“The latest data on inflation was not markedly better nor worse than expected, which was enough to bring mortgage rates down a bit, with the 30-year fixed mortgage rate declining slightly last week to 7.02%,” MBA senior vice president Mike Fratantoni said, adding that the significant boost in mortgage applications, particularly for FHA loans, underscores … [Read more…]
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs doesn’t have a minimum credit requirement for loans. However, private lenders are usually more favorable to applicants with a credit score of at least 500.
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (or VA for short) doesn’t have set credit requirements for loans. Yet, “What is the minimum credit score for a VA loan?” remains a common question. This is because there are private lenders who also offer VA loans—and who typically have specific credit requirements for borrowers.
Most private lenders are willing to work with applicants who have at least a 500 credit score. The higher your score, the more likely you are to obtain a loan. Here, we’ll discuss the nuances of credit scores and the military‘s requirements for VA loans. We’ll also share how Lexington Law Firm can assist you on your credit-building journey.
Key takeaways:
The VA has a special debt relief program for veterans.
Veterans can qualify for unique loans.
The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act only applies to active-duty members.
The minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA doesn’t require a minimum credit score for loans. Private lenders, however, will use your credit score to gauge your eligibility and set your interest rate. Applicants with higher credit scores tend to receive better rates, and private lenders tend to look favorably on applicants with good credit scores (670 – 739, according to the FICO® model).
That said, it’s still possible to get a loan with bad credit. Applicants with low credit scores can make a higher down payment if they have the capital to do so. Applying with a cosigner is also another valid alternative; lenders will look at the creditworthiness of both signees when deciding whether or not to approve you.
What are the VA loan eligibility requirements?
VA loans have unique qualifiers besides credit scores that applicants will need to keep in mind. Since the Department of Veterans Affairs primarily works with service members who’ve already retired, many active-duty service members may not be eligible for VA loans.
Below, we’ll break down the eligibility criteria for VA loans by category.
Credit and income Information
We know the VA doesn’t have strict limits on credit, but they do require proof of income. Applicants will also have much better odds if their debt-to-income ratio is below the 44 percent threshold.
Discharge status
So long as an applicant wasn’t dishonorably discharged from service, they are eligible for a loan. Unless a service member was deemed insane when they were charged, title 38 of the United States Code (38 U.S.C. § 5303) states that individuals are susceptible to a statutory bar to benefits if they were released or discharged for any of the following reasons:
Was sentenced to a general court-martial
Was a conscientious objector and refused to comply with lawful orders of competent military command
Deserted their post
Resignation by an officer for the good of the service
Being absent without official leave (AWOL) for a consistent period of 180 days or more
Requested release from service as an alien during a period of hostilities
Certificate of eligibility
You’ll need a certificate of eligibility (COE) to apply for a VA home loan. Once you gain a copy of your discharge/separation papers, you can request your COE by mail, phone, through a lender or via the VA’s online portal.
Military service status
The requirements for this category will vary depending on your relationship with the military.
Active-duty service members: Must have 90 consecutive days of service.
Veterans: Must have 90 days of service during wartime or 181 days of service during peacetime.
National Guard or Reservists: Are required to have 90 days of active duty service or six completed years of service.
Spouses: Spouses of deceased or disabled service members.
Occupancy requirements
The VA has specific occupancy requirements to deter people from misusing their loans. VA loans are intended for primary residences, not investment properties or vacation homes. To that end, applicants can only secure VA for their primary residence and will need to submit proof of homeownership in most instances.
Applicants will also have 60 days after closing on a property to move in and occupy it as their primary residence. In certain circumstances (such as if an applicant is on active duty), this 60-day window will be extended.
What are the benefits of using a VA loan?
VA loans provide a host of advantages to anyone who can secure them. Several examples include:
No down payment: If you can secure a VA loan for your home, you won’t be required to offer a down payment. Applicants who want to lower their interest rate will still have the option to place a down payment.
Low-interest rates: Because VA loans are backed by the government, they traditionally come with some of the lowest interest rates available.
PMI isn’t required: Once again, thanks to government backing, VA loans let applicants save money by forgoing private mortgage insurance (PMI).
3 simple ways to improve your credit
We’ve established that private lenders prefer applicants with good credit. FICO, one of the most respected credit reporting companies in the world, defines good credit scores as any that fall between 670 and 739.
If your score isn’t already in that range, here are a few strategies to help you along the way.
Regularly make your payments on time
FICO considers payment history to be the most important factor when determining what affects your credit score. VantageScore®, a credit reporting company founded by Equifax®, Experian® and TransUnion®, also holds payment history in high regard.
Missing a payment can drastically hurt your credit. On the other hand, consistently making payments on time, even if it’s just the minimum payment, will steadily yield positive results.
Maintain a low credit utilization rate
Credit utilization looks at your credit borrowing trends—your current balances compared with your total credit limit determines your credit utilization rate for a given period. FICO and VantageScore urge borrowers to keep their utilization rates below 10 percent, though 30 percent and below is the next best option.
Dispute errors on your credit report
Errors can appear on your credit report that can dramatically lower your credit. It’s possible to challenge these errors and potentially have them removed, though many people may need help handling credit disputes.
Lexington Law Firm works to help people address these errors on their reports. Plus, we can also contact the major credit reporting bureaus on your behalf.
Monitor your credit with Lexington Law Firm
Low credit scores may make it harder to secure a VA loan. However, it’s never too late to improve your credit and bolster your eligibility. Lexington Law Firm offers unique credit repair services for veterans and service members whose credit may have altered during their time in the military.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Alexis Peacock
Supervising Attorney
Alexis Peacock was born in Santa Cruz, California and raised in Scottsdale, Arizona.
In 2013, she earned her Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice and Criminology, graduating cum laude from Arizona State University. Ms. Peacock received her Juris Doctor from Arizona Summit Law School and graduated in 2016. Prior to joining Lexington Law Firm, Ms. Peacock worked in Criminal Defense as both a paralegal and practicing attorney. Ms. Peacock represented clients in criminal matters varying from minor traffic infractions to serious felony cases. Alexis is licensed to practice law in Arizona. She is located in the Phoenix office.
Owning a home is an integral part of the American Dream, but it can often feel more like a mirage to those wrestling with bad credit. The idea of being shackled by a poor credit score might have you convinced that the dream of homeownership is unattainable.
But here’s a plot twist — a poor credit score does not necessarily slam the door to your dream house. Yes, it might add a few challenges to the journey, but the path to homeownership is far from being erased.
In this article, we’re going to simplify the process and illuminate the steps you can take to make your dream of homeownership a reality, even with bad credit. So buckle up and prepare for a deep dive into the world of credit scores, mortgages, and the surprising possibilities that await you.
10 Steps to Buy a House With Bad Credit
Bad credit doesn’t mean a ‘no’ to homeownership—it just implies a more strategic approach is required. From understanding your credit situation and improving your score, to exploring different mortgage options and considering a larger down payment, there are several actionable steps you can take.
Let’s embark on this journey together, helping you turn the dream of owning your own home into a reachable reality, irrespective of your credit score.
1. Know Your Credit Scores
How low are your credit scores? Do you know what’s causing you to have poor credit? Or are you assuming it’s bad because of past financial missteps?
What is a ‘bad’ credit score?
What constitutes a bad credit score? Generally, the ranges are as follows:
Excellent: 781 and above
Good: 661-780
Fair: 601-660
Poor: 501-600
Bad: 500 and below
So, if your credit score is 600 or lower, you’d fall into the subprime consumer category.
Check Out Our Top Picks for 2024:
Best Mortgage Loans for Bad Credit
How Your Credit Scores are Calculated
You should also have an understanding of how your credit score is calculated so you’ll know how much to improve it before applying. The five components are as follows:
Payment history (35%): Do you make timely payments to your creditors each month? If you’ve missed several payments in the past, your credit scores could be suffering. And other past-due bills that became collection accounts also negatively impact your payment history.
Amounts owed (30%): How much do you still owe creditors? If your debt-to-available credit or credit utilization ratio on revolving accounts is high, it could affect your credit scores.
Length of credit history (15%): How long have you had credit? A more established credit profile could equate to a higher FICO score.
Credit mix (10%): Do you have a healthy mix of revolving and installment credit? Lenders like to see a combination of both, and having several of one and not the other could lower your credit scores.
New credit (10%): Have you recently opened several new credit accounts? If so, prospective lenders may see you as more of a risk.
How to Check Your Credit Score
There are several free options to choose from. However, you can start by contacting your bank to see if it’s a service provided to account holders, free of charge. Or if you have credit cards, check the statement or online dashboard as it may appear there.
Did you recently apply for a mortgage and were denied? Lenders must explain their decisions in a letter and disclose that you can request a copy of the credit report used to make the decision.
In some instances, the denial letter will explain the denial and the credit score the lender used during the evaluation process. Lenders use different algorithms and credit scoring models. However, you can use this number as a starting point.
Lastly, you can use credit monitoring tools, like Identity IQ and Identity Guard, to view variations of your credit score. They also offer great identity theft protection.
2. Rectify Errors in Your Credit Report
According to the results of a study conducted by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 20% of credit reports contain errors. But why does this matter? Well, what’s in your report determines your credit score. And there’s a possibility that an error could result in a low credit score and prevent you from obtaining a mortgage.
So, you’ll want to get a free copy of your report and review it from top to bottom. If you spot errors, take the following steps to have them rectified:
Step 1: Print out a hard copy of your credit report and circle the items in question.
Step 2: Draft up a letter of dispute to submit to the credit bureaus. For a template, click here.
Step 3: Send the letter, the highlighted copy of your credit report, and any supporting documentation to the credit bureaus.
Step 4: Follow-up in writing with the credit bureaus after 30 days if you still haven’t received a response.
If you need additional help with credit report errors, review this comprehensive guide from the FTC.
It can take a while for credit reports to reflect updates made by disputing errors. So, prepare to fix your credit at least a few months before applying for a mortgage. That way, you can ensure any positive changes have time to improve your credit.
What if everything is accurate?
There’s a possibility that a series of financial missteps or a rough patch has left your credit in shambles and the effects are lingering. If that’s the case, reach out to the creditors and request that they remove the negative mark from your credit report in exchange for a settlement of the account in question.
This is called a pay-for-delete agreement and can do wonders for your credit if the creditor is on board. But be sure to get the agreement in writing.
If the account is showing as a paid collection item, this approach won’t work since the account has already been paid off.
However, you can write a letter to the creditor explaining your circumstances and ask that they honor a goodwill adjustment so you can get approved for a mortgage. You may not have luck with either approach right away, but consistency could pay off.
3. Run the Numbers
Mortgage loans designed for consumers with subpar credit sometimes come at a higher cost. Why so? It’s all a matter of risk.
The mortgage lender wants to be protected if you default on the loan and the home goes into foreclosure. So, if you’re adamant about getting a mortgage with bad credit, be prepared for the financial implications.
To illustrate, assume you’re seeking a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage for $250,000. Below is an example of how the figures could play out, based on your creditworthiness:
CREDIT SCORE
MONTHLY PAYMENT
INTEREST PAID OVER LIFE OF LOAN
TOTAL COST OF LOAN
Excellent Credit
4%
$179,674
$429,674
Good Credit
5%
$233,139
$483,139
Fair Credit
6%
$289,595
$539,595
Poor Credit
7%
$348,772
$598,772
And these figures don’t even factor in property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, and private mortgage insurance (if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%).
The good news is you can always refinance the loan at a later date when your credit score and financial situation improve.
4. Consider an FHA Loan
An FHA Loan is a great option for anyone who wants to buy a house with bad credit. These loans are issued by private lenders, but the loan is guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration. This guarantee protects the mortgage lender from borrowers that eventually default on their mortgage.
FHA loans come with less stringent requirements so they are easier to apply for than a conventional mortgage. However, FHA loans tend to have higher interest rates and closing costs than conventional mortgages.
FHA Loan Requirements
That being said, there are a few requirements you’ll need to meet:
You need a minimum credit score of 580.
You must have proof of a stable monthly income.
If your credit score is 580 or higher, you’ll need a minimum down payment of at least 3.5%.
If your credit score is 500 or higher you’ll need a minimum down payment of at least 10%.
The home you’re purchasing must be your primary residence.
There are other requirements you’ll need to meet to qualify for an FHA loan. These loans are capped at a certain amount, though this will vary depending on where you live.
You’ll also have to work with an FHA approved lender and pay private mortgage insurance (PMI), which will increase your monthly payment.
See also: FHA Loan Requirements for 2024
5. Consider a VA Loan
If you’re a veteran who has bad credit, then you may be eligible to take out a VA loan. VA loans are issued through private lenders, but the mortgage is backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
The program is designed to help veterans get back on their feet and has served as a lifeline for many struggling veterans. And VA loans have many advantages.
There is no down payment required, and you don’t have to purchase PMI. Additionally, there is no minimum credit score requirement. The interest rates are very competitive, and it’s fairly easy to apply for a VA loan.
VA Loan Requirements
However, there are a few requirements you’ll need to meet first:
Active duty military or a veteran who was honorably discharged.
You’ve served for at least 90 consecutive days during active wartime.
You’ve served for at least 180 consecutive days during active peacetime.
More than six years in the National Guard.
If your spouse died in the line of duty you may qualify for the VA loan program as well.
See also: VA Home Loans: Everything You Need to Know
6. Consider a USDA Loan
The USDA typically offers these no-down-payment mortgage loans in rural areas and lower-density suburbs. To qualify for a USDA loan, borrowers must meet income limits based on their household size and the median income of their county. You must also have a minimum credit score of 580.
See also: Guide for First-Time Homebuyers with Bad Credit
7. Explore Other Lending Options
If you aren’t a candidate for FHA or VA loans, you might consider alternative lenders. Loan aggregators like Lending Tree are a good way to determine if you qualify for conventional loan products.
Lending Tree won’t give you a loan but will match you with mortgage lenders that are willing to work with you. It only takes a few minutes to sign up on the company’s website, and you can receive mortgage offers from multiple lenders.
If you’ve been banking with the same financial institution for an extended period of time, you might also consider applying for a mortgage there.
Banks tend to have stricter lending requirements, but they may be willing to consider you for a mortgage based on your long-standing history with the bank. At the very least, it can’t hurt to try.
8. Save Up for a Down Payment
Lenders may be reluctant to approve you for a house with bad credit. And the higher the loan amount, the more risk they’ll have to assume.
It is more likely that you’ll be approved if you put down a large down payment, since the loan amount will be lower. Plus, you’ll save a bundle on interest.
So, how much should you save for a down payment? The standard 20% required for most conventional loans is a good starting point, but the higher, the better. (Plus, you may be able to avoid mortgage insurance).
It’s also a good idea to have as much cash in your savings account as possible. This demonstrates to lenders that despite having poor credit, you can handle financial emergencies or cover unexpected financial occurrences as they arise. It’s not necessary to stow away an entire year of income in the bank, but three to six months will suffice.
Worried about your credit taking a hit if you apply with several lenders? Don’t be. According to myFICO, “inquiries for mortgage loans generated in a 30-day window count as a single inquiry.”
So, if you shop around and apply with ten separate lenders in a 30-day window, your credit will only be impacted by one inquiry since FICO scoring models recognize that you’re conducting a home loan search.
10. Sign on the Dotted Line
Congratulations! You’ve done your homework, saved up for a down payment, and shopped around to find the lowest interest rate. Despite your credit troubles, you’ve done the legwork to buy the home of your dreams.
But if you weren’t as fortunate and found that it wasn’t the right time to buy, don’t fret. Be patient while working diligently to boost your credit score and get your finances in order.
Furthermore, be sure to make all your rent payments on time to show potential lenders that you are responsible and can handle your housing obligations. That way, you’ll have more luck next time around.
The VA home loan: Unbeatable benefits for veterans
For many who qualify, VA home loans are some of the best mortgages available.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA loans are designed to help active-duty military personnel, veterans and certain other groups become homeowners at an affordable cost.
The VA loan asks for no down payment, requires no mortgage insurance, and has lenient rules about qualifying, among many other advantages.
Here’s everything you need to know about qualifying for and using a VA loan.
In this article (Skip to…)
Top 10 VA loan benefits
1. No down payment on a VA loan
Most home loan programs require you to make at least a small down payment to buy a home. The VA home loan is an exception.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Rather than paying 5%, 10%, 20% or more of the home’s purchase price upfront in cash, with a VA loan you can finance up to 100% of the purchase price.
The VA loan is a true no-money-down home mortgage opportunity.
2. No mortgage insurance for VA loans
Typically, lenders require you to pay for mortgage insurance if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%.
This insurance — which is known as private mortgage insurance (PMI) for a conventional loan and a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) for an FHA loan — would protect the lender if you defaulted on your loan.
VA loans require neither a down payment nor mortgage insurance. That makes a VA-backed mortgage very affordable upfront and over time.
3. VA loans have a government guarantee
There’s a reason why the VA loan comes with such favorable terms.
The federal government guarantees these loans — meaning a portion of the loan amount will be repaid to the lender even if you’re unable to make monthly payments for whatever reason.
This guarantee encourages and enables private lenders to offer VA loans with exceptionally attractive terms.
4. You can shop for the best VA loan rates
VA loans are neither originated nor funded by the VA. They are not direct loans from the government. Furthermore, mortgage rates for VA loans are not set by the VA itself.
Instead, VA loans are offered by U.S. banks, savings-and-loans institutions, credit unions, and mortgage lenders — each of which sets its own VA loan rates and fees.
This means you can shop around and compare loan offers and still choose the VA loan that works best for your budget.
5. VA loans don’t allow a prepayment penalty
A VA loan won’t restrict your right to sell the property partway through your loan term.
There’s no prepayment penalty or early-exit fee no matter within what time frame you decide to sell your home.
Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding a refinance of your VA loan.
You can refinance your existing VA loan into another VA loan via the agency’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL) program, or switch into a non-VA loan at any time.
6. VA mortgages come in many varieties
A VA loan can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. In addition, you can use a VA loan to buy a house, condo, new-built home, manufactured home, duplex, or other types of properties.
Or, it can be used for refinancing your existing mortgage, making repairs or improvements to your home, or making your home more energy-efficient.
The choice is yours. A VA-approved lender can help you decide.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
7. It’s easier to qualify for VA loans
Like all mortgage types, VA loans require specific documentation, an acceptable credit history, and sufficient income to make your monthly payments.
But, compared to other loan programs, VA loan guidelines tend to be more flexible. This is made possible because of the VA loan guarantee.
The Department of Veterans Affairs genuinely wants to make the loan process easier for military members, veterans, and qualifying military spouses to buy or refinance a home.
8. VA loan closing costs are lower
The VA limits the closing costs lenders can charge to VA loan applicants. This is another way that a VA loan can be more affordable than other types of loans.
Money saved on closing costs can be used for furniture, moving costs, home improvements, or anything else.
9. The VA offers funding fee flexibility
VA loans require a “funding fee,” an upfront cost based on your loan amount, your type of eligible service, your down payment size, and other factors.
Funding fees don’t need to be paid in cash, though. The VA allows the fee to be financed with the loan, so nothing is due at closing.
And, not all VA borrowers will pay it. VA funding fees are normally waived for veterans who receive VA disability compensation and for unmarried surviving spouses of veterans who died in service or as a result of a service-connected disability.
10. VA loans are assumable
Most VA loans are “assumable,” which means you can transfer your VA loan to a future home buyer if that person is also VA-eligible.
Assumable loans can be a huge benefit when you sell your home — especially in a rising mortgage rate environment.
If your home loan has today’s low rate and market rates rise in the future, the assumption features of your VA become even more valuable.
VA loan rates
The VA loan is viewed as one of the lowest-risk mortgage types available on the market.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
This safety allows banks to lend to veteran borrowers at lower interest rates.
Today’s VA loan rates*
Loan Type
Current Mortgage Rate
VA 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
VA 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
*Current rates provided daily by partners of the Mortgage Reports. See our loan assumptions here.
VA rates are more than 25 basis points (0.25%) lower than conventional rates on average, according to data collected by mortgage software company Ellie Mae.
Most loan programs require higher down payment and credit scores than the VA home loan. In the open market, a VA loan should carry a higher rate due to more lenient lending guidelines and higher perceived risk.
Yet the result of the Veterans Affairs efforts to keep veterans in their homes means lower risk for banks and lower borrowing costs for eligible veterans.
VA mortgage calculator
Eligibility
Am I eligible for a VA home loan?
Contrary to popular belief, VA loans are available not only to veterans, but also to other classes of military members.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
The list of eligible VA borrowers includes:
Active-duty service members
Members of the National Guard
Reservists
Surviving spouses of veterans
Cadets at the U.S. Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academy
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy
Officers at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
A minimum term of service is typically required.
Minimum service required for a VA mortgage
VA home loans are available to active-duty service members, veterans (unless dishonorably discharged), and in some cases, surviving family members.
To be eligible, you need to meet one of these service requirements:
You’ve served 181 days of active duty during peacetime
You’ve served 90 days of active duty during wartime
You’ve served six years in the Reserves or National Guard
Your spouse was killed in the line of duty and you have not remarried
Your eligibility for the VA home loan program never expires.
Veterans who earned their VA entitlement long ago are still using their benefit to buy homes.
The VA loan Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
What is a COE?
In order to show a mortgage company you are VA-eligible, you’ll need a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Your lender can acquire one for you online, usually in a matter of seconds.
Verify your VA home loan eligibility. Start here
How to get your COE (Certificate of Eligibility)
Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is very easy in most cases. Simply have your lender order the COE through the VA’s automated system. Any VA-approved lender can do this.
Alternatively, you can order your certificate yourself through the VA benefits portal.
If the online system is unable to issue your COE, you’ll need to provide your DD-214 form to your lender or the VA.
Does a COE mean you are guaranteed a VA loan?
No, having a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) doesn’t guarantee a VA loan approval.
Your COE shows the lender you’re eligible for a VA loan, but no one is guaranteed VA loan approval.
You must still qualify for the loan based on VA mortgage guidelines. The guarantee part of the VA loan refers to the VA’s promise to the lender of repayment if the borrower defaults.
Qualifying for a VA mortgage
VA loan eligibility vs. qualification
Being eligible for VA home loan benefits based on your military status or affiliation doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll qualify for a VA loan.
You still have to qualify for a VA mortgage based on your credit, debt, and income.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA has established no minimum credit score for a VA mortgage.
However, many VA mortgage lenders require minimum FICO scores of 620 or higher — so apply with many lenders if your credit score might be an issue.
Even VA lenders that allow lower credit scores don’t accept subprime credit.
VA underwriting guidelines state that applicants must have paid their obligations on time for at least the most recent 12 months to be considered satisfactory credit risks.
In addition, the VA usually requires a two-year waiting period following a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or foreclosure before it will insure a loan.
Borrowers in Chapter 13 must have made at least 12 on-time payments and secure the approval of the bankruptcy court.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
VA loan debt-to-income ratios
The relationship of your debts and your income is called your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI.
VA underwriters divide your monthly debts (car payments, credit cards, and other accounts, plus your proposed housing expense) by your gross (before-tax) income to come up with your debt-to-income ratio.
For instance:
If your gross income is $4,000 per month
And your total monthly debt is $1,500 (including the new mortgage, property taxes and homeowners insurance, plus other debt payments)
Then your DTI is 37.5% (1500/4000=0.375)
A DTI over 41% means the lender has to apply additional formulas to see if you qualify under residual income guidelines.
VA residual income rules
VA underwriters perform additional calculations that can affect your mortgage approval.
Factoring in your estimated monthly utilities, your estimated taxes on income, and the area of the country in which you live, the VA arrives at a figure which represents your “true” costs of living.
It then subtracts that figure from your income to find your residual income (e.g. your money “left over” each month).
Think of the residual income calculation as a real-world simulation of your living expenses.
It is the VA’s best effort to ensure that military families have a stress-free homeownership experience.
Here is an example of how residual income works, assuming a family of four which is purchasing a 2,000 square-foot home on a $5,000 monthly income.
Future house payment, plus other debt payments: $2,500
Monthly estimated income taxes: $1,000
Monthly estimated utilities at $0.14 per square foot: $280
This leaves a residual income calculation of $1,220.
Now, compare that residual income to for a family of four:
Northeast Region: $1,025
Midwest Region: $1,003
South Region: $1,003
West Region: $1,117
The borrower in our example exceeds VA’s residual income standards in all parts of the country.
Therefore, despite the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio of 50%, the borrower could get approved for a VA loan.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Qualifying for a VA loan with part-time income
You can qualify for this type of financing even if you have a part-time job or multiple jobs.
You must show a 2-year history of making consistent part-time income, and stability in the number of hours worked. The lender will make sure any income received appears stable. See our complete guide to getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed or work part-time.
VA funding fees and loan limits
About the VA funding fee
The VA charges an upfront fee to defray the costs of the program and make it sustainable for the future.
Veterans pay a lump sum that varies depending on the loan purpose and down payment amount.
The fee is normally wrapped into the loan. It does not add to the cash needed to close the loan.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
VA home purchase funding fees
Type of Military Service
Down Payment
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Use
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
None
2.3%
3.6%
5% or more
1.65%
1.65%
10% or more
1.4%
1.4%
VA cash-out refinance funding fees
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
2.3%
3.6%
VA streamline refinances (IRRRL) & assumptions
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
0.5%
0.5%
Manufactured home loans not permanently affixed
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
1.0%
1.0%
VA loan limits in 2024
VA loan limits have been repealed, thanks to the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019.
There is no maximum amount for which a home buyer can receive a VA loan, at least as far as the VA is concerned.
However, private lenders may set their own limits. So check with your lender if you are looking for a VA loan above local conforming loan limits.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Eligible property types
Houses you can buy with a VA loan
VA mortgages are flexible about what types of property you can and can’t purchase. A VA loan can be used to buy a:
Detached house
Condo
New-built home
Manufactured home
Duplex, triplex or four-unit property
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
You can also use a VA mortgage to refinance an existing loan for any of those types of properties.
VA loans and second homes
Federal regulations limit loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs to “primary residences” only.
However, “primary residence” is defined as the home in which you live “most of the year.”
Therefore, if you own an out-of-state residence in which you live for more than six months of the year, this other home, whether it’s your vacation home or retirement property, becomes your official “primary residence.”
For this reason, VA loans are popular among aging military borrowers.
Buying a multi-unit home with a VA loan
VA loans allow you to buy a duplex, triplex, or four-plex with 100% financing. You must live in one of the units.
Buying a home with more than one unit can be challenging.
Mortgage lenders consider these properties riskier to finance than traditional, single-family residences, so you’ll need to be a stronger borrower.
VA underwriters must make sure you will have enough emergency savings, or cash reserves, after closing on your house. That’s to ensure you’ll have money to pay your mortgage even if a tenant fails to pay rent or moves out.
The minimum cash reserves needed after closing is six months of mortgage payments (covering principal, interest, taxes, and insurance – PITI).
Your lender will also want to know about previous landlord experience you’ve had, or any experience with property maintenance or renting.
If you don’t have any, you may be able to sidestep that issue by hiring a property management company. But that’s up to the individual lender.
Your lender will look at the income (or potential income) of the rental units, using either existing rental agreements or an appraiser’s opinion of what the units should fetch.
They’ll usually take 75% of that amount to offset your mortgage payment when calculating your monthly expenses.
VA loans and rental properties
You cannot use a VA loan to buy a rental property. You can, however, use a VA loan to refinance an existing rental home you once occupied as a primary home.
For home purchases, in order to obtain a VA loan, you must certify that you intend to occupy the home as your principal residence.
If the property is a duplex, triplex, or four-unit apartment building, you must occupy one of the units yourself. Then you can rent out the other units.
The exception to this rule is the VA’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL).
This loan, also known as the VA Streamline Refinance, can be used for refinancing an existing VA loan on a home where you currently live or where you used to live, but no longer do.
Check your VA IRRRL eligibility. Start here
Buying a condo with a VA loan
The VA maintains a list of approved condo projects within which you may purchase a unit with a VA loan.
At VA’s website, you can search for the thousands of approved condominium complexes across the U.S.
If you are VA-eligible and in the market for a condo, make sure the unit you’re interested in is approved.
As a buyer, you are probably not able to get the complex VA-approved. That’s up to the management company or homeowner’s association.
If a condo you like is not approved, you must use other financing like an FHA or conventional loan or find another property.
Note that the condo must meet FHA or conventional guidelines if you want to use those types of financing.
Veteran mortgage relief with the VA loan
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, provides home retention assistance. The VA intervenes when a veteran is having trouble making home loan payments.
The VA works with loan servicers to offer loan options to the veteran, other than foreclosure.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
In fiscal year 2019, the VA made over 400,000 contact actions to reach borrowers and loan servicers. The intent was to work out a mutually agreeable repayment option for both parties.
More than 100,000 veteran homeowners avoided foreclosure in 2019 alone thanks to this effort.
The initiative has saved the taxpayer an estimated $2.6 billion. More importantly, vast numbers of veterans and military families got another chance at homeownership.
When NOT to use a VA loan
If you have good credit and 20% down
A primary advantage to VA home loans is the lack of mortgage insurance.
However, the VA guarantee does not come free of charge. Borrowers pay an upfront funding fee, which they usually choose to add to their loan amount.
The fee ranges from 1.4% to 3.6%, depending on the down payment percentage and whether the home buyer has previously used his or her VA mortgage eligibility. The most common fee is 2.3%.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
On a $200,000 purchase, a 2.3% fee equals $4,600.
However, buyers who choose a conventional mortgage and put 20% down get to avoid mortgage insurance and the upfront fee. For these military home buyers, the VA funding fee might be an unnecessary expense.
The exception: Mortgage applicants whose credit rating or income meets VA guidelines but not those of conventional mortgages may still opt for VA.
If you’re on the “CAIVRS” list
To qualify for a VA loan, you must prove you have made good on previous government-backed debts and that you have paid taxes.
The Credit Alert Verification Reporting System, or “CAIVRS,” is a database of consumers who have defaulted on government obligations. These individuals are not eligible for the VA home loan program.
If you have a non-veteran co-borrower
Veterans often apply to buy a home with a non-veteran who is not their spouse.
This is okay. However, it might not be their best choice.
As the veteran, your income must cover your half of the loan payment. The non-veteran’s income cannot be used to compensate for the veteran’s insufficient income.
Plus, when a non-veteran owns half the loan, the VA guarantees only half that amount. The lender will require a 12.5% down payment for the non-guaranteed portion.
The Conventional 97 mortgage, on the other hand, allows down payments as low as 3%.
Another low-down-payment mortgage option is the FHA home loan, for which 3.5% down is acceptable.
The USDA home loan also requires zero down payment and offers similar rates to VA loans. However, the property must be within USDA-eligible areas.
If you plan to borrow with a non-veteran, one of these loan types might be your better choice.
Explore your mortgage options. Start here
If you apply with a credit-challenged spouse
In states with community property laws, VA lenders must consider the credit rating and financial obligations of your spouse. This rule applies even if he or she will not be on the home’s title or even on the mortgage.
Such states are as follows.
Arizona
California
Idaho
Louisiana
Nevada
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
A spouse with less-than-perfect credit or who owes alimony, child support, or other maintenance can make your VA approval more challenging.
Apply for a conventional loan if you qualify for the mortgage by yourself. The spouse’s financial history and status need not be considered if he or she is not on the loan application.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
If you want to buy a vacation home or investment property
The purpose of VA financing is to help veterans and active-duty service members buy and live in their own home. This loan is not meant to build real estate portfolios.
These loans are for primary residences only, so if you want a ski cabin or rental, you’ll have to get a conventional loan.
If you want to purchase a high-end home
Starting January 2020, there are no limits to the size of mortgage a lender can approve.
However, lenders may establish their own limits for VA loans, so check with your lender before applying for a large VA loan.
Spouses and the VA mortgage program
What spouses are eligible for a VA loan?
What if the service member passes away before he or she uses the benefit? Eligibility passes to an unremarried spouse, in many cases.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
For the surviving spouse to be eligible, the deceased service member must have:
Died in the line of duty
Passed away as a result of a service-connected disability
Been missing in action, or a prisoner of war, for at least 90 days
Been a totally disabled veteran for at least 10 years prior to death, and died from any cause
Also eligible are remarried spouses who married after the age of 57, on or after December 16, 2003.
In these cases, the surviving spouse can use VA loan eligibility to buy a home with zero down payment, just as the veteran would have.
VA loan benefits for surviving spouses
Surviving spouses have an additional VA loan benefit, however. They are exempt from the VA funding fee. As a result, their loan balance and monthly payment will be lower.
Surviving spouses are also eligible for a VA streamline refinance when they meet the following guidelines.
The surviving spouse was married to the veteran at the time of death
The surviving spouse was on the original VA loan
VA streamline refinancing is typically not available when the deceased veteran was the only applicant on the original VA loan, even if he or she got married after buying the home.
In this case, the surviving spouse would need to qualify for a non-VA refinance, or a VA cash-out loan.
A cash-out mortgage through VA requires the military spouse to meet home purchase eligibility requirements.
If this is the case, the surviving spouse can tap into the home’s equity to raise cash for any purpose, or even pay off an FHA or conventional loan to eliminate mortgage insurance.
Qualifying if you receive (or pay) child support or alimony
Buying a home after a divorce is no easy task.
If, prior to your divorce, you lived in a two-income household, you now have less spending power and a reduced monthly income for purposes of your VA home loan application.
With less income, it can be harder to meet both the VA Home Loan Guaranty’s debt-to-income (DTI) guidelines and the VA residual income requirement for your area.
Receiving alimony or child support can counteract a loss of income.
Mortgage lenders will not require you to provide information about your divorce agreement’s alimony or child support terms, but if you’re willing to disclose, it can count toward qualifying for a home loan.
Different VA-approved lenders will treat alimony and child support income differently.
Typically, you will be asked to provide a copy of your divorce settlement or other court paperwork to support the alimony and child support payments.
Lenders will then want to see that the payments are stable, reliable, and likely to continue for another 36 months, at least.
You may also be asked to show proof that alimony and child support payments have been made in the past reliably, so that the lender may use the income as part of your VA loan application.
If you are the payor of alimony and child support payments, your debt-to-income ratio can be harmed.
Not only might you be losing the second income of your dual-income households, but you’re making additional payments that count against your outflows.
VA mortgage lenders make careful calculations with respect to such payments.
You can still get approved for a VA loan while making such payments — it’s just more difficult to show sufficient monthly income.
VA loan assumption
What is VA loan assumption?
One benefit for home buyers is that VA loans are assumable. When you assume a mortgage loan, you take over the current homeowner’s monthly payment.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
That could be a big advantage if mortgage rates have risen since the original owner purchased the home. The buyer would be able to acquire a low-rate, affordable loan — and it could make it easier for the seller to find a willing buyer in a tough market.
VA loan assumption savings
Buying a home via an assumable mortgage loan is even more appealing when interest rates are on the rise.
For example:
Say a seller-financed $200,000 for their home in 2013 at an interest rate of 3.25% on a 30-year fixed loan
Using this scenario, their principal and interest payment would be $898 per month
Let’s assume current 30-year fixed rates averaged 4.10%
If you financed $200,000 at 4.10% for a 30-year loan term, your monthly principal and interest payment would be $966 per month
Additionally, because the seller has already paid four years into the loan term, they’ve already paid nearly $25,000 in interest on the loan.
By assuming the loan, you would save $34,560 over the 30-year loan due to the difference in interest rates. You would also save roughly $25,000 thanks to the interest already paid by the sellers.
That comes out to a total savings of almost $60,000!
How to assume (take on) a VA loan
There are currently two ways to assume a VA loan.
The new buyer is a qualified veteran who “substitutes” his or her VA eligibility for the eligibility of the seller
The new home buyer qualifies through VA standards for the mortgage payment. This is the safest method for the seller as it allows the loan to be assumed knowing that the new buyer is responsible for the loan, and the seller is no longer responsible for the loan
The lender and/or the VA needs to approve a loan assumption.
Loans serviced by a lender with automatic authority may process assumptions without sending them to a VA Regional Loan Center.
For lenders without automatic authority, the loan must be sent to the appropriate VA Regional Loan Center for approval. This loan process will typically take several weeks.
When VA loans are assumed, it’s the servicer’s responsibility to make sure the homeowner who assumes the property meets both VA and lender requirements.
VA loan assumption requirements
For a VA mortgage assumption to take place, the following conditions must be met:
The existing loan must be current. If not, any past due amounts must be paid at or before closing
The buyer must qualify based on VA credit and income standards
The buyer must assume all mortgage obligations, including repayment to the VA if the loan goes into default
The original owner or new owner must pay a funding fee of 0.5% of the existing principal loan balance
A processing fee must be paid in advance, including a reasonable estimate for the cost of the credit report
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
Finding assumable VA loans
There are several ways for home buyers to find an assumable VA loan.
Believe it or not, print media is still alive and well. Some home sellers advertise their assumable home for sale in the newspaper, or in a local real estate publication.
There are a number of online resources for finding assumable mortgage loans.
Websites like TakeList.com and Zumption.com give homeowners a way to showcase their properties to home buyers looking to assume a loan.
With the help of the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), real estate agents remain a great resource for home buyers.
This applies to home buyers specifically searching for assumable VA loans as well.
How do I apply for a VA loan?
You can easily and quickly have a lender pull your certificate of eligibility (COE) to make sure you’re able to get a VA loan.
Most mortgage lenders offer VA home loans. So you’re free to shop and compare rates with just about any company that catches your eye.
Getting a VA loan for your new home is similar in many ways to securing any other purchase loan. Once you find an ideal home in your price range, you make a purchase offer, and then undergo VA appraisal and underwriting.
VA appraisal ensures that the home meets its minimum property requirements (MPRs) and is structurally sound and safe for occupancy.
What’s more, VA-specific mortgage lenders are actually some of the highest-rated (and lowest-priced) on the market. Here are a few we’d recommend checking out.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Mortgage servicers, regulators and economists are closely watching the delinquency rates for Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans following a spike in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Industry experts say that although there’s a correlation between unemployment and delinquency rates, some homeownership costs — including insurance — have increased significantly over the past two or three years, which has had a strong financial impact on homeowners. But experts also say the situation is not as bad as the one experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The sources spoke about these issues during this week’s Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) Servicing Solutions Conference & Expo in Orlando.
The latest MBA data shows that the delinquency rate for one- to four-unit properties rose to 3.88% at the end of 2023, compared to 3.62% in the third quarter, but still below the historic average of 5.25%. Meanwhile, the FHA-insured loan delinquency rate recorded a larger jump during the same period to 10.81%, up from 9.5%, the highest level since Q3 2021.
“We are seeing a bit of a pickup for two quarters in a row, but it’s very important to keep in mind that we were at the absolute lowest point in delinquencies in the third quarter of 2023,” Marina Walsh, MBA vice president of industry analysis, research and economics, said in a market outlook session.
According to Walsh, the delinquency rate for FHA loans increased by 130 basis points from the third to fourth quarters, but the current level is “certainly not nearly where it was at the height of COVID-19.”
In addition, she said that foreclosures are not picking up, so borrowers are either paying off their loans before entering the severe delinquency stage, or if they are in the serious delinquency stage, they are entering a workout.
“The question I posed to all of you is, ‘Is this a blip or a bigger trend?’” Walsh said, adding that based on data MBA has received from the industry, she believes the delinquency rate could come down a bit in first-quarter 2024 following the end of the busy holiday shopping season.
“All these increases in costs impact people’s ability to pay, without question,” Steven R. Bailey, senior managing director and chief servicing officer at PennyMac Financial Services, said in an executives’ perspective session. “But we still see the strongest correlation is between unemployment and delinquency.”
Bailey said that although increases in delinquencies are not a trend that servicers want to see, “I don’t look at it with the same fear that I used to look like.”
Homeowners insurance
According to industry experts, one of the costs affecting homeowners is their insurance, which can lead to increases in delinquencies. California and Florida are among the states where the situation is more evident.
Seven of the 12 largest insurers in California have either paused or restricted new policies over the past 18 months, including State Farm and Allstate. In September, the state’s top insurance regulator announced that new rules are in the works to persuade insurers to remain.
In Florida, the departure of many insurers and reinsurers has resulted in homeowners paying an average of nearly $4,000 a year, almost three times the U.S. average, according to estimates from the Insurance Information Institute. In some instances, homeowners have seen their insurance costs more than triple, but a new bill seeks to help them.
“That’s a combination of both rates from a carrier perspective, as well as just the increase in home values,” Patrick A. Sullivan, vice president of industry relations and compliance at Assurant, said in a session about homeowners insurance.
Sullivan said reinsurance is another factor weighing on homeowners insurance costs, a function of the global capital markets. He added that reinsurance costs have more than tripled over the past three years.
“Homeowners insurance is certainly a problem we need to tackle together,” John Bell, executive director of loan guaranty service at the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA), said during a regulatory session.
“I hope that there are others on this panel and others out there that want to work together to try to solve some of those rising prices that our homeowners just can’t absorb, and at some point in time, it’s going to hurt the market.”
Bell said that if a home costs $800 per month more than last year, the industry needs to figure out how to solve it. Bell and the VA are working to move forward with options to help veterans avoid foreclosure, including a partial claim solution.
FHA Commissioner Julia Gordon, who announced the agency’s new payment supplement partial claim during the conference, added that the issue of homeowners insurance will take a village to tackle.
“And that’s going to take real work in the states also, which is hard, and we just have to do it if we want people to be protected,” Gordon said.
A plan by the Department of Veterans Affairs to introduce a low-interest refinancing option for veterans with VA-backed loans facing foreclosure drew ire from a House lawmaker who complained some homeowners might choose to default for lower monthly payments. (Stars and Stripes)
WASHINGTON — A plan by the Department of Veterans Affairs to introduce a low-interest refinancing option for veterans with VA-backed loans facing foreclosure drew ire of a House lawmaker who complained some homeowners might choose to default for lower monthly payments.
Rep. Merrick Van Orden, R-Wis., chairman of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs subpanel on economic opportunity, on Thursday questioned whether the new VA Servicing Purchase program — also known as VASP — will cause some homeowners to forgo paying back home loans to qualify for VA refinancing at the lower rate of 2.5% offered by the program.
The average interest rate now for a 30-year fixed mortgage is 7.24%, according to Bankrate, a consumer financial services company that surveys major lenders weekly.
“It is essential that we support the dream of home ownership for veterans who served our country,” said Van Orden, a Navy veteran who used a traditional VA home loan to buy his house. “I have used this program myself, and it is awesome.”
But he also said he has “grave reservations” that the new VASP program would result in unintended consequences that could destroy the VA home loan program.
The refinancing option is expected to be rolled out in spring, according to the VA.
Under the program, the VA would purchase the loan from the servicer to hold it in its own portfolio. Qualifying veterans would be allowed to refinance their mortgages under the VASP rate of 2.5% after falling behind on at least two mortgage payments.
“I am concerned that this program poses a moral hazard and will encourage veterans to become delinquent on their loans to let VA take over the servicing of their payments,” Van Orden said at a House hearing about the home loan program.
He said if the VA then experienced high delinquency rates under the VASP program, it could end up being responsible for thousands of home loans it serviced.
Van Orden questioned whether the VA should be in the business of servicing loans and expressed concern that the VA would force veterans out of their homes if they failed to pay down their mortgages.
Given that veterans are 50% more likely to be homeless than others, Van Orden said he could not imagine “the VA would go so far as to be kicking people out of their homes — default or no default.”
Under those circumstances, Van Orden speculated the federal government would end up owning mortgage-delinquent properties and letting the veterans stay in their homes.
“It is no longer private property. It is public property with private citizens living in public property. That was tried in the Soviet Union. I am not signing up for that,” he said.
Van Orden said the House subcommittee has received little information on how the VASP program will operate, its costs and its overall effect on the mortgage markets.
“All of this is a cause for concern,” he said. “We need answers on VASP.”
The VA announced the VASP program in November 2023 in the Federal Register that stated “VA is initiating an expanded program using existing refund provisions. Under this program, VA will exercise its statutory option to purchase the loan from the servicer and VA will hold the loan in VA’s own loan portfolio.”
VA-guaranteed loans comprise more than 10% of the mortgage market, according to the VA.
The VA worked to assist thousands of veterans during the coronavirus pandemic who fell behind on mortgage payments, said Rep. Mike Levin of California, the top Democrat on the subcommittee. He said many financial relief measures implemented during the pandemic have ended.
Levin said the VA in December 2023 paused foreclosures on VA home loans through May 31. The measure allows veterans who have defaulted on their loans to stay in their homes.
Under the foreclosure pause, the VA extended its coronavirus refund modification program that allowed the VA to purchase past due payments — along with additional principal amounts as necessary — and give veterans a second mortgage with no interest.
Lenders meanwhile are encouraged by the VA to work with delinquent homeowners to modify payments with plans that are more affordable. Last year, the VA helped more than 145,000 veterans and their families stay in their homes through various programs, the agency said.
“I understand that the VA cannot prevent every foreclosure. But I expect it to exhaust every option,” Levin said, in reference to VASP and other VA assistance programs.
VASP would provide refinancing at an interest rate lower than the current market rate, which would continue over the life span of the loan, said John Bell, executive director of the VA Home Loan Guaranty Program.
The VA estimates under a VASP Program loan — with a 2.5% fixed interest rate for 30 or 40 years — there would be an average payment reduction of 20%, in principal and interest, for homeowners.
“It is so important that we get this right,” said Levin, who urged the VA to let Congress know what additional tools it might need to assist borrowers in default and ensure that foreclosures occur only “in the most extreme circumstances.”
Bell said job loss, divorce and catastrophic illness can impact financial stability for homeowners.
The VA home loan program — established in 1944 during World War II for soldiers returning home — helps veterans, active-duty personnel, members of the reserves and National Guard, as well as their family members, buy homes, refinance loans and pay for home improvements.
VA has guaranteed more than 28 million loans, valued at nearly $4 trillion, since the program’s inception, Bell said.
One of the attractions of the VA home loan program is the offer of 100% financing without requiring a down payment. A veteran purchasing a home at $386,000 — the median rate now — could avoid a traditional 20% down payment of $77,000, he said.
In fiscal 2023, the VA received 860,000 calls from veterans seeking information and assistance with their home loans. He said 65,000 borrowers are at least 90 days late on their VA home loans.
Bell doubted homeowners would default on home loan payments, damage their credit and face foreclosure to secure a 2.5% interest rate through the VASP program.
“The VASP program is simply a more sustainable option for veterans who cannot afford other available loss mitigation options, such as repayment plans, special forbearances and traditional loan modifications,” he said.
But Van Orden disagreed.
“My focus is to ensure that veterans remain in their homes whenever possible,” he said. “But I am concerned that this program could evolve into a financial burden of billions of dollars in bailouts that fall on the shoulders of taxpayers.
Higher interest rates continued to depress mortgage applications last week. The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) said its Market Composite Index, a measure of application volume, decreased 10.6 percent on a seasonally adjusted basis during the week ended February 16. The volume declined 8.0 percent before adjustment.
The Refinance Index declined by 11.0 percent compared to the previous week but eked out a 0.1 percent gain from the level one year earlier. Refinance applications accounted for 32.6 percent of the total, down from 34.0 percent the previous week.
The seasonally adjusted Purchase Index dropped 10 percent week-over-week and was down 6 percent before adjustment. Purchase applications lagged the same week in 2023 by 13.0 percent.
“Mortgage rates moved back above 7 percent last week following news that inflation picked up in January, dimming hopes of a near-term rate cut,” said Mike Fratantoni, MBA’s SVP and Chief Economist.
“Mortgage applications dropped as a result with a larger decline in refinance applications. Potential homebuyers are quite sensitive to these rate changes, as affordability is strained with both higher rates and higher home values in this supply-constrained market.”
Other Highlights from MBA’s Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey
Loan sizes were changed only slightly, to an average of $381,800 for all submissions and $440,700 for purchase mortgages.
The FHA share of applications decreased to 13.2 percent from 13.5 percent and the VA share decreased to 12.1 percent from 13.3 percent. USDA applications accounted for 0.5 percent of the total.
The average contract interest rate for conforming 30-year fixed-rate mortgages (FRM) increased to 7.06 percent from 6.87 percent, with points inching up to 0.66 from 0.65.
Thirty-year FRM with jumbo loan balances had a rate of 7.16 percent with 0.45 point. The prior week the rate was 7.00 percent with 0.39 point.
The average rate for FHA-backed 30-year FRM jumped to 6.91 percent from 6.68 percent and points increased to 1.03 from 0.89.
Fifteen-year FRM saw an increase of 8 basis points to an average rate of 6.61 percent while points dropped to 0.77 from 0.94.
The average contract interest rate for 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages (ARM) increased to 6.37 percent from 6.30 percent,with points increasing to 0.71 from 0.60.
The ARM share of activity increased from 7.0 to 7.4 percent of total applications.
In a standard home purchase scenario, prospective homebuyers apply with a lender to obtain conventional financing to get the new home on their wishlist.
Did you know, however, that there may be another financing option that could possibly benefit both the buyer and the seller under the right circumstances? We’re talking about the Assumable Mortgage.
What Is an Assumable Mortgage?
An assumable mortgage is a special type of home financing that allows a homebuyer to take over (or, assume) the seller’s existing mortgage and all of the terms that come with it, such as the interest rate, current balance, and repayment period. In cases where interest rates have gone up significantly since the seller originally bought and financed the home, this can present a savings opportunity that includes the low interest rate on the mortgage as part of the purchase of the home.
Which Types of Mortgages Are Assumable?
The loans that most often qualify for assumption are VA and FHA loans, which are backed by the federal government. Under certain circumstances conventional mortgages can also be assumable, but the majority of those loans contain a due-on-sale clause requiring the full balance of the loan to be paid upon transfer of property ownership, which makes the loan ineligible for assumption.
How Do Assumable Mortgages Work?
If you’re selling your home and the mortgage on the home is eligible for assumption, you can allow a qualified interested buyer to take over your mortgage as part of the sale of your home.
With the approval of your lender, the buyer would take over all of the responsibilities of your existing mortgage along with the home itself — including the interest rate and monthly payment — which can be significantly lower than the current rates and terms available for new mortgages. All of the terms of the loan would stay as is and simply be transferred over in the buyer’s name. You’ll want to be sure to get a written release of liability signed by both you (the original loan holder) and the lender to remove yourself from any further responsibility on the loan.
In the right circumstances, your buyer could save tens of thousands of dollars on an assumed mortgage since they’re effectively grandfathered in on what could be more favorable terms secured when the original loan was obtained. Given this unique benefit, you could potentially leverage that savings to justify a higher asking price for your home.
To illustrate the savings and benefits of this unique transaction, let’s explore an example scenario below from the buyer’s perspective.
Saving Money With an Assumable Mortgage
Let’s say you’re buying a home and you’d like to assume the mortgage on the home, appraised at $230,769 with a current remaining principal loan balance of $203,249. This means you would take over the payments on the remaining $203,249 and enjoy the original terms allotted to the assumed mortgage.
That still leaves $27,520 that must be paid in cash to the seller, which you can settle during the loan assumption transaction, much like a traditional down payment. If you cannot produce that entire cash amount to assume the loan, you may possibly be able to secure an additional personal loan to cover a portion of the difference. Keep in mind, however, that in most cases lenders who provide secondary financing will typically want to make sure that no more than 85 to 90 percent of the total appraised value of the home is being financed.
Here is an example comparison of a standard new FHA mortgage on a home selling for $230,769, versus an assumed FHA mortgage on the same home, with a lower fixed interest rate and five years already paid on the term.
New FHA Mortgage: A new 30-year FHA loan for a home priced and appraised at $230,769, with a principal loan balance of $222,692 (after the buyer put a minimum of 3.5% down, or approximately $8,077) with a fixed interest rate of 6.25%, will result in monthly payments of $1,371.15 (principal and interest only, excluding property taxes and insurance) totaling $493,615.06 over the life of the mortgage.
Assumable Mortgage: The assumption of a 30-year FHA loan with 25 years left on the term for a home selling for $230,769 with a remaining principal balance of $203,249 at the original interest rate of 2.5% results in a monthly payment of $911.81 and an approximate total loan cost of $273,543.07 (paid over 25 years).
New 30-Year FHA Mortgage
Assumable FHA Mortgage
Savings
Principal Loan Balance
$222,692
$203,249
N/A
Interest Rate
6.25%
2.5%
N/A
Down Payment
$8,077
$27,520
N/A
Monthly Payment(s)
$1,371.15
$911.81
$459.34
Total Loan Cost (principal +interest)
$493,615.06
$273,543.07
$220,071.99
Note: The example above does not include mortgage insurance. Mortgage Insurance (MI) may change depending on the LTV. Ask your loan officer for more information.
As illustrated above, if you are able to assume an eligible loan with an interest rate significantly lower than what is available on the market and have the ability to put down the additional cash to cover the equity owned by the seller (or obtain secondary financing), your savings could be substantial.
In the example scenario, your monthly mortgage payments for the 25 years remaining on the assumed loan would be $911.81. Compared to a new FHA loan with a higher market rate, this would result in a monthly savings of $459.34 and $220,071.99 saved over the entire life of your mortgage.
It is also worth noting that the less equity a seller has in their home, the more attractive an assumable mortgage may be to a buyer. For example, if that same assumable loan had an unpaid principal balance of $215,000, you’d only be responsible for a $15,769 difference instead of $27,520.
FHA Assumable Mortgage Requirements
Federal Housing Authority (FHA) loans qualify for assumption because they are free from the restrictions of due-on-sale clauses that are common in conventional mortgages.
Buyers wishing to assume an FHA mortgage must have a minimum credit score of 620, although buyers with scores above 580 may be eligible with additional restrictions. Similar to a conventional loan, your debt-to-income ratio including the assumed loan’s payment, cannot exceed 43% (although in special circumstances it can go as high as 50%).
VA Assumable Mortgage Requirements
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has long offered one of the best home loan programs available for qualifying veterans, active military and their dependents.
A few important facts about VA loan assumptions:
As long as the buyer is VA-eligible, the seller’s VA entitlement remains intact.
If a buyer who is not VA-eligible assumes a VA loan, the seller loses their VA entitlement, as it will be tied to that original loan.
Buyers must meet all VA standards for creditworthiness and income, and the assumption must be approved by both the VA and the lender.
All mortgage obligations are assumed by the buyer, up to and including the obligation to repay the VA should the buyer default on the loan.
A “VA funding fee” equal to 0.5% of the current loan balance (only the principal amount) will be charged.
Want to know more about VA mortgages and whether you or a family member qualifies? Discover the special rates and benefits of VA home loans.
All mortgage payments must be current at the time of closing. You should plan to provide funds necessary to clear any outstanding payments before you can assume the loan. Either the buyer or seller can bring the loan to good standing.
Special Circumstances for Assuming a Mortgage
There are several special circumstances in which a buyer or inheritor must assume a mortgage in order to take possession of a home.
May I Assume the Mortgage of an Inherited Home?
Yes. In the unfortunate circumstance of a loved one passing, assuming the mortgage of the home that’s been willed to you would be useful if you wish to keep it in the family or live in it.
Federal law requires lenders to allow heirs to assume the mortgage of an inherited home, regardless of any due-on-sale clause included on the loan. It’s best to seek the advice of an estate attorney to ensure all bases are covered under these circumstances. As you figure out your options, be sure to continue making the regular monthly payments on the mortgage to prevent foreclosure of the property.
Assuming the Mortgage in Case of a Divorce
In the event of a divorce, one party or the other may have been awarded the family home.
If you’re the one keeping the home with a mortgage, you’ll need to qualify with the lender to assume the mortgage under your individual income and credit score, or by showing six months of timely payments you’ve made on your own without the help of your spouse.
Once the awarded party assumes the mortgage, the person who will no longer reside in the home should be released from all liability with the proper signed paperwork, as required by the lender.
May I Assume the Mortgage of a Home in Foreclosure?
Yes. Facing foreclosure is difficult, and a homeowner may want to do anything to prevent it. Allowing another party to assume the mortgage may be a good option.
In this type of purchase scenario, the buyer will need to pay off the entire past due amount before the assumption can occur. Buyers may accomplish this with cash or through a separate loan.
If it’s a Fannie Mae loan in question, Fannie Mae will review the prospective borrower’s financial packet to determine if they can afford the payments on the mortgage. Each investor or insurer will have specific requirements around what is required to complete the assumption.
If you’re set on the property as your ideal home, the default amount isn’t unreasonable, and the interest rate you’re assuming is favorable, then it can be worth the extra cost and effort to secure the loan.
From Applying to Signing on the Dotted Line: Important Facts
If you apply to assume a mortgage, expect to provide all the standard financial information normally required from a lender for a home loan application. This can include pay stubs, bank statements, W2s, and any other means to prove your ability to take over the mortgage.
While many may appreciate that an appraisal isn’t typically required, it might be beneficial to request one. That way you can ensure that the asking price for the home is fair in the current market.
Make sure a title check is performed as well to clear up any possibility of outstanding liens or encumbrances on the property before signing on the dotted line.
While closing costs can be lower with an assumed mortgage, an assumption fee may be charged.
FHA assumption closing costs are typically between 2 and 6 percent of the sale price of the home.
The VA charges a funding fee of 0.5% of the principal loan balance.
If you’re assuming the loan of an inherited property, it may be within your rights to avoid an assumption fee. Be sure to consult with an estate attorney if questions arise.
If you end up borrowing from more than one lender to complete the mortgage assumption, be sure that each lender is informed of all loan activity for the home. Each lender may require slightly different information, so prepare ahead of time for varying requests during the financial evaluation process.
Key Takeaways For Assumable Mortgages
Under the right circumstances, an assumable mortgage can mean thousands in savings for a qualified buyer.
A seller can leverage those savings to attract buyers and increase the asking price for the home.
The lender is the party with the final say over whether a buyer can assume a seller’s current mortgage.
The amount of equity in the home owned by the seller can be a key factor in whether assuming a loan is the right route for a buyer to take.
VA-eligible home sellers should take extra precaution when considering an assumption to protect their VA entitlement.
Is a Mortgage Assumption the Right Move?
The advantages for both sellers and buyers in this type of transaction is clear, as long as the interest rate on the mortgage is lower than what is available on the current market, the equity owned by the seller isn’t too great, and the lender approves of the assumption along with a release of liability to the original borrower on the loan.
If you’re selling your home that you have an FHA or VA mortgage for and the interest rate is lower than what the current market offers, you may want to connect your prospective buyers with your lender to see if an assumption is possible.
Questions about your existing mortgage or looking to buy a home soon? We’re here for you. Connect with a Pennymac Loan Expert to explore your home loan options or get started on a BuyerReady Certification today.
Shopping for your first home is an exciting time. You are choosing a place to plant yourself and bloom for many years to come.
However, home shopping is not all fun and games. Not only do you have to find the perfect home, but also the right financing terms for your new mortgage. If you have bad credit, you are likely worried about your mortgage options.
As a first-time homebuyer, the process of buying a home can be overwhelming. Before you lose hope, it is entirely possible to secure a home loan with bad credit. Many mortgage lenders offer subprime home loans that work specifically with borrowers with poor credit. We will dive into the details to help you get through the first-time home-buying process more easily.
How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Home Loan
Typically, lenders that approve loans to borrowers with bad credit offer less than favorable terms. In most cases, you can expect to pay a higher interest rate.
A slightly higher interest rate might not seem like a big deal. However, even a slight increase in your interest rate could result in thousands of dollars in interest payments over the course of your loan.
When you sort through your loan offers, make sure to run the numbers. You might not be willing to pay the premium rates for the opportunity to buy a home right now.
Other Factors that Mortgage Lenders Consider
As a borrower, your credit score is not the only factor lenders consider. Before a mortgage lender approves a large loan, it will look at various other factors, including:
The amount of money in your savings account. If you have a healthy savings account, that may offset your bad credit.
Income. The higher your income, the more likely you are to be approved.
Employment history. If you just landed a high paying job, then the lender might be less willing to work with you. However, consistently earning a high income for many years will strengthen your application.
Debt-to-income ratio. If you already have a high debt burden, then lenders may be less willing to work with you.
Current expenses. If your current rent payment is similar to the mortgage payment, then a lender may see that you are able to easily handle that expense.
When you go through the home buying process, expect to provide a lot of paperwork to verify this information. In many cases, you will be required to provide tax statements, paychecks, and more. However, if you stay organized throughout the process, your sanity will thank you later.
How to Secure Home Financing with Bad Credit
To qualify for a bad credit home loan, you will need to be willing to put in the time. Finding the best option for your situation may require some patience. Not all options will work for everyone, but it is likely that at least one option will work for everyone.
See Where You Stand
Before you start looking for homes, take a closer look at your financial health.
Start by checking your credit score. A free way to do this is through Credit Karma. Once you know where your credit score is, take the time to find your credit report. Once you have your credit report, read through for any errors. A mistake on your credit report may be dragging your score down. If you find any mistakes, you can dispute them.
After digging into your credit score, take a step back. Assess your savings. Have you grown it steadily? Either way, it is crucial to understand exactly how much house you can afford.
Consider Saving for a Larger Down Payment
One way to secure a mortgage loan with more favorable terms with bad credit is to provide a larger down payment. Bigger down payments give the mortgage lender reassurance that you are able to repay the loan.
For conventional loans, banks typically require a down payment of at least 20%, but there are many options for a lower down payment. But you can usually secure better terms if you wait until you’ve saved a sizable down payment.
Find A Lender that Will Work with You
Not every lender is willing to work with bad credit borrowers. Although, you may not be able to secure a conventional loan from a well-known bank, it is entirely possible to find a lender.
If you have bad credit, you’ll need to find a lender that offers subprime home loans or that works with government-backed programs.
Luckily, many mortgage lenders are likely willing to work with you. The tricky part can be finding your choices. Check out our top mortgage lenders to get started.
Financing Options for First Time Homebuyers with Bad Credit
The federal government offers several assistance programs for buying your first home. Take a minute to find out if you qualify for any of these programs.
FHA Loans
If you have bad credit, an FHA loan might be your best option. The minimum credit score to qualify for an FHA loan is just 500! Of course, some mortgage lenders may require a slightly higher score to approve you. But you can shop around to find a lender willing to work with you.
If your credit score is between 500 and 579, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) requires a minimum down payment of at least 10%. However, if you have a minimum credit score of 580, you’ll only be required to put down 3.5%.
With FHA loans, a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is required along with an upfront MIP fee of 1.75% of the loan amount.
As a first-time homebuyer with bad credit, the benefits of this program can help your home purchase go smoothly.
USDA Loans
If you are willing to live in a rural community, a USDA loan could be a suitable option. These loans are guaranteed by the United States Department of Agriculture, and don’t private mortgage insurance (PMI).
Typically, you’ll need a minimum credit score of 640 to score a USDA loan. However, a lower credit score does not automatically disqualify you.
If you have a low credit score, then the lender will look more closely at other contributing factors before deciding on your loan application. You may need to prove that your credit was damaged by something outside your control or provide credit references like utility statements to prove your creditworthiness.
VA Loans
A VA home loan is guaranteed by the Department of Veteran Affairs. If you meet the requirements of service, then you could qualify for a no down payment option to secure the home of your dreams.
In contrast to traditional lenders, the VA home loan program has less strict requirements when it comes to their loans. The goal of the program is to get the bravest in our nation into a safe home. With that, lenders that provide VA-backed loans can offer loans to borrowers with lower credit scores.
Almost every member or veteran of the military, reserve, or National Guard is eligible to apply for these loans. The first step you should take is to secure your Certificate of Eligibility. With that, you’ll be able to apply for a VA loan with an approved lender.
See also: How to Get a VA Loan with Bad Credit
Research State Assistance Programs
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development works to provide affordable homeownership options throughout the country. In many states, they offer first-time homebuyers assistance.
Depending on your area and income, the type of assistance may vary. For example, in some areas, you may qualify for a down payment grant that will help you secure your home purchase. With a higher down payment, you may be able to offset the negative effects of your poor credit score.
Compare Mortgage Rates
Once you have determined the best path for you, it is time to compare lenders. If you take the time to shop around for the best loan terms, you stand to save thousands of dollars over the course of your loan.
Shopping around for the right lender might be the most important part of your entire home buying process. Find a lender that you are comfortable with and that is willing to work with your poor credit score.
Work on Your Credit Score
A surefire way to secure better mortgage terms is to improve your credit score. If you can wait on your home purchase, then you might have a stronger loan application.
Improving your credit score will take time. But if you put in the effort the long-term benefits are worth it. Not only will you be more likely to be approved for loans, but also will likely pay less in interest payments.
To start improving your credit score make sure to pay bills on time and work towards paying off your debt.
First-Time Home Buyer with Bad Credit FAQs
Can I buy a house with bad credit?
Yes, it is possible to get a home loan with bad credit. However, the interest rate and other loan terms may be more expensive than if you had good credit.
You may also need to have a bigger down payment and show proof of income. However, there are also lenders who specialize in offering mortgages to people with low credit scores.
What are the requirements for getting a mortgage with bad credit?
Have a steady income: Lenders want to know that you have a consistent income, so they will want to see evidence of your income such as pay stubs or W2s.
Have enough money saved for a down payment: With poor credit, most lenders will require a down payment of at least 5-10% of the purchase price.
Accept higher interest rates and fees: With a weak credit history, you may be required to pay higher interest rates and fees.
Find a cosigner: Having a cosigner can help you get approved for a mortgage with bad credit. The cosigner will be held responsible for the loan if you are unable to make your monthly mortgage payments.
What do mortgage lenders consider a bad credit score?
Lenders generally consider a credit score below 580 to be bad credit. Lenders may also consider scores between 580 and 669 to be fair credit. Credit scores of 670 or higher are typically considered good credit.
What is the minimum credit score needed for a mortgage?
Minimum credit scores needed for a mortgage varies by lender, but typically a score of 620 or higher is required for conventional loans, and a score of 500 or higher is required for FHA loans.
The minimum credit score needed for USDA loans is typically 640, and the minimum credit score needed for VA loans is typically 620.
What type of mortgage loan is best for someone with bad credit?
The best type of loan for someone with bad credit is usually an FHA loan. These loans are typically easier to qualify for than other types of loans, as they have more lenient credit score minimums and down payment requirements.
What other factors do lenders consider when evaluating my loan application?
Lenders will typically look at your credit score and credit report to assess your creditworthiness. They may also consider your down payment, debt-to-income ratio (DTI), income, employment history, and assets when evaluating your loan application.
Your down payment can show lenders that you are committed to the loan, and can also help to reduce the amount of the loan. Your DTI ratio is a measure of how much of your income is going towards paying off your existing debts. A higher DTI ratio can indicate to lenders that you may not be able to afford a loan.
Your income, employment history, and assets provide further evidence that you are a reliable borrower, and can help to establish your ability to repay the loan.
What is a conventional loan?
A conventional loan is a type of loan that is issued by private lenders and purchased by government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
How can I improve my credit scores?
Pay your bills on time: Payment history is the most important factor in your credit score, so be sure to make payments on all your bills on time.
Keep credit card balances low: Your credit utilization ratio, or the amount of available credit you are using, makes up 30% of your credit score. Try to keep your credit card balances low by using no more than 30% of your credit limit.
Don’t open too many new accounts: Opening too many accounts in a short period of time can be a red flag for lenders and can hurt your credit score.
Check your credit report: Make sure to regularly check your credit report for errors or other negative information that can hurt your score.
Consider a credit builder loan: Credit builder loans are designed to help people with no or low credit build a payment history and improve their credit score over time.
Bottom Line
Purchasing the home of your dreams with bad credit is not impossible. You will need to put in the time to figure out which path is the right one for you.
Once you see your financial path to your home, make steps towards that goal every single day. Your new home is not as far away as you think!
“With Better’s VA Loans, we are opening the door for even more hardworking Americans who have served their country to achieve the American Dream of homeownership.” For qualified borrowers, the VA loan program will not require a minimum down payment. Veterans will be able to use a Better VA Loan in order to buy a … [Read more…]