Another reason why the Fed can let the CRE swoon rip.
By Wolf Richter for WOLF STREET.
The multifamily segment of Commercial Real Estate – apartments – is holding up better than office, retail (the Brick-and-Mortar Meltdown since 2017), and lodging, though it’s cracking too with some spectacular defaults over the past 12 months or so. Yet, US banks and thrifts and foreign banks hold only a small-ish portion.
Total mortgages backed by multifamily properties rose by 4.4% year-over-year in Q4, or by $88 billion, to $2.09 trillion, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association, based on its own data, and on data from the Federal Reserve, Trepp, and the FDIC.
Of those mortgages:
US government agencies, US Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs), state and local governments, and state and local government pension funds held 54.8%, or $1.09 trillion.
US banks and thrifts and foreign banks held 29.3%, or $612 billion.
Life insurers held 11.3%, or $235 billion.
Another 3.2%, or $67 billion, had been securitized into CMBS, CDOs, and ABS, and those securities were held by investors.
Other investors, including private pension funds and REITs, held 2%.
The blue line represents federal government backed entities – including MBS issued and guaranteed by those entities, Quite an interesting trend (chart via MBA):
The MBA excludes loans for acquisition, development and construction, and loans collateralized by owner-occupied commercial properties.
For about a year, we’ve been reporting on how non-bank entities, from CMBS holders to PE firms, were on the hook for office and other CRE mortgages, how the biggest losses have hit these investors, particularly the CMBS investors, and not banks. And among the banks that it did hit, there were a slew of foreign banks.
But with the multifamily segment of CRE, it’s mostly federal, state, and local government entities, including their pension funds that are on the hook – meaning the taxpayers are on the hook for 54.8% of all multifamily mortgages.
And the Fed couldn’t care less about taxpayers. The Fed is worried about the banks, not a few individual banks, but about contagion across the banking system triggering a banking panic. But with the 4,026 US banks with $23 trillion in total assets holding only $612 billion in multifamily mortgages – well, that’s less than 3% of their total assets. In other words, the banking system overall isn’t fundamentally threatened by bad multifamily loan.
Even if many of the banks’ $612 billion in multifamily loans default, they’re secured by multifamily buildings with some value, so the losses are going to be only fraction of the $612 billion, spread over 4,026 banks with $23 trillion in total assets.
As always, some smaller banks with concentrated exposure in some markets may eventually topple under defaulted multifamily loans. Fitch thinks 49 tiny banks are heavily exposed to troubled multifamily loans, and some of those banks make topple. In nearly every year, some banks toppled, and it’s just part of the risks in the banking system, and it’s the FDIC’s job to mop up those local messes at investors’ expense.
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Interest-only mortgages let you pay just the accruing interest on your loan for an introductory period — but they come with high payments once that period ends.
These loans mainly benefit those planning to move or anticipating a big income increase within a decade.
Since the Great Recession, interest-only mortgages have been hard to find due to their high risk.
An interest-only mortgage allows you to pay only the interest on your loan for a set period. This type of mortgage can help you more easily afford the payments in the short term — but not without some drawbacks. Here’s what to know.
What is an interest-only mortgage?
An interest-only mortgage is a home loan that allows borrowers to make interest-only payments for a set amount of time, typically between seven and 10 years, at the start of a 30-year term. After this introductory period ends, the borrower pays principal and interest for the remainder of the loan at a variable interest rate.
In the early 2000s, homebuyers gave in to the instant gratification of mortgages that allowed them to make interest-only payments at the start of the loan, so long as they took on supersized payments over the long term. This was one of the risky practices that contributed to the housing crisis in 2007, leading to the Great Recession. In the end, many people lost their homes.
Some lenders still offer interest-only mortgages today — often as an adjustable-rate loan — but with much stricter eligibility requirements. They are now considered non-qualified mortgages (non-QM loans) because they don’t meet the backing criteria for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or the other government entities that insure and repurchase mortgages. Simply put: an interest-only mortgage is a riskier product.
How do interest-only mortgages work?
With an interest-only loan, you’ll pay interest at a fixed or adjustable rate during the interest-only period. The interest rates are comparable with what you might find with a conventional loan, but because you’re not paying any principal, the initial payments are much lower. However, they may still include property taxes, homeowners insurance and possibly private mortgage insurance (PMI).
Even though you’re only required to pay the interest at first, you still have the option of paying down the principal during the loan’s introductory period.
At the end of the initial period, borrowers must repay the principal either in one balloon payment at a set date, which can be very large, or in monthly payments (that also include interest) for the remainder of the term. These payments of principal and interest are going to be larger than the interest-only ones. And, because your principal payments are being amortized over only 20 years instead of 30, those payments will be higher than those of someone with a traditional 30-year loan.
You can refinance after the interest-only period is over, although fees will likely apply.
Example of an interest-only mortgage
Say you obtain a 30-year interest-only loan for $330,000, with an initial rate of 5.1 percent and an interest-only term of seven years. During the interest-only period, you’d pay roughly $1,403 per month.
After this initial phase, with our interest-only loan example, the payment would rise to $2,033 per month — assuming your rate doesn’t change. Many interest-only loans convert to an adjustable rate, so if rates rise in the future, yours will, too (and vice versa).
With a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage for the same amount, you’d pay $1,882 per month. This includes principal and interest, and also accounts for the higher rate on this type of loan — in this case, 5.54 percent.
With both the traditional fixed-rate option and our interest-only loan example, you’d pay a total of about $677,000, with around $347,000 of those payments going toward interest. As you can see, however, you’d ultimately have a higher monthly payment with an interest-only loan. If your interest-only loan requires a balloon payment instead, you’d be on the hook for several hundred thousand dollars.
How to qualify for an interest-only mortgage
Interest-only loans have been harder to come by since the housing crisis of the mid-2000s. Fewer lenders offer them, and banks have set stricter requirements to qualify.
Banks generally only offer an interest-only mortgage to a well-qualified borrower. You’ll likely need:
A credit score of 700 or more
A debt-to-income (DTI) ratio of 43 percent of less
A down payment of 20 percent or more
Solid proof of future earning potential
Ample assets
Should you consider an interest-only mortgage?
The best candidates for an interest-only mortgage are borrowers who have full confidence they’ll be able to cover the higher monthly payments when they arise. This kind of home loan might be right for you if:
You’re in graduate school and want to keep repayments low for now — but anticipate having a high-paying job in future
You have a trust that will start releasing assets at a future date
You flip houses and need to keep expenses down during the remodel
You expect to move before the end of the introductory period
Interest-only loans can be a prudent personal finance strategy under certain circumstances, but they’re not a good idea for everyone. Here are some pros and cons:
Pros of interest-only mortgages
You get more house for your money. You can enjoy a larger home for less money while you save up for a larger mortgage. That’s assuming you have a sound plan in place for when those larger payments eventually kick in. Bankrate’s affordability calculator can help you estimate how much house you can afford.
Interest-only payments are smaller than conventional mortgage payments. The initial monthly payments on interest-only loans tend to be significantly lower than payments on conventional loans, and the interest rate may be fixed during the first part of the loan. Bankrate’s interest-only mortgage calculator can help you determine what your monthly payment would be.
You kick higher payments down the road. You can delay making large mortgage payments or avoid them entirely if you plan to move out of your home before the introductory period ends.
If interest rates are high now, you can avoid them. If rates are anticipated to be lower in the future, you can keep your monthly payments relatively affordable and then reap the benefits of lower rates by the time the interest-only period ends.
Cons of interest-only mortgages
You won’t build home equity. As long as you’re only paying interest, you’re not building equity in your home. And if your home’s value depreciates, you could end up upside-down on your mortgage or risk negative amortization.
You might get an unaffordable payment after the interest-only period. You could encounter serious sticker shock when the interest-only period ends, and your monthly payments suddenly double or triple, or if you have to make a sizable balloon payment at the end of the initial period.
You’ll be at the mercy of market interest rates. If rates have risen since the loan originated, when the intro period ends, you may have a payment much higher than you want.
If your income changes, the home may be unaffordable down the road. Your anticipated future income might not match your expectations, saddling you with more house than you can afford.
Alternatives to an interest-only mortgage
Before you take on this kind of loan, ask yourself: what is an interest-only mortgage going to do for you? Make sure you think long-term.
If you want to avoid this higher-risk form of home financing, you can explore other types of mortgages. Many adjustable-rate mortgages also have a long, low-interest introductory rate period — and, since the payments include some principal, you’ll be building equity during it.
If you’re drawn to interest-only loans because of the low monthly payment, explore government-backed loans like one from the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). These can give you more affordable payments without the future jump that comes with an interest-only mortgage.
Can I change to an interest-only mortgage?
It is possible to refinance a traditional mortgage to an interest-only loan, and borrowers might consider this option as a way to free up money to put toward short-term investments or an unexpected expense. So, how do interest-only loans work as a refi? You would meet the same scrutiny and requirements as you would if applying for a first-time interest-only loan.
The same eligibility criteria for refinancing also apply, and some lenders may raise the bar since it is a higher-risk loan.
In any refinance, you will need to receive a home appraisal and pay closing costs and fees. Refinancing can cost 3 percent to 6 percent of the home’s total amount. In addition, if you have less than 20 percent equity in your home, you will be required to pay PMI.
Paying bills is one of those forever things in life. But between the sheer number of bills for the month—rent or mortgage payment, car payment, utilities, credit cards—and the different ways to pay them, it can be tough to keep track of it all.
Making timely payments, though, is essential. Paying bills on time can mean avoiding late fees, higher interest rates, and dings to your credit score. In fact, your payment history—or how often you pay your bills on time—makes up the biggest portion of your credit score.
Fortunately, learning how to pay bills on time is often just a matter of getting organized and setting up a bill payment schedule. Try these tips and tricks to make missing bill due dates a thing of the past.
Take stock of all your monthly bills
First things first: You need to make a list of your bills for the month. Comb through your credit card and bank statements, and even your credit reports, to find typical payment amounts for your rent, utilities, loans, and credit cards. And don’t forget to look for more irregularly scheduled bills, like car insurance or subscription renewals.
Next, record the bills on a spreadsheet, in a budgeting app, or using any “method that will keep you organized and help you pay your bills on time,” says Dan Herron, a CFP® and certified public accountant. Be sure to include payments that are automatically paid out of your checking account or billed to your credit card. For each bill, write down:
Even if you’re a budgeting whiz, there may come a day when you can’t afford to pay all of your bills on time. That’s why you should also organize monthly bills by payment priority.
Using the above list, sort your bills into two groups: higher and lower priority. High-priority bills are for basic needs like shelter, transportation to work, and health insurance, or those that generally must be paid in full. Lower-priority bills are those that are important but offer some flexibility—for example, the ability to make a minimum payment (as is the case for a credit card) or to extend your payment due date.
Now you have a categorization system to help you make smart decisions about how to pay bills during times when you’re short on money.
Optimize your payment schedules
Once you have a monthly bills checklist, you can create a bill payment schedule that turns a slew of payment due dates and methods into a more streamlined system for how to pay bills. Here’s how to create one.
Group bills by due date
Many bills are due around the same time. Go through your monthly bills checklist and group them based on due date similarity.
Change your bill due dates
Some creditors allow you to change your regular bill due date. If you have many bills due at the beginning of the month, you may want to move some to the end of the month for better cash flow (for example, instead of paying a bill on Oct. 1, see if you can move it up to Sept. 30.) Update your bill payment schedule if you make any changes.
Add due dates to a calendar
Once you have your bills organized by due date, add them to a digital calendar and set payment reminders for a week before each bill is due, Herron says.
How to organize your bills
Staying organized is the best way to pay bills each month. What works best for you won’t be exactly the same as for someone else, but there are guidelines for how to pay bills most efficiently.
Create a bill ‘drop zone’
Rather than tossing your paper bills onto an already teetering pile of mail, keep unpaid bills in a dedicated file folder or basket. For electronic bills, create a digital folder for unpaid bills in your email, on your desktop, or in a cloud storage system. Once you’ve paid a bill, move it from the unpaid folder into a paid folder for that month or year, Herron says.
Automate as much as possible
The bill pay feature in your Discover® Cashback Debit account can make paying bills a snap. While automating all your bills comes with the risk of overdrawing your checking account—be sure you have overdraft protection or a connected savings account, Herron says.
Checking with cash back and no monthly fees
Discover Bank, Member FDIC
Decide when to pay your bills
Figure out how to pay bills that won’t be automatically paid from your checking account. Will you pay them when they come due or on a specific day or two each month? For example, if you have a bunch of bills due on the 15th of the month, you might decide to pay them all on the 8th of the month.
Take advantage of tech
Good news: You don’t have to rely solely on your memory or your organizational skills to pay your bills on time. Lean on technology for help.
Sign up for reminders from your bank and creditors when your bills are due. You can also receive notices of when payments or checks have cleared and when your checking account balance has dipped below a certain amount.
Also, consider using online bill pay through a checking account, which is one of the best ways to pay bills each month. In addition to automatic payments, this service offers features you can’t get from many other payment methods, such as paying multiple bills from one place and scheduling your bills to be paid in advance.
Have savings ready in case of an emergency
Having savings can help you ride out an emergency—say, a medical issue or a surprise car repair—without skipping a bill payment or taking on debt. Many financial experts recommend having enough money stored up to cover three to six months’ worth of expenses in case of a financial emergency. (Read our guide on adjusting your budget in case of a layoff.)
You can build your savings with sporadic deposits over time, but it’s also a good idea to include saving a regular amount as an “expense” in your budget. And if you have money left over after paying your bills, consider setting aside an additional portion in a separate savings account. “If the account is a high-yield savings account, you can earn some interest while you’re at it,” Herron says.
Ask for help when you need it
If you’re worried you won’t be able to cover all your bills—or you’ve already fallen behind—you have options! While it’s best to contact your creditors before you miss a payment, don’t be afraid to reach out at any point. Many creditors—such as credit card companies, medical providers, and banks—have options to help make paying your bills more manageable. For example, they might put you on a payment plan, adjust your payment due dates, or waive late fees.
Depending on your income level, there are also government programs targeted at helping people pay their utility bills.
Reevaluate and readjust
Managing and paying your bills is not a one-and-done situation. Be sure to keep your monthly bills checklist and bill payment schedule updated throughout the year.
Herron recommends reviewing your credit card and checking account statements weekly to “check your spending and see if there are any bills that you don’t recognize or that have gone up in price.” Not only can this help you stay on budget, but it’s also a good opportunity to cancel any subscriptions you no longer want. If you’re struggling to pay your bills, look for areas where you can reduce your expenses or find a better deal and then take action, like shopping around for cheaper internet service.
You’re in control
Paying bills may never be your favorite thing to do, but creating a system for how to pay bills on time can make you feel much more prepared and secure when the first of the month (or the 15th or the 30th) rolls around.
Automation is one easy step to help ensure your bills get paid on time each month, and a Discover Cashback Debit account makes bill paying simple and straightforward. Plus, it earns 1% cash back on up to $3,000 in debit card purchases each month.1 That’s a win-win for anyone looking to stay current on their bills and make a little extra cash while they do it.
Articles may contain information from third parties. The inclusion of such information does not imply an affiliation with the bank or bank sponsorship, endorsement, or verification regarding the third-party or information.
1ATM transactions, the purchase of money orders or other cash equivalents, cash over portions of point-of-sale transactions, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) payments (such as Apple Pay® Cash), online sports betting and internet gambling transactions, and loan payments or account funding made with your debit card are not eligible for cash back rewards. In addition, purchases made using third-party payment accounts (services such as Venmo® and PayPal®, who also provide P2P payments) may not be eligible for cash back rewards. Apple Pay is a trademark of Apple Inc. Venmo and PayPal are registered trademarks of PayPal, Inc. Samsung Pay is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Google, Google Pay, and Android are trademarks of Google LLC.
After a few real-life conversations and my running the math, I’ve decided that a “50/50” rule for college saving achieves the best of both worlds.
The rule is:
~50% of your college savings goals should be saved via a 529 plan.
The other ~50% should be saved via a taxable brokerage account.
Why is that the case? Let’s discuss what we do and don’t want from our college savings plan.
PS – if you want further background reading on 529 plans, here are some other useful articles…
What We Do and Don’t Want from College Savings
We do want to save for college. Ground-breaking stuff.
We do want to reduce our income taxes.
We do want our investments to grow tax-free.
We do want flexibility while we save, in case life throws us a curveball.
We don’t want to end up with permanently frozen assets. We don’t want “leftover” 529 dollars.
529 College Savings Plans offer some of these ideals. But not all.
In fact, 529 plans are terrible at achieving some of the abovementioned goals.
Reducing Income Taxes
Many states offer income tax deductions on 529 contributions. In New York, for example, the first $10,000 contributed to 529s per year is exempt from state tax. That’s a ~$600 annual savings (depending on tax bracket).
Tax-Free Growth
529 investments grow tax-free, just like 401(k) or IRA assets. There’s no annual tax on dividends and interest. This leaves more dollars behind to compound.
Let’s Measure That Tax Savings
If we apply these two tax advantages to a reasonable scenario**, it’s realistic to expect a 529 account to result in 15-20% more dollars for college than a taxable brokerage account.
**see this Google sheet for detail.
But taxable brokerage accounts have distinct advantages on our other ideals.
Flexibility & “Frozen” Assets
Taxable accounts are very flexible. You can withdraw from them anytime (e.g. during an unexpected emergency). 529 dollars, on the other hand, must be spent on educational expenses and cannot be withdrawn for other reasons.
What if your kid decides to skip college? Unused funds in a 529 can be impossible to withdraw without taxes and penalties. Taxable accounts avoid this situation.
What’s the 529 Withdrawal Penalty?
Every 529 withdrawal—whether for education purposes or not—is made pro rata between your contributions and your earnings. The contributions are never taxed and never penalized, but the earnings can be if your withdrawal is not for a qualified educational expense.
For example:
Your 529 plan has $100,000 of contributions and $50,000 of earnings. (Two-thirds and one-third)
You make a $30,000 withdrawal. You have no choice in that $20,000 will come from contributions and $10,000 will come from earnings (Two-thirds and one-third)
If your withdrawal is not for qualified education expenses, the $10,000 earnings portion will be taxed as income (more marginal tax dollars, ouch!) and will suffer a 10% penalty.
If you run the math, you’ll see this penalty eats away at all the 529’s tax benefits. You do not want to suffer this penalty.
Finding Balance Between 529 and Taxable
The question is how to balance these various pros and cons. The 50/50 Rule does so!
Let’s say you aim to gift your children $100,000 over their four years of college. How generous! I submit you should aim to have:
$50,000 of that gift coming from a 529
And $50,000 from a taxable brokerage
You know it won’t be a perfectly ideal scenario. Whatever reality throws at you, you’ll wish you had decided to go all-in on the 529 or all-in on the taxable.
But you don’t know the future! This fact – that we’re more mortals without a crystal ball – is one of the fundamental frustrations in financial planning. If we knew the future, we could make a perfect financial plan. But we don’t, so we can’t. Our best solutions, therefore, involve hedging our bets. We’d rather know we’re 50% correct than be surprised later we’re 100% wrong.
The 50/50 Rule guarantees a middle-of-the-road solution. You’ll capture tax benefits and retain flexibility.
If Johnny gets a little scholarship and only needs 70% of your saved money, great! Use the 529 dollars completely. Dip into the taxable account when needed, and keep the remaining taxable dollars for other goals in life. You’ll be confident your 529 account will be completely drained, avoiding frustrating taxes and penalties.
Does It Have to Be 50/50?
I’ll admit: dividing the two accounts down the middle, 50/50, is an easy shorthand. You can choose a different fraction. But when thinking it through, my primary concerns are:
You need to be confident you’ll drain the 529s. If Johnny’s college will cost $200,000 and you aim to have all $200,000 in a 529, I don’t like that. There’s no margin for error.
You want to have a large enough portion in the taxable account to provide “just in case” flexibility.
Maybe 75/25 makes more sense for you. I can get on board with that. But I wouldn’t go much higher than 75% from the 529.
Working Backward
You can work backward from your future goal to discover what today’s saving rates need to be. In our hypothetical scenario of $50K in a 529 and $50K in a taxable (for college in ~15 years, we’ll say), a reasonable starting point is to put $2000 per year (or ~$170 per month) into each account. That’s how the math shakes out.
Depending on your timeline and assumed rate of compound growth, a simple spreadsheet or question to your financial planner will inform what your savings plan should be.
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-Jesse
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loanDepot greatly reduced its costs in 2023 while revenues were in free fall amid a contracting market. It wasn’t enough to bring the California-based lender company profitability, but it narrowed its losses.
Operationally, loanDepot entered 2024 by dealing with a cyberattack that brought its systems down and a forecast for market conditions to improve.
loanDepot recorded a non-GAAP adjusted net loss of $142.4 million in 2023, compared to a $457.6 million loss in 2022. By GAAP accounting standards, the net loss last year was $235.5 million, per filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Tuesday.
In 2023, a year marked by lower volume throughout the market, loanDepot’s revenues decreased 22% to $974 million. The reduction was impacted by its exit of the wholesale channel in 2022, and it was partially offset by growth in servicing income and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), as well as higher margins.
Expenses, meanwhile, decreased by 36% to $1.25 billion in 2023. But this cutback could have been even larger if loanDepot hadn’t had a $27 million expense related to restructuring charges, impairments and accruals related to the expected settlement of outstanding litigation.
President and CEO Frank Martell said in a prepared statement that the company made progress last year by “significantly resetting its cost structure and making critical investments in our technology platforms and business processes.”
According to Martell, the company entered 2024 with a more “durable revenue model built around a strong multi-channel origination business and a low cost, high-quality servicing platform.” The company will “continue to aggressively pursue automation and productivity programs,” he added.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, when it was the target of a cyberattack, the company reached $229 million in revenues, up 35% year over year but down 14% quarter over quarter due to seasonality.
Expenses were $303 million in the fourth quarter, a year-over-year decline of 12% and 1% less than the previous quarter. loanDepot accrued $3.7 million in legal expenses regarding the expected settlement of outstanding litigation, compared to $2 million in Q3 2023.
The company’s non-GAAP net loss was $26.6 million in Q4 2023, compared to $25.4 million in the previous quarter. The GAAP net loss was $59.7 million in the final three months of last year.
In Q4 2023, the company announced an additional $120 million of annualized productivity improvements expected for 2024.
Through Feb. 29, the lender said it had achieved nearly 86% of this goal, which comes primarily from lower third-party expenses, organizational efficiencies and lower real estate expenses, executives told analysts during a call on Tuesday.
loanDepot chief financial officcer David Hayes said in a statement that the company reduced its cost structure by $693 million in 2023, which “has allowed us to maintain a strong liquidity position and at the same time support reinvestment in critical platforms and programs.”
The company reported a cash balance of $661 million at the end of 2023.
Operations data
loanDepot’s origination volume ended 2023 at $22.6 billion, down from $53.7 billion in the previous year. But its pull-through gain-on-sale margin was 2.75% last year, better than the 1.94% registered in 2022. Executives said during the call with analysts that margins are also improving due to competitors exiting the market.
In the fourth quarter, the company produced $5.3 billion in mortgages, compared to $6 billion in the previous quarter and $6.3 billion in the same period of 2022. Margins ended Q4 at 2.96%. Purchase loans comprised 76% of the total.
Hayes told analysts that fourth-quarter margins came in “above our guidance of 245 to 285 basis points,” mainly due to “an increase in volume and profit margins of our HELOC product, and wider profit margins on our conforming and FHA production, offset somewhat of a seasonally larger proportional contribution from our joint venture channel.”
Company executives project first-quarter 2024 volume of $3.5 billion to $5.5 billion. The pull-through gain-on-sale margin is expected to be between 2.7% and 3%.
According to Martell, the recent cyberattack will have an impact on the company’s first-quarter financial results, “but is not expected to have a material impact from a full year perspective.”
“The challenges presented by the increasing sophistication of the perpetrators of cyber attacks requires unprecedented focus and close coordination between the public and private sectors to ensure the private sector’s ability to prevent these types of intrusions of the future,” Martell said, adding that loanDepot executives would not take analyst questions related to the matter due to its “sensitive nature.”
Hayes added that the guidance for volumes reflects the seasonal decrease in homebuying activity in the first quarter, as well as the impact of the January cyber event, which will also bring an additional $12 million to $17 million in expenses.
loanDepot’s unpaid principal balance in its servicing portfolio increased to $145 billion as of Dec. 31, up from $143.9 billion as of Sept. 30, 2023. Servicing fee income rose to $132.5 million in Q4 2023, compared to $120.9 million in the previous quarter.
“In 2023, we successfully brought half a million customer servicing portfolio in-house,” Martell said. “Despite all the challenges that were presented by the market in 2023, we prioritized growing our assets under management, which ended the year at $145 billion.”
Looking forward, Martell said he expects market volumes will improve from 2023 levels. “Most recently published forecasts from the Mortgage Bankers Association call for a boost in 2024 for mortgage unit volumes of approximately 17%,” Martell said.
After the earnings release, loanDepot stock was trading at $2.44, down 3.6% in the after market.
Embarking on a home renovation to transform your living space is an exciting endeavor. Home improvements are also an investment that can significantly increase the value of your property, so it’s important to track expenses to be prepared for capital gains tax when you sell your home. Tracking home improvement costs can also help homeowners stick to a budget and ensure a greater return on investment.
Let’s take a closer look at how to track home improvement costs, which upgrades qualify for tax purposes, and options for financing a home renovation.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
Why Track Home Improvement Costs?
Amid all the work and logistics that goes into renovations, tracking home improvement costs might not feel like a high priority. However, having documented home improvement costs can help reduce potential capital gains tax when it’s time to sell your home.
The IRS allows qualifying home improvement costs to be added to the original purchase price of the property, known as the cost basis, when calculating capital gains on a home sale. The basis is subtracted from the home sale price to determine if you’ve realized a gain and subsequently owe tax. But by adding home improvement expenses to your cost basis, the profit from the sale that’s subject to taxes decreases — lowering or even potentially exempting you from property gains tax.
Besides home improvements, other factors that affect property value, like location and the current housing market, could make a property sale subject to capital gains tax.
Here’s an example of how capital gains tax on a home sale works: A married couple that purchased a home for $200,000 in 2001 and sold it for $750,000 in 2024 would have a $550,000 realized gain. Assuming that the sellers made this home their main residence for two of the last five years, they’d be able to exclude $500,000 of the gain from taxes. The remaining $50,000 would be taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20% based on the sellers’ income and how long they owned the property.
However, the sellers spent $70,000 on home improvements during their 23 years of homeownership, so the capital gains calculation would be revised to: $750,000 – ($200,000 + $70,000) = $480,000. Tracking home improvement costs in this example exempted the sellers from needing to pay capital gains taxes.
Note that single filers may exclude only the first $250,000 of realized gains from the sale of their home. Eligibility for the exclusion also requires living in the home for at least two years out of the last five years leading up to the date of sale. Those who own vacation homes should note that the IRS has very specific rules about what constitutes a main residence. 💡 Quick Tip: A Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC) brokered by SoFi lets you access up to $500,000 of your home’s equity (up to 90%) to pay for, well, just about anything. It could be a smart way to consolidate debts or find the funds for a big home project.
Qualifying vs Nonqualifying Improvements
The IRS sets guidelines that determine what home improvements can be added to your cost basis for calculating capital gains tax. Thus, not every dollar spent on sprucing up your home’s curb appeal or living space needs to be tracked for tax purposes. Generally, tracking costs is a good idea for any home improvements that increase your home’s value and fall outside general repair and upkeep to maintain the property’s condition.
Qualifying Improvements
According to the IRS, improvements that add value to the home, prolong its useful life, or adapt it to new uses can qualify. This includes the following categories and home improvements:
• Home additions: Bedroom, bathroom, deck, garage, porch, or patio
• Home systems: HVAC systems, central humidifier, central vacuum, air/water filtration systems, wiring, security systems, law and sprinkler systems.
• Insulation: Attic, walls, floors, pipes, and ductwork
• Plumbing: Septic system, water heater, soft water system, filtration system
It’s also important to track any tax credits or subsidies received for energy-related home improvements, such as solar panels or a heat pump system, since these incentives must be subtracted from the cost basis.
Recommended: How to Find a Contractor for Home Renovations and Remodeling
Nonqualifying Expenses
Owning a home requires routine maintenance and occasional repairs — think fixing a leaky pipe or mowing the lawn. And the longer you own your home, the greater the chance you reapproach past home improvements with a fresh design or modern technologies. The IRS considers regular maintenance and any home improvement that’s been later replaced as nonqualifying costs.
For instance, a homeowner could have installed wall-to-wall carpet and later swapped it out for hardwood floors. In this case, the hardwood floors would qualify, but not the carpeting.
Recommended: The Costs of Owning a Home
How to Track Your Costs
Developing a system for tracking home improvement costs depends in part on where you are in the process. Here’s how to get track home improvement costs before, during, and after a renovation project.
Before You Renovate
The average cost to renovate a house can vary from $20,000 to $80,000 based on the size of the home and type of improvements. Given this range in cost expectations, it’s helpful to create an itemized budget that estimates the cost for each improvement. It’s hardly uncommon for renovations to take more time and money than expected, so consider budgeting an extra 10-20% for the unexpected.
Your itemized budget can be leveraged for tracking home improvement costs once the project starts. Simply plug in the completion date, cost, and description for each improvement, and keep receipts, to itemize the expense as it’s incurred.
Recommended: How to Make a Budget in 5 Steps
Keep Detailed Records
Tracking home improvement costs goes beyond crunching the numbers. The IRS requires documentation to adjust the cost basis on a property. As improvements are made, catalog contractor and store receipts and take pictures before and after the work is done to document the improvements for your records. Store these records digitally in a secure and accessible location; the IRS recommends keeping records for three years after the tax return for the year in which you sell your home.
Catch Up After the Fact
Tracking home improvement costs after the work has been completed is doable, but it requires more effort. If your renovations required any building permits, your municipality should have records on file.
For other projects, start by searching your email for receipts and records can help find a paper trail and track down documentation. Reach out to contractors you worked with for copies of missing receipts or invoices. If you paid with a check or credit card, you can browse through your previous statements or contact the bank for assistance.
Consult a Tax Pro
Taxes are complicated. If you have any doubts about what improvements qualify, consult a tax professional for assistance. Homeowners who used their property as a home office or rented it for any duration could especially benefit from a tax pro. Any property depreciation that was claimed in previous tax years may need to be recaptured if the home sale price exceeds the cost basis.
Home Improvement Financing Options
Renovations and upgrades to your home can be expensive. Many homeowners use a combination of savings and financing to pay for home improvements.
• HELOC: A Home Equity Line Of Credit lets homeowners tap into their existing equity to fund a variety of expenses, such as home improvements. With a HELOC, you can take out what you need as you need it, rather than the full amount you’re approved for, which is often 75%-85% of your home’s value. You only pay interest on the amount you draw.
• Cash-out refinance: Some owners take out a new home loan that allows them to pay off their old mortgage but also provides them with a lump sum of cash that they can use for home repairs (or other expenses). How much cash you might be able to take will depend on the amount of equity you have in your home.
• Personal loan: An unsecured personal loan could be a good option for quick funding that doesn’t require using your home as collateral. The interest rate and whether you qualify are largely based on your credit score.
• Credit card: Financing a home improvement with a credit card can help earn cash back or rewards on your investment. However, these perks should be weighed against the risk of higher interest rates. If using a 0% interest credit card, crunch the numbers to ensure you can pay off the balance before the introductory offer expires. 💡 Quick Tip: You can use money you get with a cash-out refi for any purpose, including home renovations, consolidating other high-interest debts, funding a child’s education, or buying another property.
The Takeaway
Tracking home improvement costs from the start can help stick to your project budget and lead to significant tax savings when it comes time to sell your property. A HELOC is one way to fund home improvements, and may be especially useful to borrowers who aren’t sure how much money they will need for home projects. If you’re unsure whether a home improvement qualifies under the IRS rules around capital gains tax on home sales, consult a tax professional.
SoFi now offers flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 95% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively low rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.
Unlock your home’s value with a home equity line of credit brokered by SoFi.
Photo credit: iStock/Cucurudza
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
²
To obtain a home equity loan, SoFi Bank (NMLS #696891) may assist you obtaining a loan from Spring EQ (NMLS #1464945).
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You may discuss with your loan officer whether a SoFi Mortgage or a home equity loan from Spring EQ is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit brokered through SoFi. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply for a SoFi Mortgage, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and loan amount. Minimum loan amount is $75,000. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria.
SoFi Mortgages originated through SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). Equal Housing Lender. SoFi Bank, N.A. is currently NOT able to accept applications for refinance loans in NY.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Millions of employees work from home at least part time. They’ve carved out dedicated office space and plopped laptops on kitchen counters and in closets. They almost never can declare the home office tax deduction.
Millions of self-employed people have also created workspaces at home. If they use that part of their home exclusively and regularly for conducting business, and the home is the principal place of business, they may be able to deduct office-related business expenses.
Why the difference? The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act nearly doubled the standard deduction and eliminated many itemized deductions, including unreimbursed employee expenses, from 2018 to 2025.
Read on to learn whether or not you may qualify for the home office tax deduction.
What Is a Home Office Tax Deduction?
The home office tax deduction is available to self-employed people — independent contractors, sole proprietors, members of a business partnership, freelancers, and gig workers who require an office — who use part of their home, owned or rented, as a place of work regularly and exclusively.
“Home” can be a house, condo, apartment, mobile home, boat, or similar property, and includes structures on the property like an unattached garage, studio, barn, or greenhouse.
Eligible taxpayers can take a simplified deduction of up to $1,500 or go the detailed route and deduct office furniture, homeowners or renters insurance, internet, utilities needed for the business, repairs, and maintenance that affect the office, home depreciation, rent, mortgage interest, and many other things from taxable income.
After all, reducing taxable income is particularly important for the highly taxed self-employed (viewed by the IRS as both employee and employer.)
An employee who also has a side gig — like driving for Uber or dog walking — can deduct certain expenses from their self-employment income if they run the business out of their home. 💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.
Am I Eligible for a Home Office Deduction?
People who receive a W-2 form from their employer almost never qualify.
In general, a self-employed person who receives one or more IRS 1099-NEC tax forms may take the home office tax deduction.
Both of these must apply:
• You use the business part of your home exclusively and regularly for business purposes.
• The business part of your home is your main place of business; the place where you deal with patients or customers in the normal course of your business; or a structure not attached to the home that you use in connection with your business.
Regular and Exclusive Use
You must use a portion of the home for business needs on a regular basis. The real trick is to meet the IRS standard for the exclusive use of a home office. An at-home worker may spend nine hours a day, five days a week in a home office, yet is not supposed to take the home office deduction if the space is shared with a spouse or doubles as a gym or a child’s homework spot.
There are two exceptions to the IRS exclusive-use rules for home businesses.
• Daycare providers. Individuals offering daycare from home likely qualify for the home office tax deduction. Part of the home is used as a daycare facility for children, people with physical or mental disabilities, or people who are 65 and older. (If you run a daycare, your business-use percentage must be reduced because the space is available for personal use part of the time.)
• Storage of business products. If a home-based businessperson uses a portion of the home to store inventory or product samples, it’s OK to use that area for personal use as well. The home must be the only fixed location of the business or trade.
Principal Place of Business
Part of your home may qualify as your principal place of business “if you use it for the administrative or management activities of your trade or business and have no other fixed location where you conduct substantial administrative or management activities for that trade or business,” the IRS says.
Can You Qualify for a Home Office Deduction as an Employee?
Employees may only take the deduction if they maintain a home office for the “convenience of their employer,” meaning the home office is a condition of employment, necessary for the employer’s business to function, or needed to allow the employee to perform their duties.
Because your home must be your principal place of business in order to take the home office deduction, most employees who work part-time at home won’t qualify.
Can I Run More Than One Business in the Same Space?
If you have more than one Schedule C business, you can claim the same home office space, but you’ll have to split the expenses between the businesses. You cannot deduct the home office expenses multiple times.
How to Calculate the Home Office Tax Deduction
The deduction is most commonly based on square footage or the percentage of a home used as the home office.
The Simplified Method
If your office is 300 square feet or under, Uncle Sam allows you to deduct $5 per square foot, up to 300 square feet, for a maximum $1,500 tax deduction.
The Real Expense Method
The regular method looks at the percentage of the home used for business purposes. If your home office is 480 square feet and the home has 2,400 square feet, the percentage used for the home office tax deduction is 20%.
You may deduct 20% of indirect business expenses like utilities, cellphone, cable, homeowners or renters insurance, property tax, HOA fees, and cleaning service.
Direct expenses for the home office, such as painting, furniture, office supplies, and repairs, are 100% deductible. 💡 Quick Tip: A major home purchase may mean a jumbo loan, but it doesn’t have to mean a jumbo down payment. Apply for a jumbo mortgage with SoFi, and you could put as little as 10% down.
Things to Look Out for Before Applying for the Home Office Tax Deduction
If you’re an employee with side gigs or just self-employed, it might be a good idea to consult a tax pro when filing.
To avoid raising red flags, you may want to make sure your business expenses are reasonable, accurate, and well-documented. The IRS uses both automated and manual methods of examining self-employed workers’ tax returns. And in 2020, the agency created a Fraud Enforcement Office, part of its Small Business/Self-Employed Division. Among the filers in its sights are self-employed people.
The IRS conducts audits by mail or in-person to review records. The interview may be at an IRS office or at the tax filer’s home.
A final note: Taking all the deductions you’re entitled to and being informed about the different types of taxes is smart.
If you’re self-employed, you generally must pay a Social Security and Medicare tax of 15.3% of net earnings. Wage-earners pay 7.65% of gross income into Social Security and Medicare via payroll-tax withholding, matched by the employer.
So self-employed people often feel the burn at tax time. It’s smart to look for deductions and write off those home business expenses if you’re able to.
To shelter income and invest for retirement, you might want to set up a SEP IRA if you’re a self-employed professional with no employees.
Recommended: First-Time Homebuyers Guide
The Takeaway
If you’re an employee working remotely, the home office tax deduction is not for you, right now, anyway.
If you’re self-employed, the home office deduction could be helpful at tax time. To qualify for the home office deduction, you must use a portion of your house, apartment, or condominium (or any other type of home) for your business on a regular basis, and it generally must be the principal location of your business. This is something to keep in mind if you’re in the market for a new home, since writing off a portion of your home expenses could help offset some of the costs of homeownership.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
How much can I get written off for my home office?
Using the simplified method of calculating the home office deduction, you can write off up to $1,500. Using the regular method, you’ll need to determine the percentage of your home being used for business purposes. You may then be able to deduct that percentage of certain indirect expenses (like utilities, cellphone, cable, homeowners or renters insurance, property tax, HOA fees, and cleaning services). Direct expenses for the home office, such as painting, furniture, office supplies, and repairs, are generally 100% deductible.
Can I make a claim for a home office tax deduction without receipts?
The simplified method does not require detailed records of expenses. If using the regular method, you should be prepared to defend your deduction in the event of an IRS audit.
The IRS says the law requires you to keep all records you used to prepare your tax return for at least three years from the date the return was filed.
What qualifies as a home office deduction?
Things like insurance, utilities, repairs, maintenance, equipment, and rent may qualify as tax deductions.
Photo credit: iStock/Marija Zlatkovic
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
[cd_ tax] Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
USDA mortgages are aimed at borrowers buying in eligible rural areas.
These loans come with lenient rules around credit scores and down payment requirements.
USDA loans come with income limits that vary by location.
USDA loans are one of many options available to finance a home purchase. However, their attributes and eligibility requirements make them unique from other types of home loans. Still, if a USDA home loan is an option for you, there are some big perks you might want to take advantage of.
What is a USDA loan?
A USDA home loan is a no-down payment mortgage for low- and moderate-income homebuyers in largely rural areas. USDA loans are part of a national program created by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to help create loans for first-time homebuyers or people who don’t meet conventional mortgage requirements. They are sometimes referred to as rural development or RD loans.
Along with no need for a down payment, USDA loans have another advantage: You could qualify for a low, fixed interest rate if you have low income.
Some drawbacks, though, are that the property must be located in a USDA-approved area, and borrowers cannot exceed income limits.
Who is eligible for a USDA loan?
USDA eligibility requirements include:
The borrower must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident with a track record of stable income.
The home must be in a rural area designated by the USDA.
The borrower’s household income must be limited to 115 percent of the median income in the county where the property is located.
While USDA loans have no formal minimum credit score, a borrower must have a credit history that demonstrates they can pay back debt. To qualify for streamlined processing, the minimum score is 640. The USDA uses alternative methods to evaluate borrowers without credit scores.
Eligible properties
The easiest way to find out if a home is in a USDA-eligible area is to check the USDA website. Homes purchased with USDA loans must be located in eligible rural areas. The USDA defines these areas as “open country or any town, village, city, or place, including the immediately adjacent densely settled area, which is not part of or associated with an urban area.”
USDA mortgages are only available in these rural areas as part of a government initiative to promote homeownership and economic growth. These loans can help attract and retain people in these locations.
Income limits
The USDA guaranteed loan program is geared toward low- and moderate-income homebuyers. For this reason, applicants can’t earn more than certain income limits, which vary by metro area and family size. In more expensive areas, the income ceiling is higher. You can check income limits for your county and household size using the same property eligibility tool on the USDA website.
To prove income, you’ll need to provide the lender with documentation such as:
Paystubs
Tax statements (W-2s, 1040s and 1099s)
Alimony and child support payments
Social Security payments
Statements for bank and investment accounts
Credit score
The USDA doesn’t impose a blanket credit score requirement for all borrowers, but typically, USDA-approved lenders look for a score of at least 640.
Types of USDA loans
Different types of USDA loans cater to different buyers, each coming with its own requirements and reasons for use. Let’s break them down.
USDA guaranteed loans
The USDA guaranteed home loan program (officially known as Section 502 Guaranteed) allows approved mortgage lenders to provide 30-year fixed-rate loans to borrowers in USDA-eligible locations. It’s called a “guaranteed loan” because the USDA guarantees 90 percent of the loan to lenders in the event you were to default on the mortgage.
Along with buying a home in a USDA-approved area, you’ll also need to meet an income requirement: no more than 115 percent of your area’s median household income (AMI). You can find income limits for your market using this tool.
USDA direct loans
Also known as Section 502 Direct, USDA direct loans offer low-rate home loans to individuals in rural areas in need of adequate housing. Unlike USDA guaranteed loans, you’ll apply for a direct loan through the USDA’s Rural Development Service Centers.
Direct loans are only available to households with low and very low income. (You can view income limits here). There’s also a limit on how much you can borrow, depending on the county where the home is located. (You can view area loan limits here.)
Direct loans have a fixed interest rate, which can be reduced to 1 percent if you qualify for payment assistance. The loan terms range up to 33 years, or 38 years for very low income borrowers.
USDA repair loans and grants
The USDA repair loan program (Section 504 Home Repair) is similar to the direct program in that it caters to low-income individuals. But it’s different in that it provides loans only up to $40,000 and only to help improve or repair a home. It also offers grants to very low-income homeowners aged 62 or older to help remove hazards at home. These are capped at $10,000.
Pros and cons of USDA loans
The major benefit of a USDA home loan is that there’s no down payment requirement. This can be a great program for homebuyers on a budget who are flexible about where they live. The cons mostly have to do with the restrictions on where you can buy or how much income your family can make.
Pros
No down payment required
No formal loan limit for guaranteed loans
Seller can pay the closing costs
Available for both purchasing property and refinancing
Low, fixed interest rates for direct loans
Cons
Strict guidelines around where the property is located
Must use the home for a primary residence
Limited income requirements
Upfront and annual fees
How to apply for a USDA loan
To apply for a USDA loan, you’ll first need to determine if you qualify. Consult the USDA property and income eligibility maps. If you meet those parameters, next consider whether you’ll want or need a guaranteed or direct loan. Remember: Guaranteed loans have higher income limits, and you’ll apply for one through a USDA-approved lender. Direct loans, on the other hand, are reserved for lower-income borrowers who lack access to safe housing.
When you’re ready to apply, you’ll submit paperwork about your finances, including income, assets and debt, and undergo a credit check. If preapproved, you can begin searching for a home in an appropriate area based on USDA eligibility.
USDA loan fees
USDA mortgages come with two fees:
Upfront guarantee fee: The upfront guarantee fee this fiscal year is 1 percent of the loan amount. For example, for a $100,000 loan, this fee would be $1,000. This fee can often be rolled into the mortgage instead of paying it out of pocket.
Annual fee: The annual fee is 0.35 percent of the loan amount. A $100,000 mortgage, for example, would have a $1,000 one-time payment (the upfront guarantee fee) and a $350 per year ongoing payment for the life of the loan.
Both of these fees are charged to the lender, who then usually passes the cost on to the borrower. These fees keep USDA loans subsidy-neutral, which means that any losses incurred by the program are paid for by these fees instead of taxpayer dollars. Depending on the needs of the program, the fees can change annually.
How much does it cost to get a USDA loan?
Along with the two USDA fees listed above, you’ll need to cover regular mortgage costs. These may include:
Origination fee: Many lenders charge an origination fee on mortgages, regardless of loan type. The fee usually costs around 1 percent of the amount you’re borrowing.
Loan application fee: Similar to applying for college, some lenders charge a nominal fee to complete the mortgage application.
Title insurance and services: When you buy a home with a mortgage, you’ll need to pay for a title search and lender’s title insurance policy. The cost varies depending on the closing attorney or settlement or title company you work with.
Processing or underwriting fees: In addition to (or sometimes in lieu of) an origination fee, some lenders charge a “processing” or “underwriting” fee. This cost covers the expense of underwriting your loan application.
Credit report fee: Many lenders charge a small fee to run a credit check.
Appraisal: As the homebuyer, you’ll be responsible for paying for the home appraisal before the lender can approve your loan. A home appraisal cost a median of $500 in 2022, according to the National Association of Realtors.
Discount points: Many lenders offer the option to purchase mortgage points to buy down your loan’s interest rate. One point costs 1 percent of the amount you’re borrowing.
How do USDA loans compare to other types of loans?
USDA loans aren’t the only type of mortgage out there. If you’re not eligible for a USDA loan, you might be for an FHA or VA loan, or even a conventional loan. Here’s an overview of some key differences between these types of loans:
USDA loan
Conventional loan
FHA loan
VA loan
Credit requirements
None, but 640 is standard
620
580
None unless lender requires
Debt-to-income (DTI) ratio requirements
Up to 41%
Up to 43%
Up to 50%
Up to 41%
Down payment requirements
None
3% or 5%
3.5%
None
USDA loan FAQ
USDA loans do not require PMI, as PMI is only for borrowers of conventional loans who put down less than 20 percent. Instead of charging mortgage insurance, USDA loans charge two fees: the upfront guarantee fee (which equals 1 percent of the loan amount) and an annual fee (which equals 0.35 percent of the loan amount, charged yearly).
You can refinance an existing USDA mortgage into another USDA mortgage or refinance an existing USDA mortgage into a conventional mortgage. However, you cannot refinance a non-USDA mortgage into a USDA mortgage. If you have a USDA loan, you have three options for refinance: a USDA streamline, USDA non-streamline or conventional loan refinance
Inside: Discover the secrets to earning $200k a year. Learn to choose industries, negotiate salaries, and balance life with high-income careers.
Achieving a $200,000 annual income is a financial milestone that many aspire to reach, but not everyone knows how to realistically attain.
Whether you’re starting from scratch or looking to elevate your current earnings, the blueprint to a $200K income is within your grasp. It all begins with a strategic approach that leverages both a steady job and an entrepreneurial spirit.
Achieving a $200k salary is not just about luxury—it’s about stability and security. With rising living costs, including student loans, mortgages, and everyday expenses, earning a high income is increasingly vital to maintaining a comfortable lifestyle.
By combining the stability of a well-paying career with the dynamism of a side hustle, you can fast-track your way to this lofty goal.
In this comprehensive guide, we dive deep into a method that suits everyone to make $200000 this year.
You’ll learn how to harness your passions, manage your time and expenses, and create a foolproof plan that caters to your strengths and circumstances.
How to Make 200k a Year
Achieving this level of annual income is a significant financial goal that necessitates a well-devised strategy combining steady employment with entrepreneurial endeavors.
This is possible for anyone to do. You have been making 10k a month for a while now and want to make the leap.
You just must be steadfast in pursuing your goals.
#1 – Identify high-income skills and industries
The first step toward making $200k a year is to recognize the skills and industries that command such salaries. Technology and finance are prime examples where hard work and expertise can lead to impressive earnings right out of college.
Specialized skills in software development, cybersecurity, data analysis, and AI are highly sought after. Additionally, roles in investment banking, private equity, and hedge funds are lucrative but come with intense competition and long hours.
Identifying these prospects involves understanding market needs, so be prepared to continually adapt to the latest industry trends. I cannot stress how important these high income skills are for your income.
Top Skills: Software Development, Cybersecurity, Data Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Financial Analysis
Top Industries: Tech, Finance, Consulting, Healthcare, Legal
#2 – Degrees and Courses That Could Lead to 200K Jobs
If you’re seeking a high-paying career, focusing your education in specific areas is crucial. Advanced degrees, such as a doctoral degree in medicine, law, business administration (MBA), or specialized engineering can pave the way to high-paying roles.
For those with a penchant for academia, pursuing specialized courses that lead to becoming a medical lawyer, dentist, neurologist, psychiatrist, or gynecologist can be extremely rewarding. However, keep in mind that these paths generally require significant time and financial investment in education before reaping the financial rewards.
However, there are plenty of low-stress jobs that pay well without a degree.
Recommended Degrees: Medicine, Law, Engineering, Business Administration (MBA)
Embarking on entrepreneurship is a thrilling yet challenging path to reach unlimited annual income.
To start a business that prospers, it’s essential to identify a market need and create a clear business plan. Whether you’re selling a physical product, offering a service, or thriving in the digital market through online marketing, e-commerce, or app development, dedication, and strategic growth are paramount.
Investing both time and capital wisely, and adapting to market feedback can help you scale your business to meet and exceed your financial goals.
Investment Tip: Consider start-up costs carefully, and plan for lean operation.
Growth Strategy: Focus on customer satisfaction, scaling smartly, and marketing effectively.
#4 – Advance in your current career
Climbing the corporate ladder within your existing professional environment is a viable route to a higher salary.
To do this, focus on excelling in your current role, continuously improve your skills, and demonstrate the value you add to the company. Seek out leadership roles, ask for challenging projects, and take on responsibilities that align with the company’s revenue-generating activities.
Remember, promotions often come with significant pay raises, and it’s essential to communicate your career goals with your employer to align your trajectory with the available opportunities. Just watch the number of working hours you put in.
Key Strategies: Exceed performance expectations, take initiative, and pursue leadership roles.
Professional Development: Continued education, certifications, and networking are critical for advancement.
#5 – Invest in real estate for passive income
Real estate investment remains a cornerstone strategy for building wealth.
Focusing on location is key; properties in high-demand markets can yield substantial returns through rental income and appreciation. Paying with cash rather than financing can lead to better deals and avoid interest payments, as debt can eat into profits.
Moreover, platforms like Fundrise allow investors to start with as little as $10, which could be a smart move if you’re seeking a hands-off investment with a diverse real estate portfolio.
Investment Insight: Cash purchases may provide better deals, reducing financial risk.
Real Estate Tip: Choose high-demand locations for better rental income and property appreciation.
#6 – Maximize income through stocks or other investments
Investing in the stock market through individual stocks, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) is another way to potentially earn $200k a year. Dividends from some of these investments can also serve as a consistent income stream.
Consider focusing on industries poised for growth or stable dividend-paying stocks, as these can offer a balance between growth potential and income reliability.
Additionally, alternative investments such as cryptocurrencies or option contracts can offer high returns, but come with high volatility. Always conduct thorough research or consult with a financial advisor before making significant investment decisions.
Learn how to invest in stocks for beginners.
Investment Strategy: Diversify your portfolio, focus on growth sectors, and consider enhancing your investment knowledge.
Cautionary Note: Be aware of market risks and do not invest more than you can afford to lose.
#7 – Gain Relevant Experience in High-Demand Fields
To command a $200k paycheck, it’s essential to gain experience in fields where the demand for your skills exceeds the supply.
Industries such as technology, healthcare, and specialized consulting are in constant need of experienced professionals. Work on projects that showcase your expertise and build a robust professional portfolio.
You can also consider a side hustle like freelancing or consulting to gain a broad range of experiences that can make you an attractive candidate for high-level positions.
Experience Building: Take on varied projects, freelance, or consult in your niche.
Portfolio Enhancement: Document your successes and gather testimonials or recommendations.
#8 – Continuous Learning and Adaptability to Stay Ahead
In the dynamic job market, staying complacent can mean getting left behind. Cultivating a habit of lifelong learning and adaptability is crucial. Did you know you are an appreciating asset?
This may involve updating your skill set to keep pace with technological advancements, attaining new certifications, or attending industry conferences and workshops. Remember that cross-skills, like project management or business analytics, are also valuable and can complement your primary expertise.
Embrace change and be willing to pivot when necessary to maintain your competitive edge and earning potential.
Professional Development: Seek out further education and certifications.
Adaptability: Stay open to industry shifts and be ready to pivot your skills accordingly.
Careers That Make 200K a Year is Common
In certain careers, a $200K annual salary is not an exception but rather a common expectation.
Positions in healthcare such as surgeons, specialists, and anesthesiologists often offer salaries exceeding this amount. Moreover, top-level executives, experienced lawyers, and investment bankers are typically in the higher income bracket due to the high stakes and demands of their industry. In tech, senior software engineers and IT executives with strong track records in hot markets like Silicon Valley can command these salaries, too.
Success in these careers requires a combination of advanced education, considerable experience, and sometimes, the right location.
Within these industries, focus on roles that are crucial to core operations, innovation, or revenue generation.
For tech, this might involve AI, machine learning, and cybersecurity. In finance, investment strategists and financial advisors are in demand. In healthcare, specialized practitioners command higher salaries whereas, in the legal field, corporate lawyers and litigators typically earn more.
Just to note… taxes will take a substantial amount out of your paycheck. So, you want to aim for $200k as net income.
Factor #2 – Climbing the Ladder: From Mid-Level to Top-Tier Positions
Transitioning from a mid-level position to top-tier status demands a proactive career strategy. Aim for roles that impact the company’s bottom line, such as project management or strategic planning, which often lead to executive positions.
Make sure to seek mentors who can offer guidance, and build a reputation for reliability and innovation. Networking within your industry can uncover hidden opportunities and give you a competitive edge.
Strategic Positioning: Focus on profit-impacting roles and responsibilities.
Career Growth: Network, seek mentorship, and demonstrate leadership capabilities.
Always aim to bring value to your organization, as this will be your leverage when seeking promotions and negotiating salary increments.
Factor #3 – Negotiation Tactics for a High Paying Salary
Securing a salary of $200k often hinges on your ability to negotiate effectively.
Begin the negotiation process by researching the standard salary for your position in your industry and region. Articulate your value by enumerating your accomplishments, experiences, and the results you can deliver.
Prioritize non-salary benefits that may be equivalent to a higher income, such as bonuses, commission, stock options, or flexible work arrangements. When discussing figures, aim higher to give room for negotiation.
Research: Know industry salary benchmarks.
Value Proposition: Clearly communicate your potential contribution.
Remember, negotiation is a dialogue, so listen carefully, be respectful, and maintain a professional demeanor throughout the process.
Factor #4 – Building Professional Relationships That Open Opportunities
Fostering robust professional relationships is key to unlocking high-paying roles, as connections can lead to opportunities that aren’t publicly advertised.
Networking is an art. It goes beyond just asking the question, “What do you do for a living?“
Actively engage with peers at industry events, be genuinely interested in others, and offer help before you ask for it. Maintain a positive online presence on platforms like LinkedIn, where you can connect with like-minded professionals and hiring managers.
Networking: Engage in industry events and platforms like LinkedIn.
Relationship Management: Nurture connections and seek meaningful interactions.
Don’t forget to nurture existing relationships – a recommendation from a trusted colleague can provide a significant edge in landing a coveted position.
Factor #5 – Cities and Regions with the Best High-Paying Job Markets
If you’re eyeing a lucrative salary, it’s strategic to consider the geographic landscape of high-paying jobs.
Major economic hubs like New York City, San Francisco, and Boston have dense concentrations of Fortune 500 companies and start-ups that offer competitive salaries, especially in finance and tech. However, these cities come with higher costs of living.
Comparatively, cities like Austin, Seattle, and Denver have burgeoning tech and business sectors with a more balanced cost of living.
Economic Hubs: New York City, San Francisco, Boston.
Balance Seekers: Austin, Seattle, Denver.
Consider looking for cities that have a vibrant job market in your industry, but a reasonable cost of living to maximize your income-to-expense ratio.
Factor #6 – Remote Work: A Gateway Being Global
The rise of remote work has opened a world of possibilities for professionals seeking higher salaries. You can work in a low cost of living country and still get a good income and save the rest.
With remote positions, you’re not limited by location and can work for companies with higher pay scales in stronger economies, practicing geographic arbitrage to your advantage. Sectors like tech, marketing, and design are ripe with remote opportunities that pay well.
Geographic Arbitrage: Tap into stronger economies and work remotely.
Global Accessibility: Utilize online platforms to access high-income roles worldwide.
To capitalize on this, enhance your digital presence, showcase your skills online, and engage with global job platforms. Also, consider the time zones and cultural work patterns of employers to ensure a smooth collaboration.
FAQs About Securing a 200K Job
A salary of $200k is relatively rare, with only a small percentage of U.S. households earning at this level.
According to recent statistics, 11.9% of U.S. households had an annual income over $200,000.1
However, this figure can vary significantly by industry, location, and level of experience.
This is 100% possible with the rise of technology and the internet.
To do this, you must focus on industries that value skills and experience over formal education.
Professions like real estate brokering, high-level sales, business entrepreneurship, or becoming a skilled tradesperson. You just need strong persistence.
The likely answer is typically one needs a grad degree or extensive experience in high-paying fields like medicine, law, engineering, or business.
However, specialized certifications, proven expertise, exceptional skills, or entrepreneurship can also be your ticket to this income level without traditional qualifications.
What Jobs Pay 200k a Year Interest You?
Now that you’re equipped with knowledge about reaching a $200k salary, consider which roles resonate with your skills and passions.
Maybe you’re intrigued by the challenge of a tech startup, or the idea of saving lives as a healthcare specialist is what drives you. Perhaps the strategic element of financial planning appeals to your analytical side, or the autonomy of forging your path as an entrepreneur is a calling.
Remember, selecting a profession that not only offers financial rewards but also aligns with your interests and values is crucial for long-term satisfaction and success. High tech degrees are highly sought after right now.
The great part about making this amount of money is you can increase your savings rate, but that doesn’t mean you should leave beyond your means.
There are plenty of avenues that will have you making over six figures quickly.
Source
Statistic. “Percentage distribution of household income in the United States in 2022.” https://www.statista.com/statistics/203183/percentage-distribution-of-household-income-in-the-us/. Accessed February 28, 2024.
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Refinance rates are currently between 6.5% and 7.5%, but your personal interest rate will depend on your credit history, financial profile and application.
Average refinance rates reported by lenders across the US as of March 1, 2024. We track refinance rate trends using information from Bankrate.
Mortgage refinance rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
How to select the right refinance type and term
The rates advertised online often require specific conditions for eligibility. Your personal interest rate will be influenced by market conditions as well as your specific credit history, financial profile and application. Having a high credit score, a low credit utilization ratio and a history of consistent and on-time payments will generally help you get the best interest rates.
30-year fixed-rate refinance
The average rate for a 30-year fixed refinance loan is currently 7.10%, an increase of 1 basis point over this time last week. (A basis point is equivalent to 0.01%.) A 30-year fixed refinance will typically have lower monthly payments than a 15-year or 10-year refinance, but it will take you longer to pay off and typically cost you more in interest over the long term.
15-year fixed-rate refinance
For 15-year fixed refinances, the average rate is currently at 6.60%, a decrease of 2 basis points compared to one week ago. Though a 15-year fixed refinance will most likely raise your monthly payment compared to a 30-year loan, you’ll save more money over time because you’re paying off your loan quicker. Also, 15-year refinance rates are typically lower than 30-year refinance rates, which will help you save more in the long run.
10-year fixed-rate refinance
For 10-year fixed refinances, the average rate is currently at 6.45%, a decrease of 4 basis points compared to one week ago. A 10-year refinance typically has the lowest interest rate but the highest monthly payment of all refinance terms. A 10-year refinance can help you pay off your house much quicker and save on interest, but make sure you can afford the steeper monthly payment.
To get the best refinance rates, make your application as strong as possible by getting your finances in order, using credit responsibly and monitoring your credit regularly. And don’t forget to speak with multiple lenders and shop around.
What to know about today’s refinance rates
Refinance rates dropped significantly toward the end of 2023, bringing much-needed activity to the housing market. Since early February, however, rates have climbed back into the 7% range. The increase came after recent inflation and labor data made it clear to investors that the Federal Reserve won’t start cutting interest rates until early this summer. Higher mortgage rates make refinancing less attractive to homeowners, making them more likely to hold on to their existing mortgages.
30-year fixed refinance: 7.10%
15-year fixed refinance: 6.60%
10-year fixed refinance: 6.45%
What to know about 2024 refinance rate trends
Experts say slowing inflation and the Fed’s projected interest rate cuts should help push mortgage interest rates down to around 6% by the end of 2024, but that will depend on incoming economic data.
Over 82% of homeowners currently have interest rates below 5% on their property. If home loan rates stabilize over the next several months, more homeowners should be able to save money through refinancing. Yet in order for refinance applications to pick up in a meaningful way, rates would need to fall substantially, according to Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics.
For homeowners looking to refinance, remember that you can’t time the market: Interest rates fluctuate on an hourly, daily and weekly basis, and are influenced by an array of macroeconomic factors. Your best move is to keep an eye on day-to-day rate changes and have a game plan on how to capitalize on a big enough percentage drop, said Matt Graham of Mortgage News Daily.
Refinancing 101
When you refinance your mortgage, you take out another home loan that pays off your initial mortgage. With a traditional refinance, your new home loan will have a different term and/or interest rate. With a cash-out refinance, you’ll tap into your equity with a new loan that’s bigger than your existing mortgage balance, allowing you to pocket the difference in cash.
Refinancing can be a great financial move if you score a low rate or can pay off your home loan in less time, but consider whether it’s the right choice for you. Reducing your interest rate by 1% or more is an incentive to refinance, allowing you to cut your monthly payment significantly.
Refinancing in today’s market could make sense if you have a rate above 8%, said Logan Mohtashami, lead analyst at HousingWire. “However, with all refinancing options, it’s a personal financial choice because of the cost that goes with the loan process,” Mohtashami said.
Reasons to refinance
Homeowners usually refinance to save money, but there are other reasons to do so. Here are the most common reasons homeowners refinance:
To get a lower interest rate: If you can secure a rate that’s at least 1% lower than the one on your current mortgage, it could make sense to refinance.
To switch the type of mortgage: If you have an adjustable-rate mortgage and want greater security, you could refinance to a fixed-rate mortgage.
To eliminate mortgage insurance: If you have an FHA loan that requires mortgage insurance, you can refinance to a conventional loan once you have 20% equity.
To change the length of a loan term: Refinancing to a longer loan term could lower your monthly payment. Refinancing to a shorter term will save you interest in the long run.
To tap into your equity through a cash-out refinance: If you replace your mortgage with a larger loan, you can receive the difference in cash to cover a large expense.
To take someone off the mortgage: In case of divorce, you can apply for a new home loan in just your name and use the funds to pay off your existing mortgage.