loanDepot greatly reduced its costs in 2023 while revenues were in free fall amid a contracting market. It wasn’t enough to bring the California-based lender company profitability, but it narrowed its losses.
Operationally, loanDepot entered 2024 by dealing with a cyberattack that brought its systems down and a forecast for market conditions to improve.
loanDepot recorded a non-GAAP adjusted net loss of $142.4 million in 2023, compared to a $457.6 million loss in 2022. By GAAP accounting standards, the net loss last year was $235.5 million, per filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Tuesday.
In 2023, a year marked by lower volume throughout the market, loanDepot’s revenues decreased 22% to $974 million. The reduction was impacted by its exit of the wholesale channel in 2022, and it was partially offset by growth in servicing income and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), as well as higher margins.
Expenses, meanwhile, decreased by 36% to $1.25 billion in 2023. But this cutback could have been even larger if loanDepot hadn’t had a $27 million expense related to restructuring charges, impairments and accruals related to the expected settlement of outstanding litigation.
President and CEO Frank Martell said in a prepared statement that the company made progress last year by “significantly resetting its cost structure and making critical investments in our technology platforms and business processes.”
According to Martell, the company entered 2024 with a more “durable revenue model built around a strong multi-channel origination business and a low cost, high-quality servicing platform.” The company will “continue to aggressively pursue automation and productivity programs,” he added.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, when it was the target of a cyberattack, the company reached $229 million in revenues, up 35% year over year but down 14% quarter over quarter due to seasonality.
Expenses were $303 million in the fourth quarter, a year-over-year decline of 12% and 1% less than the previous quarter. loanDepot accrued $3.7 million in legal expenses regarding the expected settlement of outstanding litigation, compared to $2 million in Q3 2023.
The company’s non-GAAP net loss was $26.6 million in Q4 2023, compared to $25.4 million in the previous quarter. The GAAP net loss was $59.7 million in the final three months of last year.
In Q4 2023, the company announced an additional $120 million of annualized productivity improvements expected for 2024.
Through Feb. 29, the lender said it had achieved nearly 86% of this goal, which comes primarily from lower third-party expenses, organizational efficiencies and lower real estate expenses, executives told analysts during a call on Tuesday.
loanDepot chief financial officcer David Hayes said in a statement that the company reduced its cost structure by $693 million in 2023, which “has allowed us to maintain a strong liquidity position and at the same time support reinvestment in critical platforms and programs.”
The company reported a cash balance of $661 million at the end of 2023.
Operations data
loanDepot’s origination volume ended 2023 at $22.6 billion, down from $53.7 billion in the previous year. But its pull-through gain-on-sale margin was 2.75% last year, better than the 1.94% registered in 2022. Executives said during the call with analysts that margins are also improving due to competitors exiting the market.
In the fourth quarter, the company produced $5.3 billion in mortgages, compared to $6 billion in the previous quarter and $6.3 billion in the same period of 2022. Margins ended Q4 at 2.96%. Purchase loans comprised 76% of the total.
Hayes told analysts that fourth-quarter margins came in “above our guidance of 245 to 285 basis points,” mainly due to “an increase in volume and profit margins of our HELOC product, and wider profit margins on our conforming and FHA production, offset somewhat of a seasonally larger proportional contribution from our joint venture channel.”
Company executives project first-quarter 2024 volume of $3.5 billion to $5.5 billion. The pull-through gain-on-sale margin is expected to be between 2.7% and 3%.
According to Martell, the recent cyberattack will have an impact on the company’s first-quarter financial results, “but is not expected to have a material impact from a full year perspective.”
“The challenges presented by the increasing sophistication of the perpetrators of cyber attacks requires unprecedented focus and close coordination between the public and private sectors to ensure the private sector’s ability to prevent these types of intrusions of the future,” Martell said, adding that loanDepot executives would not take analyst questions related to the matter due to its “sensitive nature.”
Hayes added that the guidance for volumes reflects the seasonal decrease in homebuying activity in the first quarter, as well as the impact of the January cyber event, which will also bring an additional $12 million to $17 million in expenses.
loanDepot’s unpaid principal balance in its servicing portfolio increased to $145 billion as of Dec. 31, up from $143.9 billion as of Sept. 30, 2023. Servicing fee income rose to $132.5 million in Q4 2023, compared to $120.9 million in the previous quarter.
“In 2023, we successfully brought half a million customer servicing portfolio in-house,” Martell said. “Despite all the challenges that were presented by the market in 2023, we prioritized growing our assets under management, which ended the year at $145 billion.”
Looking forward, Martell said he expects market volumes will improve from 2023 levels. “Most recently published forecasts from the Mortgage Bankers Association call for a boost in 2024 for mortgage unit volumes of approximately 17%,” Martell said.
After the earnings release, loanDepot stock was trading at $2.44, down 3.6% in the after market.
USDA mortgages are aimed at borrowers buying in eligible rural areas.
These loans come with lenient rules around credit scores and down payment requirements.
USDA loans come with income limits that vary by location.
USDA loans are one of many options available to finance a home purchase. However, their attributes and eligibility requirements make them unique from other types of home loans. Still, if a USDA home loan is an option for you, there are some big perks you might want to take advantage of.
What is a USDA loan?
A USDA home loan is a no-down payment mortgage for low- and moderate-income homebuyers in largely rural areas. USDA loans are part of a national program created by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to help create loans for first-time homebuyers or people who don’t meet conventional mortgage requirements. They are sometimes referred to as rural development or RD loans.
Along with no need for a down payment, USDA loans have another advantage: You could qualify for a low, fixed interest rate if you have low income.
Some drawbacks, though, are that the property must be located in a USDA-approved area, and borrowers cannot exceed income limits.
Who is eligible for a USDA loan?
USDA eligibility requirements include:
The borrower must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident with a track record of stable income.
The home must be in a rural area designated by the USDA.
The borrower’s household income must be limited to 115 percent of the median income in the county where the property is located.
While USDA loans have no formal minimum credit score, a borrower must have a credit history that demonstrates they can pay back debt. To qualify for streamlined processing, the minimum score is 640. The USDA uses alternative methods to evaluate borrowers without credit scores.
Eligible properties
The easiest way to find out if a home is in a USDA-eligible area is to check the USDA website. Homes purchased with USDA loans must be located in eligible rural areas. The USDA defines these areas as “open country or any town, village, city, or place, including the immediately adjacent densely settled area, which is not part of or associated with an urban area.”
USDA mortgages are only available in these rural areas as part of a government initiative to promote homeownership and economic growth. These loans can help attract and retain people in these locations.
Income limits
The USDA guaranteed loan program is geared toward low- and moderate-income homebuyers. For this reason, applicants can’t earn more than certain income limits, which vary by metro area and family size. In more expensive areas, the income ceiling is higher. You can check income limits for your county and household size using the same property eligibility tool on the USDA website.
To prove income, you’ll need to provide the lender with documentation such as:
Paystubs
Tax statements (W-2s, 1040s and 1099s)
Alimony and child support payments
Social Security payments
Statements for bank and investment accounts
Credit score
The USDA doesn’t impose a blanket credit score requirement for all borrowers, but typically, USDA-approved lenders look for a score of at least 640.
Types of USDA loans
Different types of USDA loans cater to different buyers, each coming with its own requirements and reasons for use. Let’s break them down.
USDA guaranteed loans
The USDA guaranteed home loan program (officially known as Section 502 Guaranteed) allows approved mortgage lenders to provide 30-year fixed-rate loans to borrowers in USDA-eligible locations. It’s called a “guaranteed loan” because the USDA guarantees 90 percent of the loan to lenders in the event you were to default on the mortgage.
Along with buying a home in a USDA-approved area, you’ll also need to meet an income requirement: no more than 115 percent of your area’s median household income (AMI). You can find income limits for your market using this tool.
USDA direct loans
Also known as Section 502 Direct, USDA direct loans offer low-rate home loans to individuals in rural areas in need of adequate housing. Unlike USDA guaranteed loans, you’ll apply for a direct loan through the USDA’s Rural Development Service Centers.
Direct loans are only available to households with low and very low income. (You can view income limits here). There’s also a limit on how much you can borrow, depending on the county where the home is located. (You can view area loan limits here.)
Direct loans have a fixed interest rate, which can be reduced to 1 percent if you qualify for payment assistance. The loan terms range up to 33 years, or 38 years for very low income borrowers.
USDA repair loans and grants
The USDA repair loan program (Section 504 Home Repair) is similar to the direct program in that it caters to low-income individuals. But it’s different in that it provides loans only up to $40,000 and only to help improve or repair a home. It also offers grants to very low-income homeowners aged 62 or older to help remove hazards at home. These are capped at $10,000.
Pros and cons of USDA loans
The major benefit of a USDA home loan is that there’s no down payment requirement. This can be a great program for homebuyers on a budget who are flexible about where they live. The cons mostly have to do with the restrictions on where you can buy or how much income your family can make.
Pros
No down payment required
No formal loan limit for guaranteed loans
Seller can pay the closing costs
Available for both purchasing property and refinancing
Low, fixed interest rates for direct loans
Cons
Strict guidelines around where the property is located
Must use the home for a primary residence
Limited income requirements
Upfront and annual fees
How to apply for a USDA loan
To apply for a USDA loan, you’ll first need to determine if you qualify. Consult the USDA property and income eligibility maps. If you meet those parameters, next consider whether you’ll want or need a guaranteed or direct loan. Remember: Guaranteed loans have higher income limits, and you’ll apply for one through a USDA-approved lender. Direct loans, on the other hand, are reserved for lower-income borrowers who lack access to safe housing.
When you’re ready to apply, you’ll submit paperwork about your finances, including income, assets and debt, and undergo a credit check. If preapproved, you can begin searching for a home in an appropriate area based on USDA eligibility.
USDA loan fees
USDA mortgages come with two fees:
Upfront guarantee fee: The upfront guarantee fee this fiscal year is 1 percent of the loan amount. For example, for a $100,000 loan, this fee would be $1,000. This fee can often be rolled into the mortgage instead of paying it out of pocket.
Annual fee: The annual fee is 0.35 percent of the loan amount. A $100,000 mortgage, for example, would have a $1,000 one-time payment (the upfront guarantee fee) and a $350 per year ongoing payment for the life of the loan.
Both of these fees are charged to the lender, who then usually passes the cost on to the borrower. These fees keep USDA loans subsidy-neutral, which means that any losses incurred by the program are paid for by these fees instead of taxpayer dollars. Depending on the needs of the program, the fees can change annually.
How much does it cost to get a USDA loan?
Along with the two USDA fees listed above, you’ll need to cover regular mortgage costs. These may include:
Origination fee: Many lenders charge an origination fee on mortgages, regardless of loan type. The fee usually costs around 1 percent of the amount you’re borrowing.
Loan application fee: Similar to applying for college, some lenders charge a nominal fee to complete the mortgage application.
Title insurance and services: When you buy a home with a mortgage, you’ll need to pay for a title search and lender’s title insurance policy. The cost varies depending on the closing attorney or settlement or title company you work with.
Processing or underwriting fees: In addition to (or sometimes in lieu of) an origination fee, some lenders charge a “processing” or “underwriting” fee. This cost covers the expense of underwriting your loan application.
Credit report fee: Many lenders charge a small fee to run a credit check.
Appraisal: As the homebuyer, you’ll be responsible for paying for the home appraisal before the lender can approve your loan. A home appraisal cost a median of $500 in 2022, according to the National Association of Realtors.
Discount points: Many lenders offer the option to purchase mortgage points to buy down your loan’s interest rate. One point costs 1 percent of the amount you’re borrowing.
How do USDA loans compare to other types of loans?
USDA loans aren’t the only type of mortgage out there. If you’re not eligible for a USDA loan, you might be for an FHA or VA loan, or even a conventional loan. Here’s an overview of some key differences between these types of loans:
USDA loan
Conventional loan
FHA loan
VA loan
Credit requirements
None, but 640 is standard
620
580
None unless lender requires
Debt-to-income (DTI) ratio requirements
Up to 41%
Up to 43%
Up to 50%
Up to 41%
Down payment requirements
None
3% or 5%
3.5%
None
USDA loan FAQ
USDA loans do not require PMI, as PMI is only for borrowers of conventional loans who put down less than 20 percent. Instead of charging mortgage insurance, USDA loans charge two fees: the upfront guarantee fee (which equals 1 percent of the loan amount) and an annual fee (which equals 0.35 percent of the loan amount, charged yearly).
You can refinance an existing USDA mortgage into another USDA mortgage or refinance an existing USDA mortgage into a conventional mortgage. However, you cannot refinance a non-USDA mortgage into a USDA mortgage. If you have a USDA loan, you have three options for refinance: a USDA streamline, USDA non-streamline or conventional loan refinance
In the heart of California, Sacramento is a city that effortlessly blends rich history with modern charm. From the bustling streets of Midtown to the serene beauty of the American River Parkway, Sacramento offers a diverse and vibrant lifestyle for its residents. With historic roots in the gold rush, too many parks to choose from, and a close proximity to wine country, Sacramento is a city that truly has something for everyone.
Whether you’re searching for apartments in Sacramento, homes for sale, or just learning more about what Sacramento is known for, this article is the comprehensive guide you’ve been looking for.
1. The California State Capitol
Sacramento is known for being the capital of California and is home to the impressive California State Capitol. The Capitol is a stunning example of neoclassical architecture and is surrounded by beautiful gardens, making it a must-see for visitors and a point of pride for locals.
2. Gold
The Gold Rush of the mid-19th century was a pivotal event for Sacramento, rapidly transforming it from a modest settlement into a thriving commercial and supply hub for gold miners. This influx of population and wealth laid the groundwork for Sacramento’s development, establishing its significance within California’s political and economic landscapes.
3. Old Sacramento Historic District
Old Sacramento Historic District is a charming area that showcases the city’s history. Visitors can explore the cobblestone streets, historic brick buildings, and museums that offer a glimpse into Sacramento’s past as a bustling Gold Rush town. This is a great opportunity to explore the areas past and see the lasting effects it has on the city today.
4. Tower Bridge
The iconic Tower Bridge is a symbol of Sacramento and is known for its distinctive Art Deco design. Spanning the Sacramento River, the bridge offers stunning views of the city and is a popular spot for locals and tourists to kick back and soak up the beauty surrounding them.
5. Crocker Art Museum
Sacramento is home to the impressive Crocker Art Museum, which houses a massive collection of art spanning from classical to contemporary. The museum’s many exhibits and educational programs make it a hub in the city for everyone from young families to aspiring artists to retirees and everyone in between.
6. American River Parkway
The American River Parkway provides a natural escape within the city, offering opportunities for hiking, biking, and more. The scenic beauty of the parkway is a beloved feature of Sacramento’s landscape and one of the many unique perks about calling Sacramento home.
7. Craft beer scene
Sacramento’s craft beer scene is growing, reflecting the city’s passion for locally brewed, innovative beers. With a focus on quality and creativity, the area boasts a ton of breweries that contribute to Sacramento’s reputation as a destination for beer lovers of all persuasions. Two of the most beloved local breweries are Track 7 Brewing Co., known for its diverse range of styles and community-focused approach, and Bike Dog Brewing Company, which combines a love for cycling with the art of beer making.
8. Sutter’s Fort
Sutter’s Fort is a historic landmark that played a significant role in the early development of Sacramento. The fort offers guided tours and living history demonstrations, allowing visitors to step back in time and experience California’s pioneer era in its purest form.
9. City of Trees
Sacramento is the City of Trees thanks to its wide variety of foliage, from native oaks to exotic species planted over the decades, provides not only aesthetic beauty but also significant environmental benefits, like improved air quality, reduced urban heat island effect, and enhanced outdoor spaces. The city’s tree-lined streets, parks, and green spaces contribute to its identity and quality of life, making it a welcome green getaway in the heart of California.
10. Sacramento Kings
As the local NBA team, you’re likely to see some Kings gear around town as you get to know the city. Since relocating to Sacramento in 1985, the Sacramento Kings have become a central part of the city’s identity, fostering a strong sense of community and pride among residents. Their presence has significantly impacted the local economy by way of new jobs and downtown revitalization, particularly with the construction of the Golden 1 Center.
A few days before you’re scheduled to close on a mortgage, the lender will provide a Closing Disclosure. Review this document carefully and ask questions if there’s anything that you don’t understand.
What is a Closing Disclosure?
The Closing Disclosure is a five-page form that spells out the final terms and closing costs of a home loan.
Your lender must provide the Closing Disclosure at least three business days before the scheduled loan closing. This gives you time to review everything and ask questions before signing forms at the closing table.
Reviewing the Closing Disclosure
Go through the Closing Disclosure line by line. Compare the information on the Closing Disclosure with that on the Loan Estimate — the document the lender provided shortly after you applied for the mortgage.
Did you know…
The Loan Estimate is a document that gives estimated costs of a home loan. You should receive a Loan Estimate from the lender within three business days of applying for a mortgage.
If any information looks different from what you expected, contact the lender or settlement agent right away.
The first page of the Closing Disclosure gives the loan amount, interest rate, closing costs and the amount of cash needed at closing. The second page spells out the closing cost details.
Pay special attention to the third page, which features a comparison table showing the costs as reported by the Loan Estimate and the actual charges to be applied at closing. This section clearly shows whether the costs have changed since receiving your Loan Estimate.
At the bottom is the literal bottom line — the total amount you, as the borrower, will owe at closing. The image below is from a sample Closing Disclosure on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s website, where you can click through each page of the form for more detail.
The fourth page shows how the cash-to-close is calculated and the summary of the transaction, and the fifth page provides additional information about the loan, such as escrow account details.
What can cause a 3-day closing delay?
Any substantial revision to the loan’s terms triggers a new three-day review. Minor changes such as modifications to the escrow or adjustments to prorated payments for taxes, utilities and the like don’t qualify.
These three things can reset the 72-hour clock:
The APR increases by more than one-eighth of a percentage point for fixed-rate loans or more than one-quarter of a percentage point for adjustable-rate mortgages.
A prepayment penalty is added to the loan terms.
The loan product changes, such as moving from a fixed-rate to an adjustable-rate loan or to an interest-only mortgage.
Report errors or ask questions ASAP
The Closing Disclosure may look official — and maybe a little intimidating at first. But don’t assume the document is correct, advises the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Mistakes can happen, which is why it’s critical that you review closing documents carefully and contact your lender or settlement agent if anything seems awry.
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
After you’ve been notified of a data breach, you should contact your bank and the three major credit bureaus as soon as possible.
When a data breach occurs, you should monitor all of your accounts for suspicious activity. Creating alerts for your banking accounts can help you react to suspicious transactions. A similar strategy is advised for your credit report; in certain cases, companies will have to provide credit monitoring services to their customers for up to 12 months.
Data breaches can lead to negative situations, such as identity theft and credit card fraud. Below, we’ll discuss what to do after a data breach occurs and explore options for reliable credit monitoring services.
Key takeaways:
A data breach occurs when cybercriminals illegally gain access to sensitive information.
In certain cases, companies will be ordered to provide credit monitoring services to their customers for up to 12 months.
The Equifax® data breach of 2017 compromised 148 million Americans and 15 million British citizens.
Table of contents:
What is a data breach?
A data breach occurs when cybercriminals and bad actors illegally access sensitive data. A data breach can happen to specific individuals and large organizations—such as the 2017 Equifax data breach, which impacted nearly 150 million Americans and 15 million British citizens.
If an organization is held accountable for a data breach by a court of law, compensation may be issued to victims. For example, the Equifax breach settlement was finalized in January 2022 and resulted in free credit monitoring services and up to $425 million of support to impacted individuals.
How do you check if your personal information was exposed?
The Data Breach Notification Act offers guidelines and regulations in the event of a data breach. Section 2 of this act states that businesses and federal agencies must tell affected individuals that their data has been leaked “without unreasonable delay.”
These specific guidelines are relevant after a data breach occurs. Here are several actionable steps if you want to take proactive measures to combat a data breach:
Intrusion detection system (IDS): This technology can monitor a network and determine if suspicious or malicious activity is underway.
Data leak checker websites: Websites like Have I Been Pwnd will help you check if one of your emails was part of a data breach.
Review your emails: If your spam and junk email boxes have an unusual amount of spam, your email could’ve been compromised.
What should you do after a data breach?
After you’ve received a notice that your data was compromised, it’s natural to feel overwhelmed or upset by this violation of your privacy. Nevertheless, taking action and making adjustments is the best way to minimize or prevent the worst outcomes.
Change your passwords
If you were part of a data breach, there’s a high likelihood that cybercriminals might possess your current login information. Changing your passwords can prevent bad actors from signing into your accounts.
Ideally, it’s best to use a complex password comprising upper and lowercase letters, special characters and numbers. The less this new password resembles your old one, the better. Furthermore, changing your password every few months is an excellent preventive measure.
Activate two-factor authentication (2FA)
Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an additional login step where users have to finish signing in on a trusted device, usually a smartphone. 2FA reduces the likelihood of a bad actor illegally accessing one of your accounts as the additional login measure (your phone) is on your person.
Look into credit monitoring services
For those wondering what credit monitoring is, the term refers to any service that watches your credit reports and alerts you about suspicious activity that doesn’t match your usual financial habits.
Credit monitoring services look for everything from fluctuations in your credit score to new accounts that have been opened in your name. Lex OnTrack is a monitoring service that tracks your credit history and helps protect your identity from fraud.
Freeze your credit with the three credit bureaus
Learning how to freeze your credit can help you stop cybercriminals from taking unauthorized actions with your credit. To fully freeze your credit, you’ll at least want to contact Equifax®, Experian® and TransUnion®—the three major credit bureaus.
Contact your bank
Speaking with your bank after you’ve been notified of a data breach is an effective way to protect your finances. You’ll have an opportunity to notify your financial institution of this unfortunate event, and you’ll also be able to review recent account activity.
If recent purchases were made on your account that don’t align with your habits, they could be tied to unlawful activity.
What states have data breach laws?
Every state in America has cybersecurity laws that protect civilians, organizations and federal agencies in the event of a data breach.The Data Breach Notification Act generally applies to all 50 states alongside territories and districts.
At the time of writing, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Utah and Virginia have unique data privacy laws that differ somewhat from their contemporaries. For instance, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) gives Californians the right to demand all information that a company and its third-party partners have on them.
3 reasons data breaches happen
Data breaches are incredibly alarming, and it’s tempting to search for an easy explanation as to why they happen. Though only a small number of them are successful, cyberattacks are quite common.
A study by the Clack School found that some computers may be attacked, on average, approximately 2,200 times each day. Some factors that raise the odds of a cyberattack succeeding are outlined below.
1. Malware attacks
Malware (or malicious software) can compromise security if someone downloads it onto their device. For example, a key logger is a type of malware that records every keystroke a user inputs. Such software could help cybercriminals steal admin credentials from an organization, then log in and access sensitive data.
2. Internal data leak
“What is a data leak?” is a fair question, as this term sounds similar to a data breach. However, a data leak occurs when an internal source releases private information to the general public. If someone working at an organization gives out confidential login details, a cybercriminal could capitalize on that and initiate a data breach.
3. Outdated software
Software updates bolster a network’s security and make it harder for hackers to slip past defenses. Repeated cyberattacks that are launched against systems with outdated software are more likely to be successful.
Monitor your credit with Lexington Law Firm
The sheer number of cyberattacks that occur each day can be alarming, but there are many ways to protect yourself from digital disturbances. A credit monitoring service is an excellent tool that works in the background and catches seemingly minute details.
Explore Lexington Law’s services, which include credit monitoring as well as assistance with challenging errors on credit reports, if any are found.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Moriah Beaver
Associate Attorney
Moriah is an attorney practicing in consumer advocacy at Lexington Law.
Before joining Lexington, she represented plaintiffs in personal injury litigation, dealing with claims arising from car accidents, slip and falls, and dog bites. Moriah studied English at Brigham Young University for her undergraduate degree and went on to graduate from Brigham Young University’s J. Reuben Clark Law School. She is from Hau’ula, Hawaii, but has been a resident of Utah for over 10 years now.
Owning a home is an integral part of the American Dream, but it can often feel more like a mirage to those wrestling with bad credit. The idea of being shackled by a poor credit score might have you convinced that the dream of homeownership is unattainable.
But here’s a plot twist — a poor credit score does not necessarily slam the door to your dream house. Yes, it might add a few challenges to the journey, but the path to homeownership is far from being erased.
In this article, we’re going to simplify the process and illuminate the steps you can take to make your dream of homeownership a reality, even with bad credit. So buckle up and prepare for a deep dive into the world of credit scores, mortgages, and the surprising possibilities that await you.
10 Steps to Buy a House With Bad Credit
Bad credit doesn’t mean a ‘no’ to homeownership—it just implies a more strategic approach is required. From understanding your credit situation and improving your score, to exploring different mortgage options and considering a larger down payment, there are several actionable steps you can take.
Let’s embark on this journey together, helping you turn the dream of owning your own home into a reachable reality, irrespective of your credit score.
1. Know Your Credit Scores
How low are your credit scores? Do you know what’s causing you to have poor credit? Or are you assuming it’s bad because of past financial missteps?
What is a ‘bad’ credit score?
What constitutes a bad credit score? Generally, the ranges are as follows:
Excellent: 781 and above
Good: 661-780
Fair: 601-660
Poor: 501-600
Bad: 500 and below
So, if your credit score is 600 or lower, you’d fall into the subprime consumer category.
Check Out Our Top Picks for 2024:
Best Mortgage Loans for Bad Credit
How Your Credit Scores are Calculated
You should also have an understanding of how your credit score is calculated so you’ll know how much to improve it before applying. The five components are as follows:
Payment history (35%): Do you make timely payments to your creditors each month? If you’ve missed several payments in the past, your credit scores could be suffering. And other past-due bills that became collection accounts also negatively impact your payment history.
Amounts owed (30%): How much do you still owe creditors? If your debt-to-available credit or credit utilization ratio on revolving accounts is high, it could affect your credit scores.
Length of credit history (15%): How long have you had credit? A more established credit profile could equate to a higher FICO score.
Credit mix (10%): Do you have a healthy mix of revolving and installment credit? Lenders like to see a combination of both, and having several of one and not the other could lower your credit scores.
New credit (10%): Have you recently opened several new credit accounts? If so, prospective lenders may see you as more of a risk.
How to Check Your Credit Score
There are several free options to choose from. However, you can start by contacting your bank to see if it’s a service provided to account holders, free of charge. Or if you have credit cards, check the statement or online dashboard as it may appear there.
Did you recently apply for a mortgage and were denied? Lenders must explain their decisions in a letter and disclose that you can request a copy of the credit report used to make the decision.
In some instances, the denial letter will explain the denial and the credit score the lender used during the evaluation process. Lenders use different algorithms and credit scoring models. However, you can use this number as a starting point.
Lastly, you can use credit monitoring tools, like Identity IQ and Identity Guard, to view variations of your credit score. They also offer great identity theft protection.
2. Rectify Errors in Your Credit Report
According to the results of a study conducted by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 20% of credit reports contain errors. But why does this matter? Well, what’s in your report determines your credit score. And there’s a possibility that an error could result in a low credit score and prevent you from obtaining a mortgage.
So, you’ll want to get a free copy of your report and review it from top to bottom. If you spot errors, take the following steps to have them rectified:
Step 1: Print out a hard copy of your credit report and circle the items in question.
Step 2: Draft up a letter of dispute to submit to the credit bureaus. For a template, click here.
Step 3: Send the letter, the highlighted copy of your credit report, and any supporting documentation to the credit bureaus.
Step 4: Follow-up in writing with the credit bureaus after 30 days if you still haven’t received a response.
If you need additional help with credit report errors, review this comprehensive guide from the FTC.
It can take a while for credit reports to reflect updates made by disputing errors. So, prepare to fix your credit at least a few months before applying for a mortgage. That way, you can ensure any positive changes have time to improve your credit.
What if everything is accurate?
There’s a possibility that a series of financial missteps or a rough patch has left your credit in shambles and the effects are lingering. If that’s the case, reach out to the creditors and request that they remove the negative mark from your credit report in exchange for a settlement of the account in question.
This is called a pay-for-delete agreement and can do wonders for your credit if the creditor is on board. But be sure to get the agreement in writing.
If the account is showing as a paid collection item, this approach won’t work since the account has already been paid off.
However, you can write a letter to the creditor explaining your circumstances and ask that they honor a goodwill adjustment so you can get approved for a mortgage. You may not have luck with either approach right away, but consistency could pay off.
3. Run the Numbers
Mortgage loans designed for consumers with subpar credit sometimes come at a higher cost. Why so? It’s all a matter of risk.
The mortgage lender wants to be protected if you default on the loan and the home goes into foreclosure. So, if you’re adamant about getting a mortgage with bad credit, be prepared for the financial implications.
To illustrate, assume you’re seeking a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage for $250,000. Below is an example of how the figures could play out, based on your creditworthiness:
CREDIT SCORE
MONTHLY PAYMENT
INTEREST PAID OVER LIFE OF LOAN
TOTAL COST OF LOAN
Excellent Credit
4%
$179,674
$429,674
Good Credit
5%
$233,139
$483,139
Fair Credit
6%
$289,595
$539,595
Poor Credit
7%
$348,772
$598,772
And these figures don’t even factor in property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, and private mortgage insurance (if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%).
The good news is you can always refinance the loan at a later date when your credit score and financial situation improve.
4. Consider an FHA Loan
An FHA Loan is a great option for anyone who wants to buy a house with bad credit. These loans are issued by private lenders, but the loan is guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration. This guarantee protects the mortgage lender from borrowers that eventually default on their mortgage.
FHA loans come with less stringent requirements so they are easier to apply for than a conventional mortgage. However, FHA loans tend to have higher interest rates and closing costs than conventional mortgages.
FHA Loan Requirements
That being said, there are a few requirements you’ll need to meet:
You need a minimum credit score of 580.
You must have proof of a stable monthly income.
If your credit score is 580 or higher, you’ll need a minimum down payment of at least 3.5%.
If your credit score is 500 or higher you’ll need a minimum down payment of at least 10%.
The home you’re purchasing must be your primary residence.
There are other requirements you’ll need to meet to qualify for an FHA loan. These loans are capped at a certain amount, though this will vary depending on where you live.
You’ll also have to work with an FHA approved lender and pay private mortgage insurance (PMI), which will increase your monthly payment.
See also: FHA Loan Requirements for 2024
5. Consider a VA Loan
If you’re a veteran who has bad credit, then you may be eligible to take out a VA loan. VA loans are issued through private lenders, but the mortgage is backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
The program is designed to help veterans get back on their feet and has served as a lifeline for many struggling veterans. And VA loans have many advantages.
There is no down payment required, and you don’t have to purchase PMI. Additionally, there is no minimum credit score requirement. The interest rates are very competitive, and it’s fairly easy to apply for a VA loan.
VA Loan Requirements
However, there are a few requirements you’ll need to meet first:
Active duty military or a veteran who was honorably discharged.
You’ve served for at least 90 consecutive days during active wartime.
You’ve served for at least 180 consecutive days during active peacetime.
More than six years in the National Guard.
If your spouse died in the line of duty you may qualify for the VA loan program as well.
See also: VA Home Loans: Everything You Need to Know
6. Consider a USDA Loan
The USDA typically offers these no-down-payment mortgage loans in rural areas and lower-density suburbs. To qualify for a USDA loan, borrowers must meet income limits based on their household size and the median income of their county. You must also have a minimum credit score of 580.
See also: Guide for First-Time Homebuyers with Bad Credit
7. Explore Other Lending Options
If you aren’t a candidate for FHA or VA loans, you might consider alternative lenders. Loan aggregators like Lending Tree are a good way to determine if you qualify for conventional loan products.
Lending Tree won’t give you a loan but will match you with mortgage lenders that are willing to work with you. It only takes a few minutes to sign up on the company’s website, and you can receive mortgage offers from multiple lenders.
If you’ve been banking with the same financial institution for an extended period of time, you might also consider applying for a mortgage there.
Banks tend to have stricter lending requirements, but they may be willing to consider you for a mortgage based on your long-standing history with the bank. At the very least, it can’t hurt to try.
8. Save Up for a Down Payment
Lenders may be reluctant to approve you for a house with bad credit. And the higher the loan amount, the more risk they’ll have to assume.
It is more likely that you’ll be approved if you put down a large down payment, since the loan amount will be lower. Plus, you’ll save a bundle on interest.
So, how much should you save for a down payment? The standard 20% required for most conventional loans is a good starting point, but the higher, the better. (Plus, you may be able to avoid mortgage insurance).
It’s also a good idea to have as much cash in your savings account as possible. This demonstrates to lenders that despite having poor credit, you can handle financial emergencies or cover unexpected financial occurrences as they arise. It’s not necessary to stow away an entire year of income in the bank, but three to six months will suffice.
Worried about your credit taking a hit if you apply with several lenders? Don’t be. According to myFICO, “inquiries for mortgage loans generated in a 30-day window count as a single inquiry.”
So, if you shop around and apply with ten separate lenders in a 30-day window, your credit will only be impacted by one inquiry since FICO scoring models recognize that you’re conducting a home loan search.
10. Sign on the Dotted Line
Congratulations! You’ve done your homework, saved up for a down payment, and shopped around to find the lowest interest rate. Despite your credit troubles, you’ve done the legwork to buy the home of your dreams.
But if you weren’t as fortunate and found that it wasn’t the right time to buy, don’t fret. Be patient while working diligently to boost your credit score and get your finances in order.
Furthermore, be sure to make all your rent payments on time to show potential lenders that you are responsible and can handle your housing obligations. That way, you’ll have more luck next time around.
After attorneys made their cases for both the U.S. government and former Live Well Financial CEO Michael Hild regarding a restitution amount owed to the company’s creditors, a magistrate judge overseeing the issue has recommended that Hild pay more than $46 million.
The final amount will be determined by the trial judge. The funds will ultimately go to companies including Mirae Asset Securities, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services (ICBC), Flagstar Bank, Customers Bank and the bankruptcy estate of Live Well itself, according to court filings reviewed by RMD.
Restitution amounts
Defense attorneys have argued in court filings — and in a recent hearing — that Hild should not, in some cases, be obligated to pay any restitution. Prosecutors for the government initially argued that he should owe $69 million to the companies that lent to Live Well and the defunct lender’s estate based on — what was determined in court to be — inflated valuations of interest-only bonds backed by Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECMs).
Attorneys for Hild and the government have been at odds for the better part of a year over restitution. After a January evidentiary hearing that included testimony from representatives of the impacted companies, the government revised its sought restitution amount to about $46.5 million.
Magistrate Judge Katharine Parker, who has submitted her recommendations to trial judge Ronnie Abrams in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, recommended that Flagstar receive $13.36 million; Mirae receive $7.4 million; ICBC receive nearly $17.8 million; Customers Bank receive $7.64 million; and the Live Well estate receive $253,850.
Each figure is broadly in line with the government’s revised calculations following January’s evidentiary hearing but are not exact in each case.
Hild objections
Counsel for Hild objected to each of the government’s recommendations for restitution on different grounds while broadly arguing that each of the companies “did not receive a competitive price for the bonds,” according to Parker.
Flagstar contended that it should be compensated for expenses it incurred by enlisting BlackRock to independently value HECM bonds, which Hild challenged, and Parker found Hild’s argument persuasive. That reduced Flagstar’s recommended restitution payment by roughly $102,000.
But most of Hild’s arguments were not persuasive, according to Parker.
“Whether or not the bonds were sold under ideal market conditions for the best possible price is irrelevant to the restitution calculation,” Parker said. “Fluctuations in the market value of the bonds was foreseeable — even if direction and degree of change was not.”
Since the fluctuation was influenced by the scheme for which Hild was convicted, Parker did not seriously entertain an argument for $0 in restitution in her final decision, she said.
Hild argued that in the case of Mirae, the company made “numerous revisions to their restitution submissions” which “renders the final submission not credible.” Parker found the contention out of place and inappropriate considering the types of cases cited to make his argument. His counsel argued based on civil cases, not criminal ones, Parker said.
Hild objected to ICBC’s proposed amount by saying the company did not receive a “fair market value” for the bonds they purchased, which Parker said is “irrelevant for the purposes of restitution.” But Parker agreed with Hild and the government in limiting ICBC’s claim for legal fees.
Impacts on restitution
As for Hild’s objections about restitution for Customers Bank — again based on bond pricing — Parker said his contention “is a slight reworking of Hild’s long-running argument that the victims actually benefited from holding on to the criminally inflated Live Well assets, or that the victims knowingly sold their assets at below market rates in order to ‘lock in’ an eventual award of restitution.” Parker characterized this argument as “based on conjecture and unavailing.”
For the Live Well estate, Hild argued that there is proof it communicated with the government in a manner not previously disclosed, and that it “was a beneficiary of settlement agreements that should have eliminated Hild’s restitution liability.”
Parker explained that any communications between the estate and the government had no bearing on a restitution amount owed, and that for the beneficiary argument, “it was Hild’s burden to provide evidence that those settlements completely offset his restitution obligations. […] He did not provide such evidence and, instead, the Estate provided testimony that the settlements do not offset any portion of the amount sought in restitution.”
Next steps
Final determination on restitution is now awaiting a decision from Abrams, the trial judge. As of March 1, she had not yet ruled on the matter, and it remains to be seen how a final amount will be divided between Hild and co-conspirators who have previously cooperated with the government and have avoided prison time as a result.
Hild remains free pending an appeal of his 44-month prison sentence, which is slated to play out in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
A judgment is an order issued by a judge or jury to settle a lawsuit. This decision details the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each party. For example, if you fail to pay a debt, the lender can take you to court. In this case, the judge may order you to pay the other party as part of the court’s final judgment.
The order can be issued in one of two forms:
A monetary judgment: A judgment that orders one party to pay the other party a specific amount of money.
A nonmonetary judgment: A judgment that involves a nonmonetary type of resolution, such as the exchange of property or services. For example, a contractor may be ordered to complete a service for a client.
There are several classifications for judgments, including:
In personam: This is the most common civil judgment classification. It occurs when one party is liable to another.
In rem: Rather than involving personal liability, in rem judgments hold liability over a specific item, such as property.
Quasi in rem: Quasi in rem judgments consider the legal rights of individuals and not necessarily all parties involved.
Ultimately, if you don’t pay a debt, the lender or bill collector can file a lawsuit against you to recoup the money. The judge or jury determines if and how much money you owe. These terms are laid out in the final judgment.
What Is a Judgment on Property?
Your property includes both physical items and money. That means judgment creditors can seek debt payment from more than your wages and bank accounts. They may also take back a car you financed or other personal property. Another option is placing a lien on some of your property, such as your home.
What Property Can Be Taken to Settle a Judgment?
Creditors must follow the law when applying a judgment to take, or seize, your property. Some things are exempt—which means they can’t touch those items or properties. Some examples include the home you live in, the furnishings inside it, and your clothes. State laws identify these items and set limits based on their value.
Non-exempt property can be taken to help meet a judgment debt. Your creditor can take or leverage these possessions in the following ways:
Wage attachments. This is known as wage garnishment. When your employer receives the proper legal notice, they must withhold a percentage of your wages. These payments are sent to the judgment creditor until your debt is paid. The Consumer Credit Protection Act caps these types of garnishments. The limit is 25% of your disposable weekly wages or the amount you earn that’s above 30 times the minimum wage. The lessor of these two amounts applies. Some states set the cap even lower.
Nonwage garnishment. If you’re retired, unemployed, or self-employed, your bank account may be garnished instead. Here, too, there are exemptions. Veterans payments, social security, and disability benefits are not eligible for nonwage garnishment. Some states add even more restrictions to the garnishment of bank funds.
Property liens. If you own real estate, your judgment creditor may file a legal claim against it. These liens notify lenders of the creditor’s rights to your property. That way, if you sell your real property, the debt must be paid out of the proceeds. In many states, liens are placed automatically when a judgment is entered.
Property levies. Judgments may also allow some of your non-exempt personal property to be taken through a levy. Law enforcement may seize things like valuable collections or jewelry to be sold at auction. Sales proceeds are applied to your debt.
What Are the Types of Judgments?
Judgments come in many forms. Below is a look at the five types of judgments.
Satisfied judgment: A satisfied judgment means the debt is settled. This doesn’t necessarily mean you have paid the debt in full. It could mean there’s a new payment arrangement and you’re making regular payments.
Unsatisfied Judgment: An unsatisfied judgment means the debt is not settled yet. You’re expected to follow the court order and make payments on the outstanding debt. Until you make your final payment or come to another agreement with the other party, it will remain an unsatisfied judgment.
Vacated Judgment: If you don’t agree with the court’s initial judgment, you have the right to appeal that decision. If the judge decides to dismiss the case, the initial order becomes a vacated judgment.
Summary Judgment: If both parties agree to the basic facts of the case, either party may request to skip the trial and go straight to a summary judgment. The judge issues this final judgment without going through the process of holding a trial.
Renewed Judgment: Some states allow creditors to seek a new judgment for specific reasons. If this happens, the judge may issue a renewed judgment. This judgment may void the initial judgment or serve as an additional order.
Three Ways of Getting a Judgment
There are several ways a civil judgment can be determined.
1. Judgment After Trial
As the name suggests, a judgment after trial is a decision that occurs only after a trial. Once the judge or jury hears all the evidence and makes a final decision, the judge issues a formal judgment in the case.
2. Consent Judgment
A consent judgment occurs when both parties negotiate a final settlement. The judge must approve this final agreement, which is done by issuing a formal consent judgment.
3. Default Judgment
A default judgment occurs when the defendant fails to respond to a summons and complaint. In this case, the judge issues a default judgment in favor of the plaintiff without hearing any evidence from the defendant.
Can Judgments Affect Your Credit?
Judgments can’t directly impact your credit because the details of these orders aren’t part of your credit report. However, it’s likely that issues leading up to the final judgment could affect your credit. For example, your payment history can remain on your credit report for up to seven years. If you have any missing or late payments that led to the judgment, this history can impact your credit score.
A judgment could also have a positive effect on your credit. For example, once the debt is paid, the account balance should change to zero on your credit report. This could help lower the amount of debt you owe, which could impact your credit utilization rate.
Once the judge issues a judgment, you can use Credit.com’s Free Credit Score service to see if it had any effect on your score. As you work to rebuild your credit, you can enroll in Credit.com’s ExtraCredit® program to monitor your credit score over time.
What Is a Judgment on a Credit Report?
Judgments aren’t reported on your credit report and don’t directly impact your credit score. However, judgments are public records, so lenders could still have access to this information. This could affect your ability to secure credit in the future.
What Happens After a Judgment Is Entered Against You?
Once the judge enters a judgment, both parties must abide by the order. For example, you must pay the amount of money ordered by the judge, and the creditor must mark the account paid in full once payment is made. If you can’t pay the amount all at once, you may be able to set up a payment arrangement. You’re legally obligated to make these payments.
What Happens After a Judgment Is Entered Against You?
The court enters a judgment against you if your creditor wins their claim or you fail to show up to court. You should receive a notice of the judgment entry in the mail. The judgment creditor can then use that court judgment to try to collect money from you. Common methods include wage garnishment, property attachments, and property liens.
State laws determine how much money and what types of property a judgment creditor can collect from you. These laws vary. So, you need to look to your own state for the rules that apply. A consumer law attorney can help you understand your state’s laws on judgment collections.
What Is the Difference Between a Civil Judgment and a Criminal Judgment?
There’s a major difference between civil court and criminal court.
A civil court typically involves disputes between two parties. For instance, it could involve a case between two individuals, two organizations, or one organization and one individual. These cases often pertain to a breach of contract, an unsettled debt or a lack of services.
Unless both parties agree to the facts of the case, the judge gives each party the opportunity to present evidence. For example, if a debt collector takes you to civil court for an unpaid bill, you can provide evidence of any payments you made. After hearing the evidence, the judge issues a final judgment, known as a civil judgment.
On the other hand, criminal court involves someone accused of breaking the law. The federal, state, or local government charges the accused party. If, after holding a trial, the defendant is found guilty or the defendant pleads guilty prior to the trial, the judge issues a criminal judgment. A sentence is issued later, which could include jail time or some other form of punishment.
What Can You Do to Avoid a Judgment?
Heading off a lawsuit is the best way to avoid a judgment. To do so, don’t ignore calls and correspondence from your creditor. Reach out to learn if they’ll accept suitable payment arrangements. Educate yourself on smart ways to pay debt collectors, and consider using the services of a debt management agency.
What if the loan company or debt collector has already started the lawsuit? Don’t skip court. Show up and fight. You may win if the statute of limitations has expired.
If you haven’t made a payment on an old debt for many years, you may have a successful legal defense. Most states set the time frame between four to six years. Collectors often still file suit because they win by default if you don’t show up. So, it’s important that you go to court with proof of your last date of payment.
If you successfully defeat or avoid a judgment, don’t stop there. Take some sensible steps to help you get out of and stay out of debt. Adopting these smart financial habits can also help prevent future judgment actions.
Additional FAQs about Judgments
How Long Can the Judgment Creditor Pursue Payment?
The answer depends on where you live, since state laws differ. Some states limit collection efforts to five to seven years. Others allow creditors to pursue repayment for more than 20 years. With the right to renew a judgment over and over in many states, it may last indefinitely.
Judgment renewals may be repeated as often as desired or limited to two or three times. This is another state-specific issue. Judgments can also lapse or become dormant. The creditor must then act within a specific time frame to revive it.
What Happens When You Can’t Pay a Judgment Filed Against You?
If you own a limited amount of property, it may all be exempt from judgment collection efforts. Also, you may not work or only work part-time. With the CCPA cap, that may mean you don’t earn enough for garnishment.
This inability to pay your debt is called being judgment proof, collection proof, or execution proof. While these circumstances exist, the judgment creditor has no legal way to collect on the debt. It’s not a permanent solution. The creditor may revisit collection efforts periodically for many years.
For a more permanent solution, you may want to consider filing bankruptcy. This process can discharge or eliminate most civil judgments for unpaid debt. Exceptions apply for things like child support, spousal support, student loans, and some property liens. Speak with a bankruptcy lawyer to learn whether this will help your situation.
Can You Settle a Judgment?
If you can afford to pay a decent lump sum, you may be able to negotiate a settlement. The judgment creditor may be willing to settle if they fear you will otherwise file bankruptcy. Get the terms and settlement amount you agree upon in writing. Be sure the creditor agrees to file a satisfaction of judgment with the court after they receive your pay off.
Can a Judgment Be Challenged or Reversed?
Challenging and overturning a judgment is difficult but not always impossible. This is the case if there were errors. Perhaps you weren’t notified of the suit or it was never your debt to begin with. Consult with an attorney to find out whether you have grounds to challenge the decision.
If you want to challenge a judgment, act fast. If you received prior notice of the case, you may have up to six months to reopen it. If you weren’t notified, you likely have up to two years to appeal. By reopening the case, you have the opportunity to fight the claim anew.
Do Credit Reports Still Include Judgments?
For many years, credit reports included judgment information. But that changed in 2017. The National Consumer Assistance Plan is responsible for creating more accurate credit data requirements. These changes resulted in the removal of civil debt judgments from credit reports.
Judgments are still a matter of public record. But the NCAP now requires that there be identifying information on these records for more accuracy. That data includes a social security number or date of birth along with the consumer’s name and address.
Public records cannot include this type of identifying information. It would violate privacy laws. This is the reason these judgments are no longer reported on credit files.
How Do You Find Out if You Have Any Judgments Against You?
You should receive a summons when you’re being sued. So, you can expect a default judgment will follow if you don’t show up in court. You can also expect a notification when a judgment is entered against you.
Mistakes happen, though. You may have missed the notice or moved to a new address. If that happens, you may not learn of the judgment until collection actions start.
What if You Find a Judgment on Your Credit Report?
Take action if you learn that judgments are still being reported by Equifax, Experian, or Trans Union. The NCAP eliminated this practice, so if there’s a judgment on your report, this is definitely something that you should dispute. Credit repair services, like Lexington Law Firm*, can help you challenge the errors on your behalf with the credit bureaus and request that they correct your report.
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Disclosure: Credit.com and CreditRepair.com are both owned by the same company, Progrexion Holdings Inc. John C Heath, Attorney at Law, PC, d/b/a Lexington Law Firm is an independent law firm that uses Progrexion as a provider of business and administrative services.
The VA home loan: Unbeatable benefits for veterans
For many who qualify, VA home loans are some of the best mortgages available.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA loans are designed to help active-duty military personnel, veterans and certain other groups become homeowners at an affordable cost.
The VA loan asks for no down payment, requires no mortgage insurance, and has lenient rules about qualifying, among many other advantages.
Here’s everything you need to know about qualifying for and using a VA loan.
In this article (Skip to…)
Top 10 VA loan benefits
1. No down payment on a VA loan
Most home loan programs require you to make at least a small down payment to buy a home. The VA home loan is an exception.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Rather than paying 5%, 10%, 20% or more of the home’s purchase price upfront in cash, with a VA loan you can finance up to 100% of the purchase price.
The VA loan is a true no-money-down home mortgage opportunity.
2. No mortgage insurance for VA loans
Typically, lenders require you to pay for mortgage insurance if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%.
This insurance — which is known as private mortgage insurance (PMI) for a conventional loan and a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) for an FHA loan — would protect the lender if you defaulted on your loan.
VA loans require neither a down payment nor mortgage insurance. That makes a VA-backed mortgage very affordable upfront and over time.
3. VA loans have a government guarantee
There’s a reason why the VA loan comes with such favorable terms.
The federal government guarantees these loans — meaning a portion of the loan amount will be repaid to the lender even if you’re unable to make monthly payments for whatever reason.
This guarantee encourages and enables private lenders to offer VA loans with exceptionally attractive terms.
4. You can shop for the best VA loan rates
VA loans are neither originated nor funded by the VA. They are not direct loans from the government. Furthermore, mortgage rates for VA loans are not set by the VA itself.
Instead, VA loans are offered by U.S. banks, savings-and-loans institutions, credit unions, and mortgage lenders — each of which sets its own VA loan rates and fees.
This means you can shop around and compare loan offers and still choose the VA loan that works best for your budget.
5. VA loans don’t allow a prepayment penalty
A VA loan won’t restrict your right to sell the property partway through your loan term.
There’s no prepayment penalty or early-exit fee no matter within what time frame you decide to sell your home.
Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding a refinance of your VA loan.
You can refinance your existing VA loan into another VA loan via the agency’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL) program, or switch into a non-VA loan at any time.
6. VA mortgages come in many varieties
A VA loan can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. In addition, you can use a VA loan to buy a house, condo, new-built home, manufactured home, duplex, or other types of properties.
Or, it can be used for refinancing your existing mortgage, making repairs or improvements to your home, or making your home more energy-efficient.
The choice is yours. A VA-approved lender can help you decide.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
7. It’s easier to qualify for VA loans
Like all mortgage types, VA loans require specific documentation, an acceptable credit history, and sufficient income to make your monthly payments.
But, compared to other loan programs, VA loan guidelines tend to be more flexible. This is made possible because of the VA loan guarantee.
The Department of Veterans Affairs genuinely wants to make the loan process easier for military members, veterans, and qualifying military spouses to buy or refinance a home.
8. VA loan closing costs are lower
The VA limits the closing costs lenders can charge to VA loan applicants. This is another way that a VA loan can be more affordable than other types of loans.
Money saved on closing costs can be used for furniture, moving costs, home improvements, or anything else.
9. The VA offers funding fee flexibility
VA loans require a “funding fee,” an upfront cost based on your loan amount, your type of eligible service, your down payment size, and other factors.
Funding fees don’t need to be paid in cash, though. The VA allows the fee to be financed with the loan, so nothing is due at closing.
And, not all VA borrowers will pay it. VA funding fees are normally waived for veterans who receive VA disability compensation and for unmarried surviving spouses of veterans who died in service or as a result of a service-connected disability.
10. VA loans are assumable
Most VA loans are “assumable,” which means you can transfer your VA loan to a future home buyer if that person is also VA-eligible.
Assumable loans can be a huge benefit when you sell your home — especially in a rising mortgage rate environment.
If your home loan has today’s low rate and market rates rise in the future, the assumption features of your VA become even more valuable.
VA loan rates
The VA loan is viewed as one of the lowest-risk mortgage types available on the market.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
This safety allows banks to lend to veteran borrowers at lower interest rates.
Today’s VA loan rates*
Loan Type
Current Mortgage Rate
VA 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
VA 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
*Current rates provided daily by partners of the Mortgage Reports. See our loan assumptions here.
VA rates are more than 25 basis points (0.25%) lower than conventional rates on average, according to data collected by mortgage software company Ellie Mae.
Most loan programs require higher down payment and credit scores than the VA home loan. In the open market, a VA loan should carry a higher rate due to more lenient lending guidelines and higher perceived risk.
Yet the result of the Veterans Affairs efforts to keep veterans in their homes means lower risk for banks and lower borrowing costs for eligible veterans.
VA mortgage calculator
Eligibility
Am I eligible for a VA home loan?
Contrary to popular belief, VA loans are available not only to veterans, but also to other classes of military members.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
The list of eligible VA borrowers includes:
Active-duty service members
Members of the National Guard
Reservists
Surviving spouses of veterans
Cadets at the U.S. Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academy
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy
Officers at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
A minimum term of service is typically required.
Minimum service required for a VA mortgage
VA home loans are available to active-duty service members, veterans (unless dishonorably discharged), and in some cases, surviving family members.
To be eligible, you need to meet one of these service requirements:
You’ve served 181 days of active duty during peacetime
You’ve served 90 days of active duty during wartime
You’ve served six years in the Reserves or National Guard
Your spouse was killed in the line of duty and you have not remarried
Your eligibility for the VA home loan program never expires.
Veterans who earned their VA entitlement long ago are still using their benefit to buy homes.
The VA loan Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
What is a COE?
In order to show a mortgage company you are VA-eligible, you’ll need a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Your lender can acquire one for you online, usually in a matter of seconds.
Verify your VA home loan eligibility. Start here
How to get your COE (Certificate of Eligibility)
Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is very easy in most cases. Simply have your lender order the COE through the VA’s automated system. Any VA-approved lender can do this.
Alternatively, you can order your certificate yourself through the VA benefits portal.
If the online system is unable to issue your COE, you’ll need to provide your DD-214 form to your lender or the VA.
Does a COE mean you are guaranteed a VA loan?
No, having a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) doesn’t guarantee a VA loan approval.
Your COE shows the lender you’re eligible for a VA loan, but no one is guaranteed VA loan approval.
You must still qualify for the loan based on VA mortgage guidelines. The guarantee part of the VA loan refers to the VA’s promise to the lender of repayment if the borrower defaults.
Qualifying for a VA mortgage
VA loan eligibility vs. qualification
Being eligible for VA home loan benefits based on your military status or affiliation doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll qualify for a VA loan.
You still have to qualify for a VA mortgage based on your credit, debt, and income.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA has established no minimum credit score for a VA mortgage.
However, many VA mortgage lenders require minimum FICO scores of 620 or higher — so apply with many lenders if your credit score might be an issue.
Even VA lenders that allow lower credit scores don’t accept subprime credit.
VA underwriting guidelines state that applicants must have paid their obligations on time for at least the most recent 12 months to be considered satisfactory credit risks.
In addition, the VA usually requires a two-year waiting period following a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or foreclosure before it will insure a loan.
Borrowers in Chapter 13 must have made at least 12 on-time payments and secure the approval of the bankruptcy court.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
VA loan debt-to-income ratios
The relationship of your debts and your income is called your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI.
VA underwriters divide your monthly debts (car payments, credit cards, and other accounts, plus your proposed housing expense) by your gross (before-tax) income to come up with your debt-to-income ratio.
For instance:
If your gross income is $4,000 per month
And your total monthly debt is $1,500 (including the new mortgage, property taxes and homeowners insurance, plus other debt payments)
Then your DTI is 37.5% (1500/4000=0.375)
A DTI over 41% means the lender has to apply additional formulas to see if you qualify under residual income guidelines.
VA residual income rules
VA underwriters perform additional calculations that can affect your mortgage approval.
Factoring in your estimated monthly utilities, your estimated taxes on income, and the area of the country in which you live, the VA arrives at a figure which represents your “true” costs of living.
It then subtracts that figure from your income to find your residual income (e.g. your money “left over” each month).
Think of the residual income calculation as a real-world simulation of your living expenses.
It is the VA’s best effort to ensure that military families have a stress-free homeownership experience.
Here is an example of how residual income works, assuming a family of four which is purchasing a 2,000 square-foot home on a $5,000 monthly income.
Future house payment, plus other debt payments: $2,500
Monthly estimated income taxes: $1,000
Monthly estimated utilities at $0.14 per square foot: $280
This leaves a residual income calculation of $1,220.
Now, compare that residual income to for a family of four:
Northeast Region: $1,025
Midwest Region: $1,003
South Region: $1,003
West Region: $1,117
The borrower in our example exceeds VA’s residual income standards in all parts of the country.
Therefore, despite the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio of 50%, the borrower could get approved for a VA loan.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Qualifying for a VA loan with part-time income
You can qualify for this type of financing even if you have a part-time job or multiple jobs.
You must show a 2-year history of making consistent part-time income, and stability in the number of hours worked. The lender will make sure any income received appears stable. See our complete guide to getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed or work part-time.
VA funding fees and loan limits
About the VA funding fee
The VA charges an upfront fee to defray the costs of the program and make it sustainable for the future.
Veterans pay a lump sum that varies depending on the loan purpose and down payment amount.
The fee is normally wrapped into the loan. It does not add to the cash needed to close the loan.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
VA home purchase funding fees
Type of Military Service
Down Payment
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Use
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
None
2.3%
3.6%
5% or more
1.65%
1.65%
10% or more
1.4%
1.4%
VA cash-out refinance funding fees
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
2.3%
3.6%
VA streamline refinances (IRRRL) & assumptions
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
0.5%
0.5%
Manufactured home loans not permanently affixed
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
1.0%
1.0%
VA loan limits in 2024
VA loan limits have been repealed, thanks to the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019.
There is no maximum amount for which a home buyer can receive a VA loan, at least as far as the VA is concerned.
However, private lenders may set their own limits. So check with your lender if you are looking for a VA loan above local conforming loan limits.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Eligible property types
Houses you can buy with a VA loan
VA mortgages are flexible about what types of property you can and can’t purchase. A VA loan can be used to buy a:
Detached house
Condo
New-built home
Manufactured home
Duplex, triplex or four-unit property
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
You can also use a VA mortgage to refinance an existing loan for any of those types of properties.
VA loans and second homes
Federal regulations limit loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs to “primary residences” only.
However, “primary residence” is defined as the home in which you live “most of the year.”
Therefore, if you own an out-of-state residence in which you live for more than six months of the year, this other home, whether it’s your vacation home or retirement property, becomes your official “primary residence.”
For this reason, VA loans are popular among aging military borrowers.
Buying a multi-unit home with a VA loan
VA loans allow you to buy a duplex, triplex, or four-plex with 100% financing. You must live in one of the units.
Buying a home with more than one unit can be challenging.
Mortgage lenders consider these properties riskier to finance than traditional, single-family residences, so you’ll need to be a stronger borrower.
VA underwriters must make sure you will have enough emergency savings, or cash reserves, after closing on your house. That’s to ensure you’ll have money to pay your mortgage even if a tenant fails to pay rent or moves out.
The minimum cash reserves needed after closing is six months of mortgage payments (covering principal, interest, taxes, and insurance – PITI).
Your lender will also want to know about previous landlord experience you’ve had, or any experience with property maintenance or renting.
If you don’t have any, you may be able to sidestep that issue by hiring a property management company. But that’s up to the individual lender.
Your lender will look at the income (or potential income) of the rental units, using either existing rental agreements or an appraiser’s opinion of what the units should fetch.
They’ll usually take 75% of that amount to offset your mortgage payment when calculating your monthly expenses.
VA loans and rental properties
You cannot use a VA loan to buy a rental property. You can, however, use a VA loan to refinance an existing rental home you once occupied as a primary home.
For home purchases, in order to obtain a VA loan, you must certify that you intend to occupy the home as your principal residence.
If the property is a duplex, triplex, or four-unit apartment building, you must occupy one of the units yourself. Then you can rent out the other units.
The exception to this rule is the VA’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL).
This loan, also known as the VA Streamline Refinance, can be used for refinancing an existing VA loan on a home where you currently live or where you used to live, but no longer do.
Check your VA IRRRL eligibility. Start here
Buying a condo with a VA loan
The VA maintains a list of approved condo projects within which you may purchase a unit with a VA loan.
At VA’s website, you can search for the thousands of approved condominium complexes across the U.S.
If you are VA-eligible and in the market for a condo, make sure the unit you’re interested in is approved.
As a buyer, you are probably not able to get the complex VA-approved. That’s up to the management company or homeowner’s association.
If a condo you like is not approved, you must use other financing like an FHA or conventional loan or find another property.
Note that the condo must meet FHA or conventional guidelines if you want to use those types of financing.
Veteran mortgage relief with the VA loan
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, provides home retention assistance. The VA intervenes when a veteran is having trouble making home loan payments.
The VA works with loan servicers to offer loan options to the veteran, other than foreclosure.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
In fiscal year 2019, the VA made over 400,000 contact actions to reach borrowers and loan servicers. The intent was to work out a mutually agreeable repayment option for both parties.
More than 100,000 veteran homeowners avoided foreclosure in 2019 alone thanks to this effort.
The initiative has saved the taxpayer an estimated $2.6 billion. More importantly, vast numbers of veterans and military families got another chance at homeownership.
When NOT to use a VA loan
If you have good credit and 20% down
A primary advantage to VA home loans is the lack of mortgage insurance.
However, the VA guarantee does not come free of charge. Borrowers pay an upfront funding fee, which they usually choose to add to their loan amount.
The fee ranges from 1.4% to 3.6%, depending on the down payment percentage and whether the home buyer has previously used his or her VA mortgage eligibility. The most common fee is 2.3%.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
On a $200,000 purchase, a 2.3% fee equals $4,600.
However, buyers who choose a conventional mortgage and put 20% down get to avoid mortgage insurance and the upfront fee. For these military home buyers, the VA funding fee might be an unnecessary expense.
The exception: Mortgage applicants whose credit rating or income meets VA guidelines but not those of conventional mortgages may still opt for VA.
If you’re on the “CAIVRS” list
To qualify for a VA loan, you must prove you have made good on previous government-backed debts and that you have paid taxes.
The Credit Alert Verification Reporting System, or “CAIVRS,” is a database of consumers who have defaulted on government obligations. These individuals are not eligible for the VA home loan program.
If you have a non-veteran co-borrower
Veterans often apply to buy a home with a non-veteran who is not their spouse.
This is okay. However, it might not be their best choice.
As the veteran, your income must cover your half of the loan payment. The non-veteran’s income cannot be used to compensate for the veteran’s insufficient income.
Plus, when a non-veteran owns half the loan, the VA guarantees only half that amount. The lender will require a 12.5% down payment for the non-guaranteed portion.
The Conventional 97 mortgage, on the other hand, allows down payments as low as 3%.
Another low-down-payment mortgage option is the FHA home loan, for which 3.5% down is acceptable.
The USDA home loan also requires zero down payment and offers similar rates to VA loans. However, the property must be within USDA-eligible areas.
If you plan to borrow with a non-veteran, one of these loan types might be your better choice.
Explore your mortgage options. Start here
If you apply with a credit-challenged spouse
In states with community property laws, VA lenders must consider the credit rating and financial obligations of your spouse. This rule applies even if he or she will not be on the home’s title or even on the mortgage.
Such states are as follows.
Arizona
California
Idaho
Louisiana
Nevada
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
A spouse with less-than-perfect credit or who owes alimony, child support, or other maintenance can make your VA approval more challenging.
Apply for a conventional loan if you qualify for the mortgage by yourself. The spouse’s financial history and status need not be considered if he or she is not on the loan application.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
If you want to buy a vacation home or investment property
The purpose of VA financing is to help veterans and active-duty service members buy and live in their own home. This loan is not meant to build real estate portfolios.
These loans are for primary residences only, so if you want a ski cabin or rental, you’ll have to get a conventional loan.
If you want to purchase a high-end home
Starting January 2020, there are no limits to the size of mortgage a lender can approve.
However, lenders may establish their own limits for VA loans, so check with your lender before applying for a large VA loan.
Spouses and the VA mortgage program
What spouses are eligible for a VA loan?
What if the service member passes away before he or she uses the benefit? Eligibility passes to an unremarried spouse, in many cases.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
For the surviving spouse to be eligible, the deceased service member must have:
Died in the line of duty
Passed away as a result of a service-connected disability
Been missing in action, or a prisoner of war, for at least 90 days
Been a totally disabled veteran for at least 10 years prior to death, and died from any cause
Also eligible are remarried spouses who married after the age of 57, on or after December 16, 2003.
In these cases, the surviving spouse can use VA loan eligibility to buy a home with zero down payment, just as the veteran would have.
VA loan benefits for surviving spouses
Surviving spouses have an additional VA loan benefit, however. They are exempt from the VA funding fee. As a result, their loan balance and monthly payment will be lower.
Surviving spouses are also eligible for a VA streamline refinance when they meet the following guidelines.
The surviving spouse was married to the veteran at the time of death
The surviving spouse was on the original VA loan
VA streamline refinancing is typically not available when the deceased veteran was the only applicant on the original VA loan, even if he or she got married after buying the home.
In this case, the surviving spouse would need to qualify for a non-VA refinance, or a VA cash-out loan.
A cash-out mortgage through VA requires the military spouse to meet home purchase eligibility requirements.
If this is the case, the surviving spouse can tap into the home’s equity to raise cash for any purpose, or even pay off an FHA or conventional loan to eliminate mortgage insurance.
Qualifying if you receive (or pay) child support or alimony
Buying a home after a divorce is no easy task.
If, prior to your divorce, you lived in a two-income household, you now have less spending power and a reduced monthly income for purposes of your VA home loan application.
With less income, it can be harder to meet both the VA Home Loan Guaranty’s debt-to-income (DTI) guidelines and the VA residual income requirement for your area.
Receiving alimony or child support can counteract a loss of income.
Mortgage lenders will not require you to provide information about your divorce agreement’s alimony or child support terms, but if you’re willing to disclose, it can count toward qualifying for a home loan.
Different VA-approved lenders will treat alimony and child support income differently.
Typically, you will be asked to provide a copy of your divorce settlement or other court paperwork to support the alimony and child support payments.
Lenders will then want to see that the payments are stable, reliable, and likely to continue for another 36 months, at least.
You may also be asked to show proof that alimony and child support payments have been made in the past reliably, so that the lender may use the income as part of your VA loan application.
If you are the payor of alimony and child support payments, your debt-to-income ratio can be harmed.
Not only might you be losing the second income of your dual-income households, but you’re making additional payments that count against your outflows.
VA mortgage lenders make careful calculations with respect to such payments.
You can still get approved for a VA loan while making such payments — it’s just more difficult to show sufficient monthly income.
VA loan assumption
What is VA loan assumption?
One benefit for home buyers is that VA loans are assumable. When you assume a mortgage loan, you take over the current homeowner’s monthly payment.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
That could be a big advantage if mortgage rates have risen since the original owner purchased the home. The buyer would be able to acquire a low-rate, affordable loan — and it could make it easier for the seller to find a willing buyer in a tough market.
VA loan assumption savings
Buying a home via an assumable mortgage loan is even more appealing when interest rates are on the rise.
For example:
Say a seller-financed $200,000 for their home in 2013 at an interest rate of 3.25% on a 30-year fixed loan
Using this scenario, their principal and interest payment would be $898 per month
Let’s assume current 30-year fixed rates averaged 4.10%
If you financed $200,000 at 4.10% for a 30-year loan term, your monthly principal and interest payment would be $966 per month
Additionally, because the seller has already paid four years into the loan term, they’ve already paid nearly $25,000 in interest on the loan.
By assuming the loan, you would save $34,560 over the 30-year loan due to the difference in interest rates. You would also save roughly $25,000 thanks to the interest already paid by the sellers.
That comes out to a total savings of almost $60,000!
How to assume (take on) a VA loan
There are currently two ways to assume a VA loan.
The new buyer is a qualified veteran who “substitutes” his or her VA eligibility for the eligibility of the seller
The new home buyer qualifies through VA standards for the mortgage payment. This is the safest method for the seller as it allows the loan to be assumed knowing that the new buyer is responsible for the loan, and the seller is no longer responsible for the loan
The lender and/or the VA needs to approve a loan assumption.
Loans serviced by a lender with automatic authority may process assumptions without sending them to a VA Regional Loan Center.
For lenders without automatic authority, the loan must be sent to the appropriate VA Regional Loan Center for approval. This loan process will typically take several weeks.
When VA loans are assumed, it’s the servicer’s responsibility to make sure the homeowner who assumes the property meets both VA and lender requirements.
VA loan assumption requirements
For a VA mortgage assumption to take place, the following conditions must be met:
The existing loan must be current. If not, any past due amounts must be paid at or before closing
The buyer must qualify based on VA credit and income standards
The buyer must assume all mortgage obligations, including repayment to the VA if the loan goes into default
The original owner or new owner must pay a funding fee of 0.5% of the existing principal loan balance
A processing fee must be paid in advance, including a reasonable estimate for the cost of the credit report
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
Finding assumable VA loans
There are several ways for home buyers to find an assumable VA loan.
Believe it or not, print media is still alive and well. Some home sellers advertise their assumable home for sale in the newspaper, or in a local real estate publication.
There are a number of online resources for finding assumable mortgage loans.
Websites like TakeList.com and Zumption.com give homeowners a way to showcase their properties to home buyers looking to assume a loan.
With the help of the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), real estate agents remain a great resource for home buyers.
This applies to home buyers specifically searching for assumable VA loans as well.
How do I apply for a VA loan?
You can easily and quickly have a lender pull your certificate of eligibility (COE) to make sure you’re able to get a VA loan.
Most mortgage lenders offer VA home loans. So you’re free to shop and compare rates with just about any company that catches your eye.
Getting a VA loan for your new home is similar in many ways to securing any other purchase loan. Once you find an ideal home in your price range, you make a purchase offer, and then undergo VA appraisal and underwriting.
VA appraisal ensures that the home meets its minimum property requirements (MPRs) and is structurally sound and safe for occupancy.
What’s more, VA-specific mortgage lenders are actually some of the highest-rated (and lowest-priced) on the market. Here are a few we’d recommend checking out.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Automation, Pre-Approval, QC Products; Rent vs. Buy; More Proposed Paperwork for Lenders
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Automation, Pre-Approval, QC Products; Rent vs. Buy; More Proposed Paperwork for Lenders
By: Rob Chrisman
7 Hours, 10 Min ago
Saturday was George Thorogood’s 74th birthday, and fans know that he wrote the classic tale of rent collection, land ladies, and payment avoidance. Time flies, but that may change. We’re faced with an actual five-day workweek this week, with no Federal holidays until Memorial Day, May 27th, two months away! Yikes. Here in Houston at the TMBA’s Southern Secondary Conference, the attendees are already making use of what time they have, discussing best execution procedures, warehouse tactics, management strategies, economic trends, the market for servicing, and operational efficiencies. I’m a capital markets guy, so arguably learned math good. But I didn’t learn math like this! MBS versus cash sales pick-ups is always a favorite topic, although last year the market was deluged by excess servicing trades. Flow and bulk purchasers of HELOCs and 2nds is search being undertaken by some, as well as climate change and insurance cost increases. (Found here, this week’s podcast is brought to you by nCino, makers of the nCino Mortgage Suite for the modern mortgage lender. nCino Mortgage Suite’s three core products – nCino Mortgage, nCino Incentive Compensation, and nCino Mortgage Analytics – unite the people, systems, and stages of the mortgage process. Today’s has an interview with Yardsworth’s Matt Lucido on creative ways that homeowners can leverage their tappable equity, and how we can see more supply hit the market.)
Lender and Broker Services, Products, and Software
Promising Updated MBA Forecast: The MBA released their recent forecasted predictions on mortgage originations (1 to 4 family). A welcome sight is that they predict a 25+ percent increase in 2Q over 1Q 2024 and a 13 percent increase in 3Q over 2Q 2024. In addition, the 3Q 2024 prediction is nearly 22 percent higher than the same quarter in 2023’s actual originations. As volumes continue to rise quickly, having a solid quality control program is as important as ever in order to continue to produce quality loans while mitigating risk. Quest Advisors has nearly 30 years of experience in assisting mortgage lenders with their quality control needs. Examples of services Quest Advisors provides, are Post-Closing and Prefunding loan QC reviews, along with Servicing, HMDA, and MERS audits. To find out more information on how Quest Advisors can help, please reach out to Matthew Reich at (336) 404-1409.
Tired of paying costly Agency LLPAs for non-owner occupied (NOO) and second home loans? More than 150+ originators have signed up to receive daily mandatory bids and MAXEX is currently winning more than 10 percent of loans bid! Get competitive pricing from five leading non-agency buyers and underwrite to Agency guidelines while avoiding Agency LLPAs. It all seamlessly integrates with your existing bulk trading process. Visit maxex.com/conforming to learn more.
Get a Sweetheart Deal with Loan Stream’s February Specials on FHA/VA and Non-QM price improvements! Get 37.5 BPS Price Improvement on all FHA and VA, Low Balance, and High Balance >=680 FICO, excludes DPA and 25 BPS Price Improvement on FHA Streamlines/IRRRLS. Plus, a Non-QM Price Improvement of 50 BPS on all Non-QM, not including Closed End Seconds and Select Programs. Valid for loans locked 2/1/2024 through 2/29/2024. Terms/Conditions apply see our site and talk with your Account Executive.
“Everyone wants to make their borrowers sticky and we’ve got the Krazy Glue. I’m talking ‘gotta get to the emergency room to get your fingers unstuck’ kind of glue. It’s called QuickQual, it integrates with Encompass® by ICE Mortgage Technology™ and once you pre-approve your borrower, they’re coming back.
Just as Morpheus offered Neo the ultimate choice between reality and illusion in The Matrix, Dark Matter Technologies invites you to choose between the past and the future of mortgage lending in its “Choose Your LOS Experience” ad campaign. Take the blue pill and stay the course with old-school thinking and technology. Or take the red pill and join DMT to revolutionize your business with cutting-edge technology, unparalleled automation, and relentless innovation, as evidenced by the Empower® LOS and the AIVA® artificial intelligence solution. When it comes to your future, “choose wisely.” Schedule a demo with the Dark Matter team today to explore how the Empower LOS can transform your business.
Is More Paperwork Heading Our Way?
Do we need more rules and regulations and paperwork, or better rules and regulation and paperwork? The federal bank regulatory agencies announced their first of a series of requests for comment to reduce regulatory burden. The Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act of 1996 requires the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council and federal bank regulatory agencies to review their regulations every 10 years to identify any outdated or otherwise unnecessary regulatory requirements for their supervised institutions.
To facilitate this review, the agencies divided their regulations into 12 categories and are first soliciting comments on their regulations in three categories: Applications and Reporting, Powers and Activities, and International Operations. Comments on the relevant regulations will be accepted for 90 days after publication in the Federal Register.
But Ballard Spahr reports that on February 16, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Center (“FinCEN”) published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPRM”) regarding residential real estate. The final version of the NPRM published in the Federal Register is 47 pages long. We have created a separate document which more clearly sets forth the proposed regulations themselves, at 31 C.F.R. § 1031.320, here.
“FinCEN also has published a Fact Sheet regarding the NPRM, here. The Fact Sheet, slightly over four pages long, is helpful and walks through the basics of many of the proposed requirements. The NPRM proposes to impose a nation-wide reporting requirement for the details of residential real estate transactions, subject to some exceptions, in which the buyer is a covered entity or trust. Title agencies, escrow companies, settlement agents, and lawyers need to pay particular attention to the NPRM because, based on FinCEN’s “cascade” approach to who should be responsible for complying with the reporting requirements, these parties are the most likely to be responsible.
”Rent Versus Own” Economics
If you’re still paying off your mortgage, renting is likely cheaper than owning in each of the nation’s 50 largest metros. Median rent costs are lower than median homeowner costs for those with mortgages but higher than costs for homeowners without mortgages. LendingTree analyzed housing data to compare monthly rental and housing payments for homes with and without mortgages in the 50 largest metros in the U.S.
The difference between median housing costs for homes with a mortgage and median gross rent is $563 a month. The spread in costs between renting and owning a home with a mortgage is widest in the San Jose, Calif., San Francisco, and New York metros. The difference between the median monthly housing costs for homes with a mortgage and the median monthly gross rent in these metros is $1,341, $1,303, and $1,289, respectively. Phoenix, Orlando, Fla., Jacksonville, Fla., and Atlanta have the narrowest gaps between renting and owning a home with a mortgage. In Phoenix and Orlando, median gross rent costs are $87 and $145 less than median monthly housing costs for homes with a mortgage. In both Jacksonville and Atlanta, the difference is $216.
That said, Barron’s reports that, “Prospective buyers spent the President’s Day holiday last week window shopping, early data suggest. ‘Showing activity was strong,’ says Orphe Divounguy, a senior economist at Zillow, citing data from home tour software company Showingtime. Home touring activity was up 19.4% from the start of the year, pointing to a strong seasonal ramp-up.”
Capital Markets
Markets are known for “getting ahead of themselves,” and the latest example may be the “insatiable demand” for Nvidia’s artificial intelligence chips. The stock has shot up, resulting in the company briefly surpassing a $2 trillion valuation. But other equity prices have tagged along, boosting the general stock market.
That said, investors have been walking back expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts. Goldman Sachs, for example, has pushed back expectations for a Fed rate cut to June. If you like rates where they are, fine. If you’re hoping for lower rates to jump start your business in the near future, well…
The dominating market narrative recently has been that while interest rate cuts may be appropriate at some point this year, it is not likely to be anytime soon. Resilient economic growth and optimism that inflation will continue to fall in the face of high interest rates has fostered household demand, bolstered expectations the U.S. will avoid a downturn in the near term and forced investors to ratchet back bets on early rate cuts. Philadelphia Fed President Harker warned against betting on early rate cuts late last week, saying “I will signal my belief that we’re ready for a rate decrease when all the data, both the hard and the soft, give me that signal.” Pricing in fed funds futures has all but erased the chance of a March rate cut, and the chance of a cut in June is currently a coin-toss. Economists now see a 40 percent chance of recession in the next year, the lowest reading since mid-2022.
Last week was fairly quiet in terms of economic releases and the few that came out did nothing to change the current narrative of U.S. economic conditions. The Leading Economic Index declined 0.4 percent versus a -0.3 percent forecast and is now just two points above its April 2020 low. Historically, the prolonged decline observed in this data set predates a recession, but at the moment, it appears this recession signal is out of step with current economic conditions. Elsewhere, existing home sales rose 3.1 percent in January thanks in part to declining mortgage rates in December.
Since then, rates have moved back up towards 7 percent. The FOMC has repeatedly indicated it is in no hurry to begin reducing the fed funds rate until they are fully confident inflation is sustainably moving towards their 2 percent goal.
This week opens with $169 billion in month-end supply over the first two days along with the usual $309 billion in Treasury bills. There are several important economic releases with the highlight being the Fed-favorite PCE price index for January is on Thursday. We will also receive durable goods for January, home price indexes for December, consumer confidence for February, the second reading on Q4 GDP, Chicago PMI for February, January construction spending, and final February consumer sentiment.
The deadline for Congress to avert a partial government shutdown is Friday. Today starts quietly with new home sales for January, expected to register 680k versus 664k in December, Dallas Fed manufacturing business index for February, and remarks from the new Kansas City Fed President Schmid. The Treasury will auction $63 billion 2-year notes, $70 billion 6-month bills, $63 billion 5-year notes, and $79 billion 3-month bills. We begin the week with Agency MBS prices roughly unchanged from Friday’s close and the 10-year yielding 4.24 after closing last week at 4.26 percent. Helping ARM rates, the 2-year is down to 4.68 percent.
Jobs and Transitions
Logan Finance is hiring! Non-QM Account Executives are in high demand at Logan Finance, especially those of you in Florida. Contact us today to learn more. Speaking of hiring, Logan is happy to announce that Ryan Rathert and Sarah Gonzalez have joined the executive team as Chief of Staff and Chief Operating Officer, respectively. Ryan is a proven mortgage finance wizard and Sarah a renowned industry maven, so put your sunglasses on, because the future at Logan is bright! And the spotlight will be on Logan’s SVP Business Development, Paul Jones, as he presents “Discover the DSCR Difference with Logan Finance”, session #2 in the monthly series, “The Modern Non-QM Experience”. Join Paul on March 6 at 2pm ET. Register here. If you’re looking for a Non-QM career boost, send your resume or check out LoganWholesale.com and LoganCorrespondent.com for more information. Join Logan and become a #LoganLeader today.
“Don’t just close loans, close the gap on your potential. Kind Lending is seeking mortgage professionals with an entrepreneurial spirit and KIND mindset. We will provide a comprehensive catalog of loan products to serve your clients, along with advanced marketing and tech tools to grow your brand and exponentially expand your reach. You will be empowered to rewrite your success by leveraging the powerful tools available at your fingertips. It’s your business. We are here to fuel it. If you are ready to build win-win relationships with a company that values you and your growth, contact Traci Miller, National Talent Acquisition Manager.”
Click n’ Close, a multi-state mortgage lender serving consumers and mortgage originators through its wholesale and correspondent channels and formerly known as Mid America Mortgage, announced Polly Cracchiolo has joined the organization’s third-party originator (TPO) sales team as an account executive.
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