of their credit reports, and these inaccuracies can greatly impact your credit. (Also see this 2015 follow-up study from the FTC for more information regarding credit report errors.) This is why you should frequently check your credit report and dispute any inaccurate information. For example, since payment history accounts for 30 percent of your credit score, one wrong late payment can significantly hurt your score.
It’s important to get your credit facts straight so you understand exactly how different things impact your score. One of the first things you should learn is how to read your credit report so you can quickly spot discrepancies and ensure that the information reported is fair and accurate.
After scrutinizing your credit report, you can look into other ways to fix your credit, like paying late or past-due accounts, so you can help your credit with your newfound knowledge. You can also take advantage of Lexington Law Firm’s credit repair services to get extra help and additional legal knowledge to assist you.
Bottom line: Your credit report could have inaccurate information that’s hurting your score unfairly. Fortunately, there is a credit dispute process that can help you clean up your report and ensure all of the information on it is correct.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Nature Lewis
Associate Attorney
Before joining Lexington Law as an Associate Attorney, Nature Lewis managed a successful practice representing tenants in Maricopa County.
Through her representation of tenants, Nature gained experience in Federal law, Family law, Probate, Consumer protection and Civil law. She received numerous accolades for her dedication to Tenant Protection in Arizona, including, John P. Frank Advocate for Justice Award in 2016, Top 50 Pro Bono Attorney of 2015, New Tenant Attorney of the Year in 2015 and Maricopa County Attorney of the Month in March 2015. Nature continued her dedication to pro bono work while volunteering at Community Legal Services’ Volunteer Lawyer’s Program and assisting victims of Domestic Violence at the local shelter. Nature is passionate about providing free knowledge to the underserved community and continues to hold free seminars about tenant rights and plans to incorporate consumer rights in her free seminars. Nature is a wife and mother of 5 children. She and her husband have been married for 24 years and enjoy traveling internationally, watching movies and promoting their indie published comic books!
Shopping for your first home is an exciting time. You are choosing a place to plant yourself and bloom for many years to come.
However, home shopping is not all fun and games. Not only do you have to find the perfect home, but also the right financing terms for your new mortgage. If you have bad credit, you are likely worried about your mortgage options.
As a first-time homebuyer, the process of buying a home can be overwhelming. Before you lose hope, it is entirely possible to secure a home loan with bad credit. Many mortgage lenders offer subprime home loans that work specifically with borrowers with poor credit. We will dive into the details to help you get through the first-time home-buying process more easily.
How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Home Loan
Typically, lenders that approve loans to borrowers with bad credit offer less than favorable terms. In most cases, you can expect to pay a higher interest rate.
A slightly higher interest rate might not seem like a big deal. However, even a slight increase in your interest rate could result in thousands of dollars in interest payments over the course of your loan.
When you sort through your loan offers, make sure to run the numbers. You might not be willing to pay the premium rates for the opportunity to buy a home right now.
Other Factors that Mortgage Lenders Consider
As a borrower, your credit score is not the only factor lenders consider. Before a mortgage lender approves a large loan, it will look at various other factors, including:
The amount of money in your savings account. If you have a healthy savings account, that may offset your bad credit.
Income. The higher your income, the more likely you are to be approved.
Employment history. If you just landed a high paying job, then the lender might be less willing to work with you. However, consistently earning a high income for many years will strengthen your application.
Debt-to-income ratio. If you already have a high debt burden, then lenders may be less willing to work with you.
Current expenses. If your current rent payment is similar to the mortgage payment, then a lender may see that you are able to easily handle that expense.
When you go through the home buying process, expect to provide a lot of paperwork to verify this information. In many cases, you will be required to provide tax statements, paychecks, and more. However, if you stay organized throughout the process, your sanity will thank you later.
How to Secure Home Financing with Bad Credit
To qualify for a bad credit home loan, you will need to be willing to put in the time. Finding the best option for your situation may require some patience. Not all options will work for everyone, but it is likely that at least one option will work for everyone.
See Where You Stand
Before you start looking for homes, take a closer look at your financial health.
Start by checking your credit score. A free way to do this is through Credit Karma. Once you know where your credit score is, take the time to find your credit report. Once you have your credit report, read through for any errors. A mistake on your credit report may be dragging your score down. If you find any mistakes, you can dispute them.
After digging into your credit score, take a step back. Assess your savings. Have you grown it steadily? Either way, it is crucial to understand exactly how much house you can afford.
Consider Saving for a Larger Down Payment
One way to secure a mortgage loan with more favorable terms with bad credit is to provide a larger down payment. Bigger down payments give the mortgage lender reassurance that you are able to repay the loan.
For conventional loans, banks typically require a down payment of at least 20%, but there are many options for a lower down payment. But you can usually secure better terms if you wait until you’ve saved a sizable down payment.
Find A Lender that Will Work with You
Not every lender is willing to work with bad credit borrowers. Although, you may not be able to secure a conventional loan from a well-known bank, it is entirely possible to find a lender.
If you have bad credit, you’ll need to find a lender that offers subprime home loans or that works with government-backed programs.
Luckily, many mortgage lenders are likely willing to work with you. The tricky part can be finding your choices. Check out our top mortgage lenders to get started.
Financing Options for First Time Homebuyers with Bad Credit
The federal government offers several assistance programs for buying your first home. Take a minute to find out if you qualify for any of these programs.
FHA Loans
If you have bad credit, an FHA loan might be your best option. The minimum credit score to qualify for an FHA loan is just 500! Of course, some mortgage lenders may require a slightly higher score to approve you. But you can shop around to find a lender willing to work with you.
If your credit score is between 500 and 579, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) requires a minimum down payment of at least 10%. However, if you have a minimum credit score of 580, you’ll only be required to put down 3.5%.
With FHA loans, a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is required along with an upfront MIP fee of 1.75% of the loan amount.
As a first-time homebuyer with bad credit, the benefits of this program can help your home purchase go smoothly.
USDA Loans
If you are willing to live in a rural community, a USDA loan could be a suitable option. These loans are guaranteed by the United States Department of Agriculture, and don’t private mortgage insurance (PMI).
Typically, you’ll need a minimum credit score of 640 to score a USDA loan. However, a lower credit score does not automatically disqualify you.
If you have a low credit score, then the lender will look more closely at other contributing factors before deciding on your loan application. You may need to prove that your credit was damaged by something outside your control or provide credit references like utility statements to prove your creditworthiness.
VA Loans
A VA home loan is guaranteed by the Department of Veteran Affairs. If you meet the requirements of service, then you could qualify for a no down payment option to secure the home of your dreams.
In contrast to traditional lenders, the VA home loan program has less strict requirements when it comes to their loans. The goal of the program is to get the bravest in our nation into a safe home. With that, lenders that provide VA-backed loans can offer loans to borrowers with lower credit scores.
Almost every member or veteran of the military, reserve, or National Guard is eligible to apply for these loans. The first step you should take is to secure your Certificate of Eligibility. With that, you’ll be able to apply for a VA loan with an approved lender.
See also: How to Get a VA Loan with Bad Credit
Research State Assistance Programs
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development works to provide affordable homeownership options throughout the country. In many states, they offer first-time homebuyers assistance.
Depending on your area and income, the type of assistance may vary. For example, in some areas, you may qualify for a down payment grant that will help you secure your home purchase. With a higher down payment, you may be able to offset the negative effects of your poor credit score.
Compare Mortgage Rates
Once you have determined the best path for you, it is time to compare lenders. If you take the time to shop around for the best loan terms, you stand to save thousands of dollars over the course of your loan.
Shopping around for the right lender might be the most important part of your entire home buying process. Find a lender that you are comfortable with and that is willing to work with your poor credit score.
Work on Your Credit Score
A surefire way to secure better mortgage terms is to improve your credit score. If you can wait on your home purchase, then you might have a stronger loan application.
Improving your credit score will take time. But if you put in the effort the long-term benefits are worth it. Not only will you be more likely to be approved for loans, but also will likely pay less in interest payments.
To start improving your credit score make sure to pay bills on time and work towards paying off your debt.
First-Time Home Buyer with Bad Credit FAQs
Can I buy a house with bad credit?
Yes, it is possible to get a home loan with bad credit. However, the interest rate and other loan terms may be more expensive than if you had good credit.
You may also need to have a bigger down payment and show proof of income. However, there are also lenders who specialize in offering mortgages to people with low credit scores.
What are the requirements for getting a mortgage with bad credit?
Have a steady income: Lenders want to know that you have a consistent income, so they will want to see evidence of your income such as pay stubs or W2s.
Have enough money saved for a down payment: With poor credit, most lenders will require a down payment of at least 5-10% of the purchase price.
Accept higher interest rates and fees: With a weak credit history, you may be required to pay higher interest rates and fees.
Find a cosigner: Having a cosigner can help you get approved for a mortgage with bad credit. The cosigner will be held responsible for the loan if you are unable to make your monthly mortgage payments.
What do mortgage lenders consider a bad credit score?
Lenders generally consider a credit score below 580 to be bad credit. Lenders may also consider scores between 580 and 669 to be fair credit. Credit scores of 670 or higher are typically considered good credit.
What is the minimum credit score needed for a mortgage?
Minimum credit scores needed for a mortgage varies by lender, but typically a score of 620 or higher is required for conventional loans, and a score of 500 or higher is required for FHA loans.
The minimum credit score needed for USDA loans is typically 640, and the minimum credit score needed for VA loans is typically 620.
What type of mortgage loan is best for someone with bad credit?
The best type of loan for someone with bad credit is usually an FHA loan. These loans are typically easier to qualify for than other types of loans, as they have more lenient credit score minimums and down payment requirements.
What other factors do lenders consider when evaluating my loan application?
Lenders will typically look at your credit score and credit report to assess your creditworthiness. They may also consider your down payment, debt-to-income ratio (DTI), income, employment history, and assets when evaluating your loan application.
Your down payment can show lenders that you are committed to the loan, and can also help to reduce the amount of the loan. Your DTI ratio is a measure of how much of your income is going towards paying off your existing debts. A higher DTI ratio can indicate to lenders that you may not be able to afford a loan.
Your income, employment history, and assets provide further evidence that you are a reliable borrower, and can help to establish your ability to repay the loan.
What is a conventional loan?
A conventional loan is a type of loan that is issued by private lenders and purchased by government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
How can I improve my credit scores?
Pay your bills on time: Payment history is the most important factor in your credit score, so be sure to make payments on all your bills on time.
Keep credit card balances low: Your credit utilization ratio, or the amount of available credit you are using, makes up 30% of your credit score. Try to keep your credit card balances low by using no more than 30% of your credit limit.
Don’t open too many new accounts: Opening too many accounts in a short period of time can be a red flag for lenders and can hurt your credit score.
Check your credit report: Make sure to regularly check your credit report for errors or other negative information that can hurt your score.
Consider a credit builder loan: Credit builder loans are designed to help people with no or low credit build a payment history and improve their credit score over time.
Bottom Line
Purchasing the home of your dreams with bad credit is not impossible. You will need to put in the time to figure out which path is the right one for you.
Once you see your financial path to your home, make steps towards that goal every single day. Your new home is not as far away as you think!
When it comes to buying a home, the significance of securing a mortgage with a competitive rate cannot be overstated. Imagine finding your dream home, only to realize the financial burden of a less-than-ideal mortgage rate.
This is where the expertise of a mortgage broker becomes invaluable. With their in-depth understanding of the mortgage landscape and access to a broad network of lenders, mortgage brokers play a crucial role in ensuring you don’t just find a loan, but the best possible loan for your situation.
Consider the impact: A difference of even 0.5% in your mortgage rate could mean saving or spending thousands over the life of your mortgage loan. In today’s market, where every little saving counts, the right mortgage rate can significantly affect your monthly budget and long-term financial planning.
Mortgage brokers offer a streamlined path through the complex process of loan comparison and application, saving you time, stress, and most importantly, money. Whether you’re in the process of home buying for the first time or looking to add to your portfolio, understanding the value a mortgage broker brings to the table is the first step towards securing your financial future.
What a Mortgage Broker Does
A mortgage broker serves as your ally in the journey toward homeownership, offering more than just a bridge to potential lenders. They dive into the vast sea of mortgage options, evaluating lenders and loan programs with an expert eye to pinpoint the ones that align with your unique financial landscape. But how exactly do they accomplish this? Let’s break it down.
Tailoring the Search to Your Financial Profile
Every homebuyer’s financial situation is distinct, with varying income levels, credit histories, and long-term goals. Mortgage brokers start by understanding these intricacies.
They assess your financial health, scrutinize your income, credit score, and debt-to-income ratio, and then use this information to filter through loan options. This personalized approach ensures that the recommendations they provide are not just any loans, but loans tailored to your specific needs.
Evaluating Lenders and Loan Programs
Mortgage brokers don’t just randomly select lenders. They perform a comprehensive analysis, comparing interest rates, loan terms, and qualification criteria across a wide spectrum of lenders.
This includes major banks, credit unions, and niche financing companies, some of which you might not have access to on your own. Their goal is to find you a loan that not only has competitive rates but also favorable terms that match your financial situation.
Overcoming Financial Challenges
Consider a scenario where a borrower has a solid income but a less-than-stellar credit score. A mortgage broker can identify lenders who are more lenient or specialized in handling similar profiles. Or, for self-employed individuals, brokers are aware of which lenders are more receptive to non-traditional income documentation, making what might seem like a daunting process simpler in finding suitable options.
Check Out Our Top Picks for 2024:
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How a Mortgage Broker Can Help You
Engaging with a mortgage broker can significantly elevate your home buying journey, offering bespoke assistance that aligns with your unique financial and personal circumstances. Here’s a deeper dive into the ways a mortgage broker can be indispensable to prospective homeowners.
Streamlining the Loan Comparison Process
Mortgage brokers excel in their ability to filter through the vast array of loan options, identifying those that best fit your financial situation and home buying goals. This service is invaluable, saving you considerable time and effort that would otherwise be spent navigating through complex loan terms and conditions on your own.
Expert Negotiations on Your Behalf
With their extensive knowledge of the mortgage industry and relationships with multiple lenders, brokers are adept at negotiating terms that may not be directly accessible to you. This can include lower interest rates, reduced fees, or more favorable loan terms, directly impacting your financial well-being over the life of your mortgage.
Handling Paperwork and Coordination
The home loan process involves a significant amount of paperwork, from application forms to financial disclosures. A mortgage broker helps you compile the necessary documentation and ensures that all paperwork is completed accurately and submitted promptly, minimizing delays or issues.
Providing Tailored Financial Solutions
Brokers are particularly valuable for buyers with unique financial backgrounds — such as self-employed individuals, those with variable incomes, or buyers with a complex credit history. They have the expertise to find lenders who are more flexible with their lending criteria, providing solutions that might not be available through traditional channels.
Ongoing Support and Guidance
From the initial consultation to closing, a mortgage broker offers continuous support and guidance. They can clarify complex terms, answer questions, and provide updates throughout the process, ensuring you’re well-informed and confident in your decisions.
The Pros and Cons of Using A Mortgage Broker
Utilizing a mortgage broker comes with a host of advantages, but it’s important to consider the full picture. Let’s explore the nuanced benefits and potential drawbacks, enriched with real-life examples, for a more comprehensive understanding.
Pros
Access to Expertise and Options
One significant advantage is the broker’s role as an expert guide through the complex mortgage landscape. Their access to a broad array of lenders means they can offer various loan options tailored to your specific needs.
Case Study: Overcoming High Debt Ratios
For instance, a family with a high debt-to-income ratio was able to secure a favorable mortgage through a broker who knew which lenders offered more lenient qualification criteria, turning a challenging situation into a home-buying success story.
Cons
While brokers can offer invaluable assistance, there are considerations to keep in mind. Awareness of these aspects can help you make informed decisions.
Variability in Rates and Terms
It’s crucial to remember that not all deals brokered are set in stone. Interest rates and terms can fluctuate, which means the initial estimates might change. Engaging in open discussions about these possibilities can prepare you for any adjustments.
Direct Deals Might Be More Beneficial
In some cases, directly engaging with loan officers at your financial institution might offer more competitive mortgage options. It’s worth speaking to a loan officer at your bank or credit union to see what they have to offer before making a decision. This direct approach can sometimes yield benefits, especially if you have a strong relationship or history with the financial institution.
Mitigating the Drawbacks
Understanding how to leverage the benefits while minimizing the downsides involves clear communication with your broker about all potential options and staying informed about your own financial institution’s offerings.
The Cost of Hiring a Mortgage Broker
When considering the services of a mortgage broker, it’s important to understand how they are compensated for their expertise. Most often, mortgage broker fees are paid by the lenders, though there are situations where the borrower might cover these costs. This flexibility in the payment structure means that, in many instances, engaging a broker may not result in direct out-of-pocket expenses for you.
Brokers typically earn their income through commissions, which are usually between 1% and 2% of the loan’s total amount at closing. These costs can often be incorporated into your mortgage, becoming part of the loan’s overall financial setup. Despite the potential fees, the financial benefits that brokers can provide often far outweigh these costs.
In addition to their commission, brokers might also receive compensation through loan origination fees, administrative charges, upfront fees, or a yield-spread premium. Having a transparent conversation about the broker’s fee structure early on is crucial to avoid any surprises later in the process.
Although the idea of paying additional fees for a broker might seem significant, it is a strategic investment. The savings on your mortgage interest over time can substantially surpass the cost of the broker’s fee, making their services a valuable asset in your home buying or refinancing journey.
Finding the Right Mortgage Broker for You
With the abundance of mortgage brokers available, selecting the right one can seem daunting. Here are strategic steps to ensure you partner with a broker who best suits your needs:
Seek referrals from people you trust, like family, friends, or your real estate agent.
Confirm their professional credentials through the National Mortgage Licensing System.
Look for membership in recognized industry associations, such as the National Association of Mortgage Brokers, as a sign of professionalism and integrity.
Research online reviews to gauge their reputation and client satisfaction.
Discuss their fee structure upfront to understand how they are compensated.
Consult the Better Business Bureau to check for any complaints or issues.
Bottom Line: The Value of a Mortgage Broker
While searching for the ideal home loan can seem overwhelming, the right mortgage broker can significantly reduce your stress and workload. Their expertise and services not only simplify the loan comparison and application process but can also lead to significant savings on interest, making their cost a worthwhile investment in your financial future.
By carefully selecting a broker who aligns with your needs and financial goals, you position yourself to secure a mortgage that benefits you in the long term, both financially and personally.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need to use a mortgage broker to get a mortgage?
No, you are not required to use a mortgage broker to get a mortgage. You can also apply for a mortgage with a direct lender, such as a bank or credit union.
How do mortgage brokers make money?
Mortgage brokers typically earn a commission from the lender for successfully arranging a mortgage. This commission is typically a percentage of the loan amount. They may also charge you a fee as part of your closing costs.
How do I choose a mortgage broker?
If you decide to work with a local broker, make sure they are experienced, reputable, and have a proven track record. You can ask for recommendations from friends and family, or research mortgage brokers online to find one that meets your needs.
Can a mortgage broker help me if I have bad credit?
A mortgage broker may be able to help you secure a mortgage even if you have less than perfect credit. However, you may have to pay a higher interest rate or provide a bigger down payment to compensate for the increased risk to the lender.
Can a mortgage broker help me with refinancing my mortgage?
Yes, a broker can help you with refinancing your mortgage. They can work with you to find a lender that offers the best terms for your specific needs and help you navigate the refinancing process.