Mortgage rates moved in different directions this week, according to data compiled by Bankrate. See the table below for a breakdown of how each loan type moved.
Mortgage rates could gradually come down this year, according to Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate chief financial analyst. As the Federal Reserve held off on hikes at the end of 2023, the average 30-year mortgage rate dove to under 7 percent. The central bank now expects to cut rates in 2024 — a direction that would affect many areas of the economy, including on the 10-year Treasury, the main driver of fixed mortgage rates.
“The 10-year Treasury yield that serves as a baseline for fixed mortgage rates will have a bouncy journey lower, moving back above 4 percent early in 2024 but trending lower as inflation cools and the Fed gets closer to cutting rates,” says McBride. “For mortgage rates, that portends a general downtrend — albeit with fits and starts — in 2024.”
Rates last updated January 11, 2024.
These rates are marketplace averages based on the assumptions indicated here. Actual rates displayed across the site may vary. This story has been reviewed by Suzanne De Vita. All rate data accurate as of Thursday, January 11th, 2024 at 7:30 a.m.
Today’s 30-year mortgage rate flat for the week
Today’s average rate for the benchmark 30-year fixed mortgage is 7.06 percent, unchanged from a week ago. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage was higher, at 7.21 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay a combined $669.34 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow.
There are many benefits to choosing a fixed-rate mortgage when buying new house, including predictable mortgage payments.
Learn more: What is a fixed-rate mortgage and how does it work?
15-year mortgage rate moves up, +0.01%
The average 15-year fixed-mortgage rate is 6.43 percent, up 1 basis point over the last week.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed mortgage at that rate will cost approximately $867 per $100,000 borrowed. That’s clearly much higher than the monthly payment would be on a 30-year mortgage at that rate, but it comes with some big advantages: You’ll come out several thousand dollars ahead over the life of the loan in total interest paid and build equity much more quickly.
5/1 adjustable rate mortgage advances, +0.01%
The average rate on a 5/1 adjustable rate mortgage is 6.41 percent, ticking up 1 basis point since the same time last week.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, are mortgage loans that come with a floating interest rate. To put it another way, the interest rate will change at regular intervals, unlike fixed-rate mortgages. These loan types are best for those who expect to refinance or sell before the first or second adjustment. Rates could be considerably higher when the loan first adjusts, and thereafter.
While borrowers shunned ARMs during the pandemic days of super-low rates, this type of loan has made a comeback as mortgage rates have risen.
Monthly payments on a 5/1 ARM at 6.41 percent would cost about $626 for each $100,000 borrowed over the initial five years, but could climb hundreds of dollars higher afterward, depending on the loan’s terms.
Jumbo mortgage interest rate falls, -0.03%
The current average rate you’ll pay for jumbo mortgages is 7.10 percent, a decrease of 3 basis points over the last week. This time a month ago, the average rate for jumbo mortgages was above that, at 7.25 percent.
At today’s average jumbo rate, you’ll pay $672.03 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That represents a decline of $2.03 over what it would have been last week.
The average 30-year fixed-refinance rate is 7.25 percent, up 4 basis points since the same time last week. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed refinance was higher, at 7.30 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $682.18 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s $2.71 higher compared with last week.
Where are mortgage rates going?
At its most recent meeting in December, the Federal Reserve signaled it was done raising interest rates and would begin cuts in 2024. In response, mortgage rates dropped to under 7 percent, and remain there as of early January.
This dynamic could hold throughout the year, says McBride.
“Mortgage rates will spend the bulk of the year in the 6s, with movement below 6 percent confined to the back half of the year,” says McBride.
The rates on 30-year mortgages mostly follow the 10-year treasury, which shifts continuously as economic conditions dictate, while the cost of variable-rate home loans mirror the Fed’s moves. These broader factors influence overall rate movement. Your rate might be higher or lower than what trends show, depending on your credit score and other factors.
What these rates mean for your mortgage
While mortgage rates are notoriously volatile, there is some consensus that we won’t see rates back at 3 percent. If you’re shopping for a mortgage now, it might be wise to lock your rate when you find an affordable loan. If your house-hunt is taking longer than anticipated, revisit your budget so you’ll know exactly how much house you can afford at prevailing market rates.
Keep in mind: You could save thousands over the life of your mortgage by getting at least three loan offers, according to Freddie Mac research. You don’t have to stick with your bank or credit union, either. There are many types of mortgage lenders, including online-only and local, smaller shops.
“All too often, some [homebuyers] take the path of least resistance when seeking a mortgage, in part because the process of buying a home can be stressful, complicated and time-consuming,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst for Bankrate. “But when we’re talking about the potential of saving a lot of money, seeking the best deal on a mortgage has an excellent return on investment. Why leave that money on the table when all it takes is a bit more effort to shop around for the best rate, or lowest cost, on a mortgage?”
More on current mortgage rates
Methodology
Bankrate displays two sets of rate averages that are produced from two surveys we conduct: one daily (“overnight averages”) and the other weekly (“Bankrate Monitor averages”).
The rates on this page represent our overnight averages. For these averages, APRs and rates are based on no existing relationship or automatic payments.
Learn more about Bankrate’s rate averages, editorial guidelines and how we make money.
A reverse mortgage may be a viable financial instrument to help pay for older Americans’ long-term care priorities, but they — and their implications on entitlement eligibility — need to be fully considered.
This is according to a new column at MarketWatch, comparing reverse mortgage product features to other potential options and enlisting commentary from an eldercare attorney.
A reader concerned about their parents’ cash reserves in retirement wrote to the outlet asking about ways they may be able to cover the costs of long-term care, which they say will be needed by their parents soon.
“They’re not on Medicaid at the moment, but they have a house that has been in a trust for only three years, and their children are named as beneficiaries,” the reader said. “Will we need to sell the house, or can they get a reverse mortgage to pay for their long-term care? Will they need to go on Medicaid?”
While Medicaid may be one of the more viable options, a reverse mortgage is a tool worthy of consideration according to Brian Tully, founder and managing partner at Tully Law Group which specializes in eldercare law.
“You never want a family to run out of money,” Tully told MarketWatch. “You always want them to have some money left, whether it is a retirement account, proceeds from a reverse mortgage they’ve moved to children or a well spouse. You always want to have access to money. Spending everything down is a mistake.”
The column describes selling the home to access equity as an option that “should be the very last resort,” since the home is a valuable asset they need not give up.
“Medicaid rules vary state by state, but in New York, for example, a primary home is exempt from total assets while the individual receiving care is living there, or intends to return there after their time in a nursing home,” the column said.
Limitations on other assets could come into play, however, and selling the home may end up disqualifying the parents from Medicaid. A reverse mortgage could present similar issues, the column said.
“You could get money from a reverse mortgage through a single lump sum, or regular fixed monthly payments, but that again can disqualify your parents from Medicaid eligibility — or require them to spend down those assets quicker than they otherwise would have,” it reads. “Look for a qualified and trustworthy estate or eldercare attorney who can help you make sense of your state’s specific rules.”
Ready for homeownership — but looking for something a little bit less overwhelming than a whole house? A condominium might be the perfect fit. But can you purchase a condo with an FHA loan? Yes, under certain circumstances, you can use a loan from the Federal Housing Administration to buy a condo. However, the FHA has to approve condominiums before allowing people to take out FHA-insured loans to purchase them — and finding a condo that’s gone through this approval process (or getting one you have your eye on approved) can be a bit of a challenge. But it’s not impossible! Read on to learn more about FHA-approved condos: what it takes to get approval, where to find condos that have already been approved, and the process of getting an unapproved condo past the finish line.
What Is An FHA-Approved Condo?
To understand what an FHA-approved condo is, it helps to understand what the FHA has to do with purchasing a home in the first place. By offering insurance to lenders, the FHA helps consumers secure low-cost loans with less stringent qualification factors. These FHA loans are commonly used for single-family homes, but can also be used for condominiums, provided the condo is approved by the FHA. Thus, an FHA-approved condo is one that can be purchased with an FHA loan. Pretty simple right? Well, let’s take a closer look.
Benefits of FHA Approval for Condo Buyers
FHA condo approval is beneficial for buyers because finding an FHA-approved condo allows buyers to benefit from the lower overall costs of condo ownership compared to single-family homeownership — and enjoy the lower barrier to entry that an FHA loan can offer to lower-income families, first-time homebuyers, and others facing financial hurdles.
However, not every condo can be approved by the FHA. In order to qualify, it must meet the FHA’s appraisal standards, including safety features as well as financial factors. Entire condominium communities can be approved, and, as of August 2019, an individual unit can also be approved — provided it meets requirements including being “complete and ready for occupancy” and being part of a community with at least five units.
How FHA Approval Impacts Condo Sellers
Sellers, too, benefit from FHA condo approval. Condos that can be purchased with an FHA loan are more attractive to buyers looking for home loans with lower costs and more lenient approval requirements, which means FHA approval is a boon for both parties.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.
Why Does a Condo Need to Be Approved for an FHA Loan?
When the FHA insures loans offered by private lenders, it does so at some level of risk: The loan may never be repaid, in which case it would lose money paying the lost funds back to the lending bank. But borrower delinquency isn’t the only reason a loan might go unfulfilled; if the condominium is falling apart or not financially viable, that could also increase the risk level of the loan. Therefore, the FHA approves condos on a case-by-case basis to help ensure their physical and financial safety for the lender, borrower, and the FHA itself.
How to Get a Condo FHA Approved
If you’re considering buying a condo that doesn’t yet have FHA approval — and you’d like to get that approval to pursue an FHA loan — you can initiate the approval process on a single-unit basis. (Alternatively, you could reach out to the condominium association to see if it is interested in getting the community as a whole FHA approved.) The approval process will require a variety of documentation as well as an appraisal — again, in order to ensure both the physical and financial viability of the community.
Approval Requirements
To achieve FHA approval, condo communities must be demonstrably:
• Insured
• Compliant with state and local law
• In good financial standing
• In good physical standing
• Free of any legal action
For single-unit approval, a condo must be:
• Part of a complex that is not FHA approved
• Completely built and move-in ready
• Part of a community with at least five units
• Not a manufactured home
Minimum Owner-Occupancy Ratios
The FHA maintains minimum owner-occupancy ratios for complexes attempting to get approved. This figure ranges based on a variety of factors, but is usually somewhere between 35% and 50% — meaning between about a third and about half of the condo units must be occupied by their owners.
Financial Stability and Reserve Requirements
The FHA will also assess the financial stability of the condominium complex in order to ensure it’s likely to continue to stay in business for the foreseeable future. For example, 20% of the annual budget must be set aside for reserves, and three years’ worth of financial documents must be provided.
FHA Insurance Requirements for Condos
FHA-approved condos must maintain up-to-date insurance coverage in order to create financial safety for owners and lenders alike.
Restrictions
Condos that don’t meet the eligibility requirements outlined above may not be suitable for FHA approval — and therefore may not be able to be purchased with an FHA loan.
FHA Application and Documentation
In order to get FHA approval, condos will need to prove they meet the requirements with documentation, including financial information, proof of insurance coverage, inspection reports, and more. If you’re attempting to get a single unit approved, the onus may fall on you as the interested party to get this process started. (The seller, if motivated, may also be able to help.)
The Condo Board’s Role in Securing FHA Approval
In order for an entire condominium complex to become an approved FHA condo, the condo board must first meet to decide whether or not board members want to file for FHA approval. If the vote is in favor of seeking approval, the board will need to aid in filing paperwork to begin the application process and to prove the minimum required eligibility factors are fulfilled.
How Long Does it Take for a Condo to Get FHA Approval?
While specifics will vary and delays can occur, the FHA approval process for a condo may take between two and four weeks on average once all the paperwork is in place. 💡 Quick Tip: Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the better loan terms you’ll be offered. One way to improve your ratio is to increase your income (hello, side hustle!). Another way is to consolidate your debt and lower your monthly debt payments.
How to Find an FHA-Approved Condo
Fortunately, it’s pretty easy to determine whether or not a condominium you have your eye on is FHA-approved: The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) offers a searchable database tool that allows you to simply look the property up by address, community name, condo ID, and more.
Leveraging Realtor Expertise
If you have your heart set on purchasing a condo — and on using an FHA loan to do so — a local real estate agent may have the best sense of which complexes in the area are already FHA approved. Some agents may be game to help you get a unit you’re interested in approved on a single-unit basis.
FHA Loan Alternatives for Condos
If you’ve fallen in love with a condo that is, alas, not FHA-approved, take heart: There are different types of mortgage loans worth considering. Many conventional loans these days come with required minimum down payments as low as 3%, though to avoid paying mortgage insurance, you’ll need a down payment of at least 20% of the home’s value. Fortunately, that goal may be a lot more achievable for a condo than a larger single-family home.
In addition, you may be able to use other types of government-insured loans, like VA loans and USDA loans, to buy condos if you qualify. (VA loans are for veterans and their families, while USDA loans are specifically for properties in designated rural areas.)
Benefits and Drawbacks of FHA-Approved Condos
FHA-approved condos, like any other home, have both benefits and drawbacks to consider.
Pros
• Approved FHA condos can be purchased using an FHA loan, which my offer easier-to-meet qualification requirements and lower costs to borrowers
• Condos may be overall less costly to own than single-family homes
Cons
• FHA-approved condos can be harder to find, especially in competitive, fast-moving housing markets
• Getting a condo FHA approved is a process that takes time and effort, and can be difficult for an everyday consumer to take on
The Takeaway
Purchasing an FHA-approved condo can help buyers hop over some of the primary hurdles to homeownership with lower down payment and minimum credit score requirements. However, not every condo meets the FHA’s strict approval criteria — which means hopeful homeowners may have to choose an alternative mortgage loan type (or keep looking for their dream home).
SoFi offers a wide range of FHA loan options that are easier to qualify for and may have a lower interest rate than a conventional mortgage. You can down as little as 3.5%. Plus, the Biden-Harris Administration has reduced monthly mortgage insurance premiums for new homebuyers to help offset higher interest rates.
Another perk: FHA loans are assumable mortgages!
FAQ
Can you purchase a condo with an FHA loan?
If the condo in question is FHA-approved, yes, you can — but not all condominiums meet the FHA’s requirements. In order to discern whether or not the condo you’re looking at is FHA approved, you can use the FHA’s searchable database, which allows you to search by address, condo complex name, and more.
What does it mean when a complex is not FHA approved?
If a condo complex is not FHA approved, it may not meet the FHA’s requirements — or the board may simply have not yet filed for approval, which does take some time, effort, and paperwork to do. It also means that the condos will not be able to be purchased with an FHA-insured loan, at least until such approval is obtained.
Are there specific criteria for FHA approval of condos in certain regions?
FHA-approved condos must be in compliance with all state and local guidelines, which can vary by region — so yes, the specific criteria may vary slightly.
Photo credit: iStock/benedek
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¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
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American family finances have weathered the fallout of the dot-com bubble, the Great Recession and a pandemic over the last 30 years. Despite these challenges and more, single-parent households as a whole have actually seen broad financial improvements during this time.
Some households are better insulated to emerge unscathed (and even improved) from economic turmoil. On the other hand, families with one earner and multiple mouths to feed are at a disadvantage compared with those with multiple incomes when there is a job loss, high inflation, unexpected medical expenses or trouble in financial markets, for example. Measuring the financial health of a single-income household against one with two incomes would uncover few surprises. However, examining how the financial well-being of single-parent households has changed, and how it’s changed relative to others over time, tells a story of certain improvements and remaining opportunities for growth.
I am the product of a single-parent household. From the time I was 3 years old in the early 1980s, my mom raised my older brothers and me solo. Later, as an adult, I was the head of a single-parent household, raising my daughter who was born in 2000. Much has changed during that time, both in how I experienced the world through finances personally and within the broader economy. Charting the household finances of single-parent households across decades underscores these changes. Income, net worth and homeownership rates among single-parent households have improved dramatically, but these households still lack insulation from financial shocks, according to data from the Federal Reserve.
Family finances through the decades
The Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances is released every three years and is a trove of household financial data. I examined 30 years of the data, from 1992 to the recently released 2022 report, to see how my lived experiences aligned with the national picture and how the financial conditions of households like mine have changed.
Roughly 30 years ago, in 1992, I was 14 years old, living with my mother and one older brother, while my eldest brother was in college. During childhood, my mom received child support, but we still qualified for the free lunch program at school, a common proxy for household poverty. She had the good fortune of always having a steady job and put herself through college while raising us.
My experience as a parent — beginning in 2000 — was different in that I didn’t receive support payments from another parent but did qualify for broader public assistance. When my daughter was an infant, I received EBT benefits or “food stamps,” public housing and Aid to Dependent Children, commonly referred to as “welfare.” I, too, put myself through college and held down a job from the time she was born. Despite beginning my journey as a single mother at a deficit from where my mother began hers — quite a bit younger and with only one source of income — I was able to climb more quickly, perhaps because I only had one additional mouth to feed or because government and social supports of the era made it easier to do so.
Over the past 30 years, the median annual income of single-parent households has grown just over 45%, after adjusting for inflation, to $43,000, slightly faster than any other household type. Across all households, typical incomes grew about 27% during that period.
Note: The Survey of Consumer Finances defines single-parent households as those with children but not married or living with a partner.
A higher real income means a higher standard of living — your money can go further toward paying for the things you need. And my personal experience as a child and a parent aligns with this data — later in my daughter’s childhood, I was better able to afford things my mother would have considered luxuries when I was young.
I want to make it very clear that it’s little more than a neat coincidence that my personal life reflects the Federal Reserve data. Much is hidden in national aggregates, and many people have their own anecdotes that would run contrary to the data. In the case of “median income,” for example, we know that half of single-parent households earned less than $43,000 in 2022, and many likely earned much less. On the other hand, half earned more than that median amount. And though the national median grew during this 30-year period, some households surely experienced periods of declining income. Big aggregates allow us to examine broad trends, but they also sacrifice some details.
Net worth nearly triples; homes and retirement assets climb
Your net worth is the amount of your assets (the things you own of value) minus your liabilities, or debts. And single-parent households saw significant increases in net worth from 1992 to 2022. While households overall saw inflation-adjusted net worth climb 87% during this period, those headed by a single parent rose 189%.
A higher net worth represents greater insulation from financial difficulties. When you have more savings, equity in a home or lower debt, for example, you’re better able to accommodate unexpected expenses and better able to plan for long-term financial goals.
At least some of this growth in net worth is due to the rise of homeownership among single parents. The percentage of single-parent households who own their primary residence grew from 43% in 1992 to 50% in 2022, an increase of 17%, and the most dramatic increase among all family types during the period.
I was raised in rentals; my mother hasn’t owned a house since she had to sell the family home after my parents’ divorce. However, I purchased my first home when my daughter was 7 years old, thanks in part to the more accommodating standards of an FHA mortgage, down payment assistance and when I bought — it was 2007, and home loans were being passed out like candy.
Another important asset, retirement accounts, are now held by 37% of single-parent households, compared with 24% in 1992. While a marked improvement, there is still room for growth here. Among all households, 54% have retirement accounts.
So what can account for these improvements? It’s likely a combination of factors, starting with a “catch-up” period. Moms make up 80% of the heads of single-parent households, according to the U.S. Census, and women were afforded the right to apply for credit and loans such as mortgages only in 1974. The full implications of this change could certainly take decades to work their way into household personal finances and the economy at large. Further, the share of single mothers who work and the share of women going to college has increased over the past several decades, contributing to increased earning power. And finally, while a 2022 Pew Research Center survey found that the stigma of single motherhood is on the rise again, it’s likely still at a better place than 30 or 50 years ago, when legal protections against discrimination were lacking.
Where single-parent households can still gain ground
The share of single-parent households that save money actually fell over the 30-year period examined, from 45% to 41%. In fact, it fell across most household types during this period, though it fell the furthest for single parents. Without savings, you’re more likely to depend on debt when emergency expenses arise and less likely to be able to keep up with monthly bills.
Single-parent households are also the most common household type to revolve credit card debt, or carry it from one month to the next. More than half (52%) of these households carry a balance on their card from month to month, compared with 44% of all households, according to the data. Further, single-parent households saw the greatest change in this metric among all household types during the two-year period capturing the COVID-19 recession — from 2019 to 2022, that share rose 15%.
Carrying credit card debt increases monthly payment obligations, and household payment-to-income ratios reflect this. In any given month, roughly 11% of single-parent households have monthly debt payments exceeding 40% of their monthly income. This 40% threshold is considered a measure of financial vulnerability, and a greater share of single-parent households find themselves on the wrong side of this line than any other household type. Further, while the share of households over this 40% mark has decreased in the last 30 years, it’s fallen the least in single-parent homes.
Keys to continued improvements
Overall, typical household finances have improved over the last 30 years, and by some measures they’ve improved most dramatically for single-parent households. But going it alone as a parent, whether by choice or by chance, still presents some greater financial challenges. Namely, households like mine often lack the additional safety valves afforded households with two potential earners, making them more vulnerable and more likely to have to turn to debt in periods of financial stress.
For me, a single parent raised by a single parent, money decisions were always about caution and resourcefulness, being careful and conscientious about every dime spent and being a scrappy problem-solver when money was too tight to cover all of the expenses. Honestly, I was resentful of this as a child. But I was grateful for the foundation when I became a parent. Early in my daughter’s life, these lessons were crucial for keeping the lights on, quite literally. And now that I’m financially secure, these lessons still underpin how I think about money and how I talk about it in my work.
The average finances of single-parent households have improved over the years, but individual household finances can hit setbacks along the long-term climb. The path to financial security is rarely linear. Incrementally building an emergency fund, using debt strategically and knowing where to turn when things get tough can make it easier to rebound and get back on an upward track.
There’s no one-size-fits-all mortgage. When deciding between a conventional loan vs FHA loan, you’ll have to compare costs and benefits based on your personal finances.
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A conventional loan is often better if you have good or excellent credit because your mortgage rate and PMI costs will go down. But an FHA loan can be perfect if your credit score is in the high-500s or low-600s. For lower-credit borrowers, FHA is often the cheaper option.
These are only general guidelines, though. And the choice between a conventional loan vs FHA loan might be different for you. So be sure to look closely at both loan types and choose the best one for your financial situation.
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Conventional loan vs FHA comparison
There are plenty of low-down-payment options for today’s home buyers. But many will choose either a conventional loan with 3% down or an FHA loan with 3.5% down.
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So, which type of home loan program is better? That depends on your financial situation.
Here’s an overview of what you need to know about qualifying for a conventional loan vs FHA loan.
Conventional 97 Loan
FHA Loan
Minimum Down Payment
3%
3.5%
Minimum Credit Score
620
580
Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio
43%
50%
Loan Limit for 2024 (in most areas)
$
$
Income Limit
No income limit
No income limit
Mortgage Insurance
Annual fee
Annual and upfront fee
Down payment requirements
Both conventional and FHA mortgage programs have minimum down payment amount requirements which borrowers must meet in order to be eligible for a home loan and reach their goal of homeownership.
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FHA: 3.5% down with a 580 credit score, or 10% down a score between 500-579
Conventional 97: 3% down
Like other conventional loans, conventional 97 applicants will pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) with less than 20% down. And all FHA borrowers are required to pay mortgage insurance regardless of down payment.
Credit scores
In deciding between an FHA loan and the Conventional 97 loan, your individual credit score matters. This is because your credit score determines the type of mortgage loan you’re eligible for. Credit history affects your monthly mortgage payments, too.
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Minimum credit score requirements for FHA and conventional loans are:
FHA: 580 credit score with 3.5% down, or 500-579 credit score with 10% down
Conventional: 620 credit score
If your credit score is between 500 and 620, the FHA loan is best suited for you because it’s your only available option.
But if your credit score is above 620, it’s worth looking into a conventional loan with 3% down. Especially because, as your credit score goes up, your mortgage rate and PMI costs go down.
Debt-to-income ratio
Another factor you need to consider when choosing between a conventional and FHA loan is your debt-to-income ratio or DTI ratio. This is the amount of debt you owe on a monthly basis, compared to your monthly gross income.
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Conventional loans usually allow a maximum DTI of 43% — meaning your debts take up no more than 43% of your gross monthly income
FHA loans allow for a higher DTI of up to 50% in some cases
However, even with FHA loans, you’ll have to shop around if your debt-to-income ratio is above 45%. Because the FHA allows mortgage lenders to set their own in-house loan requirements, some may set stricter DTI requirements that are below 50%.
Debt-to-income ratios tend to make a bigger difference in high-cost areas, like big cities, where home values are high.
If you’re buying somewhere like Los Angeles, New York, or Seattle, your monthly debt (including mortgage costs) will take up much more of your income simply because real estate is so much more expensive.
Mortgage insurance
FHA and conventional loans both charge mortgage insurance. But the cost varies depending on which type of loan program you have, and how long you keep the mortgage.
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FHA mortgage insurance (MIP): The costs for MIP is the same for most borrowers: 0.55% of the loan amount per year, with a one-time upfront fee of 1.75%
Conventional loans private mortgage insurance (PMI): The costs for PMI vary depending on your credit score and loan-to-value ratio. You’ll only pay PMI when you put less than 20% down, and you’ll only continue to pay monthly premiums until you reach 20% home equity
Conventional Loans
FHA Loans
Mortgage Insurance Type
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Fee
n/a
1.75% of loan amount
Annual Mortgage Insurance Rate
Up to 2.25% of loan amount
0.55% of loan amount
Duration
Until the loan reaches 80% LTV
11 years (down payment of 10% or more) OR life of the loan (down payment of 3.5% to 10%)
The cheaper mortgage insurance option for you depends on your financial situation.
Conventional 97 mortgage insurance goes away at 80% loan-to-value. You’ll also hear loan officers refer to this as 20% home equity (both terms essentially refer to the same thing).
This means that, over time, your Conventional 97 can become a better value — especially for borrowers with high credit scores.
Also, consider upfront charges.
In addition to MIP, the FHA charges an upfront mortgage insurance premium known as UFMIP. UFMIP costs 1.75% of your loan size, is added to your loan balance, and is non-recoverable except via the FHA Streamline Refinance
The Conventional 97 charges no equivalent upfront fee for mortgage insurance. It only charges monthly mortgage insurance premiums
Conventional loan vs FHA loan limits
Both the FHA and conventional loans have limits on the amount of money you can borrow.
Compare home loan options. Start here
In 2024, the FHA loan limits for a single-family home is $ in most of the U.S.
The conventional loan limit for a single-family home is $.
Any loan amount that exceeds these limits are considered non-conforming loans or jumbo loans.
Conventional loan vs FHA mortgage rates
Mortgage rates typically look lower for FHA loans than conventional loans on paper. For instance, today’s average FHA rates are as low as % (% APR)*, while conventional mortgage rates are as low as % (% APR)*.
Compare conventional and FHA mortgage rates. Start here
However, those rates can’t be taken at face value. First, because mortgage rates vary depending on your personal finances, your rate will likely be different from the average rate.
Second, PMI and credit score can also affect your interest rate and mortgage payment. For conventional loans, a lower credit score means a higher interest rate. So if your score is in the low- to mid-600s, an FHA loan might be cheaper.
Conventional loans also base mortgage insurance rates on your credit score, which contributes to a higher monthly payment as well.
*Current rates according to The Mortgage Reports’ lender network. Rates are for sample purposes only; your own rate will be different.
Conventional loan vs FHA mortgage payments
For home buyers with good credit scores, a conventional loan may be more attractive. That’s because conventional loan costs are more dependent on your credit score and down payment than FHA loan costs. And as a result, your monthly payments and PMI are lower when your credit score is higher. This is a key difference from how FHA loans work.
Compare conventional and FHA mortgage rates. Start here
With an FHA loan, your mortgage rate and MIP cost the same no matter what your FICO score.
That means in the short term, FHA loans may be more advantageous.
But over the long-term, borrowers with above-average credit scores will typically find Conventional 97 loans more economical relative to FHA ones.
Remember, mortgage insurance for conventional loans can be canceled at 20% loan-to-value ratio. But FHA mortgage insurance lasts the entire life of the loan. The only way to bypass this requirement is if you put down at least 10% down. This way you may be able to drop FHA mortgage insurance after 11 years (assuming 20% loan-to-value).
So if you’ll be staying in the home long enough to reach 20% equity — and especially if you have a good credit score — a conventional loan could be your cheaper option in the long run.
FHA vs Conventional infographic
Alternative low-down-payment loan programs
The conventional 97 loan and FHA loan aren’t the sole options for low-down-payment mortgages. Explore a variety of other mortgage loans with low or no upfront expenses to make homeownership more accessible:
Compare your home loan options. Start here
Fannie Mae HomeReady: This home loan offers below market interest rates, reduced private mortgage insurance costs, and it allows the income of everyone living in the household to qualify. However, there are income limits, loan maximums, and you’ll need a FICO score of 620 or more and a DTI of 50% or less
Freddie Mac Home Possible: Similar to HomeReady, it has income and loan limits, and it requires a minimum credit score of 660, 3% down payment, and DTI below 43%. However, Freddie Mac Home Possible offers flexible loan approval requirements that help low-income families become homeowners
VA loan: This mortgage loan requires no down payment and offers flexible credit score minimums and below-market rates. VA loans have no maximum loan amounts. Plus, bankruptcy and foreclosure are not immediate disqualifications. Yet, this program is only available to eligible service members and veterans
USDA loan: This rural housing government-backed loan requires no down payment and has no maximum home purchase price. Although there are drawbacks. This government-agency loan does have property standards that require the home to be located in a rural area. There are also income limits for the buyer, and it does carry mortgage insurance for the entire loan term
Most of these mortgage loan products can only be used to purchase a primary residence — a home in which you live in for the majority of the year.
Vacation homes and investment properties are generally not allowed.
For many first-time homebuyers, though, the choice among low-down payment loans will be between the FHA loan and the Conventional 97. This is because VA loans are available to military borrowers only. USDA loans are restricted to suburban and rural areas, with maximum loan and income limits, and HomeReady has similar income restrictions.
Conventional loan vs FHA loan FAQ
Which is a better loan, FHA or conventional?
Between FHA and conventional, the better loan for you depends on your financial circumstances. FHA might be better than conventional if you have a credit score below 680, or higher levels of debt (up to 50 percent DTI). Conventional loans become more attractive the higher your credit score is because you can get a lower interest rate and monthly payment.
Can you switch from FHA to conventional?
You can switch from an FHA to a conventional loan by refinancing your mortgage. This means you get a new conventional loan to pay off your existing FHA loan. This might make sense to do if you have at least 20 percent equity in your home and a 620 or higher credit score. Then, you may be able to save by switching from an FHA to a conventional loan with no PMI.
What are the benefits of a conventional home loan?
If you get a conventional loan with 20 percent down or more, you won’t have to pay for mortgage insurance. That’s a big benefit over FHA loans, which require mortgage insurance regardless of your down payment size. The conventional 97 loan also lets you put just 3 percent down, while FHA requires 3.5 percent at minimum. And conventional loans offer lower mortgage rates the higher your credit score is. That’s good news if you have a good credit score of 720 or higher.
Is an FHA loan bad?
FHA loans are great for borrowers who need a home loan with a lower bar of entry. The big benefits are that they allow lower down payments (just 3.5 percent) and a lower credit score (580) than many other mortgage loans.
What are the disadvantages of FHA loans?
You have to pay for FHA mortgage insurance regardless of your down payment size. And you can’t get rid of it unless you refinance. So if you have a great credit score and/or you’re putting 20 percent or more down, an FHA loan likely isn’t the right choice for you. In that case, look into a conventional loan instead.
What credit score do I need for a conventional loan?
Conventional loans require a credit score of at least 620. But some mortgage lenders might set their own requirements, starting at 640, 660, or even higher. Plus, your conventional mortgage rate will be better the higher your credit score is. So especially if your credit is on the lower end, be sure to show around with different lenders for the best deal.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
FHA loans require a credit score of 580 or higher in most cases. You might be able to get an FHA loan with a credit score of 500-580 if you make a 10 percent or bigger down payment. But you’ll have to search for the right lender because few mortgage companies allow scores in that range for FHA loans.
What’s the interest rate on a conventional loan?
Conventional loan interest rates are typically a little higher than FHA mortgage rates. That’s because FHA loans are backed by the Federal Housing Administration, which makes them less “risky” for lenders and allows for lower rates. However, if you have a great credit score (above 680, in most cases) you might qualify for a lower conventional rate. But, you also have to consider the annual mortgage insurance rate with each loan. Depending on your credit score and down payment, conventional mortgage insurance rates could be higher or lower than FHA insurance rates. This will affect which loan is cheaper overall.
Who qualifies for a conventional loan?
You might qualify for a conventional loan if you have a credit score of at least 620; a debt-to-income ratio of 43 percent or lower; a 3 percent down payment; and a steady, two-year employment history proven by tax returns and bank statements. To qualify for the low-down-payment conventional 97 loan, you must buy a single-family property (no 2-,3-, or 4-units allowed).
Which loan type has a higher credit score requirement?
Generally, conventional loans have a higher credit score requirement than FHA loans. Conventional loans may require a credit score of 620 or higher, while FHA loans may allow for a credit score as low as 500 to 580, depending on the lender.
What is mortgage insurance, and how does it differ for conventional loans and FHA loans?
Mortgage insurance is a type of insurance that protects lenders in case the borrower defaults on the loan. With a conventional loan, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is generally required if the down payment is less than 20%. With an FHA loan, mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) are required for the life of the loan.
Which loan type has more flexible underwriting requirements?
FHA loans generally have more flexible underwriting requirements compared to conventional loans. They may allow for higher debt-to-income ratios, lower credit scores, and non-traditional credit histories. Conventional loans may have stricter underwriting requirements.
Can you refinance from an FHA loan to a conventional loan?
Yes, you can refinance from an FHA loan to a conventional loan. Refinancing may help you get a lower interest rate, lower monthly payments, or eliminate mortgage insurance. However, it’s important to evaluate the potential costs, benefits, and qualification requirements before proceeding with the refinance.
Conventional loan vs FHA: The bottom line
For today’s low down payment home buyers, there are scenarios in which the FHA loan is what’s best for financing; and there are scenarios in which the Conventional 97 is the clear winner. Mortgage rates for both home loans should be reviewed and evaluated.
Ready to make a home purchase? Talk with a loan officer about your mortgage options. You should compare personalized quotes for both FHA and conventional loans to see which one is cheaper for your situation and suits your needs best.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Our experts answer readers’ home-buying questions and write unbiased product reviews (here’s how we assess mortgages). In some cases, we receive a commission from our partners; however, our opinions are our own.
Last year, it seemed like rates would never stop climbing, with 30-year mortgage rates reaching a more than two-decade high in October 2023. Now rates are much lower, but they’re still relatively high compared to pre-pandemic levels.
The good news is that mortgage rates should go down in 2024, with some forecasts predicting they’ll drop close to 6% by the end of the year. The not-so-good news is that as rates go down, houses are probably going to get more expensive.
The latest housing market predictions for 2024 see home prices rising this year as lower mortgage rates drive an increase in homebuying demand. High mortgage rates have kept a lot of would-be buyers out of the market over the past couple of years. Once rates fall, all that pent-up demand is going to be unleashed on a market that doesn’t have anywhere near enough inventory to meet it.
This will push home prices up. But that doesn’t necessarily mean it will be impossible to buy in 2024, or that prices will spike dramatically everywhere. There will still be opportunities for many buyers to carve out some affordability in this market.
For cash-strapped first-timers who are hoping to buy in 2024, things like down payment assistance and first-time homebuyer loans can make homeownership more affordable, even as prices rise.
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Mortgage Calculator
Use our free mortgage calculator to see how today’s mortgage rates would impact your monthly payments. By plugging in different rates and term lengths, you’ll also understand how much you’ll pay over the entire length of your mortgage.
Mortgage Calculator
$1,161 Your estimated monthly payment
Total paid$418,177
Principal paid$275,520
Interest paid$42,657
Paying a 25% higher down payment would save you $8,916.08 on interest charges
Lowering the interest rate by 1% would save you $51,562.03
Paying an additional $500 each month would reduce the loan length by 146 months
Click “More details” for tips on how to save money on your mortgage in the long run.
30-year Fixed Mortgage Rates
The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate was 6.66% last week, according to Freddie Mac. This is a four-basis-point increase from the previous week.
The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is the most common type of home loan. With this type of mortgage, you’ll pay back what you borrowed over 30 years, and your interest rate won’t change for the life of the loan.
The lengthy 30-year term allows you to spread out your payments over a long period of time, meaning you can keep your monthly payments lower and more manageable. The trade-off is that you’ll have a higher rate than you would with shorter terms or adjustable rates.
15-year Fixed Mortgage Rates
Last week, average 15-year mortgage rates were 5.87%, a two-basis-point decrease from the previous week, according to Freddie Mac data.
If you want the predictability that comes with a fixed rate but are looking to spend less on interest over the life of your loan, a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage might be a good fit for you. Because these terms are shorter and have lower rates than 30-year fixed-rate mortgages, you could potentially save tens of thousands of dollars in interest. However, you’ll have a higher monthly payment than you would with a longer term.
When Will Mortgage Rates Go Down?
Mortgage rates started ticking up from historic lows in the second half of 2021 and increased over three percentage points in 2022. Rates also increased dramatically last year, though they’ve been trending back down in recent months.
As inflation comes down, mortgage rates will recede as well. Most major forecasts expect rates to trend down throughout 2024.
For homeowners looking to leverage their home’s value to cover a big purchase — such as a home renovation — a home equity line of credit (HELOC) may be a good option while we wait for mortgage rates to ease. Check out some of our best HELOC lenders to start your search for the right loan for you.
A HELOC is a line of credit that lets you borrow against the equity in your home. It works similarly to a credit card in that you borrow what you need rather than getting the full amount you’re borrowing in a lump sum. It also lets you tap into the money you have in your home without replacing your entire mortgage, like you’d do with a cash-out refinance.
Current HELOC rates are relatively low compared to other loan options, including credit cards and personal loans.
How Do Fed Rate Hikes Affect Mortgages?
The Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate a lot last year to try to slow economic growth and get inflation under control. Inflation has come down a lot in response to this, though it’s still a little bit above the Fed’s target rate of 2%.
Mortgage rates aren’t directly impacted by changes to the federal funds rate, but they often trend up or down ahead of Fed policy moves. This is because mortgage rates change based on investor demand for mortgage-backed securities, and this demand is often impacted by how investors expect Fed hikes to affect the broader economy.
Fed hikes have pushed mortgage rates up over the last two years. But the Fed has indicated that it’s likely done hiking rates and could start cutting in 2024. Once the Fed cuts rates, mortgage rates should fall even further.
A mortgage is a loan to purchase a home. The loan is repaid with interest in monthly payments over a certain number of years, such as 15, 20 or 30. If the mortgage isn’t repaid, the borrower may lose the home in a multistage process known as foreclosure.
Banks, credit unions and other lenders offer mortgages. To apply, fill out an application and provide documentation about your finances. Lenders consider your income, debts and credit score to decide whether you qualify and the terms to offer.
Types of mortgages
There are a variety of mortgages and home loan programs. Here are some of your choices.
Fixed vs. adjustable rates
There are fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages. The interest rate stays the same for the entire loan term of a fixed-rate mortgage. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, or ARM, the interest rate stays the same for a certain period, up to 10 years, and then adjusts at a specified interval, usually every six months.
15-, 20- and 30-year mortgages
The most popular mortgage term is 30 years, but 15- and 20-year mortgages are also available. Mortgage payments are spread out monthly through the term. At the end, the loan is paid off and the borrower owns the property free and clear.
Government-backed mortgages
These loans are backed by the federal government:
FHA mortgages are backed by the Federal Housing Administration. They allow down payments as low as 3.5% and have more lenient credit score requirements than other loan programs. Borrowers must pay for mortgage insurance.
USDA mortgages, backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and meant for rural home buyers, do not require a down payment, but borrowers must pay an upfront and annual guarantee fee, similar to mortgage insurance for FHA loans.
VA loans, backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, are for veterans and active military members. VA mortgages require no down payment, but borrowers pay a one-time VA funding fee, which can be rolled into the loan.
Conventional loans
Conventional loans are mortgages that are not backed by the federal government. Some conventional loans have down payment requirements as low as 3% — but typically, borrowers must pay for private mortgage insurance if they put down less than 20%.
Conventional mortgages can be conforming or nonconforming. Conforming conventional mortgages fall within certain dollar amount limitations set every year by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. They also meet underwriting guidelines set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the government-sponsored entities that buy conforming loans.
Nonconforming loans don’t abide by those limits and guidelines. For example, jumbo loans are conventional mortgages that exceed the conforming loan limits. They also typically have stricter criteria for approval than other mortgages.
What’s the credit score needed for a home loan?
The credit score needed to buy a home depends on the type of loan and the lender. Most borrowers have scores in the high 600s to 700s. FHA loans generally have the most lenient credit score requirements.
How to compare mortgage rates
You can check current mortgage rates to see the average of what lenders are offering. Then get initial quotes online from some lenders based on your location, loan term, purchase price, down payment amount and other factors.
To get a firm quote, you’ll need to apply for preapproval. During the preapproval process, the lender will check your credit and verify your financial information, such as income, assets and debts.
How to shop for a mortgage lender
The time to shop for a mortgage lender is before you start house hunting. Getting preapproved for a mortgage will show real estate agents and sellers that you’re a serious buyer. It’s smart to get preapproved and then get Loan Estimates from more than one lender. The Loan Estimate provides details about the loan terms, monthly payment and estimated closing costs. With those pieces of information, you can compare offers and choose the best deal.
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Homeowners who want to access their home equity without refinancing or selling can take out second mortgages.
A home equity loan offers access to cash based on the value of the home for any expenses, although it is recommended homeowners use the funds for upgrades and repairs that add value to the home. This loan is paid out in a lump sum that is then repaid over a specific amount of time.
A home equity line of credit, or HELOC, also offers cash but works more like a credit card, allowing a homeowner to withdraw funds multiple times, up to the limit of their credit line, during a specific period and then pay it back.
Because both of these options use the home as collateral, a homeowner must understand that failure to make payments could result in loss of the home. As with purchase loans, it’s wise to compare offers from more than one home equity lender.
Our experts answer readers’ home-buying questions and write unbiased product reviews (here’s how we assess mortgages). In some cases, we receive a commission from our partners; however, our opinions are our own.
Despite the latest Consumer Price Index data coming in a bit hot according to Thursday’s report, mortgage rates have been holding steady this week. Average 30-year mortgage rates remained in a tight 6.3%-to-6.45% range, only up a little bit from the previous week.
The hotter-than-expected CPI numbers, which showed that inflation rose 3.4% year over year in December, led many to wonder if this would cause the Federal Reserve to push back its timeline for rate cuts in 2024.
But investors are currently pricing in an almost 80% likelihood that the Fed will make its first cut to the federal funds rate at its meeting in March, up from 64% a week ago, according to the CME FedWatch Tool. If that happens, we could see mortgage rates inch down further.
But Fed officials may also decide that they want to wait a bit longer before making any moves, in which case mortgage rates may generally stay near their current levels for at least the next few months. We’ll likely get a better idea of when to expect rate cuts at the Fed’s next meeting at the end of January.
Most experts believe mortgage rates will go down in 2024, but the timing will depend a lot on the path of inflation and when the Fed starts lowering the federal funds rate.
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Mortgage Calculator
Use our free mortgage calculator to see how today’s mortgage rates will affect your monthly and long-term payments.
Mortgage Calculator
$1,161 Your estimated monthly payment
Total paid$418,177
Principal paid$275,520
Interest paid$42,657
Paying a 25% higher down payment would save you $8,916.08 on interest charges
Lowering the interest rate by 1% would save you $51,562.03
Paying an additional $500 each month would reduce the loan length by 146 months
By plugging in different term lengths and interest rates, you’ll see how your monthly payment could change.
Mortgage Rate Projection for 2024
Mortgage rates increased dramatically for most of 2023, though they started trending back down in the final months of the year. As the economy continues to normalize in 2024, rates should come down even further.
In the last 12 months, the Consumer Price Index rose by 3.4%, a significant slowdown compared to when it peaked at 9.1% in 2022. This is good news for mortgage rates — as inflation slows and the Federal Reserve is able to start cutting the federal funds rate, mortgage rates are expected to trend down as well.
For homeowners looking to leverage their home’s value to cover a big purchase — such as a home renovation — a home equity line of credit (HELOC) may be a good option while we wait for mortgage rates to ease. Check out some of the best HELOC lenders to start your search for the right loan for you.
A HELOC is a line of credit that lets you borrow against the equity in your home. It works similarly to a credit card in that you borrow what you need rather than getting the full amount you’re borrowing in a lump sum. It also lets you tap into the money you have in your home without replacing your entire mortgage, like you’d do with a cash-out refinance.
Current HELOC rates are relatively low compared to other loan options, including credit cards and personal loans.
When Will House Prices Come Down?
We aren’t likely to see home prices drop anytime soon thanks to extremely limited supply. In fact, they’ll likely rise this year.
Fannie Mae researchers expect prices to increase 6.7% in 2023 and 2.8% in 2024, while the Mortgage Bankers Association expects a 5.7% increase in 2023 and a 4.1% increase in 2024.
Sky high mortgage rates pushed many hopeful buyers out of the market last year, slowing homebuying demand and keeping price growth somewhat moderate. But rates are expected to drop this year, which will likely push home prices even higher. The current supply of homes is also historically low, which only exacerbates the problem.
Fixed-Rate vs. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Pros and Cons
Fixed-rate mortgages lock in your rate for the entire life of your loan. Adjustable-rate mortgages lock in your rate for the first few years, then your rate goes up or down periodically.
So how do you choose between a fixed-rate vs. adjustable-rate mortgage?
ARMs typically start with lower rates than fixed-rate mortgages, but ARM rates can go up once your initial introductory period is over. If you plan on moving or refinancing before the rate adjusts, an ARM could be a good deal. But keep in mind that a change in circumstances could prevent you from doing these things, so it’s a good idea to think about whether your budget could handle a higher monthly payment.
Fixed-rate mortgage are a good choice for borrowers who want stability, since your monthly principal and interest payments won’t change throughout the life of the loan (though your mortgage payment could increase if your taxes or insurance go up).
But in exchange for this stability, you’ll take on a higher rate. This might seem like a bad deal right now, but if rates increase further down the road, you might be glad to have a rate locked in. And if rates trend down, you may be able to refinance to snag a lower rate
How Does an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Work?
Adjustable-rate mortgages start with an introductory period where your rate will remain fixed for a certain period of time. Once that period is up, it will begin to adjust periodically — typically once per year or once every six months.
How much your rate will change depends on the index that the ARM uses and the margin set by the lender. Lenders choose the index that their ARMs use, and this rate can trend up or down depending on current market conditions.
The margin is the amount of interest a lender charges on top of the index. You should shop around with multiple lenders to see which one offers the lowest margin.
ARMs also come with limits on how much they can change and how high they can go. For example, an ARM might be limited to a 2% increase or decrease every time it adjusts, with a maximum rate of 8%.
A proprietary reverse mortgage from Finance of America Companies (FOA) now secures the home of Rhode Island’s honorary historian laureate after the property was returned to the owner after attempts to bequeath it to a nonprofit historical society he founded. This is according to reporting from The Providence Journal.
The original reporting described the amount of the loan as nearly one-fifth higher than the current $4 million limit for “HomeSafe,” the private-label product offered by FOA’s reverse mortgage division Finance of America Reverse (FAR). The company later told RMD, however, that the loan was within current product lending limits.
The bequest asset
Patrick Conley, who was previously named Rhode Island’s honorary historian laureate, aimed to leave his waterfront home located in Bristol, R.I. to the Heritage Harbor Foundation. It is an organization Conley founded to “augment the audience, impact, or sustainability of existing programs, projects or initiatives aimed at increasing familiarity with Rhode Island history,” according to its official website.
Under the terms of the bequest, Conley and his wife would be able to remain in the home while the foundation continued to pay “one or more of their mortgages, totaling $880,000, according to a board member and a fundraising letter written by Conley,” the reporting said.
The terms of the bequest sound similar to those of an early-recorded instance of a reverse mortgage.
“The couple could potentially live out their lives mortgage-free,” the Journal reported. “The foundation would get what was described, in a January 2023 fundraising package, as a ‘prestigious headquarters … [and] site for small scale, but elegant events’ with its ‘voluminous library on American legal and constitutional development’ as a resource for nearby Roger Williams University‘s law school.”
Existing mortgage troubles
However, the foundation later returned the home to the Conleys in mid-2023, citing the existing mortgages as “encumbrances” that diminished the foundation’s ability to accomplish its grant-giving goals.
“We all voted happily to accept the gift when it was first offered,” said Kenneth Dooley, a foundation board member, to the Journal. “We again voted unanimously to return it when the mortgage payments cut into our grant-making ability. […] The Conleys returned all of the mortgage payments, with interest.”
The pandemic-era run-up in home prices and the property’s reappraisal made the burdens of the mortgage payments too high when deducted from the gift itself, Dooley explained to the outlet, despite the Conleys continuing to pay for taxes, utilities and renovations for the property.
Enter FAR/FOA
Conley did seek alternative means to satisfy the debt, but when those came up short he turned to the reverse mortgage industry.
After re-obtaining the property, “the Conleys applied for and received a $4.99-million reverse mortgage with Finance America that paid off the two existing mortgages” which also gave them a “substantial line of credit,” according to the reporting. However, the company clarified for RMD that the originally-reported amount is incorrect.
The 2023 reverse mortgage limit for Federal Housing Administration (FHA)-insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECMs) stood at $1,089,300, but proprietary reverse mortgages are not subject to FHA limits. The property is instead secured by FOA’s “HomeSafe” proprietary reverse mortgage product, where the loan amounts go up to $4 million.
When asked about the reportedly higher lending limit for this loan, a FOA spokesperson told RMD that the reporting on the loan amount is simply incorrect and that it is “within current HomeSafe lending limits.”
Estate planning application
The company also explained that this application of its private product emphasizes the utility of HomeSafe according to Paul Fiore, chief retail sales officer at FAR.
“It is gratifying to see our team help a borrower like Dr. Conley creatively use home equity to establish a living legacy,” Fiore said. “Because Finance of America has the widest range of home equity products designed for homeowners at or near retirement, we were able to create the financial flexibility the Conleys were seeking.”
Reverse mortgage industry professionals have long emphasized the potential for a reverse mortgage to serve as a retirement or estate planning tool, and Conley’s loan helps illustrate that, he said.
“We are thrilled that our HomeSafe product enabled these estate planning goals and generous philanthropic gift,” Fiore said. “It’s another real-life example of how our solutions can empower individuals and their families to take control of their financial futures and secure their legacies.”
If you’ve been actively house hunting for a while, chances are you’ve come across a real estate listing that was referred to as a HUD home. But what exactly does that mean? Is this type of home worth considering as your next purchase?
Discover everything you need to know about HUD homes and whether this type of home is right for you. While there is some risk involved, the potential for reward is also great. So read on and see if you should start searching for HUD homes in your area.
What is a HUD home?
Owned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), a HUD home is a type of residential foreclosure. Traditional foreclosures occur when a homeowner defaults on their home loan.
If they can’t reach a repayment agreement with their lender, the lender takes ownership of the property. Then, the lender lists the property for sale to get the balance owed on the mortgage loan.
FHA Insurance and Its Impact
Foreclosed properties often sell well below the amount owed to the lender, who then takes a loss on the property. However, if the home is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the foreclosure process happens a little differently.
The Federal Housing Administration is actually a department within HUD. It doesn’t make loans directly, but it does help ensure borrowers with a specific type of loan to help encourage homeownership. The FHA also provides mortgage insurance to FHA-approved lenders.
FHA mortgages entice lenders to originate and fund the loan since underwriting standards are slightly less stringent than a conventional loan.
However, when a home financed by an FHA loan goes into foreclosure, HUD reimburses the original lender for the outstanding loan balance. HUD then takes over ownership and sells it to compensate for the cost it paid to the lender.
The Process of Buying a HUD Home
When a regular home is listed for sale, the seller works with their real estate agent to come up with a price based on comparable houses in the area.
When a HUD home is put on the market, it goes through an appraisal process to determine its fair market value. The list price also considers any necessary repairs that are needed in the home.
The HUD Bidding System
With a normal listing, you’d tour the house and make an offer to the seller via your respective real estate agents. It specifically helps to work with an agent who has experience with HUD homes, but it’s not necessary.
While you still tour HUD homes with your real estate agent, the offer process is entirely different. Rather than making a traditional offer, you place a bid. If your agent is registered with HUD, they can submit the bid online for you.
There is a designated bid period. Once yours is submitted, they will compare it to any other bids that have been received. If yours is the highest offer, you’ll get an acknowledgment from HUD.
At that time, your agent will send you a contract, which you have 48 hours to submit to your regional HUD office. This is the only way to lock in the home and get the ownership underway. Otherwise, they could put it back on the market. So, always submit your documents in a timely manner.
HUD Home Buying Process
You often only get one shot at placing an offer on a HUD home, so it’s important to develop an informed strategy beforehand. While you may think it warrants an automatic lowball offer, this isn’t necessarily the case, especially if you live in a competitive real estate market.
In addition to looking at comps in the area and the home’s condition, you can also base your offer on the length of time the home has been on the market. If it’s new on the market, you probably don’t want to come in too low on your offer price. This is unless you’re only interested in the property at a certain price point.
HUD Home Costs and Financing Options
HUD often accepts offers between 85% and 88% of the list price. That’s a good frame of reference when developing your bid unless, of course, someone comes in with a higher offer. If the property has been on the market for several months, you definitely have more leverage in making a lower offer.
Your deposit will generally range from $500 – $2,000. Your mortgage payments will depend on how much your down payment is. The higher your down payment amount, the lower your mortgage payments will be. Closing costs usually average to be about 3-4% of the purchase price of a home. However, if you buy a HUD home, HUD may pay most of your closing costs.
Assessing Risks and Rewards in ‘As-Is’ HUD Home Sales
That’s because, unlike most regular listings, HUD homes are sold as-is. So, regardless of what work needs to be done, HUD will not take care of it to sell the house. But, of course, this is typically true of any foreclosed property.
That’s why it’s vital to have an inspection completed before you make an offer. Unlike other buying processes, you should have the inspection done first. Then, use it to inform your bid offer because you can’t renegotiate based on the results.
It’s definitely worth spending a couple of hundred dollars to ensure the needed renovations are within your scope.
Pros and Cons of Buying a HUD Home
Purchasing a HUD home can be an attractive option for many buyers, offering a unique blend of financial advantages and potential challenges. Understanding these pros and cons is crucial in making an informed decision.
Pros
Competitive pricing: One of the most significant benefits of HUD homes is their affordability. These properties are typically priced below-market value, providing an excellent opportunity for buyers to secure a home at a reduced cost. This pricing advantage makes HUD homes particularly appealing to first-time buyers and those looking for good value in the housing market.
Accessible down payments: HUD homes often come with the advantage of requiring lower down payments. In some cases, buyers may be eligible to make a down payment as low as 3.5% of the purchase price. This lower threshold can make homeownership more accessible, especially for those who may struggle to save for a larger down payment required in traditional home purchases.
Reduced Closing costs: Another financial benefit of purchasing a HUD home is the potential for lower closing costs. HUD may cover a portion of these costs, reducing the overall expenses that buyers need to pay out-of-pocket. This can make the process of buying a home more affordable and less daunting financially.
Cons
‘As-Is’ condition: One of the primary challenges of buying a HUD home is that they are sold in ‘as-is’ condition. This means that the buyer assumes responsibility for all repairs and renovations needed, which can sometimes be extensive. Potential buyers should carefully consider the condition of the property and be prepared for the possibility of unforeseen repair expenses.
Lengthier closing process: The process of closing on a HUD home can be more time-consuming compared to traditional home purchases. This is due to the additional paperwork, approvals, and procedures required by the government. Buyers should be prepared for a potentially prolonged process and factor this into their planning.
Additional financial considerations: While HUD homes can offer lower initial costs, they may require additional financial commitments, such as escrow deposits for repairs. These added expenses can arise from the need to address issues not covered under the ‘as-is’ purchase agreement. It’s important for buyers to be aware of and budget for these potential extra costs.
Financing Your HUD Home Purchase
You don’t need your full offer price in cash; in fact, you can use just about any loan type. The trick is to make sure the home’s condition qualifies for the loan type’s eligibility requirements.
Government-backed loans such as FHA, VA, and USDA loans have stricter requirements than conventional loans. For example, an appraiser for FHA loans looks for the following items:
A lot sloping away from the house
Windows in each bedroom
Chipped lead paint (in pre-1978 homes)
Handrails on stairs
Sufficient heating system
Solid roof and foundation
If the HUD property does not meet these basic requirements, you’ll need to find alternative financing. A conventional loan appraisal is more concerned about the home’s market value and comes with stricter credit and income requirements.
There are options, however, to finance repairs. One is a 203(B) loan, which allows you to finance up to $5,000 in repairs. The other is a 203(K) loan, which finances up to $35,000 in repairs.
Finding HUD Homes in Your Area
Your real estate agent can help you locate HUD homes in your area, especially if that’s their area of expertise. However, to start looking on your own, you can access HUD’s database of homes for sale. This online tool allows you to search several criteria to find the home you want in a specific location.
You can search by state, county, or city, as well as price range and home features. In addition to the number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and square footage, you have the option to search for a limited number of special features, including:
Fireplace or wood stove
Single or multiple stories
Outdoor amenities, like patio, pool, porch, or fence
Parking type
Housing type
Property age
Despite not being as user-friendly as a site like Zillow, the HUD website allows you to browse listings and find something that meets your needs.
Can investors buy HUD properties?
Purchasing a foreclosed home as an investment can be a great idea, assuming you’ve done ample research into your local market.
If you’re ready to jump into the real estate game as a landlord or Airbnb host, you should certainly add the HUD portal to your property source list. However, it’s important to realize that there are a few restrictions for investors.
As we mentioned earlier, HUD properties are listed in bidding periods. The first period is an “exclusive listing period” and only accepts offers from owner-occupant buyers, non-profit organizations, and government entities. In other words, they are initially offered to buyers who intend to live in them as their primary residence.
After that 15-day period, if no offer has been submitted, HUD opens up an extended bidding period to investors. At that point, you may submit a bid to purchase the property as some type of investment.
What happens if a HUD property is not sold?
HUD lists its foreclosure homes for six months before taking other actions. If the home is not sold within that time frame, they can sell the property to a nonprofit or government agency for $1. The home must then be transformed into either affordable housing for families within the community, or benefit the area in some other way.
HUD also offers programs for public servants such as teachers and police officers. This program, called the Good Neighbor Next Door, provides teachers, police officers, firefighters, and EMTs with a 50% discount off the list price of eligible HUD homes.
This program aims to revitalize and strengthen communities by having public servants live and work in the same place.
Is a HUD Home Right for You?
Be aware of the potential for both risk and reward. Start by evaluating your wishlist for a home, whether it’s for yourself or as an investment.
If you’re looking for a move-in ready house, it may not be right for you. It’s also not a good idea if you’re risk-averse. Even if you perform a home inspection, it may not catch every single problem with a home.
Even after the former owner vacates the property, it takes time for the original lender to process the paperwork and transfer the property to HUD. Then HUD must perform an appraisal and go through the listing process. This lengthy process can lead to additional neglect and damage incurred to the property.
The Reality of Distressed Properties
On the plus side, you may have the opportunity to gain some quick equity, depending on the location, condition, and final sales price. This is especially true if you’re willing to buy a fixer-upper.
As long as you understand the process and the associated risks of buying a HUD home, you can potentially put yourself into a better financial situation. This includes a lower monthly mortgage payment and greater home equity.
Just be realistic about what you’re willing to put into a home (both time and money). Furthermore, play out worst-case scenarios and make sure you’re ok with each of them. With an open and informed mind, you could get a great housing deal with HUD.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I purchase a HUD home?
You can purchase a HUD home by submitting a bid through an approved real estate broker, or by submitting an offer directly to HUD.
Who is eligible to purchase a HUD home?
Anyone can purchase a HUD home. However, certain restrictions may apply, such as income limits and owner occupancy requirements.
Is there a minimum bid requirement for HUD homes?
No, HUD does not specify a fixed minimum bid amount for its homes. The acceptable bid varies based on the property’s appraised value and market conditions. Very low bids are less likely to be accepted, especially during initial periods reserved for owner-occupants. For specific bidding information, consult the HUD Home Store or a real estate agent with HUD experience.
Can I buy a HUD home as a vacation property or second home?
HUD homes are primarily intended for buyers who will use them as their primary residence. There are specific periods during the bidding process when only owner-occupant bids are considered. However, if a HUD home remains unsold after these periods, it may become available for purchase as a vacation or second home.
Is it possible to negotiate the price of a HUD home?
Unlike traditional real estate transactions, the price of a HUD home is generally non-negotiable. HUD homes are priced at fair market value, considering their condition. The bidding process is the primary way to determine the final sale price, and HUD will accept the highest reasonable offer.
How long does it take to close on a HUD home after my bid is accepted?
The closing process for a HUD home can vary, but it generally takes longer than a traditional home purchase. Typically, you can expect the closing process to take anywhere from 30 to 60 days from the acceptance of your bid. This timeframe can be affected by various factors, including the type of financing and the specific procedures of your local HUD office.
Are HUD homes eligible for home warranties?
HUD homes are sold ‘as-is’ and do not come with warranties. Buyers are encouraged to have a home inspection before making a bid to understand any potential issues. However, after purchase, homeowners can independently obtain home warranties from private providers for future protection.
What is the ‘Good Neighbor Next Door’ program?
The Good Neighbor Next Door program is a HUD initiative aimed at encouraging community revitalization. This program offers a significant discount (up to 50% off the list price) on eligible HUD homes to law enforcement officers, teachers, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians who commit to living in the property as their primary residence for at least 36 months.