Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn how scammers deceive victims by using AI for voice cloning and learn how you can protect yourself from other AI-related fraud.
How can you protect yourself from AI-driven scams that target your finances?
What new scams are happening as technology advances?
Hosts Sean Pyles and Sara Rathner discuss the alarming use of AI in scams and the future of fraud to help you understand how to safeguard your personal security. They begin with a discussion of AI-driven voice scams, with tips and tricks on recognizing potential fraud, staying informed about scam tactics, and the importance of open discussion to empower against scammer tactics.
Then, scam expert Bob Sullivan, author of “Stop Getting Ripped Off” and host of the podcast The Perfect Scam, joins Sean to discuss the broader implications of AI technology in scams. They discuss the potential for AI to personalize phishing attacks, the ease of creating convincing fake audio, and the importance of skepticism in the face of unexpected calls. Plus: the need for technology companies to embed safeguards, the role of societal learning in approaching unexpected calls, and the importance of verifying any financial requests you receive.
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
We already know that our robot overlords are coming, but in the meantime, while they plot, their artificial intelligence skills are being put to use by bad actors all over the world, utilizing technology to bilk people out of their money. That includes using AI to copy someone’s voice and demand ransom for a non-existent kidnapping.
Jennifer DeStefano:
I had a full conversation with my daughter. It was interactive. There was no pause. There was no break. There was nothing that would lead me to believe that it wasn’t her. So when the mom that stepped outside called 911, she came back in and she said, “Hey, 911 tipped me off that there’s a scam where they use AI and they can replicate anyone’s voice.” I didn’t believe it. It gave me hope, but I didn’t believe it.
Sean Pyles:
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money Podcast. I’m Sean Pyles.
Sara Rathner:
And I’m Sara Rathner. And Sean, that clip is as creepy as it gets.
Sean Pyles:
It is, and the story we’re going to hear today is as creepy and as awful as it gets as we wrap up our Nerdy deep dive into scams and identity theft and how to protect yourself from all of it so you don’t lose your life savings. Today we’re going to examine the future of the scam industry and the expanding role of AI.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, I have to say, and I know you’ve touched on this in several of your interviews already, this is exhausting. I mean, it’s hard to listen to this and not think, yeah, no matter what, I’m screwed. They’re going to get me unless I spend all this time and effort protecting myself. And who has the time for that?
Sean Pyles:
I hear you, Sara, and it’s easy to feel somewhat defeated by all these organized criminals whose sole job is to steal our identities, which technology seems to make easier and easier for them, and to scam us in ways that we can’t even conceive of until it happens.
Sara Rathner:
I mean, I’d rather spend more time taking naps, honestly. I don’t do that enough and I’m really sleep-deprived, which is probably making me more susceptible to scams, honestly.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, I am totally there with you. But Sara, I think we’ve also provided listeners, you included, with some really practical ways to fully arm ourselves that don’t take an undue amount of effort. And as we’ve been saying, one of the most important takeaways from this series, I think, is for everyone to realize that there is no immunity here. This stuff can happen to anyone regardless of how old you are, how much schooling you’ve had, or how much money you make, where you live. It’s a universal risk, and the more we talk about it, the more power we take away from the bad actors.
Sara Rathner:
All right. Well, the idea that AI is getting in on the action is slightly terrifying. You mentioned our robot overlords at the top of the show, and I guess they’re coming for everybody’s bank account PINs.
Sean Pyles:
If only it were that simple, Sara. AI is being deployed in sophisticated ways to manipulate our emotions, find vulnerabilities in software that we rely on every day, and generally make our lives like something out of that show Black Mirror. So in this episode, we’re going to explore things like how is AI being used in scams, what’s the deal with these AI voice scams and what hellish development might we see next in the world of scams. To start, we hear from a woman named Jennifer DeStefano. She lives in Arizona and had an experience that no one should ever go through, but that provides a window into one of the ways that scammers can reach into your heart and try to pull money from your bank account.
Sara Rathner:
All right. We want to hear what you think too, listeners. So tell us your stories of identity theft or getting scammed or share how you’re working to fight it or recover from it. Leave us a voicemail or text the Nerd Hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. Or email a voice memo to [email protected]. Here’s Sean with our first guest.
Sean Pyles:
Jennifer DeStefano. Welcome to Smart Money.
Jennifer DeStefano:
Thank you so much for having me.
Sean Pyles:
So Jennifer, you experienced an AI voice scam. Can you set the scene for us? What was that day like before you got this phone call?
Jennifer DeStefano:
It was just a normal day. I had two children that were up training for a ski race and I had my daughter, she was at dance, so I was going to go pick her up and then hopefully joining my other two kids later in the weekend. So I went to pull up to the studio and get out of my car to go get her, and I got a phone call and it came in from an unknown number. Originally I was going to ignore it, but knowing that I had two of them that were practicing for a ski race and unknown can be medical, you just never know, just in case I decided to answer it.
When I answered it, I said hello, and I was getting out of my vehicle, so I had all my stuff in my hands. I was walking through the parking lot, so I had the phone on speaker and it was my older daughter crying and sobbing saying, “Mom, Mom, I messed up.” And I said, didn’t think anything of it. She ski raced for a number of years. It was a very familiar phone call. And I said, “Okay. What happened?” And she goes, “Mom, I messed up.” And I said, “Okay. What’d you do?” And then all of a sudden a man came on and he said, “Put your head down, lay back.”
And at that point I thought she got really hurt just being toboggan. So then I started to get really concerned. I’m like, “Wait, wait, wait. What’s going on? What’s happening, Bri? What’s going on?” And then this man gets on the phone as she starts saying, “Mom, help me. These bad men have me. Help me, help me, help me.” The phone, her voice starts to fade off with her crying and sobbing and pleading for me. And this man gets on the phone. He goes, “Listen here, I have your daughter.”
“You call the police, you call anybody, I’m going to pop her stomach so full of drugs and have my way with her and then drop her for dead in Mexico.”And at that point was when I had my hand on the door handle of dance, and I walked inside the room and I just started screaming for help. So fortunately there happened to be three other moms there that know me well. I was asking my younger daughter to get her dad on the phone, call her brother, call anybody. So she actually jumped up and ran over to my younger daughter to say, “Let’s go find your dad. Let’s figure this out.”
Another mom said, “I’m going to go call 911.” She stepped outside to go call the police, and the third mom sat beside me so she could hear everything the man was saying as I was trying to figure out where my daughter was, what’s going on.
Sean Pyles:
And so it’s a perfectly normal day. You’re about to get your kids after a day of them doing their activities, you get a phone call and within 30 seconds your world is turned upside down.
Jennifer DeStefano:
Completely upside down. I had no idea what was going on. I had a full conversation with my daughter. It was interactive. There was no pause. There was no break. There was nothing that would lead me to believe that wasn’t her. So when the mom that stepped outside called 911, she came back in and she said, “Hey, 911 tipped me off that there’s a scam where they use AI and they can replicate anyone’s voice.” She’s like, “It could have been a voice recording.” I’m like, “It was definitely not a voice recording. It was interactive. I was asking her questions. She was responding to me. It was not a recording.” And she’s like, “Well, they can do anything.” I’m like, “But it was her crying. It was her sobbing. I know it’s my daughter. It wasn’t a recording.”
Sean Pyles:
And what thoughts are going through your head as you’re having this conversation with what sounds exactly like your daughter?
Jennifer DeStefano:
I didn’t for a second not believe it. It wasn’t until another mom actually got my daughter on the phone and I talked to her and she reassured me that she was who she really was, and I could finally wrap my head around it. And then I finally believed her and then I knew it was a scam.
Sean Pyles:
How much time elapsed from the time that you answered the phone to when your actual daughter was speaking to you and you were reassured the phone call that you got wasn’t legitimate?
Jennifer DeStefano:
So the whole phone call actually took four minutes, but that’s where time freezes in that panic and fear.
Sean Pyles:
Right. Oh God, that’s heartbreaking. So do you know how the scammers got your daughter’s voice and maybe why they targeted you specifically?
Jennifer DeStefano:
So I had a bunch of different thoughts on that. Okay. She’s done a few interviews related to school, sports, whatnot, but that still doesn’t explain the crying and sobbing. It doesn’t explain that conversation. Her voice recording for her phone is her prepubescent voice, so it’s not her current voice. So I honestly have no idea. That’s where a lot of this, what’s scary is at first it was are they following me? Is it targeted? Do they know something? But then hearing how it had happened to a number of other people in different capacities, and you realize it’s a lot more arm’s length.
They were demanding money to be hand delivered to them. So they were making arrangements to come pick me up in a white van with a bag over my head. I had to have all the cash. They were going to take me to my daughter, and if I didn’t have all the cash, then we were both dead.
Sean Pyles:
God, how much were they asking for?
Jennifer DeStefano:
It was originally a million dollars. And then he came up with a number of $50,000 when I pushed back that that wasn’t possible.
Sean Pyles:
And to this day, it’s unclear why you specifically got this call?
Jennifer DeStefano:
I have no idea.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. And so after the phone call ended, I assume you hung up on the scammer when you realized that your daughter was safe.
Jennifer DeStefano:
So once I realized my daughter was safe, I actually had them on mute and they were furious that I wasn’t making final arrangements for a pickup. And then I picked the phone back up and I called them out and said, you don’t have my daughter, this is a scam and I’m going to make sure that this is going to come to a stop and I’m going to do anything I can to stop you. And I hung up on him.
Sean Pyles:
God, what are you on an individual or maybe even a family level doing to safeguard yourselves? Have you guys established a safe phrase that you might use to confirm your identities?
Jennifer DeStefano:
So we did create a safe word, and then it’s a lot of communication. Where are you? Who are you with? Where are you going? So that way if I do get a phone call or anybody gets a phone call, you can easily put it through the test. Does this make sense? Is this where they’re supposed to be? Is this even possible? Do you know the code word? Do you have some identifiers? If I didn’t know where my daughter was supposed to be, I wouldn’t have been able to locate her as fast as I did. And I had her brother, I had all of her siblings coming together in response to help me as well. So everybody was in full communication. You have to communicate and you have to seek help.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Jennifer, is there anything that you would like to leave listeners with?
Jennifer DeStefano:
Just awareness, have these conversations, sometimes maybe tough conversations, especially with children. But you have to have the conversations, have safe words, know where your kids are at. You have to have these conversations and make sure you safeguard your family.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Jennifer DeStefano, thank you for sharing your story with us.
Jennifer DeStefano:
Thank you so much for having me. I really appreciate it.
Sean Pyles:
Sara. I found this story just heartbreaking. I mean, at least they found out it was a scam before handing over money or before Jennifer offered herself up to scammers. But not everyone is so fortunate. Imagine how hard it is to say no to something like this when a loved one seems to be in jeopardy.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, there was a piece recently in The Cut written by a journalist who knew she would never, ever fall for something like this. Don’t we all think that? And ended up handing over $50,000 in a shoebox to a stranger in a large SUV. I don’t think anybody ever sees themselves doing that. I’m glad Jennifer DeStefano didn’t let it get that far with the help of friends.
Sean Pyles:
And there’s hope that help will come from more than friends. Earlier this year the Federal Trade Commission proposed new rules that would prohibit the impersonation of individuals. It recently enacted rules that prohibit impersonating government or businesses. This proposed rule would extend to, well, us. The proposal is currently in a comment period, so if you feel so moved, go to the FTC’s website, ftc.gov, and comment.
Well, next we’re going to talk with another journalist, Bob Sullivan, who’s been covering the scam world for years now. He hosts a podcast for the AARP called The Perfect Scam and is the author of Stop Getting Ripped Off, among other books. We’re going to talk about the future of the scam world and how to protect yourself as technology continues to make it easier for the bad guys. That’s coming up in a moment. Stay with us.
Bob Sullivan, I’m so glad you could join us on Smart Money.
Bob Sullivan:
Thanks so much for having me.
Sean Pyles:
So Bob, the first question I have for you is how do I know that you are the real Bob Sullivan and not an AI-generated Bob Sullivan?
Bob Sullivan:
This is an excellent question and I’m glad that you’ve started there. You can’t, really. In fact, I did an episode on my own podcast recently where I had someone clone my voice and rather persuasively introduce the podcast, although family members pointed out to me that there were just little things that didn’t quite sound right. So either I was AI or maybe I had a bad cold or something. But it’s hard to tell, a little nasally.
Sean Pyles:
So in this series we’ve talked about identity theft, identity fraud, and the scam world, and I’m hoping that today you can give us a warning about the future of all of this and the role that artificial intelligence or AI is going to play and in fact is playing. So to start, when did we first start seeing AI being put to use in this way? Do you remember a specific AI-generated fraud or scam where you said, oh wow, this is something new?
Bob Sullivan:
Well, I have to be honest with you and say that I sit here reading emails about scams and fraud all day long, and I have not seen evidence of these kinds of things that a lot of folks are talking about right now, which is voice cloning or deep fake videos being used to fool people. Here’s a couple of things that I am worried about, however. All the data collection that we have, the criminals now have access to it and it’s going to be very easy for criminals to use that data to just really carefully craft their phishing pitches so that they’ll know exactly when you are transactional, for example.
Then they’ll know precisely when you order something from Amazon or what your zip code says about your income, and they’ll know how to attack the right person at the right time with the right message. And that’s the kind of artificial intelligence that I’m worried about, criminals using big data to essentially perfectly hone their crimes. But there’s one other thing that I’d really like to mention that enough experts have told me about that I am quite concerned about it, and that’s this idea of generative AI, where a tool like ChatGPT can engage in conversations and learn.
We have told people forever that one of the ways that they might recognize that they’re talking to a criminal over email or in chat or in a game is bad grammar or sentences that don’t quite make sense, non sequiturs. Well ChatGPT is getting very good at holding intelligent sounding conversations. Let’s start by saying it’s going to probably eliminate the bad grammar problem, but even more than that, imagine a tool that learns along the way just the right things to say to romance someone using a formula that’s been tested in the real world or the right things to say to get someone to follow the instructions for an investment scam.
I think these tools are going to learn how to carry on these conversations in ways that we’ve never seen at large scale, and that’s the kind of artificial intelligence that I’m worried about being used in scams.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. And can you talk us through how these AI voice cloning scams do work, whether they’re pervasive or not?
Bob Sullivan:
Sure. Well, I mean there are services, the fellow who did it on me signed up for a website that lets you do this for $5 a month and the first month is 80% off. So for literally one US dollar, you can upload samples of my voice or anyone’s voice and then generate for a potential scam victim, something that sounds incredibly realistic. I think the one thing that’s important to understand about what’s different about voice cloning, I don’t know if you remember the movie Sneakers, it’s one of my favorite hacker movies.
But in that movie, they basically needed a voice passport in order to enter a highly secure building, and they needed the authority figure to say things so that they could piece together cut and paste style a certain sentence, for example. So one way you might be imagining this works is someone tricks me into saying, my mother is in distress and I need you to send money to this wire account, but that’s not it. Instead, what’s powerful about AI voice cloning is with just a few sentences from me, they can extrapolate my intonation, my pausing and make me say anything.
So you don’t need a whole lot of vocabulary in order to make a really, really effective, almost fully independent voice clone.
Sean Pyles:
Well, I’d like to walk our listeners through some of the ways that fraudsters and scammers are putting this technology to work right now in ways that are shocking even to you. Can you share one or two examples that you know of that will give us a sense of just how bonkers this new era is?
Bob Sullivan:
Well, let me go back to the big data example. Foreign governments and large hacker organizations do have what would look to most people like a credit reporting agency on all of us. They have thousands of bits of data about all of us that they can use against us, and it’s data that they’ve been compiling for years. So they know what your tendencies are, they know where you shop, they know where you are. We never talk nearly enough about the theft of location data. All our cell phones are tracking devices.
And so a criminal could know when you’re walking past a store and send you a precisely timed invitation to either buy something at a discount or even worse to send you a note saying, I was just in Ireland. Bob, there’s a bank in Ireland that suddenly tried to charge a $2,000 charge to your account, say yes or no. And I would believe that message right now because I was just there. Those kinds of highly sophisticated, highly targeted crimes enabled by massive amounts of data that again can be searched now instantaneously, that’s the kind of thing that really scares me.
Sean Pyles:
And those examples are highly specific and individualized, which makes them all the more believable. So it makes it hard to trust anything that’s inbound to us.
Bob Sullivan:
Absolutely. And this is a tragedy because technology enables so many wonderful things. It is a terrible thing that we have all of these dark stories as this gray cloud around tech that’s going to prevent a lot of people from even trying to use it, and it’s going to make all of us feel just a little bit insecure because we know these sorts of bad and dangerous things can happen to us. The best example of this is in the health arena. We’re so far behind in what electronic health records could be in America right now.
When you go to the hospital, you’re laying on a gurney and there’s someone asking you over and over again, are you allergic to penicillin and you just were in a car accident. And that’s ridiculous. But because we are, I mean there’s many reasons, but a big one is we are so concerned about criminals misusing this data or companies misusing this data that we are decades behind where we could be with things like electronic health records.
Sean Pyles:
Earlier this episode, I spoke with a woman who received an AI voice scam call from what sounded like her daughter, and it of course wasn’t her daughter. But after everything settled down, she still doesn’t really understand how these people got her daughter’s voice. Her daughter isn’t really on social media, and this woman is also very unclear as to why she was targeted. So do you know how scammers are capturing people’s voices and why they might choose to target one person over another?
Bob Sullivan:
So I don’t know. I think for the vast majority of young people, it would be fairly trivial to examine a couple of TikTok videos and get enough voice sample in order to fake their voices. There are people who are not on social media and whose recorded voices aren’t in any, say, school websites or anything like that. I think they are few and far between. So I think most people should assume that a criminal could absolutely get enough audio samples of your voice to do this to you. So I can’t speak to that specific instance or why that person was targeted or why that child was targeted.
The only thing that concerns me is I don’t think we should give anyone the impression that this is happening on a widespread basis. It’s not. 99% of these kinds of calls are still being done by just human beings in boiler rooms. Nevertheless, this absolutely can be done. It can be done really inexpensively. And as I just mentioned, all of us are vulnerable to this. You’d be shocked at how much, even if you don’t have any social media, that pieces of your life have been posted by other people.
So it’s out there, and again, it takes very little, we’re talking probably less than a minute of audio in order to generate a fake you.
Sean Pyles:
What do you think we’re supposed to try to do to combat this? I mean, using me as an example, I host this podcast, you host one too. Our voices are out there just waiting for scammers to take a clip and make us say whatever they want, call our loved ones and use that voice to try to get their money. How do we fight that?
Bob Sullivan:
Yeah, you and I are screwed.
Sean Pyles:
Bob Sullivan:
Sorry. But the best, I talked to some other expert about this, so I can’t claim this advice myself, but I think it’s very good advice. At the beginning of the Photoshop era, people saw pictures of pyramids moved and weren’t skeptical of that. We just thought photographs couldn’t lie. I think nowadays for the most part, and certainly not everybody, for the most part, if you saw a crazy picture of Joe Biden riding on a camel or something, that there would be a piece of you at least that would say wait a minute, this might be fake.
There’s now an impulse that things you see might very well be faked. I’m hoping that our level of 21st century digital sophistication gets there quick enough with audio that your parents and my parents will have a predisposition to think if this is a weird phone call from Bob or Sean, it could be fake. And I think that’s the sort of learning curve we all have to go through kind of as a society.
Sean Pyles:
Well, let’s turn to some tactical ways that people can try to protect themselves. Can you tell us about the importance of things like pass keys, biometrics, other ways to authenticate that you are who you are when you get a call from someone or you allegedly call someone else?
Bob Sullivan:
I’m glad you brought that up. When it comes to voice printing in particular, there are these new technologies that are a little bit like image watermarking they’re discussing putting on voices. So you can imagine there being something even inaudible embedded in an audio phone call, which the technology company, the phone company, used seamlessly to verify that you were you, sort of like a Verisign email or whatnot. So there’s people who are working on technologies that would help with this verification. I’m not a fan of putting these really hard things onto individual consumers.
I think it’d be much better if the technology companies were forced to solve these problems because I can’t give my mom advice on how to verify how I might contact her at every platform that ever is going to exist. That advice is going to get outdated almost immediately.
Sean Pyles:
Given that we do live in this world that we are living in, I’m trying to think about ways that I can protect myself and my family. After I began doing research into 21st century scams, I established a safe phrase that if my family gets a call that alleges it’s from me and I’m in a panic, they’ll say, “Hey, what’s the safe phrase?” And I will tell them that phrase, if it’s actually me. And if it’s not, then the scammer’s going to try to divert them some other way, I’m sure.
Bob Sullivan:
I do think that’s great, and I don’t mean to trivialize any of that, but I would like to point out most people in security would say you’ve also created a vulnerability because someone armed with that phrase could easily disarm someone in your family, right?
Sean Pyles:
That’s true. Although the phrase has only been uttered in person when we agreed on what the phrase is. So we’ve tried to keep it as away from recording devices as possible to the extent that we can.
Bob Sullivan:
The only real point in my saying that was none of these things are foolproof. So it’s good to have that in mind. I think the one thing that helps all the time in the end, whatever we’re talking about here, almost inevitably, is a cover story for give me money. All of these, whatever technology we’re using, whatever the story is, in the end, there’s an ask of some kind. And stealing people against the ask is really, really important. And the best way to do that is interruption. The best way to do that is to train everybody in every circumstance, whatever is happening, to stop and talk to an independent third party, whether that be a family member or a financial professional or something.
Your son’s in jail in Europe, he needs bail money immediately, take the 15 seconds to talk to someone not involved in the situation and hear the words come out of your mouth. When you get a phone call you don’t expect, hang up and then go to the company’s website yourself and call the official published number, call the company back. That solves about 99% of these problems.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Bob, I’m asking this of all of the experts that we’re talking with for this series. So I’m going to ask you too, have you ever experienced a scam or identity theft or fraud?
Bob Sullivan:
No, but I’ve certainly been through a bunch of credit card-style identity thefts, but fortunately, knock on wood, nothing that we would consider deeply involved identity theft.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Bob, do you have any hopeful thoughts as we wrap up this series, which has been a bit of a bummer as we’ve talked about fraud and scams and people losing their life savings to technology assisted terrible people?
Bob Sullivan:
Yeah. So I spend all my week talking to people who’ve had their life savings stolen from them in all manner of speaking. It’s hard to stay optimistic. I think there’s a whole bunch of factors coming into play here. We have an aging population, many of whom thankfully have a lot of savings, they’re an easy target. And as I’ve mentioned, we have all of these tools that make it so much easier for someone halfway around the world to steal money instantly in untraceable ways. This has never happened in human history before, so this is the golden age of crime.
However, we are all talking about it now. So that’s really positive. Here’s the most optimistic thing I can tell you. Young people, software designers, engineers inside companies are now getting out of school having taken ethics classes and social impact classes and are starting to push back on their managers when they come up with tools like this. And that’s where the tide will turn is when enough people who have a grandparent who’s been a victim of a scam work at a software company and they say, we have to put this protection into this device before we release it to the world. And I do think those conversations are happening. So I am actually optimistic about that.
Sean Pyles:
That’s good to hear. And is there anything else that you wanted to mention that we didn’t touch on?
Bob Sullivan:
What we find is that a really, really big obstacle to fixing this problem is shame and embarrassment. Many, many people won’t come forward after they’ve been a victim of a crime like this because they feel stupid. I called myself stupid. All the language around scam crimes tends to focus on the individual instead of the system. Well, if you read a news story about a person who fell for a home improvement scam, that just doesn’t sound the same thing as someone who was robbed at gunpoint.
Sean Pyles:
Was the victim of a crime. That’s what happened at the end of the day.
Bob Sullivan:
They’re a victim of a crime, and we work hard on the language that we use to stress that there was a crime. There’s something about if we say, well, that person fell for this scam. Well, I would never fall for that scam. You can sort of put it at arm’s length, and that makes it a little easier to not do anything about the problem. And it takes the focus off the criminal. We kind of think the criminals are clever and sexy. But more than anything, we want to try to get away from the idea of shame because when someone is embarrassed because they are a victim of a crime, they don’t come forward.
The statistics don’t reveal the true nature and breadth of the crime. Everybody will tell you this, all this crime is wildly under reported. So however big the numbers seem to be, they’re at least double what we hear from the Federal Trade Commission and whatnot. And so anything that I can do to relieve the stigma from being a victim of crime like this, I’m all for it.
Sean Pyles:
Bob Sullivan, thank you so much for helping us out today.
Bob Sullivan:
Thanks a lot for having me.
Sean Pyles:
So Sara, after four episodes of hearing from experts and people who have experienced scams, I’m in a state of what I would call bleak optimism. The world right now is rife with scammers and their methods of duping innocent people are evolving at a rapid pace. But simultaneously, I can’t remember a time where scams and fraud were more present in the cultural conversation. Yes, it is fully a tragedy that our means of communication are so compromised that we cannot trust a call from a loved one in what seems like their most dire moment.
That really can’t be overstated. But hopefully the increased awareness of these scams will help people avoid sending money to bad actors and mitigate feelings of shame that people carry after enduring a scam. And hey, maybe one day our government will make some laws that help tamp down on the rampant scams that we’re all facing.
Sara Rathner:
And there’s this saying in journalism, if your mother tells you she loves you, fact check it. Well now you have to. So that’s the world we live in.
Sean Pyles:
If anyone contacts you at all, fact check it.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. And text them on the side and be like, “Hey, are you calling me from jail right now?” And they’ll be like, “No.”
Sean Pyles:
I think the bottom line for everyone listening is to exercise extreme caution when you speak with anyone online and before you send money to anyone ever.
Sara Rathner:
If somebody is asking you for money and you don’t really know who they are, they are not who they tell you they are. How’s that? How’s that for general rule?
Sean Pyles:
All right. Well, for now, that’s all we have for this episode and this Nerdy deep dive about scams and ID theft and fraud. If you have a money question about any of this or anything else, turn to the Nerds and call or text us your questions at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Visit nerdwallet.com/podcast for more info on this episode and remember to follow, rate and review us wherever you’re getting this podcast.
Sara Rathner:
This episode was produced by Tess Vigeland. Sean helped with editing. Kevin Berry helped with fact checking, Sara Brink mixed our audio.
Sean Pyles:
And here’s our brief disclaimer, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances.
Sara Rathner:
And with that said, until next time, turn to the Nerds.
Lloyds profits fall as competition for mortgages heats up
Pre-tax profits drop to £1.6bn between January and March, down from £2.3bn last year
Business live – latest updates
Lloyds Banking Group has suffered a 28% drop in first-quarter profits amid tough competition for mortgages and savings, but bosses said they expected those pressures to soon ease, helped by an improving UK economy.
The country’s largest mortgage lender, which also owns the Halifax brand, said pre-tax profits dropped to £1.6bn between January and March, having fallen from £2.3bn last year when rising interest rates boosted the lender’s profits by almost 50%.
The bank’s chief financial officer, William Chalmers, said this reflected “keen pricing in the mortgage markets, and savings moving into higher rate accounts”. Competition and jitters in the mortgage market led to a drop in its total outstanding loan book.
It resulted in a 10% drop in net interest income, which accounts for the difference in loan charges versus what is paid out to savers, to £3.2bn in the three months to March.
Pressure from politicians and regulators to pass on interest rates to savers at the same rate they had been raising mortgage and loan charges has squeezed income for major mortgage providers such as Lloyds in recent months.
In response, banks have had to compete harder for customer deposits by offering more substantial returns, particularly on fixed savings products where consumers lock away cash for longer. It attracted £1.3bn in regular customer deposits but that failed to make up for the £3.5bn pulled by business clients.
However, Chalmers said these savings and mortgage pressures were likely to “ease through 2024”, as economic conditions continued to improve.
House prices, which Lloyds previously expected to fall by 2.2% in 2024, are forecast to rise by 1.5% by the end of the year.
The banking group, often seen as a bellwether for the UK economy, is also forecasting a steady improvement in economic growth, at a rate of 0.3% in most quarters and a drop in inflation to 2.4% – from 3.2% in March – resulting in a fall in interest rates to 4.5% by December. It expects the Bank of England to cut rates three times in 2024, starting in the middle of the year.
Chalmers said mortgage applications had already soared by 20% in the first quarter, which could translate into new home loans, and reverse some of its loan book losses. That partly reflected the group’s willingness to offer better interest rates in order to boost lending.
“We’re really pleased to see the pickup in applications, and development of our market share, in that respect. And I think that represents what is a series of competitive offers out there in the market, suiting our customer needs. We’d hope to maintain that ambition over the course of the year,” Chalmers said.
Overall, the banking boss said he expected the UK mortgage market to pick up by 5% by the end of 2024. “We’d hope to play a major part in it,” Chalmers added.
The improved economic outlook meant the bank was more confident that customers could repay their loans. Despite the cost of living crisis and higher mortgage repayments, which have weighed on borrowers, Lloyds set aside £57m for potential defaults, compared with £243m last year.
The Lloyds chief executive, Charlie Nunn, said: “The group is continuing to deliver in line with expectations in the first quarter of 2024, with solid net income, cost discipline and strong asset quality. Our performance provides us with further confidence around our strategic ambitions and 2024 and 2026 guidance.”
Investors had also been hoping for updates on the Financial Conduct Authority investigation into whether consumers have been charged inflated prices for car loans. Lloyds, which has the largest car loan division of the four biggest UK banks, has already put aside £450m – far short of the £2bn that analysts believe it could be on the hook for.
However, Lloyds did not give any more details about whether it might put aside more cash to cover potential fines or compensation for customers. The FCA has indicated that it will give more details on its findings by the autumn.
It’s a common misconception that all debt is bad. Some forms of debt—such as student loans, mortgages, and auto loans—can help you improve your professional and personal life. But while debt can be useful, overspending while already in debt can lead to an unmanageable situation.
To find tips to ensure you aren’t adding unnecessarily to your debt or falling behind on payments, we asked Bob G. Wood—a professor of finance at the University of South Alabama’s Mitchell College of Business—to share his top debt-crushing strategies. These tips and ideas can help you gain lasting financial freedom.
Keep reading to learn how to get out of debt and stay there.
1. Avoid increasing what you owe on your credit cards
One of the first steps to getting out of debt is to stop adding to it. While credit cards are a helpful payment option (especially for unplanned expenses), continually building up a card balance that you can’t pay off every month can negatively impact your debt load and your credit score.
“A debt-averse individual pays the total balance on each credit card before the payment due date to avoid interest charges and late fees,” Wood explains. “This approach helps people avoid using the cards to buy things they cannot afford.”
2. Put some investments on hold
If you’re struggling to figure out how to pay off debt, you may want to put discretionary investments on hold until you’re debt-free. (Think: that $100 in crypto your buddy suggests you buy, or the IPO you’ve been reading about.) In some cases, paying off your debt faster will save you more money than your investments can earn. According to Wood, the exception to this rule is investing as a part of your retirement savings strategy, such as in a 401(k).
“I recommend continuing to fund retirement account investments, especially for those individuals with employer-provided accounts,” Wood says. “Many of these accounts provide a match for individual investments into the account, and that provides a 100% return on the individual’s contribution. Also, delaying retirement investment contributions can drastically reduce the future value of the account.”
3. Commit to a plan
While putting extra cash toward debt payments can help you make progress, having a steady plan is necessary to tackle debt efficiently. Wood shared the following steps consumers need to take when they’re budgeting to pay off debt:
Step 1. Differentiate between your needs and wants, and review your current expenses. “Be honest—upgrading to the latest cell phone model or adding items to an already full closet are more than likely wants rather than needs,” Wood says.
Step 2. Develop a realistic budget. Not sure how to budget to pay off debt? Be thoughtful when you create a budget to help keep your spending in check. This new budget should include a fixed monthly amount for debt repayment, beyond any monthly payments for student, auto, or home loans.
4. Choose the ‘snowball’ or the ‘avalanche’ style of debt reduction
When creating a plan to tackle your debt, you may consider the popular “debt snowball method,” which targets the smallest debt first. As soon as this first debt is satisfied, you focus on the next-lowest balance.
While seeing a debt of any size reduced to zero can be incredibly motivating, this approach may come with a cost. “Unfortunately, the strategy often results in more interest paid by the borrower,” Wood explains.
“As an alternative, the ‘debt avalanche method’ targets the highest interest debt first,” Wood explains. “By paying off the debt with the highest interest first, the borrower reduces the total amount of interest paid. Although this approach is more financially sound, it requires the borrower to focus on the long-term result and remain diligent in their payment plan.”
Note that with either of these approaches, staying current on all debt payments is important, meaning that you should pay at least the minimum amount due, while dedicating any extra contributions to the targeted debt.
5. Try to renegotiate your debt
One of the ways to pay off debt is to renegotiate it. While there are no guarantees that a lender will agree to negotiate the terms of your debt, you may have more luck if you’re a long-term customer with a history of on-time payments. In this case, a lender may be willing to waive fees, shift due dates, or even lower the interest rate. And these actions should not affect the individual’s credit rating, Wood notes.
Before committing to an arrangement, you should seek guidance from a professional about your specific situation, needs, and goals.
6. (Carefully) consider a balance transfer vs. debt consolidation loan
Transferring credit card debt to a new account has advantages, as many transfer offers may have an introductory period with an interest rate of 0%. A balance transfer can also reduce multiple payments to one, with a single payment date.
But keep an eye on your calendar so you’re aware of when the introductory period ends and the new interest rate begins.
He explains that debt consolidation is similar in concept, but these balances are typically rolled over into a personal loan for debt consolidation, a home equity loan, or a credit card with a lower interest rate (and concurrent lower payment).
7. Consider a rewards checking account
Looking to make the most of the cash you aren’t spending but still need access to? This is where a rewards checking account such as the Discover® Cashback Debit account can be handy when considering how to budget to pay off debt.
Earn cash back with your debit card
Discover Bank, Member FDIC
A rewards checking account can assist consumers in managing their debt by offering perks such as cash back or interest rewards on certain transactions. Consumers can then take those earnings and put them toward debt payments as needed.
8. Make it a family affair
Borrowing money from a trusted family member can help you save a lot on interest, making it easier to get out of debt faster. Let’s say that loved ones lend you the money you need to pay off your high-interest debts in full. You can then focus on paying them back at a lower interest rate or with no interest at all—whatever you agree on.
Just ensure you and your loved ones are on the same page about what this repayment agreement will look like so you don’t strain any relationships.
9. Know when to seek professional help
There may come a point when you need to hire a professional to help with get out of debt planning. “An individual should seek debt counseling when the anxiety associated with the debt interferes with the person’s personal and professional life or when the minimum debt payments are not possible without sacrificing necessities,” Wood says.
“There are both for-profit firms and nonprofit counseling agencies available to help an individual through the process.” The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau offers advice and resources on how to select a reputable counselor.
Consider what strategies might work best for you
There are many different approaches you can implement to help you get debt-free faster. Take some time to devise a realistic plan to tackle your debt so you can pay it off for good and start making your money work for you.
When you’re paying off debt, every boost of extra cash can help. A Discover Cashback Debit Account can help you earn cash rewards on debit card purchases1 with no account fees.
Articles may contain information from third parties. The inclusion of such information does not imply an affiliation with the bank or bank sponsorship, endorsement, or verification regarding the third party or information.
1 On up to $3,000 in debit card purchases each month. See Deposit Account Agreement for details on transaction eligibility, limitations and terms.
Data Mining, Servicing, Marketing Products: Check Your Noncompete Agreement; Training Next Week
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Data Mining, Servicing, Marketing Products: Check Your Noncompete Agreement; Training Next Week
By: Rob Chrisman
Wed, Apr 24 2024, 11:23 AM
Sometimes you just have to “risk it for the biscuit.” Capital markets are, for the most part, a little more complicated than, say, a recipe for next level dark chocolate brownies with salted caramel. Occasionally the topic of LOs or brokers being able to lock a loan, any time, any day, comes up. The New York Stock Exchange, owned by Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) has started polling market participants on their interest in and potential implications of an exchange that trades stocks 24/7. The polling underscores growing interest in trading stocks in off-hours. Could MBS be far behind? The survey comes after 24 Exchange, backed by Steven Cohen’s Point72, applied with the Securities and Exchange Commission to start the first 24-hour exchange. The prospect of 24-hour trading, which would likely lead to changes across the ecosystem, becomes a heavier lift for exchanges as they’re supervised by the SEC. Found here, this week’s podcasts are sponsored by Calque. With The Trade-In Mortgage powered by Calque, homeowners can buy before they sell, make non-contingent offers, and tap their home equity to fund the down payment on their next home. Today’s has an interview with Michael Bremer and Peter Kallodaychsak on interactions between lenders and Realtors in the wake of the proposed NAR settlement.
Lender and Broker Products, Software, and Services
Down Payment Resource’s Q1 2024 Homeownership Program Index (HPI) report reveals the largest annual jump in programs since it began tracking data in 2020, with 2,373 DPA programs now available nationwide. That’s 204 more programs than Q1 2023, a 9 percent YoY increase. DPR also noted that there’s at least one program in every U.S. county and 10 or more programs available in 2,000 counties, making it highly likely DPA could boost homeownership for borrowers in your footprint. The report also documents increases in programs for manufactured housing and multi-family purchases. Lenders are reminded that DPR is a software company, with a suite of tools to help you operationalize DPA to better serve your customers and lower your declines, especially among LMI buyers. Read the full report or schedule a demo to learn more.
“Every marketing team we’ve talked to is spread thin. Thankfully, Usherpa is here to help! Partnering with Usherpa means your sales team not only gets excellent done-for-them automated marketing campaigns, but your marketing team also gets all the tools and the support they need. Usherpa has its finger on the pulse of the market continually creating new, innovative marketing campaigns… for you! Usherpa’s award-winning automated SmartScore AI Opportunity Alerts and marketing campaigns (free for enterprise clients) are built on proprietary algorithms to target prospects in LO’s databases with effective messaging, creating hot call lists and inbound requests from prospects. Wouldn’t it be nice to have this type of targeted campaign, with proven ROI, launched automatically for your loan officers? Usherpa’s SmartScore AI alerts added an extra $1.4 billion pipeline volume and funded loans (and counting). Schedule a demo today.”
“Revolutionizing mortgage servicing through digital transformation! As Sagent CTO Uday Devalla recently explained in a fireside chat with Robert Turner (Kyndryl) and Manisha Tank (CNN International), since collaborating with Kyndryl to move away from legacy data centers and into the cloud, Sagent is focused on delivering a unified servicing workflow with end-to-end data to truly transform the business processes and improve the lives of the people who use our systems. To learn more about our future-of-servicing model and the benefits of our partnership with Kyndryl, check out our recap here (and watch the interview when you get a chance) and be sure to hit us with your questions.”
Interested in learning how retain/release MSR decisions can be included in your best execution strategy? Join MCT for a webinar today at 11:00 AM PT titled Complete Best Execution – Now Including Fully Integrated Retain/Release MSR Decisioning. In this webinar, MCT will review the current state of the MSR market and discuss more comprehensive retain vs. release strategies, in addition to our recently introduced fully integrated Enhanced Best Execution (EBX) solution. MCT’s Paul Yarbrough will then provide insights from a trader’s perspective regarding MSR best execution strategies at time of loan sale. He will also highlight MCT’s Rapid Commit technology and assignment of trade processes. This session will include a live demo of the EBX (MCTlive! and MSRlive!) integration, showcasing how EBX can effectively optimize your flow MSR trading process and decisions. Register for the webinar to join the session.
Tired of granting excessive concessions that impact your bottom line? Say goodbye to unnecessary giveaways with Optimal Blue data at your fingertips! Access to OB’s data solutions empowers you to make informed decisions, leveraging real-time market insights to negotiate with confidence. With over 35 percent of loans priced and locked through our platform, we offer the depth of market data you need to optimize every deal and maximize profitability. Whether you’re a bank, credit union, or independent mortgage banker, our user-friendly data solutions make it easy to access the information you need to secure the best terms for your borrowers and your business. Learn more about Optimal Blue’s data offerings today to start saving time, money, and headaches on every loan transaction.
Snapdocs released new industry research that found lenders using the company’s eClosing platform experience 18-day faster loan velocity than their industry peers. The survey was conducted by STRATMOR Group with data self-reported by mortgage lenders. I got a note from Michael Sachdev, CEO of Snapdocs, that said eClosing technology, when paired with the right partner to scale adoption, is helping lenders set new industry benchmarks for loan processing speed, operating costs, and borrower satisfaction. So often we see vendors make claims about their product value, but this report is a good example of that validation being sourced directly from the lender users themselves.
Most Noncompetes Now Illegal, Except…
The Federal Trade Commission narrowly voted Tuesday to ban nearly all noncompete agreements, employment agreements that typically prevent workers from joining competing businesses or launching ones of their own. The FTC received more than 26,000 public comments in the months leading up to the vote. The FTC estimates about 30 million people, or one in five American workers, from minimum wage earners to CEOs, are bound by noncompetes. It says the policy change could lead to increased wages totaling nearly $300 billion per year by encouraging people to swap jobs freely. The ban, which will take effect later this year, carves out an exception for existing noncompetes that companies have given their senior executives, on the grounds that these agreements are more likely to have been negotiated. The FTC says employers should not enforce other existing noncompete agreements.
Training, Webinars, and Events Next Week
The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) will host hundreds of community bank leaders during the 2024 ICBA Capital Summit from April 28 to May 1 in Washington. As part of ICBA’s annual advocacy gathering, community bankers will meet with policymakers to discuss ICBA’s regulatory and legislative agenda and share personal accounts of their efforts to stimulate economic growth and support the diverse financial needs of consumers.
Great things are happening around the 2024 Fair Lending Forum, April 29 – May 1 in Charlotte, NC! Asurity is thrilled to announce that Josh Stein, North Carolina Attorney General, will be joining us! He will share his perspectives on fair lending during a fireside chat with our Founder and CEO, Andy Sandler titled The Role of State Attorney Generals in Fair Lending Enforcement. Other prominent speakers are Bob Broeksmit, President and CEO of MBA; Lindsey Johnson, President and CEO of CBA: Grovetta Gardineer, Sr. Deputy Comptroller for Bank Supervision Policy, OCC; Ben Olson, Senior Associate Director for Consumer Protection & Supervision, FRB; Varda Hussain, Principal Deputy Chief for Fair Lending in the Civil Rights Division, Housing and Civil Enforcement Section, DOJ; and Frank Vespa-Papaleo, Principal Deputy Director of Fair Lending, CFPB. Register at www.fairlendingforum.com.
How are Biden’s new student loan repayment programs impacting mortgage affordability? Join LoanSense for a market and student loan update. Lake Michigan Credit Union will join and share how LoanSense helps their credit union members qualify for $50,000+ more home in 21 days. Sign up for the May 1st webinar at 3PM ET.
New York MBA webinar on May 1st at 12pm will explore the journey from origination through servicing, focusing on how to initiate and maintain an electronic process leveraging the latest in digital mortgage technology. Dive into the benefits of MISMO SMART Doc® Version 3 disclosures, eNote, eVault, and the differences between hybrid and full eClosing processes with remote online notarization (RON) and in-person electronic notarization (IPEN). Additionally, strategies for default resolution with digital execution to enhance homeowner engagement and streamline servicer workflows. Hosted by Ryan Murray, Tim Anderson, Shane Hartzler with Stavvy.
If you’re in Minnesota on May 1st, 10:00am – 12:00pm and a Loan Originator, are you interested in creating and building strong realtor relationships? If so, register and attend the “Mastering the Realtor Referral Relationship” presented by Steven Ross, Author of Doors Open When You Knock.
Looking for more in-depth commentary on weekly mortgage news? Register here for “Mortgage Matters: The Weekly Roundup” presented by Lenders One. Every Wednesday at 2:00 PM EST/11:00 AM PT join Robbie Chrisman and Justin Demola for a dive into a range of mortgage-related topics, including market trends, interest rate fluctuations, innovative mortgage products, and industry advancements. On May 1 listen to Vice President, FICO Mortgage and Capital Markets, Joe Zeibert.
Register for NALHFA Annual Conference 2024, May 1-4 in Las Vegas. Experience education and connection at NALHFA 2024 with an Affordable Housing Bus Tour, Women in Finance Luncheon & Roundtable, Speaker Sessions, and Networking Opportunities.
Thursday, May 2nd, at 3PM ET, Rich Swerbinsky is interviewing the CFPB’s Mark McArdle on what the big misconceptions about the CFPB are, and where its focus is currently.
Register for the Maryland Mortgage Bankers and Brokers Association Annual Conference, scheduled for Thursday, May 2nd, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the picturesque setting of Queenstown. This year’s conference will delve deep into the dynamics of the mortgage industry and explore the current market trends. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just stepping into the mortgage world, this event promises valuable insights to navigate the industry’s landscape.
Join Northern Michigan Luncheon, Thursday, May 2, 11:30 AM – 1:00 PM at Silver Spruce Brewing Company, to hear from a panel of VA Loan Experts and they dive into the specifics of this loan type, any changes that are coming on VA loans and much more. They’ll also be discussing the pending NAR settlement, and what changes that brings to VA loans, sales, and associated realtor fees.
Friday the 3rd we’ll see an episode of The Mortgage Collaborative’s Rundown covering current events in the mortgage market for 30-45 minutes starting at noon PT, 3PM ET, in “The Rundown”.
Capital Markets
Spoiler alert: the U.S. economy is motoring along with interest rates at these levels. The U.S. economy appears to be on track for a soft landing, with notable obstacles being a potential resurgence of inflation and heightened geopolitical risks. There’s been a cautious stance on interest rate adjustments from Fed members of late, and some have even floated the possibility of a hike, if warranted by data. Atlanta Fed President Bostic anticipates a slower path to achieving 2 percent inflation than the Fed originally thought, while New York Fed President Williams is not feeling any urgency to cut rates and didn’t rule out the possibility of a hike in his latest remarks. Bostic doesn’t foresee easing until year-end, and Minneapolis Fed President Kashkari also suggested the Fed could maintain rates throughout the year.
Looking ahead, while no changes to the fed funds rate are expected, a slowdown in the pace of balance sheet runoff is anticipated. The Committee may announce a reduction in the runoff of Treasury securities starting in June, capping it at $30 billion per month, compared to the current cap of $60 billion per month. This adjustment reflects a cautious approach to monetary policy amid economic uncertainties, aiming to maintain stability while monitoring key indicators such as inflation and geopolitical developments.
We learned yesterday that new home sales jumped 8.8 percent to a 693k-unit pace in March, the strongest pace since September 2023. New home sales should continue to gradually improve with a sturdy economy, and structural affordability and availability constraints in the resale market should also help. That noted, strength in the Northeast and West regions has fluctuated, impacting supply dynamics, and higher interest rates and rising existing supply could weigh on the new home market moving forward.
Today’s economic calendar kicked off with mortgage applications from MBA, which decreased 2.7 percent from one week earlier. We’ve also received the always volatile Durable goods orders for March (+2.6 percent). Later today brings some Treasury auctions that will be headlined by $30 billion 2-year FRNs and $70 billion 5-year notes. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices slightly worse than Tuesday night, the 10-year yielding 4.63 after closing yesterday at 4.60 percent, and the 2-year is at 4.94.
Employment
“Join a premier, mid-sized independent mortgage banker and award-winning lender as a Financial Controller and key member of our Senior Management Team. Recognized by National Mortgage News as one of the best companies to work for, we operate branches along the East Coast, and in Texas, with plans for strategic growth and expansion in 2024 and beyond. The Financial Controller develops and implements the overall financial strategy by overseeing accounting and cash management, driving the company’s financial planning, and managing the accounting staff within the department. The ideal candidate will have 7+ years of experience in mortgage banking and a strong background in accounting and financial management. If you are prepared to play a pivotal role as a Financial Controller in a corporate culture that is dynamic, innovative and collaborative, please email Chrisman LLC’s Anjelica Nixt to forward your confidential note. Remote or Washington DC metropolitan based.”
Figure Technology Solutions announced the appointment of Michael Tannenbaum as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors, effective immediately. Michael comes over after stints as Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Business officer at Brex, and Chief Revenue Officer at SoFi. Mike Cagney, Co-Founder, and previous Chief Executive Officer of Figure, has assumed the role of Executive Chairman. (The appointment of Mr. Tannenbaum follows the launch of Figure’s DART System, a combined lien filing and eNote registry service, and the company’s AI and machine learning-powered borrower-facing chatbot, which improves customer support efficiency and further streamlines the HELOC origination process.)
A&D Mortgage announced the appointment of Satish Vishwakarma as its new Servicing Manager where he will be responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the Mortgage Servicing group, ensuring the successful management of mortgage servicing teams, and leading efforts to streamline operations, enhance quality, and reduce costs.
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A term conversion rider in life insurance is a feature that gives you the option to convert a term life policy into a permanent life policy without new medical underwriting. Some term life policies automatically include a conversion option. Others require you to pay extra for this life insurance rider, and some policies may not offer it at all.
Term life insurance covers you for only a specific period of time, usually between 10 and 30 years. If you outlive the policy’s term, your coverage expires. Permanent life policies like whole life insurance often provide lifelong coverage, extending to a maximum age such as 100 or 121. But these types of policies are usually far more expensive than term life insurance because in addition to permanent insurance, they have a savings component called cash value.
A term conversion rider lets you lock in the ability to buy permanent coverage in the future, while allowing you to pay lower term life premium rates. You may want to secure the option to obtain permanent life insurance in case your health or financial obligations change. Or perhaps you can only afford term insurance now, but you’re hoping you’ll make more money and will be able to buy permanent life insurance later.
How much does it cost to convert a term policy?
Usually there’s no fee for converting your term policy to a permanent one, but you can expect your premiums to increase significantly. Since a term conversion rider doesn’t require new underwriting or a life insurance medical exam, your health status won’t affect your premiums. Your age will be a factor in how much you pay, though.
You may have a limited window for converting your policy. For example, some policies require you to exercise your conversion option before you turn 65, at least 18 months before the end of the policy, or in the first five or 10 years of your policy’s term. With other policies, the conversion provision remains in force until the policy expires.
Many insurers allow for a partial conversion, which leaves you with two separate policies: your remaining term policy (with a lower life insurance face value) and your new permanent policy.
Be aware that when you convert, you typically can’t choose from all the permanent policies an insurer may offer. You’ll probably have only one conversion option, and it may not be the right policy for you. It’s a good idea to check out other permanent life insurance options on the marketplace, especially if you’re in good health.
A term conversion rider can give you additional flexibility in case you need to purchase permanent coverage in the future. If you’re interested in a policy that includes this rider, consult with a life insurance agent or broker.
Borrowing money for home repairs and other projects this spring can be very expensive. For example, if you take on debt via a 24-month personal loan, you can expect to pay an average interest rate of 12.49%, according to the Federal Reserve. Credit cards charge even higher rates at an average of 21.47% currently.
One way to borrow money at a typically lower rate than credit cards or personal loans is to tap into your home equity with a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC). However, there are pros and cons to borrowing against your home equity to finance spring repairs, and you might find that certain situations make this financing more feasible than others.
Learn more about the best home equity loan rates you could qualify for here.
When to use home equity for spring repairs, according to experts
Tapping into your home equity can provide several benefits, like saving money on interest charges in the long run and improving your home. Some specific situations to consider using home equity for spring repairs include:
Lowering your taxes
If you can find a way to borrow against your home equity in a way that lowers your total tax liability more than the cost of borrowing, that could be worth it. Through 2025, interest on home equity loans and HELOCs may be deductible if used for making substantial improvements to your home, provided that you meet other stipulations.
“Whether you’re boosting potential resale value or enhancing your home, using home equity for repairs is a great choice, capitalizing on lower interest rates in comparison to unsecured consumer loans, and potential tax deductions,” says Kelly Miskunas, head of capital markets at Better.
That said, tax considerations are not one-size-fits-all.
“Remember to seek personalized tax advice tailored to your financial circumstances,” says Miskunas.
Compare today’s best home equity borrowing options online now.
Improving energy efficiency
Home equity funds could also be beneficial when put toward making energy-efficient upgrades to your home. Doing so could help you lower monthly utility bills, says Karl Jacob, CEO at LoanSnap.
Also, energy efficiency upgrades like adding solar panels and batteries “have substantial tax rebates,” says Jacob. “It’s definitely worth checking the federal and state rules on this.”
Doing important maintenance
Your home equity can also be useful for affording maintenance issues that save you money or boost your home’s value overall.
“Ignoring items that need repair can turn a small repair into a major, costly project,” says Michael Micheletti, chief communications officer at Unlock Technologies.
Home equity financing can also help you afford the required maintenance.
“Taking care of needed repairs also is part of most homeowners’ association regulations; many will impose fees if repairs are not attended to in a timely manner,” says Michaeletti.
When to not use home equity for spring repairs, according to experts
While using home equity for spring repairs is often helpful, not every homeowner benefits from this borrowing. Consider alternatives when:
You don’t have a clear repayment plan
Tapping into your home equity might help you afford the upfront cost of home renovations, but if you don’t have a clear repayment plan, you’re risking a lot.
“When you get a home equity loan or HELOC, it’s important to remember that the loan you’re obtaining is secured by your home as collateral. That means if you do not make timely payments on your loan, the lender has the right to foreclose,” says Miskunas.
So, make sure you know what you’re getting into ahead of time.
“If you don’t have a plan to repay the loan, don’t take the loan,” says Jacob.
You have significant high-interest debt
If you have a lot of existing high-interest debt, you might be better off taking care of that first, before making repairs or upgrades to your home. Rather, you might use home equity financing for debt consolidation instead, which could lower your monthly payments.
“If you have a lot of high-interest debt, like credit cards, use the loan to pay those off before you consider home improvements. We generally advise that you first reduce your debt payments as much as possible since you can then use the extra cash to make the improvements and save money for the long run,” says Jacob.
You’re planning to move soon
If you’re not going to keep your home for a while, it might not be worth going through the cost and effort of taking out a home equity loan and living through home improvement projects. Instead, you might let the next buyer deal with repairs.
“For most repairs, the price can be negotiated into the sale of the home,” notes Micheletti.
The bottom line
Tapping into your home equity can be a great way for many homeowners to afford home improvements this spring, and there are several ways to go about this borrowing. While home equity loans and HELOCs are popular options, some homeowners find that a cash-out refinance works best, such as if you have the ability to lower your overall mortgage rate. Also, some seniors might prefer taking out a reverse mortgage instead so they don’t have to pay back the loan while living in the home.
That said, borrowing against your home equity isn’t without risk. You want to make sure you can afford repayments or understand that it can affect your proceeds if selling your home — or if you move out, in the case of reverse mortgages.
The following is a sponsored partnership with Kudos. Have you heard about Kudos – the free AI-powered wallet that helps you get more out of your credit cards? In this Kudos Review 2024, I’ll explain how this desktop browser extension and iPhone app helps you earn the maximum rewards and benefits when shopping online. With…
The following is a sponsored partnership with Kudos.
Have you heard about Kudos – the free AI-powered wallet that helps you get more out of your credit cards? In this Kudos Review 2024, I’ll explain how this desktop browser extension and iPhone app helps you earn the maximum rewards and benefits when shopping online. With the average Kudos member earning $750 per year, you won’t want to miss out on this game-changing tool!
With Kudos, you can always choose the best card for maximum rewards at checkout, easily autofill your card information (including CCV) with just one click, find new cards that match your shopping preferences, and more.
Plus, Kudos has helped its members earn $150 million in rewards and counting!
The best part? Kudos is completely free. That’s right—no hidden fees. Just shop like you normally do, and Kudos automatically helps you during checkout to maximize your rewards.
If you don’t want to leave money on the table, there’s no reason not to use Kudos to take the guesswork out of deciding which credit card to use for each online purchase.
Personally, I find Kudos incredibly helpful. As someone with multiple rewards credit cards, each with their own unique benefits, Kudos saves me a ton of time by instantly identifying the best card to use for each transaction. This not only simplifies my life but also helps me earn more money!
This is great so that you are using the full potential of your credit cards.
And, even if you only have one credit card, Kudos is still helpful! This is because, at many online stores, you can still double your rewards for using the Kudos browser extension and earn points to put towards free gift cards.
You can download Kudos for free by clicking here.Plus, use code “CENTS” to earn $20 back after your first eligible Boost purchase.
Key Takeaways from this Kudos Review 2024
Kudos is a free AI-powered wallet that maximizes your credit card rewards when you shop online, whether you’re buying groceries, clothing, travel packages, furniture, or anything else—all with a single click.
With Kudos, you no longer have to guess which credit card to use for each purchase. Just shop like normal and Kudos will automatically recommend the best card to make sure you always earn the highest cashback, points, or miles on every transaction.
Kudos supports over 2 million stores, so you’re virtually guaranteed to find your favorite retailers and maximize your rewards with them.
Even if your credit card doesn’t typically offer rewards, you can still earn rewards by shopping through the Kudos browser extension at participating merchants.
Kudos is compatible with all major desktop browsers (Chrome, Safari, Edge) and is also available as an iPhone app, making it easy to boost your credit card rewards across every device.
Kudos Review 2024
Below is my Kudos review.
What is Kudos?
Kudos (also known as Kudos Technologies, Inc.) is a helpful AI-powered browser extension and app designed to help you make the most of your credit cards, particularly when shopping online. It was founded by Tikue Anazodo and Ahmad Ismail, and Kudos has been featured on Forbes, Yahoo Finance, Bloomberg, The Motley Fool, Nasdaq, and more.
Think of it as a smart wallet for your browser. Driven by the complex world of credit card rewards, the Kudos team created this tool to simplify the process.
Here’s how it shines: Select the cards you commonly use (without the need for any sensitive bank details) and Kudos tells you which one to use at checkout. You see, your cards might be packed with potential rewards for different spending categories—travel, groceries, or dining.
Different credit cards have so many different benefits (such as the rewards percentage, extended warranties, purchase protection, insurance, and more), which can be difficult to keep track of.
Kudos makes sure you’re using the best card possible to earn the most rewards, which is especially useful if you have more than one rewards credit card.
Members have collectively earned over $150 million in rewards with Kudos. On a personal level, you could boost your annual shopping rewards by an average of $750 just by using Kudos.
Plus, Kudos is super user-friendly. You can add it to your preferred desktop browser (Chrome, Safari, Edge) or use it on your iPhone, and it’s completely free. The service makes money by earning a small commission when you shop at participating stores or sign up for a card through their recommendations.
When you shop without Kudos, you could be missing out on opportunities to earn rewards with your purchases. Why miss out on potential earnings when Kudos provides a free and simple solution?
Kudos also has a really helpful Instagram account full of helpful credit card tips. I highly recommend checking that out here.
How Kudos works
Imagine you’re online shopping, ready to checkout, and you pause, thinking, which credit card do I use? That’s where Kudos steps in, always there to give you the best advice.
Kudos knows your cards and suggests which one to use at checkout. But how? First, you add your credit cards to the Kudos wallet. It’s safe and simple. When it’s time to buy something, Kudos pops up and says, “Hey, use this card!” Why? Because it’s the card that will give you the most rewards or savings for that purchase.
Here are the steps to get started:
Download the Kudos browser extension (takes less than a minute to do) on your desktop browser (Chrome, Safari, Edge) or iPhone. You’ll also answer basic questions like your name and the type of credit card you have (such as the Chase Freedom card).
Shop like you normally do.
Once you’re ready to checkout, Kudos will automatically appear to let you know which credit card you should use to get the most rewards and benefits.
Click the card you want to use and Kudos will then autofill the card info, making checkout a breeze.
What stores does Kudos work on?
Kudos works at over 2 million online stores and with over 3,000 credit cards – so there’s a very good chance that it’ll work for you.
Don’t see a store supported or can’t find your card? Their support team is super responsive and will help you out!
Kudos vs. other rewards tools: What sets Kudos apart?
When it comes to maximizing credit card rewards, Kudos stands out from other popular tools like Rakuten, Honey, and Capital One Shopping.
While these platforms primarily focus on providing cashback offers or coupon codes, Kudos takes a more comprehensive approach to optimize your entire credit card strategy.
What sets Kudos apart is its AI-powered technology that analyzes your specific credit cards and spending habits to recommend the best card for each purchase.
This makes sure that you’re not only earning cashback but also maximizing your points, miles, and other card-specific perks. By considering factors like bonus categories, statement credits, and exclusive benefits, Kudos helps you get the most value out of your credit cards.
Key Features of Kudos
When shopping online, you want to stretch your dollar as far as it can go. Kudos has features that make this easy by helping you get the most out of your credit cards such as:
Maximize your credit card rewards
When you’re shopping online, Kudos helps you pick the best card to use to maximize your rewards and benefits.
With Kudos, you no longer have to guess which credit card to use. This AI-powered wallet automatically recommends the best card for each purchase, making sure you always receive the highest cashback, points, or miles possible.
I personally didn’t even know that one of my credit cards had some of the benefits that Kudos listed, and I can’t believe I had been wasting so much money by skipping out on such a valuable benefit! Kudos makes it very easy for me to see my card’s benefits all in one easy place.
Plus, if you’d like, you can add your credit card information to Kudos, and Kudos will autofill your card info (including CCV) to make checking out fast.
Another way that Kudos helps you earn more rewards is because Kudos helps you build your Dream Wallet so you can get the most out of your everyday purchases. You’ll go through a quick quiz to help Kudos gather information about your needs.
Double your rewards with Kudos Boost
With Kudos, you can increase the amount you can get in credit card rewards with just one click.
If you usually earn 4% cash back when shopping at sites like Walmart or Sephora, you’ll now earn a total of 8% back with Kudos Boost. The best part? You can earn Boost at participating stores even if your card doesn’t offer its own rewards.
Kudos Boost are reward points you earn by shopping at Boost merchants.
It works like this:
Shop at one of Kudos’ 15,000 participating Boost merchants
Click “Activate Boost” on the bottom right corner of the screen
Use Kudos at checkout – At checkout, Kudos will find your best credit card to use, autofill the payment forms, and match your credit card rewards.
Redeem rewards for a gift card
You’ll receive an email from Kudos around 1-2 days after completing an eligible transaction. After the store confirms your purchase it usually takes between 60 to 120 days for your rewards to be available, and you can then find your rewards on your Activity page on Kudos.
When you’ve earned 1,000 Kudos Boost points (equal to $10.00 USD), you can exchange them for an Amazon gift card.
Receive personalized credit card recommendations
Stop wasting time opening up credit card application pages on incognito. You can receive access to elevated card offers on Kudos’ Explore Tool through their partnership with The Points Guy.
So, if you are looking for a new credit card, use Kudos to help filter the best one for you and your situation and compare different cards in one easy place.
For example, Kudos member Christina L. was able to get 150,000 Membership Rewards points after spending $6,000 on the Amex Platinum card within the first three months of account opening. That’s almost double the 80,000 points after spending $8,000 found on the American Express website!
Answer all your credit card questions with MariaGPT
Maria GPT is an AI-powered, personalized assistant designed to answer all your credit card questions, available on the Kudos mobile app.
She can help you understand the benefits of your current cards and offer personalized suggestions for new cards based on your spending habits, goals, and objectives.
Frequently Asked Questions about Kudos Review 2024
Below are common questions about Kudos, the free AI-powered wallet.
Is Kudos free to use?
Kudos is free to use.
How does Kudos make money?
Kudos earns a small affiliate commission when you make an online purchase at one of their participating merchants. Additionally, if you use the Kudos Explore Tool to apply for a new credit card, Kudos may receive a payment from the credit card issuer.
Is there a Kudos referral code?
Yes! Sign-up for Kudos for free and use the Kudos referral code “CENTS” to earn $20.00 back after your first eligible Boost purchase.
How much can you earn with Kudos?
On average, Kudos members earn $750 per year in rewards by using the app to maximize their earnings.
Do I need to provide my credit card numbers to use Kudos?
No, you don’t need to enter your credit card numbers to use Kudos. Simply select the cards you have in your wallet, and Kudos will help you maximize your benefits at checkout. Providing your credit card information is optional if you want to speed up the checkout process.
Can I use Kudos with other browser extensions?
If you use Kudos Boost and then activate another rewards program like Rakuten, Honey, Capital One Shopping, or others during the same shopping session, Kudos may not be able to earn an affiliate commission. To make sure you get maximum rewards, it’s best to use Kudos exclusively during your online shopping.
Is Kudos wallet legit?
Yes, Kudos is a legitimate browser extension and app used by over 200,000 shoppers who have earned over $150 million in rewards. You can find genuine user reviews on trusted platforms like Trustpilot, Chrome Web Store (4.8/5 stars from 667+ reviews), and the Apple App Store (4.7/5 stars from 3,500+ reviews).
Is Kudos safe and secure?
Yes, Kudos prioritizes user security and employs industry-leading protocols, including bank-grade 256-bit encryption, to safeguard your data. Kudos handles your personal and financial information with the utmost care and never sells or shares it with third parties. You can feel confident and secure when using the Kudos browser extension and app.
My Kudos Review 2024: Final Thoughts
I hope you found this Kudos review informative and helpful in understanding how this AI-powered wallet can help you maximize your credit card rewards.
Navigating the world of credit card rewards can be overwhelming, but Kudos simplifies the process with its intelligent recommendations. By analyzing a database of over 3,000 cards, Kudos ensures you always use the best card for each purchase, boosting your rewards effortlessly.
In addition to its AI-driven recommendations, Kudos streamlines your online shopping experience with a one-click autofill feature. This not only saves you time but also guarantees that you’re always using the card with the most advantageous benefits for each transaction.
Personally, I find Kudos to be a must-have shopping tool. As someone with multiple rewards credit cards, each with their own unique perks, trying to determine which card to use for every purchase can be time-consuming and confusing. Kudos eliminates this hassle by automatically identifying the best card for each transaction, allowing me to maximize my rewards efficiently.
Even if you only have a single credit card, Kudos can still help you earn more rewards. By shopping through the Kudos browser extension at thousands of participating online stores, you can accumulate points that can be redeemed for free gift cards. This means that regardless of how many credit cards you have, Kudos enables you to optimize your rewards earning potential.
Kudos also helps users find new credit cards through its partnership with The Points Guy, a well-known credit card rewards and travel website. By using the CardMatch service, Kudos helps users find the best credit card offers tailored to their specific needs and spending habits. This feature is particularly useful for those looking to expand their credit card portfolio and maximize their rewards earning potential across multiple cards.
You can sign up for Kudos for free by clicking here.
Do you use Kudos? What other questions do you have for this Kudos review?
Real estate investments make money through appreciation and rental income. Real estate can diversify a portfolio and act as a hedge against inflation, since landlords can pass rising costs to tenants. But the down payment on multifamily investment properties? At least 20%, or 25% to get a better rate.
It’s true that eligible borrowers may use a 0% down U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loan for a property with up to four units as long as they live there. But those loans serve a relative few and are considered residential financing. Properties with more than four units are considered commercial.
So how can a cash-poor but curiosity-rich person tap the potential of multifamily properties? By not footing the entire bill themselves.
Can You Buy a Multifamily Property With No Money?
When you buy real estate, you typically have two options: Buy with cash or finance your purchase with a mortgage loan.
There are various types of mortgages. If you take out a home loan, you’ll likely need to pay a portion of the purchase price in cash in the form of a down payment. The minimum down payment you make will depend on the type of mortgage you choose — the average down payment on a house is well under 20% — and it will help determine what terms and interest rates you’ll be offered by lenders.
This money needs to come from somewhere, but it doesn’t necessarily need to come from your own savings account. When investors buy multifamily properties with “no money down,” it just means they are using little to no personal money to cover the upfront costs.
If you don’t have much cash of your own, there are several ways that you can fund the purchase of a multifamily investment property. 💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($766,550 in most places, or $1,149,825 in many high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.
6 Ways to Pay for a Multifamily Property
Find a Co-Borrower
If you don’t have the money to front the costs of a property yourself, you may be able to partner with a family member, friend, or business partner. They may have the money to cover the down payment, and you might pull your weight by researching properties or managing them.
When you co-borrow with someone, you’ll each be responsible for the monthly mortgage payments. You’ll also share profits in the form of rents or capital gains if you sell the property.
Give an Equity Share
You may give an equity investor a share in the property to cover the down payment. Say a multifamily property costs $750,000, and you need a 20% down payment. An equity investor could give you $150,000 in exchange for 20% of the monthly rental income and 20% of the profit when the property is sold.
Borrow From a Hard Money Lender
Hard money loans are offered by private lenders or investors, not banks. The mortgage underwriting process tends to be less strict than that of traditional mortgages. Depending on the property you want to buy, no down payment may be required.
These loans (also called bridge loans) have high interest rates and short terms — one to three years is typical — with interest-only payments the norm. For this reason, they may be used by investors who may be looking to flip the property in short order, allowing them to make a profit and pay off the loan quickly.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
House Hack
House hacking refers to leveraging property you already own to generate income. For example, you might rent out an in-law suite or list your property on Airbnb.
Another option: You could rent out your primary residence and move into one of the units in a multifamily property you buy. This way, you’d probably generate more income than if you had rented out the unit to a tenant.
Finally, you could hop on the ADU bandwagon if you own a single-family home. Accessory dwelling units can take the form of a converted garage, an attached or detached unit, or an interior conversion. The rental income can be sizable. To fund a new ADU, homeowners may tap home equity, look into cash-out refinancing, or even use a personal loan.
Seek Seller Financing
If you don’t have the cash for a down payment on a property, you may be able to forgo financing from a lending institution and get help instead from the seller.
With owner financing, there are no minimum down payment requirements. Several types of seller financing arrangements exist:
• All-inclusive mortgage: The seller extends credit for the entire purchase price of the home, less any down payment.
• Junior mortgage: The buyer finances a portion of the sales price through a lending institution, while the seller finances the difference.
• Land contracts: The buyer and seller share ownership until the buyer makes the final payment on the property and receives the deed.
• Lease purchase: The buyer leases the property from the seller for a set period of time, after which the owner agrees to sell the property at previously agreed-upon terms. Lease payments may count toward the purchase price.
• Assumable mortgage: A buyer may be able to take over a seller’s mortgage if the lender approves and the buyer qualifies. FHA, VA, and USDA loans are assumable mortgages.
Invest Indirectly
Not everyone wants to become a landlord in order to add real estate to their portfolio. Luckily, they can invest indirectly, including through crowdfunding sites and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2013 allows real estate investors to pool their money through online real estate crowdfunding platforms to buy multifamily and other types of properties. The platforms give average investors access to real estate options that were once only available to the very wealthy.
REITs are companies that own various types of real estate, including apartment buildings. Investors can buy shares on the open market, and the company passes along the profits generated by rent. To qualify as a REIT, the company must pass along at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders each year.
As investment opportunities go, REITs can be a good choice for passive-income investors. 💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.
The Takeaway
Buying a multifamily property with no money down is possible if you take the roads less traveled, including leveraging other people’s money. And if you have the means to make a down payment on a property, your first step is to research possible home mortgage loans.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Can I buy a multifamily home with an FHA loan?
It is possible to buy a property with up to four units with a standard mortgage backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) if the buyer plans to live in one of the units for at least a year. The FHA considers homes with up to four units single-family housing. The down payment could be as low as 3.5%. There are loan limits.
A rarer product, an FHA multifamily loan, may be used to buy a property with five or more units. The down payment is higher. You’ll pay mortgage insurance premiums upfront and annually for any FHA loan.
Is a multifamily property considered a commercial property?
Properties with five or more units are generally considered commercial real estate. Commercial real estate loans usually have shorter terms, and higher interest rates and down payment requirements than residential loans. They almost always include a prepayment penalty.
Photo credit: iStock/jsmith
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Average mortgage rates inched lower yesterday. But all that did was wipe out last Friday’s similarly tiny rise.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might barely budge. However, these early mini-trends often alter direction or speed as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.302%
7.353%
+0.01
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.757%
6.836%
+0.01
30-year fixed FHA
7.064%
7.111%
-0.07
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.888%
8.036%
+0.12
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.199%
7.257%
+0.05
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.663%
6.737%
+0.06
30-year fixed VA
7.292%
7.332%
+0.01
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
This morning’s Financial Times reports, “While the base case remains a reduction in borrowing costs, the options market shows a 20% probability of an increase.” That means most investors think the Federal Reserve will cut general interest rates this year, but they reckon there’s a 20% chance of the central bank actually hiking them. That’s new and scary.
Although the Fed doesn’t directly determine mortgage rates it has a huge influence on the bond market that does. And I very much doubt mortgage rates will fall consistently before the Fed signals that a cut in general interest rates is imminent. And a Fed rate hike is likely to send mortgage rates much higher: maybe back up to 8% or beyond.
So my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes edged down to 4.6% from 4.64%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices decreased to $81.59 from $82.06 a barrel. (Good for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices fell to $2,333 from $2,350 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — climbed to 40 from 33 out of 100. (Bad for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to be unchanged or close to unchanged. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Today
This morning’s two April purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) will likely be good for mortgage rates. These “flashes” (initial readings and subject to revision) are both from S&P.
Here are this morning’s actual numbers in bold, alongside the prepublication consensus forecasts, according to MarketWatch, together with the March actual figures:
Services PMI — 50.9 actual; 52 expected; 51.7 in March
Manufacturing PMI — 51.1 actual; 52 expected; 51.9 in March
You can see that the PMIs were worse than expected, which is typically good news for mortgage rates.
Tomorrow
Tomorrow’s durable goods orders for March rarely affect mortgage rates. And they’d need to contain some pretty shocking data to do so tomorrow.
Markets are expecting those orders to have risen by 2.6% in March compared to a 1.3% increase in February. They’ll probably need to be significantly higher than 2.% to exert upward pressure on mortgage rates and appreciably lower to push them downward.
The rest of this week
Nothing has changed since yesterday concerning economic reports due on Thursday and Friday. So, I’ll repeat what I wrote yesterday:
We’re due the first reading of gross domestic product (GDP) for the January-March quarter on Thursday. And that could have a larger effect than PMIs and durable goods orders, depending on the gap between expectations and actuals.
But Friday’s personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index for March is this week’s star report. That’s the Federal Reserve’s favorite gauge of inflation. And it could certainly affect mortgage rates, possibly appreciably.
The next meeting of the Fed’s rate-setting committee is scheduled to start on Apr. 30 and last two days. So, the PCE price index will be the last inflation report it sees before making decisions.
And index that shows inflation cooling could change the mood at that meeting. True, it’s vanishingly unlikely that a cut to general interest rates will be unveiled on May 1 no matter what.
But a PCE price index that shows inflation cooling could help the Fed to move forward with cuts earlier than expected, which should cause mortgage rates to fall. Unfortunately, one that suggests inflation remains hot or is getting hotter could send those rates higher.
I’ll brief you more fully on each potentially significant report on the day before it’s published.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Apr. 18 report put that same weekly average at 7.1%, up from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Mar. 19 and the MBA’s on Apr. 18.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.7%
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
MBA
6.8%
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
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You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
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Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
In real estate investing, the BRRRR strategy is a powerful tool for building wealth. Here’s a BRRRR case study on one of my rentals. You’ll see how this strategy can be applied, showcasing the potential for significant equity growth and cash flow generation.
Table of Contents
What is BRRRR?
BRRRR stands for Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat. It’s a cyclical process where you:
Buy an undervalued property.
Rehab the property to increase its value.
Rent out the property to generate income.
Refinance the property to take cash out based on the increased value.
Repeat the process with the withdrawn cash to acquire more properties.
See my full BRRRR guide here: How to use the BRRRR Method to Buy Rentals With Less Money
You can also use my BRRRR calculator.
The Case Study
I’m a real estate investor with years of experience with the BRRRR strategy. I’ll show how I used it on a property I bought back in 2012. Here’s a breakdown of the journey:
Buying at a Discount: I purchased the property for $109,000, securing a good deal through a short sale.
Rehabilitation: Minor repairs and cosmetic upgrades were done for around $12,000.
Renting for Cash Flow: The property was rented out for $1,300 per month.
Cash-Out Refinance: Two years later, after property values appreciated, I refinanced the property at $143,500. This allowed me to recoup his initial investment and repairs, along with an additional $17,000.
The Results: Today, the property is estimated to be worth $415,000. I enjoy a positive cash flow even after factoring in property management and enjoy significant equity in the property.
Video of BRRRR Case Study
Key Takeaways
Buying below market value creates instant equity.
Refinancing can be a powerful tool to access capital for further investment.
BRRRR allows you to build wealth through both cash flow and equity appreciation.
Important Considerations
Not all properties are suitable for BRRRR. Careful analysis is crucial.
Market conditions can impact the success of the strategy.
Refinancing involves additional costs and considerations.
Conclusion
The BRRRR strategy, as demonstrated in this case study, can be a successful approach to real estate investing. By strategically acquiring properties, making improvements, and leveraging refinancing, investors can build wealth and achieve financial freedom.
Are you interested in learning more about the BRRRR strategy and how it can benefit you?