Investors evaluating precious metals often ask: gold vs silver, which is better for investors? In this comparison, discover the investment merits of gold’s stability and silver’s industrial relevance, geared towards helping you decide which metal suits your financial strategy. Without leaning towards one or the other, this article presents a balanced view to inform your choice.
Key Takeaways
Gold and silver serve as a store of value and a hedge against inflation, with gold mainly being an investment asset while silver has significant industrial applications, impacting their price volatility and investment suitability.
Gold is revered as a safe haven asset, attracting investment during economic turmoil and serving as an inflation hedge, while silver’s dual role in industry and investment sectors offers growth potential and affordability.
Investors should consider precious metals within a diversified portfolio and can choose between physical metals, ETFs, or mining stocks, each with its own benefits and risks, and should evaluate after-inflation returns and personal financial goals to decide between gold and silver.
Gold and silver, the titans of precious metals, have long served as a reliable store of value and an effective inflation hedge. While gold primarily functions as an investment asset, offering potential for significant returns to those with larger capital, silver boasts an additional industrial role, broadening its appeal. However, investing in these precious metals isn’t as simple as stashing bars or coins in a safe. It involves dealing with price volatility and aligning your investment with long-term goals.
Adopting a buy-and-hold approach may serve investors best over the long term when investing in gold and silver. But why? It’s because the prices of these metals are shaped by a vast array of factors. Geopolitical issues, economic turmoil, and demands in the industrial sector all play a part in the daily dance of gold and silver prices. Understanding these factors can help you make informed decisions about when and how much to invest.
So why consider precious metals as part of your investment portfolio? They offer a unique combination of benefits:
Gold, with its reputation as a safe haven, attracts those looking for stability amidst market chaos
Silver, with its dual role in the industrial and investment sectors, offers an affordable entry point for investors with smaller capital
Both metals provide a robust way to diversify your portfolio and protect against inflation.
Understanding Gold’s Position as a Safe Haven Asset
Gold has long been a symbol of stability and security in the financial world. Its glittering history spans centuries, maintaining its value even in times of economic turmoil. It’s no wonder that in periods of global uncertainty or financial crises, investors often flock to gold, buoying its value and cementing its reputation as a safe haven.
One of gold’s most notable features is its role as an inflation hedge. As the cost of living increases, inflation hedge gold has shown a remarkable ability to preserve the real value of assets. This unique characteristic comes from how gold’s supply growth aligns with long-term global economic growth, helping to maintain its value during inflationary periods. This resilience, coupled with the tendency of investors to shift towards gold as a safe haven during inflation, can drive up its demand and price.
Given these factors, it’s clear why gold holds a revered place in the financial market. Whether you’re looking for a buffer against economic instability or an asset that can protect your buying power in the face of rising prices, gold stands firm as a reliable safe haven asset.
Silver’s Dual Role: Industrial Demand and Investment Segment
While gold may steal the spotlight for its luster and stability, silver plays a shining role of its own. Apart from being an investment asset, silver’s widespread industrial applications can drive up its price and enhance its investment appeal. In 2023, industrial applications reached a new record high, with photovoltaics usage increasing by a staggering 64%. China’s industrial demand for silver surged by 44% in the same year, predominantly driven by growth in green applications such as:
photovoltaics
solar panels
batteries
electronics
medical devices
These industrial applications highlight the versatility and value of both silver and silver bullion coins as an investment.
Due to its significant industrial use and affordable price point, silver is an accessible option for investors with smaller amounts of capital. However, the silver lining has a cloud. During economic downturns, silver’s industrial use can result in a drop in demand and a corresponding price drop. This volatility underscores the need for investors to consider their risk tolerance when investing in silver.
Despite its volatility, the forecast for silver demand in 2024 predicts a growth of 2%, with industrial production expected to achieve new records. This projected growth, along with silver’s role in portfolio diversification and potential for future price appreciation, suggests that silver’s investment appeal may shine brighter in the future.
Including gold and silver in a diversified portfolio can enhance performance during market volatility and inflation. Financial advisors often suggest allocating 5-10% of an investment portfolio to commodities like gold and silver for diversification purposes. The logic is simple: gold offers diversification due to its historically low correlation with other financial assets such as stocks and bonds.
The inclusion of gold and silver, primarily an investment asset class, which unlike an asset produces cash flow, can act as an uncorrelated asset relative to equities, serving to diminish the total volatility of the portfolio.
Some benefits of including silver in your portfolio are:
Silver has significant industrial applications
It is positively correlated with periods of economic growth
Anticipated growth in areas such as renewable energy and artificial intelligence suggests an expanding demand for silver.
However, it’s crucial for investors to consider the following factors when determining the fit of precious metals within their investment strategies:
Potential costs for secure storage of precious metals
The speculative nature of precious metals
Due diligence and careful consideration of your financial circumstances
As with any investment decision, due diligence and careful consideration of your financial circumstances are key, including addressing portfolio risk management requirements.
While investing in physical precious metals has its appeal, precious metal mining stocks offer an intriguing alternative. Gold stocks provide a leveraged play that can outperform physical gold when prices rise, offering substantial potential for capital gains. The reason? Mining stocks do not just reflect the value of the precious metal. They also include the prospects of mining companies themselves.
Compared to physical gold, gold stocks offer several advantages:
They are more liquid and can be easily bought and sold.
They can provide additional income through dividends paid by established, profitable mining companies.
Investors can benefit from the expansion of mining operations and reap profits from significant new gold discoveries.
These advantages make gold stocks an enticing option for those looking to diversify their portfolio.
Moreover, by choosing gold mining stocks, investors can avoid the extra costs associated with the storage and security of physical gold. This can make gold stocks a more convenient and cost-effective alternative for investors who want exposure to gold without the logistical challenges of owning physical metal.
Physical Bullion vs. ETFs: Choosing Your Investment Vehicle
When considering precious metals as part of your investment strategy, it’s essential to explore all available options. Physical bullion and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) present two distinct investment vehicles, each with its own set of advantages and challenges. Gold ETFs, for instance, offer enhanced liquidity compared to physical gold, allowing investors to quickly buy and sell shares without facing the logistical challenges tied to physical transactions of gold.
Investing in gold ETFs can also be more cost-effective over time. Investors do not have to deal with the costs of purchasing and maintaining physical gold, and the responsibilities of securing and insuring the physical gold are professionally managed by the fund. However, it’s crucial to remember that the value of shares in gold ETFs may not track the price of gold precisely, as the fund’s expenses could slightly erode the value of these shares over time.
On the other hand, investing in physical gold comes with its own set of considerations. Apart from the allure of owning a tangible asset, investors must account for costs such as storage fees, insurance, and potentially higher dealer premiums over the market price. Additionally, purchasing physical gold requires vigilance due to the risks of scams, necessitating transactions with reputable dealers and possible appraisal costs, which add to the overall investment expense.
Evaluating After-Inflation Returns: Gold vs. Silver
When it comes to returns, it’s crucial to look beyond the nominal figures and consider the real value – the after-inflation returns. And in this regard, the performance of gold and silver may not be as glittering as one might expect. However, these precious metals have historically provided a hedge against inflation, offering returns that outpace inflation over certain periods. Here are some key points to consider:
Gold and silver can serve as a portfolio diversifier, helping to reduce risk.
Silver, due to its abundance, may have less upside potential compared to gold.
Both gold and silver have historically provided a hedge against inflation.
While the after-inflation returns of gold and silver may not always be stellar, considering past investment product performance, they can still play a valuable role in a well-diversified investment portfolio, remaining steady amid inflation uncertainties.
Gold tends to perform well during economic downturns and protections against inflation; studies confirm a positive correlation between the rising cost of living and the value of both precious metals. This ability to preserve wealth becomes particularly valuable during periods of high inflation, increasing their attractiveness as part of an investment strategy.
While the after-inflation returns for gold and silver may not be highly impressive when compared to other investments, rising inflation typically enhances their attractiveness as part of an investment strategy. This context underscores the importance of considering multiple factors – including inflation, market conditions, and personal financial goals – when evaluating the potential returns on your investment in gold and silver.
Making the Decision: Should You Buy Gold or Silver?
So, armed with all this knowledge, how do you decide between gold and silver? The answer isn’t one-size-fits-all. Investors should assess their individual financial circumstances and objectives when considering gold or silver investments, as the suitability can greatly vary depending on personal financial situations and goals.
The choice between gold or silver as a better investment option hinges largely on the individual’s risk tolerance and comfort with each investment strategy. It’s crucial to remember that while both precious metals can serve as hedges against inflation and economic downturns, they also present unique risks and opportunities. For instance, gold’s role as a safe haven asset may appeal to those seeking stability, while silver’s industrial applications and lower price point could attract investors looking for growth and affordability.
Before making the final call, it’s advisable to seek the guidance of a financial advisor to evaluate the appropriateness of gold or silver investments for your portfolio. Additionally, conducting independent research into gold and silver investment strategies can help you make a well-informed decision. Armed with knowledge and guided by your financial goals, you are well-equipped to make the golden (or silver) choice that’s right for you.
Summary
When it comes to precious metals, gold and silver stand as powerful contenders. Their unique characteristics offer distinct advantages for investors, making them an appealing inclusion in a diversified portfolio. Gold, with its safe-haven status, serves as a buffer against economic instability, while silver, with its industrial applications and affordable price, presents growth opportunities and accessibility to investors.
Ultimately, the decision to invest in gold, silver, precious metal mining stocks, or any other asset class should be guided by a thorough understanding of your financial goals, risk tolerance, and market conditions. It’s not about choosing the shiniest option, but the one that aligns best with your investment strategy and financial aspirations. So, whether you’re drawn to the allure of gold or the versatility of silver, remember – knowledge is the most precious asset of all.
Frequently Asked Questions
What factors influence the price of gold and silver?
The prices of gold and silver are influenced by various factors, including global economic stability, inflation rates, currency values, interest rates, and mining supply. Geopolitical events and investor sentiment can also cause significant price fluctuations.
Can I invest in gold and silver without owning physical metals?
Yes, investors can gain exposure to gold and silver without owning physical metals by investing in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mining stocks, or mutual funds that focus on precious metals.
How does the industrial demand for silver affect its investment value?
The industrial demand for silver, particularly in technology and renewable energy sectors, can significantly affect its investment value. As demand for industrial applications rises, the price of silver may increase, potentially offering capital gains to investors.
What risks are associated with investing in precious metals?
Investing in precious metals carries risks such as market volatility, liquidity issues, and potential losses if prices decline. Additionally, physical metal investments may incur costs for storage and insurance.
Are there any tax considerations when investing in gold and silver?
Yes, there are tax considerations when investing in gold and silver. Capital gains on precious metals may be subject to taxation, and the tax treatment may differ depending on the investment vehicle (e.g., physical metals, ETFs, stocks). A tax professional can help you with this.
How do geopolitical events impact gold and silver prices?
Geopolitical events can have a significant impact on gold and silver prices. Uncertainty and instability often lead investors to seek safe-haven assets like gold, which can drive up prices. Conversely, positive geopolitical developments can reduce demand for safe havens, potentially lowering prices.
What is the best way to track the prices of gold and silver?
Investors can track the prices of gold and silver through financial news websites, commodity exchanges, and market data services. Many investment platforms also provide real-time pricing information for precious metals.
How do central bank policies affect gold and silver investments?
Central bank policies, such as interest rate adjustments and quantitative easing, can affect the value of currencies and influence investor sentiment towards precious metals. Policies that lead to currency devaluation can increase the attractiveness of gold and silver as a store of value.
I want to sell you a piece of The Best Interest. It’s $100 per share.
I also guarantee it will be worth $110 tomorrow. Yes, an instant 10% profit in just one day. The guarantee is part of my magical powers. It’s my hypothetical, after all. It’s truly zero risk.
Hopefully we all agree my offer would instantly sell out. Every $100 share would sell because the idea of a risk-free, 1-day return of 10% is too good to pass up. As Warren Buffett would say, “I’m selling a dollar for 90 cents.”
That’s demand. As in “supply and demand.” The outrageous demand for $100 shares would catch my eye. Demand demands higher prices. Would people buy them for $101? Or more? The answer is: “Of course.”
So I’d raise the price to $101, then $102, etc. At each stop, the demand for guaranteed 1-day returns (9%, 8%, or even lower) would still be high. Rinse and repeat, the demand justifies higher and higher prices. But eventually, we’d hit an equilibrium where the size of the 1-day guaranteed return would be on par with other options in the investment universe. The demand would level off, as would the appropriate price.
For example, the overnight U.S. Treasury rate is 5.33% as of this writing (that’s an annualized rate), which equates to a 0.014% return per day. If my shares of The Best Interest are guaranteed to sell for $110 tomorrow AND the guarantee (a.k.a. the risk) is on par with that of U.S. Treasury notes, then we should discount my shares down 0.014% to about $109.98 today.
The more guaranteed an investment’s return, the closer that return will resemble the US Treasury’s risk-free rate. The less guaranteed a return, the more we, as investors, need to demand a larger reward.
That’s a fundamental tenet of investing. The logic works in reverse, too: the larger the reward we seek, the less guaranteed any return will be.
US Treasury notes are the baseline. The return is guaranteed over a short timeline, with the full faith and credit of the US government. It’s considered the closest thing to a guarantee in the investment universe. Therefore, US Treasury note returns are lower than any risk-bearing asset.
When we move up the risk spectrum to stocks, we expect a larger return. But must accept more volatility and the realistic probablitity that our investment will lose money, especially over short timelines.
If stocks were as guaranteed as bonds, stocks would have the same return as bonds. We don’t want that! We want more returns. The only way we’ll get there is by stomaching more risk. That’s the risk premium.
To visualize this idea, we need to overlay the following two graphs on top of one another. More risk equates to more expected return, but also to a significantly wider range of potential outcomes, including negative outcomes.
When novice investors say, “I want high returns, but only if it’s low risk,” they ask for the impossible.
If such an investment existed—just like my initial offering of shares of The Best Interest, a guaranteed 10% overnight—hungry investors would devour it. Their demand would spike the investment’s price. That higher price would squeeze away the expected return until the investment’s risk/reward profile reached equilibrium with the rest of the investable universe.
Anyone who, for example, guarantees the returns of stocks is fundamentally mistaken. This includes J.L. Collins 🙂
We can speak in probabilities and suggest that, over long timelines, stocks will probably have strong returns. But that’s not a guarantee. There’s risk involved. And that very risk is the only reason why stocks’ probable strong returns exist in the first place! Whoa! Circular!
Risk and reward. Demand and price. These ideas are intrinsically linked, and every intelligent investor needs to understand that.
Thank you for reading! If you enjoyed this article, join 8000+ subscribers who read my 2-minute weekly email, where I send you links to the smartest financial content I find online every week.
-Jesse
Want to learn more about The Best Interest’s back story? Read here.
Looking for a great personal finance book, podcast, or other recommendation? Check out my favorites.
Was this post worth sharing? Click the buttons below to share!
Lloyds profits fall as competition for mortgages heats up
Pre-tax profits drop to £1.6bn between January and March, down from £2.3bn last year
Business live – latest updates
Lloyds Banking Group has suffered a 28% drop in first-quarter profits amid tough competition for mortgages and savings, but bosses said they expected those pressures to soon ease, helped by an improving UK economy.
The country’s largest mortgage lender, which also owns the Halifax brand, said pre-tax profits dropped to £1.6bn between January and March, having fallen from £2.3bn last year when rising interest rates boosted the lender’s profits by almost 50%.
The bank’s chief financial officer, William Chalmers, said this reflected “keen pricing in the mortgage markets, and savings moving into higher rate accounts”. Competition and jitters in the mortgage market led to a drop in its total outstanding loan book.
It resulted in a 10% drop in net interest income, which accounts for the difference in loan charges versus what is paid out to savers, to £3.2bn in the three months to March.
Pressure from politicians and regulators to pass on interest rates to savers at the same rate they had been raising mortgage and loan charges has squeezed income for major mortgage providers such as Lloyds in recent months.
In response, banks have had to compete harder for customer deposits by offering more substantial returns, particularly on fixed savings products where consumers lock away cash for longer. It attracted £1.3bn in regular customer deposits but that failed to make up for the £3.5bn pulled by business clients.
However, Chalmers said these savings and mortgage pressures were likely to “ease through 2024”, as economic conditions continued to improve.
House prices, which Lloyds previously expected to fall by 2.2% in 2024, are forecast to rise by 1.5% by the end of the year.
The banking group, often seen as a bellwether for the UK economy, is also forecasting a steady improvement in economic growth, at a rate of 0.3% in most quarters and a drop in inflation to 2.4% – from 3.2% in March – resulting in a fall in interest rates to 4.5% by December. It expects the Bank of England to cut rates three times in 2024, starting in the middle of the year.
Chalmers said mortgage applications had already soared by 20% in the first quarter, which could translate into new home loans, and reverse some of its loan book losses. That partly reflected the group’s willingness to offer better interest rates in order to boost lending.
“We’re really pleased to see the pickup in applications, and development of our market share, in that respect. And I think that represents what is a series of competitive offers out there in the market, suiting our customer needs. We’d hope to maintain that ambition over the course of the year,” Chalmers said.
Overall, the banking boss said he expected the UK mortgage market to pick up by 5% by the end of 2024. “We’d hope to play a major part in it,” Chalmers added.
The improved economic outlook meant the bank was more confident that customers could repay their loans. Despite the cost of living crisis and higher mortgage repayments, which have weighed on borrowers, Lloyds set aside £57m for potential defaults, compared with £243m last year.
The Lloyds chief executive, Charlie Nunn, said: “The group is continuing to deliver in line with expectations in the first quarter of 2024, with solid net income, cost discipline and strong asset quality. Our performance provides us with further confidence around our strategic ambitions and 2024 and 2026 guidance.”
Investors had also been hoping for updates on the Financial Conduct Authority investigation into whether consumers have been charged inflated prices for car loans. Lloyds, which has the largest car loan division of the four biggest UK banks, has already put aside £450m – far short of the £2bn that analysts believe it could be on the hook for.
However, Lloyds did not give any more details about whether it might put aside more cash to cover potential fines or compensation for customers. The FCA has indicated that it will give more details on its findings by the autumn.
Real estate investments make money through appreciation and rental income. Real estate can diversify a portfolio and act as a hedge against inflation, since landlords can pass rising costs to tenants. But the down payment on multifamily investment properties? At least 20%, or 25% to get a better rate.
It’s true that eligible borrowers may use a 0% down U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loan for a property with up to four units as long as they live there. But those loans serve a relative few and are considered residential financing. Properties with more than four units are considered commercial.
So how can a cash-poor but curiosity-rich person tap the potential of multifamily properties? By not footing the entire bill themselves.
Can You Buy a Multifamily Property With No Money?
When you buy real estate, you typically have two options: Buy with cash or finance your purchase with a mortgage loan.
There are various types of mortgages. If you take out a home loan, you’ll likely need to pay a portion of the purchase price in cash in the form of a down payment. The minimum down payment you make will depend on the type of mortgage you choose — the average down payment on a house is well under 20% — and it will help determine what terms and interest rates you’ll be offered by lenders.
This money needs to come from somewhere, but it doesn’t necessarily need to come from your own savings account. When investors buy multifamily properties with “no money down,” it just means they are using little to no personal money to cover the upfront costs.
If you don’t have much cash of your own, there are several ways that you can fund the purchase of a multifamily investment property. 💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($766,550 in most places, or $1,149,825 in many high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.
6 Ways to Pay for a Multifamily Property
Find a Co-Borrower
If you don’t have the money to front the costs of a property yourself, you may be able to partner with a family member, friend, or business partner. They may have the money to cover the down payment, and you might pull your weight by researching properties or managing them.
When you co-borrow with someone, you’ll each be responsible for the monthly mortgage payments. You’ll also share profits in the form of rents or capital gains if you sell the property.
Give an Equity Share
You may give an equity investor a share in the property to cover the down payment. Say a multifamily property costs $750,000, and you need a 20% down payment. An equity investor could give you $150,000 in exchange for 20% of the monthly rental income and 20% of the profit when the property is sold.
Borrow From a Hard Money Lender
Hard money loans are offered by private lenders or investors, not banks. The mortgage underwriting process tends to be less strict than that of traditional mortgages. Depending on the property you want to buy, no down payment may be required.
These loans (also called bridge loans) have high interest rates and short terms — one to three years is typical — with interest-only payments the norm. For this reason, they may be used by investors who may be looking to flip the property in short order, allowing them to make a profit and pay off the loan quickly.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
House Hack
House hacking refers to leveraging property you already own to generate income. For example, you might rent out an in-law suite or list your property on Airbnb.
Another option: You could rent out your primary residence and move into one of the units in a multifamily property you buy. This way, you’d probably generate more income than if you had rented out the unit to a tenant.
Finally, you could hop on the ADU bandwagon if you own a single-family home. Accessory dwelling units can take the form of a converted garage, an attached or detached unit, or an interior conversion. The rental income can be sizable. To fund a new ADU, homeowners may tap home equity, look into cash-out refinancing, or even use a personal loan.
Seek Seller Financing
If you don’t have the cash for a down payment on a property, you may be able to forgo financing from a lending institution and get help instead from the seller.
With owner financing, there are no minimum down payment requirements. Several types of seller financing arrangements exist:
• All-inclusive mortgage: The seller extends credit for the entire purchase price of the home, less any down payment.
• Junior mortgage: The buyer finances a portion of the sales price through a lending institution, while the seller finances the difference.
• Land contracts: The buyer and seller share ownership until the buyer makes the final payment on the property and receives the deed.
• Lease purchase: The buyer leases the property from the seller for a set period of time, after which the owner agrees to sell the property at previously agreed-upon terms. Lease payments may count toward the purchase price.
• Assumable mortgage: A buyer may be able to take over a seller’s mortgage if the lender approves and the buyer qualifies. FHA, VA, and USDA loans are assumable mortgages.
Invest Indirectly
Not everyone wants to become a landlord in order to add real estate to their portfolio. Luckily, they can invest indirectly, including through crowdfunding sites and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2013 allows real estate investors to pool their money through online real estate crowdfunding platforms to buy multifamily and other types of properties. The platforms give average investors access to real estate options that were once only available to the very wealthy.
REITs are companies that own various types of real estate, including apartment buildings. Investors can buy shares on the open market, and the company passes along the profits generated by rent. To qualify as a REIT, the company must pass along at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders each year.
As investment opportunities go, REITs can be a good choice for passive-income investors. 💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.
The Takeaway
Buying a multifamily property with no money down is possible if you take the roads less traveled, including leveraging other people’s money. And if you have the means to make a down payment on a property, your first step is to research possible home mortgage loans.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Can I buy a multifamily home with an FHA loan?
It is possible to buy a property with up to four units with a standard mortgage backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) if the buyer plans to live in one of the units for at least a year. The FHA considers homes with up to four units single-family housing. The down payment could be as low as 3.5%. There are loan limits.
A rarer product, an FHA multifamily loan, may be used to buy a property with five or more units. The down payment is higher. You’ll pay mortgage insurance premiums upfront and annually for any FHA loan.
Is a multifamily property considered a commercial property?
Properties with five or more units are generally considered commercial real estate. Commercial real estate loans usually have shorter terms, and higher interest rates and down payment requirements than residential loans. They almost always include a prepayment penalty.
Photo credit: iStock/jsmith
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Average mortgage rates inched lower yesterday. But all that did was wipe out last Friday’s similarly tiny rise.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might barely budge. However, these early mini-trends often alter direction or speed as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.302%
7.353%
+0.01
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.757%
6.836%
+0.01
30-year fixed FHA
7.064%
7.111%
-0.07
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.888%
8.036%
+0.12
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.199%
7.257%
+0.05
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.663%
6.737%
+0.06
30-year fixed VA
7.292%
7.332%
+0.01
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
This morning’s Financial Times reports, “While the base case remains a reduction in borrowing costs, the options market shows a 20% probability of an increase.” That means most investors think the Federal Reserve will cut general interest rates this year, but they reckon there’s a 20% chance of the central bank actually hiking them. That’s new and scary.
Although the Fed doesn’t directly determine mortgage rates it has a huge influence on the bond market that does. And I very much doubt mortgage rates will fall consistently before the Fed signals that a cut in general interest rates is imminent. And a Fed rate hike is likely to send mortgage rates much higher: maybe back up to 8% or beyond.
So my personal rate lock recommendations remain:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes edged down to 4.6% from 4.64%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices decreased to $81.59 from $82.06 a barrel. (Good for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices fell to $2,333 from $2,350 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Because gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — climbed to 40 from 33 out of 100. (Bad for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So, lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to be unchanged or close to unchanged. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Today
This morning’s two April purchasing managers’ indexes (PMIs) will likely be good for mortgage rates. These “flashes” (initial readings and subject to revision) are both from S&P.
Here are this morning’s actual numbers in bold, alongside the prepublication consensus forecasts, according to MarketWatch, together with the March actual figures:
Services PMI — 50.9 actual; 52 expected; 51.7 in March
Manufacturing PMI — 51.1 actual; 52 expected; 51.9 in March
You can see that the PMIs were worse than expected, which is typically good news for mortgage rates.
Tomorrow
Tomorrow’s durable goods orders for March rarely affect mortgage rates. And they’d need to contain some pretty shocking data to do so tomorrow.
Markets are expecting those orders to have risen by 2.6% in March compared to a 1.3% increase in February. They’ll probably need to be significantly higher than 2.% to exert upward pressure on mortgage rates and appreciably lower to push them downward.
The rest of this week
Nothing has changed since yesterday concerning economic reports due on Thursday and Friday. So, I’ll repeat what I wrote yesterday:
We’re due the first reading of gross domestic product (GDP) for the January-March quarter on Thursday. And that could have a larger effect than PMIs and durable goods orders, depending on the gap between expectations and actuals.
But Friday’s personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index for March is this week’s star report. That’s the Federal Reserve’s favorite gauge of inflation. And it could certainly affect mortgage rates, possibly appreciably.
The next meeting of the Fed’s rate-setting committee is scheduled to start on Apr. 30 and last two days. So, the PCE price index will be the last inflation report it sees before making decisions.
And index that shows inflation cooling could change the mood at that meeting. True, it’s vanishingly unlikely that a cut to general interest rates will be unveiled on May 1 no matter what.
But a PCE price index that shows inflation cooling could help the Fed to move forward with cuts earlier than expected, which should cause mortgage rates to fall. Unfortunately, one that suggests inflation remains hot or is getting hotter could send those rates higher.
I’ll brief you more fully on each potentially significant report on the day before it’s published.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Apr. 18 report put that same weekly average at 7.1%, up from the previous week’s 6.88%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Mar. 19 and the MBA’s on Apr. 18.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.7%
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
MBA
6.8%
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
So, for the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
Indeed, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account as evidence of their financial circumstances. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. And this gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders. And it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Those mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
In real estate investing, the BRRRR strategy is a powerful tool for building wealth. Here’s a BRRRR case study on one of my rentals. You’ll see how this strategy can be applied, showcasing the potential for significant equity growth and cash flow generation.
Table of Contents
What is BRRRR?
BRRRR stands for Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat. It’s a cyclical process where you:
Buy an undervalued property.
Rehab the property to increase its value.
Rent out the property to generate income.
Refinance the property to take cash out based on the increased value.
Repeat the process with the withdrawn cash to acquire more properties.
See my full BRRRR guide here: How to use the BRRRR Method to Buy Rentals With Less Money
You can also use my BRRRR calculator.
The Case Study
I’m a real estate investor with years of experience with the BRRRR strategy. I’ll show how I used it on a property I bought back in 2012. Here’s a breakdown of the journey:
Buying at a Discount: I purchased the property for $109,000, securing a good deal through a short sale.
Rehabilitation: Minor repairs and cosmetic upgrades were done for around $12,000.
Renting for Cash Flow: The property was rented out for $1,300 per month.
Cash-Out Refinance: Two years later, after property values appreciated, I refinanced the property at $143,500. This allowed me to recoup his initial investment and repairs, along with an additional $17,000.
The Results: Today, the property is estimated to be worth $415,000. I enjoy a positive cash flow even after factoring in property management and enjoy significant equity in the property.
Video of BRRRR Case Study
Key Takeaways
Buying below market value creates instant equity.
Refinancing can be a powerful tool to access capital for further investment.
BRRRR allows you to build wealth through both cash flow and equity appreciation.
Important Considerations
Not all properties are suitable for BRRRR. Careful analysis is crucial.
Market conditions can impact the success of the strategy.
Refinancing involves additional costs and considerations.
Conclusion
The BRRRR strategy, as demonstrated in this case study, can be a successful approach to real estate investing. By strategically acquiring properties, making improvements, and leveraging refinancing, investors can build wealth and achieve financial freedom.
Are you interested in learning more about the BRRRR strategy and how it can benefit you?
Bootstrapping typically means relying on one’s self to reach a goal. In business, bootstrapping is generally used to describe entrepreneurs who use their own personal funds and resources to start a business instead of raising money through small-business loans or investors.
Whether bootstrapping is your personal preference or your best option to start a business, there are pros and cons to this funding method, as well as some alternatives that might be helpful to consider.
How much do you need?
We’ll start with a brief questionnaire to better understand the unique needs of your business.
Once we uncover your personalized matches, our team will consult you on the process moving forward.
What is bootstrapping?
Bootstrapping refers to entrepreneurs starting new businesses by relying on their personal resources instead of securing funds through business loans or raising capital through investors. Or, in the case of an existing business, bootstrapping can be used to describe an entrepreneur using the revenue generated by their company, along with personal resources, to grow the business.
Some personal resources that may be used in bootstrapping include:
Personal savings.
Personal credit cards.
Personal loans, including home equity loans.
Personal spaces such as an extra room or garage.
Personal assets like equipment and supplies.
Pros and cons of bootstrapping
Pros
Owner retains full control of the business.
No business loan debt is taken on by the company.
Accrue time in business and revenue to help qualify for future funding.
Cons
Business growth may be limited due to lack of funds.
Personal assets, such as savings and retirement, could be at risk.
Doesn’t typically build business credit history.
Why do entrepreneurs choose bootstrapping?
For some entrepreneurs, bootstrapping is a personal preference and for others it may be their only option for launching a new business or growing an existing one.
Here are some reasons entrepreneurs may use bootstrapping to start their business:
Can’t qualify for a business loan
One of the top reasons budding entrepreneurs turn to bootstrapping is because they can’t qualify for a startup business loan. They may not be able to meet lender requirements for time in business, credit score and annual revenue, among other things.
Banks and SBA lenders — lenders that offer loans guaranteed by the Small Business Administration — generally have competitive rates and terms. However, to qualify for funding, you’ll typically need multiple years in business, in addition to good credit. For example, a Wells Fargo BusinessLine line of credit requires a credit score of at least 680 and two years in business.
Online business loans are typically easier to qualify for than bank loans; however, approval can still be a challenge for brand-new businesses. For example, Fora Financial offers business loans for bad credit with a minimum credit score requirement of 500 but also a minimum of six months in business.
Don’t want to take on additional debt
Entrepreneurs who could qualify for a business loan may choose bootstrapping because they don’t want to take on business debt and the interest expense and additional fees that come with a loan.
Business loan interest rates vary based on a number of factors. However, according to the most recent data from the Federal Reserve, interest rates on the average small-business bank loan ranged from 6.13% to 12.36% in the fourth quarter of 2023
. Other types of loans, including online loans, can have even higher interest rates.
In addition to interest, borrowers often have to pay fees like a business loan origination fee. Interest and fees may push the total cost of the loan beyond what an entrepreneur is willing to pay.
Don’t want to give up full control of the business
Entrepreneurs who have ruled out debt financing may have the option of raising money through equity financing — selling shares in their business to investors in exchange for funding. While equity financing doesn’t require taking on debt or making loan repayments, some entrepreneurs may still prefer bootstrapping.
When an entrepreneur sells shares in their business, they exchange partial business ownership for the investor’s funding. And, depending on the number of shares sold and the investor’s goals, the entrepreneur may no longer have full independence to run the company their way. They’ll also have to share the profits if the business succeeds.
Want to test the business idea before fully committing
Bootstrapping can allow an entrepreneur to try out their business model, refine their marketing strategy and build a customer base before committing to long-term financing or arranging to offer equity to investors. In addition, a business owner may find it easier to qualify for funding from business lenders after they’ve been in operation for at least six months.
Also, some entrepreneurs may not be comfortable quitting a full-time job in order to start a business. Bootstrapping can be a way to get a business off the ground without losing your main source of income.
Advertisement
Est. APR
20.00-50.00%
Est. APR
27.20-99.90%
Est. APR
15.22-45.00%
Min. credit score
625
Min. credit score
625
Min. credit score
660
Bootstrapping tips
The following tips may help you when bootstrapping your business:
1. Create a business plan.
Regardless of how you choose to fund your startup, you’ll need to write a business plan. The plan provides detailed information on your business, such as an executive summary, product description, market analysis, marketing strategy and financial projections.
Your business plan can be used as a guide to set up your business and help you identify your customer base, establish your marketing plan, lay out the organization of your operation and explain how you plan to generate revenue. You’ll typically update your business plan as your company grows.
In addition, if you decide to look for additional funding in the future, you can share your business plan with lenders and investors to show them that you have a profitable operation.
2. Officially launch your business
Bootstrapping may involve starting a scaled-down version of your business where, for example, you operate out of a spare room or use personal funds to buy supplies. However, no matter the size of your operation, you still want to take steps that will make your business official in order to best set it up for future growth.
Some common steps to take when launching a business:
3. Lay the groundwork for a future business loan
Bootstrapping is often used to get a business up and running; however, it’s not always the best option for business growth. For some entrepreneurs, bootstrapping may be a short-term option that will help them secure business financing in the future.
Bootstrapping can give you the opportunity to accrue time in business, generate revenue and build a customer base — all things that will make your business more attractive to lenders and investors down the road.
4. Take advantage of free resources
There are organizations that offer free or low-cost training, counseling and other resources to help you start and grow your business.
SBA resource partners are located throughout the U.S. and include Small Business Development Centers, SCORE business mentors, Veterans Business Outreach Centers and Women’s Business Centers, among others.
U.S. Chamber of Commerce chapters provide resources for entrepreneurs including virtual events and networking opportunities within your local community, though a membership fee may be required in some cases.
Industry and trade associations within your local community can provide opportunities to advance your industry knowledge and network through conferences and member events.
Public libraries can also be a resource to small-business entrepreneurs, with some offering online courses, demographic information, business planning tools and suggested reading lists.
Alternatives to bootstrapping
Here are some alternatives you may want to consider before deciding to fund your business on your own:
Business loans. There are many different types of business loans — term loans, lines of credit and equipment loans. Because the qualification requirements for business loans vary by type and lender, exploring a variety of options may allow you to find a loan that works for you and your new business.
Family and friends loans. Asking family members and friends to loan you funds or invest in your startup business is another way to raise money. Although these arrangements are often informal, it’s important to put the details of the funding in writing so there are no misunderstandings in the future.
Small-business grants. Grants can be a source of funding for small businesses, although competition for this “free” money can be fierce and the application process can be time-consuming. However, there are startup business grants offered by government agencies, corporations and nonprofit organizations that may be worth looking into.
Crowdfunding for business. Crowdfunding can be used to create online campaigns to raise money for a business startup, as well as other causes. A unique business idea and a wide network of supporters can help an entrepreneur launch a successful campaign.
Looking for a business loan?
See our overall favorites, or narrow it down by category to find the best options for you.
When it comes to saving for retirement, you have many options to choose from. But one that you may not have considered is investing in gold—namely, a gold IRA.
A gold IRA is a simple yet innovative type of individual retirement account (IRA). Instead of the conventional holdings of stocks and bonds, it invests in precious metals, primarily gold, but also in silver and platinum.
Investing in a gold IRA presents a potential opportunity for safeguarding your savings from economic turmoil and expanding the diversity of your asset portfolio. Nevertheless, it’s important to keep in mind that a gold IRA may not be a suitable option for everyone, and a thorough evaluation of your personal financial situation is crucial before making an investment decision.
This article will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of gold IRAs and equip you with the knowledge necessary to make an informed investment choice.
What is a Gold IRA?
A gold IRA, also known as a precious metals IRA, is a type of investment vehicle that gives you the ability to hold physical gold, silver, and other valuable metals. You have the option of funding this account either with pre-taxed money or as a Roth IRA with post-tax funds.
Your savings will not be invested in stocks, bonds, or mutual funds but rather in precious metal coins or bullion, providing a tangible form of investment. The tax rules and procedures for a precious metals IRA are similar to those of any other IRA.
Investing in gold bullion and other precious metals goes beyond just IRAs. Some investors choose to purchase stocks or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in gold mining companies or precious metal funds. However, the majority of gold investors prefer to keep their investments in physical precious metals.
Types of Gold IRAs
There are three main types of gold IRAs: traditional, Roth, and SEP.
Traditional gold IRA: – Traditional gold IRAs are funded with pre-tax dollars and require you to pay income tax on withdrawals in retirement.
Roth gold IRA – Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars and allow for tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement.
SEP gold IRA – SEP IRAs are intended for self-employed or small business owners and are funded with pre-tax dollars. Contribution limits are different, and business owners can contribute on behalf of their employees.
The IRS has strict guidelines for the kinds of metals that can be included in a gold IRA. The only precious metals that can be included are gold, silver, platinum, and palladium.
Here is an overview of each of the IRS-approved precious metals, as well as the requirements for each.
1. Gold
To be eligible for inclusion in a self-directed gold IRA, gold coins or bars must adhere to stringent purity standards, with a minimum of 99.5% purity. Any gold that fails to meet this standard will be rejected.
Should the gold pass the purity test, it must be securely stored in an approved depository, which is a specialized facility specifically designed to protect precious metals.
Having a trusted and IRS-approved custodian is also a requirement, who will serve as the trustee of the IRA and oversee the safekeeping of the gold. Some of the most sought-after gold coins and bars for IRAs include:
American Gold Eagle coins
American Gold Buffalo coins
Australian Gold Kangaroo/Nugget coins
Austrian Gold Philharmonic coins
Johnson Matthey Gold bar
Valcambi Gold CombiBar
Canadian Gold Maple Leaf coins
Credit Suisse Gold bars
2. Silver
The purity of silver coins must be at least 99.9% to be eligible for deposit in a gold IRA. The following is a list of silver coins and bars that meet the approval criteria for inclusion in an IRA:
American Silver Eagle coins
Australian Kookaburra Silver coins
Austrian Philharmonic Silver coins
Canadian Silver Maple Leaf coins
Mexican Silver Libertad coins
Johnson Matthey Silver bar
Royal Canadian Mint Silver bar
3. Platinum
Platinum coins and bars must meet or exceed a purity standard of 99.95%. Here is a list of IRA-approved platinum bars and coins to consider:
American Eagle Platinum coins
Australian Koala Platinum coins
Canadian Maple Leaf Platinum coins
Isle of Man Noble coins
4. Palladium
And finally, palladium must meet a purity standard of 99.95% or higher. Here is a list of IRA-approved palladium bars and coins:
Canadian Palladium Maple Leaf coins
Russian Ballerina Palladium coins
Baird Palladium bars
Credit Suisse Palladium bars
If you’re interested in investing in a gold IRA, you need to be mindful of the accepted metals. While there may be other precious metal bars and coins that are sought after by collectors, they may not be eligible for investment within a gold IRA. To ensure you’re making the right investment decisions, it’s best to work with a trusted precious metals company.
To avoid any issues, make sure to double-check with your IRA company before investing in any precious metals you’re unsure about. Here’s a list of metals that are not approved for investment in a gold IRA:
Austrian Corona
Belgian Franc
British Sovereign and Britannia
Chilean Peso
Chinese Panda coins
Dutch Guilder
French 20 Franc
Hungarian Korona
Italian Lira
Mexican Peso
South African Krugerrand
Swiss Franc
Pros and Cons of Gold IRAs
Before investing in a gold IRA, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons. Here are some key factors to consider before making a decision.
Pros
Since the Financial Crisis of 2008, gold IRAs have become a popular investment option for people looking to diversify outside the stock market. Many people believe that gold is a good way to protect yourself against inflation.
And gold IRAs are not as difficult to invest in as they were in the past. Due to increased demand, there are more legitimate gold IRA companies available that will help you buy and manage your gold and precious metals investment.
Cons
One of the biggest downsides to opening a gold IRA is that the startup costs can be high. Plus, gold doesn’t pay dividends or interest, which kind of defeats the purpose of putting it in a tax-advantaged investment.
Plus, many people find it tricky to make withdrawals on gold IRAs, since gold isn’t a liquid asset.
You also need to be sure that you’re working with a reputable company that knows what they’re doing. Otherwise, it’s easy to fall victim to scam artists.
How to Get Started With a Gold IRA
Starting a gold IRA requires opening a self-directed IRA account, which offers greater flexibility in terms of investment options. You’ll be responsible for managing this retirement account, but you’ll need the assistance of a broker for buying gold and securing your assets.
When selecting a custodian, consider a bank, credit union, or brokerage firm that has been approved by a state or federal agency. You may also ask your gold dealer for recommendations on trusted brokers.
Start-Up Costs to Open a Gold IRA
Unlike traditional IRAs, a gold IRA comes with a few extra expenses. Here are some of the most significant expenses you’ll need to know about:
The markup fee: When you buy gold or precious metals, you may have to pay a markup fee. This is a one-time upfront fee, and it will vary based on the vendor you choose.
IRA setup fee: The setup fee is another one-time fee you’ll pay to set up your IRA account. Again, this will vary depending on the broker you choose. However, it will likely be more costly because not every firm deals with gold IRAs.
Custodian fees: You’ll have to pay an annual fee for the custodian who’s managing your gold IRA.
Storage fees: Your gold must be stored in a secure, approved location. For that reason, you’ll have to pay annual storage fees.
Bottom Line
If you seek to diversify your portfolio beyond the stock market, a gold IRA could be a suitable option. Precious metals like gold are often considered secure investments and can act as a safeguard against inflation.
On the other hand, other methods of asset diversification may be more economical and less cumbersome. Some people regard gold as a poor choice for a tax-deferred investment, as it does not produce income.
If you opt for a gold IRA, be sure to thoroughly research your metals dealer and custodian, to ensure the protection of your investment and to steer clear of scams.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a gold IRA a good investment?
It depends on your personal financial circumstances and investment objectives. While some view gold as a way to hedge against inflation and diversify their portfolio, others may not find value in physically investing in the precious metal. To make an informed decision, it’s crucial to thoroughly examine both the potential risks and benefits before investing in a gold IRA.
How do I set up a gold IRA?
To set up a gold IRA account, you will need to find a gold IRA company that specializes in setting up precious metals IRAs. Gold IRA companies will provide you with the necessary paperwork and guidance to open and fund your account.
Are there any restrictions on what types of gold I can hold in my IRA?
Yes, there are specific rules for the types of gold that can be held in a precious metals IRA. The gold must be at least 99.5% pure and must be in the form of coins or bars from an approved refinery or mint. Some common examples of approved gold coins include the American Gold Eagle and the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf.
What is the difference between a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, and SEP IRA?
A traditional IRA is a tax-advantaged account that allows you to contribute pre-tax dollars and potentially receive a tax deduction on your contributions.
A Roth IRA, on the other hand, is a retirement account that accepts post-tax contributions, but all qualified withdrawals, including earnings, are tax-free.
Lastly, a SEP IRA is a retirement savings plan designed for self-employed individuals and small business owners. It enables them to make tax-deductible contributions to a traditional IRA for themselves and their employees.
Piggyback, 2nds, POS Products; G-Rate’s CEO Podcast Interview; Agency News
<meta name="smartbanner:author" content="We now have a native iPhone and Android app. Download the NEW APP”>
This website requires Javascrip to run properly.
Piggyback, 2nds, POS Products; G-Rate’s CEO Podcast Interview; Agency News
By: Rob Chrisman
Mon, Apr 22 2024, 11:28 AM
When I was a kid, whenever I would walk by a pay phone or newspaper vending machine, I’d check the coin change slot. Or periodically check under my Dad’s La-Z-Boy… every penny or dollar counted! (Nowadays, I still get excited when I find a forgotten quarter in my own pants or backpack.) Plenty of folks at last week’s Great River Conference were trying to do the modern equivalent of that by learning about the current vendor offerings of technology, or meeting with their current vendors to see if pennies or dollars could be saved on every loan given the current $12k+ cost per funded loan. Smart and compliant speed and efficiency are critical… speaking of which, found here, today’s podcast features an interview with Guaranteed Rate’s Victor Ciardelli on the company’s goal of closing a loan in one-day and how they will get there. This week’s podcasts are sponsored by Calque. With The Trade-In Mortgage powered by Calque, homeowners can buy before they sell, make non-contingent offers, and tap their home equity to fund the down payment on their next home.
Lender and Broker Products, Software, and Services
When people say they can see miles and miles on a clear day, they aren’t wrong: the horizon is about 3 miles away, with some variation depending on your height. And whatever may lie beyond, Dark Matter Technologies is helping lenders prepare with its first annual Horizon user conference. The event kicks off Wednesday at the Fontainebleau Miami Beach and will bring together hundreds of industry notables to network, get the inside scoop on Dark Matter’s innovation roadmap, and explore business trends including market growth strategies, AI, and cybersecurity. Feeling a little FOMO? Request a consultation today and your team could be working smarter with the Empower LOS, and catching some Florida sun, by this time next year.
Does it feel like your current point-of-sale vendor has lost focus on mortgage? As a mortgage-specialized partner, Maxwell is committed to giving lenders a competitive advantage in a changing mortgage market. With Maxwell Point of Sale, lenders can tailor workflows to fit the unique needs of their organization, so back-end teams can work quickly without costly interruptions. Compared to a top competitor, Maxwell Point of Sale averages a 5.9 percent higher pull-through rate from rate-lock to close. For the average lender using Maxwell POS, this equates to $42MM in additional loan volume. Schedule a call with the team to learn how Maxwell Point of Sale can start working for you, your borrowers, and your lending team quickly.
Take your accounting department from “Cost Center” to Revenue Generator” with Loan Vision & LV-PAM. Loan Vision customers report a 10 percent reduction in loan fallout, 30 percent+ decrease in days to close the books, and 20 percent+ reduction in accounting headcount. Interested in learning how Loan Vision can reduce internal costs and help you gain a competitive edge? Contact Carl Wooloff to schedule a call today.
LoanStream wants you to Spring into more business with its April Specials on Prime, Non-QM and Closed End Seconds now through April 30th, 2024. Includes 25 BPS Price Improvement on FHA/VA loans 620+ FICO (excludes DPA and CalHFA) on Prime, 25 BPS price improvement on all Non-QM loans (excludes Select) and 25 BPS Price Improvement on all Closed-End Seconds. Restrictions apply so contact your LoanStream Account Executive to learn more. Specials are valid for loans locked 4/1/2024 through 4/30/2024. Offers subject to change at any time, terms and conditions apply.
Symmetry Lending introduces its April Special for Piggyback Pricing! Enjoy a remarkable discount on Piggyback HELOC transactions until April’s end, including a -1.00 percent Spring Discount for qualified customers with a FICO score of 740+ and a draw of $200k+, equating to Prime + .25 percent margin. This offer demonstrates appreciation for clients’ support and trust. Ready to seize this opportunity? Connect with your Symmetry Lending Area Manager to formulate a plan for getting these solutions in front of your clients today!
eClosing Survey by STRATMOR
Today, Snapdocs released new industry research that found lenders using the company’s eClosing platform experience 18-day faster loan velocity than their industry peers. The survey was conducted by STRATMOR Group with data self-reported by mortgage lenders. I got a note from Michael Sachdev, CEO of Snapdocs that said eClosing technology, when paired with the right partner to scale adoption, is helping lenders set new industry benchmarks for loan processing speed, operating costs, and borrower satisfaction. So often we see vendors make claims about their product value, but this report is a good example of that validation being sourced directly from the lender users themselves.
Agency and Investor News
Last week, the Department of Housing and Urban Development issued a HUD final rule that it says will increase lender participation in the Section 184 Indian Housing Loan Guarantee program, strengthen regulations to meet growing demand, and ensure the program will remain a vital resource for Native American families for years to come. Miki Adams, president of CBC Mortgage Agency, a correspondent investor that is wholly owned by the Cedar Band of Paiutes in Utah, stated, “The Section 184 program is a vital tool for so many Native American homebuyers. The new regulations will bring more clarity and predictability to this important program, and we applaud the Administration for the improvements and their efforts to work closely with Tribal leaders and other stakeholders. There is still more that must be done to modernize the program and we look forward to working collaboratively with HUD on future improvements.”
Loss mitigation: what would you do? A borrower is out of work, is three months delinquent on their mortgage payments, has been offered a new job in another state, and will relocate within 60 days. They’re also unable to catch up on their arrears and have equity in the home. What should the servicer do? Review this and other scenarios from Fannie Mae’s March Loss Mitigation webinar and download the presentation.
Fannie Mae has launched “Mission Index,” a new initiative to sell agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) that cater to socially conscious investors, aiming to attract more buyers to the market, Bloomberg reported. Fannie Mae assigns scores to MBS pools based on affordable rental housing availability, borrower location (high-poverty or rural areas), and other indicators, giving investors more visibility into the underlying mortgages and stimulate lending to underserved borrowers, potentially leading to lower interest rates for these borrowers.
Saving for a down payment is a barrier first-time homebuyers face. While there are numerous down payment assistance programs (DPA) available, it can be difficult for housing professionals to find programs that meet the specific needs of their borrower. Given the number of DPA programs in the market, there hasn’t been a consistent way to match the right DPA program to the needs of a particular borrower. To address this issue, Freddie Mac launched DPA One®, a free online solution to help DPA program providers reduce submission errors and program requirement questions from lenders by developing a single, standardized, online access point to manage their DPA program information. To learn more, read Freddie Mac’s case study about how one of Freddie Mac’s housing finance agency partners, Southeast Texas Housing Finance Corporation (SETH), is promoting affordable housing in the Southeast Texas community.
As part of a recent Fannie Mae Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey® (MLSS) special topic analysis, Fannie’s economists surveyed senior executives of mortgage lending institutions to better understand how they feel about Technology Service Provider (TSP) solutions, particularly as TSPs have become an increasingly essential part of lenders’ day to day operations. The results are in a new Perspectives blog.
Ginnie Mae announced revisions to its monthly single-family reporting requirements to include expanded Payment Default Status (PDS) reporting. The expanded PDS dataset will include loan default information, any mitigation actions taken, and the timing of those actions. For more information regarding the transition to the new reporting requirements, see All Participants Memorandum (APM) 24-06.
In Bulletin 2024-1, Freddie Mac announced changes to trust income requirements pertaining to history of receipt for trust income with pre-determined fixed payments, and documentation of continuance for all trust income types. Pennymac is aligning with these changes effective with loan deliveries on or after April 30, 2024. View Pennymac Announcement 24-36 for details.
Pennymac posted Announcement 24-37 informing it will update Conventional LLPAs effective for all Best Efforts Commitments taken on or after Monday, April 22, 2024.
Capital Markets
Investor attitudes drive investor demand, and therefore rates. So, what is driving investor attitudes? There is the escalated geopolitical uncertainty between Iran and Israel (central bankers are girding for potential oil shocks that could reignite consumer-price growth), there is rising volatility amidst fear of a potential rate increase due to sticky inflation (voting Fed members have not ruled out the possibility of a future rate hike and have urged patience for any potential easing at least until year-end), there is also cautious optimism surrounding the world economy (earnings season continues on Wall Street this week), and new economic releases are always on the docket, even if most are backward-looking (Q1 GDP, due out later this week, is expected to have risen to 2.9 percent as of the most recent estimate).
More germane to the mortgage industry, we learned last week that existing home sales were down 4.3 percent during the month of March. Meanwhile, housing starts fell 14.7 percent in March although some of the decline was attributed to weather conditions in parts of the country. In terms of the American consumer, retail sales in March rose 0.7 percent which was well above market expectations for a 0.3 percent increase. Additionally, retail sales from February were revised higher from the initial release. The 1.1 percent jump in control group sales led some economists to increase their forecast for personal consumption growth in the first quarter.
Bank economists are growing more optimistic about the outlook for credit conditions compared to the latter half of 2023, according to the American Bankers Association’s latest Credit Conditions Index. Conditions are expected to improve for a second consecutive quarter in Q2, which would mark the highest level in two years, reflecting a moderate increase in optimism. Job growth is expected to continue, inflation is forecasted to ease toward the Fed’s 2 percent target, and three rate cuts are expected by the end of the year.
This week’s highlights include month-end supply consisting of $183 billion in fixed coupons and $44 billion 2-year FRNs auctioned over tomorrow through Thursday, flash PMIs from S&P Global, new home sales, Fed surveys, durable goods, Q1 GDP, PCE, and Michigan Sentiment. No Fed speakers are scheduled with the Fed in blackout ahead of the May 1/2 FOMC meeting. The week gets off to a quiet start with one data point, Chicago Fed National Activity Index for March, due out later this morning. We start Monday with 30-year Agency MBS prices worse roughly .125 from Friday evening and the 10-year yielding 4.65 after closing last week at 4.62 percent.
Employment
radius financial group inc. is looking for an experienced Accounting Manager to lead all accounting operations. radius is a full-service retail mortgage banker that has been making mortgages better through a customer obsessed and team inspired culture since 1999. We are seeking an experienced Accounting Manager to lead all loan accounting, financial reporting, accounts payable and payroll functions. The Accounting Manager will report to the CFO and must have experience in a mortgage accounting system (Loan Vision is a plus), branch reporting and MSR accounting. Remote candidates will be considered and should send confidential inquires to Mike Clark.
Imagine a world where you, as a loan officer, aren’t stuck choosing between a broker model and a retail model. What if there was a company that blended the best of both worlds: the transparency of a broker model with the solid support of a retail banking platform? What if this company not only generated qualified local leads for you but also helped you add value for your existing realtor partners and connect with new ones? What if I told you this company is not just a dream: It’s real and it’s here to revolutionize your workflow. Please schedule a confidential Zoom meeting with Next Wave Mortgage.
TAYGO INC. presents an enticing new opportunity for a SaaS Sales Representative! This pivotal role is instrumental in propelling the success of TAYGO through selling our SaaS solutions to prospective clients. The key focus is comprehending the requirements and challenges of mortgage lenders (as well as mortgage brokers) and adeptly showcasing how our products, WEB-GO and RIN-GO, can optimize their operations and business performance. You must have a strong understanding of CRM products, their features, and the mortgage industry. You must effectively engage with prospects to understand their needs. You must also carefully monitor existing clients’ activities to identify upsell opportunities. You must have exceptional communication skills for online demos and meetings, cold or warm calls and emails. Your expertise, patience, and ability to build and maintain strong customer relationships will be vital in achieving our sales goals and ensuring customer satisfaction. Please send your resume to [email protected].
Alanna McCargo, President of the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) and whom I have had the opportunity to spend some time with, will resign from public office, effective May 3. “McCargo has served in the Biden-Harris Administration since January 2021, first as the Senior Advisor for Housing Finance in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for former Secretary Marcia Fudge and then later nominated by President Biden to lead Ginnie Mae. McCargo’s confirmation, with bipartisan support by the U.S. Senate, made history as she became the first woman and woman of color at the helm of this U.S. Government corporation.”
The announcement came with the usual platitudes from Ms. McCargo about the Administration and Ginnie Mae and its “complex $2.5 trillion guarantee business” as well as others saying some very nice things about her.
Principal Executive Vice President (PEVP) Sam Valverde will serve as the Acting President upon President McCargo’s departure. Senior Advisor for Strategic Operations and Interim Chief Operating Officer Laura Kenney will assume additional responsibilities as part of this transition.
Download our mobile app to get alerts for Rob Chrisman’s Commentary.
Share via Social Media:
All social media shares will include the image and link to this page.
WASHINGTON — Inflation and uncertainty surrounding the direction of federal policy on trade, spending and other issues are banks’ top financial stability concerns, the Federal Reserve Board said in a report released Friday.
For its semiannual report on financial stability, the Fed surveyed a range of financial professionals — including broker-dealers, investment fund managers, research and advisory professionals as well as academics — about the top issues facing the financial system. Policy uncertainty emerged as a major new source of anxiety for industry experts — it was cited by 60% of respondents, up from the just 24% of respondents who cited it as a top concern in the Fed’s last survey in October 2023.
Since 2019, the Fed has issued two reports on financial stability per year, usually releasing one in the spring and another in the fall.
Persistent inflation and high interest rates remained the top concern across the board, with 72% of respondents listing it as their primary concern — the same percentage as in the October report. The report indicated that interest rates may remain elevated above current market expectations for an extended period and that persistent inflation could prompt a more stringent monetary policy, causing increased volatility in financial markets and adjustments in asset valuations.
But the rise of policy uncertainty — including unpredictability stemming from fluctuating trade policies, influenced by geopolitical tensions such as the conflict in the Middle East and Russia’s war against Ukraine that has lasted more than two years — was an unexpected source of market disruption for many survey respondents. Respondents also flagged the upcoming U.S. elections in November as a source of stress.
“Further escalation of geopolitical tensions or policy uncertainty could reduce economic activity, boost inflation, and heighten volatility in financial markets,” the report said. “The global financial system could be affected by a pullback from risk-taking, declines in asset prices, and losses for exposed U.S. and foreign businesses and investors.”
Concerns about the credit quality of commercial real estate — which was the No. 2 concern cited in the October report — was cited as a top concern among 56% of the survey’s respondents. But that fell from 72% in the October report. The Fed noted that prices across all sectors of CRE continued to decline in the second half of 2023, and the report makes clear the full impact of CRE price drops have yet to be reflected in the data.
“These transaction-based price measures likely do not yet fully reflect the deterioration in CRE market prices because, rather than realizing losses, many owners wait for more favorable conditions to put their properties on the market,” noted the report. “Capitalization rates at the time of property purchase, which measure the annual income of commercial properties relative to their prices, moved modestly higher but remained at historically low levels, suggesting that prices remain high relative to fundamentals.”
Banking sector instability continued to feature prominently despite the report noting high levels of liquidity and low funding risks in the sector since the October report.
While the Fed’s emergency lending facility, the Bank Term Funding Program, ceased operations on March 11, the report noted the BTFP continues to reduce liquidity pressures for depositories. The report said mostly small institutions with under $10 billion of assets — representing 95% of beneficiaries — benefited from the program.