Are you in the market for a new home? Are you considering refinancing your current home? In either case, you’ve likely faced some hurdles. After all, there’s a limited number of homes available on the market today and that fact in combination with high mortgage rates can make it difficult to find affordable options. However, there are still smart buying options available – especially if you have a strong credit score and overall application.
Of course, if you’re in the market for a new home or considering refinancing your home, it’s important to know what mortgage rates you can expect to see. We’ve compiled a list of today’s average mortgage and refinance interest rates below.
Start here and compare the best mortgage rates you can qualify for today.
What are today’s mortgage and mortgage refinance rates?
The following rates are current as of April 1, 2024, according to national averages collected by Bankrate. While these are averages based on national data, actual rates that you can qualify for may vary depending on your location, credit, loan type and other factors.
Average mortgage rates today:
15-year mortgage: 6.34%
30-year mortgage: 6.88%
Average refinance rates today:
15-year refinance: 6.38%
30-year refinance: 6.88%
Find the best mortgage rates you can qualify for right now!
How to get a great mortgage or refinance rate today
Even though interest rates are higher than they were a few years ago, both new homebuyers and current homeowners looking to refinance can secure a good rate today. Plus, borrowers may soon see some relief if the Fed decides to pause rate hikes following its July rate increase.
“Over the past two years, as the Fed has increased interest rates, borrowing has become more expensive,” says Taylor Jessee, CFP, founder of Impact Financial. “For example, in 2020 you could lock in a mortgage rate between 2-3% easily. Nowadays mortgage rates are closer to 6-7%. If the Fed stops raising rates then I’d anticipate mortgage rates to also stop going up. That’s good news for borrowers.”
While the macro rate environment may be moving in your favor, there are also things you can do to improve your chances of qualifying for a great rate.
Perhaps most importantly, start by strengthening your credit profile. “The best rates go to borrowers with credit scores in the mid- to high-700s or above,” the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s website states. “These borrowers typically also have the most choices available to them.”
Pay your bills in full and on time each month, look for any errors on your credit report and avoid applying for other loans or credit cards too close to your mortgage or refinance application.
You should also shop around and compare different lenders. If you’re refinancing, specifically, don’t hesitate to look beyond your current mortgage lender. You may qualify for different rates and terms, which can make a big difference in what you pay over the lifetime of the loan.
Find the best mortgage refinance rates that you can qualify for here now.
What to look for in a mortgage or refinance loan
One of the first things you may want to consider when choosing a mortgage loan or refinancing is your preferred loan term. Shorter terms (15-year loans) generally offer better interest rates than longer terms (30-year).
Fees are another detail to factor into your overall payment. These can vary depending on your loan type and the closing costs charged by your lender. Both your fees and interest rate can affect your monthly payment. Before you take on any new loan, calculate your monthly payment to make sure you can afford it.
If you’re refinancing, make sure you compare all of the details of the new loan you’re approved for against your existing mortgage. Even if you get a better rate, other factors (like closing costs) could ultimately end up costing you more in the long run.
And don’t forget to lock in your mortgage rate after you’ve made your decision, so you can rest assured that it won’t increase again before you actually close on your home.
The bottom line
While mortgage rates are higher than they were a few years ago, both new homebuyers and existing homeowners who want to refinance still have plenty of good options. Some of the top rates for either mortgage type are still as low as 6% today, but it’s still important to compare a few different lenders and see what the best rates and loan terms are that you can qualify for before locking in a rate. Also, make sure to calculate your overall cost and payments so you’re prepared to start paying down your new loan.
Ready to take on a new mortgage? Explore the best rates you can get today here!
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) this week released its 2023 Consumer Response Annual Report, offering an overview of consumer complaints in a variety of industries overseen by the bureau.
While much of the report suggests “a continued increase in credit or consumer reporting complaints, with more than one million of these complaints being sent to the three nationwide consumer reporting companies,” the mortgage industry demonstrates general reactivity to the feedback, according to the report.
The CFPB received about 27,900 mortgage-related complaints in 2023 and sent 23,300 (84%) of them to companies for review and response. It referred another 10% to other regulatory agencies and found 6% to not require action. As of March 1, 2024, less than 0.1% of these complaints were pending with the consumer and less than 0.1% were pending with the bureau.
The response rate by mortgage companies to consumer complaints stands at 99%, according to the bureau, and relevant companies “closed 92% of complaints with an explanation, 2% with monetary relief, and 3% with non-monetary relief,” the report stated. Mortgage companies provided an administrative response for 2% of complaints.
The majority of consumer complaints in the mortgage arena (13,100, or 58%) were focused on conventional home loans, followed by Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans (19%), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loans (9%) and home equity lines of credit, or HELOCs (6%).
Further down on the list were “other types of mortgages” (5%), reverse mortgages (2%), and negligible numbers of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans and manufactured home loans (less than 1%).
More than 11,400 complaints dealt with “trouble during the payment process,” while more than 6,000 had to with consumers struggling to make mortgage payments.
Other common complaints included applying for a new mortgage or refinancing an existing one, closing on a mortgage, or a problem with a credit report or credit score. The company response rates in these instances was at or above 90%.
Mortgage complaints that were resolved with an explanation, however, decreased from the level observed in last year’s report, the bureau reported. HELOC-related complaints also increased by 21% compared to the monthly average observed over the prior two years.
Other product types also recorded increases in consumer complaints.
“The monthly average for [VA] mortgage complaints increased 11% compared to the monthly average for the prior two years,” the report explained. “The visible spikes in complaint volume in early 2023 appear to be related to an enforcement action announced by the CFPB against Wells Fargo.”
That enforcement action was announced in December 2022, compelling Wells Fargo to pay $3.7 billion in total to settle multiple consent orders related to auto lending, consumer deposit accounts and mortgage lending. The penalties totaled $1.7 billion and an additional $2 billion was ordered for redress to consumers.
The allure of a quick loan can be hard to resist when there is a pressing need for immediate cash. The amount of money needed might not be a lot, but it’s needed quickly. Looking for that small loan, though, might lead to lenders who might charge high interest rates and offer loan terms that are difficult to meet.
This is called predatory lending, and it works in the best interest of the lender, not the borrower.
When you know what to look for in a reputable lender, however, it becomes easier to avoid becoming a victim of predatory lending practices.
Guide to Predatory Loans and Avoiding Them
Information and education are a consumer’s best friends when looking for any type of loan. For small loans that seem only to be available through lenders that seem less-than reputable, those two things become even more important.
One piece of information that is important when looking for a loan is knowing what your credit report contains. Consumers can access their credit reports at no charge through AAnnualCreditReport.com. Personally identifiable information, such as your name, current and previous addresses, and your Social Security number, are easy to verify.
Making sure other items on your credit report are accurate is also important because this information is used by lenders to assess your creditworthiness. Lenders want to know how many credit cards and loans you have, if you make your debt payments on time, and other factors.
When you have a picture of your overall creditworthiness, it’s time to find a reputable lender to work with. It’s a good idea to compare several lenders to find one you feel comfortable working with and is a good match for your financial needs. 💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. One question can save you many dollars.
What Is Predatory Lending?
Predatory lending often targets consumers with poor credit, no credit, low incomes, lack of education, and for other unfair and discriminatory reasons.
Lenders who offer financial products that are typically considered predatory loans do not have the best interest of their clients in mind — their goal is to make a profit at the expense of their client, even if that means engaging in misleading tactics.
Predatory lending may often mean a short-term, high-interest loan that a borrower might have difficulty repaying, potentially leading to a cycle of debt.
Recommended: What to Know Before You Borrow Money Online
Predatory Lending Tactics and Practices
Reputable lenders are likely to be transparent about their interest rates, loan terms, and any fees they might charge, such as a personal loan origination fee or prepayment penalties.
Those engaging in predatory lending, however, may not be as transparent. They may try to hide important details about a loan and steer an applicant toward a loan they may not be able to afford.
To make sure a lender is not engaging in predatory lending practices, here’s a look at some things to avoid.
• An unlicensed lender: A reputable lender will be licensed in the state they are doing business in and will be expected to uphold certain professional standards set by the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System (NMLS)®. Consumers can look up the license status of individual and institutional lenders through NMLS Consumer Access℠ .
• Rushing during the loan process: If you feel like a lender is hurrying you along without addressing your questions or concerns, you might wonder if they’re trying to hide some details about the loan terms or trying to approve you for a loan you might not be able to afford. A reputable lender will take the time to make sure you understand the documents you’re signing at the loan closing and that the loan works for your financial needs.
• High interest rates and fees: A lender who offers only a high interest rate, one you don’t feel you can afford, probably doesn’t have your best interests in mind. Doing some research on typical interest rates available for your credit score and common fees charged — and comparing lenders who work within those parameters — is a good way to filter out predatory lenders.
• Overpromising: A lender who tells you they can approve you for a loan regardless of your credit history is likely promising something they won’t be able to deliver on. Lenders typically have thresholds at which they are willing to loan money, outside of which they may decline an applicant.
Recommended: What Is Considered a Bad Credit Score?
Common Types of Predatory Loans
Three common predatory lending examples are payday loans, auto (or title) loans, and subprime mortgages.
Payday loans may come to mind when thinking of predatory loan examples. These types of loans target those who are looking for quick cash and may not think they will qualify for anything else.
Often short-term loans for small amounts, typically $100 to $1,000, payday loans are generally meant to be repaid with the borrower’s next paycheck. They are typically unsecured loans and often have high interest rates. A payday lender may refer to a “fee per $100 loaned” instead of disclosing the annual percentage rate (APR). This tactic hides the extremely high APR that is typical for a payday loan — on average, 400% APR, but can be much higher.
Similar to payday loans, auto title loans are an example of a predatory loan that is often made to an applicant who cannot qualify for a more mainstream loan. The borrower’s vehicle is used as collateral against the loan, with the borrower signing the title over to the lender. If the loan is not repaid, the lender keeps the title and has ownership of the vehicle.
Subprime mortgages are another predatory lending example.
This is a type of mortgage made to a borrower who may not be able to qualify for a conventional mortgage based on the prime rate. Because the lender may perceive this borrower as an increased lending risk, they may offer an interest rate higher than that of a prime mortgage to offset this risk.
What Are Good Lending Practices?
A reputable lender will work with you to find the loan option that best meets your financial needs. That’s not to say it won’t be beneficial to them, but it will be good for both lender and borrower. Just as there are some ways to identify predatory lending, there are ways to identify a lender that does business in an honest manner.
• Licensed lender. Reputable lenders typically display their lending license for potential clients to see. If you’re meeting with a lender in their office, you may see their license framed and displayed on a wall. If you’re working with an online lender, look for their license information on their website. It might be on their About page, Legal page, or FAQ page.
• Answering your questions. When you have questions about a lender’s loan options, terminology in the loan agreement, or general lending questions, a reputable lender will take the time to answer them and help you understand the process.
• Competitive interest rates. Generally, lenders offer a range of rates based on the creditworthiness of each applicant. But they will be competitive with other lenders making the same types of loans.
• Realistic offers. A lender that has your best interest in mind will do what they can to approve you for a loan that you can afford, not one that you will be at risk of defaulting on. A happy client could mean referrals to other potential clients, and that is generally something a lender strives for.
💡 Quick Tip: Just as there are no free lunches, there are no guaranteed loans. So beware lenders who advertise them. If they are legitimate, they need to know your creditworthiness before offering you a loan.
What Can Be Done if You Are a Victim of a Predatory Loan?
One of the first things you can do if you believe you’re a victim of predatory lending is submit a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The bureau will send the complaint to the lending company and work to resolve the issue. The lending company communicates with both the client and the CFPB about the complaint, generally within 15 days with a final response in 60 days.
All complaints submitted to the CFPB are logged in the public Consumer Complaint Database, which can be a good place to check when comparing lenders you’re considering doing business with.
Personal Loans as an Alternative to Predatory Loans
When you need to borrow money quickly, a predatory loan like a payday loan may not be your only option. Lenders offering personal loans are fairly easy to find in today’s marketplace, and many of them are online lenders, which can make the process more streamlined.
If you’re considering a loan as a method to build your credit, a payday loan may not be the right financial tool. Many payday lenders don’t check an applicant’s credit report when making the loan, nor do they report payments to the credit bureaus. Essentially, even if you make regular, on-time payments, your credit score will not benefit from your diligence.
A reputable personal loan lender, however, will check an applicant’s credit report during the loan approval process and report payments to the credit bureaus. In this case, making regular, timely payments can have a positive affect on your credit profile — and not doing so can have a negative affect.
Recommended: Typical Personal Loan Requirements Needed for Approval
Are Smaller, Short-Term Loans the Same as Predatory Loans?
There are reputable lenders that offer short-term loans for small amounts of money. Predatory lenders will exploit a person’s need for quick cash by trying to trick them into an unfair loan agreement they can’t afford. A reputable lender, on the other hand, will work with you to get a loan for the amount of money you need and that you can afford.
Some lenders do have minimum amounts they will lend, sometimes $3,000 or $5,000. If you don’t need this much money, you’d be better off looking at other lenders. There are lenders that will lend smaller amounts, though — even less than $1,000.
What is the Smartest Way to Get a $5,000 Loan?
A smart way to find a $5,000 unsecured personal loan is to compare interest rates and fees of lenders who loan small amounts. This is easily done through an online personal loan comparison site or by calling a few different lenders. It probably won’t be too difficult to find multiple lenders to compare, as $5,000 is a fairly common personal loan amount.
A good first place to consider is your current bank or credit union. They may offer rate or fee discounts for current customers.
Online lenders may have shorter loan processing times, so if you need the money quickly, that could be a good choice.
Comparing lenders, however, is the smartest thing you can do when you’re looking for a loan.
The Takeaway
There are times in life when a quick infusion of cash is needed to help deal with a financial emergency or other need. To avoid falling victim to predatory lending, it’s a good idea to step back and take some time to compare lenders. Getting a loan from the closest payday lender on the block will likely mean paying extremely high interest rates and fees, and difficulty paying off the loan in a short amount of time.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.
FAQ
Is predatory lending a crime?
Many states have enacted anti-predatory lending laws. Some states have completely outlawed payday lending, while others have placed caps on the amount lenders can charge. However, many violations go unpunished because consumers aren’t aware of their rights.
What are the most common predatory loans?
The most common types of predatory loans include payday loans, car title loans, and subprime mortgages.
What APR is considered predatory?
Predatory loans generally have interest rates in the triple digits. Loans with annual percentage rates (APRs) no higher than 36% are considered affordable loans.
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Returned item charges are bank fees that are assessed when you don’t have enough money in your account to cover a check (or online payment) and the bank doesn’t cover that payment. Instead, they return the check or deny the electronic payment, and hit you with a penalty fee. Returned item fees are also called non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees. While these fees used to be ubiquitous, some banks have chosen to eliminate them.
Read on to learn exactly what NSF/returned item fees are and how you can avoid paying them.
What Is a Non-Sufficient Funds (NSF) Fee?
A non-sufficient fund or NSF fee is the same thing as a returned item fee. These are fees banks charge when someone does not have enough money in their checking account to cover a paper check, e-check, or electronic payment. They are assessed because the bank has to put forth additional work to deal with this situation. They also serve as a way for banks to make money. The average NSF fee is $19.94.
In addition to being hit with an NSF fee from the bank, having bounced checks and rejected electronic payments can cause you to receive returned check fees, late fees, or interest charges from the service provider or company you were attempting to pay. 💡 Quick Tip: Banish bank fees. Open a new bank account with SoFi and you’ll pay no overdraft, minimum balance, or any monthly fees.
How Do Non-Sufficient Fund Fees Work?
Here’s a basic example. Let’s say that someone has $500 in the bank. They withdraw $100 from an ATM and forget to record that transaction. Then, they write a check for $425, believing that those funds are available:
• Original balance: $500
• ATM withdrawal: $100
• New actual balance: $400
• Check amount: $425
• Problem: The check is for $25 more than what is currently available.
The financial institution could refuse to honor this check (in other words, the check would “bounce” or be considered a “bad check”) and charge an NSF fee to the account holder. This is not the same thing as an overdraft fee.
An overdraft fee comes into play when you sign up for overdraft protection. Overdraft protection is an agreement with the bank to cover overdrafts on a checking account. This service typically involves a fee (called an overdraft fee) and is generally limited to a preset maximum amount.
Are NSF Fees Legal?
Yes, NSF or returned item fees are legal on bounced checks and returned electronic bill payments. However, they should not be charged on debit card transactions or ATM withdrawals.
If you don’t opt in to overdraft coverage (i.e., agree to pay overdraft fees for certain transactions), then the financial institution cannot legally charge overdraft (or NSF) fees for debit card transactions or ATM withdrawals. Instead, the institution would simply decline the transaction when you try to make it.
No federal law states a maximum NSF fee. But The Truth in Lending Act does require banks to disclose their fees to customers when they open an account.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has been pushing banks to eliminate NSF fees, and their efforts have paid off. Many banks have done away with NSF fees and others have lowered them.
Are NSF Fees Refundable?
You can always ask for a refund. If you’ve been with a financial institution for a while and this is your first NSF fee, you could contact the bank and ask for a refund. The financial institution may see you as a loyal customer that they don’t want to lose, so they may say “yes.” That said, it’s entirely up to them — and, even if they agree the first time, they will probably be less willing if it becomes a pattern. (Or, they may say “no” to the very first request.)
Recommended: Common Bank Fees and How to Avoid Them
Do NSF Fees Affect Your Credit?
Not directly, no. Banking history isn’t reported to the consumer credit bureaus. Indirectly, however, NSF fees could hurt your credit. If a check bounces — say, one to pay your mortgage, car payment, credit card bill, or personal loan — this may cause that payment to be late. If payments are at least 30 days late, loans and credit cards can be reported as delinquent, which can hurt your credit.
And if a payment bounces more than once, a company might send the bill to a collections agency. This information could appear on a credit report and damage your credit. If you don’t pay your NSF fees, the bank may send your debt to a collection agency, which could be reported to the credit bureaus.
Also, keep in mind that any bounced checks or overdrafts could be reported to ChexSystems, a banking reporting agency that works similarly to the credit bureaus. Too many bounced checks or overdrafts could make it hard to open a bank account in the future.
What Happens if You Don’t Pay Your NSF Fees?
If you don’t pay your NSF fees, the bank could suspend or close your account and report your negative banking history to ChexSystems. This could make it difficult for you to open a checking or savings account at another bank or credit union in the future. In addition, the bank may send your debt to a collection agency, which can be reported to the credit bureaus.
How Much Are NSF Fees?
NSF were once as high as $35 per incident but have come down in recent years. The average NSF is now $19.94, which is an historical low.
When Might I Get an NSF Fee?
NSF fees can be charged when there are insufficient funds in your account to cover a check or electronic payment as long as the bank’s policy includes those fees.
Recommended: Negative Bank Balance: What Happens to Your Account?
What’s the Difference Between an NSF and an Overdraft Fee?
An NSF fee can be charged if there aren’t enough funds in your account to cover a transaction and no overdraft protection exists. The check or transaction will not go through, and the fee may be charged.
Some financial institutions, though, do provide overdraft protection. If you opt in to overdraft protection and you have insufficient funds in your account to cover a payment, the bank would cover the amount (which means there is no bounced check or rejected payment), and then the financial institution may charge an overdraft fee. So with overdraft, the transaction you initiated does go through; with an NSF or returned item situation, the transaction does not go through and you need to redo it. Fees may be assessed, however, in both scenarios.
How to Avoid NSF Fees
There are ways to avoid overdraft fees or NSF fees. Here are some strategies to try.
Closely Watch Your Balances
If you know your bank balance, including what’s outstanding in checks, withdrawals, and transfers, then a NSF situation shouldn’t arise. Using your bank’s mobile app or other online access to your accounts can streamline the process of checking your account. Try to get in the habit of looking every few days or at least once a week.
Keep a Cushion Amount
With this strategy, you always keep a certain dollar amount in your account that’s above and beyond what you spend. If it’s significant enough, a minor slip up still shouldn’t trigger an NSF scenario. 💡 Quick Tip: If your checking account doesn’t offer decent rates, why not apply for an online checking account with SoFi to earn 0.50% APY. That’s 7x the national checking account average.
Set Up Automatic Alerts
Many financial institutions allow you to sign up for customized banking alerts, either online or via your banking app. It’s a good idea to set up an alert for whenever your balance dips below a certain threshold. That way, you can transfer funds into the account to prevent getting hit with an NSF fee.
Link to a Backup Account
Your financial institution may allow you to link your savings account to your checking account. If so, should the checking balance go below zero, they’d transfer funds from your savings account to cover the difference.
Use Debit Cards Strategically
If you use your debit card to rent a car or check into a hotel, they may place a hold on a certain dollar amount to ensure payment. It may even be bigger than your actual bill. Depending upon your account balance, this could cause something else to bounce. So be careful in how you use your debit cards.
Look for No-Fee Overdraft Coverage
You can avoid NSF fees by shopping around for a bank that offers no-fee overdraft coverage.
The Takeaway
Returned item fees (also known as NSF fees) can be charged when there are insufficient funds in your account to cover your checks and electronic payments. When you get hit with an NSF fee, you’re essentially getting charged money for not having enough money in your account — a double bummer. To avoid these annoying fees, keep an eye on your balance, know when automatic bill payments go through, and try to find a bank that does not charge NSF fees.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
FAQ
What happens when you get an NSF?
If you get charged an non-sufficient funds (or NSF) fee, it means that a financial transaction has bounced because of insufficient funds in your account. You will owe the fee that’s listed in your bank’s policy.
Is an NSF bad?
If a financial transaction doesn’t go through because of insufficient funds, then this can trigger returned item charges (NSF fees). This means you’re paying a fee for not having enough money in your account to cover your payments, a scenario you generally want to avoid.
Does an NSF affect your credit?
An NSF fee does not directly affect your credit, since banking information isn’t reported to the consumer credit agencies. However, if a bounced check or rejected electronic payment leads to a late payment, the company you paid could report the late payment to the credit bureaus, which could impact your credit.
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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.
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The nation’s largest credit union said this week that an external review found it hadn’t considered race in mortgage underwriting, responding to CNN’s previous reporting about racial gaps in its mortgage approval rates.
Navy Federal Credit Union, which has more than 13 million members and lends to military servicemembers, Department of Defense personnel, veterans and their families, said a review it commissioned from a civil rights lawyer “found no race-based decision making in our mortgage underwriting” and that “legitimate, non-race factors” had largely explained racial differences in approval rates.
A CNN investigation published in December found that Navy Federal approved more than 75% of the White borrowers who applied for a new conventional home purchase mortgage in 2022 while approving less than 50% of Black borrowers who applied for the same type of loan, according to the most recent federal data available from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
The nearly 29-percentage-point gap in Navy Federal’s approval rates was the widest of any of the 50 lenders that originated the most mortgage loans in 2022. The disparity remained even after accounting for more than a dozen different variables available in public mortgage data, including applicants’ income, debt-to-income ratio and property value, CNN’s review found.
In addition, an analysis by staff of the Senate Banking Committee, which 10 Democratic senators cited in a letter asking federal regulators to review Navy Federal’s mortgage lending earlier this year, also found racial disparities in Navy Federal’s mortgage approval rates based on the publicly available data.
Navy Federal said Thursday that an analysis it had commissioned by lawyer Debo Adegbile, a former member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, found that those racial disparities were largely accounted for by examining “all non-public underwriting factors.”
“Our review found that when all relevant factors are controlled for, which CNN did not do, the difference in approval rates between Black and White borrowers falls to less than 1%,” Adegbile said in a statement. “The remaining difference in approval rates is explained by legitimate, non-race factors like income verification and incomplete credit applications.” The analysis also accounted for other non-public factors including applicants’ credit scores, the statement said.
A spokesperson for Navy Federal did not respond to a request for additional details about the analysis.
As CNN previously reported, applicants’ credit scores are not available in the public mortgage data, and Navy Federal declined to provide CNN any data that would make it possible to analyze credit scores or other non-public factors.
CNN’s analysis only included mortgage applications that were listed in the public data as being fully submitted and either approved or denied, and excluded those that were listed as “closed for incompleteness.” And while Navy Federal’s statement said its analysis included applicants’ debt-to-income ratios, CNN’s review also took those ratios, which are available in the public mortgage data, into account.
Navy Federal described Adegbile’s analysis as an “external review,” but his law firm, WilmerHale, is also defending Navy Federal in a class-action lawsuit from Black and Latino borrowers who allege the credit union discriminated against them in mortgage applications.
The same day that Navy Federal released a statement about the review, other lawyers from WilmerHale filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit, which had cited CNN’s reporting. Attorneys for the credit union argued that the “alleged statistical disparities” the plaintiffs had cited were not sufficient to prove discrimination, and that they “fail to identify any Navy Federal policy or practice that caused any disparity.”
The lawyers also argued that agreements the plaintiffs had signed when they became members of the credit union had required them to give Navy Federal adequate notice before filing a lawsuit, and that most had not done so.
Adegbile’s analysis was not included in Navy Federal’s motion to dismiss the case.
The plaintiffs’ attorneys – Ben Crump, Adam Levitt, and Hassan Zavareei – said in a statement that it was “a classic conflict of interest” for Adegbile to review Navy Federal’s practices at the same time his firm was defending the credit union in court.
“Navy Federal should immediately put out the full investigative report and data analysis so that Navy Federal’s members have an opportunity for themselves to review the findings,” the statement said.
In its statement, Navy Federal also said it was “currently examining initiatives to build on our mission of expanding access to credit for our diverse community of members and continue our efforts to address systemic barriers to homeownership.”
Average mortgage rates edged higher yesterday. Unfortunately, it was the sixth consecutive business day on which they’ve risen.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might barely move. However, these early mini-trends frequently alter speed or direction as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.15%
7.17%
Unchanged
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.57%
6.61%
-0.04
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.16%
7.19%
+0.02
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.63%
6.66%
-0.05
30-year fixed FHA
6.51%
7.19%
Unchanged
30-year fixed VA
6.61%
6.72%
-0.03
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.3%
7.39%
Unchanged
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Tomorrow’s Federal Reserve events (see below) could make a big difference to mortgage rates in the near and medium terms. But, right now, I’m pessimistic about our seeing a sustained downward trend until the summer. And some wonder if the fall might be a more realistic timeframe.
So, for now, my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes held steady again at 4.32%. (Neutral for mortgage rates. However, yields were rising this morning.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were mixed this morning. (Neutral for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices increased to $83.18 from $81.35 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices inched down to $2,156 from $2,159 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — dropped to 69 from 75 out of 100. (Good for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to hold close to steady. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Tomorrow
I covered yesterday the three Federal Reserve events due early tomorrow afternoon:
2 p.m. Eastern — Rate announcement and report publications
2 p.m. Eastern — Summary of Economic Projects publication. This occurs only quarterly and includes a dot plot
I’ll brief you more fully on those tomorrow morning. That way you’ll know what to look out for before it’s too late to act.
Personally, I’m not very hopeful about the impact of the Fed’s events on mortgage rates. Of course, I can’t be sure what they’ll bring. But recent economic data has likely reinforced the central bank’s natural caution. And I suspect that it may signal later and fewer cuts in general interest rates this year than markets have been expecting.
If I’m right, that could be seriously bad for mortgage rates. So, let’s hope I’m wrong.
Today and later in the week
I’ll be surprised if today’s economic reports move mortgage rates much. They cover February’s housing starts and building permits. It’s not that those data are unimportant. However, they rarely attract the attention of the investors who largely determine mortgage rates.
We have to wait until Thursday for a couple of reports that sometimes affect mortgage rates. They’re two March purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) from S&P. One is for the services sector and the other covers manufacturing. I’ll brief you on those tomorrow morning.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Mar. 14 report put that same weekly average at 6.74% down from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Feb. 12 and the MBA’s on Feb. 20.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.5%
6.3%
6.1%
5.9%
MBA
6.9%
6.6%
6.3%
6.1%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
Dual licensing is one of the opportunities being opened to the mortgage industry by the National Association of Realtors’ (NAR) pending nationwide settlement of commission lawsuits, according to Bob Broeksmit, president and CEO of the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA).
“There will be market reactions to this settlement, and it will create openings for other business models where we want the buyer represented, but the seller may not want to pay 3% for a buyer’s agent,” Broeksmit said on Tuesday morning during the MBA’s National Advocacy Conference in Washington, D.C.
“One of those models could be that you, as lenders, license your loan officers as real estate agents and offer the buying agent service for less than a 3% fixed fee point. And some of you will say I want nothing to do with that. Others of you will say that is a great retention opportunity for my loan officers and the market will figure all this out,” Broeksmit added.
On Friday, NAR announced a settlement that includes a $418 million payment for damages, along with a ban on rules that allow a seller’s agent to set compensation for a buyer’s agent.
The settlement also includes eliminating fields that display broker compensation on Multiple Listing Services (MLSs) and ending the blanket requirement that agents subscribe to an MLS to offer or accept compensation. In addition, buyers’ agents must have written agreements.
If approved by a court, the changes will go into effect in mid-July.
On Friday, HousingWire reported that Absolute Home Mortgage is testing out a dual-licensing structure. Matthew VanFossen, CEO of the New Jersey-based lender, said in an interview that loan officers may start getting real estate licenses, and/or buyer agents may become licensed LOs.
It would “bridge the gap in lower commission” by these professionals “starting to take both sides of the deal,” VanFossen said. But if real estate agents transition to becoming lenders, the dual-license trend would also have an “unintended consequence” for marketing servicing agreements (MSAs) between mortgage companies and real estate brokerage firms.
Tax credit, ‘junk fees,’ Marcia Fudge
Broeksmit was critical of President Joe Biden’s housing plan announced during the 2024 State of the Union address on March 7. He said the proposals would “stimulate demand on the single-family side.”
“Any lender in the audience knows that they have a huge list of people who are qualified and able to buy a house; there’s just no inventory. So, we really need to focus on the supply,” Broeksmit said.
During the State of the Union address, Biden called for a $10,000 tax credit for first-time homebuyers and people selling their starter homes.
Broeksmit said that people selling their homes would buy another, so the tax credit would not be enough to improve supply. In addition, people sell houses based on their own circumstances, not because of government tax incentives.
“So, you’re giving money to people who would have sold anyway,” Broeksmit said. “I think a smarter thing to do would be to raise the exemption for the capital gain when you sell your house.”
Broeksmit also reacted to the decision by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to closely scrutinize what it described as “junk fees” imposed on borrowers when closing a mortgage.
A recent CFPB blog post stated that families closing a mortgage “often get an unwelcome surprise: closing costs that all too often are full of junk fees.”
According to Broeksmit, the CFPB can only review fees by reopening the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) rules, which the industry spent $1 billion to implement. “There’s no such thing as a surprise at closing,” Broeksmit said.
Regarding the resignation of U.S. Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary Marcia Fudge, Broeksmit said it’s not unusual for a cabinet secretary to leave before the end of a four-year term. In this case, “it’s a grueling job,” he added.
Average mortgage rates climbed moderately last Friday. Indeed, they rose on every business day last week. However, that followed a week of mainly falls. And those rates begin this morning close to where they were at the start of March.
First thing, it was looking as if mortgage rates today barely move. But that could change later in the day.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.12%
7.13%
+0.02
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.62%
6.65%
+0.03
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.15%
7.17%
+0.04
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.64%
6.66%
Unchanged
30-year fixed FHA
6.49%
7.17%
+0.01
30-year fixed VA
6.61%
6.72%
+0.02
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.28%
7.38%
Unchanged
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
I doubt we’ll see mortgage rates enter a consistent downward trend much before the summer, and possibly later.
So, for now, my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes held steady at 4.32%. (Neutral for mortgage rates. However, yields were rising this morning.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices increased to $81.35 from $80.62 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices inched down to $2,159 from $2,162 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — nudged up to 75 from 71 out of 100. (Bad for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to hold close to steady. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
The Fed
The Federal Reserve’s rate-setting body (the Federal Open Market Committee or FOMC) begins a two-day meeting tomorrow. And a flurry of events is scheduled for the following afternoon.
Almost nobody expects an announcement of a cut in general interest rates on Wednesday. But events that afternoon include:
2 p.m. Eastern — Rate announcement and report publications
2 p.m. Eastern — Summary of Economic Projects publication. This occurs only quarterly and includes a dot plot
These FOMC documents and the news conference may provide new insights into how the Fed’s thinking on future cuts to general interest rates is evolving. So, markets globally will be paying the closest attention to every word written and uttered.
And there is huge potential for Wednesday’s Fed events to move mortgage rates.
I covered this in last Saturday’s weekend edition. And I’ll brief you in more detail again on Wednesday morning so you’ll know what to look out for.
Other influences on mortgage rates this week
Most of the economic reports on this week’s calendar are unlikely to affect mortgage rates. It’s not impossible. But they cover areas of the economy that rarely interest the bond investors who largely determine those rates.
Today’s lone report is a good example. It’s the home builder confidence index for February, which came in as expected. I don’t recall the last time that had a perceptible influence on mortgage rates. And the same goes for tomorrow’s housing starts and building permits, also for February.
The two reports that might move mortgage rates this week are both March purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) from S&P. One covers the services sector and the other manufacturing.
They’re both expected to show purchasing activity slowing modestly. But I’ll brief you more fully on what to expect on Wednesday.
Friday has no scheduled economic reports. However, three Fed speakers, including Chair Jerome Powell, have speaking engagements that day. Those could be an opportunity to reinforce messages communicated on Wednesday and to correct any misunderstandings. So, they could have an impact on mortgage rates.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Mar. 14 report put that same weekly average at 6.74% down from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Feb. 12 and the MBA’s on Feb. 20.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.5%
6.3%
6.1%
5.9%
MBA
6.9%
6.6%
6.3%
6.1%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
Families who manage to save up for a down payment and get approved for a mortgage often get an unwelcome surprise: closing costs that all too often are full of junk fees. Closing costs are the fees you pay on the day you finalize the purchase of your home, and they include things like title insurance, credit report and appraisal fees, origination fees, and more. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is working to ensure that consumers can navigate the closing process more easily, shop around, and save money.
Closing costs have risen, putting pressure on borrowers’ budgets
While home prices and interest rates often command our attention, closing costs also contribute to borrowers’ monthly burdens. One measure of closing costs is total loan costs. Total loan costs include origination fees, appraisal and credit report fees, title insurance, discount points, and other fees. From 2021 to 2022, median total loan costs rose sharply, increasing by 21.8 percent on home purchase loans.
In 2022, the median amount paid by borrowers was nearly $6,000 in these costs and fees. That’s a substantial upfront cost on what is already a major financial undertaking. Homeowners can choose to pay closing costs out of pocket, but that can reduce their down payment amount. Lenders sometimes give borrowers a “credit” to cover closing costs, but then charge the borrower a higher interest rate on the mortgage. Sometimes sellers pay closing costs but increase the sale price on the home. Often, closing costs are simply rolled into the total loan amount, racking up interest for the life of the loan. Borrowers who can’t bring cash to the table often have to pay more, through higher interest rates or mortgage insurance payments.
Many of these costs are fixed and do not fluctuate with interest rates or change based on the size of the loan. As a result, they have an outsized impact on borrowers with smaller mortgages, such as lower income borrowers, first-time homebuyers, and borrowers living in Black and Hispanic communities. A 2021 study found that nearly 15 percent of lower income homebuyers had closing costs that exceeded the amount of their down payment.
We are paying particular attention to the recent rise in discount points. A higher percentage of borrowers reported paying discount points in 2022 than any other years since this data point was first reported in 2018. In 2022 about 50.2 percent of home purchase borrowers paid some discount points, up from 32.1 in 2021. Borrowers are also paying more in discount points. The median discount points paid for home purchase loans in 2022 was $2,370 in 2022, up from $1,225 in 2021. Lenders sell discount points to borrowers to reduce interest rates. These points may not always save borrowers money, however, and may indeed add to borrowers’ costs. The CFPB is continuing to monitor market trends in this area.
Lack of competition and choice may add to already rising housing costs
It appears that some closing costs are high and increasing because there is little competition. Borrowers are required to pay for many of the costs associated with closing a home loan but cannot pick the provider and do not benefit from the service. In many cases, the lender simply picks from a very small universe of providers, and the costs are then passed on to the borrower.
Lender’s title insurance is one example of a fee borrowers face at closing where the borrower has no control over cost. Title insurance is meant to protect against someone else laying claim to a borrower’s property. A lender’s title insurance policy protects only the lender against these possible claims, not the borrower. Instead of paying this fee themselves, lenders make borrowers pay the cost. The amount that borrowers pay for lender’s title insurance is often much greater than the risk.
Fees for credit reports are another example. The credit reporting industry is highly concentrated, with just a handful of dominant players dictating the price of credit reports and scores. Borrowers pay the fee for lenders to pull credit reports for each loan applicant from three nationwide credit reporting companies. Mortgage lenders have recently reported steep increases in the price of the scores and reports used for mortgage underwriting. The CFPB has heard reports of recent costs spiking 25 percent to as much as 400 percent. At the same time, we estimate that nationwide credit reporting companies made over $1.3 billion annually. These steep increases in a market that lacks competition and choice warrant further scrutiny.
Tell the CFPB how mortgage closing costs affect you
The CFPB is tackling housing affordability using all our tools. We are working on:
Improving the ability of homeowners to refinance their mortgage when interest rates are favorable.
Reducing risks for borrowers who fall behind in their mortgage payments.
Making it easier for consumers to submit debt collection complaints to us about rental housing so that we can address illegal fees and better identify emerging issues like rental payment platforms that target families with junk fees or the use of high-cost loans to pay rent.
In the coming months, the CFPB will continue working to analyze mortgage closing costs, seek public input and, as necessary, issue rules and guidance to improve competition, choice, and affordability. We will also continue using our supervision and enforcement tools to make it safer for people to purchase homes and to hold companies accountable when they violate the law. Our research findings and market insights guide our work, as well as information from consumers that helps us better understand how issues like mortgage closing costs affect households and families.
If you have problem with your mortgage or closing costs and need a response from a company, you can submit a complaint with the CFPB. If you don’t need a response from the company and want to share your experience with us, you can tell your story.
A day after targeting the title insurance industry, the Biden Administration has put the rest of the real estate finance process in its crosshairs.
On March 8, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau posted a blog inviting consumers to tell it how “junk fees” in the closing process affect them.
While not able to speak to the specifics of the posting, nor about any possible actions the regulator might take, the Community Home Lenders of America “is thrilled that they’re jumping into this,” Scott Olson, its executive director, said in an interview.
“We’ve actually used this phrase [junk fees] ourselves a couple of years or so ago” he said in regards to click fees lenders are charged by third party vendors, which are passed on to consumers.
Others in the industry had a hard time understanding where the CFPB was coming from.
“The CFPB’s blog post is baffling and reveals little understanding of how the mortgage market works or awareness of its own regulations that provide for full fee transparency and limits on what can be charged,” Bob Broeksmit, president and CEO of the Mortgage Bankers Association, said in a lengthy statement.
“The fees mentioned are clearly disclosed to borrowers well before a home purchase on forms developed and prescribed by the Dodd-Frank Act and the CFPB itself,” he added, referring to the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosures, also known as TRID. One of those disclosures, the loan estimate, is given when the borrower contacts the originator and is supposed to be used to shop.
The other form – the closing disclosure presented at the end of the process – must be within certain tolerances of the data provided on the loan estimate.
“In 2020, the CFPB issued a report praising its own rule for improving consumers’ ability to locate key information, compare terms and costs between initial disclosures and final disclosures, and compare terms and costs across mortgage offers,” Broeksmit said.
But in Olson’s view, “transparency is not the same as competition.”
The CHLA has been supportive of the use of title insurance alternatives like attorney opinion letters, that could reduce costs to borrowers.
“We think that opening up the line of sight on some of these things is reasonable where there really is not competition,” Olson said.
CHLA plans to “comment vigorously” to the CFPB, he continued, adding that it has done so regarding competition and fees charges in the not-so-distant past, particularly in regards to the Intercontinental Exchange purchase of Black Knight.
As far back as 2003, if not even earlier, the government has had so-called mortgage junk fees in its crosshairs. Mel Martinez, Department of Housing and Urban Development secretary under President George W. Bush, said in a speech before the National Community Reinvestment Coalition almost exactly 11 years ago that members of Congress did not understand that reform proposal would help consumers understand the mortgage process and the costs involved so they don’t become “victims” of junk fees and broker abuse.
The CFPB, in its recent post, took its own shot at the lender policy portion of title insurance, saying the borrower has no control or options.
“Instead of paying this fee themselves, lenders make borrowers pay the cost,” said the blog posting authored by Julie Margetta Morgan, associate director. “The amount that borrowers pay for lender’s title insurance is often much greater than the risk.”
The CHLA has been supportive of the use of title insurance alternatives like attorney opinion letters, that could reduce costs to borrowers.
“We think that opening up the line of sight on some of these things is reasonable where there really is not competition,” Olson said.
The American Land Title Association issued commentary on the CFPB blog.
“Reform of mortgage closing costs is unnecessary,” the ALTA response said. “The contradictory use of the term ‘junk fee’ conflicts with the White House’s own definition, which cites the lack of disclosure of the fee being charged.”
Credit reports also were specifically mentioned as a problem area in the CFPB posting, claiming the business lacks competition and choice.
“The CFPB has heard reports of recent costs spiking 25% to as much as 400%,” the agency said. “At the same time, we estimate that nationwide credit reporting companies made over $1.3 billion annually.”
CFPB is also looking for consumer comment on the payment of discount points, although the posting does not distinguish between temporary and permanent rate buydowns.
“We are paying particular attention to the recent rise in discount points,” the posting said. “A higher percentage of borrowers reported paying discount points in 2022 than any other years since this data point was first reported in 2018.”
The agency said 50.2% of home purchase borrowers paid some discount points in 2022, with the median dollar amount being $2,370, up from 32.1% and $1,225 one year earlier.