Personal loans are useful tools because you can use them for just about anything. From covering emergency car repairs to paying for home renovations to consolidating high-interest credit card debt, personal loans can be a game-changer for your finances. But, as with any kind of loan, personal loans typically come with fees.
But are loan fees bad? Not always. In fact, you may be able to secure a lower interest rate on your personal loan by paying a fee upfront — which will save you money in the long run.
Here, you’ll learn about personal loan options and the impact each can make on your finances so you can decide what suits you best.
Personal Loan Origination Fees, Explained
Personal loan origination fees serve as startup costs for initiating a loan. These are one-time fees that lenders charge to cover costs such as applications and underwriting. These fees often range from 1% to 6% but may go as high as 10%.
Not every personal loan has an origination fee, however. Often, borrowers with an excellent credit score can qualify for personal loans without fees (or at least much lower fees).
Some lenders make origination fees optional. At first glance, this might seem like a no-brainer. You might think, “Why should I pay a loan fee if I don’t have to?” But often, lenders may offer you a lower interest rate if you pay an origination fee upfront. This can save you money in the long run.
• A smart strategy: Look at the loan annual percentage rate (APR), which represents the true cost of the loan. The origination fee and interest rate are both bundled into this rate. This makes it easier to compare loans with and without origination fees to determine which is actually the better deal.
💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. SoFi personal loans come with no-fee options, and no surprises.
Personal Loan Origination Fee Example
To see how an origination fee affects your loan, here’s an example — one loan with an origination fee and one without.
In this scenario, your personal loan terms are as follows:
• Amount borrowed: $50,000
• Interest rate: 10%
• Loan term: 5 years
With an origination fee of 0%, you’d pay a total of $63,741.13 over the next 60 months, which is the term of the loan.
But what if there’s a 5% origination fee? You’ll still pay $63,741.13, but you’ll either pay $2,500 out of pocket upfront or have $2,500 deducted from the loan amount — borrowing only $47,500.
But remember, some lenders may offer you a lower interest rate in exchange for paying an origination fee. In this instance, in the scenario above, the lender may drop the interest rate from 10% to 7%. In that case, your total loan would look like:
• Amount borrowed: $50,000
• Interest rate: 7%
• Loan term: 5 years
The total payments over 60 months would be $59,403.60, or $4,337.53 less by paying the $2,500 origination fee. So that equals a savings of $1,837.53 once you deduct the fee. In this way, you can see why the answer to “Are loan fees bad?” may be “Not necessarily.”
Recommended: Personal Loan Terminology
How Are Loan Fees Determined?
Lenders consider a number of factors when calculating origination fees for personal loans, including:
• Credit score: Unsurprisingly, your credit score plays a big role in determining your origination fee. Lenders see borrowers with strong credit as less of a risk, so fees are generally lower.
• Debt-to-income ratio: The amount of debt you have compared to the amount of money you make is your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). This helps lenders determine how capable you are of meeting your monthly loan repayment commitment. The higher your DTI, the larger risk you are perceived to be — and that may be reflected in your origination fees.
• Cosigner: Even if your credit isn’t in great shape, you can still potentially lower your origination fee (and interest rate) by having a cosigner with stronger credit.
• Loan details: The amount you’re borrowing and the length of the loan can also impact personal loan origination fees.
💡 Quick Tip: Just as there are no free lunches, there are no guaranteed loans. So beware lenders who advertise them. If they are legitimate, they need to know your creditworthiness before offering you a loan.
How Are Loan Fees Paid?
If you choose a personal loan with an origination fee, you usually pay in one of two ways:
Taken Out of the Funds You Receive
In this scenario, you pay the whole amount of the origination fee at the start of the loan. Rather than dig in your pockets to come up with the cash, it’s usually subtracted from the amount you borrow.
For instance, if you borrow $20,000 and there’s a 5% origination fee, you’d owe $1,000. Lenders will typically instead give you $19,000, because they’ve taken the fee out of the funds they are lending you. However, you’ll have to pay back the full $20,000, plus interest.
Keep this in mind when taking out the loan. If you need the full $20,000, you should actually request a slightly larger loan so that, after the origination fee, you walk away with $20K.
Note: In some instances, a lender may require an out-of-pocket payment for the origination fee.
Rolled Into the Loan
Alternatively, lenders may simply roll the origination fee into the loan. In the example above, you’d receive $20,000 at the start of the loan, but with a 5% origination fee built into the loan, the personal loan principal (the amount you have to pay back) is $21,000.
Recommended: Where to Get a Personal Loan
How to Compare Loan Terms
No matter what you plan to use a personal loan for, it’s wise to comparison-shop carefully. Simply because one loan comes with an origination fee and another one doesn’t, that doesn’t mean you should go with the fee-free option. In fact, in the long run, a personal loan with an origination fee could be cheaper. Here’s how to find the best personal loan offer for you:
1. Shop Around
First and foremost, it’s a good idea to get quotes from multiple lenders. Most lenders allow you to get prequalified online, without impacting your credit score. Having a handful of offers allows you to weigh your options and make an informed decision.
2. Compare APRs
It can be tempting to see that one loan has a high origination fee, one has a moderate fee, and one has no fee at all — and simply choose the loan without the fee. However, origination fees are a part of a loan’s APR, which also includes the interest rate and gives you a better idea of the true cost of the loan.
To truly compare apples to apples, focusing on APR is your best bet.
3. Think about Loan Length
Shorter loan terms tend to have lower interest rates, but because you’re paying off the loan in a shorter amount of time, monthly payments will be higher. Conversely, you may find a lower monthly payment with an extended term, but then you’ll likely be paying more interest over the life of the loan.
It’s a good idea to play around with each loan you’re considering to see how various loan lengths will affect your monthly payments and the total amount you’ll spend over the life of the loan.
Other Types of Loan Fees
Origination fees may be the most common type of personal loan fee we consider, but there are other fees to review in the terms and conditions from a lender before signing on the dotted line. These fees may include:
• Prepayment penalties: Some lenders charge you for paying off the loan early. Why? When you pay it off early, the lender makes less money from interest, so it’s in their best interest to keep the loan active as long as possible. Many lenders, however, do not charge prepayment penalties, so shop around.
• Late fees: You have a monthly obligation to make your fixed payment on a personal loan. Just as with credit cards and student loans, you may be charged a late fee if you miss your payment date.
• Monthly service fee: Some lenders charge a service or payment processing fee, depending on how you pay each month.
The Takeaway
While the thought of paying fees on top of interest when borrowing money can be overwhelming, personal loan origination fees aren’t always a bad thing. In fact, many lenders with origination fees can offer you lower interest rates, meaning you may spend less money in the long run by choosing a personal loan with an origination fee. Experts suggest comparing multiple loans and their APRs, which reflect the total cost of the loan, to get a better idea of the right loan for you. That can help you answer the question, “Should I pay a loan fee?” by focusing on the big-picture cost of your loan.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.
Photo credit: iStock/milorad kravic
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
When it comes to picking a new credit card, there’s one detail you should not overlook: the card’s annual percentage rate, or APR. This represents the rate lenders charge to borrow, including fees and interest. But credit cards don’t have one single rate, and it may be hard to evaluate what’s a good deal and what isn’t.
In general, a good APR is one that’s below the current average interest rate, which is 21.47%, according to the latest data from the Federal Reserve at the start of 2024. However, what’s a good APR will also depend on the type of credit card, the various rates that could be assessed, and your own creditworthiness. This guide will take you through the details.
What Is an Annual Percentage Rate (APR)?
The APR on a credit card represents the total cost of the loan expressed in annual terms. A credit card’s APR includes the interest rate as well as any fees, including for late payments, foreign transactions, or returned payments.
Taking these fees into account when applying for a credit card helps to provide a fuller picture of what the loan may actually cost over its lifetime.
Keep in mind that APR is distinct from interest rate, which is simply the additional cost of borrowing money. Like APR, interest rate is typically expressed as a percentage of the principal. However, when looking at the average credit card interest rate vs. the average APR, you’re not comparing apples to apples.
For example, if a consumer takes out a $1,000 loan with a 10% simple interest rate and a one-year term, they will pay $1,100 over the lifetime of the loan — the principal $1,000 plus interest of $100.
While this example is extremely simplified, it’s helpful in demonstrating the difference between a simple interest rate and a not-so-simple APR calculation. If the consumer calculates the cost of the same $1,000 loan, considering the various fees that go into the APR, the number will likely be higher than the stated interest rate.
How Is APR Determined?
Knowing how APR is determined is an important part of understanding how credit cards work. A credit card’s APR is largely determined based on an individual’s financial specifics when they open the account.
• The lender will look at the person’s credit score and credit history, as well as factors like their payment history and debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, which represents how much of an individual’s gross income is already going toward debt payments. In general, someone with a good payment history and credit score and a lower DTI ratio will qualify for a better APR.
• However, APR isn’t only based on a borrower’s creditworthiness. Lenders will also take into account the current US prime rate, which is used to set rates on consumer loan products. Typically, a lender will take this rate and then bump it up a bit to minimize risk and increase profits.
• Lastly, APR will vary based on the type of credit card. If you know what a credit card is, you’ll know all credit cards aren’t created equal. For instance, a credit card that offers lucrative rewards (like travel points or cash back) will generally have a higher APR than a more basic card.
When It Matters to Look at APR
If a consumer is comparing two similar loan or credit card offers, they may want to also look at the offer’s APR.
Let’s say a person has two loan offers. Each is a $1,000 loan with an interest rate of 10%. With just that information to compare the two, they seem equal to each other. A little more digging, though, will uncover that Offer A has a $100 origination fee while Offer B only has a $50 origination fee — both of which could be calculated and accounted for in the offer’s APR.
With credit cards, it could be that two cards have the same interest rate, but Card A has no late payment fees, while Card B carries a 20% late payment fee, making its APR potentially higher.
When it comes to APR, the devil really is in the details. And reading the fine print can reveal that the APR could make a difference to your credit card balance and debt management.
Types of Credit Card APR
To further complicate the answer to the question of what’s a good APR for a credit card, it’s important to understand that credit cards have different types of APR. The main one you’re probably going to want to consider when considering your total cost of borrowing is the purchase APR. However, if you’re planning to take out a cash advance or do a balance transfer, you’ll want to look at those APRs as well.
Introductory APR or Promotional APR
Sometimes, cards will offer a lower (or even 0%) APR to new customers for a limited time after they open the account. This APR can apply to purchases or to balance transfers. Introductory or promotional APRs must last at least six months, but they can be longer, too. Once this period is up, the regular APR kicks in.
Purchase APR
The purchase APR is the rate that applies when you use your credit card to make a purchase and then carry a balance into the next billing cycle, perhaps only making the credit card minimum payment. This is the most commonly discussed type of APR, and the main one you’ll want to look out for when comparing credit cards.
Cash Advance APR
A cash advance APR applies if you withdraw money from an ATM or bank using a credit card. Unlike your purchase APR, this APR doesn’t have a grace period, meaning interest starts accruing immediately. Additionally, cash advance APRs tend to be on the higher side.
Penalty APR
If you fail to make your payments on time, the penalty APR will kick in, driving up your card’s previous APR to one that’s often much higher. This is why it’s always important to make your credit card payments on-time — even if you’re in the midst of disputing a credit card charge, for instance.
Balance Transfer APR
A balance transfer APR will apply when you transfer any balances from other cards onto your credit card account. Often, this APR is comparable to the purchase APR, though this can vary depending on the credit card company.
How to Evaluate and Compare APRs
To get a sense of a credit card’s APR, follow these steps:
• First take a look at a card’s purchase APR range, and compare that to other credit cards. For a fair comparison, make sure to look at the same type of credit card. (For example, only compare travel rewards cards to other travel rewards cards, or a credit-building card to another credit-building card.)
• Then, get into the nitty-gritty and look at the APR for different types of transactions. Even one credit card can have varying APRs on different transactions. For example, a card may have a different APR on late payment penalties than it does for balance transfers or cash advances.
• Evaluate each APR and compare those to any other offer you may have in front of you to ensure you pick the most competitive option. It’s a good idea to attempt to seek out the lowest rate possible for your financial situation. That way, you can feel confident using your credit card for what you need to use it for — which might include paying taxes with a credit card.
Low vs High APR Credit Cards
As you’re evaluating credit card APRs, it’s important to keep in mind that some credit cards tend to have higher APRs than others. For example, rewards credit cards generally have higher APRs, but provide value through perks, discounts, points, or other benefits.
On the other hand, many low-interest cards come with fewer perks. But again, these cards can save someone money in the long run if they need to carry a balance from, say, covering a large purchase at an establishment that accepts credit card payments.
Low-interest cards also tend to be reserved for those with higher than average credit scores, so they may be harder to qualify for with lower credit.
What Is a Good APR for a Credit Card?
According to the Federal Reserve, the U. national average credit card APR was 21.47% in December 2023. It’s reasonable to assume that an APR at or below the national average is considered “good.”
That said, qualifying for a “good” APR may hinge on a consumer’s credit score. For instance, someone with a below-average credit score may have a different definition of a good APR for a credit card compared to someone whose score is excellent.
APR and interest rates also change alongside federal interest rates changes. Because of this, it’s important for consumers to find the most recent data available on average credit card APR to ensure they aren’t relying on out-of-date information to inform their decision.
How to Avoid Paying APR
The APR a person qualifies for typically depends on their individual credit score. This means that those with credit scores on the higher end of the scale might qualify for lower APRs. If a consumer has a lower credit score, that doesn’t mean they’re totally out of luck, but they might be offered the same card at a higher APR.
However, there are a few ways a person can improve their chances of qualifying for a lower APR, and that starts by doing the work to build one’s credit score.
Tips for Qualifying for a Better APR
The APR a person qualifies for typically depends on their individual credit score. This means that those with credit scores on the higher end of the scale might qualify for lower APRs. If a consumer has a lower credit score, that doesn’t mean they’re totally out of luck, but they might be offered the same card at a higher APR.
However, there are a few ways a person can improve their chances of qualifying for a lower APR, and that starts by doing the work to improve their credit score.
• One step is to check your credit report regularly for accuracy. US federal law allows consumers to get one free credit report annually from each of the three credit reporting agencies. Look out for any incorrect or suspicious charges. Even if you’d thought you’d resolved an issue related to a credit card skimmer, for instance, you’ll want to make sure those charges aren’t affecting your credit report in any way.
• You can build your personal credit scores by making debt payments on time and trying to use only 30% of your available credit limit at any given time. Payment history accounts for 35% of the total credit score, and credit utilization — how much of a person’s total credit is being used at a given time — accounts for 30% of the total credit score.
Repairing a poor credit score can take some time, but it’s worth the work.
The Takeaway
Currently, the average credit card APR is 21.47%, and anything below that could be considered a good rate. However, when it comes to what is a good APR for a credit card, the answer is that it depends on a variety of factors. It will also depend on your credit scores and history as well as what type of credit cards and rewards you’re looking for. When you do get a credit card, it’s important to use it wisely so that you don’t wind up getting charged higher penalty rates.
Whether you’re looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it’s important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.
FAQ
What is a bad APR rate?
A bad APR for a credit card is generally one that’s well above the current national average credit card rate. APR for a credit card can vary widely, with some offering APRs as high as a whopping 36%.
What APR will I get with a 700 credit score?
A credit score of 700 is considered in the good range. It’s likely you could qualify for an APR around the average, though of course this will also depend on other factors, including the type of card and the current prime rate.
Does the interest rate on my credit card change?
Your credit card company can increase your interest rate. However, they are not permitted to do so within the first year of opening the account. Additionally, they must give you notice at least 45 days in advance.
What other financial products have an APR?
Many different types of lending products have APR. Beyond credit cards, this can include mortgages, car loans, and personal loans.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
The allure of a quick loan can be hard to resist when there is a pressing need for immediate cash. The amount of money needed might not be a lot, but it’s needed quickly. Looking for that small loan, though, might lead to lenders who might charge high interest rates and offer loan terms that are difficult to meet.
This is called predatory lending, and it works in the best interest of the lender, not the borrower.
When you know what to look for in a reputable lender, however, it becomes easier to avoid becoming a victim of predatory lending practices.
Guide to Predatory Loans and Avoiding Them
Information and education are a consumer’s best friends when looking for any type of loan. For small loans that seem only to be available through lenders that seem less-than reputable, those two things become even more important.
One piece of information that is important when looking for a loan is knowing what your credit report contains. Consumers can access their credit reports at no charge through AAnnualCreditReport.com. Personally identifiable information, such as your name, current and previous addresses, and your Social Security number, are easy to verify.
Making sure other items on your credit report are accurate is also important because this information is used by lenders to assess your creditworthiness. Lenders want to know how many credit cards and loans you have, if you make your debt payments on time, and other factors.
When you have a picture of your overall creditworthiness, it’s time to find a reputable lender to work with. It’s a good idea to compare several lenders to find one you feel comfortable working with and is a good match for your financial needs. 💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. One question can save you many dollars.
What Is Predatory Lending?
Predatory lending often targets consumers with poor credit, no credit, low incomes, lack of education, and for other unfair and discriminatory reasons.
Lenders who offer financial products that are typically considered predatory loans do not have the best interest of their clients in mind — their goal is to make a profit at the expense of their client, even if that means engaging in misleading tactics.
Predatory lending may often mean a short-term, high-interest loan that a borrower might have difficulty repaying, potentially leading to a cycle of debt.
Recommended: What to Know Before You Borrow Money Online
Predatory Lending Tactics and Practices
Reputable lenders are likely to be transparent about their interest rates, loan terms, and any fees they might charge, such as a personal loan origination fee or prepayment penalties.
Those engaging in predatory lending, however, may not be as transparent. They may try to hide important details about a loan and steer an applicant toward a loan they may not be able to afford.
To make sure a lender is not engaging in predatory lending practices, here’s a look at some things to avoid.
• An unlicensed lender: A reputable lender will be licensed in the state they are doing business in and will be expected to uphold certain professional standards set by the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System (NMLS)®. Consumers can look up the license status of individual and institutional lenders through NMLS Consumer Access℠ .
• Rushing during the loan process: If you feel like a lender is hurrying you along without addressing your questions or concerns, you might wonder if they’re trying to hide some details about the loan terms or trying to approve you for a loan you might not be able to afford. A reputable lender will take the time to make sure you understand the documents you’re signing at the loan closing and that the loan works for your financial needs.
• High interest rates and fees: A lender who offers only a high interest rate, one you don’t feel you can afford, probably doesn’t have your best interests in mind. Doing some research on typical interest rates available for your credit score and common fees charged — and comparing lenders who work within those parameters — is a good way to filter out predatory lenders.
• Overpromising: A lender who tells you they can approve you for a loan regardless of your credit history is likely promising something they won’t be able to deliver on. Lenders typically have thresholds at which they are willing to loan money, outside of which they may decline an applicant.
Recommended: What Is Considered a Bad Credit Score?
Common Types of Predatory Loans
Three common predatory lending examples are payday loans, auto (or title) loans, and subprime mortgages.
Payday loans may come to mind when thinking of predatory loan examples. These types of loans target those who are looking for quick cash and may not think they will qualify for anything else.
Often short-term loans for small amounts, typically $100 to $1,000, payday loans are generally meant to be repaid with the borrower’s next paycheck. They are typically unsecured loans and often have high interest rates. A payday lender may refer to a “fee per $100 loaned” instead of disclosing the annual percentage rate (APR). This tactic hides the extremely high APR that is typical for a payday loan — on average, 400% APR, but can be much higher.
Similar to payday loans, auto title loans are an example of a predatory loan that is often made to an applicant who cannot qualify for a more mainstream loan. The borrower’s vehicle is used as collateral against the loan, with the borrower signing the title over to the lender. If the loan is not repaid, the lender keeps the title and has ownership of the vehicle.
Subprime mortgages are another predatory lending example.
This is a type of mortgage made to a borrower who may not be able to qualify for a conventional mortgage based on the prime rate. Because the lender may perceive this borrower as an increased lending risk, they may offer an interest rate higher than that of a prime mortgage to offset this risk.
What Are Good Lending Practices?
A reputable lender will work with you to find the loan option that best meets your financial needs. That’s not to say it won’t be beneficial to them, but it will be good for both lender and borrower. Just as there are some ways to identify predatory lending, there are ways to identify a lender that does business in an honest manner.
• Licensed lender. Reputable lenders typically display their lending license for potential clients to see. If you’re meeting with a lender in their office, you may see their license framed and displayed on a wall. If you’re working with an online lender, look for their license information on their website. It might be on their About page, Legal page, or FAQ page.
• Answering your questions. When you have questions about a lender’s loan options, terminology in the loan agreement, or general lending questions, a reputable lender will take the time to answer them and help you understand the process.
• Competitive interest rates. Generally, lenders offer a range of rates based on the creditworthiness of each applicant. But they will be competitive with other lenders making the same types of loans.
• Realistic offers. A lender that has your best interest in mind will do what they can to approve you for a loan that you can afford, not one that you will be at risk of defaulting on. A happy client could mean referrals to other potential clients, and that is generally something a lender strives for.
💡 Quick Tip: Just as there are no free lunches, there are no guaranteed loans. So beware lenders who advertise them. If they are legitimate, they need to know your creditworthiness before offering you a loan.
What Can Be Done if You Are a Victim of a Predatory Loan?
One of the first things you can do if you believe you’re a victim of predatory lending is submit a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The bureau will send the complaint to the lending company and work to resolve the issue. The lending company communicates with both the client and the CFPB about the complaint, generally within 15 days with a final response in 60 days.
All complaints submitted to the CFPB are logged in the public Consumer Complaint Database, which can be a good place to check when comparing lenders you’re considering doing business with.
Personal Loans as an Alternative to Predatory Loans
When you need to borrow money quickly, a predatory loan like a payday loan may not be your only option. Lenders offering personal loans are fairly easy to find in today’s marketplace, and many of them are online lenders, which can make the process more streamlined.
If you’re considering a loan as a method to build your credit, a payday loan may not be the right financial tool. Many payday lenders don’t check an applicant’s credit report when making the loan, nor do they report payments to the credit bureaus. Essentially, even if you make regular, on-time payments, your credit score will not benefit from your diligence.
A reputable personal loan lender, however, will check an applicant’s credit report during the loan approval process and report payments to the credit bureaus. In this case, making regular, timely payments can have a positive affect on your credit profile — and not doing so can have a negative affect.
Recommended: Typical Personal Loan Requirements Needed for Approval
Are Smaller, Short-Term Loans the Same as Predatory Loans?
There are reputable lenders that offer short-term loans for small amounts of money. Predatory lenders will exploit a person’s need for quick cash by trying to trick them into an unfair loan agreement they can’t afford. A reputable lender, on the other hand, will work with you to get a loan for the amount of money you need and that you can afford.
Some lenders do have minimum amounts they will lend, sometimes $3,000 or $5,000. If you don’t need this much money, you’d be better off looking at other lenders. There are lenders that will lend smaller amounts, though — even less than $1,000.
What is the Smartest Way to Get a $5,000 Loan?
A smart way to find a $5,000 unsecured personal loan is to compare interest rates and fees of lenders who loan small amounts. This is easily done through an online personal loan comparison site or by calling a few different lenders. It probably won’t be too difficult to find multiple lenders to compare, as $5,000 is a fairly common personal loan amount.
A good first place to consider is your current bank or credit union. They may offer rate or fee discounts for current customers.
Online lenders may have shorter loan processing times, so if you need the money quickly, that could be a good choice.
Comparing lenders, however, is the smartest thing you can do when you’re looking for a loan.
The Takeaway
There are times in life when a quick infusion of cash is needed to help deal with a financial emergency or other need. To avoid falling victim to predatory lending, it’s a good idea to step back and take some time to compare lenders. Getting a loan from the closest payday lender on the block will likely mean paying extremely high interest rates and fees, and difficulty paying off the loan in a short amount of time.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.
FAQ
Is predatory lending a crime?
Many states have enacted anti-predatory lending laws. Some states have completely outlawed payday lending, while others have placed caps on the amount lenders can charge. However, many violations go unpunished because consumers aren’t aware of their rights.
What are the most common predatory loans?
The most common types of predatory loans include payday loans, car title loans, and subprime mortgages.
What APR is considered predatory?
Predatory loans generally have interest rates in the triple digits. Loans with annual percentage rates (APRs) no higher than 36% are considered affordable loans.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.
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There’s no question that inflation has cooled significantly compared to mid-2022 when the inflation rate hovered above 9%. However, we aren’t back to normal just yet. At 3.2%, today’s inflation rate is still well above the Fed’s target rate of 2%, resulting in the Federal Reserve’s benchmark rate remaining paused at a 23-year high. In turn, borrowers now face elevated interest rates on everything from credit cards to mortgage loans — especially compared to the rates that were offered in 2020 and 2021.
But the good news is that mortgage rates, in particular, have declined slightly over the last few months, making it more affordable to borrow money for a home. And, as the spring homebuying season kicks into high gear, many prospective buyers are starting the pre-approval process to secure a mortgage loan.
Finding the right mortgage loan goes beyond just getting the best mortgage rate, though. It’s also critical that you understand all the details, fees and requirements from your lender so you can make the best decision possible for your money. And that starts by asking some important questions.
Explore your top mortgage loan options online now.
10 important mortgage loan questions to ask this spring
If you want to make an informed decision on your mortgage loan this spring, here are 10 crucial questions you should ask your mortgage lender:
What are the current mortgage rates and fees?
It’s crucial to get a clear picture of the interest rate you qualify for and understand all the lender fees involved in the transaction. As part of this process, be sure to ask about the mortgage loan’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes the interest rate plus other costs. And, given that today’s mortgage rates are hovering near 7%, don’t forget to inquire about discount points to buy down the rate.
Find the best mortgage loan rates you could qualify for today.
What are the different loan program options?
There are various mortgage products to choose from. For example, your lender may offer you conventional or jumbo mortgage loan options as well as government-backed mortgage loans, like Federal Housing Administration (FHA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loans.
Each type of mortgage loan has pros and cons to consider, and your lender should explain the differences and qualifications for each. That way, you can choose the right fit based on your down payment amount, credit score and financial situation.
What is the required down payment minimum?
Down payment requirements can vary across mortgage loan programs, and depending on the amount of money you have to put down on the home, one mortgage loan could make more sense over another. So, be sure to find the minimum down payment percentages for each type of loan you’re considering, as well as the benefits of putting down a higher amount to avoid mortgage insurance.
You may also want to ask if you’re eligible for any down payment assistance programs, as these programs may be available for certain types of buyers or mortgage loans.
How much home can I afford?
Your lender will pre-approve you for a maximum mortgage loan amount based on your income, debts and credit. However, it’s important to understand that the amount you’re approved for is the maximum, and you need to know what monthly payment you can realistically afford.
With that in mind, be sure to ask your lender to run different home price scenarios with estimated payments to ensure that you’re comfortable with the potential costs each month and that they align with what you have budgeted for your mortgage payments.
What documentation is required?
Your lender will need various documentation, from tax returns and pay stubs to bank statements and gift letters, to verify your income, assets and other information that’s required to approve you for your mortgage loan. It can be helpful to get a full checklist of required paperwork so you can prepare in advance, helping to expedite the pre-approval process (and ultimately the loan approval process).
How long is the mortgage pre-approval valid?
Pre-approvals typically have an expiration date, which can vary by lender, but are often between 60 and 90 days. Ask your lender how long your mortgage loan preapproval is valid for and find out what the process is to get re-approved if your home search takes longer just in case there are issues with finding the right home in that time frame.
What are the estimated closing costs?
In addition to your down payment, you’ll need to pay closing costs, which can vary by lender, but typically amount to 2% to 5% of the home’s purchase price. Be sure to request a fee worksheet or estimate from your lender to understand this significant upfront expense.
And, in some cases, you may be able to negotiate with your lender to lower some of these closing costs and fees. Knowing what these costs are as you compare your loan and lender options can be useful as you determine whether it would be worth it to do so.
What is the rate lock period?
A mortgage rate lock guarantees that your quoted interest rate won’t increase for a set period, which is often between 30 and 60 days. As you navigate the mortgage lending process, be sure to find out the lender’s lock periods and associated fees in case you need an extended rate lock.
What are the steps after pre-approval?
Having clarity on the next steps after pre-approval is an important component of ensuring the mortgage lending process is a success. So, be sure to ask your lender about the typical timeline for what happens after pre-approval. That way you know how long you have to shop for homes, the timeline for having a home under contract, when you need to secure the appraisal and the estimated time it will take for the underwriting processes to get the final approval.
Are there any prepayment penalties?
These days, it’s rare for lenders to charge mortgage prepayment penalties. However, it’s still important to confirm there are no fees if you pay off your loan early or refinance down the road, so be sure to ask this question of your lender.
The bottom line
The mortgage process can be daunting, especially in today’s high-rate environment, but being an informed borrower is half the battle. So, as you navigate the mortgage lending process, don’t hesitate to ask your lender plenty of questions, as this will likely be one of the biggest financial decisions you’ll make. That’s why an experienced, communicative lender is key to making the right mortgage choice this spring homebuying season.
Angelica Leicht
Angelica Leicht is senior editor for CBS’ Moneywatch: Managing Your Money, where she writes and edits articles on a range of personal finance topics. Angelica previously held editing roles at The Simple Dollar, Interest, HousingWire and other financial publications.
Having a list of mortgage questions to ask potential lenders is just the start. Knowing the answers you’re looking for puts you ahead of the game.
1. Which type of mortgage is best for me?
This question will help you determine whether you’re talking to a salesperson or a quality advisor. When you ask, “What are my options?” for each type of loan discussed, the mortgage lender should tell you the pros and the cons in light of your situation.
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2. How much down payment will I need?
A 20% down payment is every lender’s ideal, but it’s not always required. Qualified buyers can find mortgages with as little as 3% down, or even no down payment. Again, there are considerations for every down payment option. The best lenders will take the time to walk you through the choices.
3. Do I qualify for any down payment assistance programs?
If you’re interested in local, state and national down payment assistance programs, lenders with knowledge of them — and the wherewithal to help you navigate the process — are well worth the hunt.
4. What is my interest rate?
You probably already planned to ask this mortgage question. It’s the one benchmark we all understand. Or do we? Lenders can move the needle on your mortgage interest rate a number of ways, most of them involving additional fees.
But after talking to at least a couple of lenders, you’ll get an idea of a ballpark interest rate you’ll qualify for. Let’s say it’s 6%. We’ll call that your payment interest rate because that’s what your monthly mortgage payment will be based on.
Knowing that, you’ll move on to the next — and very important — question, about the annual percentage rate, or APR.
By the way, if you’re considering an adjustable-rate mortgage rather than a fixed-rate loan, you’ll want to ask: How often is the payment interest rate adjusted? What is the maximum annual adjustment? What is the highest cap on the rate?
5. What is the annual percentage rate?
Now that you have an idea of what your payment rate will be, it’s time to find out what your annual percentage rate is. The difference between the two? The APR incorporates all of the embedded fees of the loan.
Ask your lender if any discount points are included in your APR. To make an apples-to-apples comparison among lenders, the answer you’re looking for is “No.” You can always decide later to buy discount points, which are extra fees you pay upfront to lower your interest rate.
When you have zero-discount-point APRs from competing lenders, you can see who has the lowest fees for the same payment rate.
In our example of receiving a 6% payment rate, you’re looking for the lowest APR based on that payment rate. Maybe one lender offers you a 6.25% APR, and another a 6.5% APR. The 6.25% APR lender is charging you fewer fees.
A higher APR isn’t always a bad thing.
Say you’re buying your “forever home.” If you buy discount points to lower your payment rate, you’ll have a higher APR. But after some years, you’ll make up for the additional fees by paying less in interest thanks to that lower payment rate.
6. Are you doing a hard credit check on me today?
It’s always good to know when the lender is going to perform a “hard” credit check, called a “hard inquiry.” That type of payment history inquiry shows up on your credit report. Lenders need to do this to give you a firm interest rate quote.
When you’re shopping more than one lender, you’ll want these hard credit pulls to occur within a short period of time — say within a few weeks or so — to minimize the impact on your credit score.
7. Do you charge for an interest rate lock?
Once you’ve decided on a lender, you may want to lock in your interest rate. This ensures that it doesn’t go up — though it won’t go down, either.
Some lenders charge a fee to lock in your rate. Others don’t — but the cost might be rolled into your interest rate and other lender fees. The answer you’re looking for on a typical home loan (not a construction loan) is: There’s no charge for an interest rate lock.
8. Will I have to pay mortgage insurance?
If you put down less than 20% on a conventional loan, the answer will probably be “Yes.” Mortgage insurance on government-backed loans works differently. For example, read more about FHA mortgage insurance.
Even if the mortgage insurance is “lender paid,” it’s likely passed on as a cost built into your mortgage payment, which increases your rate and monthly payment. You’ll want to know just how much mortgage insurance will cost and if it’s an upfront or ongoing charge, or both.
Then, ask the lender what your options are. The answer may be just, “Make a bigger down payment.”
Or you may find there are other loan programs that you might qualify for that don’t require mortgage insurance.
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9. What will my monthly payment be?
You’ve probably asked this question already. But knowing what your monthly mortgage payment will be is kind of key to the whole deal, right? You’ll also want to ask if there is any prepayment penalty if you pay off the mortgage early — for instance, if you sell your home or refinance. The answer should be “No.”
10. Do you have an origination fee?
An origination fee provides additional profit for the lender beyond what’s built into the interest rate. A good follow-up question: What are all of your lender fees? Be sure to specify “lender fees.” They’ll know what you mean because there are other additional costs, which you’ll ask about next.
These costs will be detailed in your official Loan Estimate document and your Closing Disclosure. But the sooner you know what they are, the better you can shop, compare — and prepare — for them.
11. What other costs will I pay at closing?
Fees charged by third parties, such as for an appraisal, a title search, property taxes and other closing costs, are paid at the loan signing. You can also see these costs in your Loan Estimate and Closing Disclosure.
12. How — and how often — will I be updated on the loan’s progress?
Will you have a single point of contact throughout the mortgage loan process? And how will you be updated on the progress: by email, phone or an online portal? Establishing your service expectations upfront, and seeing just how eager the lender is to meet them, will give a clear point of comparison among lenders.
13. Do I have to sign all the paperwork in person?
A mortgage e-closing is likely to proceed faster than a traditional mortgage closing, and you’ll probably be better informed about what’s happening every step of the way.
One other benefit of e-closings: Electronic documents can’t be submitted with a missing signature. On a paper document, a missing signature might not be detected immediately, causing headaches and delays.
14. How long until my loan closes?
Of course, you want to know what your target closing and move-in dates are so you can make preparations. And just as important: Ask what you should avoid doing in the meantime — like buying new furniture on credit and other loan-busting behavior.
Average mortgage rates edged higher yesterday. Unfortunately, it was the sixth consecutive business day on which they’ve risen.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might barely move. However, these early mini-trends frequently alter speed or direction as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.15%
7.17%
Unchanged
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.57%
6.61%
-0.04
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.16%
7.19%
+0.02
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.63%
6.66%
-0.05
30-year fixed FHA
6.51%
7.19%
Unchanged
30-year fixed VA
6.61%
6.72%
-0.03
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.3%
7.39%
Unchanged
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Tomorrow’s Federal Reserve events (see below) could make a big difference to mortgage rates in the near and medium terms. But, right now, I’m pessimistic about our seeing a sustained downward trend until the summer. And some wonder if the fall might be a more realistic timeframe.
So, for now, my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes held steady again at 4.32%. (Neutral for mortgage rates. However, yields were rising this morning.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were mixed this morning. (Neutral for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices increased to $83.18 from $81.35 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices inched down to $2,156 from $2,159 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — dropped to 69 from 75 out of 100. (Good for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to hold close to steady. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Tomorrow
I covered yesterday the three Federal Reserve events due early tomorrow afternoon:
2 p.m. Eastern — Rate announcement and report publications
2 p.m. Eastern — Summary of Economic Projects publication. This occurs only quarterly and includes a dot plot
I’ll brief you more fully on those tomorrow morning. That way you’ll know what to look out for before it’s too late to act.
Personally, I’m not very hopeful about the impact of the Fed’s events on mortgage rates. Of course, I can’t be sure what they’ll bring. But recent economic data has likely reinforced the central bank’s natural caution. And I suspect that it may signal later and fewer cuts in general interest rates this year than markets have been expecting.
If I’m right, that could be seriously bad for mortgage rates. So, let’s hope I’m wrong.
Today and later in the week
I’ll be surprised if today’s economic reports move mortgage rates much. They cover February’s housing starts and building permits. It’s not that those data are unimportant. However, they rarely attract the attention of the investors who largely determine mortgage rates.
We have to wait until Thursday for a couple of reports that sometimes affect mortgage rates. They’re two March purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) from S&P. One is for the services sector and the other covers manufacturing. I’ll brief you on those tomorrow morning.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Mar. 14 report put that same weekly average at 6.74% down from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Feb. 12 and the MBA’s on Feb. 20.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.5%
6.3%
6.1%
5.9%
MBA
6.9%
6.6%
6.3%
6.1%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
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Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
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Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
Editor’s Note: Parts of this story were auto-populated using data from Curinos, a mortgage research firm that collects data from more than 250 lenders. For more details on how we compile daily mortgage data, check out our methodology here.
Mortgage rates continue to hover around 7%, according to data from Curinos analyzed by MarketWatch Guides. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is 7.38% today, up+0.18 percentage points from last week.
In response to lower rates, mortgage applications rose for the first time in six weeks, according to data released by Freddie Mac on Thursday. A Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) report published Wednesday showed that the volume of FHA loans strongly increased for the previous week, an indicator that first-time home buyers are getting back into the market – a potentially optimistic sign for the spring buying season.
Another potential good omen: Former Federal Reserve official James Bullard said he thinks the likelihood of another rate cut in the near future is strong, given the announcement in February’s job report that the unemployment rate has risen slightly. The Federal Reserve board will meet again next week.
Here are today’s average mortgage rates:
30-year fixed mortgage rate: 7.38%
15-year fixed mortgage rate: 6.69%
5/6 ARM mortgage rate: 7.05%
Jumbo mortgage rate: 7.19%
Current Mortgage Rates
Product
Rate
Last Week
Change
30-Year Fixed Rate
7.38%
7.20%
+0.18
15-Year Fixed Rate
6.69%
6.54%
+0.15
5/6 ARM
7.05%
6.92%
+0.13
7/6 ARM
7.26%
7.08%
+0.18
10/6 ARM
7.30%
7.16%
+0.14
30-Year Fixed Rate Jumbo
7.19%
7.05%
+0.14
30-Year Fixed Rate FHA
7.12%
6.94%
+0.18
30-Year Fixed Rate VA
7.14%
6.97%
+0.17
Disclaimer: The rates above are based on data from Curinos, LLC. All rate data is accurate as of Tuesday, March 19, 2024. Actual rates may vary.
>> View historical mortgage rate trends
Mortgage Rates for Home Purchase
30-year fixed-rate mortgages are up, +0.18
The average 30-year fixed-mortgage rate is 7.38%. Since the same time last week, the rate is up, changing +0.18 percentage points.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $691.02 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. You’re paying more compared to last week when the average rate was 7.20%.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages are up, +0.15
The average rate you’ll pay for a 15-year fixed-mortgage is 6.69%, an increase of+0.15 percentage points compared to last week.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed-mortgage at a rate of 6.69% will cost approximately $881.59 per $100,000 borrowed. With the rate of 6.54% last week, you would’ve paid $873.31 per month.
5/6 adjustable-rate mortgages are up, +0.13
The average rate on a 5/6 adjustable rate mortgage is 7.05%, an increase of+0.13 percentage points over the last seven days.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, commonly referred to as ARMs, are mortgages with a fixed interest rate for a set period of time followed by a rate that adjusts on a regular basis. With a 5/6 ARM, the rate is fixed for the first 5 years and then adjusts every six months over the next 25 years.
Monthly payments on a 5/6 ARM at a rate of 7.05% will cost approximately $668.66 per $100,000 borrowed over the first 5 years of the loan.
Jumbo loan interest rates are up, +0.14
The average jumbo mortgage rate today is 7.19%, an increase of+0.14 percentage points over the past week.
Jumbo loans are mortgages that exceed loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and funding criteria of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. This generally means that the amount of money borrowed is higher than $726,200.
Product
Monthly P&I per $100,000
Last Week
Change
30-Year Fixed Rate
$691.02
$678.79
+$12.23
15-Year Fixed Rate
$881.59
$873.31
+$8.28
5/6 ARM
$668.66
$659.94
+$8.72
7/6 ARM
$682.85
$670.68
+$12.17
10/6 ARM
$685.57
$676.08
+$9.49
30-Year Fixed Rate Jumbo
$678.11
$668.66
+$9.45
30-Year Fixed Rate FHA
$673.38
$661.28
+$12.10
30-Year Fixed Rate VA
$674.73
$663.29
+$11.44
Note: Monthly payments on adjustable-rate mortgages are shown for the first five, seven and 10 years of the loan, respectively.
Factors That Affect Your Mortgage Rate
Mortgage rates change frequently based on the economic environment. Inflation, the federal funds rate, housing market conditions and other factors all play into how rates move from week-to-week and month-to-month.
But outside of macroeconomic trends, several other factors specific to the borrower will affect the mortgage interest rate. They include:
Financial situation: Mortgage lenders use past financial decisions of borrowers as a way to evaluate the risk of loaning money.
Loan amount and structure: The amount of money that bank or mortgage lender loans and its structure (including both the term and whether its a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate).
Location: Mortgage rates vary by where you are buying a home. Areas with more lenders, and thus more competition, may have lower rates. Foreclosure laws can also impact a lender’s risk, affecting rates.
Whether borrowers are first-time homebuyers: Oftentimes first-time homebuyer programs will offer new homeowners lower rates.
Lenders: Banks, credit unions and online lenders all may offer slightly different rates depending on their internal determination.
How To Shop for the Best Mortgage Rate
Comparison shopping for a mortgage can be overwhelming, but it’s shown to be worth the effort. Homeowners may be able to save between $600 and $1,200 annually by shopping around for the best rate, researchers found in a recent study by Freddie Mac. That’s why we put together steps on how to shop for the best mortgage rate.
1. Check credit scores and credit reports
A borrower’s credit situation will likely determine the type of mortgage they can pursue, as well as their rate. Conventional loans are typically only offered to borrowers with a credit score of 620 or higher, while FHA loans may be the best option for borrowers with a FICO score between 500 and 619. Additionally, individuals with higher credit scores are more likely to be offered a lower mortgage interest rate.
Mortgage lenders often review scores from the three major credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. By viewing your scores ahead of lenders considering you for a loan, you can check for errors and even work to improve your score by paying down balances and limiting new credit cards and loans.
2. Know the options
There are four standard mortgage programs: conventional, FHA, VA and USDA. To get the best mortgage rate and increase your odds of approval, it’s important for potential borrowers to do their research and apply for the mortgage program that best fits their financial situation.
The table below describes each program, highlighting minimum credit score and down payment requirements.
Though conventional mortgages are most common, borrowers will also need to consider their repayment plan and term. Rates can be either fixed or adjustable and terms can range from 10 to 30 years, though most homeowners opt for a 15- or 30-year mortgage.
3. Compare quotes across multiple lenders
Shopping around for a mortgage goes beyond comparing rates online. We recommend reaching out to lenders directly to see the “real” rate as figures listed online may not be representative of a borrower’s particular situation. While most experts recommend getting quotes from three to five lenders, there is no limit on the number of mortgage companies you can apply with. In many cases, lenders will allow borrowers to prequalify for a mortgage and receive a tentative loan offer with no impact to their credit score.
After gathering your loan documents – including proof of income, assets and credit – borrowers may also apply for pre-approval. Pre-approval will let them know where they stand with lenders and may also improve negotiating power with home sellers.
4. Review loan estimates
To fully understand which lender is offering the cheapest loan overall, take a look at the loan estimate provided by each lender. A loan estimate will list not only the mortgage rate, but also a borrower’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes the interest rate and other lender fees such as closing costs and discount points.
By comparing loan estimates across lenders, borrowers can see the full breakdown of their possible costs. One lender may offer lower interest rates, but higher fees and vice versa. Looking at the loan’s APR can give you a good apples-to-apples comparison between lenders that takes into account both rates and fees.
5. Consider negotiating with lenders on rates
Mortgage lenders want to do business. This means that borrowers may use competing offers as leverage to adjust fees and interest rates. Many lenders may not lower their offered rate by much, but even a few basis points may save borrowers more than they might think in the long run. For instance, the difference between 6.8% and 7.0% on a 30-year, fixed-rate $100,000 mortgage is roughly $5,000 over the life of the loan.
Expert Forecasts for Mortgage Rates
Mortgage rates have cooled significantly over the past several months. After the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage hit 8% last October, it ended 2023 closer to 7%. In fact, the average for Q4 2023 was 7.3%.
Analysts with Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) both project that rates will fall going into 2024 and throughout next year.
Fannie Mae economists expect rates to drop more quickly, falling below 6% by Q4 2024. Meanwhile, the MBA’s forecast for Q4 2024 is 6.1% and 5.9% for Q1 2025.
More Mortgage Resources
Methodology
Every weekday, MarketWatch Guides provides readers with the latest rates on 11 different types of mortgages. Data for these daily averages comes from Curinos, LLC, a leading provider of mortgage research that collects data from more than 250 lenders. For more details on how we compile daily mortgage data, check out our comprehensive methodology here. Editor’s Note: Before making significant financial decisions, consider reviewing your options with someone you trust, such as a financial adviser, credit counselor or financial professional, since every person’s situation and needs are different.
Average mortgage rates climbed moderately last Friday. Indeed, they rose on every business day last week. However, that followed a week of mainly falls. And those rates begin this morning close to where they were at the start of March.
First thing, it was looking as if mortgage rates today barely move. But that could change later in the day.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.12%
7.13%
+0.02
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.62%
6.65%
+0.03
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.15%
7.17%
+0.04
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.64%
6.66%
Unchanged
30-year fixed FHA
6.49%
7.17%
+0.01
30-year fixed VA
6.61%
6.72%
+0.02
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.28%
7.38%
Unchanged
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
I doubt we’ll see mortgage rates enter a consistent downward trend much before the summer, and possibly later.
So, for now, my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes held steady at 4.32%. (Neutral for mortgage rates. However, yields were rising this morning.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices increased to $81.35 from $80.62 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices inched down to $2,159 from $2,162 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — nudged up to 75 from 71 out of 100. (Bad for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to hold close to steady. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
The Fed
The Federal Reserve’s rate-setting body (the Federal Open Market Committee or FOMC) begins a two-day meeting tomorrow. And a flurry of events is scheduled for the following afternoon.
Almost nobody expects an announcement of a cut in general interest rates on Wednesday. But events that afternoon include:
2 p.m. Eastern — Rate announcement and report publications
2 p.m. Eastern — Summary of Economic Projects publication. This occurs only quarterly and includes a dot plot
These FOMC documents and the news conference may provide new insights into how the Fed’s thinking on future cuts to general interest rates is evolving. So, markets globally will be paying the closest attention to every word written and uttered.
And there is huge potential for Wednesday’s Fed events to move mortgage rates.
I covered this in last Saturday’s weekend edition. And I’ll brief you in more detail again on Wednesday morning so you’ll know what to look out for.
Other influences on mortgage rates this week
Most of the economic reports on this week’s calendar are unlikely to affect mortgage rates. It’s not impossible. But they cover areas of the economy that rarely interest the bond investors who largely determine those rates.
Today’s lone report is a good example. It’s the home builder confidence index for February, which came in as expected. I don’t recall the last time that had a perceptible influence on mortgage rates. And the same goes for tomorrow’s housing starts and building permits, also for February.
The two reports that might move mortgage rates this week are both March purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) from S&P. One covers the services sector and the other manufacturing.
They’re both expected to show purchasing activity slowing modestly. But I’ll brief you more fully on what to expect on Wednesday.
Friday has no scheduled economic reports. However, three Fed speakers, including Chair Jerome Powell, have speaking engagements that day. Those could be an opportunity to reinforce messages communicated on Wednesday and to correct any misunderstandings. So, they could have an impact on mortgage rates.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Mar. 14 report put that same weekly average at 6.74% down from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Feb. 12 and the MBA’s on Feb. 20.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.5%
6.3%
6.1%
5.9%
MBA
6.9%
6.6%
6.3%
6.1%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
The Federal Reserve’s recent data says the average credit card interest rate is 21.47%, which is a high number by most standards. If you never carry a balance or take out cash advances, it may not be a big deal for you, but if you do, it’s worth paying attention to the average credit interest rate. Doing so could help you anticipate and potentially budget for increased interest payments.
Here, you’ll learn more about credit card interest rates and how they can impact your financial life.
What Is the Average Credit Card Interest Rate?
The average interest rate for credit cards is 21.47%, as mentioned above, as of the start of 2024. Rates have been steadily increasing in recent years — in November 2021, the average rate for credit cards was 14.51%, and back in November 2017, for example, it was 13.16%.
Keep in mind, however, that the interest rate for your credit card could be higher or lower than this average depending on factors such as your credit profile, given how credit cards work. So what’s a good annual percentage rate (APR) for you may be different from what a good APR for a credit card is for someone else, as you’ll learn in more detail below.
Interest Rates by Credit Quality Types
Credit card interest rates, or the APR on a credit card, tend to vary depending on an applicant’s credit score. The average interest rate for credit cards tends to increase for those who have lower credit scores, according to the CFPB’s most recent Consumer Credit Card Market Report.
The report measures what’s called an effective interest rate — meaning, the total interest charged to a cardholder at the end of the billing cycle.
Credit Quality
Effective Interest Rate
Deep subprime (a score of 579 or lower)
23%
Subprime (a score of 580-619)
22%
Near prime (a score of 620-659)
20%
Prime (a score of 660-719)
18%
Prime plus (a score of 720-799)
15%
Super prime (800-850)
9%
What this table shows is that the lower your credit score, the more you will be paying in interest on balances you have on your credit cards (meaning, any amount that remains after you make your credit card minimum payment).
Keep in mind that these rates don’t include any fees that may also apply, such as those for balance transfers or late payments, which can further increase the cost of borrowing.
Recommended: Revolving Credit vs. Line of Credit, Explained
Interest Rates by Credit Card Types
Interest rates may vary depending on the type of credit card you carry. In general, platinum or premium credits have a higher APR — cards with higher interest rates tend to come with better features and benefits.
Type
APR Range
No annual fee credit card
20.64% – 27.65%
Cash back credit card
21.06% – 27.78%
Rewards credit card
20.91% – 28.15%
Prime Rate Trend
The prime rate is the interest rate that financial institutions use to set rates for various types of loans, such as credit cards. Most consumer products use the prime rate to determine whether to raise, decrease, or maintain the current interest rate. That’s why for credit cards, you’ll see the rates are variable, meaning they can change depending on the prime rate.
As of March 6, 2024, the prime rate is 8.50%. On March 17, 2022, the prime rate was 3.50%. This can be considered an example of how variable this rate can be.
Delinquency Rate Trend
Credit card delinquency rates apply to accounts that have outstanding payments or are at least 90 days late in making payments. These rates have fluctuated based on various economic conditions. In many cases, rates are higher in times of financial duress, such as during the financial crisis in 2009, when it was at 6.61%.
As economic conditions rebound or the economy builds itself up, delinquency rates tend to go down, as consumers can afford to make on-time payments. According to the Federal Reserve, the delinquency rate for the fourth quarter in 2023 was 3.20%, up from 2.34% a year earlier and 1.63% for the same time period in 2021. This may be due to the pandemic, when consumers were more wary of discretionary spending or from negotiating payment plans with creditors.
Credit Card Debt Trend
Credit card debt has risen from its previous levels of $926 billion in 2019 and $825 billion at the end of 2020. It has climbed to $1.129 trillion for the fourth quarter of 2023, a new high.
This shows an ongoing surge in credit card debt, and these statistics can make individual cardholders think twice about their own balance and how to lower it.
Recommended: How Does Credit Card Debt Forgiveness Work?
Types of Credit Card Interest Rates
Credit cards have more than one type of interest rate. The credit card interest rate that applies may differ depending on how you use your card.
Purchase APR
The purchase APR is the interest rate that’s applied to balances from purchases made anywhere that accepts credit card payments. For instance, if you purchase a pair of sneakers using your credit card, you’ll be charged the purchase APR if you carry a balance after the statement due date.
Balance Transfer APR
A balance transfer APR is the interest rate you’ll be charged if you move a balance from one credit card to another. Many issuers offer a low introductory balance transfer APR for a predetermined amount of time.
Penalty APR
A penalty APR can kick in if you’re late on your credit card payment. This rate is usually higher than the purchase APR and can be applied toward future purchases as long as your account remains delinquent. This is why it’s always critical to make your credit card payment, even if you’re in the midst of requesting a credit card chargeback, for instance.
Cash Advance APR
A cash advance has its own separate APR that gets triggered when you use your card at an ATM or bank to withdraw cash, or if you use a convenience check from the issuer. The APR tends to be higher than the purchase APR.
Introductory APR
An introductory APR is an APR that’s lower than the purchase APR and that applies for a set amount of time. Introductory APRs may apply to purchases, balance transfers, or both.
For instance, you may get a 0% introductory APR for purchases you make for the first 18 months of account opening. After that, your APR will revert to the standard APR. (Note that the end of the introductory APR is completely unrelated to your credit card expiration date.)
Factors That Affect Interest Rate
When you apply for a credit card, you may notice that your interest rate is different from what was advertised by the issuer. That’s because there are several factors that affect your interest rate, which can make it higher or lower than the average credit card interest rate.
Credit Score
Your credit score determines how risky of a borrower you are, so your interest rate could reflect your creditworthiness. Lenders tend to charge higher interest rates for those who have lower scores. Your credit score can also influence whether your credit limit is above or below the average credit card limit.
Credit Card Type
The type of credit card may affect how much you could pay in interest. Different types of credit cards include:
• Travel rewards credit cards
• Student credit cards
• Cash-back rewards credit cards
• Balance transfer cards
Most likely, the more features you get, the higher the interest rate could be. Student credit cards may have lower interest rates, but that may not always be the case. That’s why it’s best to check the APR range of credit cards you’re interested in before submitting an application.
The Takeaway
The current average credit card interest rate is 21.47%, according to data from the Federal Reserve. However, your rate could be higher or lower than the average APR for credit cards based on factors such as your creditworthiness and the type of card you’re applying for. Your best bet is to pay off your entire balance each month on your credit card so you don’t have to worry about how high the interest rate for a credit card may be. That way, you can focus on features you’re interested in.
With whichever credit card you may choose, it’s important to understand its features and rates and use it responsibly.
Whether you’re looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it’s important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.
FAQ
What is the average credit card interest rate?
The average interest rate for credit cards is 21.47%, according to the latest data from the Federal Reserve for the fourth quarter of 2023.
How do you get a low credit card interest rate?
You may be able to get a low credit card interest rate by building your credit score, as this will encourage lenders to view you as less risky. Otherwise, you can also aim to get a credit card with a low introductory rate, though these offers are generally reserved for those with good credit. Even if the APR is temporary, it could be beneficial depending on your financial goals.
What is a bad APR rate?
A bad APR is generally one that is well above the average credit card interest rate. However, what’s a good or bad APR for you will depend on your credit score as well as what type of card you’re applying for.
Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Editor’s Note: Parts of this story were auto-populated using data from Curinos, a mortgage research firm that collects data from more than 250 lenders. For more details on how we compile daily mortgage data, check out our methodology here.
Mortgage rates remain above 7%, according to data from Curinos analyzed by MarketWatch Guides. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is 7.17% today, down-0.21 percentage points from last week.
With mortgage rates above 7% and home prices showing no signs of dropping, home affordability has continued to decline, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA). An MBA report published last week showed that the median monthly payment for new home purchases in the U.S. increased to $2,134 in January – up 4% from the month before.
Prospective home buyers may see rates drop more substantially this year, however. The Federal Reserve board previously indicated that it expects three rate cuts throughout 2024 and their next meeting is scheduled for March 19-20.
Here are today’s average mortgage rates:
30-year fixed mortgage rate: 7.17%
15-year fixed mortgage rate: 6.53%
5/6 ARM mortgage rate: 6.93%
Jumbo mortgage rate: 7.02%
Current Mortgage Rates
Product
Rate
Last Week
Change
30-Year Fixed Rate
7.17%
7.38%
-0.21
15-Year Fixed Rate
6.53%
6.72%
-0.19
5/6 ARM
6.93%
7.02%
-0.09
7/6 ARM
7.09%
7.23%
-0.14
10/6 ARM
7.24%
7.35%
-0.11
30-Year Fixed Rate Jumbo
7.02%
7.17%
-0.15
30-Year Fixed Rate FHA
6.96%
7.17%
-0.21
30-Year Fixed Rate VA
6.98%
7.16%
-0.18
Disclaimer: The rates above are based on data from Curinos, LLC. All rate data is accurate as of Friday, March 08, 2024. Actual rates may vary.
>> View historical mortgage rate trends
Mortgage Rates for Home Purchase
30-year fixed-rate mortgages are down, -0.21
The average 30-year fixed-mortgage rate is 7.17%. Since the same time last week, the rate is down, changing -0.21 percentage points.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $676.76 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. You’re paying less compared to last week when the average rate was 7.38%.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages are down, -0.19
The average rate you’ll pay for a 15-year fixed-mortgage is 6.53%, a decrease of-0.19 percentage points compared to last week.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed-mortgage at a rate of 6.53% will cost approximately $872.76 per $100,000 borrowed. With the rate of 6.72% last week, you would’ve paid $883.25 per month.
5/6 adjustable-rate mortgages are down, -0.09
The average rate on a 5/6 adjustable rate mortgage is 6.93%, a decrease of-0.09 percentage points over the last seven days.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, commonly referred to as ARMs, are mortgages with a fixed interest rate for a set period of time followed by a rate that adjusts on a regular basis. With a 5/6 ARM, the rate is fixed for the first 5 years and then adjusts every six months over the next 25 years.
Monthly payments on a 5/6 ARM at a rate of 6.93% will cost approximately $660.61 per $100,000 borrowed over the first 5 years of the loan.
Jumbo loan interest rates are down, -0.15
The average jumbo mortgage rate today is 7.02%, a decrease of-0.15 percentage points over the past week.
Jumbo loans are mortgages that exceed loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and funding criteria of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. This generally means that the amount of money borrowed is higher than $726,200.
Product
Monthly P&I per $100,000
Last Week
Change
30-Year Fixed Rate
$676.76
$691.02
-$14.26
15-Year Fixed Rate
$872.76
$883.25
-$10.49
5/6 ARM
$660.61
$666.65
-$6.04
7/6 ARM
$671.36
$680.82
-$9.46
10/6 ARM
$681.50
$688.97
-$7.47
30-Year Fixed Rate Jumbo
$666.65
$676.76
-$10.11
30-Year Fixed Rate FHA
$662.62
$676.76
-$14.14
30-Year Fixed Rate VA
$663.96
$676.08
-$12.12
Note: Monthly payments on adjustable-rate mortgages are shown for the first five, seven and 10 years of the loan, respectively.
Factors That Affect Your Mortgage Rate
Mortgage rates change frequently based on the economic environment. Inflation, the federal funds rate, housing market conditions and other factors all play into how rates move from week-to-week and month-to-month.
But outside of macroeconomic trends, several other factors specific to the borrower will affect the mortgage interest rate. They include:
Financial situation: Mortgage lenders use past financial decisions of borrowers as a way to evaluate the risk of loaning money.
Loan amount and structure: The amount of money that bank or mortgage lender loans and its structure (including both the term and whether its a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate).
Location: Mortgage rates vary by where you are buying a home. Areas with more lenders, and thus more competition, may have lower rates. Foreclosure laws can also impact a lender’s risk, affecting rates.
Whether borrowers are first-time homebuyers: Oftentimes first-time homebuyer programs will offer new homeowners lower rates.
Lenders: Banks, credit unions and online lenders all may offer slightly different rates depending on their internal determination.
How To Shop for the Best Mortgage Rate
Comparison shopping for a mortgage can be overwhelming, but it’s shown to be worth the effort. Homeowners may be able to save between $600 and $1,200 annually by shopping around for the best rate, researchers found in a recent study by Freddie Mac. That’s why we put together steps on how to shop for the best mortgage rate.
1. Check credit scores and credit reports
A borrower’s credit situation will likely determine the type of mortgage they can pursue, as well as their rate. Conventional loans are typically only offered to borrowers with a credit score of 620 or higher, while FHA loans may be the best option for borrowers with a FICO score between 500 and 619. Additionally, individuals with higher credit scores are more likely to be offered a lower mortgage interest rate.
Mortgage lenders often review scores from the three major credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. By viewing your scores ahead of lenders considering you for a loan, you can check for errors and even work to improve your score by paying down balances and limiting new credit cards and loans.
2. Know the options
There are four standard mortgage programs: conventional, FHA, VA and USDA. To get the best mortgage rate and increase your odds of approval, it’s important for potential borrowers to do their research and apply for the mortgage program that best fits their financial situation.
The table below describes each program, highlighting minimum credit score and down payment requirements.
Though conventional mortgages are most common, borrowers will also need to consider their repayment plan and term. Rates can be either fixed or adjustable and terms can range from 10 to 30 years, though most homeowners opt for a 15- or 30-year mortgage.
3. Compare quotes across multiple lenders
Shopping around for a mortgage goes beyond comparing rates online. We recommend reaching out to lenders directly to see the “real” rate as figures listed online may not be representative of a borrower’s particular situation. While most experts recommend getting quotes from three to five lenders, there is no limit on the number of mortgage companies you can apply with. In many cases, lenders will allow borrowers to prequalify for a mortgage and receive a tentative loan offer with no impact to their credit score.
After gathering your loan documents – including proof of income, assets and credit – borrowers may also apply for pre-approval. Pre-approval will let them know where they stand with lenders and may also improve negotiating power with home sellers.
4. Review loan estimates
To fully understand which lender is offering the cheapest loan overall, take a look at the loan estimate provided by each lender. A loan estimate will list not only the mortgage rate, but also a borrower’s annual percentage rate (APR), which includes the interest rate and other lender fees such as closing costs and discount points.
By comparing loan estimates across lenders, borrowers can see the full breakdown of their possible costs. One lender may offer lower interest rates, but higher fees and vice versa. Looking at the loan’s APR can give you a good apples-to-apples comparison between lenders that takes into account both rates and fees.
5. Consider negotiating with lenders on rates
Mortgage lenders want to do business. This means that borrowers may use competing offers as leverage to adjust fees and interest rates. Many lenders may not lower their offered rate by much, but even a few basis points may save borrowers more than they might think in the long run. For instance, the difference between 6.8% and 7.0% on a 30-year, fixed-rate $100,000 mortgage is roughly $5,000 over the life of the loan.
Expert Forecasts for Mortgage Rates
Mortgage rates have cooled significantly over the past several months. After the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage hit 8% last October, it ended 2023 closer to 7%. In fact, the average for Q4 2023 was 7.3%.
Analysts with Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) both project that rates will fall going into 2024 and throughout next year.
Fannie Mae economists expect rates to drop more quickly, falling below 6% by Q4 2024. Meanwhile, the MBA’s forecast for Q4 2024 is 6.1% and 5.9% for Q1 2025.
More Mortgage Resources
Methodology
Every weekday, MarketWatch Guides provides readers with the latest rates on 11 different types of mortgages. Data for these daily averages comes from Curinos, LLC, a leading provider of mortgage research that collects data from more than 250 lenders. For more details on how we compile daily mortgage data, check out our comprehensive methodology here. Editor’s Note: Before making significant financial decisions, consider reviewing your options with someone you trust, such as a financial adviser, credit counselor or financial professional, since every person’s situation and needs are different.