If you’ve been actively house hunting for a while, chances are you’ve come across a real estate listing that was referred to as a HUD home. But what exactly does that mean? Is this type of home worth considering as your next purchase?
Discover everything you need to know about HUD homes and whether this type of home is right for you. While there is some risk involved, the potential for reward is also great. So read on and see if you should start searching for HUD homes in your area.
What is a HUD home?
Owned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), a HUD home is a type of residential foreclosure. Traditional foreclosures occur when a homeowner defaults on their home loan.
If they can’t reach a repayment agreement with their lender, the lender takes ownership of the property. Then, the lender lists the property for sale to get the balance owed on the mortgage loan.
FHA Insurance and Its Impact
Foreclosed properties often sell well below the amount owed to the lender, who then takes a loss on the property. However, if the home is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the foreclosure process happens a little differently.
The Federal Housing Administration is actually a department within HUD. It doesn’t make loans directly, but it does help ensure borrowers with a specific type of loan to help encourage homeownership. The FHA also provides mortgage insurance to FHA-approved lenders.
FHA mortgages entice lenders to originate and fund the loan since underwriting standards are slightly less stringent than a conventional loan.
However, when a home financed by an FHA loan goes into foreclosure, HUD reimburses the original lender for the outstanding loan balance. HUD then takes over ownership and sells it to compensate for the cost it paid to the lender.
The Process of Buying a HUD Home
When a regular home is listed for sale, the seller works with their real estate agent to come up with a price based on comparable houses in the area.
When a HUD home is put on the market, it goes through an appraisal process to determine its fair market value. The list price also considers any necessary repairs that are needed in the home.
The HUD Bidding System
With a normal listing, you’d tour the house and make an offer to the seller via your respective real estate agents. It specifically helps to work with an agent who has experience with HUD homes, but it’s not necessary.
While you still tour HUD homes with your real estate agent, the offer process is entirely different. Rather than making a traditional offer, you place a bid. If your agent is registered with HUD, they can submit the bid online for you.
There is a designated bid period. Once yours is submitted, they will compare it to any other bids that have been received. If yours is the highest offer, you’ll get an acknowledgment from HUD.
At that time, your agent will send you a contract, which you have 48 hours to submit to your regional HUD office. This is the only way to lock in the home and get the ownership underway. Otherwise, they could put it back on the market. So, always submit your documents in a timely manner.
HUD Home Buying Process
You often only get one shot at placing an offer on a HUD home, so it’s important to develop an informed strategy beforehand. While you may think it warrants an automatic lowball offer, this isn’t necessarily the case, especially if you live in a competitive real estate market.
In addition to looking at comps in the area and the home’s condition, you can also base your offer on the length of time the home has been on the market. If it’s new on the market, you probably don’t want to come in too low on your offer price. This is unless you’re only interested in the property at a certain price point.
HUD Home Costs and Financing Options
HUD often accepts offers between 85% and 88% of the list price. That’s a good frame of reference when developing your bid unless, of course, someone comes in with a higher offer. If the property has been on the market for several months, you definitely have more leverage in making a lower offer.
Your deposit will generally range from $500 – $2,000. Your mortgage payments will depend on how much your down payment is. The higher your down payment amount, the lower your mortgage payments will be. Closing costs usually average to be about 3-4% of the purchase price of a home. However, if you buy a HUD home, HUD may pay most of your closing costs.
Assessing Risks and Rewards in ‘As-Is’ HUD Home Sales
That’s because, unlike most regular listings, HUD homes are sold as-is. So, regardless of what work needs to be done, HUD will not take care of it to sell the house. But, of course, this is typically true of any foreclosed property.
That’s why it’s vital to have an inspection completed before you make an offer. Unlike other buying processes, you should have the inspection done first. Then, use it to inform your bid offer because you can’t renegotiate based on the results.
It’s definitely worth spending a couple of hundred dollars to ensure the needed renovations are within your scope.
Pros and Cons of Buying a HUD Home
Purchasing a HUD home can be an attractive option for many buyers, offering a unique blend of financial advantages and potential challenges. Understanding these pros and cons is crucial in making an informed decision.
Pros
Competitive pricing: One of the most significant benefits of HUD homes is their affordability. These properties are typically priced below-market value, providing an excellent opportunity for buyers to secure a home at a reduced cost. This pricing advantage makes HUD homes particularly appealing to first-time buyers and those looking for good value in the housing market.
Accessible down payments: HUD homes often come with the advantage of requiring lower down payments. In some cases, buyers may be eligible to make a down payment as low as 3.5% of the purchase price. This lower threshold can make homeownership more accessible, especially for those who may struggle to save for a larger down payment required in traditional home purchases.
Reduced Closing costs: Another financial benefit of purchasing a HUD home is the potential for lower closing costs. HUD may cover a portion of these costs, reducing the overall expenses that buyers need to pay out-of-pocket. This can make the process of buying a home more affordable and less daunting financially.
Cons
‘As-Is’ condition: One of the primary challenges of buying a HUD home is that they are sold in ‘as-is’ condition. This means that the buyer assumes responsibility for all repairs and renovations needed, which can sometimes be extensive. Potential buyers should carefully consider the condition of the property and be prepared for the possibility of unforeseen repair expenses.
Lengthier closing process: The process of closing on a HUD home can be more time-consuming compared to traditional home purchases. This is due to the additional paperwork, approvals, and procedures required by the government. Buyers should be prepared for a potentially prolonged process and factor this into their planning.
Additional financial considerations: While HUD homes can offer lower initial costs, they may require additional financial commitments, such as escrow deposits for repairs. These added expenses can arise from the need to address issues not covered under the ‘as-is’ purchase agreement. It’s important for buyers to be aware of and budget for these potential extra costs.
Financing Your HUD Home Purchase
You don’t need your full offer price in cash; in fact, you can use just about any loan type. The trick is to make sure the home’s condition qualifies for the loan type’s eligibility requirements.
Government-backed loans such as FHA, VA, and USDA loans have stricter requirements than conventional loans. For example, an appraiser for FHA loans looks for the following items:
A lot sloping away from the house
Windows in each bedroom
Chipped lead paint (in pre-1978 homes)
Handrails on stairs
Sufficient heating system
Solid roof and foundation
If the HUD property does not meet these basic requirements, you’ll need to find alternative financing. A conventional loan appraisal is more concerned about the home’s market value and comes with stricter credit and income requirements.
There are options, however, to finance repairs. One is a 203(B) loan, which allows you to finance up to $5,000 in repairs. The other is a 203(K) loan, which finances up to $35,000 in repairs.
Finding HUD Homes in Your Area
Your real estate agent can help you locate HUD homes in your area, especially if that’s their area of expertise. However, to start looking on your own, you can access HUD’s database of homes for sale. This online tool allows you to search several criteria to find the home you want in a specific location.
You can search by state, county, or city, as well as price range and home features. In addition to the number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and square footage, you have the option to search for a limited number of special features, including:
Fireplace or wood stove
Single or multiple stories
Outdoor amenities, like patio, pool, porch, or fence
Parking type
Housing type
Property age
Despite not being as user-friendly as a site like Zillow, the HUD website allows you to browse listings and find something that meets your needs.
Can investors buy HUD properties?
Purchasing a foreclosed home as an investment can be a great idea, assuming you’ve done ample research into your local market.
If you’re ready to jump into the real estate game as a landlord or Airbnb host, you should certainly add the HUD portal to your property source list. However, it’s important to realize that there are a few restrictions for investors.
As we mentioned earlier, HUD properties are listed in bidding periods. The first period is an “exclusive listing period” and only accepts offers from owner-occupant buyers, non-profit organizations, and government entities. In other words, they are initially offered to buyers who intend to live in them as their primary residence.
After that 15-day period, if no offer has been submitted, HUD opens up an extended bidding period to investors. At that point, you may submit a bid to purchase the property as some type of investment.
What happens if a HUD property is not sold?
HUD lists its foreclosure homes for six months before taking other actions. If the home is not sold within that time frame, they can sell the property to a nonprofit or government agency for $1. The home must then be transformed into either affordable housing for families within the community, or benefit the area in some other way.
HUD also offers programs for public servants such as teachers and police officers. This program, called the Good Neighbor Next Door, provides teachers, police officers, firefighters, and EMTs with a 50% discount off the list price of eligible HUD homes.
This program aims to revitalize and strengthen communities by having public servants live and work in the same place.
Is a HUD Home Right for You?
Be aware of the potential for both risk and reward. Start by evaluating your wishlist for a home, whether it’s for yourself or as an investment.
If you’re looking for a move-in ready house, it may not be right for you. It’s also not a good idea if you’re risk-averse. Even if you perform a home inspection, it may not catch every single problem with a home.
Even after the former owner vacates the property, it takes time for the original lender to process the paperwork and transfer the property to HUD. Then HUD must perform an appraisal and go through the listing process. This lengthy process can lead to additional neglect and damage incurred to the property.
The Reality of Distressed Properties
On the plus side, you may have the opportunity to gain some quick equity, depending on the location, condition, and final sales price. This is especially true if you’re willing to buy a fixer-upper.
As long as you understand the process and the associated risks of buying a HUD home, you can potentially put yourself into a better financial situation. This includes a lower monthly mortgage payment and greater home equity.
Just be realistic about what you’re willing to put into a home (both time and money). Furthermore, play out worst-case scenarios and make sure you’re ok with each of them. With an open and informed mind, you could get a great housing deal with HUD.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I purchase a HUD home?
You can purchase a HUD home by submitting a bid through an approved real estate broker, or by submitting an offer directly to HUD.
Who is eligible to purchase a HUD home?
Anyone can purchase a HUD home. However, certain restrictions may apply, such as income limits and owner occupancy requirements.
Is there a minimum bid requirement for HUD homes?
No, HUD does not specify a fixed minimum bid amount for its homes. The acceptable bid varies based on the property’s appraised value and market conditions. Very low bids are less likely to be accepted, especially during initial periods reserved for owner-occupants. For specific bidding information, consult the HUD Home Store or a real estate agent with HUD experience.
Can I buy a HUD home as a vacation property or second home?
HUD homes are primarily intended for buyers who will use them as their primary residence. There are specific periods during the bidding process when only owner-occupant bids are considered. However, if a HUD home remains unsold after these periods, it may become available for purchase as a vacation or second home.
Is it possible to negotiate the price of a HUD home?
Unlike traditional real estate transactions, the price of a HUD home is generally non-negotiable. HUD homes are priced at fair market value, considering their condition. The bidding process is the primary way to determine the final sale price, and HUD will accept the highest reasonable offer.
How long does it take to close on a HUD home after my bid is accepted?
The closing process for a HUD home can vary, but it generally takes longer than a traditional home purchase. Typically, you can expect the closing process to take anywhere from 30 to 60 days from the acceptance of your bid. This timeframe can be affected by various factors, including the type of financing and the specific procedures of your local HUD office.
Are HUD homes eligible for home warranties?
HUD homes are sold ‘as-is’ and do not come with warranties. Buyers are encouraged to have a home inspection before making a bid to understand any potential issues. However, after purchase, homeowners can independently obtain home warranties from private providers for future protection.
What is the ‘Good Neighbor Next Door’ program?
The Good Neighbor Next Door program is a HUD initiative aimed at encouraging community revitalization. This program offers a significant discount (up to 50% off the list price) on eligible HUD homes to law enforcement officers, teachers, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians who commit to living in the property as their primary residence for at least 36 months.
While the dream of homeownership might seem elusive on a tight budget, the availability of low income home loans offers a beacon of hope.
These specialized loans come in handy, particularly when the obstacles of saving for a down payment loom large—a common hurdle if you’re already strapped with rent payments.
So if you’re wondering how to bridge the financial gap between renting and owning, read on to explore the various low income home loan programs that could unlock the door to your future home.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
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Can I buy a house with low income?
Yes, you can buy a house with a low income by qualifying for housing assistance programs and special mortgage loans. That’s because there is no minimum income requirement to buy a house.
However, your ability to do so will depend on a variety of factors specific to your financial situation. A mortgage lender will examine your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment to determine if you qualify.
Check your mortgage eligibility. Start here
What are low income home loans?
The path to homeownership can be fraught with challenges, particularly for those with limited financial resources. Enter low income home loans—a specialized type of mortgage designed to level the playing field for buyers facing financial barriers.
Low-income mortgage programs focus on addressing the common challenges that low-income earners encounter, such as managing debt, maintaining less-than-stellar credit scores, and struggling to save for a significant down payment.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Minimal down payment requirements: One of the most daunting aspects of buying a home is accumulating a large down payment. Low income home loans often require smaller down payments, making it easier for buyers to make the initial leap.
Lenient credit criteria: Having a perfect credit score is not always feasible, especially when living on a limited income. These loans often have more flexible credit requirements, allowing for a broader range of credit histories.
Reduced costs at closing: High closing costs can be another hurdle. Low income home loan programs may offer reduced or even waived closing costs in certain circumstances.
Competitive mortgage interest rates: High interest rates can quickly make a mortgage unaffordable. Low income home loans often feature competitive interest rates, reducing long-term costs.
Lower mortgage insurance premiums: Some programs offer reduced premiums for mortgage insurance, further lowering monthly payments.
Interestingly enough, some of these programs often have income caps, essentially barring applicants who have incomes that are considered too high. This ensures that the programs benefit those who need them most.
Requirements for low income home loans
Your ability to qualify for a loan is not solely based on your income. Lenders will assess your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a key metric that represents your monthly debts as a percentage of your monthly income. Generally, a DTI under 35% is viewed as favorable, making you a more appealing candidate for a mortgage.
If saving a down payment is your chief concern, don’t worry; there are plenty of options that require minimal, or sometimes zero, down payments. Despite common misconceptions, a 20% down payment is not a universal requirement.
Additional Assistance
Beyond the loan itself, there are various homebuyer assistance programs that can help with the down payment and closing costs. Some of these are structured as grants that don’t require repayment, making it easier to achieve the dream of owning a home.
Navigating the complexities of mortgages and home buying can be intimidating, but low income home loans and assistance programs offer a lifeline to those who dream of owning their own home. These financial products and services are tailored to alleviate the most common obstacles, offering a viable path to homeownership for those who may have thought it was out of reach.
Low income home loans
Low income home buyers have plenty of loan options and special assistance programs to help with a home purchase. Here’s what you can expect.
Check your mortgage eligibility. Start here
Loan Type
Credit Score
Down Payment
Unique Requirements
HomeReady
Generally 620
As low as 3%
Income limits based on area, homebuyer education course required
Home Possible
Generally 660
As low as 3%
Must be primary residence, income limits may apply, can include 1-4 unit properties
Must be a qualifying service member, veteran, or eligible spouse; primary residence only
USDA Loans
Usually 640
No down payment required
Must be in a qualifying rural area, income limits apply, primary residence only
HomeReady and Home Possible mortgages
Fannie Mae’s HomeReady program and Freddie Mac’s Home Possible loan are geared toward lower-income home buyers. You need only 3% down to qualify, and there is no minimum “required contribution” from the borrower. That means the money can come from a gift, grant, or loan from an acceptable source.
Even better, the home seller can pay closing costs worth up to 3% of the purchase price. Instead of negotiating a lower sales price, try asking the seller to cover your closing costs.
Private mortgage insurance (PMI) may also be discounted for these low income home loans. You’re likely to get a lower PMI rate than borrowers with standard conventional mortgages, which could save you a lot of money from month to month.
“This is the biggest benefit,” says Jon Meyer, The Mortgage Reports loan expert and licensed mortgage loan originator. “The PMI is offered at a lower rate than with a standard conventional loan.”
Finally, Home Possible and HomeReady might make special allowances for applicants with low incomes. For instance, HomeReady lets you add income from a renter on your mortgage application, as long as they’ve lived with you for at least a year prior. This can help boost your qualifying income and make it easier to get financing.
You might qualify for HomeReady or Home Possible if your household income is below local income limits and you have a credit score between 620 and 660.
FHA loans
FHA loans offer flexible approval requirements for repeat and first-time home buyers alike. This program, which the Federal Housing Administration backs, relaxes borrowers’ standards to get a mortgage. This can open up the home-buying process to more renters.
You might be able to get an FHA home loan with a debt-to-income ratio (DTI) up to 45% or a credit score as low as 580 while paying only 3.5% down
Select FHA lenders even allow credit scores as low as 500, provided the buyer can make a 10% down payment
Thanks to these perks and others, the FHA loan is one of the most popular low-down-payment mortgages on the market.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
VA loans
Veterans Affairs-backed VA loans provide military homebuyers with a number of advantages.
No down payment requirement. You can finance 100% of the purchase price. You can also refinance 100% of your home’s value using a VA loan
No mortgage insurance. But you will pay a one-time VA Funding Fee. You can wrap it into the loan amount.
No minimum credit score. Although lenders are allowed to add their own minimums. Those that do often require a FICO score of at least 580 to 620.
Sellers can pay up to 4% of the purchase price in closing costs. So if you find a motivated seller, you could potentially get into a home with nothing out of pocket
If you’re a veteran, active-duty service member, or surviving spouse, the VA mortgage program should be your first stop.
Check your VA loan eligibility. Start here
USDA loans
If you’re not buying in a large city, you may qualify for a USDA home loan. Officially called the Single-Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, the USDA loan was created to help moderate- and low-income borrowers buy homes in rural areas.
With a USDA loan, you can buy a home with no money down. The only catch is that you must buy in a USDA-approved rural area (though these are more widespread than you might think). You can find out if the property you’re buying is located in a USDA-eligible rural area and whether you meet local income limits using the USDA’s eligibility maps.
Your monthly payments might be cheaper, too. That’s because interest and mortgage insurance rates are typically lower for USDA loans than for FHA or conforming loans.
There are two types of USDA loans.
The Guaranteed Program is for buyers with incomes up to 115% of their Area Median Income (AMI)
The Direct Program is for those with incomes between 50% and 80% of the AMI
Standard USDA-guaranteed loans are available from many mainstream lenders. But the Direct program requires borrowers to work directly with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
You typically need a credit score of 640 or higher to qualify.
Check your USDA loan eligibility. Start here
Low income home loan programs
Aside from mortgages that are designed to help people with low incomes buy a home, there are also a number of other programs that offer help to make homeownership more accessible.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Program
Description
Who Is Eligible
Hud Homes
Discounted homes sold by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Low- to moderate-income families, with preference for those who will make it their primary residence. May include single-family homes.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
Vouchers to subsidize the cost of housing in the private market.
Low-income families; must meet income and other criteria set by state and local housing programs.
Good Neighbor Next Door
Significant discounts on homes for teachers, firefighters, police officers, and EMTs.
Must commit to living in the property as a primary residence for at least 36 months. Includes single-family homes.
HFA Loans
Loans offered by state Housing Finance Agencies with reduced interest rates and down payment assistance.
First-time or repeat buyers with low to moderate incomes must meet income requirements. Often, it must be a primary residence.
Down Payment Assistance
Grants or loans to cover the down payment and sometimes closing costs.
Typically for low- to moderate-income families, though criteria can vary by program. Often for single-family homes.
State or Local Assistance
Various grants, loans, or tax credits are offered at the state or local level.
Eligibility varies but usually targets low- to moderate-income families. May include single-family homes.
Mortgage Credit Certificates
Tax credit to reduce federal income tax liability.
First-time homebuyers who meet income requirements; must be primary residence.
Manufactured and Mobile Homes
Loans or grants specifically for manufactured or mobile homes.
Low- to moderate-income families; must meet criteria set by specific housing programs. Usually must be primary residence.
Hud Homes
When the FHA forecloses on homes, those properties are often put up for sale as HUD Homes. And, you can generally purchase one at a steep discount. To qualify for a HUD Home, it will need to be your primary residence for at least 12 months. Additionally, you must not have purchased another HUD in the past 24 months.
Keep in mind that HUD Homes are sold as-is. Many are fixer-uppers. Moreover, HUD Homes are purchased through a bidding process. You’ll need a real estate agent or mortgage broker licensed with HUD to bid on an FHA property.
You can find HUD Homes on the official HUD website, hudhomestore.com. There, you’ll see all HUD real estate owned (REO) single-family properties in your area.
Good Neighbor Next Door
The Good Neighbor Next Door program offers unique benefits for nurses, first responders, and teachers. If you’re eligible, you can buy HUD foreclosure homes at a 50% discount. Use an FHA mortgage, and you only need $100 for a down payment.
You can find the homes on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development website. You’ll also need a HUD-licensed real estate agent to put your offer in for you.
If your offer is accepted and you qualify for financing, you get the home. The 50% discount makes homeownership a lot more affordable. However, be aware that this discount is actually a second mortgage. But it has no interest and requires no payments. Live in the home for three years, and the second mortgage is forgiven entirely.
HFA home loans
Not to be confused with FHA loans, HFA loans are offered in partnership with state and local Housing Finance Authorities.
Many HFA loans are conventional mortgages backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They may require as little as 3% down, and many HFA programs can be used with down payment assistance to reduce the upfront cost of home buying.
Borrowers who qualify for an HFA loan might also be in line for discounted mortgage rates and mortgage insurance premiums. To qualify, you’ll typically need a credit score of at least 620. But eligibility requirements vary by program.
Find and contact your state’s public housing finance agency or authority to learn more and see if you qualify. Also, be aware that this type of loan program will require additional approval steps that may make loan closing take longer.
Down payment assistance programs (DPAs)
Down payment assistance is exactly what it sounds like. It provides help with down payments on home purchases and often closing costs. Government agencies, nonprofits, and other sources commonly offer down payment and closing cost assistance. They are usually in the form of a grant or loan (though the loans may be forgiven if you stay in the house for five to ten years).
Most DPA programs target low-income home buyers and have guidelines that make qualifying easier. Some, however, provide assistance to people who buy in “underserved” or “redevelopment” areas, regardless of income. Many DPA programs offer assistance worth tens of thousands of dollars.
Talk to a lender about your options. Start here
Mortgage Credit Certificates (MCCs)
Mortgage credit certificates (MCCs) can stretch your home-buying power. If you meet income requirements, you could get a tax credit equal to some percentage of your mortgage interest. Lenders are allowed to add this credit to your qualifying income when underwriting your mortgage. This allows you to qualify for a higher mortgage amount than you otherwise could.
There are numerous states, counties, and cities that issue mortgage credit certificates, and their regulations and amounts vary greatly. Check with your local housing finance authority to find out whether MCCs are available where you live.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
The Housing Choice Voucher homeownership program (HCV) provides both rental and home buying assistance to eligible low-income households. Also known as Section 8, this program allows low-income home buyers to use housing vouchers to purchase their own homes.
Because local public housing agencies run these voucher programs, eligibility varies depending on location. Still, you’ll likely need to meet the following requirements:
Program-specific income and employment conditions
Being a first-time home buyer
Completing a pre-assistance homeownership and counseling program
Keep in mind that not all states offer voucher programs, and some programs have waiting lists. Also, these programs could limit how much you can sell the home for later on. To find out if your area offers a participating program, use the HUD locator web tool.
Manufactured and mobile homes
A manufactured home usually costs less than a traditional, site-built home. When placed on approved foundations and taxed as real estate, manufactured homes can be financed with mainstream mortgage programs.
Many programs require slightly higher down payments or more restrictive terms for manufactured homes. HomeReady, for example, increases the minimum down payment from 3% to 5% if you finance a manufactured home. Other programs require the home to be brand new.
Additionally, there are often requirements regarding the year the home was built and the property’s foundation. These guidelines will vary between lenders. Mobile homes that are not classified as real estate can be purchased with personal loans like the FHA’s Title 2 program. These are not mortgages because the homes are not considered real estate.
Check your mortgage options. Start here
Tips for buying a house with low income
Whether you’re buying a new home or your first home, these tips can help you achieve your homeownership goals.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Improve your credit history
Improving your FICO score is the best way to increase your chances of loan approval and qualify for lower mortgage rates.
The credit score needed to purchase a home varies depending on the type of loan you apply for. Conventional loans typically require a score of at least 620, while FHA loans often require at least 580.
Start by pulling free credit reports from annualcreditreport.com to determine your current score. Next, consider a few of the common methods for increasing credit scores. The amount of work that you’ll need to do will depend on your personal financial situation.
As an example, if your credit score is low because you’re using too much of your available credit, you may benefit from a debt consolidation loan to tame your high-interest account balances and improve your credit utilization.
On the other hand, if your credit history reveals missed payments, you’ll need to show at least 12 months of regular, on-time payments to improve your score.
Save for a down payment
The average first-time home buyer puts just 13% down on a new home. Yet, many loan programs require as little as 3% down or no down payment at all.
Remember that you still have to pay closing costs, which are typically around 2% to 5% of your mortgage loan amount. If you put less than 20% down, you’ll almost certainly have to pay for mortgage insurance.
In addition, you may need cash reserves in your savings account. This assures lenders that you can make your monthly mortgage payments should you suffer a financial setback. However, don’t let the down payment scare you away from homeownership. Many buyers qualify without even knowing it.
Pay down debts
Paying down debts will lower your debt-to-income ratio and improve your odds of mortgage approval. This is especially true for those with high-interest credit card debt.
You’ll likely qualify for lower rates when you have:
A low debt-to-income ratio (DTI)
High credit score
3% to 5% down payment
Stable income for the past two consecutive years
Use a first-time home buyer program
First-time buyer programs offer flexible guidelines for qualified buyers. Plus, these special programs exist in every state to help low-income households achieve homeownership.
Unlike traditional conventional loans, the government backs many first-time buyer mortgages. This allows mortgage lenders to offer loans with better rates and lower credit score requirements than they normally would be able to.
Verify your low income home loan eligibility. Start here
Model your budget
Owning a home requires more than qualifying for a loan and making monthly mortgage payments. Homeowners are responsible for a variety of ongoing costs, including:
Homeowners insurance
Property taxes
Mortgage insurance (in many cases)
Utility bills
Ongoing home maintenance
Home improvements
Appliance repair and replacement
Home buyers who have experience paying these ongoing costs of homeownership will be better prepared for the big day when they get the keys to their dream home.
Plus, sticking to this model budget in the months and years before purchasing a home and then saving the money you would spend on housing costs, such as insurance premiums and utilities, is a great way to build cash reserves and save for a down payment.
Use a co-signer
If you’re on the edge of qualifying for your own loan, using a co-signer may be an option.
Essentially, when you buy a house with a co-signer, you and your co-signer are both responsible for making the monthly payments. You’ll both also build and share in the home’s equity. Purchasing a home with a co-signer is quite common among unmarried couples, friends, and family members.
FAQ: Low income home loans
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
How do you buy a house with low income?
To buy a house with a low income, you have to know which mortgage program will accept your application. A few popular options include: FHA loans (allowing low income and as little as 3.5 percent down with a 580 credit score); USDA loans (for low-income buyers in rural and suburban areas); VA loans (a zero-down option for veterans and service members); and HomeReady or Home Possible (conforming loans for low-income buyers with just 3 percent down).
I make $25K a year; can I buy a house?
Mortgage experts recommend spending no more than 28 percent of your gross monthly income on a housing payment. So if you make $25K per year, you can likely afford around $580 per month for a house payment. Assuming a fixed interest rate of 6 percent and a 3 percent down payment, that might buy you a house worth about $100,000. But that’s only a rough estimate. Talk with a mortgage lender to get the exact numbers for your situation.
How do I qualify for a low-income mortgage?
Whether or not you qualify for a low income home loan depends on the program. For example, you might qualify for an FHA mortgage with just 3.5 percent down and a 580 credit score. Or, if your house is in a qualified area and you’re below local income caps, you might be able to get a zero-down USDA mortgage. Veterans can qualify for a low-income mortgage using a VA loan. Or, you can apply for the mortgage with a co-borrower and qualify based on combined incomes.
What programs are available for first-time home buyers?
Low income home loans can help first-time home buyers overcome hurdles like low credit or income, smaller down payments, or high levels of debt. A few good programs for first-time home buyers include Freddie Mac’s Home Possible mortgage, Fannie Mae’s HomeReady mortgage, the Conventional 97 mortgage, and government-backed loans like FHA, USDA, and VA. First-time home buyers can also apply for down payment assistance grants through their state or local housing department.
Can the government help me buy a house?
There are a number of ways the government can help you buy a house. Perhaps the most direct way to get help is by applying for down payment assistance. This is a grant or low-interest loan to help you make a down payment. You can also buy a house using a government-backed mortgage, like the FHA or USDA. With these programs, the government essentially insures the loan, so you can buy with a lower income, credit score, or down payment than you could otherwise.
How do I buy a house without proof of income?
You can no longer buy a house without proof of income. You have to prove you can pay the loan back somehow. But there are modern alternatives to stated-income loans. For instance, you can show “proof of income” through bank statements, assets, or retirement accounts instead of W2 tax forms (the traditional method). Many people who want to buy a house without proof of income these days find a bank statement loan to be a good option.
How do you rent to own?
A lease option or rent-to-own home isn’t exactly what it sounds like. You don’t simply rent until the house is paid off. Instead, you usually pay a higher rent for a set period of time. That excess rent then goes toward a down payment when you buy the house at a later date. Rent-to-own might help you buy a house if you don’t have a lot of cash on hand right now or if you need to improve your credit score before applying for a mortgage. However, rent-to-own requires seller cooperation and comes with unique risks.
Can I rent-to-own with no down payment?
Rent-to-own does not mean you can buy a house with no down payment. When you rent-to-own, you’re paying extra rent each month that will go toward your down payment later on. And usually, rent-to-own contracts include an option fee that’s a lot like a down payment. The option fee is smaller. Think 1 percent of the purchase price instead of 3 to 20 percent. And that fee eventually goes toward your purchase. But it’s still a few thousand dollars you must pay upfront to secure the right to buy the home later on.
Can I get a grant to buy a house?
Qualified buyers can get a grant to buy a house. These are called down payment assistance grants. They won’t pay for the whole house, but they can help cover your down payment to make a mortgage more affordable. You’re most likely to qualify for a grant to buy a house if you have a low to moderate income and live in a target area.
What type of low income home loan is the easiest to qualify for?
FHA loans are generally the easiest low income home loan to qualify for. The federal government insures these loans, which means lenders can relax their qualifying rules. It’s possible for a home buyer with a credit score of 500 to get approved for an FHA loan, but most FHA lenders look for scores of 580 or better. And a FICO score of 580 lets you make the FHA’s minimum down payment of 3.5 percent.
How can I get a home loan with low monthly payments?
To get the lowest possible monthly payment, choose a 30-year loan term, find a cheaper home, put more money down, and make sure you have excellent credit before applying for your mortgage. If you can afford a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid PMI premiums, which lower your monthly payments even more. Veterans can get VA loans that require no PMI, regardless of their down payment size.
What’s the lowest amount you can put on a house?
Some home buyers can put no money down with a VA or USDA loan. Conventional loans will require at least 3 percent down, and FHA loans will require at least 3.5 percent down. Down payment assistance grants and loans could help you cover some or all of this down payment.
How much house can I afford if I make $30K a year?
If you make $30,000 a year, you could probably spend about $110,000 on a house, assuming you get a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6 percent. This is a rough estimate. Your unique financial situation may be different. Getting a pre-approval from a lender is the only way to find your actual price range.
What are today’s mortgage rates for low income home loans?
Many low-income mortgage programs have lower interest rates than “standard” mortgage loans. So you might get a great deal.
However, interest rates vary depending on the borrower, the loan program, and the lender.
To find out where you stand, you’ll need to compare loan offers from several lenders and then choose your best deal.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Before most house hunters can close the deal, they need to qualify for a mortgage. Learning how to apply for a mortgage in advance — and breaking the process down into digestible steps — can help applicants feel better prepared and avoid any unpleasant surprises during the process. (Good news: The mortgage application process is one of those things that is more complicated to explain than to experience!)
Ready to learn how to apply for a home loan? Here are the nine steps in the mortgage process, including moves you can make that may expedite your approval.
1. Estimate Your Budget
Before any mortgage application, your first step should be figuring out how much house you can afford. Being realistic about your budget — factoring in income, debts, monthly spending, down payment savings, and more — can keep you from shopping outside your budget.
Certain budgeting guidelines can help you determine what kind of monthly mortgage payment you can afford. You’ll also want to figure in homeowners insurance, property taxes, and (possibly) private mortgage insurance, or PMI. Some popular methods for calculating your mortgage budget include:
• The 28% rule: No more than 28% of your gross monthly income should go to a mortgage payment.
• The 35% / 45% guideline: Your total monthly debt should be no more than 35% of your pre-tax income or 45% of your post-tax income.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
When calculating your budget, don’t forget the down payment. A higher down payment can yield a lower monthly payment — and putting down 20% or more could help you avoid PMI — but don’t drain your savings for a down payment. You want to have savings on hand should you need to cover emergency home repair costs down the line.
💡 Quick Tip: SoFi Home Loans are available with flexible term options and down payments as low as 3%.*
2. Choose a Mortgage Type and Term
There are many different mortgage types, and choosing one will depend on your income, down payment, location, financial approach, and lifestyle.
Some choices you’ll need to make at this stage of the mortgage process are:
• A conventional home loan or government-insured loan (FHA loan, USDA loan, or VA loan)
• A fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage
• Your repayment term: typically 15, 20, or 30 years
• A conforming or nonconforming loan (such as a jumbo loan)
• If you should opt for an interest-only mortgage
A good lender will walk you through your options, whether it’s a HUD home requiring an FHA mortgage or a high-priced home with a jumbo loan.
3. Get Preapproved
At this stage in the mortgage application process, you can shop around for multiple mortgage lenders and even get prequalified. Look for lenders that not only offer you a great rate but that are also willing to help you navigate the mortgage process. Here are a few questions to ask a lender to narrow down your list.
Found the perfect lender? Then it’s time to get preapproved. During the mortgage preapproval process, you’ll complete a full mortgage application. The lender will perform a hard credit inquiry and issue a letter confirming your ability to borrow a certain amount of money.
In general, the better your credit score, the better the mortgage rate you’ll be approved for. If your score is above 740, you’ll qualify for the best rates. But in general, you’ll need a minimum 620 credit score to buy a house.
A preapproval letter, usually good for up to 90 days, can improve your odds of winning over a seller in a bidding war. In competitive markets, having a preapproval letter may even be a requirement.
Getting preapproved requires some work on your part. You’ll need to furnish the lender with proof that you can afford the mortgage, which typically includes the following documents:
• Bank statements
• Paystubs
• Tax returns
• W-2s
• Retirement account statements
• Gift letter (if you received help from a family member to fund your down payment)
• Identification
Mortgage lenders prefer borrowers who have stable, predictable incomes. A steady employment history signals to the lender that you have regular income coming in to make the monthly payments of a mortgage. That’s why it’s easier to get approval as a W-2 employee than as a self-employed worker.
In general, lenders like to see two years of employment on a loan application. Self-employed individuals will submit two years of tax returns.
Recommended: What’s the Difference Between a Hard and Soft Credit Inquiry?
4.Find a Property and Make an Offer
Your real estate agent will guide you through the process of finding a property and making an offer on a house. The offer is typically written by the buyer’s agent on a standardized form.
Only make offers on properties that fall within the amount you’ve been preapproved for. Otherwise, the lender will need to re-process your full application again. If you don’t qualify for the new, larger amount, you may not be able to secure any loan on the property.
Your offer will typically include earnest money — a good-faith deposit you’re making on the house. It’s usually 1% to 3% of the offer price, and it’s meant to make your offer more attractive to the buyer.
If your offer is accepted, you’ll send the signed paperwork to your lender.
5. Submit a Mortgage Application
Lenders are required to do a second credit check before final mortgage loan approval and will likely ask for further documentation. If you’ve opened a new account, changed jobs, or made a major purchase since preapproval, those actions will have to be vetted.
Responding quickly to your lender’s requests for documentation can help keep your application on track. Your lender likely has most of the required forms from your preapproval application, but in general, you’ll need:
• Documentation of income: W-2s or 1099s, profit-and-loss statements if self-employed, paystubs, Social Security and retirement account info, information on alimony and child support, etc.
• Documentation of assets: Bank accounts, real estate, investment accounts, gifted funds, etc.
• Documentation of debts: Any current mortgage if you own a home, car loans, credit cards, student loans, etc.
• Information on property: Street address, sale price, property size, property taxes, etc.
• Employment documentation: Current employer information, salary information, position/title, length of time at employer, etc.
💡 Quick Tip: Your parents or grandparents probably got mortgages for 30 years. But these days, you can get them for 20, 15, or 10 years — and pay less interest over the life of the loan.
6. Be Patient and Avoid New Debt
The average time between submitting a mortgage application and closing is 50 days. During this period, it’s wise to observe a self-imposed “credit freeze.” That is, don’t run up your credit cards beyond what you usually spend each month. Put off major purchases. Don’t apply for new credit cards, auto loans, or take on any other new debt. And, of course, make sure to pay all your bills on time.
If there’s any significant change in your credit history, your closing may be delayed or even derailed. Should something major come up (like an expensive medical emergency), call your lender to let them know.
It can be tough feeling like your life is on hold while you’re waiting for your mortgage application to be processed. Try to be patient and just let the process play out. Now is a good time to reach out to friends and family who have been through the mortgage loan process before and commiserate. Consider this your orientation into the homeownership club.
Recommended: What’s a Mortgage Commitment Letter?
7. Get a Home Inspection
Home inspections may not be required — but they’re a crucial part of the mortgage loan process. Hire an inspector (your real estate agent may have recommendations, but you can shop around) to thoroughly check the property inside and out for undisclosed problems. If the inspector uncovers expensive issues, you may negotiate for a price reduction or back out of the deal without penalty.
Inspectors will look for a wide range of issues, but some inspectors are more thorough than others. Review this home inspection checklist to make sure your inspector will cover all the bases. In some cases, a general home inspector may find an issue that requires a more specific expert to take a look (and yes, that’ll cost more money — but it may be worth the cost).
Don’t let the infatuation with your dream home blind you. If there are serious issues that come up during the inspection and the sellers won’t budge on price (or agree to fix them before closing), seriously consider walking away. You won’t recoup the money you paid for the inspection — a home inspection costs between $300 and $500 — but if it keeps you from investing in a money pit, it’s money well spent.
8. Go Through the Mortgage Underwriting Process
A major part of mortgage loan processing is the underwriting process. But what is underwriting? The underwriting process begins after you complete your mortgage application and ends after all the documentation has been completed and includes the appraisal. During this process, the underwriter examines the borrower’s financials, as well as the appraisal, title search, and proof of homeowners insurance.
An appraisal is an independent property evaluation of a home’s value. It will describe the home and what makes it valuable. Factors that affect the appraisal value include the location, condition, amenities and features, and market conditions in the area.
A lender requires a home appraisal to ensure that it isn’t lending more than the property is worth. If the appraisal comes in too low, the lender won’t lend extra money to cover the gap. Buyers will need to cover the difference with their own money or renegotiate the price with the seller to match the appraisal.
Once the appraisal is complete and all documentation has been reviewed and verified, the underwriter will recommend approval, denial, or pending. A pending decision is given when information is incomplete. You may still be able to get the loan by providing the documentation asked for.
After underwriting approval with a “clear to close,” you’re set to close on your loan.
Recommended: Local Housing Market Trends
9. Close on Your New Home
Closing day is when all parties sign the final documents, and ownership is legally transferred from the sellers.
In the days prior to your close, the lender should provide a final list of closing costs. Closing costs are typically 3% to 6% of the mortgage principal and consist of:
• Lender fees
• Appraisal and survey fees
• Title service
• Recording fees
• Home warranty costs
• First year’s premium of PMI
You can pay closing costs by wire transfer a day or two before, or by cashier’s check or certified check the day of closing.
Before arriving at closing, however, you’ll want to do a final walk-through of the property. During this walk-through, confirm that the sellers have made all the repairs agreed to — and that the buyers haven’t removed anything, like appliances, that were meant to be left, per the purchase agreement.
In the past, buyers and sellers, their agents, and lawyers would gather in the same room to sign the paperwork at closing. In recent years, remote online closings have become more common.
The Takeaway
Applying for and securing a home mortgage loan follows a simple process that can seem complicated the first time you do it. But if you reply to questions promptly and are organized with your documents, it’s actually pretty simple — even if it does involve a little waiting time.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
What are the first steps of applying for a mortgage?
The first step when applying for a mortgage is estimating how much house you can actually afford. Once you have an idea of your budget, you can research mortgage types and lenders and get preapproved for a loan.
What are the steps of mortgage loan processing?
During mortgage loan processing, an underwriter will first review your personal information and information about the sale property to determine approval. The potential lender will request an appraisal of the home, and also request additional documents from you as needed. Finally, the underwriter will recommend approval or denial of the loan.
How long is a mortgage loan in processing?
It takes a little under two months from the date you submit your mortgage application and close on the house — the average timeline is 50 days. In some scenarios, you may be able to close in as little as 30 days.
How do you know when your mortgage loan is approved?
Your mortgage loan officer will contact you when your loan is approved. They may call you to give you the good news, but you’ll want to see it in writing so watch for an email as well.
What should I avoid after applying for a mortgage?
You want to keep your financial situation as stable as possible during the mortgage application process. That means don’t open new credit accounts, and keep your credit utilization down (no extra swipes on those credit cards). Don’t fall behind on any bill, either.
Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub
*SoFi requires PMI for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Minimum down payment varies by loan type.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Last Updated on February 25, 2022 by Mark Ferguson
Buying one rental property may not make you a ton of money right away. However, rentals can be an amazing investment when held for the long-term and when multiple properties are purchased. There is also the opportunity to buy larger commercial or multifamily properties, which can increase returns as well. With a good rental property, you should be making money every month (cash flow); you should make money as soon as you buy by getting a great deal; you will have fantastic tax advantages, you can use financing which greatly reduces the amount of cash needed; and the property value and rents will most likely go up in value over time.
Rental properties have been a great investment for me. I make more than $100,000 a year from the cash flow on my rental properties after all expenses including mortgages, property management, maintenance, and vacancies. I now have 20 rental properties which are a mix of residential and commercial. I bought my first rental property in December of 2010 for $97k. I started with residential properties but now buy almost all commercial, including a 68,000-square-foot strip mall in 2018.
You cannot buy just any property and turn it into a rental if you want to make a lot of money. You have to buy properties below market value with great cash flow to be a successful rental property owner. Not only do I make money every month from my rentals with minimal work, but my rentals have also increased my net worth thanks to buying below market value and appreciation (I don’t like to count on appreciation, but it is a nice bonus). This is not just a hypothetical article. I have owned rentals for many years, kept track of their returns, and written many articles about what I have learned.
The cool thing about real estate is while I have more than $6,000,000 worth of rental properties, it did not take millions of dollars to buy them.
Why did I choose rentals?
One of my passions is automobiles. I purchased a 1986 Porsche 928 a few years ago, and I absolutely love that car. I also have a 1999 Lamborghini Diablo, a 1981 Aston Martin V8, a 1998 Lotus Esprit Twin Turbo, and a few other cars. In my early 20s, I never thought I could afford any of these cars in my early. However, I started to make decent money as a real estate agent in my mid to late 20s. The problem was I was not saving much money. I just kept spending it. I knew if I ever wanted to get ahead in life and be able to afford these cars, I would have to invest the money I was making. I researched everything I could and decided rental properties were the best investment. I worked very hard to save money to buy my first rental.
As soon as I started buying rentals, I could see the fruits of my labor. I was making money every month from rent, I made money as soon as I bought the house because I bought it below market value, and it was forcing me to save money. I wanted to buy as many as I could, and I knew with steady money coming in every month from the rentals I could someday feel comfortable buying expensive cars.
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Why are rentals a good investment?
Not all properties are a good rental, but if you can find properties that are, they can be an amazing investment. A rental property should have a number of attributes
Cash flow
Good rentals will make money every month after paying all expenses. The expenses should include mortgage, taxes, insurance, maintenance, vacancies, and property management. The cash flow is the rent minus all of these expenses. Some people like to shoot for different numbers, but I always liked to see $400 to $500 in cash flow per property.
Buy below market
I get a great deal on every rental I buy. I don’t want to pay retail when I can pay to 20% to 30% less than retail. It is not easy to get great deals, but it is possible. On almost every house I have ever bought, I got a great deal. That instantly increases my net worth, makes me more cash flow, and looks better on my balance sheet for banks.
Leverage
You can put as little down as 20 percent when buying rentals. You can put even less down when buying a property as an owner occupant and then turning the property into a rental.
Tax advantages
Most expenses on rental properties are deductible or depreciable. You can also depreciate the structure of a rental property, which means you can save thousands of dollars each year on your taxes. You can also complete a 1031 exchange on rentals to avoid capital gains taxes.
Appreciation
Many people only talk about housing prices when comparing rentals to the stock market, but appreciation is a bonus. It is not what you are shooting for when buying a rental property because no one knows for sure if prices will go up or when.
It is not easy to find rental properties that are a good investment. It takes me months to find great deals that make over $500 a month like mine typically have, and they are not available in every market. My typical rental property used to cost between $80,000 and $130,000, and it rented for $1,200 to $1,500 a month. I put 20 percent down on the properties and finance the rest with my portfolio lender. I usually end up spending $25,000 to $35,000 in cash to buy each rental property. Cash flow is not the only benefit of rental properties. I slowly pay down the mortgage every month; I have great tax advantages; and they will most likely appreciate.
I am able to save that much cash from each rental property because I make a very good living as a real estate agent as well as from fixing and flipping houses. I like to have nice cars and a nice house, but I always make sure I am saving and investing money first. There are ways to buy rental properties with little money down, but I think you will get further ahead in life by saving as much as possible and investing wisely.
How much do you need to buy a rental?
I go over the exact cost of a rental property here, but let us assume that it costs $30,000 to purchase and repair one rental. You do not have to invest $90,000 a year to buy three rentals a year because you can begin refinancing rental properties after you own them for a year and take cash out to invest in more rentals. You can also save the cash flow from your rental properties to buy more rental properties. I usually buy my properties for about $100,000, with a four percent interest rate and 20 percent down, which leaves a payment of $381 for principal and interest. Those numbers combined with rents from $1,200 to $1,500 a month leave me with at least $500 a month in income from my rental properties.
How much should a rental property cash flow?
It is not easy to make $500 a month in cash flow from a single rental property. I detail how to calculate cash flow here, and I created a cash flow calculator to help people determine cash flow. Cash flow is not the rent minus the mortgage payment: you must consider many other factors. My rents range from $1,250 to $1,600 a month, and my mortgage payments range from $450 to $650 a month. I have to account for maintenance and vacancies on my rental properties, which leaves me with about $500 in profit each month. I buy my properties for $80,000 to $130,000 and usually make quite a few repairs before I rent them out.
What are the long-term returns for someone with little money?
Investing in rental properties can provide fantastic returns when you have a lot of money to invest. Even if you have little money, you can invest in rental properties. I am going to walk through how many years it will take someone to accumulate one million dollars from investing $7,500 a year into long-term rental properties.
The more money you make and save, the easier it is to make one million dollars from rentals. However, even people who do not make a lot of money can get there, although it may take a little longer. I am going to write out this plan assuming someone has a $75,000 salary and can save 10 percent of their income a year.
When you first start out, $7,500 does not go very far, and it takes a lot of money to buy an investment property. Luckily, there are many ways to buy a rental property with much less money if you are an owner occupant or use some of the techniques I discuss here. In the first year, the best bet is to buy a HUD home or REO that needs some work but will still qualify for an FHA or conventional loan. The key to my strategy is buying houses below market value. HUD or REO houses are a great way to do that. We will assume the investor can buy a house similar to the ones I purchase in my area, which cost around $100,000. There are closing costs that the buyer is charged when they get a loan, but you can ask the seller to pay most of your costs.
Buying as an owner occupant year one
The first step is to buy a house. But you cannot buy just any house; you want to buy a house as an owner occupant that you can later turn into a rental. You also want to get a great deal on a house to gain instant equity. To get a great deal on a house, you may have to buy one that needs some repairs. With a HUD home, you can roll $5,000 of the repairs needed into the loan with the FHA escrow and only put 3.5 percent down for the down payment. If the home needs a lot of work, you could use an FHA 203K loan to roll more repairs into the loan. We will assume this house needs $4,000 in work to qualify for a loan, and you bought a HUD home with the costs rolled into the loan. With an FHA loan, you have to pay mortgage insurance every month and an upfront mortgage insurance premium (which could be $200 or more a month).
With a conventional loan, mortgage insurance is much lower than FHA, and you might be able to remove it after two years. However, you may not be able to roll the repairs into the loan, but you could get the seller to fix some items before closing. If the repairs are cosmetic items, you should be able to get a loan without making the repairs before closing. I will assume the total cash needed to close on this hypothetical house is about $5,000. Hopefully, this house was bought below market value because it needed some repairs and was a foreclosure. Once the house is repaired, it should be worth around $125,000.
Since you bought this house as an owner-occupant, you have to live in the home for at least one year.
Year two
After one year, you have gained about $22,000 in net worth; $125,000 – $100,000 purchase price – $4,000 repairs rolled into the loan + $1,000 gained in equity pay down. In year one, no rent was collected because the home was owner-occupied to get a low down payment. In year two, the house is rented out and you can buy another owner-occupied home using the same strategy. When you try to buy a home right away, you won’t be able to count the rent from the first house as income right away. It is best to buy houses priced low enough that you can qualify for two houses at once to make this work. Otherwise, you may have to wait up to a year for the rent to count as income and can buy again.
You can only have one FHA mortgage at a time, so this time you have to get a conventional loan with 5 percent down. In the second year, you have saved up another $7,500 from your job and have $2,500 left over from the first year for a total of $11,500 saved. The second home also costs $100,000, and the seller pays 3 percent closing costs. The down payment needed is $5,000, and $5,000 in repairs are needed on this second house. The total cash needed to buy an owner-occupied home is $10,000 and the repaired value is $125,000.
The first house is rented out for $1,300 a month (which I will do all the time on a $100,000 purchase), and the payment is $550 with taxes and insurance. Add vacancy, maintenance, mortgage insurance and we’ll assume $300 a month in positive cash flow.
Year Three
In the second year, you made $25,000 from buying house number two (equity) and made $3,600 from cash flow. You also made $2,500 from equity pay down on both loans (I am assuming each loan will pay down $500 more each year). In year two, all the savings was used from year one, but you saved $7,500 and made $3,600 in cash flow for a total of $11,100 savings. Buy another house using an owner-occupied loan and use $10,000 of cash. Net worth increases to $53,100 after adding the equity pay down, cash flow and equity gained in the purchase of a new home.
The second house is rented out again using the same figures, although the mortgage insurance may be less because we are using a conventional loan instead of an FHA loan.
Year Four
Another house is bought below market value in year four. Cash flow increases to $7,200 a year plus $1,100 in previous savings and $7,500 saved this year. You now have $17,300 cash saved up before we subtract another $10,000 for the purchase of a new house as well as cash for the repairs. Net worth has increased $25,000 on the purchase plus $4,500 in equity pay down. The total net worth increase is now $90,800 for the last four years.
You own four houses and three of them are rented out. At this point, you may be able to remove the mortgage insurance on the conventional loans that have been held for two years, but I am not going to in my calculations to keep things simple and conservative.
Year Five
In year five, we repeat the entire process again and come up with the following numbers. Cash flow increases to $10,800 and previous savings $5,800 and $7,500 saved up equals $25,600 saved cash. The investor purchases another property and uses $10,000 in cash to leave $15,600 in his cash account. Net worth increases by $7,000 for equity pay down: $10,800 for cash flow and $25,000 for the purchase of a new property. The total increase in net worth is now $133,600.
You may have noticed this investor just mortgaged his fifth house. For many people, getting a loan on more than four houses is very difficult. However, the investor is buying houses as an owner occupant, which makes it much easier to get a loan.
Year Six
The same process is repeated all over again. Cash flow is $14,400, previous cash is $14,100, savings equals $7,500 for $37,500 cash minus $10,000 for a new purchase. The investor has $27,500 left in his bank account. He increases his equity pay down to $13,500, has an increase of $25,000 in net worth from a purchase, and an increase in net worth from cash flow of $14,400. He now has increased his net worth by $186,500.
Year seven
In year seven, the seventh house is purchased. Cash in the bank equals $26,000 from previous savings, $18,000 in cash flow, and $7,500 in new savings, which totals $53,000. You are now able to buy two properties this year! Buy another owner-occupied property using $10,000 and an investor-owned property.
To purchase an investment property, we need to put at least 20% down, and we still need to make repairs. We are buying below market value still, so we are going to assume we are adding $25,000 more a year in equity and $3,600 more a year in cash flow. Estimated costs for down payment and repairs is $32,000 to buy an investment property. You have $11,000 of cash left after buying two properties this year. Net worth increased by $60,500 after adding the usual amounts to total $247,000.
Year eight
Year eight is very exciting because we get to add two properties into the mix instead of just one. With the extra houses added, increased cash flow, and continued equity pay down, our net worth increased $98,200 in just one year! Total net worth is now $345,200, and you are making real progress! You have $42,200 saved up after buying another house in year eight as an owner-occupant, so you can buy another investment property, but won’t, because our margins will be too thin with only a couple thousand in savings.
Even though you are still making only $75,000 a year, you increased your net worth by almost $100,000 a year. There are not many people who can increase their net worth by more than they make in a year!
Year nine
In year nine, you are adding $26,500 in equity pay down, $28,800 in cash flow, $25,000 in built-in equity with purchases, for a total net worth increase of $80,300. Your total net worth increase over nine years is now $425,500. You also have $60,000 saved up after paying for one house as an owner occupant, which is enough to buy another investment property, leaving $26,500 cash left over!
Year ten
In year ten, you have enough cash to buy two more properties and have $28,000 in cash left over. Net worth increases by $114,500, bringing us up to a total increase of $540,000.
Year eleven
You can buy two more properties and increase your net worth by $129,200 for a total of $669,200. Cash flow is at $43,200 a year, and there is $36,700 of cash left over after buying two more properties. You could buy a third house this year but decide not to stretch your limits. You need to make sure you have plenty of reserves for the rentals.
Year twelve
This year, you buy three houses because there is $94,600 in cash available. After buying the three houses, there is $22,100 cash left in savings, equity was paid down, and $44,500 and $50,400 in cash flow was generated. Total net worth is now $814,100! You are getting closer to making one million dollars investing in real estate!
Year thirteen
You have increased your net worth by $190,200 this year because you bought three houses last year. The total net worth increase is now $1,004,300! Your actual net worth will be higher than this because I did not calculate savings from your income into the net worth, just the gain from buying rental properties. Cash flow is now $61,200 a year, and you have paid off $54,000 of equity in one year!
You own 16 rental properties which are producing over $60,000 a year! The incredible part is we did not increase the rents at all, even though they are likely to go up over thirteen years. We assumed there was no appreciation, even though there likely will be over that time. Due to the tax advantages of rentals, you are probably taking home as much in passive income from your rentals as you are from your job.
Things we did not consider
This was a very basic calculation for how to make one million dollars investing in rental properties. It would take a book to go through all the variables and possible roadblocks that might come into play. Here are a few items we did not consider, which would have an impact on the time it takes to reach one million dollars in increased net worth.
Inflation will increase the prices of homes and wages as well as rents. While the investor has to pay more for houses each year, he will also be making more and saving more. The biggest factor is the rent increases. His rent on the first houses he buys will increase as time goes on, but his payments will stay the same. His cash flow will increase greatly as time goes on, which we did not account for.
Taxes were not accounted for either because that gets very complicated. The cash flow the investor is making would be income, but the investor could offset that with depreciation from the rental properties. I assumed those two factors even themselves out.
Investment property purchases had 20 percent down, where the owner-occupant purchases had 5 percent down. There should be an increase in cash flow on the investment property purchases because of the lower down payment, but I left them the same to make the math easier.
Refinancing was not considered either, but the investor could easily have refinanced a couple of properties to get more cash out to buy more rental properties. This would have increased cash flow and net worth due to the increased number of properties purchased.
Obtaining more than 4 or more than ten mortgages can be difficult. I am assuming the investor is able to get as many loans as possible with a lender. I can have as many loans as I want with my portfolio lender, but many people cannot. This would be a roadblock once he reached ten financed properties.
Buying owner-occupied properties each year is possible but may not be realistic. Moving thirteen times in thirteen years may put a bit of stress on the family!
I also assume the investor manages his homes himself, which is doable in the beginning but it maybe tough when he gets ten homes or more.
How Did I Build a Rental Property Portfolio
I have 20 rentals now, but I did not buy them overnight. I started in 2010 and slowly bought them over the last 9 years. I bought 1 in 2010, 2 in 2011, 2 in 2012, and kept building from there. I worked very hard to make a great living as a real estate agent, but I also used real estate to buy more rentals.
I bought my first rental by refinancing my personal house and taking cash out of it. I also refinanced some of my rentals along the way so that I would have more capital to buy even more rentals. I was lucky that our market appreciated so much, but I also bought every rental property way below market value, which allowed me to take cash out when I refinanced.
I stopped buying residential rentals in 2015 because the market in Colorado became too expensive. However, I was able to invest in commercial rentals in my area and cash flow on them. There are a lot of different ways to invest in real estate!
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How much have my rentals made me?
I put together some stats to show how much rentals made me after four years of owning them. It has been a few years since then, and things have gotten even better! At the time, I had bought 11 rental properties. After doing some calculating, I discovered my rental properties have appreciated and been bought cheap enough to produce a gain of $600,000 since December of 2010! It is important to remember that net worth is all on paper, and I would not realize $600,000 in profit if I decided to sell all of my rental properties today. I would have to have selling costs, and I would have a large tax bill if I sold my rental properties.
How much equity have I built with rentals?
One thing I have done with every rental property I buy is buying them below market value. I try to buy my properties at least 20 percent below the current value, and if a home needs repairs, I want that rental property worth 20 percent more than the price I paid plus the cost of the repairs. For example; if I buy a rental for $100,000 and it needs $20,000 in work, I want it to be worth $144,000 or more when I am done repairing the home ($100,000 + $20,000 = $120,000 * .20 = $144,000). That means I usually gain at least $20,000 in net worth on every rental property I buy. The 11 rentals I have bought have gained at least $220,000 (I buy many properties at more than 20 percent below market) just by buying homes at the right price.
I also have been lucky that prices have increased significantly in Northern Colorado in the last few years. I would say lucky for the sake of calculating net worth, but the increase in prices has made it harder to buy cheap rental properties with great cash flow. If you want to know how much my houses have appreciated, I broke down each rental and how much money it has made below.
Rental 1
I bought my first rental property for $96,900 on 12/5/2010. At the time I bought it, I knew it was worth at least $125,000, which is not a huge spread between the buy price and fair market value, but the home needed less than $2,000 in repairs.
The house is now worth at least $165,000 and most likely more. I had it appraised earlier this year, and the appraisal was $165,000 and our market values have increased since that time. If the house is worth $165,000, then my net worth increased about $66,000 after you subtract the repairs. The home was rented out for 1,050 a month when I first bought it and now is rented out for $1,400 a month.
Rental 2
I bought rental property number 2 for $94,000 on 10/5/2011. This home needed much more work than number one, and I spent about $15,000 repairing the house. At the time I bought this house, I thought it was worth $140,000 after it was repaired, and this house is now worth around $175,000. That leaves me with a net worth increase of about $66,000 on this property as well.
This house has been rented to my brother-in-law since I have owned it. The rent has been steady at $1,100 the entire time but could be $1,400 to $1,500. My brother-in-law has a house under contract and will be moving soon.
Rental 3
I bought my third rental property for $92,000 on 11/21/2011. This house needed repairs, and I spent about $14,000 getting it ready to rent. At the time I bought this house, I thought it was worth $135,000 fixed up, and this house is now worth around $170,000, which creates a net worth increase of $64,000.
This home has been rented to the same tenants for $1,250 a month, but we just raised the rent this month to $1,300 a month. It would probably rent for $1,400 to $1,500 to a new tenant.
Rental 4
I bought rental property number 4 for $109,000 on 1/25/2012. This home also needed about $14,000 in repairs before it could be rented. At the time I bought this house, I thought it was worth $145,000. This house is one of my most valuable rental properties and is worth $185,000 in today’s market. That leaves a net worth gain of $62,000.
This home was rented for $1,300 up until this year when I rented it to new tenants for $1,500 a month.
Rental 5
I bought rental property number five for $88,249 on 12/14/2012, and it needed more repairs than the others. The market had definitely begun to improve at this point, and finding a home that was under $100,000 was very tough. This home was a good deal, even though it needed $18,000 in repairs. I thought it was worth around $130,000 when I bought it, and I now think it is worth $165,000. That leaves a net worth increase of $59,000.
This home has been rented to the same tenants for $1,200 a month.
Rental 6
I bought rental property number six for $115,000 on 3/7/2013. This house needed about $15,000 in repairs, and I thought the property was worth about $150,000 after it was fixed up when I bought it. It is now worth $170,000, and that leaves a net worth increase of $40,000.
This home was first rented for $1,300 a month until earlier this year it was rented for $1,400 a month.
Rental 7
I bought rental property number 7 for $113,000 on 4/18/2013. This house needed only $9,000 in repairs, and I thought it was worth $155,000 when I bought it. This neighborhood has done great, and the home is now worth $185,000, which leaves a net worth increase of $63,000.
This home has been rented for $1,400 a month since I bought it.
Rental 8
I bought rental property number 8 for 97,500 on 11/18/2013. The home needed $15,000 in repairs, and I thought it was worth $150,000 once fixed up. It is now worth $165,000, and that leaves a net worth increase of $52,000.
This home has been rented or $1,400 a month since I bought it.
Rental 9
I bought rental property number 9 for $133,000 on 2/14/2014. This home only needed $4,000 in work before it was rented, and I thought it was worth $155,000 after it was repaired. I think it is worth $165,000 now, and that leaves a net worth increase of $28,000.
This home is rented for $1,400 a month.
Rental 10
I bought rental property number 10 for $99,928 on 4/13/2014. The home only needed $3,500 in repairs before it was rented, and I thought the home was worth $125,000 when I bought it. I think it is worth about $130,000 now, leaving a net worth increase of $26,500.
This home is rented for $1,250.
Rental 11
I just bought rental property number 11 on 7/24/2014. This house will need about $15,000 in repairs, and I paid $109,318. I think this house is worth $155,000 repaired, leaving a net worth increase of $30,000.
I think this home rents for $1,400 a month.
What is the total gain?
If you add up all these numbers, my total net worth has increased by $556,500, but these numbers do not tell the entire story. I had more costs than I listed when I first bought these houses, but I did not go back through each closing file to get those exact costs. On many of these properties, I had the seller pay some closing costs, which covered much of my buying costs. I also had some carrying costs while I was getting the properties repaired and they were not rented out yet. However, I also did not include any of my cash flow or the money I made on these properties since 2010. I used all of my cash flow to pay off rental property number 1, which added up to over $70,000. That $70,000 in cash flowdefinitely covers all the closing and carrying costs I had on each property and went directly to increasing my net worth by paying off a loan. Speaking of paying down loans, I did not include the equity I have gained over the last 3.5 years by paying down my loans. I have paid down thousands of dollars of loan balances with regular payments on my rental properties.
Net worth is not money in my pocket but what I am worth on paper. Even though it is cool to see this number increase over time, this money is not all readily available. I would have to sell my rental properties to see this money, and I would not see all of it. There would be selling costs when I sell the properties and taxes owed once I sold them. Since I am using the depreciation on the rental properties to save me in taxes, I would have a higher than normal tax bill because I would have to recapture that depreciation.
What about in 2019?
I have 20 rentals that have increased my net worth about $3,000,000 in the last 9 years. I have gotten lucky that Colorado has appreciated like crazy, but they were still awesome deals even without that appreciation. They make me about $13,000 a month after all expenses. The cool part is I have spent less than $350,000 on the properties after refinancing some to take money back out. Talk about an amazing investment!
You can see all my rentals here.
My book on making money with rental properties
I provide a lot of information on my blog and YouTube channel, but I also have written six books. My book Build a Rental Property Empire has been a best-seller for years. It goes over everything I do to find, finance, repair, manage, and even sell my rentals. I also added a commercial chapter to go over that aspect as well. You can find the book on Amazon as a paperback, audiobook, and Kindle. Build a Rental Property Empire: The no-nonsense book on finding deals, financing the right way, and managing wisely.
Conclusion
It can take time to make a lot of money with rentals, but it is possible. Over the years I have bought a 1999 Lamborghini Diablo, a 1998 Lotus Esprit, a 1981 Aston Martin, and more thanks to the rental properties. The rentals have also allowed me to be aggressive with my house flipping business because I know I have that cash flow coming in every month. We flipped 26 houses last year!
HUD homes are a great opportunity to get a great deal, but HUD has very different rules for investors and owner-occupants. HUD homes are foreclosures that had FHA loans, which are now owned by the United States government. I used to sell HUD homes as a real estate agent and was a part of hundreds of transactions involving HUD (I mostly invest in real estate now). HUD can be very confusing to those are not familiar with there system, but it makes sense once you know all the rules. There are different rules for investors and owner-occupants. There are also special programs for HUD homes like the good neighbor next door, and the $1 down payment program. We will go over everything in this article!
What are HUD homes?
HUD homes are government-owned foreclosures. HUD stands for the Department of Housing and Urban Development. HUD oversees the FHA loan program, which stands for Federal Housing Administration. FHA loans are low-down-payment loans that are only owner-occupied buyers are eligible for. The loans are obtained from banks, but the government insures them. If the loans go through foreclosure the government will sometimes take over the loan and the property from the bank. The bank has the option to keep the property, and HUD does not approve every FHA insurance claim so not all FHA foreclosures go back to HUD. When HUD takes back an FHA foreclosure they will use their own online bidding system to sell the homes in most cases. They will also use bulk sales (hundreds of millions of dollars of homes) to sell packages of properties.
Where can you find HUD homes?
The most important thing to know about HUD homes is HUDHOMESTORE.COM. HUD lists every house they have for sale on this website and anyone can view it. To search for HUD homes, simply enter the state you are looking in and any other criteria you want to narrow it down with; city, zip code, address, etc. Once HUD accepts a bid they remove the property from Hudhomestore.com. If you see a sign in the yard or property in MLS but can’t find it on Hudhomestore.com they may have already accepted a bid. There are a few other reasons the property may not be on the site including price changes or new appraisals.
Check out the video below to see how to look up and bid on HUD homes:
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How can you submit a bid to buy a HUD home?
HUD has very strict bid periods on who can bid and when. When HUD homes are first listed there is a bid period for owner-occupants, non-profits or government agencies. Investors cannot bid during this bid period, and the length of the bid period varies depending on the home. HUD homes have an appraisal done before they are listed and homes that will go FHA are listed as insured and the properties that won’t go FHA are listed as uninsured.If a property is insured, investors cannot bid for the first 15 days! If a property is uninsured, investors cannot bid for the first 5 days.
When you are looking at a listing on Hudhomestore.com look for the period deadline, it will give the last day owner-occupants, non-profits and government agencies can bid. Investors can place a bid the next day after the period deadline expires. If a property is still on Hudhomestore.com the day after the period deadline expired, it does not mean HUD did not receive an acceptable bid. HUD reviews bids the first business day after the period deadline, and the property could be on the website for a short time in the morning while they review bids.
This can be very confusing the first time you try to process the information, but it gets easier the more you use Hudhomestore.com. The thing to remember is investors can bid on the first day after the period deadline. If you are unsure who can bid, HUD will list who the eligible bidders are on Hudhomestore.com. When investors can bid it will say “All bidders.” A good real estate agent who knows the HUD system can walk you through the process as well.
In fact, you have to use a real estate agent who is approved and registered in the HUD system to bid on HUD homes.
What does FHA insured with repair escrow mean on HUD homes?
HUD does not allow any repairs to be made to properties and typically does not repair any of their properties. However, HUD wants to sell homes to owner-occupied buyers and many HUD homes need some repairs that would not allow them to qualify for FHA financing. HUD uses an FHA repair escrow to help owner-occupied buyers get into these homes. The amount on Hudhomestore.com under FHA repair escrow is the amount that a HUD appraiser has determined it will take for the home meet FHA guidelines. The escrow could be $0, in which case the home does not need any repairs in order to go FHA. If there is any other amount, the home will have to have some work done to qualify for an FHA loan.
The escrow repair amount is added to the buyer’s loan at closing, it is not a gift from HUD. The work is to be done after closing by licensed contractors within 90 days, and the lender will pay out the escrow amount directly to the contractors.
The details of each item that needs repair are listed under the addendum on Hudhomestore.com. The total repairs cannot exceed $5,000 for the FHA repair escrow. HUD adds a ten percent cushion if the repairs cost more than expected, so technically there could be $5,000 in repairs and a $500 cushion for a total escrow amount of $5,500.
If the buyer gets a new appraisal that shows more work is needed, that must be added to the FHA repair escrow.
If the home is marked as uninsured a buyer cannot get a typical FHA loan, but they can use an FHA 203k loan.
Can I use the HUD repair escrow on other types of loans?
No, the repair escrow can only be used on FHA loans.
Can you use FHA 203k rehab loans on HUD homes?
If a home needs more than $5,000 in repairs to qualify for FHA, there is still an FHA option. The FHA 203k rehab loan is a great program that allows a buyer to make repairs after closing and finance them into their loan. There is no limit to the dollar amount of repairs that can be made, but it can be a complicated process. This program can be used on a house with less than $5,000 in repairs as well if the buyer wants to make more repairs than FHA requires. The loan can also be used on uninsurable homes as long as it is marked on Hudhomesore.com that an FHA 203k is being used.
A 203k loan requires two appraisals, one for the as-is value and one for the after repaired value. The loan also takes longer to close and has a few more fees than a normal loan, but it is a great option for those looking to make major repairs.
What is the Good Neighbor Next Door Program?
The Good Neighbor Next Door Program (GNND) is a HUD specific program geared towards EMTs, teachers, firefighters, and law enforcement. HUD designates certain houses for this program and they will give a 50% discount to qualified buyers! In order to find these properties, go to Hudhomestore.com and click on Good Neighbor Next Door Program in the blue box. Then click on your state on the map to the right of the blue box. This will pull up all GNND properties in your state. Do not be surprised if there are not many properties available as HUD designates very few properties for this program.
HUD also has very strict policies regarding who can bid on GNND properties. The buyer must be a full-time employee in their field, work within a certain mileage of the property, and live in the property for three years. Bidding on a GNND is very simple. Your agent submits the full price in the GNND bid period and if HUD accepts your bid, they automatically discount the property 50%. These properties are not always in MLS, so check Hudhomestore.com frequently to find these listings.
HUD does not pay a commission on these properties to the listing or selling agent. Many times the agent representing the buyer will require the buyer to pay a commission directly to the buyer’s agent. If more than one buyer bids on these properties, HUD will randomly select the winner.
HUD bidding timelines
For insured homes:
15-day owner occupant, government agencies, and non-profit only bid period. The first ten days of this bid period HUD collects all the bids and subsequently review them on the next business day. Thereafter for the next five days, HUD reviews any bids received the following day. (not sure if they review them the same day or the day after the bid is received during this time)
Investors can bid on the 16th day the home has been actively for sale. You can see this date by looking at the period deadline. Investors can bid on the next day after this deadline.
If the price is lowered, the owner-occupant period does not start over. Investors can bid right away.
For uninsured homes:
7-day lottery bid period. Government agencies and non-profits only can bid. The home is listed on HUDhomestore, but not on the MLS.
5-day owner occupant, government agency and non-profit only bid period. HUD accepts bids the first five days and opens them the next business day. Investors can bid on the 6th day.
If the price is lowered, the owner-occupant period does not start over. Investors can bid right away.
Are HUD homes listed for sale on the MLS?
HUD will list some properties differently depending on the repairs needed and potential buyers’ qualifications. On uninsured properties, HUD will list them on Hudhomestore for 7 days, but the only eligible bidders are non-profits and government agencies. During this 7 day period called the lottery period, some asset management companies will list the home in MLS and others will not.
Another program HUD uses is the Good Neighbor Next Door Program(GNND). They sell designated houses to firefighters, police officers, teachers, and EMT workers. There are many special requirements that must be met to purchase a home in this program, one of them is you have to occupy the home for three years. Since the property is not eligible for all buyers, some asset management companies list them in MLS and some do not. If you see a property in Hudhomestore, but it is not in MLS, check to see who the eligible bidders are.
How can you submit a bid?
A buyer must use a real estate agent registered with HUD to submit a bid on a HUD home. If you are shopping for an agent and you are interested in HUD homes, ask your agent if their company has a NAID number. If they don’t have a NAID number, then they can’t submit a bid for you. Any office can get a NAID, but it can take up to 6 weeks to get a NAID number from HUD. If your agent’s office has a NAID, they can register on Hudhomestore and submit a bid for you very easily. The bid is submitted online and no documents are uploaded with the bid. HUD does require the social security, tax id or EIN number for the purchaser to submit the bid.
What happens after a bid is submitted?
HUD will only respond to your agent through email if your bid is accepted. If your bid is not accepted, HUD will not notify your agent, but your agent can look up the bid status. Your agent has to log in to HUDHOMESTORE.COM and go to bidder functions. They can search for bids they submitted, and HUD will list the bid status. It may say reviewing bids, accepted, canceled or other bid accepted. If your bid was not accepted and no other bids were accepted you can bid again as many times as you like. In some cases, HUD may counter your offer, but their counter is only a notification informing you of what net price HUD will accept. If you enter a bid that nets HUD the counter price or more, they will accept it as long as no one else submits a higher bid.
How low of a bid will HUD accept?
A buyer can submit any bid amount they want on a HUD home, but HUD has certain guidelines they will accept. Those guidelines change in different areas of the country and for different properties. The asset management companies are given guidelines from HUD on what bid amount they can accept. Usually, they are allowed to accept a net amount of around 10 to 12 percent less than asking price (in my area). The net amount is what HUD will receive after commissions and closing costs are paid.
HUD always pays the listing broker a 3% commission and the selling broker can get up to a 3% commission. If HUD is paying a 6% commission total, then that net amount they will accept has dropped to 4 to 6%t less than the list price. If the buyer wants closing costs, then that amount drops even further. If a property becomes an aged asset, meaning it has been on the market for more than 60 days, HUD may accept lower bids. In different parts of the country, HUD may also accept 20% less than asking price at the beginning of a listing period.
Here is a breakdown of what HUD may typically accept:
Asking Price: $100,000
Commissions: $6,000
Buyer Closing Costs: $3,000
Net to HUD: $91,000 or 91% of the list price
In the scenario above HUD would most likely accept a bid slightly lower than the list price of $100,000 like $98,000. If the buyer did not need closing costs paid, the bid could be lowered by $3,000 and HUD would still accept it because the net money going to them is still the same.
There are also occasions when a low bid that does not meet HUD guidelines is accepted. This usually happens on aged assets that have been on the market over 90 days. The asset management company can ask for special approval from HUD on these low bids. When this happens your agent may receive a counter from HUD in the morning and then an acceptance later in the day. This is because the asset management company could not accept the bid right away, but they sent it to HUD and it was approved later in the day.
Does HUD prefer cash offers?
Many buyers assume a cash offer will get accepted over a financed offer since cash offers have a better chance of closing. However, HUD does not care. They treat all offers the same whether they are cash, FHA, conventional, USDA, VA or even a 203k FHA rehab loan. HUD will pick the highest net offer to them, that is all they care about.
How soon should investors submit a bid to HUD?
The key to an investor getting a HUD home is speed. There are many investors waiting for HUD homes to make it to the investor bid period, and most good deals will get bid on the first day an investor can bid. On uninsured homes, there is a trick investors can use to gain an advantage over other investors. HUD opens bids on the next business day after the 5-day owner occupant bid period is over. HUD does not open bids first thing in the morning, they usually open them mid-morning or later depending on how busy they are. At the beginning of the 6th day, an uninsured HUD home will be available for investors to bid on, even though HUD may be accepting an owner occupant bid later in the day.
Investors should always try to get their bid into the system on that 6th day because HUD homes tend to fall out of contract more than other properties. If an owner-occupant cancels their contract, HUD will move on to any backup offers in their system that are an acceptable price before they put the home back on the market. If the house comes back on the market, an investor who bid on the 6th day could have their bid accepted, before any other investors get a chance to bid on the home.
Should you mark hold as a backup offer?
YES! HUD asks all bidders if they can hold their offer in a backup position. This means if an accepted offer cancels, they will automatically accept the next highest bid as long as it is an acceptable amount. It does not hurt to mark this box as you are under no obligation to continue with the contract if HUD accepts your bid. If HUD lowers the price on a property, they will review bids they have already received to see if they are now an acceptable amount after the price change. Your bid could be accepted before anyone else gets a chance to submit a new bid after the price change.
How to send in a contract after your bid is accepted
If HUD accepts your bid, they will notify your agent by email and give your agent instructions on how to send the paperwork to HUD. Your agent will have 48 hours to send the original documents to HUD (HUD may be allowing electronic signatures in some areas now). That 48 hours is extended for weekends and holidays. HUD has its own sales contract, addendum, and disclosures. They will require a pre-qualification letter or proof of funds letter if you are paying cash, and your earnest money must be sent with the package.
HUD requires certified funds for your earnest money. Your agent should be able to help you out with the package and explain all the details. There are a couple of very important documents to pay attention to that I will go over in the next sections. If your package is going to be late, make sure your agent contacts HUD and tells them it will be late and HUD may give you a little extra time. If your package requires corrections, HUD will email your agent and usually, corrections are due within 24 hours.
Buyer Select title company update
HUD has switched to a buyer agent select system where buyers now choose the title company. Buyers choose the title company for the entire transaction and can choose any title company they want. HUD will get the title company registered with HUD, once a bid is accepted and a title company is chosen. The asset management companies are handling things differently with some having the listing agent hold the earnest money and some requiring the buyer to send in the earnest money to HUD. Make sure you read the instructions thoroughly for what HUD requires.
How to complete an inspection on a HUD home
HUD has a different inspection policy than most REO sellers. When HUD has a property listed, they do not turn on any of the utilities. When HUD signs your purchase contract, they will email your agent a signed copy with the appraisal and a utility turn-on request form. You have 15 days from the time HUD signs the contract to do your inspection, and they allow you a three-day window to turn on the utilities. It is usually best to make your three-day inspection window as late into the 15 day inspection period as possible. The reason is you have to send in the form to HUD’s property preservation company, wait for them to approve it and then get utilities on in your name. It can easily take over a week to get the form back and get utilities on so make sure your agent turns in the request form as soon as possible.
HUD does not pay for the utilities or any turn on fees and they do not de-winterize the property. In fact, if you live in an area that requires winterization, you will have to send in $150 with your turn on request form if you want to turn on the water during the winter season. Most areas require the winterizations from 10/1 to 4/30. This fee is for the property preservation company to re-winterize the property after you complete your inspections. If HUD found the property’s plumbing system did not hold pressure during an air test, they will not allow you to turn on the water.
If you find issues during your inspection, you have two choices; cancel the contract or proceed with your contract knowing HUD won’t repair anything. They are very clear HUD homes are sold in as-is condition, and they will not make any repairs, even if the lender requires it. They are also very clear that they will not return your earnest money if you find inspection issues that cause you to cancel your contract. As I said earlier, HUD does an inspection before listing each property, and the basic results are listed on HUDHOMESTORE.COM. To find the inspection, look under addendum on HUDHOMESTORE and you will see a document called PCR. This will list the general condition of the plumbing, electric, HVAC and roof. Do not depend on these inspections to be perfect! Many times the HUD inspectors are only able to do a visual check since the utilities are not on.
How to do an appraisal
HUD does an appraisal on every home before they list it. HUD used to list every home at the appraised value, but that changed recently. Owner-occupants used to be able to use this appraisal if they are going FHA, but now all buyers must get a new appraisal. If your appraiser requires the utilities to be on for the appraisal, you have to follow the same procedure to turn on utilities as you did for the inspection. The best practice is to schedule the appraisal at the same time as the inspection if possible. The biggest issue I see with appraisals is the plumbing. HUD’s inspector will do a pressure check on the plumbing system before the home is listed. If the pressure test fails, it means there is a leak somewhere in the system.
That also means HUD will not let you turn on the water for your inspection or appraisal. If the system fails the pressure test and your appraiser requires the water to be on, you are out of luck. HUD won’t repair the lines and no repairs can be made before closing. Please pay attention to the HUD inspection before bidding and talk to your lender about the appraisal process. I have seen many deals fail because the water could not be turned on for appraisals on HUD homes. If you have already had your bid accepted and you have run into this issue, there are a few solutions. Many times a lender can escrow for plumbing repairs or a portfolio lender may be able to do the loan without utilities being on.
The other issue that may come up is an appraisal comes in low on a HUD home. This is rare, as usually HUD homes are priced low enough that an appraisal value is not an issue. If the appraisal does come in low or the appraisal requires repairs, HUD does not make repairs or price adjustments. Again the only choice will be to cancel or continue with the original bid price and terms.
Closing
Different asset management companies give different time frames for closing. Some allow cash buyers 30 days to close and financed buyers 45 days to close. Other companies allow 45 days for cash and financed buyers. If you must have an extension due to your lender or other fault of the buyer, then HUD will charge you for an extension. Typically the fee is $375 for a 15 day extension day but can be lower for lower-priced properties. The exact fee schedule is listed on one of the HUD forms you will sign. HUD will grant two extensions, but if a third is needed HUD will need proof that closing is eminent or they may not approve the extension.
Another difference with HUD is they do not pay for the buyer’s title insurance. Make sure you factor that into your figures when bidding on a HUD home. HUD does not require title insurance, but I highly recommend you get it. HUD does the best they can, but they are dealing with other lender’s homes that were foreclosed on and had FHA financing. Sometimes a title issue will slip through the cracks, and if you don’t have title insurance it can be a nightmare to get it cleared up. I sold a HUD home a few years ago that was owned by a large bank. 6 months after the sale, we learned the bank did not have clear title. The title company was able to clear it up, but if the buyers did not buy the insurance it would have been on them to figure out how to get a clear title.
Can investors get their earnest money back?
HUD is very clear that they treat investors differently than owner-occupant buyers. They feel investors are more experienced in real estate and should do their due diligence before making an offer. HUD makes investors sign a document saying their earnest money will not be refunded for inspection issues.
HUD may return half of an investor’s earnest money if their loan is denied, but remember it is very difficult for an investor to get their earnest money back from HUD if they cancel the contract. The earnest money amounts are $500 for contracts under $50,000 and $1,000 for contracts over $50,000.
Can owner-occupied buyers get their earnest money back?
HUD has very strict policies on earnest money returns and forfeitures. Investors have a very difficult time getting their earnest money back, but it is a little easier for owner-occupied buyers. HUD lists many reasons why they will return owner-occupants earnest money, the most common being loan denial. When you sign your contract, there will be a form called earnest money forfeiture policy. Make sure you read this carefully and understand exactly under what conditions HUD will return earnest money to buyers.
If an owner-occupant wants to get their earnest money back due to an inspection issue, make sure the inspeciton issue was not already listed on the HUD PCR (property condition report). If HUD already disclosed a problem with the house, HUD will not return the earnest money because of that problem.
How does HUD define owner-occupied?
The only way a buyer can be considered an owner-occupant is if the person living in the home will be on the deed when HUD sells the home. That occupant has to live in the home for at least a year and cannot buy any more HUD homes as an owner occupant in that first year. They must live in the home more than 50% of the time. You cannot simply leave the home vacant or leave a unit vacant. You must live there.
What happens to investors who commit fraud?
HUD makes owner-occupants sign a document confirming they are an owner occupant and if they are found to be an investor, HUD can fine them $250,000 with prison time. It is a federal crime to misrepresent yourself as an owner occupant when your true intention is as an investor. Not only can the buyer be fined and sent to prison, but the buyer’s agent and their entire office can also lose their ability to sell HUD homes. If you think you won’t get caught, remember there are many investors who would love to bid on HUD homes but can’t because of owner occupant rules, and they have no problem turning in other investors they see breaking the rules. Listing agents are also encouraged to keep an eye out for investors posing as owner-occupants.
Can repairs be made prior to closing on HUD homes?
HUD is very clear that they will not make any repairs prior to closing and the buyer is not allowed to alter the home in any way before closing. Some buyers may think it is not a big deal to fix a small plumbing leak or do some painting before closing. It is a very big deal! HUD homes are federal property and it is a felony to make any alterations before you own the home. If HUD finds out any repairs were made, they usually cancel the contract on the spot, take the buyer’s earnest money, investigate the buyer’s agent to see if they knew about it and then consider charges depending on the severity. Do not make any repairs, change the locks, remove signs or anything from the home before closing!
Owner-occupants have a distinct advantage when bidding on HUD homes. HUD allows owner-occupants to bid on HUD homes before investors can bid on HUD homes. On FHA-insured HUD homes, there is a 15-day owner occupant only bid period. Without going into the detail that I do in my other articles, FHA-insured HUD homes can get an FHA loan if the property needs less than $5,000 in repairs. On FHA-uninsured HUD homes, there is a 5-day owner occupant bid period. FHA-uninsured HUD homes have more than $5,000 in repairs needed and cannot go FHA unless you use an FHA 203K loan.
Under what circumstances can an owner-occupant sell a HUD home prior to living in it a year?
HUD allows owner-occupants to move out of a HUD home prior to living in the home for a year if they meet certain guidelines. It is always best to call HUD if you have to move out of a HUD home early as an owner occupant. If an owner-occupant has a change in location for a job, a death in the family, divorce, loss of a job or other extenuating circumstances, HUD may ease the owner-occupancy requirement.
How does the $1 HUD home and $100 down payment program work?
HUD will sell some of their homes for $1. Yes, that is not a typo, but do not expect to get a HUD home for that price. HUD only sells certain homes for $1 and they only sell them to non-profits or government agencies after the home has been for sale for an extended period of time. I never saw a home sell for $1 in my market the entire time I was listing HUD homes.
HUD also has a $100 down payment program that they occasionally offer. It is not available in every state and it is very rare that a buyer only needs $100 to buy the home. There are almost always other costs.
Conclusion
HUD homes can be complicated, but if you have a knowledgeable agent and lender they can be an amazing opportunity. If you happen to be eligible for the good neighbor next door program you may be able to buy a HUD home for 50% off! Just be careful pretending to be an owner-occupant when you are not, and make sure you understand the inspeciton and earnest money riles with HUD homes!
In my course The Complete Blueprint, I go even more in-depth on how to buy HUD homes. The Complete Blueprint is my most extensive course it covers every single aspect of my real estate business and how to replicate it yourself, including a 300-page guide, videos, call to actions, live coaching directly from me, an much, much more.
When buying a house, buyers are given a certain amount of time to complete a home inspection. Most people complete some type of inspection when purchasing a home, but is a home inspection always necessary? I have been a Realtor since 2001 and I am also a real estate investor. In my opinion, 95 percent of house buyers should always get a home inspection. There are a few cases when a home inspection is not needed and some cases when not getting a home inspection will actually give you a better chance at getting a great deal on a house. I have not asked for a home inspection for over a year on my own investments.
How does a home inspection work when buying a house?
When buying a home, most buyers are given a chance to get an inspection done on the house before they buy the home. In most states, it is typical for the inspection to occur right after the home goes under contract. Buyers are given a specific amount of time to either inspect the house themselves, have a friend inspect it, a contractor or a professional home inspector check out the home.
Buyers should be allowed to check out everything in a home including the major systems, utilities, and minor cosmetic issues. In some cases like with HUD homes or some REO sellers, the utilities cannot all be turned on. If the pipes on a HUD home do not hold pressure when HUD inspects a house, the buyer will not be allowed to turn on the water for inspections or appraisals (will discuss HUD rules later in the article). In some cases, houses that are in really bad shape may not have the electric or gas turned on if it is not safe to do so. The buyers are usually responsible for ordering and paying for the home inspection and it gives them a chance to ensure the house is in satisfactory condition before they buy the home.
I also made a video on this subject below:
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How much does a home inspection cost?
The cost of a home inspection can vary greatly. Smaller houses are cheaper to inspect and larger houses are more expensive. Costs vary depending on the region of the country you are in and living costs. Different inspectors have different rates as well.
For a rental property, I would buy that is about 2,000 square feet total I can get an inspection done for about $300. On my personal house which is close to 6,000 square feet, the inspection was $600 and the inspector did not even get a chance to look at everything in the home (after 5 hours). I am able to get slightly lower rates because I am a Realtor and there is a chance I might send business to inspectors. As a regular buyer expect to pay a little more than I do.
Besides using an inspector you can also use a contractor to look at home for you. I would be cautious when using contractors because they might tend to underestimate the seriousness of some repairs. If they convince you not to buy a home and they know you will use them to fix it up, they just cost themselves a job. I had a local roofing contractor look at a flip for me last year where there were major structural problems in the roof. He said it looked like an easy fix and not to worry about it. After he got started on the job, the easy fix turned into almost a complete rebuild of the roof!
What happens to the earnest money if a contract is canceled due to a home inspection?
When you write a contract to buy a home or your real estate agent writes a contract for you, you usually include earnest money. A typical amount for earnest money is one percent of the purchase price, but it can vary depending on your location and the seller. The earnest money is a good faith deposit showing the buyer is serious about buying the home. However, that does not mean the earnest money is nonrefundable if the buyer backs out.
Most contracts are written so that the buyer can cancel the contract and get their earnest money back if certain things happen. If a buyer has an inspection contingency written into the contract, they have a certain amount of time to complete an inspection. If the buyers cancel their contract because of the inspection and they notify the seller before their inspection contingency expires, they will receive their earnest money back most of the time (HUD is an exception I will go into more detail later).
If a buyer is not able to get a loan, there is a title problem or another contingency allows the buyers to cancel (title, appraisal, survey, etc.), they can cancel the contract and get their earnest money back as well. You just have to make sure the seller is notified before the dates on the contract expire for those contingencies. It is actually pretty rare that a buyer will lose their earnest money unless their agent misses a date or the buyers decide to cancel the contract very late in the process after their contingencies have passed.
Does a contract automatically get canceled after a failed home inspection?
If you find major problems after a home inspection you do not automatically lose the house. There are many options for the seller and buyer to save the deal. The outcome will depend on how serious the problems are with the house and how motivated the sellers and buyers are. The buyer can ask the seller to renegotiate the contract terms or to cancel the contract. Here are a few ways home inspection issues can be resolved.
Buyer agrees to purchase the home as-is. In some case,s the buyer will decide to proceed with the purchase of a home, even if there are major problems. In some case,s the buyer will have no choice because the seller will not make repairs or change the contract (HUD).
Seller agrees to make repairs to a home. Many times a seller will agree to make repairs to a house after an inspection is done. The seller may agree to make all the repairs the buyer asks for or negotiate to make some of the repairs.
Seller agrees to lower the price or renegotiate other terms. The buyer may ask the seller to lower the price, or the seller may offer to lower the price after the buyer requests repairs to be made. The seller can also agree to lower the price and make some repairs.
The buyers can ask the seller to repair whatever they want or lower the price to whatever they want, but the seller does not have to agree to anything. If the seller and buyer cannot come to an agreement on what to fix or how much to renegotiate, then the contract will fail.
Why would a buyer not want a home inspection?
In most circumstances, it makes sense to get an inspection done. Most homebuyers do not have the expertise to know what problems they may encounter when buying a house. A professional contractor or inspector can discover what problems a house has and how serious they are. A home inspection also gives a buyer the chance to ask for repairs or renegotiate the contract. I recommend almost all buyers get a home inspection done.
Having said that, I have not gotten an inspection or asked for an inspection contingency in a contract on the last ten houses I have bought. When you waive your inspection contingency it makes your offer much more attractive to the seller and gives you a better chance to get your offer accepted. This is a great tactic to use in a very competitive market when there are few deals to be had. It is also a great tactic to use in a multiple offer situation.
Do not waive a home inspection if you are not very experienced in buying homes, knowing what repairs are possible to come up and how much they will cost!
Why do I feel comfortable buying houses without an inspection?
I have been a Realtor since 2001, I have more than 20 rental properties and have flipped over 180 houses. I have a lot of experience with repairs on properties and what to look for. I have repaired an entire flip myself back a few years ago, which did not go as planned, but sure taught me a lot! There are many things that can cause a lot of problems on houses and you have to know what to look out for.
Foundations
Roofs
Plumbing
Electrical
HVAC (heating and cooling)
Mold
asbestos
Siding
Wood rot
These are just some of the things you must be aware of and know what to look for if there is a serious problem. These issues do not include cosmetic items or things you can see are wrong like:
Kitchens
Baths
Fixtures
Paint
Carpet
Doors
Windows
Not only do you have to be able to see when there is a problem, but you also have to know how much it will cost to repair these items if there is a problem. When I buy flips or rental properties I am buying them at a huge discount. When I make my cost estimates for repairs on a home, I always budget in extra money for things I may miss or discover during the rehab. I never assume a house only needs the work I can see, which is another reason I feel comfortable buying houses without an inspection.
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Why are HUD inspections different from traditional sale inspections?
HUD homes and some REO sales have many different guidelines than traditional sales. HUD homes are government-owned foreclosures and you can find much more information on them here. For owner-occupants, HUD allows the buyer a 15 day inspection period. The buyer must pay for the utilities to be turned on for the inspection and in some cases, HUD will not allow the water to be turned on. HUD has all of their homes pre-inspected and they do a pressure test on the plumbing system. If the plumbing system does not hold water, HUD will not allow the water to be turned on for the inspection or appraisal.
The inspection HUD does before they list a home provides some information to a buyer, but many times the utilities are not on when that inspection is done. I would never rely on the HUD inspection only; I would get my own inspection on HUD homes as well (if I were a normal buyer). HUD publishes the findings of that inspection (it is called the PCR) on hudhomestore.com under addendums. This is important to know because if HUD lists something that needs to be repaired on the PCR the buyer cannot use that as a reason to get their earnest money back. If the buyer of a HUD home finds an inspection problem and they want to cancel it has to be a new problem that HUD did not find.
HUD will also not make any repairs or lower the price based on the inspection and investors are treated differently than owner-occupants. An investor will not get their earnest money back due to inspection problems period on a HUD home.
Is it safe to waive an inspection if a home is pre-inspected?
HUD homes have an inspection done before they are listed. I have already talked about why you should not trust a HUD inspection and you should have your own done. Some traditional listings will advertise they are pre-inspected. I think it is a good sign that a home is pre-inspected, but again it is best to get your own inspection done. Inspections are relatively cheap compared to the cost of the problems they might find. Even if a house is pre-inspected I would have your own inspection done to confirm nothing was missed.
Is it wise to use an inspection contingency as a negotiating tool?
If you find major problems with a house that you did not know about, it makes sense to ask for repairs to be done or the price to be reduced. Some buyers will make an offer with the intention of asking for a price reduction from the inspection results, no matter how the inspection turns out. I never do this and I find it to be dishonest and unethical. For investors who buy many houses, it can also hurt your chances to get a great deal.
I have seen a few deals fall apart because buyers tried to use this tactic and it made the sellers and real estate agents very unhappy. When investors buy a lot of homes they will make offers to the same agents over and over again. I am a HUD and REO listing broker and list many houses. If I see a buyer who always asks for ridiculous inspections items or price reductions I will let my seller know before they accept their offer. If a buyer or real estate agent gets a reputation for renegotiating every offer on inspections, it will make it harder for them to get offers accepted.
One reason I am able to get so many deals from the MLS, is other agents know I do not play games, I do not renegotiate and if I say I will close, I will close.
How to find a great home inspector
When you use a real estate agent they should have suggestions for inspectors in your area. There are also inspectors you can find online, but I would use the recommendation of a professional in the business. There are many home inspectors and in some states, they need no training or licenses to be a home inspector.
I would interview any inspector before you use them and make sure you are comfortable with their knowledge and services. Some inspectors will nitpick a house over minor issues and some inspectors will not be very thorough and could miss major issues.
I would interview any inspector before you use them, and make sure you are comfortable with their knowledge and services. Some inspectors will nitpick a house over minor issues and some inspectors will not be very thorough and could miss major issues. A good real estate agent can help you choose the right inspector, as well as help you go over the report.
Conclusion
Home inspections are very important for most buyers who are not buying a lot of houses. Even if you buy a lot of homes, you have to be very comfortable judging repair costs and what will need to be repaired if you are thinking of waiving your inspection. If you do waive your inspection, you can get out of a contract but may lose your earnest money in the process. My advice to most is to always get an inspection done.
Houses that need repairs often can be bought below market value. I base my investing strategy on buying houses below market value and financing those properties, which is not always easy. When you buy a house that needs repairs, many lenders will not lend on that house if the repairs affect the livability of the home. Whether you are an investor or owner occupied buyer, repairs can cause a deal to fall apart. This is why cash offers are so attractive to many sellers who have a house that is in need of work. If you are an investor or an owner occupied buyer there are ways to get a loan on a property when it needs repairs; even extensive repairs.
Why can’t you get a loan on houses that need work?
Most lenders will use FHA guidelines to decide what condition a home needs to be in order to loan on it. That means all major systems like the plumbing, electrical and heating need to be in working order. The roof needs to be in good condition and there cannot be any holes in the walls or floors. FHA used to require flooring to be in good condition, but that is no longer the case. All the carpet can be missing from a home and it will still go FHA. The tricky part is that not all lenders go with exactly what FHA requires.
An FHA loan is federally insured by the government and is a big reason why owner occupants can buy homes with little money down. Conventional loans are loans that are not federally insured or sponsored by any government agency. There are many types of conventional loans and many different requirements on conventional loans depending on who the lender is. Some conventional loans will require everything FHA requires, some less and some more. My lender will not require any repairs to be made on homes that are in horrible condition. If you have one conventional lender that will not loan on a home, that doesn’t mean another conventional lender will have the same guidelines.
There are other loans that are sponsored by the government like VA and USDA. Different states also have loan programs that will have varying requirements. Most government loan programs will have the same or stricter requirements than FHA.
Loan options for different sellers
There are many options to work through lender required repairs. Your choices will differ depending on if you are an owner occupant or an investor. The first strategy is to ask the seller to make repairs so the home is in livable condition. What situations allow the seller to make repairs?
Traditional seller
If a seller is selling a home for retail value, they usually expect to make repairs if the lender requires them. To get top dollar for a house you have to have it in livable condition. For those of us that want a great deal, we are usually dealing with sellers that want to sell quickly without doing any repairs. The better deal you are getting, the lower the chance the seller will make any repairs.
REO properties:
REOs are foreclosures that are owned by the bank. Some REO sellers will make repairs and some will not. The decision to repair or not is usually made on a case by case situation based on how much work is needed. Many REO sellers will say a home is sold in as-is condition, which indicates they will not make repairs. However, some REO sellers will still make repairs if required by the lender.
HUD Homes:
HUD will not make any repairs under any circumstance for lender required items. HUD does have a program to allow FHA buyers that I will discuss later. If you are an investor and your lender requires repairs to be made, you will have to cancel the contract or find a new lender.
Short sales:
Most short sale sellers do not have a lot of money. If you know a short sale needs work and your lender will require things to be done before closing, there is a great chance the work cannot be done. The sellers are receiving no money in most short sales and they don’t want to spend any more money on the house.
Auction sales:
Don’t expect to have any repairs done on auction properties. Properties that are sold at auction are almost always sold in as is condition and will not be repaired.
Know what the bank requires before writing an offer on a house that needs repairs
When you are shopping for a house you should have already talked to a lender and you should know what condition they will require a home to be in. If you are using a conventional loan on a HUD home and the water can’t be turned on, but your lender requires the water to be turned on, guess what will happen? The contract will fail. If a short sale needs $10,000 in work for you to get a loan, the deal will probably never go through. On an REO or a traditional sale, repairs may or may not be made by the seller. Don’t expect HUD or an REO seller to make repairs because your lender requires it.
What if you will live in the house?
If an owner-occupant wants to get a loan on a house that needs repairs, but the seller won’t repair the home; the deal is not always over. HUD offers a program for FHA buyers that allows them to escrow for repairs and add the repairs into the buyer’s loan. HUD’s program is called the FHA 203b loan. It can only be used on HUD homes and the repairs are less than $5,000. This escrow cannot be used on any other type of loan like VA or conventional. For repairs over $5,000, there is an FHA 203k loan that can be used on any house. This loan can have an unlimited amount of repairs but will take more time to close and have more fees. FHA loans are only available for owner occupants.
What if you are an investor?
An FHA 203k rehab loan is not available to investors, which makes it harder for an investor to deal with homes that need repairs. That doesn’t mean investors are out of luck when buying homes that need work. I buy homes that need a lot of work all the time and I get loans on almost all of them.
I use a portfolio lender that does not have any repair requirements for homes that I buy. I can buy houses with bad roofs, bad heating, and my lender does not even require the utilities to be on. Not all portfolio lenders have the same requirements with repairs, but many will work with investors much more than the big banks. My portfolio lender has saved many deals for investors and owner-occupants whose original lenders would not lend on a house because it needed too much work.
It is sometimes possible to escrow repairs. In some cases, you can escrow the repairs so that they are done after closing as an investor. The terms and chances of this happening all depend on the lender. Usually, the lender will escrow for minor repairs but may be hesitant to escrow for major repairs.
There is also a Homestyle Fannie Mae Renovation loan that investors can use to repair houses after they close. This loan is like the FHA 203k loan but meant for investors.
If you are an investor and your lender will not loan on a house that needs repairs and the seller will not make repairs; don’t give up. Search for a local portfolio lender who might have different guidelines and will give you a loan.
Hard money lenders
Another option for investors besides portfolio lenders is hard money lenders. Hard money lenders will be much more expensive than conventional lenders and they offer short-term loans; usually less than one-year terms. Hard money usually works better for fix and flips, because of the short loan term. Hard money lenders may be a decent short-term solution for rental properties, but you will have to refinance the loan very quickly.
Conclusion
Getting a loan on houses that need work is tough, but it is not impossible. An owner-occupant has many more options to buy houses in need of repairs, but an investor should be able to work around repair issues as well. Buying houses that need repairs is one of the best ways to get a great deal on an investment property.
My book Build a Rental Property Empire, goes over the BRRRR method, and, more specifically, financing properties that need repairs. It also covers how to find deals, finance rentals, manage them, and much more! It is available as a paperback and ebook on Amazon or as an audiobook on Audible.
Rental properties are great way to invest your money, but qualifying for a loan on an investment property is not always easy. Loans for financing investment properties are much more difficult to get than a loan on an owner-occupied home, and it will cost you more money as well.
Many banks consider investor loans riskier than owner-occupied loans. The down payments are higher, the credit scores needed are higher, and the income requirements are greater for investor loans. This article will go over the different loans available on investment properties and how to qualify for them.
What is considered an investment property?
An investment property could be a rental property, a house flip, or a piece of vacant land. Banks are very specific regarding what they consider investment properties, and they base their loans on these classifications. Most banks lend on owner-occupied houses and investor-owned houses. Almost every bank has different loan options depending on what type of property you own.
Each bank can have a different definition, but for the most part, an owner-occupied home is a house that someone lives in for more than 6 months of the year. It is not a house that someone buys and stays in for a week on vacation. It is not a house that someone buys, leaving one room vacant in case they decide to crash there one night. One or more people on the Deed must live in the home more than half the time for at least one year (sometimes more). All other houses are considered investment properties, and the banks have much different loan programs for them than for owner occupants.
If you buy a house as an owner occupant with the intention of using it as an investment, it could be considered loan fraud. If you pretend to be an owner-occupant on a HUD home, it could even be a felony with potential prison time!
Owner-occupant loans
Owner occupants can typically qualify for FHA, VA, Conventional, USDA, or other loan options that have low down payments. The down payment for FHA can be as low as 3.5%. VA has a $0 down payment as does USDA. Conventional loans also have down payments as low as 3 percent for some buyers and 5 percent for most buyers. It is fairly easy for most buyers to qualify for an owner-occupied home if they have decent credit (over 620), make decent money, and have reasonable debts.
If you want to get into investment properties cheaper, one option is to buy as an owner occupant, live in the property 1 year (in most cases), and then rent the property out. You can also do this with a house flip, and if you live there for two years, the profit becomes tax-free in most cases!
Rental-property loans are much different. An investment loan requires at least 20 percent down in almost all cases, requires higher credit scores and better debt-to-income ratios, and there are limits to how many loans you can get with big banks. Most big banks will only let an investor have 4 loans in their name. Some smaller banks will allow an investor to have 10 loans in their name, but all the requirements get even stricter.
There are other options for investors that we will get into in this article, so do not lose hope if you don’t have the down payment, or have too many mortgages.
Why is it harder for an investor to get a loan?
Banks consider real estate investing riskier than normal home ownership. Banks figure that, if things go bad, someone will work harder to keep the house they live in than they will an investment property. The government also encourages homeownership with programs like FHA, USDA, VA, and local down payment assistance programs. Because the government helps with or runs these programs, the banks are more willing to offer low down payments to owner occupants.
How to qualify for loans for financing investment properties
When qualifying for a home mortgage, most banks look at multiple factors. One of the biggest issues investors run into is that they have to qualify for two houses if they have a loan on their personal residence. It is very important for people not to buy the most expensive house they can because of this. You must have a low debt-to-income ratio to qualify for a new loan, whether as an owner occupant or as an investor. If you max out your qualification on your personal home, it will be very difficult to qualify for a loan on an investment property.
Here is what banks look at on investor loans:
Debt-to-income ratios
You debt-to-income ratio is how much money you make each month compared to what your debt payments are each month. The percentages a bank will be okay with depends on the loan. Debt-to-income ratio does not take into account how much the balances are on your mortgages, only what the monthly payments are. Lower debt payments make it easier to qualify for a loan, and that is one reason I prefer a 30-year loan to a 15-year loan (30-year loans have lower monthly payments).
Time at a job
Most banks want to see a borrower at the same job for two years before they will give them a loan. If a borrower switches jobs but stays in the same field, banks will usually still lend, but you have to be careful when switching jobs. The bank will want to verify income to make sure you are working full time and actually have the job you say you have.
Credit score
Some loan programs allow credit scores under 600, but the lower your score, the more fees and costs you will pay. Almost all low-credit-score loan programs are for owner occupants. Investors usually need a credit score over 680 and sometimes over 720 if they are trying to get multiple mortgages in their names. You will get the best rates and terms the higher your credit score is.
Tax returns
Banks will verify your income with tax returns. If you claim very little income, it can be hard to get a loan. Many people who are self employed or who own businesses have a hard time qualifying for loans because they write off so many expenses. If you have little income, your debt-to-income ratio may be too high for you to qualify for a loan. One option is to claim fewer expenses and show a higher income on your taxes.
Foreclosures/short sales/bankruptcies
Banks do not like to lend to people who defaulted on past debts. If you had a foreclosure, it does not mean you can never get a loan again, but it makes it much tougher. Many banks will want to see a solid credit history up to 7 years after a foreclosure before they will lend to a buyer again. Other banks have shorter time frames. Short sales and bankruptcies also affect your ability to get a loan but usually have a shorter time frame than foreclosures.
What are the costs for an investment loan?
It is important to know that, when you get a loan on investment property, you need more than just the down payment. You need money for closing costs, loan costs, and reserves.
Closing costs
The closing costs on a loan consist of the origination fee, appraisal, recording fees, doc fees, and closing company fees. These costs can be up to or more than 3 percent of the loan amount. It is possible to ask the seller to pay these closing costs for you when buying a house, but it makes your offer weaker than one that is not asking the seller to pay closing costs.
Reserves
Lenders do not want an investor spending every penny they have on a house. They want to see some money left over to handle carrying costs or other issues that may come up. You need to have reserves left over after paying the closing costs and the down payment. Most banks require an investor to have at least 6 months of reserves. Reserves usually include the cost of any mortgages you have, including the property you are buying.
Interest rate
Interest rates on investor loans can also be higher than on owner-occupied loans. If the going rate on an owner-occupied 30-year loan is 5%, an investor may pay 5.5% or 6% depending on the bank. They may even pay higher rates if they have shaky credit or other issues.
What are the alternatives to bank loans?
Up to this point, we have talked about how investors can get a loan from a bank. You must be in a good financial position to get a loan from a bank. Some people do not have that luxury. So what are their options if they want to invest in real estate? There are many ways to get financing other than from big banks:
Local banks/portfolio lenders
Big banks have very strict lending guidelines because almost all of them sell their loans to other investors. Those investors set the guidelines that the banks must adhere to. Some local banks do not sell their loans and can be much more flexible when lending to investors. They are often called portfolio loans or portfolio lenders. I have gotten almost all of the loans on my rental properties from local banks.
Some local banks will also lend on house flips. They have much lower rates than hard-money lenders but require more down payment. Usually, a bank will finance 75% of the purchase price on a flip, and some banks will also finance the repairs.
Hard money
Hard-money lenders specialize in financing house flips, but they can finance rentals as well. A hard-money lender will have much higher rates than banks and will charge more fees, but most investors will have a much easier time qualifying with them than a bank. Hard-money loans have short terms (usually one year) and cannot be used on owner-occupant properties.
Hard-money loans are typically used for house flips, but you also may be able to use a hard-money loan to buy a rental and then refinance it into a long-term bank loan. I have seen hard-money rates as low as 8% recently, which is much lower than they used to be. A hard-money lender will often lend up to 90% of the purchase price and 100% of the repairs. Some hard-money lenders will finance the entire deal, but they are much more expensive, with rates above 12%.
Private money
Many hard-money lenders call themselves private-money lenders, but I think of private-money lenders as individuals. They are people you know: a family member, friend, co-worker, or another investor. I use a lot of private money on my house flips and on my rentals. Private money is easy for me because I literally send a text message or email, and the lender lets me know that day if they have money or not. Getting private money is all about relationships. I get most of my private funds from other investors.
The rates and terms for private money can vary greatly! I have some loans at 6% and others at 12%. The rate I pay depends on the lender, the deal, the time I need the money, and other factors. I am able to borrow 100% of the purchase price with most of my hard-money lenders, and one lends me 100% of the purchase price and 100% of the repairs upfront!
National rental property lenders
In the last few years, national lenders who specialize in lending to real estate investors have popped up. They are not banks but rather funds or companies that specialize in investor loans only. They have higher rates than most banks but do not worry as much about debt-to-income ratios or credit scores. They are more concerned about the property being a good rental and making money.
I have seen rates on rental properties as low as 5% with some of the bigger lenders. I have even seen 30 year fixed rate loans being offered. I am in the process of refinancing one of my properties to a 30 year fixed rate loan with one of these lenders. They will usually lend from 70% to 80% of the purchase price or value.
I have a list of hard money and rental property lenders here.
What is the best type of loan for an investor?
There are pros and cons to each loan. There is no best option because everyone has different goals, levels of experience, cash available, and different types of deals. I use different loans on my properties as well. I use bank money, hard money, and private money depending on the situation. The video below goes over the exact costs of these loans on my house flips:
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This article goes into the details of financing house flips as well.
Rental property owners will usually want a different type of financing since they hold the property for longer than a flip.
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This article goes into the details on getting loans for rental properties.
What is the first thing to do?
If you want to be a real estate investor but do not know where to start, I have a simple answer for you:
Talk to a lender or bank.
Even if you think there is no way they will give you a loan, go talk to them. They can tell you if you can get a loan, how much you qualify for, and what the loan will cost you. The meeting is free, and there is no reason not to do it. If the lender says you cannot get a loan, they should be able to tell you exactly why and help you fix any problems. They do all of this for free as well. Even if you want to wholesale, use hard money, use private money, or aren’t ready to invest for years, talk to a bank!
How to lower your debt-to-income ratio
One of the most common problems people have when qualifying for an investment property is a high debt-to-income (DTI) ratio. Most lenders will want to see a DTI ratio of 45 percent or lower. If your DTI ratio is higher than this, it will be very hard to qualify for a loan. I have investors emailing me all the time and asking how to get around high DTI ratios. Even my portfolio lender, who is very lenient with lending requirements, will not lend to people with high DTI ratios. However, some of the national rental property lenders and hard-money lenders mentioned prior do not care about DTI ratios.
DTI ratio is calculated by taking your monthly debt payments and dividing them by your gross income before taxes. If you have $2,000 of monthly debt and $5,000 of gross income, you would have a DTI ratio of 40 percent ($2,000/$5,000 = 40 percent). That is a very simple equation, but it is not always simple coming up with the monthly debt and income, especially if you own rental properties.
You must count the property mortgage payment against your DTI ratio. Even though your DTI ratio may be 35 percent right now, a new mortgage payment may push that number to 45 percent, and you may not qualify for the mortgage. The DTI ratio will generally be the deciding factor on how large of a loan you can qualify for. The most payments you can qualify for on a new mortgage would be the payment that pushes you to the maximum DTI ratio a lender will allow. If a lender will allow a 40 percent DTI ratio and a $1,000 house payment pushes you to 40 percent, that would be the highest payment you could qualify for.
It is your monthly income and monthly debt payments that the banks pay attention to, not total balances. If you have a $2,000 credit card balance, it may not seem that it would affect your ability to qualify for a loan. But if your payments are $200 a month, that would have a huge impact on how high of a mortgage you can get. A $200 dollar a month difference in mortgage payments can reduce the amount you qualify for by as much as $40,000!
What expenses and income are included in DTI ratios?
If you are applying for a loan, everyone who will be on the loan will have to include these figures in debt:
Minimum credit card payments
Auto loans
Student loans
Consumer loans
Other financial obligations including child support and alimony
Your current housing payments do not count if you are going to sell the house before you buy the new house. If you are keeping the house, you will have to count the payments as debt.
Your estimated future housing expense, which includes principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and any HOA fees.
To calculate your income, you use:
Your gross monthly salary before taxes, plus overtime and bonuses. Include any alimony or child support received that you choose to have considered for repayment of the loan.
Any additional income like rental property profits. This is tricky because some lenders will not count any rental income until it shows up on your taxes. Other lenders will count 75 percent of your rental income if you are an experienced investor or have the house leased.
Usually, it is a little tricky calculating the DTI ratio because different banks calculate things differently. It is best to let the lender you are using calculate the DTI for you. If the bank comes up with a DTI that seems very high, double-check how they calculated it to see if they are doing something strange or put a wrong number in somewhere. Some banks will count depreciation of investment properties against you, even though that depreciation is not a monthly expense.
Why do different banks use different debt-to-income ratios?
Different banks use different DTI ratios, and different loan programs use different DTI ratios. VA and FHA typically limit borrowers to a 52 percent DTI ratios but in some circumstances may increase that percentage slightly. Fannie Mae allows up to a 45 percent DTI ratio on some loans, but you must have great credit. With credit scores under 700, you typically would have to have your DTI ratio under 36 percent.
As you can see, this can all get very confusing trying to figure out yourself. Here is a link to the Fannie Mae lending matrix which is even more confusing. The best thing to do is to talk to a lender, and if your DTI ratio is high, work on lowering it.
How can you lower your debt-to-income ratio?
The easiest way to lower your DTI ratio is to make more money. The more gross income you make, the higher your DTI ratio will be, but that is not the only thing lenders look at. It is not easy to simply start making more money, but many investors and self-employed individuals or business owners claim very little income on their taxes. Claiming little income is great if you don’t want to pay much in taxes. If you want to qualify for a loan, claiming little income can make it nearly impossible to buy a house. You may think you are making $10,000 a month, but if your taxes show you making $2,000 a month, your DTI ratio could be much higher than you think. Claiming more income on your taxes will mean you have to pay the IRS more, but it may be worth it if it allows you to get a loan.
Reducing debt is another way to improve your debt-to-income ratio. DTI ratios take into consideration all monthly debts that show up on your credit report. Usually, the shortest debts hurt you the most because they have the highest payments. Even though you think you are doing the smart thing by getting a 15-year loan instead of a 30-year loan on your primary house, it actually will hurt your DTI ratios. A three-year loan on a car will make your DTI ratio higher than a six-year loan. I am not saying you should always get the longest term possible on debt, but the lower your minimum payments are, the lower your DTI ratio will be. You can always make extra payments if you want to pay off your loans quicker.
What else affects the DTI ratio?
Minimum credit card payments: credit cards typically have very high interest and very high monthly payments. If you can pay off credit cards, it will greatly improve your DTI ratio, but you must pay off the entire balance.
Auto loans: car loans can destroy a DTI ratio! A $600 car payment is equivalent to a $120,000 mortgage and will reduce your ability to qualify for a mortgage by $600 a month.
Student loans: student loans may have low interest and low payments, but they still hurt DTI ratios. I think it is usually better to pay off other debt first depending on what the rates are.
Consumer loans: do you have a loan for a TV, furniture, home equity line of credit, or any other monthly payments that show up on your credit? Even a home equity line of credit that you are not using can count against your DTI ratio.
If you don’t have the money to pay off your debt, you may be able to consolidate it with a larger loan against your home that would have a lower interest rate and monthly payment.
Refinancing investment properties
A fantastic strategy to make your money go further when investing in real estate is to refinance properties. A refinance is when you get a new loan on a property that you already own. A cash-out refinance is when you get a new loan a property you already own, and the new loan pays off all other debts plus gives you back money. If you owe $80,000 on a house but refinance the property with a $100,000 loan, you would get $20,000 in cash back minus any closing costs for the new loan.
The BRRRR strategy is a great way to buy rentals with less money because you get most, if not all, of your investment back after the refinance. It stands for:
Buy: you have to get an awesome deal (can use financing or cash).
Repair: most houses that are awesome deals need some work.
Rent: with most income properties the banks want a home rented out before they lend on it.
Refinance: get a new loan that pays off any old loans, pays off the repairs, and any down payments.
Conclusion
Financing is one of the most important aspects of investing in real estate. You can make more money with loans than by paying cash. You can also multiply your money quickly using refinances, and there are many options for investors, even when you have bad credit or low income. It can be confusing figuring out what the best option is, but talking to a bank or lender is the first step.
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