I might get a little sentimental today. This is the 20th anniversary of my — well, really our — weekly column. In addition to feeling old, I also feel grateful.
It was actually slightly more than 20 years ago that I was living in Southern California, working as a freelance writer, when an editor from the Orange County Register called. The paper was launching a monthly regional magazine targeting owners of luxury homes — think Laguna and Newport Beach — and he wanted a column that would be the antidote to potentially pretentious content.
“So,” I said, “you want a column that is not about rich homeowners and their chichi architects and their museum-quality art collections and the exquisite homes they build on the bluffs overlooking the Pacific and how the whole experience was one giant lovefest, and they had money left over?”
“Right,” he confirmed, “a reality column.”
He’d found the right writer. At that point, I had built two homes from the ground up, had the debt and cortisol levels to prove it, and had an arsenal of frustrations.
Still disbelieving, I added, “You want me to write about the tile mason with the drinking problem, the neighbors who won’t speak to you because you’ve had an outhouse and a Dumpster parked in your front yard for three months, the dogs who got so fed up with the construction they ran away in search of a rescue, and about how the remodel took three times as long, cost three times as much, and you weren’t speaking to your spouse at the end?”
“Exactly,” he said. “Sprinkle in some advice. Be the girl next door who has the same problems as everyone else but is two steps ahead, because you’ve made the mistakes and know who to call.”
Eighteen months later, my then-husband and I moved from Southern California to Colorado — just one of my many moves. And soon, I had a syndicated column. That former editor congratulated me, then ominously added: “It’s great to have a weekly column, but one day, you are going to run out of ideas.”
Until then, a dry well hadn’t been on my worry list. I flashed back to when I was in kindergarten and got in trouble for talking too much in class. I wound up in the principal’s office with my mother to discuss “the problem.” When the principal asked why I talked so much, the answer was easy. “I just have so many important things to say,” I said, which was unintentionally hilarious.
So here we are 20 years and 1,040 columns later, and I still have things to say and no shortage of topics. Because I have never been able to see where home design stops and home life begins, my columns are about both. Here’s a brief look back at some of the moments we’ve been through together:
The calamities: You were there when my two custom seven-foot sofas arrived with the upholstery fabric inside out, when the back patio in our new Colorado home fell three feet into a sink hole, and when our rescue dog on his first night with us tested our commitment on the one-day-old living room carpet. (Who gets a new dog and new carpet on the same day?)
The many moves: You were there through 10 houses and nine moves, including the move to Florida, where I had a stint as a live-in home stager and moved six times in four years.
The life changes: You were there when I sent each of my children off to college, entering some sort of self-imposed dorm-decorating contest in which I was the sole contestant. You were there through my divorce and remarriage, the loss of two parents and the gain of three grown stepchildren.
The micro and macro: Together, we’ve covered the minor (how to choose drawer knobs and tea towels) and the major (the meaning of home and belonging and how to leave a meaningful legacy.
The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight announced yesterday that it is changing the way Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must identify and report mortgage fraud in an effort to minimize the ongoing problem.
Specifically, the new policy guidance was altered to require that both companies “immediately” report “insider fraud”, which is defined as knowledge that “a board member, officer, employee, or contractor engaged by the enterprise has or may have engaged in mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud”.
The enhanced rules also require the two mortgage financiers to report any pattern of conduct or behavior that is “interpreted as mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud”.
In a statement released yesterday, OFHEO director James Lockhart noted that it was important to update the guidance of fraud reporting to help protect consumers and the government sponsored entities.
“Mortgage fraud can pose tremendous risks for consumers,” said Lockhart. “This guidance reflects the ongoing work of both OFHEO and the Enterprises in the development and improvement of mortgage fraud detection and reporting,” he added.
Per the OFHEO, the new policy guidance:
– Permits the Enterprises to designate scenarios that rise to a “pattern” of reportable cases of mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud further enhancing their reporting to OFHEO;
– Expands the immediate notification requirements to OFHEO to include situations involving insider fraud;
– Revises the time frame and format of reporting to follow the Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network requirements; and,
– Adds clarifications to the definition of mortgage fraud, which continues to be defined as any material misstatement, misrepresentation, or omission such as, but not limited to, false information contained in identification and employment documents, false mortgagee or mortgagor identity, fraudulent appraisals, theft of custodial funds, non-remitted payoff funds, misrepresentations of borrower funds, and property flipping where designed to falsely inflate property value.
Jumbo Loans
According to an OFHEO report just released, assuming Congress decides to raise the conforming loan limit, Fannie and Freddie would likely only purchase low-risk jumbo loans.
These include fixed-rate mortgages and fully amortizing mortgages, which made up only 30% of jumbo loan originations in the first half of 2007, according to the report.
If a proposed bill were to be enacted, the new conforming loan limit for Los Angeles and Orange County could range from $568,000 to $588,400, and be as high as $625,500 in the Bay area.
But the OFHEO has found a number of drawbacks to raising the conforming limit, including greater credit risk which could have a negative impact on both the GSE’s and the common borrower.
FHA loans have been making homeownership more accessible for decades. Tailored to borrowers with lower credit, the FHA makes it possible to buy a house with a credit score of just 580 and only 3.5% down.
But home buyers aren’t the only ones who can benefit. For current homeowners, an FHA refinance may let you access low rates and home equity, even without great credit.
Not sure whether you’ll qualify for a mortgage? Check out the FHA program. You might be surprised.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
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>Related: How to buy a house with $0 down: First-time home buyer
What is an FHA loan?
An FHA loan is a mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
FHA insurance protects mortgage lenders, allowing them to offer loans with low interest rates, easier credit requirements, and low down payments (starting at just 3.5%).
Thanks to their flexibility and low rates, FHA loans are especially popular with first-time home buyers, home shoppers with low or moderate incomes, and/or lower-credit home buyers.
But FHA financing isn’t limited to a certain type of buyer — anyone can apply.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
How does an FHA loan work?
The first thing to know about FHA mortgages is that the Federal Housing Administration doesn’t actually lend you the money. You get an FHA mortgage loan from an FHA-approved bank or lender, just like you would any other type of home mortgage loan.
The FHA’s role is to insure these mortgages, offering lenders protection in case borrowers can’t pay their loans back. In turn, this lets mortgage lenders offer FHA loans with lower interest rates and looser standards for qualifying.
The one catch — if you want to call it that — is that you pay for the FHA insurance that protects your mortgage lender. This is called “mortgage insurance premium” or MIP for the life of the loan or until the FHA home loan is refinanced into another type of mortgage. We go over this in detail below.
Types of FHA loans
FHA loans offer various options to meet different home buying needs. These government-backed loans are designed to make homeownership more accessible, especially for those with less-than-perfect credit scores or limited savings.
Each type of FHA loan is tailored to different financial situations and home buying needs. Here’s what you can expect.
Compare FHA loan quotes from multiple lenders. Start here
FHA mortgage loan
An FHA mortgage is ideal for first-time home buyers, requiring a minimum credit score of 580 for a 3.5% down payment. Those with credit scores between 500 and 579 can still qualify for a 10% down payment. These loans are popular due to their lenient credit score requirements and low-down payment options.
FHA rate-and-term refinance
An FHA refinance loan is suited for borrowers looking to improve their loan terms or lower interest rates, especially if their credit scores have improved since obtaining their original mortgage. It offers a way to adjust loan terms to better fit current financial situations.
FHA Streamline Refinance
For current FHA loan holders, the FHA Streamline Refinance provides an efficient way to refinance with minimal documentation and underwriting. It often results in lower interest rates and can potentially reduce mortgage insurance premiums. This option is advantageous for those who want to refinance without a complicated process.
FHA cash-out refinance
An FHA cash-out refinance allows homeowners to tap into their home equity, converting it into cash. It requires a minimum credit score of 620, and borrowers must leave at least 15% equity in their home after the refinance. It’s suitable for those needing extra funds for expenses or investments.
FHA Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
HECM is a reverse mortgage for homeowners aged 62 and older, allowing the conversion of home equity into cash. It provides financial flexibility for seniors by enabling access to their home equity without selling the home.
FHA 203(k) loan
The FHA 203(k) loan is designed for home purchases requiring renovations. It combines the cost of the home and renovation expenses into one loan. Borrowers must meet specific credit score requirements and ensure that renovations are completed within six months.
FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage
This loan type allows borrowers to include energy-efficient upgrades in their FHA loan. It’s aimed at reducing utility costs and increasing the home’s environmental friendliness, thereby potentially increasing its value.
Section 245(a) loan
The Section 245(a) program is for borrowers expecting an increase in their income. It offers a graduated payment schedule that starts low and increases over time, aligning with anticipated income growth. This loan is particularly beneficial for young professionals expecting career advancement.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan requirements
Homeownership can be a liberating experience, especially for first-time buyers. With their flexible guidelines and government backing, FHA home loans provide a welcoming path.
Understanding FHA loan requirements can make the process much easier, opening the door to a future in your ideal home.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
To be eligible for an FHA loan, applicants must adhere to specific guidelines:
The property must undergo a home appraisal by an FHA-approved appraiser.
The property must serve as the applicant’s primary residence; investment properties and second homes are not eligible.
Occupancy of the property is required within two months following the closing.
A mandatory inspection is conducted to ensure the property meets FHA’s basic standards.
There are a few more specific conditions to qualify, such as a down payment amount, mortgage insurance, credit score, loan limits, and income requirements.
FHA loan down payment requirements
FHA loans require a minimum down payment, which varies based on credit score. For credit scores of 580 and above, a minimum down payment of 3.5% is required. Borrowers with credit scores between 500 and 579 must make a 10% down payment.
FHA mortgage insurance premiums
FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is what makes the FHA program possible. Without the MIP, FHA-approved lenders would have little reason to make FHA-insured loans.
There are two kinds of MIP required for an FHA loan. One is paid as a lump sum when you close the loan, and the other is an annual premium, which becomes less expensive each year as you pay off the loan balance:
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP) = 1.75% of the loan amount for current FHA loans and refinances
Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) = 0.85% of the loan amount for most FHA loans and refinances
MIP is split into monthly payments that are included in your mortgage payment. You’ll have to pay FHA insurance for the life of the loan or if you refinance into another type of mortgage loan.
The good news is that, as a homeowner or home buyer, your FHA loan’s MIP rates have dropped. Today’s FHA MIP costs are now as much as 50 basis points (0.50%) lower per year than they were in previous years.
Also, you have ways to reduce what you’ll owe in FHA MIP.
Depending on your down payment and loan term, you can reduce the length of your mortgage insurance to 11 years instead of the entire loan.
Loan term
Original down payment
MIP duration
20, 25, 30 years
Less than 10%
Life of loan
20, 25, 30 years
More than 10%
11 years
15 years or less
Less than 10%
Life of loan
15 years or less
More than 10%
11 years
Or, you could refinance out of FHA MIP at a later date.
With FHA interest rates as competitive as they are today, refinancing could reduce your monthly mortgage payments and cancel your mortgage insurance premium if you have enough equity in the home.
Check your FHA loan rates. Start here
FHA loan credit score minimums
The minimum credit score requirement for an FHA loan is 500. However, a score of 580 or higher allows for a lower down payment. Credit scores directly impact loan terms and down payment amounts.
Debt-to-income ratio
FHA loans consider the borrower’s debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a measure of monthly debt payments against monthly income. The FHA prefers a DTI ratio of no more than 43%, though exceptions can be made for higher ratios with compensating factors.
Income and employment requirements
There is no specific income threshold for FHA loans, but borrowers must demonstrate steady employment history. Verification includes pay stubs, W-2s, tax returns, and bank statements.
FHA loan limits
Loan limits for FHA loans vary by county. However, starting January 1, 2024, the new FHA loan limit will be $498,257 for a single-family home in most parts of the country. Limits increase for 2-, 3-, and 4-unit properties.
FHA loan rates
Interest rates for FHA loans are competitive and can vary based on factors such as prevailing market rates, borrower’s credit score, income, loan amount, down payment, and DTI ratio. Government backing often enables lenders to offer lower rates compared to conventional mortgages.
Compare your FHA loan rates from multiple lenders. Start here
Today’s rates for a 30-year, fixed-rate FHA loan start at % (% APR), according to The Mortgage Reports’ daily rate survey.
Thanks to their government backing, FHA loan rates are competitive even for lower-credit borrowers. But interest rates can vary a lot from one lender to the next, so be sure to shop around for your best offer.
FHA loan benefits
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
1. Lower down payment: Just 3.5 %
For today’s home buyers, there are only a few mortgage options that allow for down payments of 5% or less. The FHA loan is one of them.
With an FHA mortgage, you can make a down payment as small as 3.5% of the home’s purchase price. This helps home buyers who don’t have a lot of money saved up for a down payment along with home buyers who would rather save money for moving costs, emergency funds, or other needs.
2. FHA allows 100% gift funds for the down payment and closing costs
The FHA is generous with respect to using gifts for a down payment. Very few loan programs will allow your entire down payment for a home to come from a gift. The FHA will.
Via the FHA, your entire 3.5% down payment can be a gift from parents or another family member, an employer, an approved charitable group, or a government homebuyer program.
If you’re using a down payment gift, though, you’ll need to follow the process for gifting and receiving funds.
3. FHA loans allow higher debt-to-income ratios
FHA loans also allow higher debt-to-income ratios.
Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is calculated by comparing two things: your debt payments and your before-tax income.
For instance, if you earn $5,000 a month and your debt payment total is $2,000, your DTI is 40%.
Officially, FHA maximum DTIs are as follows.
31% of gross income for housing costs
43% of gross income for housing costs plus other monthly obligations like credit cards, student loans, auto loans, etc.
However, a 43% DTI is actually on the low end for most FHA borrowers. And FHA will allow DTI ratios as high as 50%. Although to get approved at such a high ratio, you’ll likely need one or more compensating factors — for instance, a great credit score, significant cash savings, or a down payment exceeding the minimum.
In any case, FHA is more lenient in this area than other mortgage loan options.
Most conventional mortgage programs — those offered by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — only allow debt-to-income ratios between 36% and 43%.
With down payments of less than 25%, for example, Fannie Mae lets you go to 43% DTI for FICOs of 700 or higher. But most people don’t get conventional loans with debt ratios that high.
4. FHA loans accept lower credit scores
Officially, the minimum credit scores required for FHA mortgage loans are:
580 or higher with a 3.5% down payment
500-579 with a 10% down payment
High credit scores are great if you have them. But past credit history mistakes take a while to repair.
FHA loans can help you get into a home without waiting a year or more for your good credit to reach the “excellent” level. Other loan programs are not so forgiving when it comes to your credit rating.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the agencies that set rules for conventional loans) say they accept FICOs as low as 620. But in reality, some lenders impose higher minimum credit scores.
5. FHA even permits applicants with no credit scores
What if an applicant has never had a credit account? Their credit report is, essentially, blank.
FHA borrowers with no credit scores may also qualify for a mortgage. In fact, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) prohibits FHA lenders from denying an application based solely on a borrower’s lack of credit history.
The FHA allows borrowers to build non-traditional credit as an alternative to a standard credit history. This can be a huge advantage to someone who’s never had credit scores due to a lack of borrowing or credit card usage in the past.
Borrowers can use payment histories on items such as utility bills, cell phone bills, car insurance bills, and apartment rent to build non-traditional credit.
“Not all lenders who are FHA approved offer these types of loans, so check with your loan officer individually,” cautions Meyer.
6. FHA loans can be up to $ in most of the U.S.
Most mortgage programs limit their loan sizes, and many of these limits are tied to local housing prices.
FHA mortgage limits are set by county or MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area), and range from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country.
Limits are higher in Alaska, Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, and also for duplexes, triplexes, and four-plexes.
7. FHA also allows extended loan sizes
As another FHA benefit, FHA loan limits can be extended where home prices are more expensive. This lets buyers finance their home using FHA even though home prices have skyrocketed in certain high-cost areas.
In Orange County, California, for example, or New York City, the FHA will insure up to $ for a mortgage on a single-family home.
For 2-unit, 3-unit and 4-unit homes, FHA loan limits are even higher — ranging up to $.
If your area’s FHA’s loan limits are too low for the property you’re buying, you’ll likely need a conventional or jumbo loan.
8. If you have an FHA loan, you can lower your rate with an FHA Streamline Refinance
Another advantage for FHA-backed homeowners is access to the FHA Streamline Refinance.
The FHA Streamline Refinance is an exclusive FHA program that offers homeowners one of the simplest, quickest, and most affordable paths to refinancing.
An FHA Streamline Refinance requires no credit score checks, no income verifications, and home appraisals are waived completely.
In addition, via the FHA Streamline Refinance, homeowners with a mortgage pre-dating June 2009 get access to reduced FHA mortgage insurance rates.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan disadvantages
What is the downside to an FHA loan? Among the numerous benefits of FHA loans, there are certain disadvantages that potential borrowers should be aware of. These drawbacks can impact the overall cost and flexibility of the loan.
Here are the downsides that you should know about FHA home loans.
FHA loan mortgage insurance premiums
One of the primary drawbacks of FHA loans is the mandatory mortgage insurance premiums. These include an upfront premium at closing, generally 1.75% of the loan amount, and ongoing monthly payments. This additional cost can make FHA loans more expensive over the long term
Loan limits
One notable limitation of FHA loans is the lower loan limits compared to conventional loans, which can be restrictive for higher-income buyers. The FHA mortgage limit for a one-unit property ranges from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country, which may not be sufficient in areas with higher property values.
Strict property requirements
FHA loans come with stringent property requirements. The purchased home must be the borrower’s primary residence and must meet specific safety and condition standards. This requirement can limit the types of properties that qualify for an FHA loan.
FHA loan alternatives
Alternative loans, like USDA and VA loans, offer distinct advantages, such as no down payment requirements, but come with specific eligibility criteria. Understanding these alternatives ensures you make a well-informed decision about the type of mortgage that’s right for you.
Conventional 97
The Conventional 97 program comes with a down payment requirement of just 3%. It stands out due to the absence of income limits and mandatory home buyer education, making it accessible to a broader range of homebuyers.
Check your conventional loan eligibility. Start here
HomeReady Mortgage by Fannie Mae
The HomeReady mortgage program is designed for low- to moderate-income families, allowing a home purchase with only a 3% down payment. Furthermore, this program permits the entire downpayment and closing costs to be covered by gifts or grants, offering significant financial flexibility.
Freddie Mac Home Possible
The Home Possible loan is notable for its reduced mortgage insurance costs compared to other similar programs. With a 3% down payment requirement and lower ongoing costs, Home Possible is an attractive alternative for those looking to save on mortgage insurance.
USDA loans
USDA loans, backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are an attractive alternative, especially for moderate-income buyers in rural areas. They don’t require a down payment, which is a significant advantage. However, eligibility for USDA loans is restricted based on income and geographical limits, and not every property qualifies for this type of financing.
VA loans
VA loans are another viable alternative, particularly for U.S. military service members, veterans, and certain surviving spouses. Like USDA loans, VA loans also require no down payment. However, eligibility for VA loans is exclusive to the military community, limiting their accessibility to the general public.
FAQ: FHA loans
Can I choose between a fixed rate and an adjustable-rate FHA loan?
Yes, FHA loans offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate (ARM) options. A fixed-rate FHA loan provides a consistent interest rate and monthly payment for the life of the loan, ideal for those who prefer stability. An adjustable-rate FHA loan, on the other hand, has an interest rate that can change over time, typically offering lower initial rates.
Do FHA loans have lower interest rates?
FHA loans often have lower interest rates compared to many conventional loan options. This is largely due to the government backing of FHA loans, which reduces the risk for lenders. As a result, lenders are generally able to offer more competitive mortgage rates to borrowers. However, the actual interest rate you’ll receive on an FHA loan can vary based on several factors, including your credit score, loan amount, and the current market conditions. It’s always a good idea to compare rates from multiple lenders to ensure you’re getting the best deal possible for your situation.
Are FHA loans assumable?
Yes. A little-known FHA benefit is that the agency will allow a home buyer to assume the existing FHA mortgage on a home being purchased. The buyer must still qualify for the mortgage with its existing terms but, in a rising mortgage rate environment, it can be attractive to assume a home seller’s loan. Five years from now, for example, a buyer of an FHA-insured home could inherit a seller’s sub-3 percent mortgage rate. This can make it easier to sell the home in the future.
Can you buy a rental property with an FHA loan?
While you can’t buy a true rental property with an FHA loan, you can buy a multi-unit property — a duplex, triplex, or fourplex — live in one of the units, and rent out the others. The rent from the other units can partially, or even fully, offset your mortgage payment.
Are closing costs higher for FHA loans?
Closing costs are about the same for FHA and conventional loans with a couple of exceptions. First, the appraiser’s fee for an FHA loan tends to be about $50 higher. Also, if you choose to pay your upfront MIP in cash (instead of including this 1.75% fee in your loan amount), this one-time fee will be added to your closing costs. Additionally, the fee can be rolled into your loan amount.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
Most borrowers will need a minimum credit score of 580 to get an FHA loan. However, home buyers who can put at least 10% down are eligible to qualify with a 500 score. Yet, each lender may have their own credit score minimums, separate to those established by the Federal Housing Administration.
What is the loan-to-value ratio requirement for FHA loans?
The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for FHA loans typically cannot exceed 96.5%, meaning you can borrow up to 96.5% of your home’s value. This high LTV ratio is part of what makes FHA loans accessible, especially for first-time homebuyers who might not have substantial savings for a down payment.
How does PMI work with FHA loans?
For FHA loans, the equivalent of private mortgage insurance (PMI) is the mortgage insurance premium (MIP). MIP is required for all FHA loans, regardless of the down payment or loan-to-value ratio. This insurance protects lenders from losses in case of borrower defaults and is included in both upfront and ongoing mortgage costs.
What happens if I default on an FHA loan?
If you default on an FHA loan, the lender can initiate foreclosure proceedings. The FHA loan program, backed by the Federal Housing Administration, is designed to minimize the risk of defaults by offering more lenient qualification criteria. However, consistent failure to make mortgage payments may lead to foreclosure, impacting your credit score and homeownership status.
Today’s FHA loan rates
Now is an opportune time to consider an FHA loan, with current mortgage rates being historically competitive.
FHA loan interest rates are typically among the most competitive. To capitalize on these favorable rates, start by comparing offers from FHA-approved lenders.
Finding the most affordable loan could be just a few clicks away. Begin your journey towards homeownership today by exploring your options and discovering the best rates available for your financial situation.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
“America’s Finest City” has a price-point, and amenities, that live up to its nickname.
The eighth-most populous city in America, San Diego typically ranks around the same for the cost of living compared to other major cities in the country. Overall, San Diego’s cost of living comes in at 44 percent above the national average.
While that may seem steep, it’s important to realize that within this expensive city, there are plenty of pockets where the cost of living is more affordable. San Diego residents may already know where to look, but it’s something you can calculate, too. It’s all about understanding the price, and whether your expenses are still affordable in the city.
Below, we break down the five factors affecting the cost of living in San Diego to help you discover if “America’s Finest City” is a fit for you.
1. Housing costs and utilities in San Diego
Housing in San Diego doesn’t come cheap. In fact, the uninitiated may experience sticker shock at first glance when it comes to home prices.
Overall, housing costs are a whopping 115.6 percent higher than the national average. This is only slightly below the housing costs in Los Angeles and Orange County, and considerably higher than most California cities.
The average rent for a one-bedroom apartment in San Diego is about $2,887 per month, which is a 1 percent decrease in cost over last year. A two-bedroom is around $3,788 per month on average, a 1 percent increase over last year. Those prices fluctuate depending on the neighborhood and amenities.
If you’re looking to buy a home, the median price in San Diego is $930,000. Home prices are up 3 percent over last year. Most homes in San Diego sell within days, so if you have the means, you need to act fast.
To better understand how housing costs in San Diego compare to the rest of California, the average cost for a two-bedroom apartment in San Francisco is $4,939, over $1,151 more. The average home price in Los Angeles is $975,000, $45,000 more. The San Diego cost of housing may feel high, but it’s definitely not the highest in the state.
Apartment hunting around San Diego County
Although San Diego is an expensive city, prices vary greatly based on the neighborhoods you decide to check out. The difference in living expenses between a more expensive San Diego spot, and the least expensive, is pretty significant.
Trendy North Park, with its vibrant restaurant and nightlife scene, is an expensive neighborhood in the city, with one-bed rental prices at $2,300 per month on average. But, rest assured, there are plenty of areas offering apartments for a fraction of that price.
Case in point, City Heights, located inland and to the east of many better-known San Diego communities, offers one-bed apartments for an average rent of $1,700. Areas like Colina del Sol and Paradise Hills are also on the more affordable side, with one-bed rents averaging the same at $1,650 a month.
Utilities in San Diego
San Diego is known for its beautiful weather. Average temperatures hover around 76 degrees Fahrenheit for most of the year, but you’ll still feel some seasonal change, lots of rain and the occasional cold front.
If you live inland, summer days are scorchers, leading locals to crank up that air conditioning. On the flip side, some nights in the winter get really cold. As a result, a person could pay a hefty price for AC and heat.
Taking this into account, overall utility costs are 13 percent higher than the national average. This is an actually a increase over last year, where this particular piece of the cost of living in San Diego was 10 percent above the national average. Inflation has contributed to this number for every state.
2. Food costs and goods and services in San Diego
San Diego is famous for its diverse culinary scene. Whether you’re more inclined to try a pasta dish in Little Italy, some chile rellenos at an authentic Mexican restaurant in Old Town or fish tacos, a local favorite, you can find a deal on a meal just about anywhere. However, when it comes to casual dining, meals average out to around $25 per person.
Of course, most people don’t eat out all the time. With dozens of quality supermarkets and plenty of neighborhood farmer’s markets, meal planning and finding a deal on food is easy.
Keep in mind that groceries in San Diego run 10 percent higher than the national average. You’ll pay extra for certain staples like milk ($2.17 for a half-gallon), eggs ($4.85 for a dozen), bread ($3.63 for a 24-ounce loaf) and ground beef ($8.08 per pound).
Commodities and entertainment costs
As you tally up expenses in your cost of living calculator, don’t forget to budget for goods and services. This includes all the extras on your monthly expense sheet that you could live without, but really don’t want to deny yourself.
This category includes things like a session at a yoga studio ($24), movie tickets ($12.5 each), dry cleaning ($24) and a trip to the beauty salon ($80).
Overall, goods and services in San Diego cost 10 percent more than the national average, a slight dip of less than one percent over last year.
3. Transportation costs in San Diego
One of the many luxuries about life in San Diego is that the freeways are much calmer than those of Los Angeles. Traffic is tame during most hours of the day, although it gets a bit congested around common commute times. Still, transportation expenses are slightly higher than those in Los Angeles and 30.4 percent higher than the national average.
For any person who decides to use a car to get around the city, be prepared to pay to park. Parking can range from as little as $7 to as much as $32 based on parking type and whether you need to keep your car there overnight.
For those who choose to forgo driving altogether, San Diego offers an accessible public transportation system. The San Diego Metropolitan Transit System provides bus and trolley services across San Diego County, including a dedicated line for the University of California, San Diego.
Bus and trolley fares are the same. One way will cost $2.50, but you can purchase a day pass for $6 or a monthly pass for $72. Family weekends allow you to save a little on transportation. Up to two children, 12 and under, can ride free with a fare-paying adult.
If you just want to get around and enjoy life outside, San Diego’s layout makes it ideal for walking — it’s also convenient for bike enthusiasts. The city has a walk score of 53 and a bike score of 43.
4. Healthcare costs in San Diego
Healthcare is a primary concern in most people’s minds, and in San Diego, you can expect to pay slightly more in this category — about 7.2 percent above the national average. This is a slight dip in overall costs from last year.
Prices now are about 1.4 percent less. It’s also not the highest-priced city in the state by far. Los Angeles and most major cities in Northern California are higher than San Diego’s cost of living for healthcare.
A visit to a doctor will cost you about $145, while a dental checkup will run you around $120. You can also expect to pay a bit more for medications. For example, the median price for a bottle of Ibuprofen is about $13. When you factor in the maintenance appointments you’ll need each year, and your list of prescriptions, the price can add up.
Calculating average healthcare costs for everyone is difficult. Everybody has different needs for their body and healthcare routines vary drastically. As a result, you should consider your typical healthcare routines when creating your cost of living budget, factoring in your medicine regimens and insurance coverage.
5. Taxes in San Diego
Since taxes vary by location, it’s easy to get confused when it comes time to budget accordingly. Sales tax in San Diego is 7.75 percent. However, neighboring cities, where you may go shopping, can vary.
Live in San Diego, but prefer to shop in Oceanside? You’ll pay 8.25 percent in sales tax.
How much do I need to earn to live in San Diego?
Earlier, we discussed the fact that the housing piece to your cost of living in San Diego is quite a bit more than in other locations.
Experts generally recommend you allocate at least 30 percent of your annual income to rent, which means you should know the average salary that aligns with the average rent.
If a one-bedroom in San Diego is $2,879 per month, you’d need a job that pays at least $115,160 per year. You may have to consider a roommate or some creative living situation, given that the median annual income in San Diego is $89,457.
Although lower than what you’d need to pay the average rent, it’s not impossible to live comfortably. Our rent calculator can show you exactly how much you can afford and help you target specific areas within your budget.
Living in San Diego
San Diego is a wonderful place to live if you love warm beaches, temperate climates, great food and a lively club scene. It’s no wonder 35 million people visit each year and some of them end up living in San Diego after their vacation.
Whether those people choose to plant roots depends a lot on budget. What can you afford?
The Cost of Living Index comes from coli.org.
The rent information included in this summary is based on a calculation of multifamily rental property inventory on Rent. as of August 2023.
Rent prices are for illustrative purposes only. This information does not constitute a pricing guarantee or financial advice related to the rental market.
The housing and rental markets in Orlando reflect the ever-changing landscape of living in this popular city known for its massive tourist attractions, many pristine lakes and an undeniably strong economy. The following insights, derived from Rent. and Redfin, provide a comprehensive view of the Orlando housing market for anyone interested in entering the scene.
Rental market in Orlando
The rental market in Orlando has seen significant fluctuations. As of 2023, the average rent for apartments in Orlando ranges between $1,669 and $2,060, with studio apartments averaging $1,717. The rates vary for one-bedroom and two-bedroom apartments, standing at $1,669 and $2,060, respectively. In nearby areas like Celebration and Kissimmee, the average rent for one-bedroom apartments is around $1,594 and $1,595.
Housing market in Orlando
The housing market in Orlando is notably active and competitive. Houses often receive multiple offers, with many selling for around 3% above the list price. The median sale price for homes in Orlando is approximately $327,500, marking a 14.9% increase from the previous year. This rapid pace indicates a strong demand, with homes selling in about 12 days on average.
Market impacts
Understanding the interplay between the rental and housing markets in Orlando is crucial for a comprehensive analysis of the city’s real estate dynamics. These markets influence each other in several ways.
Impacts of the rental market on the housing market
Investment attraction: A strong rental market in Orlando creates an attractive opportunity for real estate investors. High demand for rentals, coupled with rising rent prices, makes purchasing properties for rental purposes appealing. This can lead to increased competition in the housing market, potentially driving up home prices.
Housing supply and demand: As rental prices rise, some renters may consider purchasing homes, either to escape escalating rents or as an investment opportunity. This shift can increase demand in the housing market, particularly for more affordable homes, potentially leading to price increases.
Market sentiment: The strength of the rental market can be a barometer for the overall health of the real estate market. A strong rental market often indicates strong demand for housing in general, reflecting positively on the housing market.
Impacts of the housing market on the rental market
Homeownership affordability: As home prices rise, homeownership may become less affordable for a segment of the population. This can lead to increased demand for rental properties, as those priced out of buying may have no alternative but to rent.
Rental supply: When the housing market is booming, and home prices are high, investors might be more inclined to sell their properties rather than rent them out, potentially reducing the supply of rental homes and driving up rental prices.
Economic factors: The state of the housing market is often tied to broader economic conditions. For instance, a booming housing market might reflect a strong local economy, which can attract more people to Orlando, increasing demand for rental properties.
Neighborhood-specific dynamics
The interaction between the rental and housing markets can vary significantly across different neighborhoods in Orlando. Factors like proximity to major employment centers, schools, tourist attractions and transportation infrastructure can distinctly influence the supply and demand dynamics in both markets.
Tourist areas: In neighborhoods close to Orlando’s many tourist attractions, short-term rentals might be more prevalent, affecting both the availability and pricing of longer-term rentals and residential properties.
Suburban vs. urban areas: Suburban areas might see different trends compared to urban areas. For example, families might prefer suburban neighborhoods for homeownership, while urban areas might have a higher demand for rental properties due to a younger demographic or proximity to employment centers.
The rental and housing markets in Orlando are interdependent, with changes in one often impacting the other. Neighborhood-specific factors further complicate this relationship, making localized market analysis essential for understanding real estate trends in Orlando.
Cost of living considerations
Food costs: Grocery expenses in Orlando are slightly above the national average by 3.2%. The average monthly grocery spending in Florida ranges between $266 and $300.
Utility costs: Orlando’s utility costs are 4.7% below the national average. The city’s humid subtropical climate necessitates continuous air conditioning, especially in summer. The estimated monthly energy costs are around $151.74.
Transportation: Orlando’s transportation costs are 4.6% above the national average. The city is not very walkable, with a Walk Score of 35, necessitating reliance on cars. Public transportation options include the LYNX Bus Service, with affordable fares and passes.
Taxation
Florida has no state income tax, with a sales tax rate of 6%. In Orlando, an additional 0.5% is added for Orange County, bringing the combined sales tax rate to 6.5%.
Earning requirements
To comfortably afford the average rent in Orlando, an annual income of about $71,160 is suggested, based on the convention that rent should not exceed 30% of income. However, variations in rent across different neighborhoods offer flexibility for different income levels.
Orlando’s housing market
Orlando’s housing market is dynamic and competitive, reflecting the city’s appeal and growing economy. Orlando’s rental market, while varied, requires a significant income to comfortably afford the average rent prices.
Overall, Orlando continues to be an attractive location with a strong housing market, offering a range of options for residents with diverse financial capabilities. If you’re ready to settle down in a sweet place in Orlando, you’ve come to the right place.
Ameer Katifi wasn’t content to be a top loan officer for an established mortgage provider.
He wanted to strike out on his own, to start a new company and “build a legacy for myself.”
And he wanted his business to be like a family, where everyone gets treated how they want to be treated, with state-of-the-art technology in a supportive environment.
So in January, the 31-year-old Irvine native launched Trusted Mortgage Capital, a mortgage brokerage and loan origination business in Laguna Hills.
Depending on how you look at it, he either had lousy timing or is getting in on the ground floor of the next boom.
On the one hand, soaring interest rates throttled the mortgage business, causing home loan volume to plunge 71% in the first half of 2023 from the 2021 peak. But on the other hand, a wave of mortgage layoffs created a large pool of unemployed talent for Trusted Mortgage to tap.
“It’s all about the mindset you have going on. Even though the business went down by 70%, there’s still a lot of business out there,” said Katifi, Trusted Mortgage’s chief executive.
“In this type of environment, it’s really you building out your engine and sharpening your skill to be the best you’ve ever been,” he said. “And the best time to grow is when it’s slow. Once it’s busy, once the rates are low again, then it will be really hard to capture good talent.”
Trusted Mortgage Capital already scored big in one arena. Even though it’s just a year old, it ranked No. 1 in the small business category of the Orange County Register’s Top Workplaces program.
The selection is based on employee survey responses rating the company.
In one response, an anonymous employee said he or she loves the job because “of the potential to grow.”
The 40-employee company already is licensed to work in 17 states. As of October, license applications were pending in five others.
The firm is both a lender — originating its own home loans to borrowers — and a mortgage broker, acting like a matchmaker connecting customers to other lenders.
During the first 10 months of the year, Trusted Mortgage already had issued 81 loans totaling almost $30 million. That doesn’t include income from the mortgage brokerage side of the business.
Katifi said his company was on track to become profitable by the end of 2023.
The firm has just seven salaried employees and at least 19 loan officers who work on commission. Of those, three to five earn both a salary and commission.
The remaining 14 loan officers are independent contractors, depending solely on commissions. And the company is looking to hire more.
Half of the company’s 6,100-square-foot office is for future growth. The other half, with about 30 cubicles, is festooned with motivational posters, with slogans like, “The only time SUCCESS comes before WORK is in the dictionary.”
Liz Meza, Trusted Mortgage’s compliance manager, said loan officers can earn $3,500 to $50,000 a month.
What makes Trusted Mortgage unique, however, is the free package of services the company provides its loan officers, including marketing, loan processing, technology and lead generation.
“A lot of mortgage lenders and a lot of mortgage brokers have the independent model, which means you have to provide your own marketing, pay for your own processing, pay for everything yourself,” Katifi said. “The difference about us is we provide all that for our branch managers (and) our loan officers … so they don’t need any money out of pocket to be able to work as a mortgage loan originator.”
Katifi said Trusted Mortgage is big on marketing and big on training. New employees start out as junior loan officers, working under the tutelage of a senior loan officer for six months.
They get a week of training at the United Wholesale Mortgage’s headquarters in Pontiac, Mich., and the company gets them licensed.
There are weekly sales and training meetings as well.
“I’m constantly adapting to changes in the industry. I’m constantly updating our approach on how they should approach the clients,” Katifi said. “And just creating a fun environment where people want to come to the office where they don’t watch the clock.”
The company provides lunch every Friday, stages potlucks and celebrates all the major holidays. There are awards ceremonies recognizing the top producers.
The big question is how long can a new company hang on during one of the slowest housing markets on record.
Katifi feels confident that loan volume will pick up as soon as mortgage rates start to subside. A lot of borrowers have high-interest home equity loans. Once rates moderate, they will want to refinance, combining those second mortgages with their firsts.
“We’re not going anywhere,” Katifi said. “Diamonds form under pressure. We’ve got the marketing down. We’ve got the operations down. … There’s still people (who are) going to be buying and selling homes, having to move and needing to get second mortgages for some unexpected expenses.
“So we are here for a long time.”
Trusted Mortgage Capital
Founded: 2022
Headquarters: Laguna Hills
Industry: credit and finance
OC employees: 40
Website: trustedmortgagecapital.com/
Quote: “In this type of environment, it’s really you building out your engine and sharpening your skill to be the best you’ve ever been.” — Ameer Katifi, CEO of Trusted Mortgage Capital
To the native Wintu people it was Bohem Puyuik, the “Big Rise,” and no wonder. Mt. Shasta towered above everything else, her loins delivering the natural springs and snowmelt that birthed a great river.
The Sacramento River provided such an abundance of food that the Wintu and many neighboring tribes — the Pit River, Yana, Nomlaki and others — had little to fight over. They thrived in pre-colonial times, on waters that ran silver with salmon, forests thick with game and oaks heavy with acorns.
But centuries of disease, virtual enslavement and murder wrought by European and American invaders scrambled the harmony that once reigned along the Upper Sacramento River.
Today, three tribes here are locked in a bloodless war. At issue is a proposal by one Indigenous group to expand and relocate its casino and whether the flashy new gambling hall, hotel and entertainment center would honor — or desecrate — the past.
The casino envisioned by the Redding Rancheria and its 422 members would rise nine stories on 232 acresalong Interstate 5. The rancheria — home to descendants from three historic tribes — began planning the development nearly two decades ago, envisioning a regional magnet for tourists and gamblers.
But the proposal has been buffeted by influential opponents, including the city of Redding, neighborhood groups and the billionaire next door — who happens to be the largest private landowner in America. The naysayers list a cavalcade of complaints against the new Win-River casino complex, saying it would despoil prime farmland, exacerbate traffic, increase police and fire protection costs and threaten native fish in the Sacramento River.
Those complaints have helped stall, but not kill, the project, whose fate rests almost solely in the hands of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C. And now the BIA’s obscure bureaucrats have been confronted with an explosive new charge from two neighboring tribes: that construction of the casino would desecrate what the tribes say should be hallowed ground — the site of an 1846 rampage by the U.S. Cavalry that historians say probably killed hundreds of Native people.
The Sacramento River massacre has not received the attention of other atrocities of America’s westward expansion, such as the one in 1890 at Wounded Knee, S.D., where U.S. troops killed as many as 300 Lakota people. Estimates of the carnage, recorded over the decades from witness accounts and oral tradition, range from 150 to 1,000 men, women and children slaughtered along the banks of the Sacramento River.
If the higher estimates of the death toll are correct, it would rank as one of the largest single mass killings of Indigenous people in American history.
“In my heart, I find it hard to believe that there are Wintu people that are willing to build a casino on … the blood-soaked dirt of the massacre site,” Gary Rickard, chair of the Wintu Tribe of Northern California, told a state Assembly committee in August. “There are dozens of other places along the I-5 corridor and the Sacramento River.”
Redding Rancheria Chair Jack Potter Jr., himself part Wintu, called the claim that his tribe would build its casino on the massacre grounds “a slander that will not be easily forgotten.” He told state lawmakers that the real massacre site is miles away. Rancheria leaders said their opponents have manufactured the controversy for a less honorable reason: to block what would be a sparkling new competitor.
“Gaming in Indian country can be a tide that raises all of our canoes,” insisted Potter, who appeared at times to fight back tears as he spoke at the Sacramento hearing. “We should not battle against one another, in that spirit.”
Column One
A showcase for compelling storytelling from the Los Angeles Times.
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Friendships that go back decades and tribal ties of a century or more have been imperiled by the casino furor. Native people normally aligned against a hostile or indifferent U.S. government — “We’re all the children of genocide,” as one elder put it — have watched sadly as their conflicts turn inward.
It’s a dynamic that has played out before. Robbed of their ancestral lands, tribes now sometimes fight when one tries to claim new territory, often as a base for a lucrative modern endeavor: gambling.
The friction is exacerbated by the peculiar history of the Redding Rancheria — and by opponents’ eleventh-hour invocation of the Sacramento River massacre, 19 years after the rancheria began to assemble parcels for the project.
The Redding Rancheria refers to a nearly 31-acre stretch of land near the south end of Redding that the federal government bought in 1922 for “homeless Indians” who came to the area as seasonal workers for ranches and orchards. The rancheria sits in a relatively obscure location compared with the interstate-adjacent site of the proposed casino, more than three miles by car to the northeast.
In 1939, the Wintu, Pit River, Yana and other Indigenous peoples formed a rancheria government. It was recognized by the United States. But in 1958, an act of Congress “terminated” recognition of multiple California groups, including the Redding Rancheria, in an attempt to force Indians to disperse into the general population. It took a landmark 1983 court settlement to formally restore recognition of 17 rancherias, including the one in Redding.
The result is that there are Redding Rancheria members with Wintu blood, like Potter, 52, who firmly support the casino, while other Wintu descendants who are not descended from the original rancheria families, like Rickard, 78, adamantly oppose it. Rickard grew up with Jack Potter Sr. and has known his son since he was a boy.
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Cordiality prevails, at least outwardly, when Rickard and Potter meet today. But the bad blood between their groups has become fierce, exacerbated by the yawning wealth disparity between the rancheria and the Northern Wintu.
Rancheria members have thrived largely because of the success of their existing Win-River Resort & Casino, which operates 550 slot machines, a dozen table games, an 84-room hotel and an RV park.
The complex is the biggest income producer for the rancheria, which also owns a Hilton Garden Inn and a marijuana dispensary in Shasta County. Sources familiar with the tribe said each enrolled member receives a monthly “per capita” payment of at least $4,000 and perhaps as high as $6,000.
The rancheria’s chief executive, Pitt River descendant Tracy Edwards, 54, declined to discuss the amount of the payments.
That income, along with health clinics and other benefits, makes the Redding Rancheria members the envy of Indigenous groups with comparatively paltry assets. Rickard’s Northern Wintu claims roughly 560 certified members, but like many groups across America, the tribe has been laboring for years and still has not received formal recognition from the U.S. government. That means the tribe can’t put land into trust, a prerequisite to casino development and also a shield against federal, state and local taxes.
“We don’t have the resources in order to obtain the things we need,” said Shawna Garcia, the Northern Wintu’s cultural resources administrator. “We don’t have the revenue to assist our members with things like college, housing and other assistance.”
Historians and ethnographers say the Wintu were the predominant tribe around the site proposed for the casino complex, an expanse of meadow and scrubland that locals dub the Strawberry Fields because of its agricultural history. And Rickard questioned why the “pure-blood Wintu people” he represents have been left to struggle, while the rancheria — representing an amalgamation of tribal groups — stands poised to create an even bigger cash cow with its new casino.
Rancheria leaders like Edwards, a UC Davis-trained lawyer, have emphasized how the tribal group has supported Native and non-Native people, both as one of the largest employers in Shasta County and through its charitable foundation.
In just one year, 2018, the rancheria said it gave more than $1.2 million to community organizations, helping serve the homeless and victims of the Carr fire. During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rancheria donated $5,000 each to 60 businesses struggling to stay afloat.
At a cost of $150 million, the rancheria’s new casino would feature 1,200 slot machines — more than double the number at its current casino — and with 250 rooms, the new casino hotel would be more than triple the size of the existing hotel. The tribal group has pledged to close its current Win-River casino when the new one opens.
The rancheria’s outsized community presence has created substantial goodwill around Redding, but a portion of residents have stepped forward — via petitions and ballot measures — to express disdain for large developments they feel could harm the rural character of their community.
Among the more powerful opponents is Archie Aldis “Red” Emmerson, president of logging giant Sierra Pacific Industries, whose sprawling estate looms along the Sacramento River, just south of the casino site.
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In 2020, an Emmerson-allied company purchased property from the city of Redding that included a portion of a road that would be the north entry to the casino site and created an easement that would have barred access to the rancheria land for all but agricultural purposes. The easement effectively would have thwarted the casino by blocking vehicle access to the development.
But in 2022, a Shasta County Superior Court judge voided the deal, saying that in selling the land (for just $3,000 to the billionaire) the city had violated its “own processes, procedures and the relevant law.” The ruling nullified the easement, preserving the rancheria’s unrestricted access to the property.
The Redding City Council and neighboring homeowners have maintained their opposition to the project for years, while a new conservative majority on the Shasta County Board of Supervisors recently reversed the county’s earlier objections. The supervisors supported the casino, despite admonitions from the sheriff, fire chief and county counsel that the agreement with the rancheria did not provide sufficient compensation to cover the increased costs of serving the big development.
The rancheria agreed to make one-time payments totaling $3.6 million to support Shasta County, the Sheriff’s Department and fire and emergency services. That initial infusion would be supplemented by recurring payments: $1,000 for each police service call and $10,000 for each fire/emergency service call.
No issue has unsettled intra-tribal relations, though, like the debate flowing out of the terrible events along the Sacramento River 177 years ago.
Oral histories of the Wintu and neighboring tribes recall how Native families and elders had gathered along the river known as the Big Water each year in early April for the spring salmon run. Traditionally, the season signaled rebirth.
But Capt. John C. Fremont had other ideas.
Fremont diverted his men from their ordered assignment: completing land surveys in the Rocky Mountains. The Americans instead went adventuring to California, where, in the spring of 1846, they responded to sketchy claims from settlers that they were endangered.
About 70 buckskin-clad white men set upon the Native people, the locals far outgunned by the invaders, each toting a Hawken rifle, two pistols and a butcher knife, according to UCLA historian Benjamin Madley‘s detailed account of the massacre.
The horsemen completed their grisly work with such evident pride that legendary frontiersman Kit Carson later bragged that the coordinated assault had been “a perfect butchery.”
The massacre marked the beginning of “a transitional period between the Hispanic tradition of assimilating and exploiting Indigenous peoples and the Anglo-American pattern of killing or removing them,” according to Madley’s “An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe.”
Fremont (later a U.S. senator from California and a Republican presidential candidate) would say that his party attacked the natives because of reports of an “imminent attack” upon settlers. But the “battle” was one-sided, with the federal troops suffering no known casualties. Afterward, according to Madley’s account, Fremont’s men feasted on the Native people’s larder of fresh salmon.
In the nearly two centuries since, the tragedy would be more forgotten than remembered. There is no historical marker around Redding noting the event.
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The Wintu people believed to have been the principal victims have preserved memories of the mass killing in their oral history. But no ceremony marks the atrocity. And at the Wintu cultural resource center in Shasta Lake City, a wall-size timeline of the group’s history makes no mention of the 1846 bloodshed.
There’s also the now-pressing question — pushed to the fore by the casino feud — about precisely where the massacre occurred. The Northern Wintu and another outspoken opponent, the Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians, insist that the Strawberry Fields property was a key location in the atrocity.
The Paskenta commissioned a study by a retired anthropologist from Cal State Sacramento that drew on research from the late 1800s by a linguist from the Smithsonian Institution who, in turn, got much of his information from a Wintu elder who survived the massacre. The report, by Dorothea Theodoratus and a colleague, said that the “center” of the massacre was “opposite the mouth of Clear Creek” in the Sacramento River, a point roughly two miles south of the proposed casino location.
But other accounts from participants and witnesses said Fremont’s soldiers chased down victims after the initial assault, leaving the exact range of the bloodshed unknown. The Theodoratus report says that six villages, including two on the proposed casino property, were so thoroughly intermingled that all “would have had some direct involvement with that massacre.”
Andrew Alejandre, chair of the Paskenta Band, told the Assembly Governmental Organization Committee in August that his tribe is seeking to have the state and federal governments designate the Strawberry Fields a sacred site, off-limits to development. Alejandre, 35, said his tribe vehemently opposes building a casino “on top of men, women, children and elders. The spirit of these ancestors … Let them rest!”
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In rebuttal, Potter and rancheria CEO Edwards note that during the many years that they and others have pursued developments in the region, the rival tribes never mentioned the massacre. Divisive fights over a proposed auto mall and a sports complex (both scrapped) came and went without any discussion about desecration of a mass grave site.
“I would never disrespect the remains of my ancestors,” Potter said.
Fifty miles south of Redding in rural Corning, the 288-member Paskenta Band opened the Rolling Hills Casino and Resort two decades ago. The luxe gaming hall is just one part of an economic surge by the tribe, which has also opened an equestrian complex, an 18–hole golf course, a 1,400-acre gun and hunting center and a 3,000-person amphitheater, where Snoop Dogg performed in May.
Potter charged that the fight over the historic massacre is really a ploy by the flourishing Paskenta to squelch the Redding Rancheria’s hopes for a shimmering destination casino “because of the mistaken belief that it … will cut into the profits of their gaming facilities.”
Paskenta’s Alejandre, a designer who once ran a clothing company, denied that is the case.
While representatives for the Paskenta and Northern Wintu tribes bashed the casino proposal at the August hearing, representatives of at least eightother California tribes argued in support of the Redding Rancheria. One said the Redding group had proved itself a good steward of cultural resources.
Another speaker at the hearing was Miranda Edwards, the 28-year-old daughter of the rancheria CEO. The Stanford-educated Edwards and her mother spoke about the importance of moving the tribal group forward for the “Seventh Generation,” future descendants whose livelihoods must be planned for today.
“We work hard every day to provide for this rural community and make it the best that we can for everyone that lives there,” Miranda Edwards told legislators. “It’s disheartening to hear from those that choose not to see that. But it will not stop our work.”
Potter, the rancheria’s chairman, had a sardonic take on the dispute.
“We always talk about crabs in a pot,” Potter said. “We are like all these crabs, stuck in a pot. When one tries to get out of the pot, all the others reach up and pull him back in.”
Will arguments about the Sacramento River massacre sway the final outcome of the Redding Rancheria’s casino quest? A BIA spokesman said only that “these issues are under review.” Nearly two centuries after representatives of the U.S. military decimated a civilization here, the federal government still retains ultimate authority over the fate of Native people.
Watch L.A. Times Today at 7 p.m. on Spectrum News 1 on Channel 1 or live stream on the Spectrum News App. Palos Verdes Peninsula and Orange County viewers can watch on Cox Systems on channel 99.
“I threw my phone from the roof, and it broke. I guess airplane mode wasn’t working.” Plenty of folks will be traveling soon. Here’s some trivia for tomorrow at the dinner table! (One wonders if residential lending is heading in this direction) … But there are only 12 passenger airlines in the United States. That’s up from 10 just a few years ago but down from about 80 airlines at the peak industry in the 1980s due to a series of bankruptcies and mergers. Four of those companies (Delta, United, American, and Southwest) control 80 percent of the market, with the remaining 20 percent being low-budget airlines that are increasingly struggling. The average airline fare has declined 13 percent over the past year, and that’s been causing issues for the companies that specialize in lower fares, as many of their customers are now seeing the big guys as more accessible than before. (Today’s podcast can be found here, sponsored by Candor. Candor’s patented automated underwriting decision engine, CogniTech, is a state-of-the-art, 100 percent machine platform that can handle infinite loan scenarios. Hear an interview with the STRATMOR Group’s Garth Graham on M&A activity in 2023 and trends in the space heading into 2024.)
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Miscellaneous Wholesaler, Correspondent, and MI News
Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions announced the release of its new DSRC Loan Calculator, providing borrowers with a quick and straightforward tool to estimate whether or not a property’s expected cash flows are sufficient to repay the mortgage loan. In tandem with Angel Oak’s DSCR Loan program, the DSCR Loan Calculator helps you show borrowers what their monthly fixed payment or monthly interest only payment would be depending on the option they seek.
Fifth Third Correspondent Lending News 2023-7-11.13.23 discusses Final Document Reminders, and Fannie Mae Products 2-4 Unit LTV.
PRMG Product Update 23-52 clarifies information on Expanded Access including multiple Financed Properties requirements for Pime and Plus connect, prepay is no longer allowed in KY and LA. Also, due to prepay not being allowed in KY, Investor Premier is no longer eligible in KY. Updates to Choice Products Profile and/or Expanded Guidelines which includes revisions to investment properties standard prepay penalty amount and increased maximum interested party contributions. Revised guidelines for Short Term Rental income. Updates to Product Profile and/or Expanded Guidelines on Choice Stretched Prime and Choice Non-Prime, Choice DSCR, and Closed End Second Products.
Reach more clients with loan programs that allow Manufactured Homes. LoanStream Mortgage knows the complexity of financing these types of homes and can help your borrowers attain a mortgage by offering a variety of loan solutions to fit their needs. Loan Programs allowing Purchase & Refinance Manufactured Homes include Conventional – Fannie Mae FNMA, RefiNow, FHA, VA, MaxONE. The following are not allowed on these programs: Non-QM / NanQ, Conventional – Freddie Mac – FHLMC, USDA, and Jumbo ONE.
Did you know that borrowers can turn cash-only properties into their dream homes with a renovation loan? When homes don’t meet the minimum property requirements (MPR), Plaza Home Mortgage® has the solution. Renovation loans can help elevate homes to meet MPR standards, and the improvements can even take place after the closing process. What’s more, qualified borrowers can be approved based on the future value of the improved property, making this option accessible to even first-time homebuyers. Renovation is becoming an increasingly popular strategy in today’s high-cost, tight inventory housing environment. Plaza Home Mortgage® makes it easy to capture more business in this growing lending segment. We offer multiple renovation loan options and have a department of dedicated renovation specialists to walk you through every step.
An ADU, or Accessory Dwelling Unit, is defined as an additional unit on a residential lot in addition to the main house (or main multi-family building). Recently in Los Angeles County, Orange County and California as a whole, new laws SB9 & SB10 and guidelines regarding ADU’s have been modified to allow for more ADU construction as a way to help solve the CA Housing shortage. The newer laws allow for much higher density in transit rich areas or urban infill areas. Visit 17th Street Capital for Lending Criteria & Guidelines.
The availability of 2-1 Seller Paid Buydown options with CalHFA programs from Kind Lending. This new option will be offered on both CalHFA Conforming & CalHFA FHA 1st loans: the Seller or Agent may provide buydown funds, subject to the standard IPC limits, Lender paid buydowns are not offered. Buydowns are allowed for conforming and high balance loan amounts. The borrower is qualified at the note rate fully amortized (not the buydown rate).
National MI announced updates and clarifications regarding underwriting changes to support affordable housing initiatives, effective November 18, 2023. View National MI Announcement Bulletin: UW 2023-04, and Servicing Guide for details. Additionally, National MI posted a Rescission Relief Guide in alignment with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac retirement of Covid-19 forbearance requirements for all forbearance evaluations with an evaluation date on or after November 1, 2023, including evaluations for new forbearance plans and evaluations for extensions to existing Covid-19 forbearance plans.
Arch MI noted, “In response to Fannie Mae’s recent Desktop Underwriter Release Notes expanding LTV ratios for 2- to 4-unit properties and to further support affordable housing, Arch MI reminds our customers that our EZ DecisioningSM Program allows 2 to 4 units at a maximum 95% LTV ratio as follows…” (See the bulletin for full details.)
Radian MI revised its Eligibility Matrices to include One Underwrite (AUS) to reduce the minimum FICO from 700 to 620 for 3-4 unit properties.
MGIC reminded clients of the tools that can help turn renters into first time home buyers.
Capital Markets
Markets largely shrugged off the release of Fed minutes from the November meeting yesterday as old news with no surprises. Minutes showed that policymakers see room for additional tightening if incoming data shows insufficient progress toward slowing inflation, but they would also like to see more evidence to suggest that inflation is slowing toward the central bank’s target. Yes, the markets are pricing in rate cuts as early as March of 2024, but the markets and the Fed have been on different pages for most of the post-pandemic economy. Higher-for-longer rates have created a frozen U.S. housing market as homeowners are reluctant to sell and buyers are squeezed. The U.S. 30-year fixed mortgage rate has risen 460 basis points over the past three years.
Existing home sales fell 4.1 percent in October to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 3.79 million, according to the National Association of Realtors. That is the slowest pace of sales since August 2010. Sales were down 14.6 percent from one year ago, though the median home price rose 3.4 percent to $391,800, the fourth consecutive month of year-over-year price increases. Sales continue to be hurt by persistent lack of housing inventory, high prices, and the highest mortgage rates in a generation. The inventory of unsold existing homes grew 1.8 percent from the previous month to the equivalent of 3.6 months’ supply at the current monthly sales pace. Multiple offers are still occurring, especially on starter and mid-priced homes, even as price concessions are happening in the upper end of the market.
As U.S. bond yields continue to fall, mortgage applications increased 3.0 percent from one week earlier, the third straight increase according to MBA. That kicked off today’s economic calendar, and was followed by October durable goods orders (soggy), and weekly jobless claims (209k, down from 231k, better than expected). Later today brings final November Michigan sentiment, Treasury announcing the auction sizes for next week’s 2-, 5-, and 7-year notes, and Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey. Unlike Friday, today is not an early close, but it is likely to trade like one. We begin the last full session of the week with Thanksgiving looming tomorrow and an early close on Friday with Agency MBS prices better .125-.250 and the 10-year yielding 4.38 after closing yesterday at 4.42 percent.
Employment and Transitions
“It is with great pleasure that GHMC TPO announces the latest addition to our esteemed sales team: Mr. Tom Carroll. Tom assumes the role of National Account Executive, overseeing our Midwest region. We are excited about Tom joining our team and eagerly anticipate the opportunity for you to benefit firsthand from his experience and exemplary customer service. Furthermore, GHMC TPO has successfully completed the transition into the First Colony Mortgage family. We are on a mission to be the first choice of loan officers nationwide by offering consistent competitive pricing, superior service, and best in class technology. Check us out here or email Rex Hagood.”
“SWBC Mortgage fosters an environment where our Loan Officers can thrive and continue to provide exceptional service to their clients and partners, even during tough times. One of the most successful ways our team has stayed connected and engaged this year is by hosting educational workshops across the country. One in particular features Blake Hastings, SVP Corporate Strategy & Chief Economist at SWBC. As keynote speaker of 12 workshops, he has covered local and national economic analysis and provided dynamic forecasts for the coming months. Support is more important now than ever before. Because SWBC Mortgage has the right resources available to our teams, we are able to navigate challenges with resilience, while continuing to grow in a down market. To learn more about career opportunities at SWBC Mortgage contact Scott Brown, EVP of Retail Sales or visit us here.”
Movement Mortgage is helping builders and buyers navigate the high-rate environment with its new Lock It & List It program. Designed for new home builders, the program allows builders to lock in and buy down an interest rate today, PLUS pay up to the maximum amount of seller contributions toward closing costs. With Lock It & List It, builders can attract new buyers with competitive interest rates and closing cost savings, give buyers rate confidence with one free float down, and meet many buyers’ needs as the program is available for 30-year conventional, VA and FHA loans. By empowering builders to enhance home affordability and attract a broader pool of buyers, Movement is revolutionizing how builders navigate the complexities of today’s real estate landscape. Learn more here and contact Movement today to get locked in!
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The scorched remains of a World War II blimp hangar in Tustin are being razed as air quality officials call nearby asbestos levels “below any level of concern” while continuing to urge neighbors to take safety precautions.
The enormous wooden military relic went up in flames Nov. 7, showering ash and debris — later found to contain asbestos — on nearby residential neighborhoods.
The 17-story hangar smoldered for more than a week, and residents have struggled to get information about the fallout on air quality and airborne contaminants, including when debris will be removed from their properties. While the property is owned by the Navy, a mix of government agencies have been involved in the firefight and aftermath, including the Orange County Fire Authority and the South Coast Air Quality Management District.
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“Our biggest frustration overall is that there’s just nobody in charge,” nearby resident Jeff Lawrence told The Times.
Deconstruction of the hangar should be completed in the next day or two, Tustin officials said Saturday. Plans call for extinguishing all remaining hotspots of the fire, using heavy equipment excavators to remove debris and clearing roadways so water trucks can reach all areas of the hanger.
The trucks equipped with nozzles and hoses will be used for fire suppression and dust abatement throughout the process. The hangar doors and their supporting concrete pillars will be stabilized and left in place for the time being.
“Since monitoring began, all particulate matter from smoke and fire data at community sites are well below any level of concern,” the city said in a statement. “Asbestos sampling data received to date are also well below any levels of concern.”
Most schools in the area have been cleared for on-campus instruction attendance, but a few are still being inspected by asbestos consultants, the Tustin Unified School District said on its website Sunday.
Most public parks are open, but Centennial Park and Veterans Sports Park remain closed until further notice, parks officials said.
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The Orange County Healthcare Agency recommends people who believe their neighborhood has been affected by fire debris take such precautions as keeping doors and windows closed and not running air conditioning systems that draw in outside air. Avoid activities that will displace debris related to the fire, such as sweeping, leaf blowing, mowing and gardening.
Blocks of the city where bulk debris from the fire has been collected are shown a map on the city website.
Times staff writer Hannah Fry contributed to this report
A cadre of Silicon Valley elites is drawing fierce criticism from local residents and environmentalists for planning a new city on the outskirts of the Bay Area, a project dubbed “California Forever.” But the effort should be applauded for revealing a truth about California’s failed housing policies.
This group of California’s most influential wants to build one or more new towns on the urban fringes, having spent about $900 million to buy an area roughly twice the size of San Francisco some 60 miles east of the city. The project breaks with the philosophy of the state’s housing policy, which has long been focused on urban densification.
Despite the state’s efforts to encourage residential development, California’s housing markets remain among the least affordable in the country. The homeownership rate is near the nation’s lowest. To afford a house at the median price today in Southern California, a family needs an annual income of $180,000, twice the region’s median.
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Some housing advocates insist that the solution is to force growth into existing neighborhoods. Yet the state’s supposedly pro-development new housing laws have yet to produce more homes at a scale sufficient to address the affordability crisis, and recent data suggest an accelerating decline in housing production.
Over the last five years, California has consistently lagged in construction not just of single-family housing but of multifamily housing as well. Not one California metropolitan area was among the top 50 in housing growth last year; Texas had six areas on that list, Florida 11. Los Angeles, the state’s dominant metropolitan area, didn’t crack the top 200.
Clearly we need a new approach that is more aligned with market demands. A recent report by London Moeder, a San Diego real estate consultancy, noted that California regulations make it difficult to build the kinds of housing people are looking for, particularly multi-bedroom homes that can accommodate families.
Research by Jessica Trounstine at UC Merced similarly found that “preferences for single-family development are ubiquitous. Across every demographic subgroup analyzed, respondents preferred single-family home developments by a wide margin. Relative to single-family homes, apartments are viewed as decreasing property values, increasing crime rates, lowering school quality, increasing traffic and decreasing desirability.”
Opposition to densification of existing neighborhoods remains staunch in many cities, with some threatening a voter initiative to restore municipal control of zoning.
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California’s focus on increasing density in urban areas is also at odds with the national shift toward remote work and retail and office growth in more suburban, lower-density areas.
A sensible California housing policy would respond to these trends and consumer desires, much as the Bay Area project promises to do. This does not mean we will need sprawling growth.
California’s population is dropping and is not expected to increase in the next four decades, which alters projections of future housing needs. The solution lies in strategic growth. Rather than force growth in places that are declining in population and resistant to development, including Los Angeles County and San Francisco, the state needs to look at the parts of California that are growing, places such as Riverside and Yolo counties.
To encourage growth where it’s happening naturally, the state could create a “Housing Opportunity Area” comprising the Central Valley and Inland Empire, subject to more liberal rules than the coast. Land costs are far lower in the interior of the state than in metropolitan Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego and San José. Policies that support inland development could help stem the outbound migration of Californians.
The rise of remote work means development away from urban centers is far more plausible and less environmentally toxic than in the past. Indeed, the International Energy Agency suggests that if everybody able to work from home worldwide were to do so just one day a week, it would save around 1% of global oil consumption for road transport per year. That would prevent 24 million metric tons of annual carbon dioxide pollution, equivalent to the bulk of greater London’s emissions. And roughly 40% of California’s jobs, including 70% of its higher-paying ones, could be done at home, according to research by the California Center for Jobs and the Economy.
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Equally promising, many new suburbs are being designed in consciously more sustainable ways, as MIT professor Alan Berger suggests. Sophisticated systems for controlling energy and water use can make suburban and exurban communities more environmentally responsible. Another promising innovation is broader use of manufactured housing, which has the potential to speed construction by as much as 50%, according to a 2019 McKinsey & Co. report. A single-family subdivision is under construction by 3-D printer in suburban Austin.
There are still opportunities for innovative housing production in dense urban cores such as downtown San Francisco and Manhattan. New York Mayor Eric Adams is seeking to quickly add 20,000 housing units through office building conversions. He has also proposed a larger program to convert more than 130 million square feet of office space to residential use, though he needs state legislation to reach that goal.
More such promising opportunities may lie in old, underused retail spaces in both cities and suburbs, which have the advantage of simple floor plans, ample parking and presence across metropolitan California. A recently announced plan to replace Buena Park’s vacant Sears building with 1,100 housing units could represent one piece of our housing future. Flagging malls in Orange County and throughout California provide similar possibilities.
Such developments are critical to our increasingly diverse middle and working class. Older, overwhelmingly white Californians have achieved high rates of homeownership, but the rates among millennials, African Americans and Latinos are well below the national average.
If they don’t leave the state entirely, younger generations will tend to continue to migrate outward in search of affordable suburbs. The majority of people of color in California live in suburbs, accounting for virtually all suburban growth over the past decade. Communities could be built in the exurbs and beyond for senior citizens, too, helping to produce new housing opportunities for young families near job centers. The outer suburbs and exurbs are the future homes of most Californians.
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We have the land for such a new vision. While other populous states have devoted as much as a third of their land to urban development, California’s developed lands constitute only 6% of the state. A “7% solution” to the California housing crisis would free up 1 million more acres to build the new communities that we largely stopped building around 2000, when we had 5 million fewer people.
Relying on billionaires to build new cities in the hinterlands isn’t a generally sustainable answer to California’s housing crisis. But the California Forever project does rightly suggest that our solutions must build on the state’s penchant for innovation, capitalism and a distinctly suburban lifestyle.
Joel Kotkin is the presidential fellow in urban futures at Chapman University. Wendell Cox is the principal of Demographia, a public policy consulting firm.