Buying a home can be exciting, exhausting and, no matter how smoothly the process may go, one of the most stressful things you can do in life. Not having enough money to adequately finance a purchase makes it all the more daunting. Fortunately, there are first-time homebuyer programs available in every state, making it easier for many people to access the resources they need to buy their new home, and to feel more secure through the whole process.
Keep in mind that first-time homebuyers don’t actually have to be buying their first home. A first-time homebuyer is defined as anyone who hasn’t had an ownership interest in a primary home in the past three years.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) also includes in its list of qualified homebuyers:
• A single parent who has only owned a home with a partner while married
• A displaced homemaker who has only owned a home with a spouse
• Someone who has owned a principal residence not permanently affixed to a permanent foundation
• Someone who has only owned a property that wasn’t in compliance with state, local, or model building codes
Here are the homebuyer programs that qualified first-time buyers have available to them in the Northeast:
Maine
Thinking of buying a home in the land of lobster and lighthouses? You’ll want to learn about the market and assess your financial situation before you start searching for a home mortgage loan. (A guide to the different types of mortgage loans can help.)
The scoop on the Main market: Prices in the Pine Tree State were up 5.7% in February 2024 when compared to the prior year, with homes selling for a median of $360,200, according to Redfin. The three most competitive cities for homebuyers were Standish, South Berwich, and Gray.
💡 Learn about Maine first-time homebuyer programs
New Hampshire
The housing market in the Granite State is hot. From February 2023 to February 2024, home prices rose 12.5% to an average sale price of $447,400, according to Redfin. And 41.8% of the homes sold above their list price. Still, there are good opportunities for the first-time buyer in the state, and there are first-time homebuyer assistance programs to help you reach your homeowning goal.
💡 Learn about New Hampshire first-time homebuyer programs
Vermont
The Green Mountain State is paradise for outdoorsy types with forests, lakes, and mountains. No wonder then that the housing market has heated up: The number of homes sold increased 14.2% between February 2023 and 2024. Prices were up 6.5% as well, according to Redfin.
Homebuyers may need help to afford a home with the median price here hitting $361,300. Fortunately, the state has several programs to offer.
💡 Learn about Vermont first-time homebuyer programs
Massachusetts
Glorious New England scenery, a rich history, and diverse cultural and educational opportunities are just some of the things Massachusetts has to offer residents. It’s no wonder that home prices here outpace the national average, or that they are rising. Prices in Massachusetts were up 9.9% in the year ending February 2024, Redfin reports. The median sale price in the state is now $576,900.
At the same time, the median number of days a home stays on the market has dropped by 5 year-over-year, an indicator that the market is warming. Still, there are plenty of opportunities for the first-time homebuyer in Massachusetts.
💡 Learn about Massachusetts first-time homebuyer programs
Rhode Island
This small state is big on charm: Rhode Island’s miles of coastline offer beautiful beaches and picturesque inlets, and you’ll also find dynamic cities and rural small towns here. There’s a lot for the first-time homebuyer in Rhode Island to get excited about. But prices here are well above the national average of $342,941. The average property value is $438,711, up 8.3% year over year, according to Zillow. Wondering what a down payment would look like on a given property price? Use a mortgage down payment calculator to do the math.
💡 Learn about Rhode Island first-time homebuyer programs
Connecticut
You’re looking at a competitive market in the Constitution State: In February 2024, home prices in Connecticut were up 13.2% year-over-year. The median price of a Nutmeg State home is $375,300, according to Redfin, and the number of days a property stays on the market is declining. Fortunately you can still find affordable homes in Torrington and New Britain, among other affordable places in Connecticut.
💡 Learn about Connecticut first-time homebuyer programs
New York
The housing market in New York state can be challenging, especially for first-time buyers. Home prices in the Empire State in January 2024 were up 6.3% over the prior year, with a median sale price of $518,800. The number of days on the market dropped as well. A stunning 37% of homes sold above their listing price.
💡 Learn about New York first-time homebuyer programs
New Jersey
The Garden State saw record real estate sales in some areas in recent years as city dwellers fled to the suburbs. In the year ending February 2024, home prices in New Jersey were up 14.5% over the prior year, and the median sales price was $479,100. The median days on the market dropped 15 year-over-year to 46. Buyers in New Jersey need to prepare themselves to compete in this market.
💡 Learn about New Jersey first-time homebuyer programs
Pennsylvania
Thinking of buying a home in Pennsylvania? Prices rose 6.6% from January 2023 to January 2024, to a median of $264,700, Redfin reported. It’s a seller’s market here, so you may have to compete to get the home you want, especially in cities like New Castle (home prices were up more than 31% in a year) and Mechanicsburg (up 55.5%). Harrisburg and Lancaster ranked as some of the best affordable places to live in Pennsylvania.
💡 Learn about Pennsylvania first-time homebuyer programs
The Takeaway
Qualifying first-time homebuyers have many options available to them in the Northeast, including down payment assistance. If you’re looking to buy your first home and aren’t sure how to get started, researching homebuyer programs is a great place to start. Once you know what kind of assistance you may qualify for, it’s a good idea to estimate just how much house you can really afford using a home affordability calculator.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
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There’s no doubt that being a single mom is challenging. There’s also no doubt that qualifying for a mortgage can be difficult even under normal circumstances.
The National Association of Realtors found that single female buyers account for 9% of all home purchases. This figure is down from 20% in 2010. And the median purchase price for single female buyers was $189,000, which is the lowest of all median home purchases.
For many single mothers, trying to qualify for a mortgage with only one income can feel next to impossible. But as a parent, it’s normal to want to provide a comfortable home for your children.
And thankfully, there are loans and financial assistance programs available that can help you do just that. Let’s look at some of the best mortgage programs available for single moms.
Challenges Single Moms Face in Buying a Home
One of the most difficult challenges that many single mothers face is a lack of income. They are responsible for providing for themselves and their children on one income, and they don’t always receive child support.
It can be challenging because mortgage companies want to see that you have a certain amount of disposable income before they’re willing to lend to you. You need to prove that you can make your monthly mortgage payments, have a low debt-to-income ratio, and a strong credit history.
Plus, most lenders require down payments between 10% and 20%. Most people struggle to come up with this kind of cash, so it can be especially challenging for a single mother.
5 Home Loans for Single Moms
If you’re a single mom looking to purchase a home, there are options available to you. Listed below are the five best mortgage assistance programs for single moms.
1. Down Payment Assistance Programs
Homeownership is a dream for many, but the initial costs can sometimes stand as a formidable barrier. For aspiring homeowners facing this challenge, down payment assistance programs act as a financial bridge, easing the burden of upfront expenses. Offered across various states and localities, these programs are crafted to cater to differing financial situations.
Lifting financial barriers: The highlight of these programs is their primary purpose – reducing the initial costs of buying a home. By either lowering or completely covering the down payment, they create a more accessible route to homeownership for many who might find it out of reach otherwise.
Local solutions for local challenges: Many states and cities have their unique down payment assistance programs designed with their residents in mind. From specific grants to interest-free loans, the types and benefits of these programs can vary widely based on the region.
Multiple options: Some programs might offer flat monetary assistance, like a set grant amount, while others could provide a percentage of the home’s price. Additionally, there might be options that assist not just with the down payment but also with closing costs.
Criteria and eligibility: Like any financial program, these assistance initiatives come with their sets of requirements. Factors like income levels, property location, and first-time homebuyer status can influence eligibility.
Your next steps: If the prospect of reduced initial costs sounds appealing, dive into research specific to your state or city. Local housing agencies and official state websites often provide comprehensive lists of available down payment assistance programs. By understanding what’s accessible in your region, you can make a more informed decision on your path to homeownership.
2. FHA Loans
FHA loans are a popular option for single parents struggling to come up with a down payment. You can apply for this type of home loan through a bank or online mortgage lender, and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guarantee the home loan.
Flexible credit requirements: One of the most significant advantages of an FHA loan is its lenient credit criteria. Even if your credit score isn’t perfect, you may still be eligible for this loan, offering a lifeline to many potential homeowners who’ve faced financial hiccups in the past.
Lower down payments: Traditional loans often demand a hefty down payment, but with an FHA loan, you can potentially secure your dream home with as little as 3.5% down. This makes the path to homeownership more feasible for individuals without vast savings.
Debt-to-income leeway: Where many conventional loans are strict about debt-to-income ratios, FHA loans often provide a bit more wiggle room, accommodating borrowers with higher debt levels.
Government assurance: With the Federal Housing Administration backing these loans, lenders often feel a heightened sense of security. As a result, borrowers can often enjoy more favorable loan terms and conditions.
Understanding the criteria: While FHA loans offer flexibility, there are still criteria to meet. This includes ensuring the property meets specific standards and falls within set loan limits. Additionally, borrowers will need to pay a mortgage insurance premium (MIP), which can add to the monthly payment. It is usually more expensive than a conventional loan, and it remains in place until you refinance or sell the property.
Getting started with an FHA loan: If the benefits of an FHA loan resonate with your situation, the next logical step is to consult with an FHA-approved lender. They’ll guide you through the process, ensuring you’re informed, prepared, and ready to make the best decision for your homeownership dreams.
3. USDA Loans
When thinking of affordable homeownership, rural areas might not be the first thing that comes to mind. Yet, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has paved a unique path to homeownership, especially in these lesser-populated regions. USDA loans stand as a testament to the government’s commitment to making homeownership accessible to a broader audience, regardless of urban or rural preferences.
Zero down payment: The standout feature of USDA loans is the possibility to finance the entire purchase price of a home. Imagine walking into your new home without the stress of a hefty upfront payment. That’s the magic of the USDA.
Flexible location choices: While the term “rural” defines the USDA’s primary target, many suburban areas also fall within their eligibility map. It’s not just about countryside homes; it’s about expanding homeownership in less densely populated areas.
Competitive interest rates: Often, USDA loans come with interest rates that are either at par or even better than conventional loans. This can translate into significant savings over the life of the mortgage.
Government guarantee: With the backing of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, lenders often extend more favorable terms to borrowers. This backing ensures lower risks for lenders and better loan conditions for aspiring homeowners.
Understanding eligibility: To be a part of the USDA’s vision, you’ll need to meet specific criteria. This includes income restrictions based on the median in your area and ensuring the property falls within the USDA’s designated zones.
Starting the USDA adventure: If the prospect of a no-down-payment home in a tranquil setting appeals to you, look into the USDA loan process. Engaging with a lender familiar with USDA loans will offer clarity and set you on a promising path toward a home that aligns with your dreams.
4. VA Loans
For those who have bravely served in our nation’s military, VA loans are the government’s way of saying thanks. Whether you’re a veteran, an active-duty service member, or the widow of someone who served, these loans offer distinct benefits tailored to recognize and support your sacrifices.
No down payment: What sets VA loans apart is the option to finance 100% of a home’s purchase price. That means you can step into homeownership without the heavy upfront cost that often deters potential buyers.
Low-interest rates: Traditionally, VA loans come with interest rates that are more competitive than many conventional loans. Over the lifespan of your mortgage, this could equate to substantial savings.
Skip the PMI: With many mortgages, if you can’t put down a certain percentage, you’re hit with the additional monthly cost of private mortgage insurance (PMI). However, with VA loans, you won’t have to factor in PMI, no matter your down payment amount.
Government assurance: With 100% backing from the government, lenders often offer more favorable terms. It’s a win-win; you get better conditions, and they get added security.
Meeting the criteria: To take advantage of a VA loan, you’ll need to meet specific service stipulations. The criteria vary based on your military service’s nature and duration. Additionally, the property you choose must meet VA standards, which entails an inspection and appraisal by a licensed professional.
If a VA loan sounds like a good fit, your next step is to consult with a VA-approved lender. They’ll walk you through the ins and outs, ensuring that you’re both eligible and fully informed.
5. HomeReady Mortgage by Fannie Mae
If you’re a single mom or a first-time homebuyer searching for a more flexible mortgage option, the HomeReady Mortgage by Fannie Mae might be just what you’re looking for. This program is designed to assist individuals, like you, in accessing affordable home financing.
Low down payment: With HomeReady, the daunting hurdle of a large down payment becomes more manageable. This program allows for down payments as low as 3%, enabling homeownership for those who might be limited by savings.
Inclusive co-borrowing: Understanding that households today come in all forms, HomeReady offers a unique feature. It permits co-borrowers who won’t be residing in the house, like a supportive relative or close friend. This flexibility can significantly enhance borrowing capacity.
Reduced PMI: While many mortgages saddle borrowers with hefty private mortgage insurance (PMI) premiums, the HomeReady program shines with its reduced rates. Over time, this can result in tangible savings.
Government-backed confidence: Fannie Mae’s backing offers lenders the assurance they need, which often translates to more favorable loan terms and conditions for borrowers.
Meeting the guidelines: Like all specialized loan programs, HomeReady comes with its specific criteria. It’s essential to understand these requirements and ensure that both the borrower and the property align with them.
Stepping into HomeReady: If the features of the HomeReady Mortgage align with your situation, the next step is to liaise with a lender experienced with Fannie Mae’s offerings. Their guidance can illuminate the home buying process, ensuring that you make an informed choice, well-suited to your housing aspirations.
Preparing for Homeownership: Key Steps for Single Moms
Taking the first step towards homeownership as a single mom can feel daunting, but with the right preparation, it becomes a more manageable process. To ensure you’re making the right choices for you and your family, consider these foundational steps:
Determine your budget: Before diving into the property market, it’s crucial to have a clear understanding of your financial standing. Assess your monthly income, expenses, and potential home-related costs. This will give you a clear picture of the mortgage payment you can afford without straining your finances. Remember, it’s not just the monthly mortgage you have to account for; consider property taxes, utilities, and potential maintenance costs too.
Search for low down payment options: Not all home loans for single moms require a hefty down payment. It’s beneficial to look for home buying programs that offer low down payment options. This can help in making homeownership more attainable without depleting your savings.
Establish a savings plan: Even if you opt for a low down payment loan, you’ll still likely need to pay some upfront costs. Establishing a dedicated savings goal can help. Consider opening a high-interest savings account where your money can grow over time, helping you reach your down payment goal faster.
Stay informed: Securing home loans for single moms can be a challenging process. Stay informed by researching and comparing different home loan options. Consider reaching out to financial advisors or housing counselors who can guide you through the home buying process.
In addition to these steps, it’s also beneficial to look into loan programs tailored for low-income borrowers. Such programs can offer favorable loan terms, grants, or even down payment assistance, making homeownership even more achievable.
See also: Best Home Loans for Low-Income Borrowers
Home Loans for Single Mothers FAQs
Can I buy a home as a single mom?
Yes, you can purchase a home as a single mom. However, it can be more difficult to qualify for traditional home loans when you are a single parent.
You may need to look into government-backed loans such as FHA loans or USDA loans, which may have more flexible qualification requirements. Alternatively, you could look into owner-financing or rent-to-own options.
What types of home loans are available for single moms?
Single moms may be eligible for several types of home loans, including FHA loans, USDA loans, VA loans, and conventional loans.
How much money can single mothers borrow when applying for a home loan?
The amount of money that single mothers can borrow when applying for a home loan depends on several factors. These include income, credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment.
Lenders will look at your income to determine how much they are willing to lend, and your credit score will determine the interest rate you receive. It is also important to have a sufficient down payment, typically at least 3-5% of the home’s value.
Additionally, lenders will want to see that your debt-to-income ratio is less than 43%, meaning that your monthly debt payments are less than 43% of your monthly income. With good credit and a sufficient down payment, single mothers may be able to borrow up to 97% of the home’s value.
What is the minimum credit score required to get a home loan for single mothers?
The minimum credit score required to get a home loan for single mothers can vary depending on the type of loan and the mortgage lender.
Generally speaking, FHA loans tend to have the lowest credit score requirements, with a minimum score of 500. This can be helpful for single mothers who may not have the best credit.
Other types of loans, such as a conventional loan, may have a minimum credit score requirement of 620 or higher. It is important to check with the lender to find out the exact credit score requirements for the type of loan you are applying for.
Are there any special programs available for single mothers looking to purchase a home?
Yes, there are several programs available across the U.S. designed to assist single mothers and low-income families in their quest for homeownership. These programs can make the home-buying process more affordable through a combination of grants, low-interest loans, down payment assistance, and more. Aside from the ones we mentioned above, here are some other notable ones:
State-specific programs: Various states offer specific programs to assist single parents or low-income individuals. For instance, states might have special housing grants for single mothers, or they may offer seminars and classes on home buying that come with financial incentives upon completion.
Habitat for Humanity: This non-profit organization helps families build and rehabilitate their homes. Single mothers can offer volunteer hours to the organization as a form of ‘down payment,’ assisting in constructing their own homes or others.
Individual Development Account (IDA): IDAs are matched savings accounts, where for every dollar saved, it gets matched by federal and non-federal funds. This can be a boon for single mothers looking to accumulate a down payment.
Section 8 Homeownership Voucher: While Section 8 is often associated with rental assistance, there’s a homeownership option that allows eligible participants to use voucher payments to make mortgage payments.
Are there any special tax benefits for single mothers who purchase a home?
Yes, there are several tax benefits available to single mothers who purchase a home, such as the mortgage interest deduction and the homeowner’s tax credit.
How can a single parent save for a house?
Set a budget and stick to it: Make sure to create a budget and stick to it. Track your income and expenses and cut out unnecessary costs.
Set realistic goals: Set realistic goals for what you can afford and how much you will need to save each month.
Automate your savings: Set up an automatic transfer from your checking account to savings each month.
Reduce interest-bearing debt: Pay off as much debt as possible.
Use tax-advantaged savings accounts: Consider using tax-advantaged savings accounts, such as an IRA or 401k, to save for a house.
Take advantage of grants and assistance programs: Research grants and assistance programs available to single parents and take advantage of any that you may qualify for.
Make extra money: Look for ways to make extra money, such as a part-time job, side hustle, freelance work, or selling items online.
Live below your means: Live below your means and make sacrifices if necessary.
Talk to a financial advisor: Speak to a financial advisor or real estate agent to get advice on the best way to save for a house.
Does child support count as income for a mortgage?
Yes, child support may be counted as income when applying for a mortgage. Lenders will usually require proof of the payments, such as a tax return or court order.
Bottom Line
None of the home buying programs outlined above are specific to single mothers. However, hopefully, you can see that it’s possible to find an affordable mortgage with a low down payment. Purchasing a home as a single mother can be challenging, but it’s also very doable. Make sure you compare your options and find the program that works best for your family.
Your first home has served you well, but now you’re ready to move on. What can you expect as a second-time homebuyer? Whether it’s been years or decades since you bought your home, you’ll find some aspects of the home buying process similar and others quite different.
With this guide, you’ll dive into the world of second-time home buying so you can feel confident taking the next step in your homeownership journey.
Defining a Second-Time Homebuyer
So, who exactly is a second-time homebuyer? A second-time homebuyer is someone who has previously owned a home and is purchasing another one. They may be moving with the desire to upsize, downsize, relocate or enhance their lifestyle. Or they may be interested in buying an investment property or vacation home.
Benefits of Being a Second-Time Homebuyer
Second-time homebuyers enjoy several advantages, including the following:
They may have a clearer understanding of the home buying process.
The sale of their current home may provide a source of down payment funds on their second home.
They may have a more established financial situation and credit history, potentially increasing their loan options.
When Are You Considered a First-Time Homebuyer Again?
It’s important to note that not all previous homeowners are considered second-time homebuyers. If you’re applying for a conventional loan, you could qualify as a first-time homebuyer if you meet the following criteria:
You have not owned a principal residence in the last 3 years.
You have not owned a home jointly as a married couple within the last 3 years (if you owned a home but your spouse hasn’t, you can still qualify).
You’re a single parent who has only owned a house with a former spouse while married.
You have only owned property prior to applying that didn’t comply with building codes.
You have only owned property that didn’t have a permanent foundation.
First-time homebuyer status could give you access to certain programs that offer closing cost aid, down payment assistance, tax benefits and other types of support.
If you currently have a Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan, you may be able to take out another FHA loan for a new primary residence.
The Mortgage Process
The mortgage process for a second-time homebuyer generally follows the same steps as a first-time homebuyer. As with your first mortgage, a lender will evaluate the following during the underwriting process:
Credit score
Liquid reserves
Available funds for down payment
Proof of income
However, if you haven’t applied for a mortgage within the last 15 years, you may notice some differences:
Depending on the loan program, the credit score requirements may be more stringent.
More documentation may be required.
There may be more rigorous underwriting practices to evaluate a borrower’s creditworthiness, financial stability and ability to repay the loan.
Much of the application process can be conveniently conducted entirely online.
Potential for No Down Payment
While most mortgages require a down payment, you may qualify for a zero-down payment VA loan if you’re a veteran, service member or military family. With a VA loan, there are:
No down payment on home purchase loans*
Lower closing cost limits
Lower interest rates
Relaxed credit requirements
No monthly mortgage insurance premiums
Already have a VA loan for your first home? As long as your new home will be your primary residence, you may be eligible for another VA purchase loan.
Keep in mind that the less you put down, the greater your monthly mortgage payment will be, and you’ll be paying more in interest over the long term.
Selling Your Current Home and Buying a New One
While it is common to sell your current home and buy your new one simultaneously, you may choose to do one transaction before the other.
Selling Before Buying Pros and Cons
Most people choose to sell before buying, which offers the following benefits:
You can access the equity and any profits from your current home to buy your next home, without having to include a contingency clause.
A contingency clause in the purchase contract allows you to back out of a contract if the sale of your current home doesn’t go through within a specified timeframe.
Coordinating this can be tricky, however. If your home fails to sell, your new home closing may be affected.
You won’t be responsible for paying two mortgages at once.
You can take your time negotiating with prospective homebuyers.
There are a few drawbacks to be aware of, including:
You’ll require temporary housing and storage.
Interest rates could rise as you search for your new perfect place.
You’ll need to pay for moving costs twice, once to your temporary home and storage, and again to the new home.
Buying Before Selling
If you choose to buy your new home before selling your current one, you will:
Avoid paying for temporary housing or an expensive storage unit
Usually have up to 60 days after closing to move in, so you can take your time furnishing and remodeling
Be able to act fast when you find your ideal home
Some of the disadvantages of taking this route include:
If your current home doesn’t sell quickly, you run the risk of having to carry two mortgages at the same time.
Purchasing a new home while carrying your current loan without selling makes it extremely difficult to qualify for a mortgage. Since you are carrying two mortgages, your debt-to-income ratio can be very high.
Other home expenses, such as property taxes, utilities, homeowners insurance and often costly homeowners association (HOA) dues, will also continue until you sell.
You won’t be able to use your home’s sale proceeds for your purchase and may need other financing, such as a bridge loan or home equity loan.
Best Practices on How to Sell Your House
Whether you sell or buy first, you’ll need to get your current home market-ready. Here are some best practices and tips for home-selling success.
Research the housing market. The housing market plays a significant role in the home-selling process. It impacts your pricing strategy, potential time on the market, competition and negotiating power.
For example, in a buyer’s market, homes tend to remain listed for longer and may sell at a lower price. This is great for you as a buyer but not as a seller. You’ll want to price your house competitively, make necessary repairs and stage your home to attract buyers. You may also need to offer buyer incentives, such as paying for some closing costs.
On the other hand, during a seller’s market, strong demand for homes can create bidding-war conditions. You may attract eager buyers willing to pay a premium for your home. Plus, you may sell quickly, providing the down payment funds to purchase your new home soon.
Find a reputable and licensed real estate agent. While you may have used a real estate agent to find your first home, hiring one to sell your current house is a good idea. Selling a home involves many moving parts, and a real estate agent can guide you through the process. They are knowledgeable about market conditions, marketing, negotiating and the steps required to achieve a positive outcome.
Locate a lender. Secure an experienced lender that can help you with your mortgage once you’re ready to purchase a new home. You’ll want to find one that offers a range of loans and competitive rates, as well as a written commitment to lend you a specific amount of money, subject to certain conditions. This type of certification, such as a Pennymac BuyerReady Certification,* demonstrates that you are a serious buyer and can give you the confidence that you’ll be able to obtain the funding you need.
Deep clean, declutter and stage your home. Present your home in its best light by deep cleaning, decluttering and staging. These three steps enhance the visual appeal of your home, create a welcoming atmosphere and allow buyers to envision their belongings in the space.
Make repairs and updates. Potential buyers will be looking for a home in good condition. Make sure your exterior and landscaping are well maintained. Fix broken fixtures, give walls a fresh coat of paint and verify your plumbing, HVAC and electrical systems are all working properly. Consider getting a home inspection before putting your home on the market to identify priority projects. Your real estate agent is also an excellent resource for determining which repairs and updates you should focus on.
The Home Buying Process the Second Time Around
The second-time home buying and mortgage process is similar to that of a first-time homebuyer. You’ll need to:
Prepare financially
Search and find a property
Make an offer and negotiate
Get a home inspection
Finalize the mortgage
Close and move in
But while the process is basically the same, some other factors, such as those below, may have changed and will influence your next home purchase.
Financial Aspects to Consider
As you navigate the second-time buying process, take into account the following financial considerations:
Shifted market conditions. The real estate market might have changed dramatically since your first home purchase. For example, if you purchased your current home in a buyer’s market, you perhaps had a lot of options and negotiating power. If it’s a seller’s market now, you might encounter tight inventory. Listed homes will sell rapidly, and you may need to be prepared to pay more and forego contingencies to get the home you want.
Your financial situation. How has your financial status evolved over the years? Has your income increased? What expenses do you have now that you didn’t have when you bought your home? Your current financial health will play a role in what loans you will qualify for.
Mortgage underwriting changes. Over the past 15 years, mortgage qualifications have become more stringent and interest rates may have changed significantly. However, if your financial circumstances have improved, you may have increased financing opportunities.
Down Payments and Benefits
As a second-time homebuyer, you can take advantage of all that equity you have built over the years and put it toward your new home. After closing, you’ll receive the proceeds from your home sale minus any outstanding mortgage balances and transaction costs. You can use those proceeds, as well as any additional savings, for a down payment.
Exploring Second-Time Homebuyer Programs
While there are many programs to help first-time homebuyers, there are some that assist individuals in purchasing their second home. Visit the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) or a local government website to explore options in your area. And remember, if you meet first-time homebuyer criteria, don’t rule out first-time homebuyer programs.
In terms of mortgages, second-time homebuyers have numerous options, including conventional, FHA and VA loans. A Pennymac Loan Expert can help you compare loans and work with you to find the one that best fits your needs.
Key Differences Between First and Second-Time Buying
The main differences between first-time and second-time home buying are typically related to mortgage considerations, market conditions and experience.
The Requirements and Challenges
As a second-time homebuyer, you will not be eligible for grants and other initiatives that aim to assist first-time buyers in obtaining down payment funds. This means that you will likely need some down payment. If you are selling your home, you can use the sale proceeds for your down payment.
Today’s stricter underwriting practices, including more stringent credit standards, are aimed at protecting consumers and the housing market. However, individuals with credit challenges may find it more difficult to qualify for a favorable home loan.
Experience Factors
You can leverage your prior experience as a second-time homebuyer. You’ve been through the home buying and mortgage process and may be familiar with the documentation required and the timeline involved. And while the process and market have evolved over the years, your knowledge can equip you with valuable insights and confidence throughout the journey.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Check out these FAQs for answers to some of the most common questions that second-time homebuyers have about mortgages.
Can a Second-Time Home Buyer Get an FHA Loan?
Yes, Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans are available to qualified homebuyers who wish to put less than 20% down on their home purchase. Income, debt and credit history requirements are more flexible than conventional mortgages.
FHA loans are also a great option for borrowers who may want to put more than 20% down. They allow for a 580 credit score, whereas conventional loan pricing gets expensive the lower the credit score is.
What Are the Common Requirements for Second-Time Buyers?
Common requirements for second-time homebuyers depend on the type of loan, but a lender will consider your credit score, income, debt and down payment when evaluating your mortgage application.
Are There Specific Programs or Grants Available for Second-Time Buyers?
Yes, Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans and VA loans are available to second-time buyers. States and local governments may also offer programs to help second-time homebuyers. Check the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development website or your local government website to explore available options in your area.
Make the Move to Your Next Home With Confidence
Moving to your next home is exciting, but being prepared before diving into the home-selling and buying process is essential. Reach out to a Pennymac Loan Expert who will help guide you through the mortgage process, answer your questions and discuss a variety of competitive rates and loan options.
*As long as the sales price does not exceed the appraised home value.
**Customers with a Pennymac BuyerReady Certification prior to locking any Pennymac purchase loan get $1,000 applied as a discount off total closing costs and/or principal curtailment, subject to investor guidelines. Excludes Jumbo, refinance, third-party and in-process loans. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.
American family finances have weathered the fallout of the dot-com bubble, the Great Recession and a pandemic over the last 30 years. Despite these challenges and more, single-parent households as a whole have actually seen broad financial improvements during this time.
Some households are better insulated to emerge unscathed (and even improved) from economic turmoil. On the other hand, families with one earner and multiple mouths to feed are at a disadvantage compared with those with multiple incomes when there is a job loss, high inflation, unexpected medical expenses or trouble in financial markets, for example. Measuring the financial health of a single-income household against one with two incomes would uncover few surprises. However, examining how the financial well-being of single-parent households has changed, and how it’s changed relative to others over time, tells a story of certain improvements and remaining opportunities for growth.
I am the product of a single-parent household. From the time I was 3 years old in the early 1980s, my mom raised my older brothers and me solo. Later, as an adult, I was the head of a single-parent household, raising my daughter who was born in 2000. Much has changed during that time, both in how I experienced the world through finances personally and within the broader economy. Charting the household finances of single-parent households across decades underscores these changes. Income, net worth and homeownership rates among single-parent households have improved dramatically, but these households still lack insulation from financial shocks, according to data from the Federal Reserve.
Family finances through the decades
The Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances is released every three years and is a trove of household financial data. I examined 30 years of the data, from 1992 to the recently released 2022 report, to see how my lived experiences aligned with the national picture and how the financial conditions of households like mine have changed.
Roughly 30 years ago, in 1992, I was 14 years old, living with my mother and one older brother, while my eldest brother was in college. During childhood, my mom received child support, but we still qualified for the free lunch program at school, a common proxy for household poverty. She had the good fortune of always having a steady job and put herself through college while raising us.
My experience as a parent — beginning in 2000 — was different in that I didn’t receive support payments from another parent but did qualify for broader public assistance. When my daughter was an infant, I received EBT benefits or “food stamps,” public housing and Aid to Dependent Children, commonly referred to as “welfare.” I, too, put myself through college and held down a job from the time she was born. Despite beginning my journey as a single mother at a deficit from where my mother began hers — quite a bit younger and with only one source of income — I was able to climb more quickly, perhaps because I only had one additional mouth to feed or because government and social supports of the era made it easier to do so.
Over the past 30 years, the median annual income of single-parent households has grown just over 45%, after adjusting for inflation, to $43,000, slightly faster than any other household type. Across all households, typical incomes grew about 27% during that period.
Note: The Survey of Consumer Finances defines single-parent households as those with children but not married or living with a partner.
A higher real income means a higher standard of living — your money can go further toward paying for the things you need. And my personal experience as a child and a parent aligns with this data — later in my daughter’s childhood, I was better able to afford things my mother would have considered luxuries when I was young.
I want to make it very clear that it’s little more than a neat coincidence that my personal life reflects the Federal Reserve data. Much is hidden in national aggregates, and many people have their own anecdotes that would run contrary to the data. In the case of “median income,” for example, we know that half of single-parent households earned less than $43,000 in 2022, and many likely earned much less. On the other hand, half earned more than that median amount. And though the national median grew during this 30-year period, some households surely experienced periods of declining income. Big aggregates allow us to examine broad trends, but they also sacrifice some details.
Net worth nearly triples; homes and retirement assets climb
Your net worth is the amount of your assets (the things you own of value) minus your liabilities, or debts. And single-parent households saw significant increases in net worth from 1992 to 2022. While households overall saw inflation-adjusted net worth climb 87% during this period, those headed by a single parent rose 189%.
A higher net worth represents greater insulation from financial difficulties. When you have more savings, equity in a home or lower debt, for example, you’re better able to accommodate unexpected expenses and better able to plan for long-term financial goals.
At least some of this growth in net worth is due to the rise of homeownership among single parents. The percentage of single-parent households who own their primary residence grew from 43% in 1992 to 50% in 2022, an increase of 17%, and the most dramatic increase among all family types during the period.
I was raised in rentals; my mother hasn’t owned a house since she had to sell the family home after my parents’ divorce. However, I purchased my first home when my daughter was 7 years old, thanks in part to the more accommodating standards of an FHA mortgage, down payment assistance and when I bought — it was 2007, and home loans were being passed out like candy.
Another important asset, retirement accounts, are now held by 37% of single-parent households, compared with 24% in 1992. While a marked improvement, there is still room for growth here. Among all households, 54% have retirement accounts.
So what can account for these improvements? It’s likely a combination of factors, starting with a “catch-up” period. Moms make up 80% of the heads of single-parent households, according to the U.S. Census, and women were afforded the right to apply for credit and loans such as mortgages only in 1974. The full implications of this change could certainly take decades to work their way into household personal finances and the economy at large. Further, the share of single mothers who work and the share of women going to college has increased over the past several decades, contributing to increased earning power. And finally, while a 2022 Pew Research Center survey found that the stigma of single motherhood is on the rise again, it’s likely still at a better place than 30 or 50 years ago, when legal protections against discrimination were lacking.
Where single-parent households can still gain ground
The share of single-parent households that save money actually fell over the 30-year period examined, from 45% to 41%. In fact, it fell across most household types during this period, though it fell the furthest for single parents. Without savings, you’re more likely to depend on debt when emergency expenses arise and less likely to be able to keep up with monthly bills.
Single-parent households are also the most common household type to revolve credit card debt, or carry it from one month to the next. More than half (52%) of these households carry a balance on their card from month to month, compared with 44% of all households, according to the data. Further, single-parent households saw the greatest change in this metric among all household types during the two-year period capturing the COVID-19 recession — from 2019 to 2022, that share rose 15%.
Carrying credit card debt increases monthly payment obligations, and household payment-to-income ratios reflect this. In any given month, roughly 11% of single-parent households have monthly debt payments exceeding 40% of their monthly income. This 40% threshold is considered a measure of financial vulnerability, and a greater share of single-parent households find themselves on the wrong side of this line than any other household type. Further, while the share of households over this 40% mark has decreased in the last 30 years, it’s fallen the least in single-parent homes.
Keys to continued improvements
Overall, typical household finances have improved over the last 30 years, and by some measures they’ve improved most dramatically for single-parent households. But going it alone as a parent, whether by choice or by chance, still presents some greater financial challenges. Namely, households like mine often lack the additional safety valves afforded households with two potential earners, making them more vulnerable and more likely to have to turn to debt in periods of financial stress.
For me, a single parent raised by a single parent, money decisions were always about caution and resourcefulness, being careful and conscientious about every dime spent and being a scrappy problem-solver when money was too tight to cover all of the expenses. Honestly, I was resentful of this as a child. But I was grateful for the foundation when I became a parent. Early in my daughter’s life, these lessons were crucial for keeping the lights on, quite literally. And now that I’m financially secure, these lessons still underpin how I think about money and how I talk about it in my work.
The average finances of single-parent households have improved over the years, but individual household finances can hit setbacks along the long-term climb. The path to financial security is rarely linear. Incrementally building an emergency fund, using debt strategically and knowing where to turn when things get tough can make it easier to rebound and get back on an upward track.
Whether you’ve been a single mom since day one or are in the process of becoming a solo parent, raising a child on your own can be expensive. Housing, essentials, and extracurriculars add up. Add in unplanned days off for childcare, major expenses like dental work and medical insurance, or expenses like legal bills during a separation, and you may find yourself with your finances stretched thinner than you’d like.
One option to consider is a personal loan. This type of loan provides a lump sum of money up front you then pay back (plus interest) in monthly installments over time. You can use the funds from a personal loan for virtually any purpose, whether it’s making a large purchase, covering living expenses, or paying down other, higher-interest debt.
Read on for a closer look at personal loans for single moms, including their pros and cons, how to qualify, plus other funding options you may want to explore.
Why Might a Single Mom Need a Personal Loan?
There are many reasons why a single mother — or any parent — might consider applying for a personal loan. These include:
1. Consolidating debt
2. Covering the cost a move
3. Paying tuition or extracurricular expenses for children
4. Stopgap during times of unemployment
5. Covering housing costs, such as rent or a mortgage
6. Paying for a home remodeling project
7. Buying a car
8. Purchasing major appliances
Recommended: What Is a Personal Loan? How Do Personal Loans Work?
Are Personal Loans for Single Mothers Special?
In a word, no. The process of applying for a personal loan is the same for everyone. However, there may be particular approval hurdles to overcome as a single parent.
One is income. If you’re newly single, you may not have a steady income, which can make it more difficult to get approved for a personal loan. Another is your credit. If you’ve had to rely on credit cards to cover the cost of divorce or the transition to single parenting, your credit may not be what it used to be. The amount of debt you owe on your credit cards is one of the biggest factors affecting your credit score.
However, these obstacles aren’t insurmountable (more on that below).
Benefits and Risks of Personal Loans for a Single Mother
A personal loan can offer a single mom a valuable lifeline to meet immediate needs, such as unexpected expenses, education costs, or debt consolidation. However, taking on any type of debt generally comes with costs, as well as risks. Here’s a look at the pros and cons of getting a loan as a single mom.
Pros
Cons
Flexibility in fund usage
Interest and fees add to your costs
Quick access to funds
Risk of overborrowing
Fixed repayment schedule
Missed or late payments can negatively impact your credit
Interest rates are typically lower than credit cards
Can add to your debt burden
Pros of Personal Loans for Single Mothers
• Flexibility Personal loans provide flexibility in how you can use the borrowed funds. Whether it’s covering medical bills, home repairs, or summer camp tuition, personal loans can be used for a wide range of purposes.
• Quick access to funds Personal loans often come with a streamlined application process and relatively quick approval. You may be able to access the funds quickly, enabling you to address urgent financial needs promptly.
• Fixed repayment schedule Personal loans usually come with fixed monthly payments over a specified term. This predictability can make it easier for you to budget and plan your finances effectively.
• Potential for lower interest rates Depending on the borrower’s creditworthiness, personal loans can offer competitive interest rates compared to other types of borrowing, such as credit cards or payday loans. Single mothers with a good credit history may benefit from more affordable repayment terms.
Cons of Personal Loans for Single Mothers
• Interest and fees On top of interest, some lenders charge fees for personal loans, which increase the overall cost of borrowing. It’s important to carefully evaluate the terms and conditions to make sure you can comfortably manage the repayments without straining your budget.
• Risk of overborrowing As a single mom, you likely want to avoid overborrowing or taking on more debt than they can reasonably repay. Overcommitting to loan payments may lead to a cycle of financial stress and difficulty in meeting other essential expenses.
• Impact on credit score Taking out a personal loan creates a new line of credit, and if not managed properly, it could negatively affect your credit profile. Late or missed payments can damage creditworthiness, potentially impacting future borrowing opportunities.
• Debt burden A personal loan will add to your existing financial obligations as a single mother. Before opting for a loan, you’ll want to be certain to assess the long-term implications and consider whether the loan repayments align with your income and financial goals.
Is Getting a Personal Loan With No Income Possible?
If you’re a single mother with no job or you’ve been a stay-at-home-mother with little or no income of your own, it may be difficult, though not impossible, to qualify for a personal loan.
Lenders typically want to see proof of a regular income. However, that does not necessarily have to be job-related income. You may be able to count these other sources of income:
• Unemployment
• Alimony
• Child support
• Investment income
• Rental income
• Pension or annuity income
• Freelance work
• Gig work
If you don’t have much income to speak of, then you might consider a cosigner or co-applicant for your loan. This a person who agrees to make the loan payments if the main borrower cannot or does not. For some borrowers, family members have the financial flexibility to cosign on a loan, but it can be a good idea to have a conversation about expectations and potential hypotheticals if you were no longer able to pay back the loan.
Another option is to secure a personal loan with collateral. This is an asset of value, such as a vehicle or money in a savings account, you use to back the loan in case you default. Should you become unable to repay the loan, the lender can seize your collateral to recover their losses. This lowers risk for the lender, making steady income (or less-than-stellar credit) less critical.
Also keep in mind that if you have no income but excellent credit, you may still find a lender who is willing to offer you an unsecured personal loan.
You’ll also want to be wary, however, of lenders who advertise “No-Income Loans,” as these loans may come with sky-high interest rates, short repayment terms, and low loan amounts.
Alternatives to Personal Loans for Single Mothers
There are other alternatives to personal loans, depending on your financial circumstances and your needs. Here are some you might consider.
Home Loans for Single Mothers
If you own your home, using your home as a financial asset may be one way to borrow funds at a reasonable cost. If you have built up equity in your home, you may be able to tap that equity by getting a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC). Just keep in mind that the loan is backed by your home. Should you have difficulty repaying the loan or credit line, you could potentially lose your home.
Government Resources for Single Parents
If your income is low, you may be eligible for one or more government assistance programs. Some options you may want to explore include:
• Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
• National School Lunch Program
• Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
• Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• The Emergency Food Assistance Program
You can find more resources at enefits.gov.
Educational Aid for Single Mothers
If you’re considering going back to school, below are some programs that can help make it more affordable (or even free):
• Pell Grants
• Teach Grants
• Women’s Independence Scholarship Program (WISP)
There also may be private scholarships and grants for single parents available from the institutions you’re interested in. Speaking with the financial aid office may help you see the breadth of options available to you.
Other Financial Help For Single Mothers
Becoming a single mother, either by choice or circumstance, can feel overwhelming. But there is support out there. It can help to talk to other single parents in your community — you may be surprised by all the resources that are available. Other opportunities may include:
• Financial aid or tuition assistance If your children are in private school or extracurricular programs, there may be financial aid available to help lower the cost. Even if there’s not a formal program, it can’t hurt to explain your situation and ask what may be available.
• Employer-based programs Your human resources department may have certain programs, such as childcare coverage, free legal consultations, and access to financial planning and debt counseling, for eligible workers. Talk to your HR representative or look through their materials to assess what’s available.
• Family and friends People close to you may be willing to provide support, or there may be creative ways to trade services, such as babysitting, to get more financial help. If a friend or family member offers to loan you money, it can be helpful to put an agreement in writing, including any interest you will pay and the terms of repayment, so there is no confusion that can cause a rift in your relationship.
Recommended: Options for When You Can’t Afford Your Child’s College
The Takeaway
As a single mother, there are avenues that can help you manage your finances and achieve your financial goals, including taking out a personal loan. This type of financing can provide financial relief and flexibility, but it is important to weigh the pros and cons, compare options from different lenders, and assess your ability to manage repayments responsibly.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2023 winner for Best Online Personal Loan overall.
Photo credit: iStock/RyanJLane
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.
External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
In the past nine months I’ve found $12.89 in singles and specie. The cash has shown up in a number of places, but most of it is from coins I picked up.
As usual, I’ll squirrel away the found funds until Thanksgiving, at which time I’ll write a check to a food bank. I’ve been doing this for a couple of decades, including a span of several years during which I had neither a vessel into which to urinate nor a casement through which to dispose of it.
This was a painless way to help others at a time when I worried nonstop about my own ability to stay afloat. Giving to others got me out of my own head, reminding me that plenty of people lived with considerably fewer resources (financial, emotional, practical) than I had.
It also reminded me that despite my fears I actually did have enough to get by. In fact, I had so much enough that I could afford to share a little with others. What richness!
Maybe you’re in a tight spot of your own, or maybe your paycheck covers the basics without much left over. But writing a check isn’t the only way to give. Our time, our talents and even our frugal hacks can make a difference in the world.
The Ultimate Social Network Why give? Because there’s need — and because it’s as good for you as it is for the people to whom you contribute.
Helping others connects us with the bigger picture, i.e., life outside our own little circles of circumstance. Giving is the ultimate social network, because it connects us with the wider world vs. the virtual one.
Suppose you spent an hour driving a veteran to the doctor and back. For you it would be an hour you could spare. For the vet you drove, it would be a lifeline.
Note: You shouldn’t give anything — even your time — if it endangers your equilibrium or your budget. A single parent with one and a half jobs already has enough on his or her plate, and you should chase the wolf away from your own door before you pick a name off the Angel Tree.
The following tips are not one-size-fits-all. For example, maybe you:
Live in a high-rise and don’t know your neighbors.
Aren’t the kind of person who would ever pick up recyclables.
Can’t donate blood for medical reasons.
But surely one of these suggestions will resonate. And if not? Share your own ideas in the comment section.
“Used,” but still useful
Charity thrift shops. Goodwill and others can use clothing, housewares, books and maybe even furniture. However, keep in mind that the stuff you think “still has some use left in it” might not be saleable. Get a receipt in case this is the year you itemize; see “Getting the most from your charitable deductions” for specifics.
The Freecycle Network. Not all chapters are created equal, but I’ve had tremendous success with people coming to get stuff I no longer need.
Got books? This American Library Association fact sheet offers information on libraries that accept donated materials.
Got children’s books? Ask if you can leave your kids’ outgrown titles in the waiting room at a public health clinic or social service agency.
Periodical sharing. When you finish with magazines, ask if it’s OK to leave them at laundromats, job-source organizations or other places adults tend to sit and wait. Cut the mailing label off the front of the mag; it doesn’t hurt to be wary even though identity theft is generally more high-tech than that.
Rags that rock. Before tossing worn-out towels or blankets, see if pet rescue groups could use them.
Holidays for kids. This doesn’t have to cost a bundle. Shop the Black Friday or pre-Black Friday sales, or the loss leaders during the holiday season. If experience has shown you which stores have the best stuff, shave off a few more bucks by paying with a discounted gift card.
Holidays for adults. Social service agencies or places of worship will likely let you know who’s in need. Shop the same sales as noted in “gifts for kids,” above, and also watch daily deal sites like My Bargain Buddy and Dealnews.com.
Clothing drives. Got a second coat, a like-new hat, an extra scarf? If you’re in a cold climate a collection box is waiting somewhere. When I lived in Alaska I carried extra hats, scarves and mittens in the trunk of my car, in case I met a homeless person who needed them. (And I did.)
Pro bono es bueno. Lawyers and doctors aren’t the only ones who donate their time, incidentally. Whether it’s social media savvy or landscape architecture, your skills might be needed by a town landmark, a group home, an elementary school.
Helping hands. Not everyone has an in-demand skill, but just about any of us can stuff envelopes or help clean up after a PTA meeting.
Teach a class. Take stock of what you know well — web design, cake decorating, Excel spreadsheets? — and offer that knowledge to others through a club, afterschool program, fraternal organization or place of worship.
Be a youth-group leader. This is a huge time commitment, and some people (including me) aren’t nuts about certain organizations’ policies on gays and lesbians. But if you can find a match — scouting, 4-H, youth sports, Sunday school — your help is needed.
Mentoring. Big Brothers/Big Sisters is the group people most often choose, but other options exist. Maybe your place of worship has a way to match kids in need with caring adults. Perhaps a professional organization arranges job-shadows for teens interested in your industry. A recent college graduate in your field might need advice and/or networking.
Yard work. Got an elderly or chronically ill neighbor who can’t manage snow, leaves or lawn? Step up.
Give blood. If the bloodmobile comes to the workplace, well, score: You get a break from the job plus juice and cookies! If not, look for blood drives. Donation doesn’t take very long and it’s a literal lifesaver.
Frugal-hack giving
Use your coupon powers for good. By combining sale prices, coupons and instant store rebates, you can pay nothing or next to nothing for toiletries, cleaning products and food items. I’ve donated numerous bags of these things to a shelter and a couple of emergency pantries.
Coupon powers, part 2. Michael’s and Jo-Ann’s have dollar sections and they run “50% off any non-clearance item” coupons in their Sunday ads. Thus I pay 50 cents for knitted gloves that aren’t good to 30 below but do keep out the chill. Shelters can use these.
Clearance tables rule! Speaking of gloves: I found them priced at two pairs for 33 cents a couple of late-winters ago. (I bought 100 pairs to give away.) Clearance tables can also yield gifts for next year’s holiday donations.
Recycle for credit. Trade in spent ink cartridges for store credit at Office Max, Office Depot and Staples, then buy school supplies to donate. Deliver office supplies to your favorite local nonprofit. Drop off teabags or coffee filters at the senior center. (Cartridge trade-in policies vary, so be clear on the rules before you do this.)
Recycle for cash. If you walk for exercise, carry a bag and pick up cans and bottles along the way. Give the money you earn to your favorite cause.
Plant a little extra. If you have one zucchini plant you have enough; if you have two, you have enough to share. Seriously: Put a few extra seeds in the ground and donate extra produce to food bank or soup kitchen.
Calendar creep. Do charities send you calendars, greeting cards and notepads? Offer calendars to teachers (animal-themed ones are a big hit with younger kids), group homes, senior centers or nonprofits, or bundle up the cards and notepads and donate them to charity thrift shops.
A non-pay phone. Got a plan with unlimited minutes? Maybe someone in a veterans’ or long-term-care home wants to call family or friends but can’t afford it. Ask a social worker if you can temporarily donate your phone on a weekend afternoon.
House-caring hack. Next time someone offers you $50 to pick up the mail and feed the cat for a week, make a counter-offer: You’ll do those chores if he or she will make a donation to the charity of your choice. If you’re a cynic, just accept the money and donate it yourself.
Readers: How do you give on a budget — or for free?
Buying a house is a tricky process. It may seem like all you can do is submit a good offer, be patient, and hope that the universe has gifted you with a lot of karma points. But if you’ve fallen hard for a particular house and are losing sleep and your appetite over it (I’m right there with you!), this just might be the time to write an offer letter.
An offer letter is a personal letter from you to the sellers that is included with your offer paperwork. It allows you to say, in your own words, why you want to buy the house and why you hope the sellers select your offer. The sellers review it as part of the overall offer and, depending on whether you’re tied for first with another potential buyer, may use it to determine who goes under contract (especially if the other person did not write a letter).
While there are no hard and fast rules to crafting an offer letter, the following guidelines will help ensure that you put the best version of yourself forward in writing:
Be honest and sincere – I happen to think this is a good rule to have in life, not just in home-buying! But if you are writing a letter to tell the sellers why you love this house, you need to tell them why YOU love this house, not what you think they want you to say. I happen to have a very sensitive BS meter, and I get turned off if I feel someone is being dishonest with me. And if your letter sounds insincere or your seller suspects that you aren’t being truthful, your offer may not be accepted or your contract may later be at risk. An additional benefit of being honest is that you may find surprising commonalities with your seller (as we did) which could increase your offer’s chances of being accepted.
Humanize yourself – Who are you? Are you a young couple with a dog and a few chickens? A single parent with a teenage daughter? An elderly couple looking to downsize? Giving details about yourself, your family, and your interests allows the seller to understand who you are and helps them to better relate to you as a person, which can be useful not only in having your offer accepted, but in keeping any future price negotiations civil and fair.
Give specific details about what speaks to you about the house/property – Why are you placing this offer? What are the things that you love about the house, and how do you envision your life within it? These details reassure the seller that you’ve spent some time observing the house and that you have directly connected to it in some way. Plus, depending on the things you mention, you may be paying a compliment to the seller’s handiwork or style, which doesn’t hurt.
Pretend you’re writing a letter to a crush – Writing a letter to someone you have never met is challenging for everyone, especially when you are trying to express to them how much you like their house. I find myself rereading letters and emails after they’ve been sent wondering if I should have phrased something differently or provided more (or less) detailed information. But crafting a letter with respect, kindness, and conviviality is never a bad thing, and can help a seller to overlook a weaker writing voice. And, just like writing to a crush, this is not the time for sass or put-downs. Selling a house is often a bittersweet process, and depending on the seller’s situation, they may or may not be happy about their move. Be sensitive to what they might be going through, and acknowledge their feelings in your letter.
Make sure that you clearly answer the question, “Why do I want this house?” – Here’s an exercise: ask yourself “why do I want this house” before you begin your letter. Try to come up with an answer that is one or two sentences long at maximum. Write it down, set it aside, and then reference it while you’re writing and reviewing your letter. Of course, your letter will have more detail than this statement, but that message and the reasons why you want the house should be clearly expressed. For us, our house was the perfect combination of architectural aesthetics, a close neighborhood community, and a yard that would allow us to grow a large garden. We made sure to explain why each of those things were important to us and why we felt this particular house met our needs.
Keep your letter to one page if you can, and remember that spellcheck is your friend. If you’d like further inspiration, my own offer letter is included below. Now get to writing, and best of luck!
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Teenagers tend to have few financial obligations. They may need to work a part-time job to earn spending money, but generally, no one is expecting them to put food on the table or manage important assets. It’s usually understood that high schoolers don’t yet have the life experience or maturity for those kinds of responsibilities.
And yet, we allow them to take out tens and even hundreds of thousands in student loan debt before they turn 18. That’s a financial obligation on par with buying a home, entrusted to kids who can’t even rent a car. Unfortunately, it’s a reality for most young people looking to get a degree.
That’s why every student needs to be prepared for the harsh reality of borrowing so much money. The more prepared you are to pay back those loans as soon as possible, the less likely you’ll be struggling financially in your adult years. A strong repayment approach can mean the difference between a debt-free life in your 20s and a lingering debt burden in your 30s – and thousands in owed interest. Using a loan calculator with amortization schedule will show you how much your payments need to be in order to pay down the loan in a given time frame.
If you’re about to take out student loans or already have them, here’s what you need to know.
Know What Kind of Loans You Have
Student loans often get lumped into one group, but they can vary widely. The two main types are private loans and federal loans. Like their namesake, federal loans are offered by the federal government. A private loan is a loan offered by a private bank or credit union. Most students have federal loans or a mix of both federal and private.
Federal loans are considered a better option than private loans because they have more repayment and forgiveness options. They also tend to have lower interest rates.
Private loans often require a cosigner, someone who will take on the responsibility of paying off the loan if you default or can’t make payments. Most students have their parents act as the cosigner.
Write down what kind of loan you have, the account number, the interest rate and the amount you originally borrowed.
Know How Much You’re Borrowing
Many students sign up for student loans assuming they’ll be able to pay them off easily after graduation. Most don’t realize how much they’re borrowing until they’ve graduated and the loan comes due.
The best thing you can do for your future self is to look at how much you’ve borrowed so far, how much you’re taking out currently and how much you’ll need for the duration of your time in school.
In 2012, Indiana University started sending out letters to current students explaining how much they owed and how much they would have to pay each month after graduating. Those letters proved to be very effective, reducing how much students borrowed by more than 10%. Three years later, the Indiana General Assembly passed a bill mandating that all state schools release similar letters to their students.
Knowing how much you’ve borrowed will make you more aware of your financial reality, and motivate you to find alternate ways of paying for school. You may try to take more classes per semester and graduate early or apply for more scholarships and grants. Even working a few hours a week in the student library or behind the front desk at your dorm can make a significant difference.
Most students borrow the maximum amount they’re allowed, but that’s not always necessary. Do a projection of how much your expenses will be this semester, including rent, groceries, transportation, utilities, parking, books and other fees. If you end up needing less than you anticipated, tell your loan provider that you’d like to take out less. If you need the same, then stick with that amount.
Looking at your loans on a semester-by-semester basis can help you borrow more or less depending on your circumstances. Create a budget each semester and stick to it, so you can be confident in the amount you’ve chosen to borrow.
Know Your Interest Rate
Every loan has its own interest rate which depends on the kind of loan, when you borrowed and other factors. Interest rates for federal student loans are determined by the government, but private lenders are allowed to charge as much as they want. Currently, federal interest rates for undergraduate loans are 5.05% and graduate degree loans are 6.6%. In 2017, the average variable interest rate for a private student loan was 7.81% and the fixed-rate average was 9.66%.
Know You Can Pay Back Your Loans Early
If you have federal loans, you can start repaying them while still in college. If you borrow too much or find a lucrative part-time job, you can use some of your income to pay back your loans. Doing that now will mean lower payments after you graduate.
If you have private student loans that don’t allow early payments, you can still save money in a savings account and put that toward your loans once they become eligible for repayment.
Know If Your Parents Took Out Student Loans for You
It’s not uncommon for parents to take out loans either from the federal government or a private lender. Some parents do so without telling their kids, because they want to help fund their education. Even if your parents don’t expect repayment, it’s always good to have an idea of how much they’ve sacrificed to get you there.
Other parents take out student loans and expect their children to repay them, as well as any individual bonds they borrowed. As a student you won’t have access to your parents’ loan information, so you have to ask them for the specifics. If you know you’ll eventually be on the hook for any debt your parents took out, you need as much information about the loans as possible.
Ask Your Parents if Any of Their Financial Information Will Change
How much grant and scholarship money you’re eligible for is often dependent on your financial need. Your parents’ income is the single most important factor in determining that eligibility.
If your parents’ income doesn’t fluctuate, you’ll generally receive the same amount every year. If your parents get divorced or your single parent remarries, then your FAFSA could look quite different for the coming year. When my friend’s dad lost his job, she immediately qualified for more need-based grants the following semester.
Know When Your Loans are Due
Even if you’re a freshman in college, it’s important to know when your student loans will come due. Federal loans give you a six-month grace period after graduation, so you don’t have to start repayment until the fall if you graduate in the spring. Private loans have their own system determining when the first payment is due, which varies from lender to lender.
If you’re a senior in college and plan to graduate this year, it’s not a bad idea to look up when your first bill is due. You don’t want to graduate May 15 and find out you owe $500 on June 1. Knowing when that first payment will hit can save you months of worry, and help you create a repayment plan in anticipation.
Know That Student Loan Debt is Real Money
When you first take out student loans, it’s easy to feel like the amount you borrow is just a number. You won’t be forced to deal with it for years, so that $50,000 total doesn’t actually feel like $50,000 dollars. For a teen used to making minimum wage at a coffee shop, that amount is hard to wrap your head around.
But make no mistake, that money is very real – and you will have to pay it back eventually. Acknowledging the reality of your situation can help inform the decisions you make about applying for grants and scholarships, working a side job and managing expenses throughout the year.
Talk to a friend or family member who graduated college with student debt and ask them about their experience. They may be able to shed some light on the reality of living with debt after graduation.
Where to Find Help
The financial aid office at your university can help you suss out where your loans are coming from, how much you’ve borrowed and how to contact your lenders. Once you know who your lenders are, you can reach out to them for more specific information.
You can find a list of the loans you’ve taken out by checking your credit report, which you can do via AnnualCreditReport.com. There are three credit bureaus that publish credit histories, so you’ll want to check all three if it’s your first time looking at your report.
Some lenders may fail to report student loans on your credit, so don’t rely on that exclusively. However, if your credit report shows student loans or other loans that don’t look familiar, contact that lender. It’s possible for lenders to report student loans to the wrong person if you have a similar name or social security number.
If you know you’ve taken out student loans and don’t see them on your credit report, that doesn’t absolve you of the debt. Mistakes made by the lender will still affect you, so be vigilant.
The views and opinions expressed in this content are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or view of Intuit Inc, Mint or any affiliated organization. This blog post does not constitute, and should not be considered a substitute for legal or financial advice. Each financial situation is different, the advice provided is intended to be general. Please contact your financial or legal advisors for information specific to your situation.
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Zina Kumok is a freelance writer specializing in personal finance. A former reporter, she has covered murder trials, the Final Four and everything in between. She has been featured in Lifehacker, DailyWorth and Time. Read about how she paid off $28,000 worth of student loans in three years at Conscious Coins. More from Zina Kumok
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Do you remember what it’s like being a kid with no financial responsibilities? Neither do I. It seems like we have been adulting forever. If life insurance isn’t quintessential adulthood, I don’t know what is. As you are reading and researching life insurance, one of the biggest questions you ask yourself is “Do I even need life insurance?”
Ask yourself this question: Does someone rely on me financially? If the answer is yes, then you likely need life insurance. Let’s discuss a few different types of people and their need for life insurance.
Single? You probably don’t need it.
If you are single and have no children, you probably don’t need life insurance. However, if you’re an ultra-planner or want to have a family sooner rather than later, locking in those low rates while you’re young and healthy can be a wise move.
Here are a few situations in which buying life insurance would be recommended even if you’re single:
Co-signed loans
Maybe your grandparents are co-signers on your private student loans or your parents co-signed on your mortgage. If you die before the balance is paid, the creditors can go after your co-signers. Life insurance can pay for these debts.
Caring for relatives
If you are caring for siblings or aging relatives you should consider life insurance to ensure that your loved ones are still provided for even if you are no longer around.
Have dependent children? You definitely need it.
Those with children have the greatest need for life insurance. Children rely on you for food, clothing, shelter, medicine, and everything else. If you die, life insurance can continue to fund these things, and it can also pay for hopes and dreams such as college tuition or a wedding.
Let’s take a closer look at specific parental situations:
Dual income families
If your household has two incomes contributing to standard of living, the sudden loss of a parent can cause financial upheaval if there is no life insurance to replace the lost income. One parent is now responsible to provide what two incomes previously did. For example, the proceeds from a life insurance policy can pay off the mortgage ensuring the children do not have to be uprooted from their home or school district.
Single parents
Let’s face it, the loss of a single parent to a child would be devastating. When married couples purchase life insurance, they often plan with the possibility that one spouse will remain to care for the children. Single parents do not have this luxury and absolutely need life insurance.
Stay-at-home parents
When you think of life insurance, you may only think a breadwinner needs coverage and not a stay-at-home parent – this could not be further from the truth. Imagine everything a stay-at-home parent does: babysits, cleans, cooks, transports, grocery shops… the list goes on. According to Salary.com, a stay-at-home mom is worth approximately $112,962. If the stay-at-home parent were to die unexpectedly, life insurance can pay for someone to help with these tasks.
Married? You most likely need it.
You don’t need to have children to rely on your significant other’s income. You’re building a life together and doing so requires money. You are likely both contributing to rent or a mortgage, car payments, utilities, and credit card bills. What happens if one of you were to die prematurely? The death benefit from a term life insurance policy can help pay for those expenses and cover the cost of a funeral.
It’s not uncommon today for couples to be in a committed relationship but postpone marriage. While it’s a little easier to own life insurance on your significant other if you are married, non-married couples can still purchase life insurance on one another as long as they can prove insurable interest.
Insurable interest is when a person can expect to suffer financial loss upon the death of another specific person. Having both names on a mortgage loan, both named on a lease, or owning a business together are just a few examples of how you can prove insurable interest.
The two types of life insurance
There are two main types of life insurance: term life insurance and permanent life insurance.
Term insurance:
Basic, inexpensive life insurance
Temporary – lasts a certain length of time (typically 10, 20, or 30 years)
Ideal for most people
Permanent insurance:
Lasts a lifetime
Accumulates cash value
Much more costly than term insurance
Not necessary for most people
For most individuals, term life insurance is suitable coverage. It is designed to last only during the years in which you have the greatest need for it. Permanent life insurance can be beneficial for more complicated situations such as managing wealth for large estates.
The key benefits
Buying life insurance means you hand over some of your hard earned dollars to an insurance company – so what do you get in return?
Your life insurance policy will provide significant funds to your loved ones when they need it most, allowing them to grieve without the added financial stress.
The death benefit is typically considerably greater than the premiums you paid.
The proceeds are generally safe from creditors. Even if you die with debt, creditors cannot go after the life insurance proceeds paid.
Life insurance proceeds are typically not taxed by the federal government.
Peace of mind in knowing your loved ones will be financially protected if you are taken from them too soon.
Natasha Cornelius is the content manager and editor for Quotacy. She has worked in the life insurance industry since 2010 and has been making life insurance easier to understand with her writing since 2014. A long-time Mint user, Natasha lives in Bozeman, Montana where she loves to garden, DIY anything she can, and explore beautiful Big Sky country. Connect with her on LinkedIn.
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A number of requirements must be met to take advantage of the scheme.
Price Limits
The value of the residential property must not exceed the price caps that have been set by the government in your state or regional area. In New South Wales, where property is most expensive, the cap is set at $900,000. In more affordable states such as Tasmania, the maximum price is $450,000.
“The price caps serve as your ceiling—the maximum price you can go for,” says Mardiasmo. “It doesn’t mean you have to go up to the maximum. If you are able to find a property that is lower, then this will serve well in terms of the amount of debt taken.”
Mardiasmo also notes that the caps represent the total value of the property. Buyers who are purchasing a house-and-land package need to be especially mindful of this, as they risk having their application rejected if the price of both is over the maximum limit.
“Sometimes buyers can be caught out with variations in construction contracts if they are purchasing land and then having a separate contract to build a home,” says Mardiasmo. “They could also be caught out if they are buying a house-and-land package, in which the total cost can vary, depending on your choice of inclusions.”
Buyers of these types of properties will need to sign a fixed-price building contract.
Along with the First Home Guarantee, there is also a Regional First Home Buyer Guarantee and a Family Home Guarantee for single parents with at least one dependent child. You can read more about the price limits via this table.
Property Types
There is also some flexibility in terms of the type of property being purchased–however it is essential that the property in question is a residential one. In other words, the applicants will become the owner-occupiers. Investment properties are excluded from the scheme.
Eligible residential properties include:
an existing house, townhouse or apartment
a house and land package
land and a separate contract to build a home
an off-the-plan apartment or townhouse
Relationship Status
Both singles and couples can benefit from the scheme. Single applicants with a taxable income of up to $125,000 per annum for the previous financial year are eligible, whereas the total income for a couple is $200,000 per annum.
Previously only couples were eligible for the First Home Guarantee if they are married or in a de-facto relationship with each other. However, from July 1, other people buying together, including siblings or friends, will be eligible.
The scheme was also expanded in the October budget to provide support specifically for single parents. There are now 10,000 Family Home Guarantees available for eligible single parents with at least one dependent child who have a deposit of as little as 2%. From July 1, this definition of single parent, will be expanded to include legal guardians, including aunts, uncles and grand-parents.
Loan Requirements
Loans under the First Home Guarantee require scheduled repayments of the principal and interest of the loan for the full period of the agreement.
There are limited exceptions for interest-only loans, which mainly relate to construction lending.
Wage Thresholds
A single person is eligible if they earn $125,000 per year or less, as is a couple who earns a combined $200,000. This must be shown on the Notice of Assessment issued by the Australian Taxation Office.
Deposit Size
To be eligible for the scheme, the minimum deposit size is 5% of the total price of the property. A single parent with children can have a deposit of 2%. The maximum deposit size allowed is 20%.