A bill intended to protect Nevada homeowners by labeling mortgage lending fraud a crime has led to a great deal of confusion and frustration for lenders and mortgage brokers statewide and beyond.
Assemblyman Marcus Conklin, D-Las Vegas, prime sponsor and author of “AB440”, said the bill was intended for consumer protection, not to “slow up the process for qualified people” attempting to purchase homes.
Per the bill, as of October 1, 2007 it will be an “unfair lending practice for a lender to: (b) Knowingly or intentionally make a home loan, other than a reverse mortgage, to a borrower, including, without limitation, a low-document home loan, no-document home loan or stated-document home loan, without determining, using any commercially reasonable means or mechanism, that the borrower has the ability to repay the home loan.”
Unfortunately, because the wording of the bill is somewhat vague, it was misinterpreted by lenders and mortgage brokers, many of whom believe stated income loans in Nevada will soon be illegal.
In fact, some banks and mortgage lenders have already stopped or have said they intend to stop originating “stated income” home loans in Nevada because of the verbiage in AB440.
But the truth is, AB440 was written to ensure homeowners are financially able to repay their mortgages, and simply asks that licensees discuss and document that ability to repay with borrowers before the loan process begins.
The hope is that fewer borrowers will end up in home loans they aren’t qualified for, reducing the number of loan defaults and foreclosure proceedings in the state.
In an effort to clear up the confusion, a letter from Mortgage Lending Division Commissioner Joseph L. Waltuch was addressed to licensed mortgage brokers and bankers on September 13. Here is an excerpt:
“AB 440 does not prohibit specific mortgage products or types of documentation that may be utilized in the making or underwriting of home loans. Instead, AB 440 recognizes, and specifically defines, “low-document”, “stated-document” and “no-document” home loans.”
Many licensees were led to believe that stated income loans would be banished in Nevada, but as this letter states, no loan programs or loan documentation types will be explicitly prohibited.
In fact, the Mortgage Lending Division of Nevada has made it fairly simple for licensees to comply with the new law, by asking that they fill out a worksheet in good faith to ensure they have discussed with homeowners the ability to repay the loan.
“It is also important that licensees document for examination purposes that these discussions and verifications have occurred. One suggested method for doing so would be the completion of a worksheet for each home loan…”
The “Division” said it will also allow other methods of determining a borrower’s ability to repay, “as long as they are reasonable and frequently used within the lending community.”
The new bill should actually protect both homeowners and loan originators, as it will document the fact that a detailed discussion took place to ensure both parties were clear on the terms of the loan, which could prevent homeowners from blaming brokers and loan officers for improper loan disclosure.
However, one downside is that the confusion associated with the bill may drive more lenders away from the state, and could prove to be problematic for the many borrowers in Nevada who earn much of their income from tips, which is often difficult to state and/or document.
Nevada posted the highest foreclosure rate in the United States in July, a whopping one filing per 199 households, three times the national average.
The state reported 5,116 filings during July, an increase of 8% from June.
According to state officials and the Nevada Association of Mortgage Professionals, “Stated income” loans account for a quarter of all home loans in Nevada, and roughly half of the loans in the Las Vegas area.
Our experts answer readers’ home-buying questions and write unbiased product reviews (here’s how we assess mortgages). In some cases, we receive a commission from our partners; however, our opinions are our own.
Veterans United is currently the largest lender of VA loans, and it earned “best overall” in our guide to the best VA mortgage lenders. It’s a good option for several types of mortgages — though VA loans are its strongest products. It also offers free credit counseling for those who don’t yet meet its credit requirements, making it a good lender for borrowers with poor credit scores.
Veterans United Home Loans
Insider’s Rating
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4.75/5
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Perks
Offers free assistance to borrowers with poor credit scores
Recommended Credit
620
Types of Loans Offered
Conforming, jumbo, FHA, USDA, VA, refinance
Pros
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Can apply online or at a branch
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Isn’t limited to just VA mortgages
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Free credit counseling
Cons
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No home equity loan, HELOC, reverse mortgage, or construction loan
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Can’t see customized interest rates online
Insider’s Take
Veterans United is currently the largest lender of VA loans, and it earned “best overall” in our guide to the best VA mortgage lenders. It’s a good option for several types of mortgages — though VA loans are its strongest products.
Product Details
Offers mortgages in all 50 US states and Washington, DC
Branches in 18 US states
Refinancing options for VA, conforming, and jumbo mortgages
Minimum credit score listed is for VA mortgages, which usually do not require a down payment
Veterans United Home Loans: Overall Lender Rating
Veterans United Home Loans: Pros and Cons
Veterans United Home Loans Mortgage Rates and Fees
You can see sample VA mortgage rates for different credit score ranges on the Veterans United website. But you’ll need to fill out a form or contact customer support to see rates for other types of mortgages, or to get a personalized rate.
Veterans United rates are competitive with what other VA loan lenders offer. It may charge origination, application, processing, or underwriting fees — but it depends on your specific circumstance.
How Veterans United Home Loans Compare
Veterans United vs. Navy Federal Credit Union mortgages
You’ll want to choose Veterans United for an FHA or USDA mortgage, because Navy Federal doesn’t have these types of loans.
Navy Federal offers a variety of mortgage types specifically for military members and veterans, though. Its Military Choice and Homebuyers Choice programs offer 0% down mortgages for those who have exhausted their VA loan benefit or borrowers who don’t qualify for a VA loan.
Veterans United vs. USAA mortgages
USAA only offers VA mortgages, and you can get either a regular VA loan or a jumbo VA loan with this lender. USAA earned a high score in J.D. Power’s 2023 Mortgage Origination Satisfaction Study, though it didn’t rank because it doesn’t meet study criteria.
If you have a rocky credit history, Veterans United would likely be the better option, since it offers free assistance to borrowers looking to improve their scores so they can obtain preapproval.
How Veterans United Home Loans work
Veterans United specializes in VA mortgages, but it also offers:
It can be hard to find information for non-VA loans on the website, but you can read about all its other options here.
If you want to refinance a VA mortgage, you can choose between a VA IRRRL refinance or cash-out refinance. You can also refinance your conforming, jumbo, FHA, or USDA mortgage.
The company doesn’t have home equity loans, HELOCs, reverse mortgages, or construction loans.
You can apply for a mortgage through Veterans United online from anywhere in the US. It also has branches in the following 18 states:
Alabama
Alaska
California
Colorado
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Kentucky
Nebraska
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington
You can email customer support or talk to someone over the phone 24/7.
Is Veterans United Home Loans Trustworthy?
The Better Business Bureau gives Veterans United an A+ rating. A strong BBB score indicates a company responds effectively to customer complaints, advertises honestly, and is transparent about business practices.
Veterans United doesn’t have any recent public scandals.
Veterans United has a high score in the J.D. Power 2023 Primary Mortgage Origination Satisfaction Survey. Veterans United actually doesn’t qualify to rank because it doesn’t meet certain criteria, but J.D. Power notes that the lender would rank highly if it was eligible.
This lender also has a lot of positive online customer reviews. On its Zillow lender profile, it earned a 4.78 out of 5 stars based on over 5,000 customer reviews. On TrustPilot, it has a 4.9 out of 5 star rating based on over 10,000 customer reviews.
Veterans United Home Loans FAQs
The lender is a good option for several types of mortgages, especially VA mortgages. It’s also worth considering if you have a low credit score, or none at all. Veterans United may let you apply with alternative credit data, such as proof that you pay bills on time.
Veterans United may charge lender fees, such as an application or origination fee — not all lenders charge these types of fees. However, your closing costs depend on various factors, including where you live, how much the home costs, and which type of mortgage you get.
Yes, Veterans United is a direct lender. This means it originates its own loans, as opposed to a mortgage broker, which connects borrowers with multiple lenders to find the best match.
Laura Grace Tarpley, CEPF
Personal Finance Reviews Editor
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While it’s common for young, prospective homeowners to live with mom and dad to save money for their down payment and future mortgage payments, there’s a potential downside.
Banks and mortgage lenders can sometimes decline applicants without adequate rental history. This is especially true if you have other issues, such as poor credit or shaky employment.
Though it makes perfect sense to live at home to save money on things such as rent, groceries, utilities and the like, it does little to prove you’ll be a sound borrower once you finally do move out.
Going from living with mom and dad to paying thousands per month is a big step. Lenders will want to know you can handle it.
And though you might get approved for a mortgage without rental history, it can be helpful regardless to prepare you for homeownership.
Rental History Is Important to Predict Future Payment Behavior
When you apply for a mortgage, the bank or lender will dig into your financial history, whether it’s in the form of credit cards, auto loans, or a previous lease. If you fail to provide these things, they’ll be hesitant to lend to you.
In short, if you want to qualify for a mortgage, it’s best to rent first so you have the ability to document that rent for at least a year. Doing so will also prepare you for the responsibility of homeownership.
Sure, you can ask mommy or daddy to co-sign for you, but if you don’t have that luxury, don’t assume you’ll get financing for that dream home you’ve got your eye on unless you can provide a VOR (Verification of Rent) or cancelled checks for the previous 12 months.
And no, providing a VOR from a family member won’t fly in most cases, even if you insist that you pay your parents rent each month. It really doesn’t make sense from the lender’s point of view. You’ll need cancelled checks or something that actually proves the rent was paid.
Living Rent-Free Prior to Applying for a Mortgage
If you don’t have a current housing payment and suddenly take on a mortgage payment of several thousand dollars a month, banks and mortgage lenders are going to bet you may struggle to make your mortgage payment each month.
In reality, they won’t really know without anything to go on, but they’ll err on the side of caution.
This theory is known as payment shock, and is generally defined as an increase in your monthly housing payment beyond 200%. In other words, if your payment more than doubles, you’re automatically labeled a risky borrower.
Let’s look at an example:
Borrower A Current housing payment living at home: $0 Proposed mortgage payment: $2,500
Borrower B Current housing payment: $1,500 Proposed mortgage payment: $2,750
As you can see, Borrower B will be favored for mortgage financing over Borrower A based on rental history alone.
If you insist upon living at home and/or rent-free prior to applying for a mortgage, it may not be a problem if you are otherwise qualified.
Most home loans, including those backed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the FHA, VA, and USDA, are pushed through automated underwriting systems these days.
As such, rental history documentation may only be required if the system flags it.
This is typically the case if you have limited credit history or bad rental history that somehow shows up in your file.
For example, if you only have one credit card to your name, the system may want to know more about your rental history.
Conversely, if you’ve got excellent credit and deep credit history, the system may not ask for rental history. However, the underwriter could still ask for clarification or a letter of explanation.
You May Still Need to Explain Yourself
Ultimately, they’ll still want to know what you were doing before you made an offer on a piece of property, they just won’t scrutinize it as much. And that can be a good thing!
If you apply for an FHA loan and have been living with mom and dad, they’ll simply ask that you provide documentation from the property owner that you have in fact been living rent-free and the amount of time you’ve been doing so.
Assuming you pay a relative or friend rent each month, it might be advisable to pay via check so you can provide cancelled checks in the event they are required. It’s pretty difficult to prove you paid in cash.
Additionally, it’s important to have other credit tradelines, such as credit cards, auto loans, student loans, etc. to show lenders you have some credit history if you lack rental history.
Aside from potentially getting denied, you may be subject to stricter underwriting guidelines if you’re unable to document rental history, such as a lower maximum DTI ratio.
The good news is with more and more first-time home buyers living at home prior to applying for their first mortgage, this issue is becoming less of a roadblock.
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If you’re having a tough time getting home loan financing using a mortgage broker or a local mortgage lender, consider contacting a portfolio lender directly to close your mortgage.
They can offer solutions that others cannot, and may have just what you’re looking for. For example, a portfolio lender may be willing to offer you a no-down payment mortgage while others are only able to give you a loan up to 97% loan-to-value (LTV).
The same might be true if you have bad credit, a high DTI ratio, or any other number of issues that could block you from obtaining traditional mortgage financing.
What Is a Portfolio Loan?
A home loan unique to the lender offering it
That comes with special terms or features
Other mortgage lenders do not offer
It is kept on the bank’s books as opposed to being sold to investors
In short, a “portfolio loan” is one that is kept in the bank or mortgage lender’s loan portfolio, meaning it isn’t sold off on the secondary market.
By servicing the loans themselves and keeping them in portfolio, these lenders are able to take on greater amounts of risk, or finance loans that are outside the credit box because they don’t need to be resold to investors with specific underwriting guidelines.
These companies have the ability to bend the rules when they see a deal worth doing, whereas mortgage lenders that must adhere to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the FHA have very little wiggle room.
You see, most loans that are sold off are backed by Fannie and Freddie, or the FHA in the case of FHA loans, so very rigid underwriting standards must be met without exception.
Portfolio lenders, on the other hand, can create their own underwriting guidelines because they aren’t at the mercy of an outside agency if they’re actually willing (and able) to keep the loans they make.
A lot of small and mid-size lenders don’t have the same authority because they must sell their loans off on the secondary mortgage market due to liquidity constraints. And investors are becoming increasingly selective as to which loans are actually purchased.
Who Owns My Home Loan?
Most home loans are sold shortly after origination
So the bank that funded your loan likely won’t service it
Look out for paperwork from a new loan servicer after your loan funds
Unless it’s a portfolio loan
Many mortgages today are originated by one entity, such as a mortgage broker or mortgage lender, and then quickly resold to investors who earn money from the repayment of the loan over time.
Gone are the days of the neighborhood bank offering you a mortgage and expecting you to repay it over 30 years, culminating in you walking down to the branch with your final payment in hand. Well, there might be some, but it’s now the exception rather than the rule.
In fact, this is part of the reason why the mortgage crisis took place in the early 2000s. Because originators no longer kept the home loans they made, they were happy to take on more risk.
After all, if they weren’t the ones holding the loans, it didn’t matter how they performed, so long as they were underwritten based on acceptable standards. They received their commission for closing the loan, not based on loan performance.
Today, you’d be lucky to have your originating bank hold your mortgage for more than a month. And this can be frustrating, especially when determining where to send your first mortgage payment. Or when attempting to do your taxes and receiving multiple form 1098s.
This is why you have to be especially careful when you purchase a home with a mortgage or refinance your existing mortgage. The last thing you’ll want to do is miss a monthly payment right off the bat.
So keep an eye out for a loan ownership change form in the mail shortly after your mortgage closes. If your loan is sold, it will spell out the new loan servicer’s contact information, as well as when your first payment to them is due.
Portfolio Loans May Solve Your Financing Problem
Large loan amount?
High DTI
Low credit score
Recent credit event such as short sale or foreclosure
Late mortgage payment
Own multiple investment properties
Need an asset-based income loan
Now back to portfolio loans. If you’re having a tough time getting approved for a mortgage, or finding a particular type of loan, consider a portfolio lender.
As noted, these types of mortgage lenders can offer things the competition can’t because they’re willing to keep the loans on their books, instead of relying on an investor to buy the loans shortly after origination.
They also offer mortgages that fall outside the guidelines of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the FHA, the VA, and the USDA.
That’s why you might hear that a friend or family member was able to get their mortgage refinanced with U.S. Bank or a similar portfolio lender despite having a low credit score or a high LTV.
So if you’re in need of a $5 million jumbo loan, or an interest-only mortgage, or something else that might be considered unique, look to portfolio lending to solve your financing woes.
They may also be able to work with you if you’ve experienced a recent credit event, such as a late mortgage payment, a short sale, or a foreclosure. Really, anything that falls outside the box might be considered by one of these lenders.
Some of the largest portfolio lenders include Chase, U.S. Bank, and Wells Fargo, but there are many smaller players like Bank of Internet, BancorpSouth, Caliber Home Loans, and Wintrust Mortgage.
Portfolio Loan Rates
Portfolio mortgage rates may be higher
Than typical home loan rates
Because the loan programs aren’t necessarily available everywhere
Meaning you may pay for the added flexibility
Now let’s talk about portfolio loan mortgage rates, which as you might suspect, may not be as low as the competition.
Ultimately, many mortgages originated today are commodities because they tend to fit the same underwriting guidelines of an outside agency like Fannie, Freddie, and the FHA.
As such, the differentiating factor is often rate and closing costs, since they’re all basically selling the same thing. You may also see customer service, or in the case of Rocket Mortgage by Quicken Loans, a quirky ad campaign and some unique technology.
For portfolio lenders who offer a truly unique product, loan pricing could be entirely up to them, within what is reasonable. If the loan program is really special, and only offered by them, expect rates significantly higher than what a typical market rate might be.
If their portfolio home loan program is just slightly more flexible than what the agencies mentioned above allow, mortgage rates may be comparable or just a bit higher.
It really depends on your particular loan scenario, how risky it is, if others lenders offer similar financing, and so on.
At the end of the day, a portfolio loan is a solution that isn’t offered by every bank, so you should go into it expecting a higher rate. But if you can get the deal done, it might be a win regardless.
Mortgage interest rates were mostly down compared to a week ago, according to data compiled by Bankrate. Rates for 30-year fixed, 5/1 ARMs and jumbo loans decreased, while rates for 15-year fixed mortgages increased.
Mortgage rates could gradually come down this year, according to Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate chief financial analyst. Mortgage rates cooled at the tail end of 2023 with the Federal Reserve pausing its campaign of rate hikes to tame inflation. The central bank now expects to cut rates in 2024 — a direction that would affect many areas of the economy, including on the 10-year Treasury, a key benchmark for fixed-rate mortgages.
“The 10-year Treasury yield that serves as a baseline for fixed mortgage rates will have a bouncy journey lower, moving back above 4 percent early in 2024 but trending lower as inflation cools and the Fed gets closer to cutting rates,” says McBride. “For mortgage rates, that portends a general downtrend — albeit with fits and starts — in 2024.”
Rates accurate as of January 31, 2024.
The rates listed here are averages based on the assumptions here. Actual rates displayed on-site may vary. This story has been reviewed by Suzanne De Vita. All rate data accurate as of Wednesday, January 31st, 2024 at 7:30 a.m.
30-year fixed-rate mortgage moves down, -0.07%
The average rate you’ll pay for a 30-year fixed mortgage today is 6.96 percent, down 7 basis points from a week ago. This time a month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage was higher, at 7.06 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $662.62 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s down $4.70 from what it would have been last week.
Use Bankrate’s mortgage rate calculator to estimate your monthly payments and see how much you’ll save by adding extra payments. The tool will also help you calculate how much interest you’ll pay over the life of your loan.
15-year mortgage rate advances, +0.01%
The average rate for a 15-year fixed mortgage is 6.49 percent, up 1 basis point since the same time last week.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed mortgage at that rate will cost around $871 per $100,000 borrowed. The bigger payment may be a little tougher to find room for in your monthly budget than a 30-year mortgage payment, but it comes with some big advantages: You’ll save thousands of dollars over the life of the loan in total interest paid and build equity much more quickly.
5/1 ARM moves down, -0.01%
The average rate on a 5/1 adjustable rate mortgage is 6.12 percent, ticking down 1 basis point from a week ago.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, are mortgage loans that come with a floating interest rate. In other words, the interest rate will change at regular intervals, unlike fixed-rate mortgages. These loan types are best for people who expect to sell or refinance before the first or second adjustment. Rates could be substantially higher when the loan first adjusts, and thereafter.
While borrowers shunned ARMs during the pandemic days of super-low rates, this type of loan has made a comeback as mortgage rates have risen.
Monthly payments on a 5/1 ARM at 6.12 percent would cost about $607 for each $100,000 borrowed over the initial five years, but could climb hundreds of dollars higher afterward, depending on the loan’s terms.
Jumbo mortgage rate falls, -0.06%
The average rate for the benchmark jumbo mortgage is 7.00 percent, down 6 basis points over the last week. A month ago, the average rate for jumbo mortgages was greater than 7.00, at 7.13 percent.
At the average rate today for a jumbo loan, you’ll pay a combined $665.30 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s $4.04 lower, compared with last week.
Refinance rates
Current 30 year mortgage refinance rate slides, -0.02%
The average 30-year fixed-refinance rate is 7.16 percent, down 2 basis points over the last seven days. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed refinance was higher, at 7.21 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $676.08 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s $1.35 lower, compared with last week.
Where are mortgage rates going?
The Federal Reserve has signaled that it intends to cut rates in 2024, depending on inflation and employment data and other factors. The Fed meets again on Jan. 31.
As of mid-January, the average 30-year fixed rate mortgage sits at just under 7 percent. As the year progresses, expect rates to slowly trend downward, says McBride.
“Mortgage rates will spend the bulk of the year in the 6s, with movement below 6 percent confined to the back half of the year,” says McBride.
The rates on 30-year mortgages mostly follow the 10-year treasury, which shifts continuously as economic conditions dictate, while the cost of variable-rate home loans mirror the Fed’s moves. These broader factors influence overall rate movement. As a borrower, you could be quoted a higher or lower rate compared to the trend.
What today’s rates mean for you and your mortgage
While mortgage rates change daily, it’s unlikely we’ll see rates back at 3 percent any time soon. If you’re shopping for a mortgage now, it might be wise to lock your rate when you find an affordable loan. If your house-hunt is taking longer than anticipated, revisit your budget so you’ll know exactly how much house you can afford at prevailing market rates.
Keep in mind: You could save thousands over the life of your mortgage by getting at least three loan offers, according to Freddie Mac research. You don’t have to stick with your bank or credit union, either. There are many types of mortgage lenders, including online-only and local, smaller shops.
“All too often, some [homebuyers] take the path of least resistance when seeking a mortgage, in part because the process of buying a home can be stressful, complicated and time-consuming,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst for Bankrate. “But when we’re talking about the potential of saving a lot of money, seeking the best deal on a mortgage has an excellent return on investment. Why leave that money on the table when all it takes is a bit more effort to shop around for the best rate, or lowest cost, on a mortgage?”
More on current mortgage rates
Methodology
Bankrate displays two sets of rate averages that are produced from two surveys we conduct: one daily (“overnight averages”) and the other weekly (“Bankrate Monitor averages”).
The rates on this page represent our overnight averages. For these averages, APRs and rates are based on no existing relationship or automatic payments.
Learn more about Bankrate’s rate averages, editorial guidelines and how we make money.
Reverse mortgages can be an attractive option for seniors who want to supplement their retirement income, pay off debts, or make home improvements. However, they should be carefully considered as they can have significant financial and legal implications.
Here’s how reverse mortgages work, the pros and cons, and what to consider before deciding if it’s right for you.
What is a reverse mortgage?
A reverse mortgage offers a unique financial option for homeowners aged 62 and older, enabling them to utilize the equity in their home without the obligation to make monthly mortgage payments.
Through this arrangement, homeowners have the flexibility to receive funds in several ways: a single lump sum, as ongoing monthly payments, or through a line of credit that can be accessed as needed. The defining characteristic of a reverse mortgage is its payment structure; rather than the homeowner paying the lender, the lender pays the homeowner based on the equity built up in the home.
This type of loan is specifically designed for seniors looking for additional income streams during retirement, leveraging the equity they have accumulated in their property over the years. The loan balance, including interest and fees, is deferred until the home is sold, the homeowner permanently relocates, or in the event of the homeowner’s death, at which point the estate is responsible for repayment.
Understanding How a Reverse Mortgage Works
Reverse mortgages enable senior homeowners to access their home’s equity in a flexible and strategic manner. This financial tool is especially beneficial for those who wish to remain in their home while supplementing their retirement income, covering healthcare expenses, or funding home improvements, all without the requirement to make monthly loan repayments. The process is straightforward and designed to provide seniors with financial relief by tapping into the value of their most significant asset—their home.
Step 1: Assess Your Eligibility
To kick things off, confirm your eligibility for a reverse mortgage. Requirements include being at least 62 years old, owning your home (or at least having a significant amount of equity in it), and using the home as your primary residence. You’ll also need to demonstrate that you can handle ongoing costs like property taxes, homeowners’ insurance, and regular maintenance.
Step 2: Calculate Your Home Equity
Your home’s equity is central to determining your reverse mortgage potential. Simply, it’s the difference between your home’s market value and any outstanding mortgage balance. The greater your equity, the more you might receive from a reverse mortgage.
Step 3: Select the Right Reverse Mortgage Product
Explore the different types of reverse mortgages available, including the federally insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), proprietary reverse mortgages for higher-value homes, and single-purpose reverse mortgages from certain state and local governments. Each type caters to specific needs and financial scenarios.
Step 4: Get a Professional Home Appraisal
An essential step in the process is obtaining a professional appraisal of your home. This assessment determines your home’s market value based on factors such as location, condition, and the sale prices of similar homes nearby.
Step 5: Undergo Counseling
A crucial step is to undergo counseling from a HUD-approved agency. This ensures you fully understand the reverse mortgage process, its financial implications, and how it fits into your overall estate planning.
Step 6: Decide How You’ll Receive the Funds
Reverse mortgages offer several options for receiving your funds: as a lump sum, in monthly payments, as a line of credit, or a mix of these methods. Your choice should align with your financial objectives and needs.
Step 7: Know When and How Repayment Works
No monthly payments are required with a reverse mortgage. The loan is repaid when the last borrower dies, sells the home, or the home is no longer used as the primary residence. Typically, the home is sold, and the proceeds are used to pay off the loan balance, including interest and fees.
Real-Life Example: Maximizing Loan Amount Through Equity
Imagine homeowners John and Mary, who own a home worth $300,000 clear of any mortgage. They qualify for a reverse mortgage that grants them access to $150,000. Opting for monthly payments, they supplement their retirement income, demonstrating how equity determines borrowing capacity and the flexibility in receiving funds.
Choosing the Right Type of Reverse Mortgage
When considering a reverse mortgage, it’s crucial to understand the different types available to you. Each type comes with its own set of features, benefits, and limitations.
Here, we’ll delve into the three primary types of reverse mortgages: the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), proprietary reverse mortgages, and single-purpose reverse mortgages. By comparing these options, you can make a more informed decision that aligns with your financial situation and retirement goals.
Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
Pros:
Federally insured, offering a layer of security.
Flexible payout options, including lump sum, line of credit, or fixed monthly payments.
Can be used for any purpose, without restrictions.
Cons:
Higher upfront costs, including mortgage insurance premiums.
Requires counseling from a HUD-approved agency, which may be seen as an extra step.
The loan amount is capped, which may limit access to equity for homeowners with higher-valued properties.
Proprietary Reverse Mortgages
Pros:
Designed for higher-valued homes, potentially offering access to more significant loan amounts.
May have lower upfront costs than HECMs.
Not subject to the same insurance and borrowing limits as HECMs, offering more flexibility.
Cons:
Not federally insured, which might pose additional risks.
May come with higher interest rates and fees.
Less regulatory oversight, requiring thorough due diligence by the borrower.
Single-Purpose Reverse Mortgages
Pros:
Typically the lowest cost option available.
Offered by state and local government agencies and some non-profits, intended for a specific purpose like home repairs or property taxes.
Interest rates may be lower than other reverse mortgages.
Cons:
Limited availability, as not all states and municipalities offer them.
The loan must be used for a specific, lender-approved purpose.
Not suitable for those looking for flexibility in how they use their funds.
Making the Right Choice
Choosing the right type of reverse mortgage depends on several factors, including your financial needs, the value of your home, and how you plan to use the funds. HECMs offer flexibility and security, but come with higher costs.
Proprietary reverse mortgages can provide access to larger sums for those with high-value homes but lack the insurance and sometimes the stability of HECMs. Single-purpose reverse mortgages are cost-effective for specific needs but offer limited flexibility.
Before deciding, it’s recommended to consult with a financial advisor or a HUD-approved counselor. They can provide personalized advice based on your financial situation and help you navigate the complexities of each option, ensuring you choose the reverse mortgage that best fits your retirement planning needs.
Eligibility Criteria for Reverse Mortgages
The FHA insures certain reverse mortgages, as long as borrowers meet certain requirements:
Be at least 62 years of age.
Live in the home as a primary residence (or your spouse, listed on the mortgage, must live in the home.)
Be capable of paying property taxes and homeowners insurance, as well as other maintenance costs and fees while you live in the home.
Meet FHA property requirements for the home.
Are you willing to attend a counseling session about home equity conversion mortgages (HECMs).
There are no delinquent federal debts on your account.
You’re more likely to get the money you need if you own your home outright, or if your loan balance is small so that you have a great deal of equity.
Reverse Mortgage Borrowing Limits
When you apply for a reverse mortgage loan, your lender will consider a few factors that will influence the amount of money you receive, including:
Your age
Value of your home
Equity available in your home
Interest rate
FHA mortgage limit for home equity conversion mortgages
Whether your fees are rolled into the loan
How you choose to receive your money
The older you are, and the more equity you have in your home, the more you’re likely to be approved for. Keep in mind, too, that fees associated with reverse mortgages are often much higher than fees for other types of home equity loans. That’s going to eat into how much you actually receive — even if you have a lot of equity in your home.
One of the perks of FHA-insured reverse mortgages is the fact that you don’t have to pay back more than the home is worth. So, if the value drops, and you owe more than it’s worth, you (or your heirs) might have to sign a deed in lieu of foreclosure turning it over to the bank. This is one reason many reverse mortgage lenders won’t actually lend you the entire amount of your equity.
You can use the money for whatever you want, whether it’s paying off debt, covering living expenses, or going on a vacation.
Accessing Your Reverse Mortgage Funds
If you get a fixed-rate reverse mortgage, you’ll receive a lump-sum payment. You can then take that money and do whatever you want with it. However, when it runs out, it’s gone. Some retirees use a lump sum to fund a retirement investment portfolio or purchase an immediate annuity. Others use the money to pay off debts or cover other expenses.
With an adjustable-rate HECM, you have different options available. You can choose to receive set monthly payments for a specific period of time or get payments for as long as you or an eligible spouse live in a house.
If you choose an open-ended payment schedule, you’ll likely get a smaller amount each month. However, you can be reasonably sure that you’ll continue to receive money until you pass on or move into a long-term care facility. With a fixed-term payment schedule, you could see higher cash flow every month. However, you run the risk of outliving the payments and trying to figure out what to do next.
Finally, you can also choose to use your reverse mortgage as a line of credit. You can withdraw funds as needed, up to the credit limit. This is a little more flexible and can be useful if you have other sources of income, and just want the HECM in case you need to fill a gap on occasion.
Pros and Cons of a Reverse Mortgage
If you’re considering a reverse mortgage, it’s a good idea to start with an FHA-approved lender so you receive protection. You can use an online locator to find a counselor who can help you with the process, or you can call 800-569-4287.
Carefully consider the pros and cons, too.
Pros
There are some ways to benefit from a home equity conversion mortgage that you wouldn’t see with a more “traditional” home equity loan.
No monthly payments as a borrower
Improve monthly cash flow
Pay off debt (including an existing mortgage on the home)
Non-borrowing spouse can remain in the home
Loan is paid off by selling the house when you pass on or move out
Cons
While a home equity conversion mortgage might seem like a no-brainer, there are some downsides to consider before you proceed.
High closing costs and other fees
You might not be able to pass the home on to your heirs
Costs associated with property taxes, mortgage insurance, and maintenance must still be paid
You’re draining a major asset—and you might still outlive your money
How to Spot and Avoid Reverse Mortgage Scams
Scams related to reverse mortgages are a serious concern, as they often target vulnerable seniors who may be seeking financial relief or have cognitive impairments. These scams can come in the form of dishonest vendors or contractors who promise home improvements in exchange for a reverse mortgage. However, they then either fail to deliver quality work or outright steal the homeowner’s money.
Similarly, family members, caregivers, and financial advisors may use a power of attorney to obtain a reverse mortgage on a senior’s home and then steal the proceeds. They may also try to convince seniors to buy financial products that they can only afford through a reverse mortgage, which may not always be in the senior’s best interest.
It’s important to be cautious and do thorough research to protect yourself from these types of scams.
Is a reverse mortgage right for you?
With a reverse mortgage, you can use your home as an asset if you know you’ll stay in it for a long time and need a little extra income for retirement. Borrowers who don’t intend to pass the home to heirs may benefit financially from the home during retirement. That is, as long as you can keep up with the costs of maintaining the home and pay property taxes.
In contrast, getting a reverse mortgage loan might not make sense if you can’t afford home maintenance or if you wish to leave your home to your heirs. When you’re no longer living in the home, your heirs will need to sell the home to pay off the loan. If not, they’ll have to pay the loan themselves to keep the house. If there’s enough money in the estate to pay it off, it will reduce how much ready cash they receive when you pass on.
Carefully consider your situation and your priorities before you decide to get a reverse mortgage. Then, make the decision most likely to benefit you in retirement and increase the chance that you’ll outlive your money.
National mortgage rates were mostly down compared to a week ago, according to rates data collected by Bankrate. Average rates for 30-year fixed, 5/1 ARMs and jumbo loans receded, while rates for 15-year mortgages increased.
Mortgage rates could gradually come down this year, according to Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate chief financial analyst. Rates began retreating in the back half of 2023 as inflation continued to cool and the Federal Reserve halted rate increases. The central bank now forecasts rate cuts in 2024 — a move that would have broad economic impact, including on the 10-year Treasury, a key benchmark for fixed-rate mortgages.
“The 10-year Treasury yield that serves as a baseline for fixed mortgage rates will have a bouncy journey lower, moving back above 4 percent early in 2024 but trending lower as inflation cools and the Fed gets closer to cutting rates,” says McBride. “For mortgage rates, that portends a general downtrend — albeit with fits and starts — in 2024.”
Rates accurate as of January 29, 2024.
The rates listed here are marketplace averages based on the assumptions shown here. Actual rates available on-site may vary. This story has been reviewed by Suzanne De Vita. All rate data accurate as of Monday, January 29th, 2024 at 7:30 a.m.
Today’s 30-year mortgage rate eases, -0.04%
The average rate you’ll pay for a 30-year fixed mortgage today is 6.99 percent, down 4 basis points over the last week. Last month on the 29th, the average rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage was unchanged, at 6.99 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay principal and interest of $664.63 for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s down $2.69 from what it would have been last week.
The 30-year mortgage is the most popular home loan, and it has a number of advantages. Among them:
Lower monthly payment: Compared to a shorter-term mortgage, such as 15 years, the 30-year mortgage offers more affordable monthly payments spread over time.
Stability: With a 30-year fixed mortgage, you lock in a set principal and interest payment, making it easier to plan your housing expenses for the long term. Remember: Your monthly housing payment can change if your homeowners insurance premiums and property taxes go up or, less likely, down.
Buying power: Because you have lower payments, you might qualify for a bigger loan or a more expensive house.
Flexibility. Lower monthly payments can free up some of your monthly budget for other goals, like saving for emergencies, retirement, college tuition or home repairs and maintenance.
15-year mortgage rate moves up, +0.01%
The average rate for the benchmark 15-year fixed mortgage is 6.50 percent, up 1 basis point over the last week.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed mortgage at that rate will cost approximately $871 per $100,000 borrowed. The bigger payment may be a little harder to find room for in your monthly budget than a 30-year mortgage payment, but it comes with some big advantages: You’ll save thousands of dollars over the life of the loan in total interest paid and build equity much faster.
5/1 ARM rate retreats, -0.26%
The average rate on a 5/1 ARM is 6.12 percent, down 26 basis points over the last week.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, are mortgage loans that come with a floating interest rate. In other words, the interest rate will change at regular intervals, unlike fixed-rate mortgages. These types of loans are best for people who expect to refinance or sell before the first or second adjustment. Rates could be materially higher when the loan first adjusts, and thereafter.
While borrowers shunned ARMs during the pandemic days of super-low rates, this type of loan has made a comeback as mortgage rates have risen.
Monthly payments on a 5/1 ARM at 6.12 percent would cost about $607 for each $100,000 borrowed over the initial five years, but could increase by hundreds of dollars afterward, depending on the loan’s terms.
Jumbo mortgage interest rate moves down, -0.05%
The average jumbo mortgage rate today is 7.02 percent, down 5 basis points from a week ago. A month ago, the average rate was above that, at 7.05 percent.
At the average rate today for a jumbo loan, you’ll pay a combined $666.65 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That represents a decline of $3.36 over what it would have been last week.
Refinance rates
30-year fixed-rate refinance declines, -0.03%
The average 30-year fixed-refinance rate is 7.19 percent, down 3 basis points over the last seven days. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed refinance was lower, at 7.14 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $678.11 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s a decline of $2.03 from last week.
Where are mortgage rates heading?
The Federal Reserve has signaled that it intends to cut rates in 2024, depending on inflation and employment data and other factors. The Fed meets again on Jan. 31.
Current average 30-year mortgage rates are slightly below 7 percent as of mid-January. As the year progresses, expect rates to slowly trend downward, says McBride.
“Mortgage rates will spend the bulk of the year in the 6s, with movement below 6 percent confined to the back half of the year,” says McBride.
The rates on 30-year mortgages mostly follow the 10-year treasury, which shifts continuously as economic conditions dictate, while the cost of variable-rate home loans mirror the Fed’s moves. These broader factors influence overall rate movement. The specific rate you’d qualify for is tied to your credit score, loan type and other variables.
What current rates mean for your mortgage
While mortgage rates change daily, it’s unlikely we’ll see rates back at 3 percent any time soon. If you’re shopping for a mortgage now, it might be wise to lock your rate when you find an affordable loan. If your house-hunt is taking longer than anticipated, revisit your budget so you’ll know exactly how much house you can afford at prevailing market rates.
You could save serious money on interest by getting at least three loan offers, according to Freddie Mac research. You don’t have to stick with your bank or credit union, either. There are many types of mortgage lenders, including online-only and local, smaller shops.
“All too often, some [homebuyers] take the path of least resistance when seeking a mortgage, in part because the process of buying a home can be stressful, complicated and time-consuming,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst for Bankrate. “But when we’re talking about the potential of saving a lot of money, seeking the best deal on a mortgage has an excellent return on investment. Why leave that money on the table when all it takes is a bit more effort to shop around for the best rate, or lowest cost, on a mortgage?”
More on current mortgage rates
Methodology
Bankrate displays two sets of rate averages that are produced from two surveys we conduct: one daily (“overnight averages”) and the other weekly (“Bankrate Monitor averages”).
The rates on this page represent our overnight averages. For these averages, APRs and rates are based on no existing relationship or automatic payments.
Learn more about Bankrate’s rate averages, editorial guidelines and how we make money.
Purchasing a home can be a daunting task, especially for first-time homebuyers. There is often a great deal of pressure to find a home that meets your preferences and is in good condition, as well as obtaining approval for a mortgage. Even those with experience in real estate may feel overwhelmed by the process.
Plus, even if you find the home of your dreams, you still have to put in an offer and hope that it’s accepted with no competition from other buyers.
Luckily, there’s a way to not only stand out from other home buyers, but also to expedite your mortgage approval process. By getting preapproved for a mortgage before you even put in an offer on a home, you can significantly increase your chances of having your offer selected.
The Basics of Mortgage Preapproval
A mortgage preapproval refers to a letter from your lender indicating that you meet the standards for a mortgage loan within a certain price range.
The lender has thoroughly reviewed your credit history, income, and other financial indicators and put them through the automated underwriting system. Mortgage preapprovals are typically valid between 60 and 90 days.
Why Mortgage Preapproval Matters for Homebuyers
There are a couple of benefits to getting preapproved in advance of viewing houses. One of the most significant factors is that it strengthens your offer when bidding on a home that you love.
Many deals fall through because of financing issues, even after the seller accepts an offer. If you have a preapproval letter to submit as well, the seller knows that the deal is more likely to close by accepting your offer than someone else’s.
Furthermore, real estate agents typically want to see that you’ve been preapproved before they show you houses. They don’t want to waste their time showing clients houses if they cannot buy a home.
Mortgage Preapproval Letter
Getting a mortgage preapproval letter also gives you a chance to see how large of a home loan you’ll be approved for, helping to narrow down your home search to the suitable price range.
You’ll also find out what types of home loans you qualify for, whether it be a conventional, FHA, VA, or other type of mortgage. Some of these loans have certain restrictions on the type of property you can purchase and what condition it must be in. Some also require a certain down payment percentage.
The content of a preapproval letter may vary depending on the lender. Generally, the letter includes details such as the purchase price, loan program, interest rate, origination fees, loan amount, down payment amount, expiration date, and property address. This letter is typically included with an offer to purchase a new home.
Private Mortgage Insurance
If your down payment is less than 20%, you’ll likely have to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI), which is also based on the loan amount. Getting preapproved helps you financially prepare for the full cost of your new home and your monthly mortgage payment.
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Once you determine your target loan amount, you’ll know what your monthly principal, interest, and mortgage payments will look like. When you know that, you can then look at individual properties to determine how much property tax and even homeowner’s insurance you’ll need to tack on to each month’s payment.
You need to consider all of your fees before finalizing your maximum home price. Otherwise, you could be unpleasantly surprised when you get your first mortgage bill.
Getting Ready for Mortgage Preapproval
Before you talk to a lender about getting preapproved for a mortgage, the best thing to do is to check both your credit report and credit score.
Get Your Free Credit Report
You can access your credit reports from each of the three credit bureaus for free once every twelve months. So get started a few months before you’ll be house hunting to give yourself time to address any issues.
Dispute Negative Inaccuracies
You might have outdated information lingering on your credit report or even incorrect items. The dispute process can take some time. You want to make sure your credit score is as strong as possible. That way, you can get approved and get the best mortgage rates possible when the time comes.
Check Your Credit Score
There are a couple of free websites like Credit Karma that provide you with access to your credit score. It might not be the same credit score your lender will use, but it still lets you know what ballpark you’re in. If your credit score is lower than you’d like to see, you have time to make some quick fixes.
For example, you can get a higher credit card limit to decrease your credit utilization ratio or pay down extra debt to lower your debt-to-income ratio. A little planning can help strengthen your chances for preapproval before you even contact a lender.
How to Get Preapproved for a Mortgage
When you’re ready to start the mortgage preapproval process, the loan officer will ask you for several pieces of information. You will need to provide income tax returns from the past two years, pay stubs to verify your employment and gross monthly income, and bank statements.
You’ll also have to provide your Social Security number and sign a form giving the lender permission to perform a hard inquiry on your credit report.
At that time, the lender will also perform a credit check and review your credit score to use in the evaluation process. Because underwriting systems are now automated, you can get preapproved in a matter of minutes.
Possible Outcomes
When the underwriting process is completed, you’ll either receive one of four responses.
Here’s what they are and what they mean:
Approved: your initial mortgage preapproval has gone through with no conditions.
Approved with conditions: you must complete additional steps before getting approved (for example, providing extra income verification to the lender.)
Suspended: you must answer additional questions before the underwriter determines whether you’re approved.
Declined: your application did not get approved.
Many mortgage lenders state that it’s actually quite rare to be preapproved for a mortgage with no conditions on your first attempt. So, don’t be disheartened if this happens to you—you’re in good company!
Even a suspended application isn’t the end of the road. And if the lender declines your mortgage preapproval, make sure to ask them why so that you can take targeted steps to improve the weak areas in your application.
Mortgage Prequalification vs. Preapproval: Clarifying the Differences
When you first contact a lender about qualifying for a mortgage, you’ll probably discuss your basic financial picture to help you determine how much of a loan you’re likely to get approved for.
Mortgage Prequalification
This is referred to as prequalification for a home loan. The mortgage lender doesn’t access your credit report or request financial documentation. Instead, they give you an idea of loans you’d qualify for based on the information you provide.
If you provide false information, your mortgage application will definitely fall apart in the underwriting process, so it’s important to be honest and as accurate as possible. Otherwise, it’s a waste of your time. Getting prequalified is a smart move to inform yourself of your mortgage options, but it’s not strong enough to submit with an offer on a house.
Mortgage Preapproval
On the other hand, getting preapproved for a mortgage prove to sellers that you’ve already been through the preliminary underwriting process, and your financing is likely to go through all the way.
In this instance, you submit all necessary financial documentation to your lender. Not only does it strengthen your offer when you find a home you like, but it also speeds up the next steps in the mortgage process so that you can close more quickly.
Choosing the Right Mortgage Lender
Getting a prequalification before a preapproval may seem like an unnecessary step, but it’s a great way to interview the lender as much as they’re interviewing you.
At the end of the day, mortgage lenders compete for your business, so don’t just choose the first one who gives you a prequalification or preapproval. There are several factors to consider before you make this critical decision. You should speak to multiple lenders and compare interest rates and loan options to find the best one for your financial situation.
Comparing Interest Rates
Start with an interest rate comparison. You should be able to get quotes based on your basic financial information without the lender performing a hard pull on your credit report.
Furthermore, consider how much money the lender says you can afford. They don’t know how much your other bills are or how much you’re comfortable spending.
If they try to pressure you into a loan amount that seems like it would be too expensive based on the monthly payments, they may not have your best interests at heart. A good lender wants to make sure you can afford your payments every month and is transparent about costs beyond your principal and interest.
Mortgage Rate Lock Float Down
You can also ask lenders what kind of perks they offer. For example, some give their clients one free float down before closing. This means, if interest rates have dropped since you locked in your rate, you can get that lower rate without having to pay any additional fees or points.
Others offer discounts on closing costs to clients in public service professions, such as teachers, police officers, and firefighters. Even if a particular lender doesn’t offer any of these services, you can reference another one that does to negotiate your own special deal.
Mortgage Preapproval Checklist
Check your credit report and credit score.
Find a trustworthy lender.
Get prequalified to find out what types of loans you’re eligible for.
Gather financial documentation, such as pay stubs, bank statements, W-2s, and income tax returns from the last two years.
Apply for a preapproval letter to seriously begin your home search.
Frequently Asked Questions
What factors are considered for mortgage preapproval?
Lenders will take a look at your credit score and verify your employment and income. They will also consider your debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which is the percentage of your monthly income that goes towards paying off debts.
To get a mortgage, it is generally advisable to have a DTI of 50% or lower. The required DTI for a loan may vary depending on the type of loan you are seeking.
Why should I get preapproved by more than one lender?
By applying to multiple lenders, you can compare interest rates and fees to find the deal with the most favorable terms. This can save you a lot of money over the life of the loan.
To find a mortgage that works for your financial situation, you should do your research and weigh all of your options.
Can I get preapproved for a mortgage online?
Yes, it is possible to get preapproved for a mortgage online. Many lenders allow you to provide your financial information and documentation through the lender’s website or over the phone.
You will typically need to provide the lender with information such as your monthly income, monthly debts, and credit history. After reviewing this information, the lender will determine how much they are willing to lend you and provide you with a preapproval letter.
Does mortgage preapproval guarantee a loan?
No, getting preapproved for a mortgage does not guarantee that you will receive a loan. The lender will still need to evaluate the property you are interested in buying and your financial information at the time of the loan application.
How much house can I afford?
There are several factors to consider when determining how much house you can afford, including your income, debts, down payment, and the type of mortgage you can qualify for. A general rule of thumb is to aim for a home that costs no more than three to five times your annual household income.
To calculate how much you can afford, you’ll need to consider your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). This is a measure of how much of your income goes towards paying off debts. Lenders typically look for a DTI of 50% or lower when determining how much you can borrow.
You’ll also need to consider your down payment and the type of mortgage you qualify for. A larger down payment can help you qualify for a better mortgage rate, and a shorter loan term (such as a 15-year mortgage) can also lower your monthly payments.
It’s a good idea to work with a lender to get a more detailed assessment of how much you can afford. They can help you understand your options and guide you towards a mortgage that works for your budget.
Can I get preapproved for a mortgage with bad credit?
It may be more difficult to get mortgage preapproval with bad credit, but it is not impossible. Some lenders may require a higher down payment or charge a higher interest rate for borrowers with lower credit scores.
Mortgage industry analysts have been watching and waiting to see what the Federal Reserve will do—or say—next about rate cuts. They’re hedging their bets that the Fed will cut rates this year and, as an indirect result, mortgage rates will fall, too, and help revive the housing market.
Watch for coverage of today’s Fed meeting in RISMedia’s Daily News tomorrow.
Economic data plays a key role in the Fed’s timing, though. A key performance metric Fed officials and economists watch is the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, which measures core inflation. PCE inflation (excluding food and energy costs) rose 0.2% in December from November’s 0.1%, and increased 2.9% from a year ago, according to data released Friday from the U.S. Commerce Department.
The annual rate of core inflation in December fell from 3.2%. That’s the lowest annual rate in nearly three years. Additionally, gross domestic product (GDP) grew at a pace of 3.3% in the fourth quarter, surpassing market expectations.
These strong economic readings pushed the 10-year Treasury yield, which mortgage rates tend to track, up to 4.14% on Friday before flattening later in the day.
Fed officials have hinted in recent speeches that cooling inflation supports the case for rate cuts—but at a more measured pace than before.
As for how those cuts will drive mortgage rates, expect “slow and steady declines,” likely in the latter half of the year, said Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist with First American Financial.
“The Fed wants to see the long and variable lags of monetary policy so they can make their way through the economy before deciding on any rate cuts,” Kushi told RISMedia, noting that anything can happen between now and the end of the year to change the Fed’s stance. “I think that the Fed has emphasized that the path to rate cuts is highly uncertain, and they’re going to take a sort of data-driven, cautious approach.”
Several Fed officials have signaled a more cautious approach to rate cuts, dimming investors’ hopes of quick action.
During a virtual speech to the Brookings Institution on Jan. 16, Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller said he believes the Fed’s restrictive monetary policy is “set properly” to bring down core inflation closer to the Fed’s target of 2%. However, Waller isn’t in a rush to cut rates until inflation not only reaches the Fed target rate, but stays there for a prolonged period.
“When the time is right to begin lowering rates, I believe it can and should be lowered methodically and carefully,” Waller said in his speech. “In many previous cycles, which began after shocks to the economy either threatened or caused a recession, the FOMC cut rates reactively and did so quickly and often by large amounts.
“This cycle, however, with economic activity and labor markets in good shape and inflation coming down gradually to 2 percent, I see no reason to move as quickly or cut as rapidly as in the past.”
It didn’t take long for the markets to react to Waller’s comments. The 10-year Treasury yield jumped sharply after his speech by about 30 basis points since late December and is currently hovering near 4.1% after reaching a recent low at about 3.8%.
In separate remarks earlier this month, Fed Governor Michelle Bowman, who tends to be more hawkish, said a sustained march toward the 2% inflation goal will make it more likely to lower rates to prevent the Fed’s monetary policy from being too restrictive.
“In my view, we are not yet at that point. And important upside inflation risks remain,” Bowman said in her remarks, adding that she was still willing to raise the Fed funds rate in the future if inflation stalls or ticks up again. “Restoring price stability is essential for achieving maximum employment and stable prices over the longer run.”
Mortgage industry looks to rate cuts to help spur loan activity
2023 was a painful year for housing. As mortgage rates soared near the 8% mark, existing-home sales cratered to their lowest level last year (4.09 million) since 1995 even as median home prices reached a record high of $389,800, according to data from the National Association of Realtors.
Hobbled by anemic loan originations and next-to-no refinance activity, mortgage lenders aggressively cut staff last year (especially back-office positions like underwriters and loan processors). Others merged with bigger players with strong cash positions. And some lenders threw in the towel altogether, closing up shop.
“Our data shows that your typical independent mortgage banker trimmed their employee count by more than 40% from the peak in 2021 to the most recent data points,” Mike Fratantoni, chief economist with the Mortgage Bankers Association, said in an interview with RISMedia.
Fratantoni said mortgage volume will be somewhat higher in 2024 in tandem with higher sales of new and existing homes. However, potential homebuyers—especially those with the headwind of having record-low mortgage rates—may be hesitant to make a move until rates hit a certain sweet spot.
“As we get to the low (6% range) at the end of this year and below 6% next year…that’s going to be enough to get people’s attention,” Fratantoni said.
Melissa Cohn, regional vice president of William Raveis Mortgage, points to a Fed rate cut as being a positive signal to potential homebuyers of an improving market. However, Cohn added that a notable drop in mortgage rates will likely push home prices higher due to higher demand, so buyers shouldn’t stay on the sidelines too long.