If you are offered a relatively low mortgage rate, locking it in can secure it and potentially save you a bundle of money over the life of your loan. In other words, it can be a smart move.
That said, when applying for a mortgage, you only have so much control over the mortgage rate, as lenders will consider your credit score, income, and assets to determine your risk as a borrower. What’s more, mortgage rates change daily based on external economic factors like investment activity and inflation.
Read on to learn how a mortgage rate lock works and the benefits and downsides of using this option.
What Is a Mortgage Rate Lock?
A mortgage rate lock is an agreement between a borrower and lender to secure an interest rate on a mortgage for a set period of time. Locking in your mortgage rate safeguards you from market fluctuations while the lender underwrites and processes your loan.
Interest rates can rise and fall significantly between mortgage preapproval and closing on a property.
Remember that in the home-buying process, when you’re pre-approved for a mortgage, you will know exactly how much you most likely can borrow, and then you can shop for a home in that range.
So when can you lock in a mortgage rate? Depending on the lender, you may have the option to lock in the rate any time between preapproval and when underwriting begins.
Before preapproval and locking in, it’s recommended to get multiple offers when shopping for a mortgage to find a competitive rate. 💡 Quick Tip: Want the comforts of home and to feel comfortable with your home loan? SoFi has a simple online application and a team dedicated to closing your loan on time. No surprise SoFi has been named a Top Online Lender in 2024 by LendingTree/Newsweek.
How a Mortgage Rate Lock Works
Mortgage rate locks are more complicated than simply securing a set rate in perpetuity. How the rate lock works in practice will vary among lenders, loan terms, different types of mortgages, and geographic locations.
Once you lock a mortgage rate, there are three possible scenarios: Interest rates will increase, decrease, or stay the same. The ideal outcome is securing a lower rate than the prevailing market interest rate at the time of closing.
Here are some key points to know if you are considering a rate lock:
• Rate locks are sometimes free but often cost between 0.25% and 0.50% of the loan amount.
• When you choose to lock in your rate, it’s stabilized for a set period of time — usually for 30 to 60 days, but up to 120 days may be available.
• If the rate lock expires before closing on the property, the ability to extend is subject to the lender.
• Time it right. The average mortgage took 44 days to close as of February 2024, according to ICE Mortgage Technology, underscoring the importance of timing a mortgage rate lock with your expected closing date. Otherwise, you could face fees for extending the rate lock or have to settle for a new, potentially higher rate.
• Whether borrowers are charged for a rate lock depends on the lender. It could be baked into the cost of the offer or tacked on as a flat fee or percentage of the loan amount. The longer the lock period, the higher the fees, generally speaking.
• Lenders have the discretion to void the rate lock and change your rate based on your personal financial situation. Say you take out a new line of credit to cover an emergency expense during the mortgage underwriting process. This could affect your credit and debt-to-income ratio, causing the lender to reevaluate your eligibility for the offered rate and financing.
• Lenders also determine the mortgage rate based on the types of houses a borrower is looking at: A primary residence vs. a vacation home or investment property, for example, would influence the interest rate.
Recommended: A Guide to Buying a Duplex
Consequences of Not Locking in Your Mortgage Rate
There are risks to not locking in a mortgage rate before closing.
If you don’t lock in a rate, it can change at any time. An uptick in interest rates would translate to a higher monthly mortgage payment. Granted, a slight bump to your monthly payment may not lead to mortgage relief, but it could cost thousands over time.
Example: The monthly payment on a $300,000 loan at a 30-year fixed rate would go up by $88 if the interest rate increased from 4% to 4.5%. This would add up to an extra $31,611 in interest paid over the life of the loan.
You can use a mortgage calculator tool to see how much a rise in rates could affect your mortgage payment.
Furthermore, a higher monthly payment might potentially disqualify you from financing, depending on the impact on your debt-to-income ratio. After a jump in interest rates, borrowers may need to make a larger down payment or buy mortgage points upfront to obtain financing.
Even if you lock in a mortgage rate early on, you could face these consequences if it expires before closing. Deciding when to lock in a mortgage rate should account for any potential contingencies that could delay the process. If you’re unsure, ask your lender for guidance on when you should lock in. 💡 Quick Tip: Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the better loan terms you’ll be offered. One way to improve your ratio is to increase your income (hello, side hustle!). Another way is to consolidate your debt and lower your monthly debt payments.
What to Do if Interest Rates Fall After Your Rate Lock
The main concern with mortgage rate locks is that you could miss out on a lower rate. In most cases, buyers will pay the rate they are locked in at if the prevailing interest rate is less.
A float-down option, however, protects you from rate increases while letting you switch to the lower interest rate at closing.
• Float-down policies vary by lender but generally cost more than a conventional rate lock for the added flexibility and assurance.
• It’s also possible that a float-down option won’t be triggered unless a certain threshold is met for the drop in rates.
• It’s worth noting that borrowers aren’t committed to the mortgage lender until closing, so reapplying elsewhere is an option if rates change considerably.
Pros and Cons of Mortgage Rate Lock
Back to the big question: Should I lock my mortgage rate today? It’s important to weigh the pros and cons to decide when to lock in a mortgage rate.
Pros
Cons
Locking in a rate you can afford can lessen money stress during the closing process
A rate lock might prevent you from getting a better deal if rates fall later on
You could save money on interest if you lock in before rates go up
If a rate lock expires, you may have to pay for an extension or get stuck with a potentially higher rate
Lenders may offer a short-term rate lock for free, providing a window to close the deal if rates spike but an opportunity to wait it out if they drop
Rate locks can involve a fee of 0.25% to 0.50% of the loan amount.
The Takeaway
A favorable interest rate can make a difference in your home-buying budget. If you’re considering a rate lock because you’re concerned that rates will be rising, it’s important to choose a lock period that gives the lender ample time to process the loan to avoid extra fees or a potentially higher rate.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
How long does a rate lock period last?
Rate locks usually last 30 to 60 days but can be shorter or longer depending on the agreement. It’s not uncommon for lenders to offer a free rate lock for a designated time frame.
Should you use a mortgage rate “float-down”?
If you’re worried about missing out on low interest rates, a mortgage rate float-down option could let you secure the current rate with the option to take a lower one if rates drop. Take note that these agreements usually outline a specified period and minimum amount the rate must drop to activate the float-down.
How much does a rate lock cost?
Lenders don’t always charge for a rate lock. If they do, you can expect costs to range from 0.25% to 0.50% of the loan amount for a lock period (usually 30 to 60 days). A longer lock period or adding a float-down option typically increases the rate lock cost.
What happens if my rate lock expires?
If your rate lock expires before you’ve finalized the deal, you can choose to extend the lock period (usually for a fee) or take the prevailing rate when you close on the loan.
Photo credit: iStock/Vertigo3d
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
In some popular budgets, 30% of your take-home pay goes toward the wants in life. So if you are wondering how to enjoy life when you have student loans, some of those funds can go to dining out, travel, and more. While student loans can eat up a portion of your disposable income, with smart budgeting, you can have some fun money available as you make your payments.
Read on for advice on how much money to earmark for fun when you’re focused on paying off what you borrowed for your education. Student debt, after all, is a phase of your life that you are moving through, and you can indeed find ways to live life while paying off student loans..
The Impact of Student Loan Debt
Yes, student loans can require time and effort to pay off. Many Americans are working their way through their payments. In fact, in one recent survey, the College Board found that 54% of undergraduate students at four-year institutions graduated with student loan debt. In other words, you are not alone.
Having that debt hanging over you can have an emotional impact in addition to affecting your finances. Student loan debt can result in higher levels of mental health issues; it can possibly contribute to money stress or feelings of depression.
That in turn can put strain on other aspects of life. It might, for instance, lead a borrower to delay life decisions, such as getting married or starting a family.
But having student loans on your plate can have a silver lining. That debt can encourage you to build positive financial habits as you work through your payments. You can learn how to budget efficiently. You can learn resilience and how to work through paying off debt. Consider it good practice for when you might have a car loan or a mortgage in the future. 💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.
How Much Money to Allocate for Fun
As you look at your budget when paying off student loans, you might wonder, “What’s the right amount of money to allocate for fun?”
There’s no “right” or “correct” amount. Funds that you allocate toward fun (whether that means buying new clothes you don’t need, snapping up some concert tickets, or spending a long weekend at the beach) will need to work within your budget. Given that you are allocating a percentage of income toward student loans, here’s how to figure that out.
10% Rule
The 10% Rule refers to allocating 10% of your monthly income after taxes toward fun. For example, if you make $3,000 per month after taxes, you’d allocate $300 toward fun each month. You can use that amount guilt-free, whether you want to put it toward hobbies or dining out.
50/30/20 Rule
The 50/30/20 rule could also help you budget when you’re paying off student loans. Here’s how it works; you would allocate your take-home pay as follows:
• 50% essential expenses: Essential expenses refer to the cost of housing, food (groceries, not going out to brunch with friends), healthcare, and the like, as well as minimum debt payments, such as what you owe per month for your student loans, credit card, and car loan, if you have one.
• 30% discretionary expenses: Discretionary expenses include items that aren’t as essential, including dining out (like the above-mentioned brunch), personal care (spa days, training sessions), non-essential clothes, travel expenses, etc.
• 20% for savings and additional debt payments: You can think of these as putting money toward your short- and long-term goals. They can include savings, investments, or a child’s education. Or making additional payments toward you student debt to pay it off that much faster.
70/20/10 Rule
Another type of rule, the 70/20/10 rule, may seem just like the 50/30/20 rule, which it is — just with different allocation percentages. This rule means you divide your take-home pay as follows:
• 70% goes toward needs and wants.
• 20% goes toward debt repayment and short-term savings.
• 10% goes toward investing and donations.
You would figure out how much of that 70% you can allocate for fun to make this budget work for you.
Budgeting as a Couple
If you have a partner, you will have to decide how to budget your funds. Some couples keep their money separate, while others pool their resources. You may be in a situation where one person earns more than the other, or perhaps one is still in school. One or both of you may have student debt in a marriage. It can take some discussion and experimentation with different budget systems to decide how to divide your money up to cover:
• Essential expenses
• Discretionary expenses
• Goals
• Debt payoff
• Savings (whether for the down payment on a house, an emergency fund, or other goal).
💡 Quick Tip: It might be beneficial to look for a refinancing lender that offers extras. SoFi members, for instance, can qualify for rate discounts and have access to career services, financial advisors, networking events, and more — at no extra cost.
Choose Your Fun
Fun money should be intentional and focused. There’s no rule on how to live life while paying off student loans, so consider what would bring you joy. Would it be knowing you can go out to dinner once or twice a month? Being able to buy a new mountain bike? Becoming a member at your favorite local museum?
A quick reminder: Not that there’s anything wrong with saving for a crazy weekend in Vegas, but you don’t need to spend thousands to have fun. Don’t forget to also find low-cost fun with family and friends through free local concerts, movie nights at home, strolls through the local farmers’ market or sunset walks at a local park, potluck dinners, and similar activities. Making your own fun can be a free or cheap way to stretch your budget while paying off your student loans.
Monthly Budget Example
Here’s a quick example of a simple monthly budget. Say your take-home pay is $6,000 a month , and these are some basic expenses:
• Mortgage: $2,000
• Property taxes: $500
• Credit card debt: $500
• Food: $300
• Car loan: $300
• Student loans: $250
• Transportation (gas, etc.): $100
• Utilities: $260
• Healthcare: $300
• Retirement savings: $200
• Emergency fund savings: $200
• College savings for your child: $200
• After-school childcare: $500
Total expenses: $5,610
If you have allocated the amounts needed in the 50/30/20 budget rule, for example, then you would subtract $5,510 from $6,000, and you have $490 left. In that case, you may consider using the difference between your expenses and your income as your fun money, as long as you’ve covered all your bases with your expenses.
Set Goals for Life Beyond Debt
Imagine your future without student loans. Setting financial goals — such as paying off student loans or other debt or accruing enough cash for the down payment on a house — can help you build long-term financial stability and help you work toward financial freedom. The best way to do that is to plan to achieve these goals and stay committed to them.
Take a look at this example: Let’s say that instead of buying a new pair of shoes every month, you put $100 in an investment account every month. In five years, that amount could grow to $8,000, and over 30 years, it could grow to over $280,000.
Without dipping into a no-fun lifestyle or dealing with more money stress, consider finding a way to economize today to make tomorrow brighter. For example, maybe you could forgo or cut your fun money for a few months out of the year to build your savings. Or put the money saved toward crushing your student debt that much sooner.
Recommended: Ways to Stay Motivated When Paying Down Debt
How to Manage Student Loans
What’s the best way to manage student loans without forgetting to allocate money toward fun? Take a look at a few steps you can take.
Make It Automatic
First, consider setting up an automatic payment plan through your loan servicer. An automatic payment plan will automatically pull money from your account each month, ensuring you do not miss any payments.
Missing payments can result in a delinquent account, which happens the first day after you miss a student loan payment. If you remain delinquent on your student loan payments after 90 days, your loan servicer will report you to the three major national credit bureaus. This could lower your credit score, which might make it more difficult to obtain credit, get a job, or secure housing.
If that carries on, you could default on your student loan. Consequences could include the entire unpaid balance of your loan coming due, loss of eligibility for federal student aid, further damage to your credit score, wage garnishment, and possibly legal action against you.
This is an extreme situation, but making it automatic will prevent these issues from occurring.
Income-Driven Repayment
If you’re a federal student loan borrower, you may qualify for an income-driven repayment plan, which means monthly student loan payments get capped at a certain level of your income and family size.
Several types of income-driven repayment plans include the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan, Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Repayment plan, Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan, and the Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan:
• SAVE Plan: Caps your payments at 10% of your discretionary income and, as of summer 2024, possibly 5%.
• PAYE Plan: Caps your payments at 10% of your discretionary income, and you’ll never pay more than the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount.
• IBR plan: Caps your payment at 10% of your discretionary income if you’re a new borrower on or after July 1, 2024. If you’re not a new borrower on or after July 1, 2014, your payment generally caps at 15% of your discretionary income.
• ICR plan: Offers the lesser of 20% of your discretionary income or what you would pay on a repayment plan with a fixed payment over 12 years based on your income.
You must apply to qualify for one of these plans (contact your loan servicer) and update your income and qualifications every year to continue with one of these plans.
Prioritize an Emergency Fund and Retirement
Many graduates ask this question: Should I fund my retirement and emergency savings or pay off my student loans?
In most situations, there’s no reason why you can’t do both. Furthermore, it’s important to realize the importance of funding an emergency fund and retirement savings.
• Your emergency fund is a financial safety net that will allow you to pay for a critical home repair (think air conditioning in the summer!) or help cover the negative financial consequences of becoming unemployed. Ideally, you want to save three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses in an account where you can quickly get the money out if necessary.
• Saving for retirement when you have student loans can be an important step for your financial security as you reach older age. If you retire at 65 and live till 95, you must ensure you’ve saved enough to last those 30 years. Consider contributing at least enough to your retirement plan to get your employer match — many employers match between 3% and 5% of employee pay.
Putting money in all these “buckets” means prioritizing and organizing your debts, putting together a budget, tracking your spending, and setting savings goals.
Celebrate Your Progress
Don’t forget to take time to celebrate your progress! In addition to spending your “fun money,” you should also allocate time toward celebrating your student loan payoff goals.
For example, if you choose to pay off a high-interest rate loan and succeed in paying it off, consider rewarding yourself with a night out or another type of splurge — maybe a larger splurge than you would ordinarily allocate for fun money.
Recommended: How to Handle Student Loans During Job Loss
The Takeaway
While student loans and other debt types may make you feel burdened, remember that this is just a phase you are moving through. Building fun money into your budget can help bridge the gap between frustration and feeling like you have flexibility.
Write down a few things you enjoy doing, and budget for them. Also investigate other ways to free up funds to make paying off your student loans more manageable.
Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.
With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.
Photo credit: iStock/Dragon Claws
SoFi Student Loan Refinance If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn investment and tax strategies to help you achieve financial security and prepare for a prosperous retirement.
How can you balance saving for emergencies and investing for the future? What strategies can you employ to maximize your tax benefits and build a secure financial future? NerdWallet’s Kim Palmer and Alana Benson discuss investment strategies and tax planning to help you understand how to navigate your financial journey effectively. They begin with a discussion of investment strategies, with tips and tricks on understanding different investment accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, leveraging compound interest, and the importance of starting investments early. Then, Alana discusses tax planning and filing in-depth, covering the intricacies of different tax forms like W-4s and W-2s, the significance of estimated taxes for freelancers, and strategies for managing capital gains taxes.
Kim and Alana delve into retirement planning and the challenges of active versus passive investing. They provide a framework for prioritizing your finances, emphasizing the creation of an emergency fund, taking advantage of employer 401(k) matches, and understanding the role of asset allocation based on age and risk tolerance. Additionally, they tackle the decision-making process in personal finance, such as choosing between paying off debt and investing, and the pros and cons of having a financial advisor.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Hey listener, we’ve got a special episode in store for you today. Our investing and tax Nerds recently hosted a webinar going deep into how you can level up your investing and tax strategy. So we packaged that up into a podcast episode for you. The Nerds talk about what you need to know about different investing accounts, how to get help with your taxes and more. So here’s the webinar.
Kim Palmer:
Welcome everyone. I am Kim Palmer. I’m a personal finance writer at NerdWallet where we help people make smart decisions. One important note, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. NerdWallet Inc is not an investment advisor or broker and does not provide personal financial advisory services. Today we are excited to talk to you about the basics of investing and taxes and we think we have some helpful info to share with you. You can always find more at nerdwallet.com or on the NerdWallet app. Our goal today is to kick off a helpful discussion about investing and tax information and tools. Alana Benson writes about investing topics including stocks, funds, and ethical investing. And now I will hand it over to Alana.
Alana Benson:
Thanks Kim. Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So before we start, I just want to say a couple of things that often get forgotten when we’re talking about investing. So first, investing usually comes second to some other goals. If you’re having a hard time paying for necessities or you don’t have an emergency fund, it’s really important to focus on those things before we even start worrying about investing. Second, instead of scrimping, try to increase your income. So I didn’t start investing until I was in my late 20s, and that’s because one, I didn’t work at NerdWallet yet, so I literally didn’t know anything. And two, I was making around $25,000 a year, so I didn’t have much expendable income. And when you don’t have extra income, it’s really hard to prioritize investing and it just might not even be a good idea to do that.
When I started making more money, it was suddenly a lot more possible for me to invest for retirement. So if it’s possible for you and you want to be investing more, look for jobs that will pay you more or look into side hustles, but cutting back on your streaming services probably will not save you enough money for retirement. And finally, if you don’t have the money to invest now, that’s totally fine. Some people have serious money anxieties and others just don’t have the cash. Whatever your reason is, don’t stress too much about it. Just keep learning and when you’re able to, you can start investing. So why do we invest? What is the point of all this? And the answer is that it’s because we like money and that’s okay. There’s no shame in admitting it, I like money, most people like money. It’s because money isn’t just money. It’s not like Scrooge McDuck diving into pools of money and buying Maseratis. It’s not that.
It’s about not being stressed about your money all the time and it’s about being able to buy everything that you need and some stuff that you want comfortably without having money stress take up all of your energy. Money allows us to thrive instead of just survive and investing helps you make more money than you could ever possibly make just by working at a job. So okay, what actually is investing? This whole process is very strange. Okay. Investing is the process of money that you already have making additional money for you. And this works through what’s called compound interest. Compound interest means that your gains get a little bit bigger every year and that’s also why starting when you’re younger gives you a huge advantage and more money in the long run. So for example, you just start at that little number one in the box up there. Say you buy an investment for $100, if it goes up the average stock market return of 10%, it could then be worth $110, meaning that you’ve made $10.
Then that $10 that you earned also starts earning compound interest on top of the $100 you initially invested. That doesn’t sound like much of a profit, but imagine if you were doing it with way larger amounts of money over a way longer period of time. Now that 10% is an annualized rate, which means that you’re not going to get 10% every single year. In all likelihood, some years you’re going to finish up, some years you’ll finish down. But over the course of decades when you average all that out, you tend to get about 10%. The way you actually start investing is through an investing account. And there’s a couple of different types, but the type of investment account you have is actually really, really important because a lot of them have some pretty significant tax benefits that you want to take advantage of. So you’ve got your 401(k)s and these are offered through your employer. You add money to it and sometimes your employer matches it. So it’s basically free money. If you have a 401(k), you’ll likely choose your investments from a pre-selected list or a fund that will automatically adjust itself over time.
So this means 401(k)s are typically very hands off. IRAs on the other hand are investment accounts that you open up yourself. IRAs can be opened online through brokerages and actually at a lot of large banks, they also do that. So it’s likely you can open up an investment account just through your bank. Unlike with a 401(k), IRAs you’ll have to choose your own investments in those accounts. You may have heard about a thing called a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) and it’s good if you know the difference. So with a Roth, you pay taxes on your money now just like any other money that you earn and then the money you have invested inside that account grows tax-free and you can take it out tax-free in retirement. With a traditional IRA or 401(k), the money you contribute today is pre-tax.
So that is you get to deduct it from your income taxes this year. So it’s like a nice little treat this year, but then when you cash it out in retirement, you’ll owe income taxes on it. This is really, really important. I’ve seen a lot of people make this mistake. Your investment account is not an investment, so a Roth IRA, a 401(k), not an investment. So if you have a Roth IRA, that’s great, but that doesn’t mean you’re actually invested in anything. So you fund your investment account and then you buy investments from there. But I’ve heard of people opening a Roth IRA, putting in a bunch of money and then wondering why it didn’t grow over the last 10 years. So you have to purchase investments for your money to actually grow and if you don’t do it, you’ll miss out on all of those years of growth, so very important.
And there’s a couple different types of investments that you can choose from once you open and fund your investment account. So you’ve got stocks, I’m sure everyone’s heard of that, these are shares of ownership in companies and the way you make money from them is if they go up in value and some pay you a cut of the company’s profits on a regular basis. Then you’ve got bonds. This is when you loan money to companies or the government and they pay you interest. Funds, now these are very exciting because they’re basically just baskets of stocks and bonds that you buy all at once. So a fund is still a stock or bond based investment depending on the type of fund that you get. And there’s a lot of different kinds such as index funds or exchange traded funds and mutual funds, but they’re all collections of investments that you buy at one time.
And I think funds are pretty awesome because if you own a stock and that company goes out of business, you lose all of your money. But if you invest in a fund that covers 100 stocks and that same stock goes out of business, your investment is buoyed up by the other 99 companies. So again, all of these investments, stocks, bonds and funds, you buy them from your investment account and then you own them in there. All right, so let’s talk about the stock market, it’s this weird nebulous term that’s hard to understand. But the stock market is just where people buy and sell investments, but now people just trade investments online. So the stock market is made up of several what are called market indexes. Now these are basically just predetermined lists of companies and the performance of that overall list can tell us a lot about the health of the US economy.
So for example, the S&P 500, something you probably have all heard of, that’s just the list of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US and it includes companies like Apple and Amazon. So when we say the stock market is down today, that means that on average most of those companies aren’t doing well. And you can’t invest in the literal stock market, but you can invest in funds that include all the same investments. So these are called index funds because they track a market index. So again, if you have an S&P 500 index fund, it should perform pretty closely to how the S&P 500 itself is actually performing. The S&P 500 goes up 10% a year on average and 6.5% after inflation. And this is just an average, so some years the market goes up more, some years it goes down less, but when done well, investing can potentially mean doubling your money every few years for doing basically nothing, which is my favorite way of earning money, by doing nothing. It’s great.
So let’s talk strategy. This is all about the way that you invest, when you put your money in and when you take your money out. So passive investing is where you buy that S&P 500 index fund and you keep adding money into it until you retire. It’s very boring, but it’s effective. So it can give you that 10% return on average over the long haul, but a lot of people want to make more than that 10%, and they do so by actively buying and selling stocks, crypto options and other high risk investments. They try to predict when they’ll be low, then they buy them and then they turn around and try to sell them when they’re high. So these people are called active traders or day traders. Only 20% of active traders make money over a six-month period. That is not a lot of people.
There have been a lot of studies over the years that show that active investing is a way less lucrative fashion than boring old passive investing with that index fund. Plus active investing is a lot more work, you have to do all kinds of research and you keep an eye on the markets and you can hypothetically earn more by actively trading versus passively earning the same amount as that historical return of 10%. But most people end up making less when they actually try it, and that’s because people are really bad at predicting things. And in order to make money on the overall stock market over the long term, you have to be really good at predicting things all the time. So maybe you make it big on one stock, but the odds of that happening again and again are very low. So let’s put all of this information together, the accounts, the actual investments and the strategy.
Here’s how financial advisors suggest you prioritize your money when you’re starting to invest. So the first thing you want to do is you’re not actually going to invest at all. The first thing is that you’re going to have an emergency fund. So this is money that you won’t actually put in the stock market, and that’s because when your money is invested, its value can change day by day. So say you have $1,000 and you want to use it for an emergency fund, but you invest it, when you have to fix something on your car suddenly, you go to check your money and its value could be $600 instead of $1,000 and that’s not good. If you put it in a high yield savings account, you can access that money at any time without risking its value. Plus right now the interest rates are really high.
So your money could be earning 4 to 5% just by sitting there. So next, you want to get that 401(k) match if it’s available to you because it’s free money. After that, it’s a good idea to look into IRAs. Both IRAs and 401(k)s have what’s called a contribution limit, which is just the maximum amount of money you can put in each of them every year. If you’re able to max out an IRA, then it’s a good call to move back to your 401(k). And the reason you switch around like that is because of the way the tax benefit works. So it’s likely more beneficial to invest in an IRA over a 401(k) if you’ve already gotten your match, if you have to choose between the two. Then if you max out your 401(k), you can move to a standard brokerage account. And this is not a list of everything you have to be doing right now.
You might be thinking, “Whoa, maxing out an IRA is $6,500, I cannot afford that”, and that is totally fine. So I like to picture it as a waterfall. So when you fill up your emergency fund, then you can start working on getting that 401(k) match. Only after that bucket is full should you then move on to investing in an IRA and so on. And wherever you’re at in your bucket filling journey is okay. It’s just nice to know what to do next when you’re ready for it. So we already talked about what accounts to invest from and the investments you can buy, but then do you just start buying a bunch of index funds or stocks or bonds? How do you know how much of each investment to get? And that is all about risk tolerance. And to understand that we have to understand how risk works over time.
If you’re investing for retirement and you’re in your 20s now, that means you have a ton of time for your investments to grow and then drop dramatically and then rise back up. So financial advisors would say you can afford to take on a bit more risk, AKA invest in riskier investments, because you have time for your investments to bounce back. Now, if you’re investing for your retirement and you’re 65, you don’t want to risk all the money you’ve been investing for years and years because you’re going to actually need to use it to pay for stuff in retirement pretty soon, so you want to protect it. And figuring out how much of each investment you should have is a fancy term called asset allocation, but it just means how much of your portfolio is in which of these investments.
And age is just a number, but typically when you’re younger, you may be able to afford to take more risk because you have more time for the stock market highs and lows to even out. So stocks, and okay, remember index funds and mutual funds are often made up of stocks so those count too, but those tend to carry more risk than investments like bonds. And an example of a 20-year-old’s investment portfolio, which includes all of your accounts so your 401(k), your Roth IRA, all of that together, that could be 100% stocks. And that’s fairly risky, but those 20 year olds are not going to retire for a long time. Now, a 65-year-old might have way more bonds because they don’t want to risk all that money they’ve earned over time. And one thing some investors do to mitigate risk is to slowly shift their asset allocation from high risk investments to low risk investments over time.
And again, I’m not a financial advisor and this is not personalized investment advice, but how much of each investment it’s good to have will usually depend on how much risk you are willing to take. And an investment portfolio can be really simple or really complicated. So you could have that one S&P 500 index fund and you purchase it from a Roth IRA, and that’s just all you do. Just if you want to keep it really simple or you can make it more complicated. So maybe you explore several stock-based funds such as international stocks and healthcare stocks and technology stocks, and you could invest in those types through a fund. So instead of buying 30 technology stocks, you just have one technology stock fund, then a small slice in bonds, and then an even smaller slice is crypto or other high risk investments. Though financial advisors have varying opinions on the safety of crypto.
So keep in mind, this is just an example and not necessarily what you should do personally, but it is really helpful to look up asset allocation portfolios through an online brokerage and see what they recommend for your specific age and when you plan on retiring. You can also talk with a financial advisor who can help guide you through those decisions. And investing is great because it can help you earn wealth, which you could spend on a boat, but more than likely one of your biggest investing goals will be retirement. And the sad truth is that in some things like retirement, they just cost so much that you’ll probably never afford them just by putting money in a savings account. And that’s why we say we have to invest for retirement. And the truth is that most people just aren’t saving enough for retirement.
So you’ll probably have a lot of expenses and you have to pay for that in retirement and some of it’s necessary like food or housing or medical care and some of it is travel or bucket list stuff, but you may not be working anymore or at least not as much as you were. And once you factor in inflation, it’s likely that a dollar today will be worth way less when you’re in retirement. And saving for retirement has gotten even more difficult because you can’t necessarily afford to live on social security. Medicare doesn’t always pay for your health needs and pensions aren’t really as common as they used to be. And because of all this, it’s really important to start investing for retirement sooner rather than later.
And if you’re early in your career, it might seem silly to worry about retiring right now, but if you start investing sooner, you actually spend less on retirement than if you start investing later in life overall and that’s because of compound interest. So our retirement calculator shows that if you start putting away $100 per month, that could grow to nearly $400,000 in 35 years. And it’s always good to know how much you should be trying to invest. When you have a long-term goal in mind, you want to know what that number is. So a retirement calculator can be a big help to figure that out, including NerdWallet’s retirement calculator. No shame, I’m going to plug it, but some financial advisors recommend saving 15% of your pre-tax income for retirement. So okay, let’s break that down. What does that look like?
So if you make $100,000 a year, again just because easy math, that would be $15,000 annually that you’re trying to save for retirement. But if you had a 5% match on your 401(k), you’d already be saving $10,000 a year between the $5,000 you make and the $5,000 your employer puts in. And then if you contributed another $5,000 to your Roth IRA, you’d already meet your target goal of saving $15,000 a year for retirement. You should also think about how much you can make during those peak earning years. If you’re younger, what career are you looking to have? You can look up what those wages tend to look like on a site like Glassdoor or ask someone in your life who is in that career path, and maybe do that tactfully because you’re asking about money. But figuring out what you want to be when you grow up may not be something you want to think about right now.
But to be honest, I studied English in college and no one told me about my job prospects. I figured that I would have to write a super famous book or be a teacher and you don’t have to have everything figured out now, but it doesn’t hurt to see how much a potential field could earn and figure out what careers are open to you. And just keep in mind that relationship between your earnings and investing like we talked about in the beginning. And if you’re later in your career, it is harder to take advantage of compound interest, but some of those investment accounts have those catch up contributions that we talked about so you’re able to contribute more after a certain age. Thank you all so much for listening to me talk very fast for a long time, and now I will hand it back over to Kim to talk about taxes. Thanks so much.
Kim Palmer:
Great, thank you so much, Alana. That was great. Someone actually asked in a pre-submitted question, “Why do I have to pay taxes?” Well, here is why. Taxes are used to pay for a lot of different things like clean water, roads, schools, healthcare, and the military. And your tax return is due every year in mid-April to the IRS. We’ll talk a little bit later about what to do if you need an extension, but in general that is the deadline. But first, let’s back up a little bit. When you file taxes, there is so much paperwork. One really important one is the W-4. That is the document that your employer asks you to fill out when you start a new job. And it plays a really big role in telling your employer how much in taxes to take out of each paycheck. It asks you things like your filing status, dependents, how much tax to withhold, and if you get a really big tax bill or a big refund, then you might want to go back and revisit your W-4 just to make sure you’re withholding enough but not too much.
There’s also the W-2, which is a document that your employer sends you to summarize how much in total they took out of your paycheck the previous year, and you’ll need to reference all those numbers when you file your tax return. If you are self-employed or you work a side hustle, then taxes won’t be automatically withheld from your paycheck, and that means you might have to pay something called estimated taxes, which is typically four times a year. In January, you’ll get something called a 1099 form that outlines how much money any company paid you, and then you’ll use that information when you file your return. And then finally, the 1040 is the main form you use when you file taxes, and we’ll drop a link in the chat for more about that. Okay, so you have all of your forms set. How do you actually file your taxes?
You can do it yourself through the IRS. You can use an online tax prep software or you can use a tax professional like an accountant or a tax preparer. If you do it on your own, you can either use paper forms or get access to brand name tax prep software through an IRS service called Free File. But it’s important to know that only people who make below a certain income qualify for the Free File program. If you use tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block or NerdWallet Taxes powered by Column Tax, many of these providers use a Q&A style to help you do your taxes and some even offer paid upgrades that connect you directly to a tax professional. If your finances are really complicated and you want some extra help, then you can also work with a tax preparer such as a certified public accountant.
You do want to make sure to ask them lots of questions and check their credentials before you agree to share your financial information. And you also want to check to see if they have a prepared tax identification number, which is an ID that’s required for anyone who files tax returns for compensation. The US does not have a flat tax system, and that means that portions of your income can be taxed at different rates. There are currently seven tax rates for federal income taxes that run from 10% to 37%. And which tax rate applies to you depends on your income and your filing status. So you might hear people say, “I’m in the 12% bracket” or “I’m in the 22% bracket”, but being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay that tax rate on everything you make. And in reality, people’s income can fall into several different tax brackets depending on how much they make.
Portions or chunks of your income are taxed at different rates and some of those different taxes are then added together. So for example, some of your income could be taxed at a rate of 10%, another chunk could be at 12%. The more you make, the higher the tax rate might be on some of your income. And depending on the state where you pay your income taxes, you might pay a flat rate or a progressive rate similar to the federal structure. A small handful of states have no state income tax. If you want to pay less, you can look for tax breaks. Tax credits and tax deductions are two tools that can help you potentially minimize your tax bill, but they do work in different ways. Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. As a simplified example, a $25,000 tax deduction on $100,000 of taxable income means that only $75,000 of that income will get taxed.
Tax credits directly reduce your tax bill by the value of their credit. So this means if you owe $2,000 in taxes and you’re eligible for a $1,000 tax credit, you’ll end up owing $1,000. Tax credits tend to be more valuable because they have the potential to pack a bigger punch, so you definitely want to try to take all the tax credits you qualify for, and you could even get money back if a credit is refundable. Common tax credits include the earned income tax credit, the child tax credit, the lifetime learning credit, and the American opportunity credit and savers credit.
All right, I alluded to this at the beginning, but what happens if you’re not going to be ready by mid-April? What do you do? If you know you won’t be able to file on time before tax day, you can file for a free extension with the IRS and that gives you until mid-October to file your return. But you want to make sure that at least 90% of what you think you’ll owe in April is covered by an estimated tax payment or your withholdings. Otherwise, the IRS can hit you with a penalty for late payment. The failure to pay penalty is really no joke. It’s 0.5% of your unpaid taxes each month your payment is late plus interest. If you file late and you did not file an extension, you could also get hit with a failure to file penalty, which is 5% of your unpaid taxes each month that your payment is late. There is some good-ish news, if you file late but you don’t owe anything, you won’t get penalized but that doesn’t mean you’re not still obligated to file.
If you don’t, the IRS could file a return on your behalf and you might miss out on a refund if you’re owed one. And if your tax bill is so high that you can’t pay it off, you do have options. You can set up a long-term or short-term payment plan with the IRS.
I know that was a whole lot of information and taxes can seem scary, but we break down lots of popular tax questions and terms on nerdwallet.com. We have some time to address some pre-submitted questions from the audience ranging from about Roth IRAs to the pros and cons of having a financial advisor. And I do want to give a reminder here as we answer these questions that we are not tax or investing advisors. We are writers who focus on these fields and what we say is not investing or tax advice. So with that said, let’s dive into these questions. A question that came to us in an email was: how do you choose between paying off credit card debt and investing in saving for emergencies?
I really love this question because I think it speaks to some of the biggest challenges of personal finance, navigating these choices. And the answer is it’s really up to you. Many financial advisors say that the first step is to create a starter emergency fund, and you can read more in our article that we’ll link to, Should I Pay Off Debt Or Save? And you’ll see most people think about saving $500 to $1,000 first and then after that to consider contributing enough to a workplace retirement plan if they have access to one, and then contributing 3% to 5% of income to an IRA or a Roth IRA. And then financial advisors say people can consider focusing on paying off high interest debt and amp up investing efforts once they have paid that off. And now Alana, I’ll turn over to you. Perhaps you can answer the questions about Roth IRAs.
Alana Benson:
Absolutely. So a couple folks were wondering, before we went over everything, what a Roth IRA is and how does it work and when is it worth it to open one? So we already covered this a little bit, but again, it’s an individual retirement account and it lets you contribute money that you’ve already paid taxes on. So think about when you get your paycheck. That money has already had taxes taken out of it. So once you hit age 59 and a half and you have held the Roth IRA for at least five years, you can withdraw your contributions and any earnings, which is a fancy word for money that you earn from investing, without paying taxes again. And whether it’s worth it is up to you, especially if you’re trying to decide between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA because it’s about when you pay those taxes and if you have a traditional IRA, you do get that tax break right now.
So that’s a personal decision. But you can also take out money tax-free from your Roth IRA later in life. So if that’s something that you are really trying to parse out, it might be good to talk to a financial advisor because they can help you with that question. We had two other questions. The first one is: how do you calculate how much money to put in your Roth IRA if you make over the maximum amount? So we didn’t actually cover this, so Roth IRAs do have income limits, but there is something called a Backdoor Roth that lets you contribute money first to a traditional IRA, pay taxes on it and then roll that money into a Roth IRA. And then our last question is: what are the pros and cons of having a financial advisor and how do you find one?
This is such a good question. The pros and cons really depend on your situation. The catchall term ‘financial advisor’ is used to describe a wide variety of people and services, including investment managers, financial consultants, financial planners. First and foremost, you always want to verify a financial professional because financial advisor doesn’t require people to be vetted. Certain things like a certified financial planner or a CFP, those actually have a very high level of education and have a certification that you can verify online. So anyone that you are talking about money with, you want to make sure that you are vetting them. And some of these people can just talk to you about your finances and some of them can actually manage your investments for you if you want that. Financial advisors, depending on the kind that you choose, can be pretty expensive. A robo-advisor is like an AI version of a financial advisor.
You just set up an account for one and then they charge you a pretty modest fee. And based on your age and your risk tolerance, it will manage your investments for you. An online financial advisor can offer more services and you can actually talk to a human being, but those do tend to cost a little bit more. And then you could go to an in-person financial advisor, depending on their credentials, that might cost even more, but sometimes it’s really nice to talk to somebody that you know and you can grow that relationship with them over time.
Kim Palmer:
Great. Thank you, Alana. And I think, actually, I can squeeze in one more question that we received. How do taxes work with investment accounts? How much do we set aside so we aren’t surprised by a tax bill? Which is a great question. If you’re selling stocks from a brokerage investment account, then you should be aware of three words, capital gains taxes. Those are the taxes you’ll pay when you sell assets for profit. Assets that you have owned for more than a year are subject to long-term capital gains tax, and the capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less are subject to short-term capital gains. If you regularly trade stocks or other investments, you might be subject to short-term capital gains.
Those profits are taxed as ordinary income based on your tax brackets, which we went over before. Your final tax bill depends on a number of different factors. If you don’t want to be surprised, estimate what you’ll owe using tools such as a tax calculator or IRS worksheets. If needed, consider setting aside enough to cover the tax bill or paying estimated taxes and as always, your specific situation will differ and we are not tax professionals. We hope that you enjoyed this webinar and learned something today. If you’d like to get even more clarity on your finances and continue learning with NerdWallet, consider signing up for an account with us at nerdwallet.com. Thank you so much for joining us.
Sean Pyles: And that’s all we have for this episode. To send the Nerds your money questions, call or text us on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. This webinar episode was produced by Alikay Wood, Sheri Gordon, and me. We had editing help from Liz Weston, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help. And with that said, until next time, turn the Nerds.
Moving is part of most people’s lives. Maybe you’re heading to grad school a couple of towns away. Or perhaps you have a job offer hundreds of miles away that you’re excited to accept.
Whatever the reason, the logistics of getting your stuff from the old place to the new one will need wrangling. Here, you’ll learn more about your options for moving, how much it may cost (from a couple of hundred dollars to thousands), and how to afford the expense.
DIY Moving Costs
Yes, you could move yourself. This could be a smart move for a small, local move, and it can help keep costs within your budget.
Exactly how much this might cost will be based on several factors:
• Cost of transportation (can you borrow a friend’s van or do you need to rent one)?
• Cost of the packing materials you use (recycled boxes and old newspapers vs. the pros’ higher-end and job-specific supplies
• How much stuff you’re moving (and if you need to figure out insurance for any pricey items)
• How far you’re going
• Whether you need to store some things temporarily.
As you might guess, packing up the contents of a dorm room and moving it half a mile away to the apartment you’re renting with friends will cost one amount. Supplies might cost, say, $65.
Loading up the contents of the sweet bungalow you’ve been living in for a couple of years and depositing your worldly possessions at a new place 1,000 miles away will be a much more involved and expensive undertaking. Packing materials alone could be a few or several hundred dollars, and renting a moving truck could be anywhere from $20 to $100 per day, depending on your local cost of living. Also, you will likely have to pay to stay somewhere overnight and also spend at least a couple of hundred dollars on gas, dollies, and insurance. 💡 Quick Tip: Some personal loan lenders can release your funds as quickly as the same day your loan is approved.
Full Service Moving Costs
If you decide a full-service move best meets your needs, you’re probably going to want to gather some estimates, so you can nail down the details and be ready when it’s time to go. Some pointers as you do so:
• Also, do check ratings and references carefully. There are plenty of instances of fraud and scams in this realm, and it’s wise to protect yourself.
• Booking your truck four to eight weeks in advance is typically a good rule of thumb — maybe even further out if you’re moving in the busy summer months.
• Professional moving companies can give you an estimate based largely on how many rooms of furniture you have. Most have websites, so you can often get a quick estimate online. A typical local (or fairly local, not long-haul) move for a three-bedroom home is about $2,100.
The average moving costs if you relocate cross-country can easily be twice that, or $4,300 for a distance of about 1,225 miles. Keep in mind, specifics will vary. Oversized or extremely heavy items might cost you extra — as could lots of stairs, or things that need to be taken apart and put back together.
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Extra Moving Costs to Think About
Then there are the extras that go along with getting out of one place and into another.
• Transportation: If you’re taking your car across the country, you’ll probably want to get a tune-up before you go. And then there’s gas, hotel stays, and eating on the road. Having a car transported instead of driving it yourself could cost anywhere from $700 to $2,000.
If you’re in a hurry and decide to fly, that’s another expense. And if you’re taking a pet, you may have to add a little bit more to your overall bill, depending on the mode of transportation you choose for your furry friend.
• Getting into your new home: Don’t forget about deposits you might have to make at your new location. That could be anything from first and last month’s rent and a pet deposit at a new apartment, to utility deposits at a new house.
• Home repairs and cleaning: Be ready to pay for some home repairs on both ends of your move. You may have to make some quick fixes to get out of your rental without losing the deposit or maybe even major repairs if you’re selling a home. When you get to your new location, you could find some unexpected problems. Or you may just want to hire someone to come in and clean so you can cross that off your ever-growing moving to-do list.
• Starting out fresh: You’ll probably need to buy some things at your new home (like curtains, curtain rods, hangers, bedding, etc.) that are easily overlooked. Then there’s that fridge to fill. All those little costs can add up.
• Cash for tips: You will likely need to withdraw money from an ATM to thank people for their help when you move. Tips for the movers. Tips for the handyman or housekeeper who helps you get things in shape. Tips at your hotel. Tips for waitstaff at the restaurants you’ll be eating at until you get your new place up and running—or at the very least, tips for the pizza delivery guy.
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Financing Your Move
If you have enough room on multiple credit cards, you could go that route, but should you? Interest rates can be considerable.
Or would a personal loan make more sense for you to cover all those costs, big and small?
Remember, even if you’ll be reimbursed by your employer or plan to take some moving deductions when you file your tax return, it’s very likely you’ll be paying at least some moving costs up front. And the longer those expenses sit on a credit card, the more interest racks up.
The Takeaway
Even if you have a small amount of stuff and aren’t moving very far, moving takes time, energy, organization, and money. With the average professional move costing a couple of thousand dollars, you may want to plan carefully for this expense. It’s likely not a good reason to dip into your emergency fund, so you may want to save in advance or consider a personal loan. If you qualify for a personal loan, your interest rate may be lower than a credit card, which can free up some cash and reduce your money stress.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2023 winner for Best Online Personal Loan overall.
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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
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Learning how to budget money on a low income takes work, but it can pay off big if you start early. Here’s how.
November 28, 2023
Starting your first job after school can be exciting, but it also ushers in new challenges. One of the biggest hurdles is making sure you can cover all of your bills and living expenses with your entry-level income.
Taking the time to create a budget can reduce stress and set you up for long-term financial success, says Michela Allocca, founder of the personal finance blog Break Your Budget. Sticking to a budget on a low income in your 20s can get your financial life in order with the right mindset for planning.
Not sure how to budget money on a low income? Allocca explains what a budget is, why it’s important to have one, and how to stick to one—even on a low income.
Why budgeting for young adults is important (especially on a low income)
Creating a budget may not sound like the most exciting way to spend time when you’re young and adventurous. But Allocca says that putting in the work now will make it easier to reach your financial goals and avoid money stress in the future.
In short, a budget is a spending plan based on an individual’s income and expenses, Allocca says. “In its simplest form, it’s how you choose to allocate your funds over a certain period of time,” she says. “It includes the essential expenses that make up your cost of living, as well as your nonessential expenses such as eating out, entertainment, or travel.”
Allocca believes having a budget is helpful at any stage of life, but it’s especially important in your 20s. “Not only does it provide direction on where your money is going, but it draws your awareness to what you are spending your money on,” she says. “This level of awareness makes it possible to nip poor spending habits in the bud early on, as well as ensure the money you are spending is being directed toward things that matter to you.”
How to create a budget that works for you
Younger people are often looking to align their spending with their values, Allocca says, and creating a budget can make your financial dreams a reality. When you’re ready to create a budget, Allocca recommends taking the following steps:
1. Gather information
“First, start by bringing awareness to your expenses,” Allocca says. “Look back at how you’ve been spending pre-budget.” She recommends taking a look at your credit and debit card statements from the last three months. From there, you can figure out the categories, based on your monthly expenses, that you’ll need to allocate money to.
2. Pinpoint your spending
Next, identify what you’re spending on average for each of the various categories of your budget. “You can use your historical information as a guide from the statements you reviewed earlier,” Allocca says. This is especially helpful if you’re thinking about how to budget to pay off debt.
3. Adapt and adjust
No budget is perfect out of the gate, Allocca says. Rather than spending time making sure your budget is flawless, it’s more important to put it into action and iterate as you move forward. “It’s super normal for your budget to shift and change both throughout the month and over time,” she says. “If it’s your first budget, keep an open mind to adjustments, and don’t worry if you are over or under in a certain area at first.”
To build your beginner budget, Allocca recommends using either a budgeting app or a budgeting spreadsheet (her personal preference).
How to stick to your budget over the long run
Creating a budget is the first step toward building a healthy financial future, but sticking to a budget is crucial. Allocca shares some tips for budgeting for young adults, even those who have a low income.
Learn how to say no
“’No,’ is a full sentence,” Allocca says. “In your early 20s it can be easy to succumb to peer pressure or to feel like you need to buy things to keep up with an image. It’s okay to turn down plans if it’s going to stretch your finances too thin or if it just isn’t worth it.” Your future self will be rewarded for making those sacrifices early in adulthood, she says.
Keep your essential expenses as low as possible
Having fewer expenses will make it easier to stick to a budget. “The highest expenses you’ll have are rent and your car, if you have one,” Allocca says. “If you’re in your early 20s, get a roommate or two, and don’t buy or lease a car that is more than 10%-15% of your income.”
Prioritize your value categories
What expenses are most important to you? “You don’t need to do everything, and you don’t need to spend your limited income on anything that isn’t adding value to your life,” Allocca says. “In my early 20s, I prioritized my discretionary income on my gym and my restaurant budget because those two things added the most value to my life.” Or, if you’re learning how to budget to pay off debt, you should prioritize your debt payments in your budget to become debt-free.
How to adjust when your expenses outweigh your income
Allocca says that budgeting for young adults on a low income is very similar to budgeting on an average or even a high income. The formula stays the same, she says: Allocate your income to the appropriate categories.
“The challenging part of having a low income is that you have less wiggle room, which can make day-to-day decision-making a lot harder,” Allocca says. “Don’t let this intimidate you, because a budget shows you how to use your money. It’s designed to be a tool to help you.”
And if your expenses outweigh your income, you can either reduce your expenses or increase your income. “Unfortunately, there is no secret sauce to this problem; it boils down to the math,” Allocca says. “That being said, there are ways to go about this that don’t need to be super overwhelming or stress-inducing.”
First, look at your expenses. If this is your first budget, there are likely many ways to make cuts. Start with unnecessary expenses: What can you live without? Once you’ve trimmed the nonessentials, assess whether you can reduce any essential expenses—whether that means moving to a less expensive apartment or buying produce on sale.
Spending less is a great start, but you can only cut your expenses so much. “The other side of the coin is increasing your income, which isn’t as hard as you think,” Allocca says. She encourages people to pick up a side hustle, such as ride-share driving or delivering food to earn extra cash. “Think about skills you have that you can leverage to earn money online via freelance websites,” she says.
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Budgeting allows you to get a handle on your expenses, spending, and financial goals. Having a budget in place early in adulthood helps you develop healthy financial habits—such as regularly adding to your savings account—and can reduce money-related anxiety, Allocca says.
But budgets are not a one-and-done exercise; your budget should evolve to adapt to your life situation and goals, she says. To stay on top of your changing priorities, try referring to a financial review checklist to ensure your budget is always aligned with where you are—and where you want to be.
Articles may contain information from third parties. The inclusion of such information does not imply an affiliation with the bank or bank sponsorship, endorsement, or verification regarding the third-party or information.
Want to learn how to make money on maternity leave? Parental leave can be a time of joy and excitement with a new baby around, but it can also mean money stress for parents. While you spend time taking care of your newborn, you may also need to find ways to make extra money to…
Want to learn how to make money on maternity leave?
Parental leave can be a time of joy and excitement with a new baby around, but it can also mean money stress for parents. While you spend time taking care of your newborn, you may also need to find ways to make extra money to pay for your expenses.
I had a baby not too long ago (she is currently 1.5 years old – time flies!), and being able to work while taking care of her has been a lifesaver. So, I understand why you’re reading this article – because I also had to work with a newborn.
The good news is that there are plenty of ways to make extra money while still being present for those early months with your new baby.
Why You May Need Extra Money On Maternity Leave
Many families have to take unpaid maternity leave, and others may find their leave is simply not long enough and want to extend it longer (many families in the U.S. get 3 months or even much less time).
Not only that, but maternity leave is an expensive time with medical bills coming in, the cost of baby essentials (diapers aren’t free!), and everyday living costs.
Also, there might be unexpected costs that weren’t part of your maternity leave budget. Perhaps your baby needs special formula or medication, or maybe your car broke down. These unplanned costs can put a dent in your finances, especially when your income may already be reduced during your maternity leave.
Or, you might also be looking to create a financial cushion for the future such as by saving for vacations or even starting a college fund for your baby. So, finding ways to make extra money during your maternity leave can be very helpful.
Recommended reading:
How To Make Money On Maternity Leave
When trying to earn money during maternity leave, here are three things to think about:
Flexibility is key – Choose work that can adapt to unexpected baby-related needs. It should let you manage your time effectively.
Think about earnings and growth – Think about how much you can make, how quickly, and if there’s room to grow.
Pick something you like and fits your goals – Do you enjoy the work? You may want to find work that matches your interests, skills, and future plans.
Read further to learn how to make money on maternity leave.
Top ways to make money on maternity leave
There are 27 ways to earn extra money on maternity leave listed below. If you want to skip the list, here are some jobs that you may want to start learning more about first:
1. Start a blog
Blogging is my favorite way to make money from home, and this is what I do while also raising my daughter.
Being a blogger involves creating content for online readers. You have the freedom to write about a topic you’re interested in (such as finance, travel, lifestyle, or family,) and freedom to decide how you want to make money on your blog – there are many different ways available such as affiliate marketing or displaying ads.
Blogging is my main source of income, and it has completely changed my life. I have the freedom to travel whenever I want, set my schedule, be my own boss, and I can spend all day with my daughter.
Learn more at How To Start A Blog FREE Course.
2. Sell printables on Etsy
Creating and selling digital printables on Etsy is a great way to work on your own schedule and earn money.
Plus, it is fairly passive income as you only have to make one digital file for each printable, and you can sell it as many times as you like. Another positive is that you can start it very affordably because you only need a laptop and internet.
So, what is a printable? They are digital items that you can download and print at home, such as grocery shopping checklists, budget planners, wedding invitations, wall art, and more.
I recommend signing up for Free Workshop: How To Earn Money Selling Printables. This free training will give you great ideas on what you can sell, how to get started, the costs, and how to make sales.
Recommended reading: How I Make Money Selling Printables On Etsy
Other than printables, there are many other things you can sell on Etsy as well, such as soap, candles, jewelry, and more.
3. Transcription work
Transcription jobs are flexible and can be done from home. By turning audio files into text, you can earn money when it’s most convenient for you.
An online transcriptionist listens to audio or video recordings and writes down exactly what is being said. This process is called transcribing. The goal is to do this without any errors in spelling, grammar, or punctuation.
If you want to learn how to make money on maternity leave, this can be a great option as you can do this at home.
I recommend watching Free Workshop: Is a Career in Transcription Right for You? to learn more.
Recommended reading: 18 Best Online Transcription Jobs For Beginners To Make $2,000 Monthly
4. Freelance writing
Freelance writers write articles, website content, social media posts, or even ebooks for clients.
I was a freelance writer for many years before switching to working full-time at writing here on Making Sense of Cents. It is a great career path where you can work from home and make your own schedule, such as writing while your baby is sleeping.
Recommended reading: 14 Places To Find Freelance Writing Jobs For Beginners
5. Virtual assistant
One of my first side hustles was working from home as a virtual assistant. This is a great way to work from home and have your own schedule.
Virtual assistants do many different kinds of tasks for clients, such as answering emails, scheduling appointments, managing websites, sending invoices, and so much more. It simply depends on what the person who is hiring you needs done.
If you want to become a virtual assistant, I recommend watching the free training 5 Steps To Become a Virtual Assistant.
Recommended reading: Best Ways To Find Virtual Assistant Jobs
6. Bookkeeper
If you’re good with numbers, you could sell bookkeeping services online or for small businesses, either on a freelance or part-time basis.
Bookkeepers are individuals responsible for managing financial things for businesses. This includes recording sales, tracking expenses, and generating financial reports.
If you want to become a bookkeeper, I recommend watching the free training How To Become A Bookkeeper.
Recommended reading: How To Find Online Bookkeeping Jobs
7. Freelance graphic design
With design skills, you can create logos, website designs, business cards, marketing materials, and more for clients and make money even during your maternity leave.
Recommended reading: How To Make Money As A Digital Designer
8. Data entry
Data entry clerks are like computer organizers. They enter, update, and double-check information in lists or tables. They type things like numbers and names to keep everything neat and organized.
Data entry jobs pay around $15 to $20 an hour, on average.
9. Create Canva templates
A Canva template is a pre-made design you can sell for things like social media graphics, ebooks, and presentations. It’s a handy starting point if a person is not great at designing from scratch.
Businesses, advertising professionals, social media influencers, and more all buy Canva templates all the time.
Canva templates have blank spaces where you can add your own words and pictures. You can also change colors and fonts to suit your preferences. They’re really useful for making things look good without spending a long time on it.
With Canva templates, you can sell a single design an unlimited amount of times. If you are looking for something passive, this is a great way to learn how to make money on maternity leave.
Recommended reading: How I Make $2,000+ Monthly Selling Canva Templates
10. Tutor
Tutoring students can be a great way to make money while on maternity leave, as there are many options to tutor from home. You may be able to create your own schedule and pick how much or how little you would like to work.
You can find online tutor jobs on websites such as Tutor.com. If you’d prefer to do in-person tutoring, you can call or email local tutoring companies in your area or share your tutoring services on social media or in local Facebook parent groups for your area.
Recommended reading: 11 Best Places To Find Online Tutoring Jobs (Make $100+ an hour)
11. Rent out your baby gear
Since you have a baby, you probably have a lot of baby gear.
Did you know that you can make extra money by renting it out?!
Renting out your baby gear on sites like BabyQuip can be a game changer when it comes to making extra income during maternity leave. This site allows you to share your baby items with families in need (such as a person on vacation), turning your baby gear into a source of income.
From strollers and cribs to high chairs and toys and more, you can list many different items on BabyQuip’s site.
Plus, you don’t need to have a lot of baby gear in order to get started – you can start with as little as a crib (which is the most commonly rented item).
According to BabyQuip, the average person can earn around $1,000 a month, and some are able to make over $10,000 per month.
12. Baby sleep consultant
As you already know, sleep is so important for a baby (and for the parents!).
You can earn a living while on maternity leave by becoming a sleep consultant. This is where you help other parents by helping them improve their baby’s sleep habits and routines.
Pediatric sleep consultants are experts in helping children sleep better and they make a big difference in families’ rest.
Read more at How To Become A Sleep Consultant And Make $10,000 Each Month.
13. Deliver groceries
If you want a flexible side gig while on maternity leave (and you also have someone to watch your child), then you may want to look into delivering groceries and food.
This can be a flexible side hustle because you can choose your hours and how much you’d like to work each week.
Services like Instacart need grocery shoppers, and the average shopper makes $15 to $20 an hour to deliver groceries. Drivers are paid per order, and you get to keep 100% of your tips. With Instacart, you would be physically going into grocery stores, picking out the food items yourself, checking out, and then delivering the groceries to your customer.
You can also learn more at Instacart Shopper Review: How much do Instacart Shoppers earn?
There are other food delivery gigs that you can do as well, such as GrubHub, Uber Eats, and DoorDash.
14. Airbnb host
If you have a separate space to rent in your home, such as an in-law’s quarters or an apartment above a garage, then you may be able to make money during your maternity leave by renting this space out.
You can learn more about this at What You Need To Know About Renting A Room In Your House.
15. Pet sit
If you are a pet lover, consider pet sitting for friends, family, or through an online service. It’s a great way to make some extra cash while you’re home and can be a fun addition to your day if you already have pets and babies at home.
If you’re interested in watching pets or dog walking, Rover is a platform where you can list your services and find clients.
16. Answer surveys
While answering online surveys and focus groups isn’t a way to make a ton of money, it can be a way to earn some extra money with whatever spare time you have from your newborn (such as when they are sleeping).
You simply share your opinions and answer simple questions, and in return, you can get cash or rewards like Amazon gift cards.
The survey companies I recommend include:
Survey Junkie
Swagbucks
Branded Surveys
InboxDollars
PrizeRebel
American Consumer Opinion
User Interviews – These are the highest paying surveys with the average being around $60.
Recommended reading: 18 Best Paid Survey Sites To Make $100+ Per Month
17. Affiliate marketing
If you want to learn how to make money while on maternity leave, one of my favorites is affiliate marketing.
I have been an affiliate marketer for years through this blog, and it is what allows me to stay at home with my daughter.
Affiliate marketing means making money by sharing a referral link on your website, YouTube channel, social media account, and more. When people use your referral link to purchase something, you then earn money.
For instance, consider sharing books from Amazon on your blog. You give your readers a link to a particular book and encourage people to buy it through your affiliate link. Companies like Amazon value affiliates who bring in high-quality traffic because they appreciate the extra support in helping them make more sales.
If you want to learn more about affiliate marketing, I recommend Affiliate Marketing Tips For Bloggers – Free eBook.
18. Proofread and edit
If you have an eye for detail, you may be able to sell your services as a proofreader or editor for different types of content.
Writers, business owners, and more hire proofreaders and editors to improve their work. There’s a big need for these types of positions, and you can find jobs through many different platforms.
If you want to become a proofreader, I recommend joining the free 76-minute workshop – Learn How to Become a Proofreader…and Start a Freelance Proofreading Business.
Recommended reading: 20 Best Online Proofreading Jobs For Beginners (Earn $40,000+ A Year)
19. In-home childcare
One great way to make money while on maternity leave is to provide childcare services for other families in your area, either part-time or full-time.
This is one of the best stay at home jobs for someone on maternity or paternity leave because it allows you to stay home with your kids while making money at the same time.
Depending on your location, you might need specific licenses. But you could potentially begin without the extra legal steps by working with just one or two children. Just be sure to verify with your local city or state regulations beforehand. It’s also very important to make sure that your home is safe for children and that you are CPR certified.
20. Sell baked goods
Do you like to cook? You may be able to make money at home by starting a home bakery for people and/or pets. You can sell homemade baked goods at local farmers’ markets or online too.
You can read more at How To Make Extra Money By Starting A Home Bakery. Here, you’ll learn about the equipment you need to start a home bakery, food laws, how much to price your baked goods at, and more.
If you are interested in baking goods for pets, then I recommend reading How I Earned Up to $4,000 Per Month Baking Dog Treats (With Zero Baking Experience!).
21. Stock photo photography
Selling stock photo photography can be a great way to learn how to make money on maternity leave. This is because you would be working for yourself and can take pictures in your free time.
Stock image sites are popular sites for photographers to sell their photos. These sites allow customers to purchase pictures for various uses like websites, TV shows, books, and social media.
One great thing about stock photo sites is that they can be a great form of passive income. You can take pictures, upload them, and earn money from an older photo for months or even years in the future.
Recommended reading: 18 Ways You Can Get Paid To Take Pictures
22. Social media manager
Social media managers handle businesses’ social media accounts with the goal of attracting new customers and helping a business grow.
They might share images or videos showcasing products or the company, take part in popular social media trends (like on TikTok) to increase visibility, and respond to common customer questions.
23. Book reviewer
Book reviewers read books and share what they think through paid reviews.
Yes, there are websites where you can receive payment (as well as a free book) for sharing your thoughts about books. Some companies that pay for book reviews are Online Book Club, Kirkus Reviews, and BookBrowse.
Recommended reading: 16 Best Ways To Get Paid To Read Books
24. Flea market flipper
A flipper buys items from places such as garage sales, Facebook Marketplace, or thrift stores and resells them online for a profit.
You may be able to earn extra money by flipping items for resale or possibly earn a full-time income! You can even be able to make this a more flexible gig, such as only working during nap times.
A helpful free training that I recommend is Turn Your Passion For Visiting Thrift Stores, Yard Sales & Flea Markets Into A Profitable Reselling Business In As Little As 14 Days.
25. Rent out storage space
If you have unused space in your home, you can sell it as storage for rent to people in your local area. This can be a garage, driveway, closet, basement, or even an attic.
You can use a site called Neighbor to list any extra space you have available for rent and have the potential to make up to $15,000 per year.
You can sign up at Neighbor for free here and list your space.
You can also learn more about Neighbor at Neighbor Review: Make Money Renting Your Storage Space.
26. Sell an online course
Selling an online course is a great option for stay-at-home moms and dads who want to have control over their schedule and earn a somewhat passive income.
Some topics that you can teach in a course are:
Fitness and exercise programs
Time management and productivity hacks
Parenting
Arts and crafts
Languages
Programming
Personal finance
Traveling
Photography and photo editing
Plants and gardening
Baking and pastry making
And so much more!
You can sell a course in many different ways, such as through Udemy or Teachable.
27. Rent out your unused RV
Instead of letting your RV sit in your driveway unused, you can list it on RVshare and make some semi-passive income. My sister has rented a few RVs from this site, and she has had a great experience each time!
Renting out an RV can earn you anywhere from a couple hundred dollars to a couple thousand dollars each month.
How To Manage Your Money On Maternity Leave
Managing your money while on maternity leave can be tough at times. If you are looking for more things that you can do other than only learning how to make money on maternity leave, you do have some options.
Below, I will be talking about how to cut your budget so that you can save money, as well as your rights and benefits on maternity leave.
Cut your budget
During parental leave, cutting your budget can be a great way to manage your finances while adapting to life with a newborn.
Here are a few ideas to help reduce your expenses during this time:
Evaluate your current spending habits to determine where you can make adjustments – This might involve tracking your spending for a month or looking back at bank statements. You’ll likely find areas where you can save, such as dining out, entertainment, or shopping.
Cut back on subscriptions and memberships – Assess each subscription and determine the must-haves and those you can temporarily suspend or cancel.
Batch cook freezer meals before the baby comes – This is where you make a bunch of meals before the baby is born and freeze them. This can give you an easy meal to pop in the oven before the baby comes.
Cook at home – Getting food delivered can be convenient, but it’s usually more expensive than making your meals at home. Plus, cooking allows you to control ingredients and portion sizes.
Buy in bulk – When possible, get the items you use most frequently in bulk. Items like diapers, baby wipes, and nonperishable foods have a longer shelf life, and buying them in larger quantities can offer considerable savings.
Get secondhand and borrowed items – Instead of buying new baby gear and clothing, try borrowing from friends or family, or shopping at thrift stores like Once Upon A Child. Babies grow quickly, and they often outgrow items before they wear out.
Negotiate medical costs – If you have medical bills, you can try to negotiate them. Medical providers may be open to setting up payment plans or giving discounts for paying up front.
Short-term disability insurance
You may want to look into short-term disability insurance options before your maternity leave starts to help cover lost wages during your time off.
In some cases, your employer may provide this benefit, or you can purchase a policy separately. These policies typically cover around 60% to 80% of your regular income and may have a waiting period before benefits start (so, you will need to have the policy before you get pregnant).
Government assistance programs
There are government assistance programs that could help you during your maternity leave. For example, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has nutrition education, breastfeeding support, and healthy food benefits for eligible families.
You can also check to see if you qualify for financial assistance from your state or other programs related to maternity and family support.
Find charities for help
During maternity leave, managing money might be tricky, but there are places that can help, like charities and groups that want to support new parents. You can find them online or at local community centers. Libraries, online parent groups, and special organizations are also great places to get help.
Remember, asking for help is a strong and smart thing to do, and there are lots of resources out there to help parents during this special time.
I recommend reading:
Know your state and federal law rights
I recommend learning about relevant state and federal laws governing maternity and family leave. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave for the birth or adoption of a child. The law also says that you cannot be replaced or overlooked for pay raises and other promotions during your leave.
However, paid maternity leave policies differ by state and company. Some employers may offer a certain amount of paid leave, while others may offer none. Make sure to review your state’s laws and your employer’s policies to understand your rights during your maternity leave.
By knowing your rights, insurance options, and the benefits available to you, you can better plan your financial strategy during your maternity leave.
Frequently Asked Questions About How To Make Money on Maternity Leave
Below are commonly asked questions about how to make money while on maternity leave.
Can I make money while on maternity leave? Are you allowed to make money while on maternity leave?
If you are in the U.S., then yes, you should be able to make money on maternity leave. If you are unsure, check your employment contract or talk to your employer’s human resources department to be positive.
Before starting any side income streams, if you’re worried about whether or not you are allowed to make extra money while on maternity leave, then double-check your company’s policies and your leave agreement to make sure that earning money during your time off is permissible. Some employers may have restrictions on outside work or income during your leave.
How do I survive financially during maternity leave?
To survive financially during your maternity leave, you may need to find ways to cut your budget as well as learn how to make money on maternity leave.
Does unpaid maternity leave qualify for unemployment? Can you collect unemployment after having a baby?
This depends on why you are no longer working at your job. If you simply stopped working because of your pregnancy, then you may not be able to receive unemployment pay.
However, if you are pregnant or recently had a baby and were fired or laid off, then you may qualify for unemployment pay.
What are some ways to make money while on maternity leave? How can I make money while taking care of my baby?
There are many ways to make money while on parental leave, such as by working online, selling photography, renting out storage space or an RV, and more.
How can new mothers use their time efficiently while working from home?
Time management is important for new moms working from home. I recommend creating a routine, setting realistic goals (if you are working and watching your baby, it won’t always go perfectly), and designating work hours during the baby’s nap time to help manage work alongside childcare responsibilities. It’s also important to take regular breaks to avoid burnout and feeling stressed. Working while also taking care of a child can be very tiring.
How to Make Money on Maternity Leave – Summary
Federal law, specifically the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), does not require employers to give paid maternity leave. Eligible employees are allowed to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave, and because of this, you might be worried about money during your maternity leave or feel like you can’t afford to take the full 12 weeks.
There are many ways to make money while on maternity leave, which may help you to pay your bills without sacrificing quality time with your new baby.
For example, you can sell handmade items or even sell consulting services. Remote jobs and work-from-home jobs are also an option (and my favorite), allowing you to use skills like graphic design or writing to make money.
Remember, it is possible to make money while on maternity leave. Yes, it will most likely be very hard at times and even feel impossible. But, you do have many options to try and make it work.
Do you want to learn how to make money on maternity leave?
FOMO spending stands for “fear of missing out,” meaning you are dropping dollars to keep up with what others are doing. That might mean anything from trying the skincare product a favorite celeb swears by to dining at the super-pricey new omakase place all your friends are raving about or even signing your toddler up for an enrichment class because your neighbor says it’s a fab headstart.
The fear of missing out can change how many people relate to their cash. It can trigger impulsive and compulsive spending and lead to “splashing out” on things they never had any intention of purchasing. In other words, it can motivate them to live (too) large and wind up with pricey credit card debt and little progress towards their savings goals.
If you’re wondering how to stop FOMO spending, know this: It doesn’t mean subsisting on ramen and never traveling. It does mean being mindful and meaningful so you don’t get caught up in trying to match what your free-spending friends may do. Here, you’ll learn more about FOMO spending and how not to overdo it.
Wait, Back Up—What Is FOMO?
FOMO, or Fear Of Missing Out, is a feeling of anxiety someone might experience about not being part of an event that is happening, usually triggered these days by seeing social media posts from friends enjoying an activity (from a Taylor Swift concert to a holiday in Croatia) and wishing you were part of the fun. While it’s certainly true that businesses employ FOMO tactics to get you to buy things, it’s not just a sales strategy.
Nick Hobson Ph.D., says “While the fear of missing out has always been there, the explosion of social media has launched our young people headfirst into the FOMO experience.”
For many people, social media can be their main community lifeline, and having the impression that you are not part of the “in” group is enough to trigger a stress response like FOMO.
FOMO Spending Definition
So how is FOMO spending defined? It’s when a fear of missing out propels you to spend money (perhaps too much money) to feel as if you are part of the crowd and keeping up with your peers.
Examples could be feeling as if two far-flung vacations a year are must-haves because that’s what your coworkers do. Or perhaps it means plunking down four figures on a designer bag because all your friends have one. At a smaller scale, it could mean joining the other moms every morning after drop-off for a fancy latte. It’s all part of feeling as if you’re on the same level as your peers…and it all can add up.
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FOMO Spending to Keep Up with Peers
How widespread is FOMO spending? One recent study found that almost 40% of more than 1,000 Americans ages 18 to 34 said they have gone into debt just to keep up with their friends’ lifestyles. This is FOMO taken the financial extreme.
People may try to overcome FOMO by spending more than they have on things like travel, clothes, food, and going out. Whether it’s bigger “once-in-a-lifetime” experiences you can’t miss out on like trips, music festivals, or weddings, or even smaller events like dinner and drinks, FOMO spending can impact your finances and ability to build wealth over time.
• FOMO spending often stems from peer pressure to buy something you can’t afford so that you can still participate in a group.
• It could stem from feelings of insecurity; you want to show others that you fit in and do so by spending more than you might otherwise.
Unfortunately, this can add up to extra spending, money stress, and debt.
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How Many People FOMO Spend?
As noted above, one recent study found that 40% of people admit to FOMO spending. And those are the ones willing to admit to it. The figure could be considerably higher.
One study found almost twice that percentage of people admitted to going into debt to keep up with their friends’ spending. That’s a startling figure and shows just how common FOMO spending can be.
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4 Tips to Avoid FOMO Spending
Reining in FOMO spending can be hard, especially if your friends are truly living at a different income level than you. But odds are, some of your friend group might be in the same situation and are overspending in an effort to impress. You can avoid FOMO shopping or at least cut back on spending by trying these tips:
1. Suggest Free Alternatives
The first way to conquer FOMO spending is to simply stop spending! While it’s of course easier said than done, why not come up with a free alternative when a friend suggests plans?
Meeting for up for a $10 bubble tea at a cafe could just as easily turn into sitting on your couch with a homemade cup of joe. Friends want to go out to the movies or the mall? Suggest visiting a museum on a day they offer free admission instead.
2. Limit Your Card Usage and Carry Cash
Limiting your spending on credit or even debit cards and making the majority of your purchases with cash will drastically impact how often you impulse-spend on something when the feeling of FOMO creeps in.
If you only withdraw a certain amount before heading out to dinner or the bar, you’ll already have a pre-set budget that you know you feel comfortable spending. So maybe you only have one pricey cocktail or skip coffee and dessert: You can still have a great experience going out.
3. Create a Budget and Stick to It
Along the same lines, creating a monthly or even weekly budget may also help you cut down on FOMO spending. Your budget can and should include money for savings or big-ticket items like travel you know you have coming up. Having a budget can give you guardrails and help you focus on the big-picture rather than getting caught up in the FOMO moment.
By putting some money towards future goals and then calculating how much “fun” money you have left over after bills, you’ll know exactly when you’ve reached your limit. While making a budget might not help you eliminate FOMO spending altogether, you’ll at least give yourself more constraints if you limit yourself to a specific spending amount.
4. Lower Your Social Media Exposure
Ready for another way to stop spending so much? The endless scrolling on platforms like Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram offer some instant gratification, but social media is one of the main contributing factors of FOMO.
Targeted ads, influencers touting products, and even your own friends’ posts can all conspire to budget you toward spending too much. Seeing all the wonderful shiny things and exciting experiences out there can lead you to splurge (and often).
Many people find their guard is especially down at night, and that’s when they are likely to snap up skincare products, a new watch, or a hotel room overlooking the beach. If you can relate, trade in your laptop or phone time before bed for a good old-fashioned book or movie. You won’t wake up the next morning with that guilt about spending money.
If You Must Spend, Still Plan Ahead
You won’t be able to avoid FOMO spending all of the time, so it’s also important to have a strategy in place for making the best use of your time and money if the feeling kicks in.
Some people consider their fixed vs. variable expenses and build in a little extra spending money as part of their discretionary spending. If you know you have, say, a cash cushion of $100 or $200 a month, this can help with those moments when you decide you want to “keep up with the Joneses.” You can decide if this is the moment to splurge or not.
Delayed Gratification
If you have a sudden urge to buy something because of FOMO, try instead to write the item down, whether in a Notes app on your phone or even just a physical piece of paper, and come back to it 24 hours later.
This will help you avoid impulse purchases just because something is on sale, for instance, or your friend just bought it. You can evaluate in a day if it’s something you still really need. Some people even stretch that 24 hours out to a full month with what’s known as the 30-day spending rule.
Buying in Person
Nothing crushes the FOMO spending feeling more than forcing yourself to trek to an actual physical store to make a purchase.
Too many times, FOMO spending happens when you are online shopping and the ease of delivery right to your door doesn’t make you think twice about your purchase.
Making that easy impulse purchase into a chore can be a buzzkill that helps you save big-time.
Introducing SoFi Checking and Savings
Managing your money well can mean recognizing FOMO spending and seeing when it may fit with your budget and your money goals. It can take wisdom and discipline, but it can keep you out of debt and help you build wealth.
This is where the right banking partner comes in; one who can help you see the big picture on your spending and keep tabs on your cash flow. Like SoFi.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with up to 4.50% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
FAQ
How do you deal with FOMO buying?
Recognizing FOMO buying is the first step to minimizing it. You might avoid social media apps that trigger this kind of spending; find free alternatives to pricey outings your friends suggest; or tweak your budget to allow for small splurges and stick within those spending limits.
How can you stop being affected by FOMO?
Avoiding FOMO is a very personal thing. Some people avoid or even delete social media apps that trigger overspending; others have honest talks with their friend group about their financial limits; still others decide to sidestep certain outings with friends that they know will bust their budget and join them for low-cost get-togethers instead.
What is FOMO spending?
FOMO spending is when you buy an item or experience because you don’t want to miss out on something “everyone else is doing.” Some people may think of it as responding to peer pressure. You purchase, say, a status watch or take a pricey vacation not because you can comfortably afford it but because you want to “keep up with the Joneses.”
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.50% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.
SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.50% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.50% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 8/9/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet..
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Most people want to save for the future, whether that means a short-term goal like a vacation in Bali next year or a longer-term aspiration, such as retiring by age 50. To fund these dreams, many experts recommend putting aside at least 20% of your paycheck.
However, each person’s financial situation is of course different. One person might have student loans they are paying off on a lower income while another might be earning a lofty salary with minimal debt. And yet a third might have a moderate income, some student loans, and they just closed on a home and are spending on major renovations.
So exactly how much you should save will depend on a variety of factors, such as your goals, your current income and debt, and your cost of living. Here, some guidelines to help you know exactly how much of your paycheck to save.
What Percentage of My Paycheck Should I Save?
Most of us know that saving money is important, but how much should you regularly whisk out of your checking account and into a savings vehicle? When it comes to what percentage of income to save for future expenses, financial advice can vary depending on where you look. Some experts suggest saving as little as 10% of each paycheck, while others might suggest 30% or more. A figure of 20% often seems a comfortable compromise.
The 50 20 30 Rule
According to the 50/30/20 rule of budgeting, 50% of your take-home income should go to essentials, 30% to nonessentials, and 20% to saving for future goals (including debt repayment beyond the minimum).
The right amount for you to save from each paycheck will depend on your income, your fixed expenses, as well as your short- and long-term financial goals.
For example, if the cost of living is high in your area, you may need to spend more than half of your take-home pay on living expenses, making it hard to put 20% of each paycheck into savings.
On the other hand, If your goal is to buy a home in two years, you may need to put more than 20% percent of your paycheck into savings in order to have your down payment in that timeline. If you want to retire early, you may need to put more of your income towards retirement every month than the average worker.
💡 Quick Tip: An online bank account with SoFi can help your money earn more — up to 4.50% APY, with no minimum balance required.
The Pros and Cons of Saving More or Less
While 20% is a good guideline, how much of each paycheck to save is a personal decision.
If you are trying to decide just how much of your paycheck to save, consider these points. Being aggressive with savings can have its benefits. You might also consider these the advantages that you miss out on if you save less.
• By saving more, you reach your goal faster.
• By maximizing the money you put away, you may rein in your spending and manage your money better in general.
• If your company offers a match for retirement savings, you can basically get free money by saving at the stipulated rate.
• Some savings vehicles offer tax advantages.
However, there are also downsides to saving as much as possible. You could avoid these by saving less. In other words, these are the benefits of saving less.
• By saving less, you might avoid living paycheck to paycheck, which is stressful.
• You can put more money towards paying down high-interest debt which can enhance your financial situation.
• You have more money for discretionary spending and enjoying your life.
Here’s how this stacks up in chart form:
Pros of Saving More/Cons of Saving Less
Cons of Saving More/Pros of Saving Less
Saving more means reaching financial goals faster
Saving aggressively can lead to money stress
Saving more can rein in spending and lead to better money management
Saving more can mean less money free to pay down debt
Saving more can potentially reap a company match via employee savings plan
The more you save, the less you may have for discretionary or “fun” spending
Saving more can mean tax advantages
Recommended: Cost of Living Index by State
4 Potential Savings Goals to Work Toward
Socking away money can be a good idea, but it is undoubtedly difficult to save. It can be helpful to really think about what it is you are saving for. Having a few specific goals in mind can help you determine how much you need to save each month and also help keep you motivated to maintain the discipline it takes to save.
Here are some common savings goals that can help you build financial wellness.
1. An Emergency Fund
Do you have a healthy reserve of cash you could tap to get through a difficult time or cover a large, unexpected expense?
If not, you may want to start saving up for an emergency fund that could help you handle a financial curveball, such as a job loss, medical emergency, or big ticket car or home repair.
Having this back-up fund in place can help ensure that you never have to rely on high-interest credit cards to make ends meet.
Ideally, an emergency fund will contain enough money to cover your living expenses for three to six months, but how much you’ll want to put aside will depend on your situation.
If you are married with no children, for example, you may only need to cover three months of expenses. If you have kids or you’re single, you may want to have an emergency fund that could cover at least six months’ worth of expenses.
It can help to keep the money in an account that earns more interest than a standard savings account, but allows you to easily access your money.
Some good options include: a high-yield savings account (online banks tend to offer good rates) or money market account.
2. Paying Off High-Interest Debt
Another important thing you could consider doing with your savings is paying off any “bad” or high-interest debt you may have. Some ideas for a debt management plan:
• A debt payoff strategy you may want to consider is the debt snowball method. With this approach, you start by paying off the debt with the smallest balance and put all your extra payments towards that until it’s paid off (while continuing to pay the minimum on your other debts).
You then put extra payments toward the debt with the next highest balance, and so on. This can give you a sense of accomplishment which can help motivate you to continue your aggressive repayment.
• Another approach is the debt avalanche method. This Involves putting all your extra payments towards the debt with the highest interest rate, while paying the minimum on the others.
When that debt is paid off, you then focus on the debt with the next-highest interest rate. Since you are concentrating on the debt with the highest interest rate, this strategy can end up being the most cost-effective.
3. Saving for Retirement
One of the key things to save for each month is your future. Exactly how much of your paycheck should go to retirement savings will depend on your age and when you want to retire.
If your company offers a 401(k) with matching contributions, it can make sense to put aside at least as much of your paycheck as your company will match (since this is essentially free money).
If you don’t have access to a 401(k) or want to contribute beyond that fund, you may want to open a Roth or Traditional IRA. Both types of IRAs have different tax benefits.
When you invest in a Roth IRA the money is taxed at the time of contribution but then in retirement, you can withdraw it tax free. Contributions made to a traditional IRA might not be taxed at the time they are made but are taxed when they are withdrawn in retirement.
When choosing how much of your paycheck to put into retirement savings, you may want to keep in mind that the IRS sets restrictions on how much you can contribute to your retirement funds each year.
4. Saving for Other Goals
After establishing plans for debt repayment, an emergency fund, and retirement savings, you may also want to consider working toward your other financial goals, like buying a house, saving for your kids’ future education, or going on a great vacation.
How much of your paycheck you should save for these goals will depend on what you want to accomplish and when you want to accomplish it.
When you’re saving for a big purchase, for example, you may want to start by determining how much money you’ll need and when you want to have the money.
You can then break that dollar amount down into the amount you need to save each year and month. This can help you determine how much of each paycheck you may want to put aside to help you achieve that goal.
• For savings goals you want to accomplish in the next three to five years, you may want to consider putting the money in a safe account that earns higher-than-average interest (such as a high-yield savings account or a CD).
• Longer-term savings goals, such as your children’s college education, can be invested more aggressively, since you’ll have more time to ride out the ups and downs of the securities markets. For college savings, you may want to consider opening a 529 savings plan.
💡 Quick Tip: Fees can be a real drag when you’re trying to save money. SoFi’s high-yield checking account has no account fees, including overdraft coverage up to $50.
Saving a Percentage vs. an Amount
There are different ways to look at saving: Some people follow the percentage method, while others prefer to think in terms of a dollar amount that gets socked away.
For many people, a percentage is a good way to go.
• That percentage can be “set it and forget it.” It can help guide you if, say, you get a raise. The amount you are saving will automatically rise with your salary.
• Similarly, if you are a seasonal worker, the amount you are saving will go down during your slow season. Say you earn $15,000 a month during the busy season and save 20%. That would be $3,000 a month. If your pay dips to $5,000 during the quiet season, only $1,000 per month would go into savings.
However, other people may find that putting aside a set amount, perhaps $1,000 a month, is a good way to save.
• That might make it easier for them to calculate and track their savings. It can be a way that people feel they are in control of their money.
• When their income rises or falls, they would have the opportunity to be hands-on with their money and determine whether to adjust the amount or not.
Here’s a look in chart form:
Saving a Percentage
Saving an Amount
“Set it and forget it” convenience
Can be simpler to remember and track
Automatically adjusts savings when your income changes
Can get you to check in with your money and adjust your savings amount regularly
💡 Quick Tip: When you feel the urge to buy something that isn’t in your budget, try the 30-day rule. Make a note of the item in your calendar for 30 days into the future. When the date rolls around, there’s a good chance the “gotta have it” feeling will have subsided.
Starting to Save With SoFi
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with up to 4.50% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
FAQ
Is it good to save 50% of your salary?
If you can afford to save 50% of your salary, that can be a habit that can help you reach financial stability quickly. However, many people will save less than that, with 20% of one’s take-home pay being a solid figure to aim for.
Is saving 10% of your paycheck enough?
Saving 10% of your paycheck is a good start and is certainly better than not saving at all. If you are just starting out, have a high cost of living, or have considerable debt, it can be a good move to start with 10% as your savings goal. However, many financial experts encourage people to save at least 20% of their take-home pay.
What is the 50 20 30 rule?
The 50/30/20 budget rule is a formula to help people manage their finances. It says that, of your take-home pay, 50% should go towards basic living expenses (the needs in your life); 30% should go to spending (the wants in life); and 20% should go towards saving for the future (including debt repayment beyond the bare minimum).
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.
SoFi members with direct deposit can earn up to 4.50% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. There is no minimum direct deposit amount required to qualify for the 4.50% APY for savings. Members without direct deposit will earn up to 1.20% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 8/2/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
SoFi Invest® The information provided is not meant to provide investment or financial advice. Also, past performance is no guarantee of future results. Investment decisions should be based on an individual’s specific financial needs, goals, and risk profile. SoFi can’t guarantee future financial performance. Advisory services offered through SoFi Wealth, LLC. SoFi Securities, LLC, member FINRA / SIPC . SoFi Invest refers to the three investment and trading platforms operated by Social Finance, Inc. and its affiliates (described below). Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of the platforms below. 1) Automated Investing—The Automated Investing platform is owned by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC registered investment advisor (“Sofi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC, an affiliated SEC registered broker dealer and member FINRA/SIPC, (“Sofi Securities).
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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform. Information related to lending products contained herein should not be construed as an offer or prequalification for any loan product offered by SoFi Bank, N.A.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Do you ever have trouble keeping up with when bills are due and paying them on time? Welcome to the club. It can be a challenge for many busy people, but paying bills on time is important. Doing so helps you dodge those pricey late fees and maintain your credit score.
For many people, a solution to this challenge is to set up automatic bill payments. This can be done through an automatic payment system, usually referred to as “autopay.” This means that, without needing to remember any dates, write any checks, or click on any payment links, your recurring bills are seamlessly taken care of.
This can be a game-changer that helps you enjoy stronger financial management status and less money stress. But it might not be right for everyone. As with most financial tools, there are pros and cons to using autopay.
So what is autopay? And how do you set it up? Learn the answers to these questions, along with the pros and cons of autopay, so you can determine whether to consider using this option.
What Is Autopay?
What many people call “autopay” is a scheduled, regular transfer of money, usually monthly. These payments are generally transferred from the payer’s bank account (or credit card) to a vendor, or what is known as a payee.
When you link an account to a particular bill or vendor, autopay usually works over an electronic payment system called ACH.
Autopay is typically set up in one of two ways.
• The first is through the company receiving the payment.
• The second is through a bank’s online bill-pay portal.
When you link an account to a particular bill or vendor, autopay usually works over an electronic payment system called Automated Clearing House (ACH). Sometimes automatic payments are referred to as “ACH payments” instead of autopay. If you were to use your credit card, the recurring payment would simply show up as a charge on your card. 💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure online banking app.
How Does Autopay Work?
Here’s a closer look at how autopay works. When autopay is set up, you are authorizing debits to occur on a regular basis. You will not be responsible for sending the funds. Some people may see this, however, as not being in control of their money.
When autopay is set up, either the payee is authorized to deduct funds from your bank account or your bank will send the funds for you.
You do need to pay attention to when your funds are whisked out of your account. If you aren’t on top of your finances, you could wind up in overdraft and getting assessed overdraft or NSF fees, plus late charges.
Autopay vs. Scheduled Payments
You may hear the terms autopay and scheduled payments used interchangeably but they are actually quite different.
• Autopay means that payments have been set up in advance to happen regularly on a certain date. You establish the date and the frequency and then don’t need to do anything else to transfer the funds on a recurring basis.
• With a scheduled payment, however, you are manually setting when you want a payment to be made and for how much. You can do this regularly, of course, but it requires more effort on your part to transfer funds.
Autopay vs. Bill Pay
Here’s another situation in which you may hear two terms (autopay and bill pay) used interchangeably. There is a slight difference, however.
Bill pay refers to the process in which your bank initiates payments from your account to the payee. In other words, the payee is not authorized to go in and deduct the money; your bank is instead providing this service.
Setting Up Autopay
Here is some more detail on setting up autopay so you can have your bills taken care of more easily.
1. Looking at Vendor Requirements
You can think of autopay as either pushing money from your account to the vendor, or the vendor pulling money from your account.
Many vendors require you to set up autopay through their website, so your first step may be to look into their requirements. If you are currently receiving a paper bill, they often include instructions on where you can go online to set up autopay — looking there is a good place to start.
For example, if you have a $1,800 monthly mortgage payment, you may be able to provide your mortgage company with your checking account information (such as your bank account number and routing number). They can pull the money for payment automatically. This is the “pull” version of automated payments as the vendor is pulling the money out.
2. Choosing the Day Your Payment Is Made
You generally get to choose the day that the payment is made — you could consider doing this a few days before the bill is due. This should give the automated payment time to move through the ACH system, including when the due date lands on a weekend.
Also, you’ll likely want to be cognizant that you aren’t setting up any automatic payments until you’re sure that any necessary deposits are made. For example, if you need your paycheck to cash before making a rent payment, making sure to give your paycheck at least a few days to settle in your account may be the pragmatic choice. Or you could see if the payee is willing to move your bill’s due date slightly to better accommodate your needs.
Setting Up ACH Payments
Another potential option is to set up an ACH transfer through your bank; this is the bill pay option mentioned above. Doing this typically requires logging onto your bank account’s website and navigating to the bill pay section.
If you go through your bank, you may need to provide them with the information for the vendor, such as the account number and mailing address. You can usually find this information on your bill or monthly statements.
Using the same example as above, you would enter the information for your mortgage lender into your bank’s bill pay portal. Similarly, the money would be sent via ACH on the date you’ve picked to send the money to the vendor.
You may want to consider selecting a date a few days prior to the due date to avoid a late payment. This is the “push” method of automated payments as you are pushing the money out of your account to the vendor.
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Pros and Cons of Autopay
Autopay can be a wonderful tool for many people looking to simplify their finances. But it won’t be for everyone. Here’s a look at some of the pros and cons of using autopay.
Pros of Autopay
Consider these upsides of autopay:
Convenience: Gone are the days of sitting down to write a check for every last outstanding bill. In fact, these days you don’t even need to log into a computer every time a bill comes due. With autopay, you can pay all or most of your bills without lifting a finger.
This means no more having to log online to pay bills while you’re on vacation or busy with work or family. There is something beautiful about the convenience of the “set it and forget it” method to financial management, if you can make it work.
Improving Your Finances: We don’t need to tell you that it is a smart idea to pay your bills on time.
Not only can autopay help you to avoid frustrating late fees, but taking care of your bills right away may help you to avoid agonizing or allowing it to take up precious room on your to-do list.
Paying your bills on time may help your credit score.
Also, paying your bills on time may positively impact your credit score. Currently, debt payment history is the single biggest factor in terms of determining your score. It makes up 35% of a FICO®️ Score.
That means that paying debt-related bills, such as a mortgage, car loan, or credit card bill, on time, could potentially positively impact your FICO®️ Score.
Learning Good Behavior: If you can take the philosophy behind automatically paying your bills and apply it to your savings strategy, this may help your overall financial success. Just as you can automate the payment of your bills, you can automate your savings to retirement and other savings accounts.
If you don’t automatically set money aside, it can be far too easy to spend the money that lands in your checking account. Warren Buffett famously recommended that people “spend what is left after saving, do not save what is left after spending.”
Other ways to use automatic payments? Pay down debt aggressively or save for your future (even beyond a 401(k) if you have one). In either of these scenarios, you could simply set up an automatic transfer of funds as you would with autopay, but direct the funds toward your financial goal.
That way, the money is whisked from your checking account before you’ve even had the chance to consider spending it.
Potentially Saving Money: Vendors and service providers want to get paid on time. Therefore, some vendors or service providers offer a discount for customers that set up autopay, which could save you money.
For example, you may receive an interest rate discount if you set up autopay for a loan. Other vendors may provide a discount on their product or service if you use autopay.
Recommended: Understanding ACH Transfer Limits
Cons of AutoPay
Now, for the potential downsides:
Possible Overdraft Fees: If there isn’t enough money in your account to cover a bill, an ill-timed automatic payment could cause your account to overdraft. According to the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation), overdraft fees can average $35 a pop, depending on your bank.
You’d need to be especially careful if you leverage multiple checking or savings accounts with fluctuating balances or tend to keep your account balance close to zero. In the latter situation, you might benefit from keeping a cash cushion in your account.
Late Fees: Consider the transaction time when setting up your autopay in order to avoid annoying late fees. Late payment fees will vary by vendor but could be costly.
While giving yourself, for example, a four-day buffer could be a good start, it’s important to check with each vendor to determine their recommended timeline. Finally, after you’ve set up autopay, monitoring payments during the first few months to be sure they happen on time can help ease the transition.
Potentially Reinforcing Bad Habits: For some people and in some specific cases, it may not be a good idea to have your finances on autopilot. For example, those who are actively paying off credit card debt may want more control over how much they pay towards their debt each month.
There is almost always an option to autopay the “minimum payment” on a credit card, which may be tempting. There is no penalty when you pay the minimum payment, so it is certainly better than doing nothing.
But, it is much better to pay off the balance in full, if possible. When you do not pay the balance in full, the card will accrue interest, costing you money over time.
If you aren’t at a place where you can pay off the entire balance quite yet, you may want to try and set your autopay for an amount that’s more than the minimum payment so you can make progress on the balance. (And you may want to try to stop using your card in the meantime if this is the case.) If this won’t work for you, you may want to remain in manual control of payments.
Paying for Things You Don’t Need: Subscription services are sneaky. Amounts may seem small and you hardly notice them on a monthly basis, but they can wreak havoc on your annual budget. It is too easy to forget that you are paying for something, especially when you don’t use the service.
If you take advantage of the perks of autopay, don’t forget to reassess your subscriptions every few months to determine whether you actually need the thing you’re paying for. One example: You might not realize how much entertainment you are signed up for, and could save money on streaming services by dropping a platform or two.
Potentially Less Monitoring of Your Accounts: One issue with using autopay could be that you develop a sense of false security that your personal finances are running just fine. You might not check in with your money and review your spending as often as you might. This could have a negative impact. How often should you monitor your checking account? For many people, a couple or a few times a week is a good pace. 💡 Quick Tip: Most savings accounts only earn a fraction of a percentage in interest. Not at SoFi. Our high-yield savings account can help you make meaningful progress towards your financial goals.
Should You Use Autopay?
The digital age can be confusing and overwhelming, but this is one case where it may help to simplify our lives. Managing money can be a tedious task, and paying bills is just one part of it.
By streamlining the bills portion, you may find that using autopay gives you more freedom to focus your attention on other financial goals.
That said, autopay won’t be right for everyone and in every circumstance. For example, autopay might not be a great idea for those who haven’t organized their bills and tend to overdraft their accounts. It may not make sense for someone who is between jobs or out of work.
Autopay could potentially be difficult to manage for freelancers or other workers with variable income throughout the month. Ideally, a person would have some cash buffer for bills in any of these scenarios, but that is not the way it always works out in the real world. 💡 Quick Tip: When you overdraft your checking account, you’ll likely pay a non-sufficient fund fee of, say, $35. Look into linking a savings account to your checking account as a backup to avoid that, or shop around for a bank that doesn’t charge you for overdrafting.
The Takeaway
Autopay can be a convenient way to get your bills taken care of with less time, energy, and stress. However, in some cases, it can have its downsides, so it’s wise to know the pros and cons and continue to monitor your money carefully if you do sign up for autopay.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
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FAQ
What should you not put on autopay?
It can be wise not to put bills that fluctuate on autopay. You are less likely to wind up with an overdraft situation that way. For instance, if your energy bill is usually $100 a month but goes up to double that during the winter or summer, that might throw off your personal finances if you autopay your bills.
When should I set up autopay?
It can be wise to set up autopay when you are familiar with your finances and cash flow and feel confident that automating your payments won’t lead to an overdraft situation. You might also consider signing up if there is a bonus or perk for you, such as a discount or a lower interest rate.
Why do people not use autopay?
Some people do not feel comfortable with autopay; they would rather be in control of making payments individually and maintaining that control over their finances. Also, some people may have bills that fluctuate considerably and they may therefore prefer to pay manually to avoid overdrafting.
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A 2009 AP/AOL survey, Debt Stress in the United States, found that American adults are experiencing significantly more debt-related stress than reported four years ago when a similar survey was conducted.
The survey also found that those with high stress levels were likely to experience health problems, including headaches, back pain, muscle tension, depression, anxiety, ulcers, and heart problems.
It seems that a high level of debt-related stress can damage more than your credit score; it also poses serious threats to your health.
The Health Costs of Debt Stress
According to the survey findings, one in five respondents with moderately high or high levels of debt stress experienced incidents of mental and physical health deterioration. The survey also found that highly debt-stressed people were:
More than 13 times as likely than low- to no-stress people to lose sleep at night
More than seven times as likely to have severe anxiety
Almost seven times as likely to take stress out on others
Nearly six times as likely to experience severe depression
Four times as likely to have ulcers or other digestive problems
Twice as likely to have heart problems and migraines
Money doesn’t necessarily lead to happiness, but managing it poorly can certainly lead to unhappiness. Although this study focused on debt stress, a 2009 poll found that money in general is the world’s greatest source of stress. Respondents cited the state of the world as their second biggest cause of stress. Health was last on the list of concerns in almost every country.
Reducing Financial Stress
So money-related stress can cause physical and mental health problems, and health is the least of our worries, according to the 2009 poll. Sounds like a recipe for disaster, but it’s understandably difficult to see the big picture when there are schedules to keep and bills to pay. What can we do?
Get a plan. If your money stress is related to debt, the first step is to get increase your emergency fund. When you start to worry, reassure yourself that you’ve got a plan in place.
Identify the negative ways you cope with financial stress. Often these are the same ways you cope with any other kind of stress, and many times the ways we deal are damaging to our health and well-being: alcohol, smoking, a bag of potato chips and a date with the remote control, gambling, becoming aggressive, avoiding social interaction, compulsive spending, chewing your fingernails, criticizing yourself for being such a hopeless idiot, etc.
Look for alternative, healthy ways to decompress. If there’s a specific bad habit you turn to when stressed, 13 steps to a better life for ways to encourage happiness and reduce stress.
I can identify with debt and money stress. I used to ignore my overall amount of debt, afraid to even add it up. Once I paid it off, I would stress out about spending money. Eventually I found a balance, but even today — debt-free and emergency fund in place — money can still cause me anxiety, like when I found out the warranty on my laptop didn’t cover everything I thought it did. A few deep breaths later, I reminded myself that it was only Stuff, and I save money every month for occasions such as these.
It’s a vicious cycle, as financial stress turns into health issues, possibly costly health issues, that in turn increase our money stress. Relationships and job performance also can suffer, creating a bigger pit of despair. It seems that no matter what stage we reach, we have to be careful to not let money stress take over our lives.
What are your biggest sources of stress? How do you deal with them?
J.D.’s note: Debt used to be my biggest source of money stress. Then it became an obsession with frugality, which led me to cross the line to cheap bastard. Now my biggest problem seems to be an obsession with income: I want more money all the time. I’m beginning to see, however, that if I relax on my drive for a higher income, I can have more of other stuff, like time with friends — and travel.