cost Archives - Hanover Mortgages

May 8, 2021

Cash Management Account – What It Is, Pros & Cons of Saving This Way

A cash management account is a type of financial account that combines many of the features of checking, savings, and investment accounts into one product.

You get the safety and interest-earning capability of a savings account, the flexibility of a checking account, and the ability to buy and sell securities with an investment account.

Cash management accounts are typically offered by nonbank financial companies, such as brokerage companies. Although each cash management account will differ in its specific terms and features, they share a number of characteristics.

How Do Cash Management Accounts Work?

Cash management accounts combine many of the features of different financial accounts, so it can be hard to understand exactly how they operate.

Store & Protect Large Amounts of Cash

Cash management accounts are designed for people who have a lot of cash to deposit. Like a savings account, they help you keep your money in one place and keep it safe.

The way that cash management accounts do this is through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance. The FDIC offers up to $250,000 per depositor, per account type, at covered banks. That means if your bank fails and is unable to return your money, the FDIC will reimburse you for up to $250,000 in lost money.

Cash management accounts often have much higher insurance limits. For example, SoFi Money cash management account offers coverage for up to $1.50 million. That’s because SoFi automatically splits your deposits between six different banks, handling all of the management of these accounts on your behalf. You only ever have to work with SoFi when you want to access your money or make a deposit.

Use Your Money When You Need It

Cash management accounts also give you the flexibility of a checking account. Most offer checkbooks or debit cards you can use to make payments or withdrawals from your cash management account.

Depending on the account provider you choose, you may be able to completely replace a checking account with a cash management account. If you get a debit card, checkbook, and the option to make bill payments using your account funds, you’re covered for all of your checking account needs.

Earn Interest

Cash management accounts are able to pay interest like savings accounts do. Most offer interest rates on par with the best savings accounts in the market.

Cash management accounts pay these high rates because they are mostly offered by online financial companies. By avoiding the need to operate physical locations, online companies save a lot of money on overhead costs. That lets them pass more interest on to their customers.

Low Fees

Another benefit of cash management accounts being offered by online financial companies is they have lower fees than traditional bank accounts do. Many have no monthly maintenance fees at all, leaving you free to worry about using your money instead of fees.

Invest Your Funds

Many cash management accounts are offered by investment companies or brokerages. Although they’re usually separate from your brokerage account, it’s easy to link the two accounts. In some cases, there is no separation.

You can submit purchase orders for investments and have the funds deducted from your cash management account. Similarly, proceeds from any sales you make get deposited directly to the account.

This makes your cash management account the hub of your financial life and keeps managing your money easy. You’ll have just one account to monitor with all of your income and expenses flowing through it.

How Does a Cash Management Account Differ From a Checking or Savings Account?

Cash management accounts are neither checking nor savings accounts. They work like a mix of the two, offering the interest of a savings account with the flexibility of a checking account. For day-to-day use, you won’t notice much difference between a cash management account and a traditional bank account.

The big difference is behind the scenes. The company that offers your cash management account opens checking or savings accounts on your behalf at its partner banks. It then handles the management of these accounts for you, moving money in and out of those accounts as needed.

Essential Features of a Cash Management Account

If you’re thinking about opening a cash management account, these are the factors you should compare when looking at your options.

Ease of Access

Cash management accounts are meant to give you the flexibility of a checking account. That means it should be easy to access your money when you need it.

Look for accounts that make it easy to use your money. That includes providing a checkbook, debit card, and online bill payment.

For accounts that offer a debit card, don’t forget to look at the restrictions. Some cash management accounts limit the amount you can withdraw in a day.

You’ll also want to make sure the debit card works on the ATM network you prefer. Some cash management accounts reimburse ATM fees, leaving you free to use any ATM you come across.

Fees

With any financial account, you should keep an eye on the fees you’ll have to pay. There’s no reason to pay a fee when you don’t have to.

Before opening a cash management account, check to see if it has any monthly maintenance fees or minimum balances. Also take a moment to look for other fees might wind up paying, such out-of-network ATM fees.

Interest Rates

Cash management accounts are able to pay interest rates on par with the best savings accounts on the market, but that doesn’t mean they all pay the same rate. Compare the interest rates each account offers. Some will vary with your account balance, while others will be the same regardless of how much you deposit.

If it doesn’t cost you anything and you won’t lose any features that you need, opt for the account with the higher interest rate.

FDIC Insurance Limits

Cash management accounts let you protect your money by splitting your balance among multiple banks. This gives you more than the standard $250,000 insurance offered by the FDIC.

If you have a large balance to deposit to your cash management account, check to see how much of it will be insured by the accounts you’re considering. Some cash management accounts offer more protection than others.

If you’re worried about keeping large sums of cash, look for an account that offers enough insurance to protect your full balance.

Pros of Cash Management Accounts

There are a few reasons you should consider opening a cash management account.

They Make Money Management Simple. With a cash management account, you don’t need a checking or savings account. Many cash management accounts also link to your brokerage account. That makes it easy to keep all of your money in one place for easy management.
They Provide Protection. Cash management accounts keep your money safe with FDIC insurance, which is something investment accounts and money market funds cannot do.
They Have Higher Interest Rates Than Checking Accounts. You’ll earn more interest than you would from a checking account while maintaining the same level of flexibility with your funds.

Cons of Cash Management Accounts

Cash management accounts aren’t without their flaws, and you should be aware of them before opening one.

They Don’t Offer the Best Returns. Many investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. offer great returns. There are also certificates of deposit (CDs) and some savings accounts that offer better rates than cash management accounts.
Face-to-Face Customer Service Might Not Be Available. Most cash management accounts are offered by online financial companies. If you need help, you have to call customer support or participate in an online chat. This can be difficult for people who prefer getting help in person or for complicated situations.
You Might Not Get All of the Features You Need. Cash management accounts are meant to combine the features of checking and savings accounts, but some cannot fully replace those dedicated accounts. For example, you might not have the option to make online bill payments from a cash management account, even though that’s a standard feature of checking accounts.

Who Needs a Cash Management Account?

Cash management accounts are a good choice for a few different groups of people.

The first group is people who have a large amount of cash they want to keep liquid but protected. If you have a few hundred thousand dollars you need to have easy access to, you don’t want to tie it up in investments. You also don’t want it sitting in a checking account, slowly losing value to inflation.

And if you exceed the $250,000 FDIC insurance limit, you’ll have to split it between multiple banks if you want all of your money to be insured.

Cash management accounts let you earn a reasonable rate of interest on your cash while maintaining its FDIC protection. You also don’t have to worry about splitting your money between multiple banks.

Cash management accounts are also great for people who want simplicity. All your money is in one place. You don’t have to maintain a separate checking and savings account. If you get your cash management account from the same company you use for your brokerage account, you can keep all of your finances in one place.

Anyone who likes online banking can make good use of a cash management account. If you’re already accustomed to doing your banking through a computer or phone rather than in-person, you’re ready to start using a cash management account.

Where Can I Get a Cash Management Account?

You can get a cash management account from a number of companies.

The first place you should look is your brokerage company. Why not keep all of your money in one place? Many financial firms offer cash management accounts, and your brokerage may even offer perks for customers who maintain a large balance, so using your brokerage for your cash management needs can help you reach balance thresholds.

If your brokerage doesn’t offer a cash management account, you have plenty of alternatives. Many robo-advisors and online investing platforms offer cash management accounts.

For example, Robinhood offers a cash management account you can link to your brokerage account. SoFi Money and Betterment offer both cash management and checking account options.

Alternatives to a Cash Management Account

If you don’t think a cash management account is right for you, you have other options.

If you’re considering a cash management account because you want to combine the features of a checking and savings account, a money market account can help you do that.

Most banks offer money market accounts, which provide the interest rates of a savings account with the check-writing capabilities of a checking account.

The downside is your ability to make withdrawals from the account is limited to six transactions per month. Money market accounts also have higher fees and minimums than cash management accounts.

If you want a cash management account for the safety and returns they offer, you can open a CD. CDs pay more interest than savings accounts and are fully insured by the FDIC up to the $250,000 limit.

The only drawback is you have to commit your deposit to the account for a set period of time. If you make an early withdrawal, you have to pay a fee.

If returns are your primary concern, you should open an investment account instead. You won’t have the safety of FDIC insurance, but you can earn far more money by investing your cash in stocks, bonds, or mutual funds.

Final Word

Cash management accounts offer safety, simplicity, and a solid return on your cash. They’re a great choice for anyone who wants to make managing their money easier, but they don’t have all of the features of dedicated checking and savings accounts.

If you’re looking to store and protect a large sum of cash, whether in anticipation of putting a down payment on a home or keeping it as an emergency fund, a cash management account could be a great option that provides you with the best features of checking, savings, and investment accounts all in one place.

Source: moneycrashers.com

May 8, 2021

The Best Cities for Artists in America

No starving artists here: These cities are the best places for artists to live well and practice their craft.

Having access to art and culture is one of the best parts of living in a city. While it’s true that art is found and created anywhere — in cities, there are some definite benefits. Cities act as cultural hubs that draw both new and existing artistic talent. There is a feedback loop of inspiration that cities foster.

With people from many different cultures, backgrounds and walks of life living in close quarters, there is vibrant multiculturalism. Urban density makes it easy to try and experience many different things from theater to food. Artists feed off that creative energy. And when you also live surrounded by other creative individuals, you are constantly being inspired to create new work

But it takes more than that to make a city a great place for artists. It’s widely known that both historically and in modern times, artists are often underpaid for their work. That “starving artist” trope didn’t come from nowhere — artists still need to pay for things like rent and food. They still need to make a living in this world the same as everyone else.

That’s why, on top of a thriving cultural scene, artists need to live in a place that supports their passion and livelihood. That ranges from affordable housing for work and creation, walkability to get around to gigs and much more.

So if you’re an artist with a dream, these are the best cities for artists to create and live.

Finding the best cities for artists

Art is for everyone because there are so many different ways to create. You have visual mediums like painting, drawing or photography. There are performance arts like dancing or theater. And there are musicians across an incredible breadth of genres and instructions, from voice to electronic DJ.

Having a thriving artistic community makes a city a better place to live. There are shows and performances to go to, which improves the quality of life for residents and encourages tourism. But to have such a community, artists need to make a viable living in that city. Quality of life and cost of living for essentials like food and housing, plus affordable rent remain important for those looking to dive into their artist endeavors.

To determine the best cities for artists, we looked for cities with a good walk score and t the average price for studio apartments. Many artists need or want separate spaces to create and work in, same as with offices for other industries, so having affordable studios for rent is key.

We also looked for how many museums there are per density and how many artistic organizations were in the city by density. That included theaters, artistic collectives, performing arts centers and more. All cities also had a population of over 50,000.

The following 10 places emerged as the best cities for artists to live and work in.

10. Baltimore, MD

baltimore md

In recent years, Baltimore has risen the charts as one of the best cities for creatives. This is especially true for the visual arts.

There are more than 60 diverse museums within the area, and it’s the home of renowned museums like the Baltimore Art Museum and the Walters Art Museum. Their substantial collections feature historic art from around the world, as well as exciting contemporary work. The city also supports modern, experimental art in outdoor public spaces like the Glenstone museum and sculpture garden and Downtown Frederick Public Art Trail, making art accessible to all.

There are also ample opportunities in the performing arts. The city is home to seven different performing arts companies and numerous dance and music groups.

Living here, artists can enjoy an abundance of creative outlets and good, affordable quality of life. With an average city median income of $51,000, the average cost for a studio apartment is $1,346. This was down 8.3 percent from last year. That gives artists lots of choices for space, as well as affordable rates.

Baltimore also has good public transportation, and a high Walk Score of 72.

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9. St. Louis, MO

st louis mo

This city that was once the gateway to the West is now a gateway for artists to comfortably live and create in an up-and-coming art city. While it is not the most walkable city, there are many other benefits. The average rent for a studio apartment is $1,328 — with plenty of availability.

St. Louis has an especially good reputation for performing arts, with 14 performing art companies and ten dance companies. Performance venues like The Fabulous Fox, housed in a grand old movie theater, and the Center of Creative Arts give the community hubs to experience art. And the contemporary visual arts scene is also on the rise.

The public can appreciate art in outdoor spaces like Citygarden, and museums like the Grand Center and the St. Louis Art Museum boasts exceptional modern art collections. So there are plenty of places for artists to congregate and work together.

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8. Chicago, IL

chicago il

Chicago has a well-deserved reputation for being one of the United States’ best cities for art, alongside staples like Los Angeles and New York City. But of those two, Chicago is the only one to make it into the top 10 best cities for artists. This means it’s much more affordable than the other two, but still gives artists the creative stimulation they crave. It’s also the place where many greats get their start.

Chicago has many benefits — the downtown area is a dense urban grid, with a very high WalkScore of 84. For outlying areas, there’s excellent public transit. However, most art and culture institutions are downtown — from theaters to museums — so it’s a very centralized area. There are outdoor spaces like Millennium Park for fresh air, access to nature and art installations (hello, The Bean). Museums like the Art Institute of Chicago enjoy tremendous renown for their collections.

Plus, there are top-ranked performing arts opportunities, from theater to music to improv at Second City, one of the nation’s best comedy and improv schools. While average studio rent is $1,784, making it the second most expensive city for studios in the top 10, you’ll have access to world-renowned art institutions for learning and displaying your art.

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7. Berkeley, CA

berkeley ca

Although Berkeley is largely known as a center for engineering, science and tech due to UC Berkeley, art and culture are equally strong here. This city of over 121,000 has an incredibly diverse population. And the presence of the university invites fresh, young minds from around the world, feeding innovation and creativity.

Berkeley also feeds off of the cultural thrum of the surrounding Bay Area and nearby San Francisco.

But being in the tech-heavy Bay Area, life is expensive. A Berkeley studio costs an average of $2,250. This makes it the most expensive of the top ten cities. But on the upside, Berkeley is extremely walkable, making it easy to get to the many artistic opportunities that exist. Berkeley is especially known for its performing arts. It’s home to the Berkeley Repertory Theatre, a Tony-winning regional playhouse and other top theater and performance companies.

For visual artists, collectives like the ACCI Gallery and museums like Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive exist. West Berkeley and the North Shattuck areas are especially popular artist neighborhoods.

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6. Philadelphia, PA

philadelphia pa

Aspiring and working artists priced out of New York have been turning to Philadelphia. This has made it one of the most exciting artistic hubs on the East Coast. Steeped in history, the city also buzzes with vibrant young minds and modern energy.

Rent and cost of living are significantly lower than in NYC. A studio costs, on average, $1,745. Two top art schools call Philly home: the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and Temple University’s Tyler School of Art.

And there is art everywhere, from museums to public spaces. The Philadelphia Art Museum is the third-largest in the U.S., and the Rodin Museum has one of the largest collections of his work outside Paris. Performing arts-wise, there is a great live music scene, especially for classical music thanks to the Philadelphia Orchestra.

The Avenue of the Arts acts as a hub, with performance spaces for everything from dance to experimental work. Dancers will also find a welcoming community here, as there are multiple esteemed dance companies.

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5. Seattle, WA

seattle wa

Seattle’s reputation for incredible live music needs no introduction. Grunge originated here, thanks to influential bands like Nirvana. And music and performance are still part of the lifeblood of the city. But there’s more to Seattle’s art scene than that.

There are over 80 theater companies and great dance companies like the Pacific Northwest Ballet. Galleries and small venues provide space for experimental, undercover art movements. But “mainstream” art also has a place here at museums and places like the Seattle Art Museum, Chihuly Garden and Glass and the Olympic Sculpture Park.

In Seattle, studio apartments run an average of $1,481. And this is down almost 14.2 percent from last year, so there is plenty of space available and demand.

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4. Washington, D.C.

Washington D.C.

The U.S. capital is a hotbed for history and art, which go hand in hand here. There are abundant museums and inspiring architecture everywhere you turn. But it’s not just about the past. There is also a thriving contemporary art community.

Check out spots like the Culture House DC, a 19th-century church painted in bold colors and now houses an artist collective. And there are frequent art festivals and performances of music, dance and theater.

If you’re an artist looking for a city with a lot of options for studios, D.C. is the place for you. The average rent is $1,686, plus it’s also a very pedestrian-friendly city that’s easy to navigate on foot.

All in all, D.C. offers a great emerging art scene in a city that’s affordable and safe, with plenty of history to inspire you.

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3. Pittsburgh, PA

pittsburgh

In 2018, Pittsburgh ranked as one of the top cities in America for artistic vibrancy. It’s no small wonder. Similar to Philadelphia, artists love the affordable cost of living — $1,194 for a studio.

In Pittsburgh, they’re finding world-class museums, outdoor festivals, creative collectives and performing arts companies that are pushing boundaries and generating buzz. Some must-visit spots include the Carnegie Museum of Art, the Andy Warhol Museum and The Mattress Factory.

Outside of town, you’ll also find Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural masterpiece, Fallingwater.

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2. Minneapolis, MN

minneapolis mn

Coming in at No. 2 in the top 10 best cities for artists is one half of the Twin Cities itself: Minneapolis. Of course, this Midwest hub is well-known for its friendly residents, parks, lakes and outdoor access. But it also has fantastic opportunities for art.

Minneapolis has 55 different museums to visit, among them the eye-catching Weisman Art Museum. As a city that loves nature, lots of art is outdoors and open for everyone. Minneapolis is especially well-known for its vibrant murals, easily found all over the city. Oh, and of course, there’s a great music scene. What else would you expect from the home of Prince?

Add in low rent on studios, $1,236 on average, and you’ll discover why it’s no wonder so many artists find inspiration here.

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hartford ct

Topping the list of the best cities for artists is the Connecticut capital of Hartford. This scenic city celebrates both contemporary and historic art through its many institutions, from museums to collectives.

World-class touring performances come through at venues like the Bushnell Center for the Performing Arts. And local companies like TheaterWorks showcase contemporary work. The city is also committed to promoting diverse artists and voices. For example, the unique Artists Collective highlights the work of the African Diaspora. And the Real Art Ways organization supports experimental and new work in a variety of mediums.

Beyond the artistic community, Hartford is also very affordable for working artists. It boasts the cheapest prices for studio apartments — the average being $1,121.

Good quality and cost of living go a long way toward supporting an artist’s lifestyle. And if the urban scene isn’t sufficiently inspiring, Connecticut’s natural beauty is also sure to spark the imagination.

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The 50 best cities for artists

Now that you’ve seen the top 10, let’s branch out to discover even more cities that have created an atmosphere where artists can thrive and create. Please note, our methodology allows for ties.

Methodology

To find the best cities for artists, we used the following data points:

Performing arts businesses and establishments per density
Museums per density
Walk score
Average rent of a studio apartment

We looked at cities with at least 50,000 people according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019 population estimates and ranked each city in each of these four categories. Then, we added up the rankings for each of the four categories to determine a final score for each city. Ties were allowed in our rankings. The cities with the lowest overall score were determined to be the best cities for artists.

We excluded cities from this study that had insufficient rental inventory or other data.

Business and establishment data comes from commercially sourced business listings. This may not account for recent business openings or closures.

Rent prices are based on a one-year rolling weighted average from Apartment Guide and Rent.com’s multifamily rental property inventory as of April 2021. Our team uses a weighted average formula that more accurately represents price availability for each unit type and reduces the influence of seasonality on rent prices in specific markets.

The rent information included in this article is used for illustrative purposes only. The data contained herein do not constitute financial advice or a pricing guarantee for any apartment.

Source: rent.com

May 7, 2021

10 States With the Highest Sales Taxes

Before you embark on a shopping spree in any of the 10 worst states for sales taxes featured here, you’ll want to make extra room in your budget. Our biggest offender clocks in at 9.55% once both state and local sales taxes are factored in (continue reading our round-up to find out which state is the priciest culprit).

However, retirees and other relocators shouldn’t judge a state by its sales tax alone. While this expense may be costlier in some areas, residents in states with a high sales tax may be able to reap the benefits of other tax-related perks, such as not having to pay state income tax.

Got your attention? Take a look at our list to find out which states will nickel-and-dime you the most on everyday purchases.

Sales tax values are for 2020 and were compiled by the Tax Foundation. Income tax brackets are for the 2020 tax year. Property tax values are for 2019.

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10. New York

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Least tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 4% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4.875%, and the average combined rate is 8.52%, according to the Tax Foundation. In the New York City metro area, there is an additional 0.375% sales tax to support transit. Clothing and footwear that cost less than $110 (per item or pair) are exempt from sales tax. Groceries and prescription drugs are exempt, too. Motor vehicle sales are taxable, though.

Income Tax Range: Low: 4% (on up to $8,500 of taxable income for single filers and up to $17,150 for married couples filing jointly); High: 8.82% (on taxable income over $1,070,550 for single filers and over $2,155,350 for married couples filing jointly).

Starting in 2021, the top rate is 10.9% on taxable income over $25 million (regardless of filing status).

New York City and Yonkers imposed their own income tax. A commuter tax is also imposed on residents of New York City, as well as on residents of Rockland, Nassau, Suffolk, Orange, Putnam, Dutchess, and Westchester Counties.

Property Taxes: In the Empire State, the median property tax rate is $1,692 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the New York State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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9. California

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Most tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 7.25% state levy. Localities can add as much as 2.5%, and the average combined rate is 8.68%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries and prescription drugs are exempt from these taxes, but clothing and motor vehicles are taxed.

Income Tax Range: Low: 1% (on up to $17,864 of taxable income for married joint filers and up to $8,932 for those filing individually); High: 13.3% (on more than $1,198,024 for married joint filers and $1 million for those filing individually).

Property Taxes: If you’re planning to buy a home in the Golden State, the median property tax rate is $729 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the California State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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8. Kansas

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Least tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 6.5% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4%, and the average combined rate is 8.69%, according to the Tax Foundation. These rates also apply to groceries, motor vehicles, clothing and prescription drugs.

Income Tax Range: Low: 3.1% (on $2,501 to $15,000 of taxable income for single filers and $5,001 to $30,000 for joint filers); High: 5.7% (on more than $30,000 of taxable income for single filers and more than $60,000 for joint filers).

Property Taxes: Kansans who own their homes pay a median property tax rate of $1,369 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the Kansas State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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7. Illinois

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Least tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 6.25% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4.75%, and the average combined rate is 8.82%, according to the Tax Foundation. Food and prescription drugs are taxed at only 1% by the state. Clothing and motor vehicles are fully taxed.

Income Tax Range: There is a flat rate of 4.95% of federal adjusted gross income after modifications.

Property Taxes: For homeowners in Illinois, the median property tax rate is $2,165 per $100,000 of assessed home value — the second highest in our round-up.

For details on other state taxes, see the Illinois State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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6. Oklahoma

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Not tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 4.5% state levy. Localities can add as much as 7%, and the average combined rate is 8.95%, according to the Tax Foundation. Prescription drugs are exempt and motor vehicles are taxed at a rate of 1.25% (a 3.25% excise tax also applies). Grocery items and clothing are taxable at 4.5%, plus local taxes.

Income Tax Range: Low: 0.5% (on up to $1,000 of taxable income for single filers and up to $2,000 for married joint filers); High: 5% (on taxable income over $7,200 for single filers and over $12,200 for married joint filers).

Property Taxes: For Oklahomans who own a home, the median property tax rate is $869 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the Oklahoma State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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5. Alabama

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 4% state levy. Localities can add as much as 7.5% to that, and the average combined rate is 9.22%, according to the Tax Foundation. Prescription drugs are exempt. Groceries and clothing are fully taxable, while motor vehicles are taxed at a reduced rate of 2% (additional local taxes may apply).

Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on up to $1,000 of taxable income for married joint filers and up to $500 for all others); High: 5% (on more than $6,000 of taxable income for married joint filers and more than $3,000 for all others).

Some Alabama municipalities also impose occupational taxes on salaries and wages.

Property Taxes: In Alabama, the median property tax rate is $395 per $100,000 of assessed home value — the lowest on our list.

For details on other state taxes, see the Alabama State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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4. Washington

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Most tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 6.5% state levy. Municipalities can add up to 4% to that, with the average combined rate at 9.23%, according to the Tax Foundation. Grocery items and prescription drugs are exempt. Clothing is taxable, as are motor vehicles. However, there’s an additional 0.3% tax on sales of motor vehicles.

Income Tax Range: Washington has no state income tax.

Property Taxes: Home buyers in the Evergreen State can expect to pay a median property tax rate of $929 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the Washington State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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3. Arkansas

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Mixed tax picture

State Sales Tax: 6.5% state levy. Localities can add as much as 5.125%, and the average combined rate is 9.51%, according to the Tax Foundation. Prescription drugs are exempt. Grocery items are taxed at 0.125% (additional local taxes may apply). Motor vehicles are taxed if the purchase price is $4,000 or more (7% tax rate in Texarkana). However, starting in 2022, the rate on sales of used motor vehicles priced between $4,000 and $10,000 will only be 3.5%. Clothing is taxed at the standard rate.

Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on taxable income from $4,500 to $8,899 for taxpayers with net income less than $22,200), 0.75% (on first $4,499 of taxable income for taxpayers with net income from $22,200 to $79,300), or 2% (on on first $4,000 of taxable income for taxpayers with net income over $79,300); High: 3.4% (on taxable income from $13,400 to $22,199 for taxpayers with net income less than $22,200), 5.9% (on taxable income from $37,200 to $79,300 for taxpayers with net income from $22,200 to $79,300), or 6.6% (on taxable income over $79,300 for taxpayers with net income over $79,300). Beginning in 2021, the top rate for taxpayers with net income over $79,300 will be 5.9% (on taxable income over $8,000).

A “bracket adjustment” of between $40 and $440 is subtracted from the amount of tax due for taxpayers with net income from $79,301 to $84,600.

Property Taxes: For homeowners in the Natural State, the median property tax rate is $612 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the Arkansas State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

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2. Louisiana

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 4.45% state levy. Localities can add as much as 7%, and the average combined rate is 9.52%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries and prescription drugs are exempt from the state’s sales tax, but localities may tax these. Clothing and motor vehicles are taxable.

Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on $12,500 or less of taxable income for individuals, $25,000 for joint filers); High: 6% (on more than $50,000 of taxable income, $100,000 for joint filers).

Property Taxes: The median property tax rate in Louisiana is $534 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the Louisiana State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

10 of 10

1. Tennessee

Overall Rating for Middle-Class Families: Most tax-friendly

State Sales Tax: 7% state levy. There’s also an additional state tax of 2.75% on sales of single items that applies to the portion of the sales price from $1,600 to $3,200. Localities can add up to 2.75%, with an average combined rate of 9.55%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries are taxed at 4% by the state, in addition to any additional local taxes. Clothing is taxed at the standard rate. Motor vehicles are taxed at the basic 7% rate, plus the additional 2.75% on purchases between $1,600 and $3,200. There’s no tax on prescription drugs.

Income Tax Range: There’s no state income tax in Tennessee. However, dividends and some interest are subject to the Hall Tax at a 1% rate in 2020. The first $1,250 in taxable income for individuals ($2,500 for joint filers) is exempt. 2020 is the last year for this tax, which is being phased out. Also, the tax is waived if you’re over the age of 100.

Property Taxes: In Tennessee, the median property tax rate is $636 per $100,000 of assessed home value.

For details on other state taxes, see the Tennessee State Tax Guide for Middle-Class Families.

Source: kiplinger.com

May 7, 2021

How to Use Your Health Savings Account (HSA) for Retirement Investing

Saving for retirement is difficult, but it’s an important part of everyone’s financial life. There are a number of ways to make saving for retirement easier, such as using tax-advantaged accounts like individual retirement accounts (IRAs) and 401(k) plans.

One special type of tax-advantaged account, the health savings account (HSA), isn’t specifically designed to help people save for their retirement. However, its unique benefits make it one of the most powerful tax-advantaged accounts out there.

If you have access to an HSA, it can be one of the best ways to set money aside for retirement.

What Is an HSA?

A health savings account (HSA) is a special type of account that is designed to help people save money to pay for medical bills. HSAs are only available to people who have certain types of health insurance plans called high-deductible health plans (HDHPs).

Like retirement accounts, HSAs offer tax advantages that make it easier to set aside money to pay for medical bills. If your employer offers eligible insurance plans, they may also make contributions to your HSA on your behalf, similar to 401(k) matching.

The unique tax benefits of HSAs are what make them potent vehicles for saving for both medical expenses and retirement.

Pro tip: If you’re thinking about opening an HSA, you can get started through Lively. There are no hidden fees and you’ll be able to set up recurring contributions.

How Do HSAs Work?

Understanding how HSAs work is essential to making the most of them when it comes to saving for both health care and your retirement. You risk paying penalties if you fail to follow the rules.

Insurance Requirements

First, not everyone can open an HSA. They’re only available to people who have a qualifying high-deductible health plan.

An insurance plan’s deductible is the amount that you pay before your insurance kicks and starts covering costs. For example, if you have a $2,000 deductible, you have to pay $2,000 toward your health care expenses before your insurance pays any of the cost.

For an insurance policy to qualify as an HDHP, it must meet the following requirements:

It charges a higher annual deductible than typical health plans (for 2020, the minimum is $1,400 for individuals and $2,800 for families).
It has a maximum limit on the sum of the annual deductible and out-of-pocket medical expenses that you must pay for covered expenses (for 2020, the maximum is $6,750 for individuals and $13,500 for families).
It may, but is not required to, provide preventative care without a deductible or with a lower deductible.

Other Qualifications

The exact requirements for qualifying for an HSA are:

You are covered by an HDHP.
You have no other health insurance coverage, with the following exceptions:
- Liabilities incurred under workers’ compensation laws, tort liabilities, or liabilities related to ownership or use of property.
- A specific disease or illness.
- A fixed amount per day (or other period) of hospitalization.
- Coverage for accidents, disability, dental care, vision care, and long-term care.
You aren’t enrolled in Medicare.
You aren’t claimed as a dependent on anyone else’s tax return.

If you meet the requirements, you can open an HSA.

Contribution Limits

Like other tax-advantaged accounts, you cannot make unlimited contributions to an HSA. There is a limit on how much you can contribute each year.

For 2020, the limit is $3,550 for individual plans and $7,100 for family plans.

Some employers that offer HDHPs make contributions to their employees’ HSAs as an employee benefit. Employer contributions count toward these limits, so make sure you don’t exceed the contribution limit with your contributions and your employer’s contributions combined.

Tax Advantages

The primary reason that people use HSA for savings is the tax advantages. Like traditional IRAs and 401(k)s, the money you contribute to an HSA is contributed before tax. That means you can deduct the amount you add to the account from your income when filing your taxes.

If you have a taxable income of $50,000 and put $5,000 in your HSA, you can report your taxable income as just $45,000. That will save you about $1,100 on your tax bill, meaning your $5,000 contribution only costs you $3,900 out of pocket.

With a traditional IRA or 401(k), you pay income tax on the money that you withdraw from the account. HSAs are different. If you use the money in the account for qualified health expenses, you pay no taxes on the withdrawals either. This makes them doubly tax-advantaged.

If you have extra money in your HSA after you turn 65, you can begin making withdrawals from the account for nonmedical expenses too. If you do, you pay income tax on the amount you withdraw, but no penalties, just like a retirement account.

Penalties

Typically, you can only withdraw money from an HSA for qualified medical expenses. The IRS outlines all qualified expenses in its Publication 502, but it includes most things you’d expect, including:

Ambulance fees
Birth control
Body scans like MRIs or X-rays
Contact lenses
Dental treatment
Drug addiction care
Eye exams
Hearing aids
Hospital services
Physical exams
Prescriptions
Surgery

If you withdraw money from an HSA for a nonmedical expense and you are under age 65, you pay a 20% penalty on the amount withdrawn. You also have to pay income tax on your withdrawal, meaning you are doubly punished for using the money for nonmedical expenses when you’re under 65.

Once you reach age 65, however, you can use HSA funds for nonmedical expenses penalty-free, but will still have to pay income tax on the amount withdrawn.

Although you generally don’t have to prove that you’ve used your HSA money for qualified medical expenses when you file your taxes, you should always save your receipts so that you can show how much you spent compared to how much you withdraw. The receipts will come in handy if you wind up getting audited.

How to Use an HSA for Retirement Savings

HSAs are useful for saving for health care expenses, but they’re one of the most powerful retirement accounts available to Americans. If you want to use your HSA to save for retirement, these tips can help.

1. Contribute as Much as You Can

If you want to use your HSA for retirement savings, the first thing to do is contribute as much as you can to the account.

Typically, you want to contribute to your 401(k) until you max out the amount that your employer will match. Getting employer matching contributions is like getting a raise, so it’s worth getting as much in matching funds as possible.

After that, you can focus on putting money in your HSA until you max it out.

2. Invest Your Balance

The name “health savings account” might make you think that your HSA is a simple savings account. Savings accounts pay interest, but they’re not great for long-term wealth building because you usually wind up losing spending power to inflation.

Depending on your HSA provider, you likely have the option to invest your HSA in the stock market. That means that you can use the money in your HSA to build an investment portfolio like you do in your retirement and taxable brokerage accounts. Building a portfolio of low-cost index funds is a great way to help your HSA’s balance grow.

Just remember to keep some of the money in cash if you plan on using the HSA to cover health expenses as well.

3. Wait Until You’re 65

Once you’ve opened your HSA, made contributions, and invested your money, all you have to do is wait. Once you turn 65, you can withdraw money from the account as if it were a 401(k) or IRA. There’s no requirement that you use the money for health care expenses.

The only downside of this strategy is that IRAs and 401(k)s are slightly more flexible when it comes to withdrawals. You can start taking money from those accounts, penalty-free, when you turn 59 ½.

4. Save Your Receipts

Even if you don’t plan to use your HSA to cover health care expenses, you should make sure that you save every medical-related receipt that you get.

The reason to save every receipt is that there is no time limit for withdrawing money from your HSA after you incur a qualified medical expense.

Consider this example: you injure your leg while out for a run and have to go to the hospital for surgery. After you recover, you get the hospital bill and have to pay $5,000.

You can withdraw money from the HSA now to pay the bill, or you can pay the bill out of pocket, leaving your money in the HSA to grow, tax-free. You decide to pay the bill out of pocket.

Because there’s no time limit on withdrawals, you can take $5,000 out of your HSA, tax-free and penalty-free, any time you want. You can make the withdrawal tomorrow, next year, 10 years from now, or when you retire.

This is better than simply waiting until you turn 65 because withdrawals for nonmedical expenses still incur income taxes. If you pay for medical expenses out of pocket but save your receipts, you can withdraw from your HSA without paying any tax at all, up to the total amount of your qualified medical expenses that you’ve incurred over the years.

This makes HSAs more powerful than standard retirement accounts because you pay no tax on contributions or qualified distributions.

The full list of qualifying medical expenses is long, and some might surprise you. Over time, you’ll likely build up plenty of qualified expenses, which will make it easy for you to make tax-free withdrawals when you need to.

Advantages of Using an HSA for Retirement Savings

HSAs are one of the most powerful tax-advantaged accounts when used properly, so there are a lot of perks to using one for retirement savings.

1. Tax Benefits Add Up

One of the primary reasons to use an HSA for retirement savings is the tax benefits. If you use the account properly and save your medical receipts you can ultimately pay no tax on any of the money you contribute or withdraw from the account.

Even if you don’t have enough medical expenses to withdraw the entire amount tax-free, you have the backup plan of paying taxes on penalty-free withdrawals after you turn 65, effectively making the account into a second IRA or 401(k). Over the long term, the amount that you save in taxes can be huge.

If you’re in the 22% tax bracket — single earners making $39,476 to $84,200 and couples making $78,951 to $168,400 — and withdraw $10,000 per year from your HSA tax-free, you save $2,200 per year in taxes. That means needing to save about $55,000 less for retirement if you’re using the 4% rule to determine how much of your portfolio to withdraw each year.

2. HSA Contributions Don’t Count Against Retirement Contribution Limits

Using an HSA for retirement savings also increases the amount of tax-advantaged saving “cap space” you have for other retirement vehicles. IRAs and 401(k)s limit your contributions (to $6,500 per year and $19,500 per year, respectively). HSA contributions don’t count against those caps.

If you’re maxing out your tax-advantaged retirement contributions and looking for other ways to reduce your tax bill, HSAs can be an attractive option.

Disadvantages of Using an HSA for Retirement Savings

Just because you can use an HSA to save for retirement doesn’t mean that doing so is a good idea. Here are the disadvantages to consider.

1. You Might Need the Money for Medical Expenses

One reason not to use your HSA for retirement savings is the possibility that you might wind up needing that money to pay for health care expenses. Odds are good that you’ll wind up with a big medical bill at some point in your life.

If you have a high-deductible health plan, the out-of-pocket expense could be significant, and unless you have a strong emergency fund in savings, you might need to tap your HSA account to pay the bill.

If your HSA is one of your primary methods of saving for retirement, you might have to dip into your nest egg to cover a medical emergency, which is never ideal.

2. HSAs Aren’t Designed for Retirement Investing

Another drawback is that HSAs aren’t designed for retirement saving. The tax rules surrounding HSAs make them a great way to save for retirement, but that isn’t their intended purpose. HSA accounts aren’t necessarily optimized for long-term investing.

Some HSA providers might not offer the option to invest your balance at all, or might offer options that charge hefty fees for the privilege. Some HSAs limit your investment options to expensive mutual funds whose fees can eat away at your balance over the long term, meaning your savings will grow much more slowly in an HSA than a specifically designed retirement account.

By contrast, many true retirement plans have specially designed investment options, such as target-date funds, that make saving for retirement easy.

3. The Rules for HSAs Could Change

Finally, just because HSAs are great for retirement savings now doesn’t mean that they will be 20, 30, or 40 years from now. The government could change the rules for how you can use the money in the account. For example, the IRS may add a time limit for withdrawing funds after you incur a medical expense.

Future changes may make it harder to use the money you have in the account or alter the tax implications, which could limit its usefulness as a retirement savings vehicle.

Final Word

HSAs can be a good way to save for retirement, but you need to have a high-deductible health plan to be eligible for one. Furthermore, you must be able to cover out-of-pocket medical expenses by other means in order to make the most of these accounts as retirement savings vehicles.

For most people, 401(k)s and IRAs will be the main methods of saving for retirement. Don’t forget that you can also benefit from opening a taxable brokerage account if you want to invest for long-term goals beyond retirement.

Source: moneycrashers.com

May 7, 2021

IRS offers new COVID-19 flexibility for employee healthcare benefits – Lexington Law

Disclosure regarding Lexington Law’s editorial content.

As COVID-19 swept the globe and the country, it put stress on all types of supply chains and industries. It has also put stress on the financial and health situations of many Americans.

If you’re looking back to whenever your last healthcare benefits enrollment period was and grimacing at the choices you made, you’re in luck—you might have the chance to change them. In addition to extending the tax deadline for 2020, the IRS has issued a rule modification in light of the pandemic that might allow you to change your elections mid-year instead of waiting for the next open enrollment period.

Find out more about these changes and what they might mean
for you here.

Key Points

You may be able to switch to a different healthcare
plan if your employer allows it.
You may be able to drop employer-sponsored
coverage if your employer allows it.
You may be able to change contributions to a
flexible spending account (FSA) if your employer allows it.
Employers may voluntarily extend the grace
period for using 2019 FSA funds.

A Potential Mid-Year Open-Enrollment Period

The IRS rule change allows mid-year enrollment in a
different plan that your employer offers. This means employees may be able to
make new elections to better use their income and protect themselves against healthcare
expenses.

However, employers are being given the choice of whether
they want to offer these options. The answers to the questions below all depend
on whether your employer elects to allow changes.

Can I drop my healthcare insurance altogether?

Yes, you can elect to end healthcare insurance coverage through your employer. The caveat is that you must replace that coverage with a qualifying plan through the health insurance marketplace, a spouse’s benefits or another option.

Can I switch healthcare plans?

If the employer allows it, yes, you can switch healthcare
plans outside of the normal open enrollment. This is true even for people who
have not had a qualifying event such as a job loss or a change in marital
status.

Can I get health insurance if I didn’t have it before?

Yes, if your employer allows an open enrollment period mid-year, you can elect benefits even if you previously declined them. This allows more people to get insurance that they may now want or need in light of the pandemic.

If I change plans, will I lose what I’ve paid toward my out-of-pocket deductible?

It’s probable that changing plans will reset all
benefits-related counters. That includes deductibles and out-of-pocket
expenses. If you’re considering making a change, weigh how much you’ve already
contributed toward your deductible and out-of-pocket maximum. In some cases, it
might be more financially beneficial to stick with the plan you have if you’re
close to or have already met your maximum.

Changes to FSAs

The IRS also provides a rule change that addresses flexible spending accounts. Again, these changes are dependent upon the employer choosing to participate.

If the employer does choose to participate, employees can make mid-year changes to their FSA elections. For example, you might have elected not to fund an FSA or to fund it very minimally. But in light of the health crisis, you may now want to put more money into your account to cover medical expenses. You may be able to do so.

Alternatively, perhaps your spouse lost his or her job due to COVID-19, and you’d previously elected to fund your FSA with a large amount. You might now need that money to pay for non-FSA-approved expenses. You may be able to elect to reduce your contributions.

Changes to Dependent Care Assistance Programs

The same rule change applies to section 125 cafeteria
plans used to help cover the cost of childcare programs. If your employer
allows it, you can elect to increase or decrease the contributions you’re
making to these programs.

For example, you might have previously elected to contribute enough money to pay for your children’s daycare expenses. This allows you to pay those costs with pretax dollars.

However, during the pandemic, your daycare might have closed, leaving your kids at home with you. Those contributed dollars are going nowhere and you risk losing them. If your employer allows it, you can change your contribution to stop adding money into your cafeteria plan. You can then use those funds to cover expenses related to your children being home.

Healthcare Coverage for COVID-19

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act instituted some exemptions to help ensure high-deductible plans and other insurance plans covered more services related to COVID-19. For example, the plan includes a specific exemption for telehealth services to help allow insurance providers to cover necessary telehealth treatments and appointments.

The IRS rule change allows those exemptions to be applied
retroactively up to January 1, 2020. That means if you sought telehealth or
other COVID-19-related care in the past months, you may be able to have those
claims adjudicated by your insurance plan at this time.

Reach Out to Your Employer’s Benefits Office

Understanding benefits and how they can impact your entire financial life can be difficult. Start by reaching out to your employer’s HR or benefits office to understand whether they’re going to offer the option for mid-year elections and whether they can provide information about how the options work.

Reviewed by John Heath, Directing Attorney of Lexington Law Firm. Written by Lexington Law.

Born and raised in Salt Lake City, John Heath earned his BA from the University of Utah and his Juris Doctor from Ohio Northern University. John has been the Directing Attorney of Lexington Law Firm since 2004. The firm focuses primarily on consumer credit report repair, but also practices family law, criminal law, general consumer litigation and collection defense on behalf of consumer debtors. John is admitted to practice law in Utah, Colorado, Washington D. C., Georgia, Texas and New York.

Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.

Source: lexingtonlaw.com

May 7, 2021

IRS offers new COVID-19 flexibility for employee healthcare benefits

Disclosure regarding Lexington Law’s editorial content.

As COVID-19 swept the globe and the country, it put stress on all types of supply chains and industries. It has also put stress on the financial and health situations of many Americans.

Find out more about these changes and what they might mean
for you here.

Key Points

You may be able to switch to a different healthcare
plan if your employer allows it.
You may be able to drop employer-sponsored
coverage if your employer allows it.
You may be able to change contributions to a
flexible spending account (FSA) if your employer allows it.
Employers may voluntarily extend the grace
period for using 2019 FSA funds.

A Potential Mid-Year Open-Enrollment Period

However, employers are being given the choice of whether
they want to offer these options. The answers to the questions below all depend
on whether your employer elects to allow changes.

Can I drop my healthcare insurance altogether?

Can I switch healthcare plans?

Can I get health insurance if I didn’t have it before?

If I change plans, will I lose what I’ve paid toward my out-of-pocket deductible?

Changes to FSAs

The IRS also provides a rule change that addresses flexible spending accounts. Again, these changes are dependent upon the employer choosing to participate.

Changes to Dependent Care Assistance Programs

For example, you might have previously elected to contribute enough money to pay for your children’s daycare expenses. This allows you to pay those costs with pretax dollars.

Healthcare Coverage for COVID-19

Reach Out to Your Employer’s Benefits Office

Reviewed by John Heath, Directing Attorney of Lexington Law Firm. Written by Lexington Law.

Source: lexingtonlaw.com

May 7, 2021

Hilton confirms top luxury property redemption rates going up by 25%, but could it spread? – The Points Guy

Advertiser Disclosure

Many of the credit card offers that appear on the website are from credit card companies from which ThePointsGuy.com receives compensation. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site (including, for example, the order in which they appear). This site does not include all credit card companies or all available credit card offers. Please view our advertising policy page for more information.

Editorial Note: Opinions expressed here are the author’s alone, not those of any bank, credit card issuer, airlines or hotel chain, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any of these entities.

Source: thepointsguy.com

May 7, 2021

What Is a Bond Mutual Fund – Risks & Different Types of This Investment

Investing is an important part of saving for the future, but many people are wary of putting their money into the stock market. Stocks can be volatile, with prices that change every day. If you can’t handle the volatility and risk of stocks or want to diversify your portfolio into a less risky investment, bonds are a good way to do so.

As with many types of investments, you can invest in bonds through a mutual fund, which gives you easy diversification and professional portfolio management — for a fee.

Are bond mutual funds a good addition to your portfolio? Here are the basics of these investment vehicles.

What Is a Bond?

A bond is a type of debt security. When organizations such as national and local governments, government agencies, or companies want to borrow money, one of the ways they can get the loan they need is by issuing a bond.

Investors purchase bonds from the organizations issuing them. Typically, bonds come with an interest rate and a maturity. For example, a company might sell bonds with an interest rate of 5% and a maturity of 20 years.

The investor would pay the company $1,000 for a $1,000 bond. Each year, that investor receives an interest payment of $50 (5% of $1,000). After 20 years, the investor receives a final interest payment plus the $1,000 they paid to buy the bond.

What Is a Mutual Fund?

A mutual fund is a way for investors to invest in a diverse portfolio while only having to purchase a single security.

Mutual funds pool money from many investors and use that money to buy bonds, stocks, and other securities. Each investor in the fund effectively owns a portion of the fund’s portfolio, so an investor can buy shares in one mutual fund to get exposure to hundreds of stocks or bonds.

This makes it easy for investors to diversify their portfolios.

Mutual fund managers make sure the fund’s portfolio follows their stated strategy and work towards the fund’s stated goal. Mutual funds charge a fee, called an expense ratio, for their services, which is important for investors to keep in mind when comparing funds.

Pro tip: Most mutual funds can be purchased through the individual fund family or through an online broker like Robinhood or Public.

Types of Bond Mutual Funds

There are many types of bond mutual funds that people can invest in.

1. Government

Government bond funds invest most of their money into bonds issued by different governments. Most American government bond funds invest primarily in bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury.

U.S. government debt is seen as some of the safest debt available. There is very little chance that the United States will default on its payments. That security can be appealing for investors, but also translates to lower interest rates than other bonds.

2. Corporate

Corporate bond funds invest most of their assets into bonds issued by companies.

Just like individuals, businesses receive credit ratings that affect how much interest they have to pay to lenders — in this case, investors looking to buy their bonds. Most corporate bond funds buy “investment-grade” bonds, which include the highest-rated bonds from the most creditworthy companies.

The lower a bond’s credit rating, the higher the interest rate it will pay. However, lower credit ratings also translate to a higher risk of default, so corporate bond funds will hold a mixture of bonds from a variety of companies to help diversify their risks.

3. Municipal

Municipal bonds are bonds issued by state and local governments, as well as government agencies.

Like businesses, different municipalities can have different credit ratings, which impacts the interest they must pay to sell their bonds. Municipal bond funds own a mixture of different bonds to help reduce the risk of any one issuer defaulting on its payments.

One unique perk of municipal bonds is that some or all of the interest that investors earn can be tax-free. The tax treatment of the returns depends on the precise holdings of the fund and where the investor lives.

Some mutual fund companies design special municipal bond funds for different states, giving investors from those states an option that provides completely tax-free yields.

The tax advantages municipal bond funds offer can make their effective yields higher than other bond funds that don’t offer tax-free yields. For example, someone in the 24% tax bracket would need to earn just under 4% on a taxable bond fund to get the equivalent return of a tax-free municipal bond fund offering 3%.

4. High-Yield

High-yield bond funds invest in bonds that offer higher interest rates than other bonds, like municipal bonds and government bonds.

Typically, this means buying bonds from issuers with lower credit ratings than investment-grade bonds. These bonds are sometimes called junk bonds. Their name comes from the fact that they are significantly riskier than other types of bonds, so there’s a higher chance that the issuer defaults and stops making interest payments.

Bond mutual funds diversify by buying bonds from hundreds of different issuers, which can help reduce this risk, but there’s still a good chance that some of the bonds in the fund’s portfolio will go into default, which can drag down the fund’s performance.

5. International

Foreign governments and companies need to borrow money just like American companies and governments. There’s nothing stopping Americans from investing in foreign bonds, so there are some mutual funds that focus on buying international bonds.

Each country and company has a credit rating that impacts the interest rate it has to pay. Many stable governments are seen as highly safe, much like the United States, but smaller or less economically developed nations sometimes have lower credit ratings, leading them to pay higher interest rates.

Another factor to keep in mind with international bonds is the currency they’re denominated in.

With American bonds, you buy the bond in dollars and get interest payments in dollars. If you buy a British bond, you might have to convert your dollars to pounds to buy the bond and receive your interest payments in pounds. This adds some currency risk to the equation, which can make investing in international bond funds more complex.

6. Mixed

Some bond mutual funds don’t specialize in any single type of bond. Instead, they hold a variety of bonds, foreign and domestic, government and corporate. This lets the fund managers focus on buying high-quality bonds with solid yields instead of restricting themselves to a specific class of bonds.

Why Invest in Bond Mutual Funds?

There are a few reasons for investors to consider investing in bond mutual funds.

Reduce Portfolio Risk and Volatility

One advantage of investing in bonds is that they tend to be much less risky and volatile than stocks.

Investing in stocks or mutual funds that hold stocks is an effective way to grow your investment portfolio. The S&P 500, for example, has averaged returns of almost 10% per year over the past century. However, in some years, the index has moved almost 40% upward or downward.

Over the long term, it’s easier to handle the volatility of stocks, but some people don’t have long-term investing goals. For example, people in retirement are more concerned with producing income and maintaining their spending power.

Putting some of your portfolio into bonds can reduce the impact of volatile stocks on your portfolio. This can be good for more risk-averse investors or those who have shorter time horizons for their investments.

There are some mutual funds, called target-date mutual funds, that hold a mix of stocks and bonds and increase their bond holdings over time, reducing risk as the target date nears.

Income

Bonds make regular interest payments to their holders and the majority of bond funds use some of the money they receive to make payments to their investors. This makes bond mutual funds popular among investors who want to make their investment portfolio a source of passive income.

You can look at different bond mutual funds and their annual yields to get an idea of how much income they’ll provide each year. For example, if a mutual fund offers a yield of 2.5%, investors can expect to receive $250 each year for every $10,000 they invest in the fund.

Pro tip: Have you considered hiring a financial advisor but don’t want to pay the high fees? Enter Vanguard Personal Advisor Services. When you sign up you’ll work closely with an advisor to create a custom investment plan that can help you meet your financial goals. Read our Vanguard Personal Advisor Services review.

Risks of Bond Funds

Before investing in bonds or bond mutual funds, you should consider the risks of investing in bonds.

Interest Rate Risk

One of the primary risks of fixed-income investing — whether you’re investing in bonds or bond funds — is interest rate risk.

Investors can buy and sell most bonds on the open market in addition to buying newly issued bonds directly from the issuing company or government. The market value of a bond will change with market interest rates.

In general, if market rates rise, the value of existing bonds falls. Conversely, if market rates fall, the value of existing bonds rises.

To understand why this happens, consider this example. Say you purchased a BBB-rated corporate bond with an interest rate of 2% for $1,000. Since you bought the bond, market rates have increased, so now BBB-rated companies now have to pay 3% to convince investors to buy their bonds.

If someone can buy a new $1,000 bond paying 3% interest, why would they pay you the same amount for your $1,000 bond paying 2% interest? If you want to sell your bond, you’ll have to sell it at a discount because investors can get a better deal on newly issued bonds.

Of course, the opposite is true if interest rates fall. In the above example, if market rates fell to 1%, you could command a premium for your bond paying 2% because investors can’t find new bonds of the same quality that pay that much anymore.

Interest rate risk applies to bond funds just as it applies to individual bonds. As rates rise, the share price of the fund tends to fall and vice versa.

Generally, the longer the bond’s maturity, the greater the effect a change in market interest rates will have on the bond’s value. Short-term bonds have much less interest rate risk than long-term bonds. Bond funds usually list the average time to maturity of bonds in their portfolio, which can help you assess a fund’s interest rate risk.

Credit Risk

Bonds are debt securities, meaning they’re reliant on the bond issuer being able to pay its debts.

Just like people, companies and governments can go bankrupt or default on their loan payments. If this happens, the people who own those bonds won’t get the money they lent back.

Bond mutual funds hold thousands of bonds, but if one of the issuers defaults, some of the fund’s bonds become worthless, reducing the value of the investors’ shares in the fund.

Bonds issued by organizations with higher credit ratings are generally less risky than those with poor credit ratings. For example, most people would consider U.S. government bonds to have a very low credit risk. A junk bond fund would have much more credit risk.

Foreign Exchange Risk

If you’re buying shares in a bond fund that invests in foreign bonds, you should consider foreign exchange risk.

Currencies constantly fluctuate in value. Over the past five years, $1 could buy anywhere between 0.80 and 0.96 euros.

To maximize returns, investors want to buy foreign bonds when the dollar is strong and receive interest payments and return of principal when the dollar is weak.

However, it’s incredibly hard to predict how currencies’ values will change over time, so investors in foreign bonds should consider how changing currency values will affect their returns.

Some bond funds use different strategies to hedge against this risk, using tools like currency futures or buying dollar-denominated bonds from foreign entities.

Fees

Mutual funds charge fees, which they commonly express as an expense ratio.

A fund’s expense ratio is the percentage of your invested assets that you pay each year. For example, someone who invests $10,000 in a mutual fund with a 1% expense ratio will pay $100 in fees each year.

Expense ratio fees are included when calculating the fund’s share price each day, so you don’t have to worry about having cash on hand to pay the fee. The fees are taken directly out of the fund’s share price, almost imperceptibly. Still, it’s important to understand the impact fees have on your overall returns.

If you invest $10,000 in a fund that produces an annual return of 5% and has a 0.25% expense ratio, after 20 years you’ll have $25,297.68. If that same fund had an expense ratio of 0.50%, you’d finish the 20 years with $24,117.14 instead.

In this example, a difference of 0.25% in fees would cost you more than $1,000.

If you find two bond funds with similar holdings and strategies, the one with the lower fees tends to be the better choice.

Final Word

Bond mutual funds are a popular way for investors to get exposure to bonds in their portfolios. Just as there are many different types of stocks, there are many types of bonds, each with advantages and disadvantages.

If you don’t want to pick and choose bonds to invest in, bond funds offer instant diversification and professional management. If you want an even more hands-off investing experience, working with a financial advisor or robo-advisor that handles your entire portfolio may be worth considering.

Source: moneycrashers.com

May 7, 2021

5 Tips on How to Store Winter Clothes

Sewing is not something everyone is fluent in, and let’s face it — it is a time-consuming and often frustrating activity. Fortunately, with the right resources, you can easily repair your winter items before storing them with iron-on patches. (Here’s a side gig opportunity for you sewers out there. Offer to make these repairs for friends or the winter sports community for cash, of course.)
Most department stores stock iron-on patches, making it as simple as heading to your local Walmart or Joann Fabrics to quickly and economically get your winter clothes ready for long-term storage.

5 Ways to Get More Life Out Cold Weather Clothes

Patagonia offers a free repair for all of its branded clothing, for example. All you need to do is submit a repair assessment form and Patagonia will pay for the shipping and repair of your item.
You may be tempted to stuff that down parka in a box and store it in the attic. After all, you want that closet space for summer clothes. But don’t. Down needs to breathe. Follow the tips below but let the coat hang loose in the closet. When you’re ready to wear it again, and doesn’t that come too soon, toss it in the dryer on low for about 10 minutes.

1. Repair Before You Pack

To wash a down jacket, aim to use a front-loading washer (top-loading washer drums can sometimes agitate or distort down items). Place the down jacket in the washer with like items (ahem, your other winter clothes), set the wash and rinse setting to cold water, and use a down-specific detergent.
One unique trait of winter clothing is that much of it is waterproof or water-resistant. This comes in handy during snowstorms, sleet and slush that are trademarks of the year’s most frigid months.
There are tons of waterproofing products on the market to protect your winter gear. Many exist in the form of sprays or paint-on coatings that dry quickly and do not impact the look or feel of the clothing. Most cost under and will help your winter clothes last for numerous snowstorms to come.
Source: thepennyhoarder.com
Whether you’re hoping to make your winter wardrobe more resistant to the elements or protect a particularly cozy sweater from the cold, making the investment in waterproofing before storing winter clothes will help you save time and money next year and beyond.
Being proactive is rarely a bad thing. In this case, taking steps to prevent winter clothes-loving critters like moths and mice will pay dividends in keeping your winter gear creature-free.

2. Prepare for the Next Snowstorm … a Year in Advance

REI also makes it easy to extend the life of your winter gear before storing it into a closet. Whether you have a backpack, jacket, shirt, or winter shoes that could use some love, REI has you covered and will provide you with a free estimate for any repairs.
Instead, make your first stop in storing winter clothes the repair shop. And thanks to nationally available programs, fixing a rip or tear doesn’t have to cost you a fortune.
Wool coats, however, can be stored in bug-proof garment bags and stored in the attic or basement. Read on for more tips.
It may seem obvious, but giving winter gear a once-over with detergent or other cleaning supplies will help winter coats, winter shoes, and other cold-weather items to maintain their textile integrity and bonus — it will help keep clothes smelling fresh for the next time you pull them out and over your head.
The sting of winter’s cold is finally giving way to the warmer, sunnier days of spring. As the seasons change, so too does our wardrobe. Goodbye parka, hello light sweater. It’s a welcome change for many of us to store our winter clothes and not give them a second thought for many months.

3. Bring the Heat to the Cold

Winter is a harsh season. For many of us, it entails snow, wind, mud and sidewalk salt. All of these can impact the integrity of your favorite winter clothes.
To ward off moths and other bugs, spend less than on a bag of cedar chips. Place the chips in the storage bin, plastic bag, or closet where you are storing winter clothes and let the refreshing cedar scent not only soothe your nose, but naturally ward off undesirable insects. Cedar will not damage clothes or alter them, either, making it a cheap way to keep winter clothes fresh.
Ensuring that down-filled products — and all winter gear — are entirely dry before storing them in a closet for months is critical. Down products can go in a low-heat dryer. For other products such as shoes and boots, using a low-heat setting on a hairdryer or good ole’ air drying should suffice.
But knowing how to store winter clothes is key to making garments last beyond one season. Down parkas can cost anywhere from 0 to ,000. No matter what you spend, you don’t want to flush that money away. Taking care to store winter clothes with an eye for longevity can help turn your one-season parka purchase into a multi-decade investment, saving you hundreds — if not thousands — of dollars over the years.

Depending on how big the tear is, a tailor might charge to . If you have a good relationship with a cleaners, their tailor might make the fix for less. On a less expensive coat, the repair might not be worth it but if you’ve paid 0 or more and only worn the coat for one season, consider the repair.

4. Ward Off the Vermin

Colorado-based writer Kristin Jenny focuses on lifestyle and wellness. She is a regular contributor to The Penny Hoarder.
Instead of chucking those winter boots into a closet and hoping for the best, be proactive by restoring waterproof abilities prior to tossing in a storage container.
Iron-on patches are extremely cheap — often less than —and only require a hot iron in order to be effective.
Storing winter clothes is a process that should be done with some thought and should not be a haphazard process of tossing things into plastic bags, shoving them under the bed, and calling it good.
Although bugs are typically the main culprit in clothing destruction, mice are not uncommon predators to winter clothing in long term storage or hastily-packed storage bins.

5. Keep it Clean

Winter clothing is rarely cheap and is often a budget-altering expense. From boots costing over 0 to specialized pants and accessories starting in the -range, it is to your benefit to know how to store winter clothes. When done correctly, you’ll have gear that lasts for years —if not decades — and will save you enough money to perhaps take that ski trip you’ve always dreamed about.
There are a variety of iron-on patches to choose from, with some made specific for nylon gear, some for jeans, and others for standard cotton clothing.
For synthetic and water-resistant products like Gore-Tex, a damp towel with some gentle soap should be enough to wipe away a winter’s worth of grime. The same goes for many winterized shoes and winter boots.
Even the most durable of winter gear can rip, snag or tear. While programs like those of Patagonia and REI will assist in repairing everything from damaged clothing to worn winter boots, sometimes it can be easier and more efficient to fix a small hole yourself.
For just about , you can purchase these ultrasonic sensors to put in your closet, small space, or attic and know that your winter gear will be safe for another season.
Outside of mouse traps, ultrasonic mice repellent sensors are a natural and slightly less grisly way to defend against these four-legged foe.
Nothing lasts forever, including the waterproof coating that protects much of the winter gear you’re getting ready to put into a storage bin.

May 6, 2021

What Is Real Estate Due Diligence?

There isn’t an Easy Button for doing your due diligence. It’s really a time-consuming process, and few people have any idea what to do.

Purchasing and owning real estate is always high risk — whether it’s a single family home that you’ll occupy or a 50-unit apartment building for income. You’ll hear experts say to make sure to “do your due diligence” when buying property, but what does that actually mean? What is due diligence?

The truth is, there isn’t an “easy button” for doing your due diligence. It’s really a time-consuming process, and few people have any idea what to do. So here is what it means and some of the steps you should consider and perform.

Do your homework

Due diligence means taking caution, performing calculations, reviewing documents, procuring insurance, walking the property, etc. — essentially doing your homework for the property BEFORE you actually make the purchase. If there are too many issues with the property — and that means too much potential risk and cost — then you can cancel your purchase agreement and look for a better property.

Here are just a few of the steps that apply to both personal residences and investment properties, although some may only apply to one.

Shop the marketplace

Make sure you know what the market has to offer. Too many people look at just a few properties, put in an offer and purchase. You should spend several months looking at properties before you buy.

Mortgage financing

Make sure the mortgage deal you get is fair and in line with competitors. Probably less than 20 percent of people get two bids for their financing, so they don’t know whether they’ve received a fair deal.

Pencil out your investment

If you’re buying an investment property, it’s vital to pencil out your deal. How do you know whether it’s a good deal if you haven’t done the math and compared it to other opportunities?

Property inspection

You probably had an inspection, but did you go to it? Did you review the inspector’s remarks on all the work that needs to be done? Then did you call a contractor or go to a home repair store to see how much it will cost to put the property in the shape you desire? Renovating properties is hugely expensive and high risk, so make sure you get estimates for the work before you decide to move forward with a purchase.

Insurance

Did you check to see whether an insurance policy can be written for the property? How much will it cost? Some areas, such as fire-prone or hurricane-prone areas, might not even be able to get a policy. And even if they do, it might be prohibitively expensive. Get some bids before you’re too far along in your purchasing process.

Homeowners association

Do you know how to review the HOA documents to avoid communities that are in disastrous shape, out of money or have significant construction issues? This is actually a pretty complicated task, but you don’t want to buy into a total mess of an HOA. If you do, you will feel some discomfort as the years go by and you have to deal with the issues and special assessments that you will be required to pay.

Title insurance & plat

Did you look at the title abstract and insurance policy? This will help you see if there are some issues that should concern you. Talk to the title insurance company agent and lawyer to help you review the documents. Also look at the plat of the property, have the easements plotted by title and walk the property for encumbrances.

Those are just a few of the many items that make up due diligence when buying real estate. Remember, you have to do these before you close escrow on the property. If you fail to do the proper tasks, problems might arise that were preventable, and might make your real estate experience less than palatable, or downright life changing! Or they might cause you to lose all the money you’ve put into the property.

Leonard Baron is America’s Real Estate Professor®. His unbiased, neutral and inexpensive “Real Estate Ownership, Investment and Due Diligence 101” textbook teaches potential real estate buyers how to make smart and safe purchase decisions. He is a San Diego State University Lecturer, blogs at Zillow.com, and loves kicking the tires of a good piece of dirt! More at ProfessorBaron.com.

Note: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of Zillow.

Source: zillow.com