When it comes to investing, you have two big decisions to make: What to buy, and where to buy it. As for the former, you have all kinds of choices: cash, bonds, stocks, funds, real estate, and a piece of carpet from Elvis’ jungle room (yes, I have a piece — at least, that’s what the guy who sold it to me said it was). Regarding the latter, most people have just three general options: a traditional retirement account, a Roth retirement account, and a regular investment account. This article is about the second category — how to make the most of your investment accounts.
Stop the Sprawl
If you’re like many investors, you have accounts spread throughout the financial services industry: an IRA or two here, a brokerage account there, perhaps a 401(k) still with a former employer. If you’re married, your spouse probably has a lineup to match. By consolidating as many of those accounts as you can with a single provider, you’ll unclog your mailbox and make tax time easier — and you can even make your portfolio fatter, thanks to these advantages:
Find a better balance. Determining your asset allocation can be tough when you have to look at lots of statements. Rebalancing across several accounts gets tricky; for example, you can’t sell the bonds in your 401(k) to buy stocks in your IRA.
Move money out of mediocre (or worse) accounts. This is especially true of money left in retirement plans from former employers, which often have limited investment choices at high costs.
Get extra services and discounts. Financial companies lure big accounts with lower fees, plus planning services such as a portfolio analysis or access to a Certified Financial Planner.
Find the Best Provider
Choosing a company that deserves the honor of holding your nest egg depends on your style of investing. Here are guidelines based on your investments of choice:
Mutual funds: You can use a single fund family or go with a fund “supermarket” (such as Fidelity, Schwab, or TD Ameritrade) that offers access to thousands of funds from many families. The former is the simplest and possibly the cheapest. The latter offers far more selection.
Funds and individual stocks: Check out the big brokerages that allow you to buy stocks as well as choose form thousands of funds. Look for reasonable stock commissions and a lineup of no-load funds labeled “NTF,” for “no transaction fee.” The Fool’s Broker Center compares the options from several providers.
Stocks and ETFs: Look for the cheapest trades. Many brokerages, including Fidelity, Schwab, and Vanguard, offer free trades on some ETFs.
To Roth or Not to Roth?
By investing after-tax money in a Roth account, you trade a tax break today for one tomorrow, as your earnings and withdrawals will be tax-free. Here’s a rule of thumb: If you’ll be in the same or a higher tax bracket when you retire, go with the Roth.
There is no longer an income limit for converting traditional accounts to Roths. The converted amount gets added to your taxable income in the year you make the move, so if your traditional account is down significantly and you’re contemplating changing it to a Roth, you may want to convert some while the account is down. (Check out this article to hear from several financial planners about why a Roth conversion might make sense, though the option to spread the tax bill over two years was available only in 2010.)
The Right Investments in the Right Accounts
Don’t overlook the art of asset location — deciding which investments to put into which types of accounts. You want to put the most tax-inefficient investments in the accounts that have the most tax advantages. Here’s a summary of what should go where:
Roth accounts: Stocks with a higher potential return (such as small-cap stocks and emerging-marking stocks) and real estate investment trust (REITs).
Traditional tax-deferred accounts: Slower-growth stocks, commodities funds, Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS), and bonds (though, given historically low yields, the argument for keeping bonds in an IRA is not as compelling as it used to be).
Taxable, non-tax-advantaged accounts: Low-yield stocks you plan to hold for several years, low-turnover stock funds (such as many index funds and ETFs), municipal bonds, and savings bonds and I bonds.
Those are general guidelines, and can be affected by several factors, such as when you’ll need the money and your ability to pick the stocks that will have the higher return (a difficult task, indeed). For example, keep money that you need before age 59 ½ out of retirement accounts since early withdrawals from an IRA or 401(k) may result in a 10% penalty (though there are exceptions). But they’re a good starting point.
Have a Recommendation?
As for which brokerage, fund company, or online bank to choose, I’ll leave that to you readers. Have any particularly good or bad experiences? Are you happy with whomever’s holding your money? Let us know.
Final note: Don’t forget to get your free Slurpee today! You see, today is my birthday, and in honor of my Womb Liberation Day, 7-11 stores are giving away free 7.11-ounce Slurpees from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.
The internet is a great source of information about personal finance.
But if you want to dig deeper into a money mindset or financial philosophy, there’s still no substitute for a good old-fashioned book. That’s why even successful bloggers and TV personalities also publish books — it gives them an opportunity to flesh out their worldview in a comprehensive, detailed way.
I’ve had something of an obsession with finance books for most of my adult life, and I’ve waded through my share of mediocre writing. Unfortunately, being a finance expert doesn’t make you a good writer, and being a good writer doesn’t mean you know jack about finance.
But when you find a book with a well-articulated and thought-provoking perspective, it can change your life forever. Here are some of my favorite personal finance reads.
What’s Ahead:
Overview: best finance books
Best book for beginners: Get Good with Money by Tiffany Aliche
Tiffany Aliche doesn’t assume any level of financial savvy in this book. It starts at the beginning and goes from there. Get Good with Money teaches simple techniques for getting control of your finances in a way that works for you.
This book lays out the author’s 10-step guide to “financial wholeness.” She describes financial wholeness as all aspects of your life working together for the greatest good.
Grab Get Good with Money here.
Dave Ramsey has been a personal finance legend for decades, starting with the 1997 publication of his book, “Financial Peace.”
If becoming debt-free is your number one goal, then The Total Money Makeover is where you should start. It gives solid step-by-step directions to pay off your debt. Dave Ramsey coined the term “debt snowball” and this method is widely regarded as the most effective way to pay debt off.
Grab The Total Money Makeover.
“The Simple Path to Wealth” is a book about the incredible power of index funds. That sounds about as boring a topic as you could imagine, but it’s surprisingly easy to read.
JL Collins explains how index funds work and why they are a great place to get started when investing in the stock market.
If you are nervous about investing in the stock market this book will soothe your fears. You’ll walk away from this quick and easy read with a solid understanding of how index funds work.
Grab The Simple Path to Wealth.
Author John Bogle is the founder of The Vanguard Group, an investment firm famous for its index funds.
He believed that index funds, which track a specific index like the S&P 500, provide a better return than individual stocks.
This book will give you an in-depth education on stock investing, but be warned that it is not an easy read. However, it’s pretty much required reading for anyone who is serious about investing.
Plus, who better to learn from than the founder of one of the largest investment firms in the world?
Grab The Little Book of Common Sense Investing
Best book for easy money management: The Automatic Millionaire by David Bach
This book takes the adage “pay yourself first” to a whole new level. David encourages you to put your money on autopilot so you can be sure you are saving what you need to save without having to rely on willpower or complicated budgeting systems.
If you are looking for a plan to manage your money with as little effort as possible, while still meeting your goals, this is worth the read.
Grab The Automatic Millionaire.
Best book for spenders: I Will Teach You to be Rich by Ramit Sethi
Along the same lines as David Bach, Ramit is a proponent of setting up automatic systems for your money so you don’t get caught up in the small details.
He also encourages the idea of earning more money rather than paring down spending as a way to build wealth. He despises extreme frugalism and instead encourages you to spend lavishly on the things in life that are important to you while cutting back ruthlessly on the things that are not.
Grab I Will Teach You to be Rich.
Best book for early retirement: Your Money or Your Life by Vicki Robin
Your Money or Your Life is a rallying point for the FIRE (financial independence, retire early) community.
This book will challenge your relationship with money and encourage you to look again at your current lifestyle.
Some critics disagree with the investment advice in the book, so read this book if you are looking to change your relationship with money and consumer culture — and consider getting your investment advice from another book on this list.
Grab Your Money or Your Life.
Best book for simple finances: The One-Page Financial Plan by Carl Richards
Famous for his financial doodles in The New York Times, columnist and financial planner Carl Richards demystifies the financial planning process in his second book.
He says that a great financial plan has nothing to do with what the markets are doing and everything to do with what is most important to you. Pick up this book if you are looking to create a simple, values-based financial plan.
Grab The One Page Financial Plan here.
Best book for 20-somethings: The Millionaire Next Door by Thomas Stanley and William D. Danko
Stanley and Danko analyzed the behavior and habits of millionaires to show how they save, spend, and invest money.
The findings were surprising.
It turns out that people with a net worth of $1 million or more tend to live in middle-class neighborhoods, not in gated communities. It’s a fascinating look at how real people create and keep wealth.
Grab The Millionaire Next Door.
Best book for motivation: Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill
One of the original personal finance books, Think and Grow Rich was published in 1937, in the aftermath of the Great Depression. The book’s lessons are distilled from interviews with the most successful people of the day, including Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Charles M. Schwab.
Hill takes their lessons and reworks them into bite-size formulas that the everyday layperson can follow. It’s not necessarily solely geared toward making someone financially successful, but successful in all aspects of life. He wants you to chase after your wildest dreams, no matter how crazy they might sound.
Grab Think and Grow Rich.
Summary
Nothing beats an old-fashioned book when it comes to learning about a specific topic, and these 10 books can help you get started on your journey into personal finance.
By Peter Anderson15 Comments – The content of this website often contains affiliate links and I may be compensated if you buy through those links (at no cost to you!). Learn more about how we make money. Last edited February 10, 2020.
When people talk about their investment plans, one of the first topics that invariably comes up is how much they should be investing.
Should they be investing 5%?
15%?
50% of their income?
Today I thought I’d look at the number that comes up most often as being conventional wisdom for most people when it comes to how much to invest – 15% of yearly income.
Investing 15% Of Your Income Into Post-Tax And Pre-Tax Retirement
For many folks the discussion of how much to invest is a moot point as they’re still struggling to get rid of debt, and get to the point where they’re able to start saving for their future.
If you’re beyond that point, congratulations, you should be applauded.
For me getting to the point where you really start to save and build wealth for your future is so exciting! A variety of financial gurus suggest saving 15% of your household income in good solid long term investments in order to have enough for your future.
So why is that number brought up?
Why Should I Save 15%?
To give a visual demonstration of why some folks suggest that you save 15% for your retirement, I went to Dave Ramsey’s website and used his investment calculator. I put some numbers into the calculator based on these factors:
Making $100,000 a year
Saving 15%
Starting at age 30
Saving for 30 years
10% return on the investments
When you put in those numbers above, it comes up with a return of well over 2.8 million dollars by the age of 60.
If you were to keep it going even for 5 more years until the age of 65, the account would grow to over 4.8 million dollars. That’s not half bad!
So how much money would you really need in order to have a comfortable retirement? Assuming that you would want 80% of your pre-retirement income to live on as many suggest, and a withdrawal rate of 4% per year and a 30 year retirement, you would need to have about 2 million dollars.
If you invest 15% of your 100k income, that would allow you to withdraw $112,000 a year for 30 years. (which assumes the money would still continue growing at a rate of at least 8% while you are withdrawing) That is 12% more than your pre-retirement income! 4.8 million would allow for $192,000 per year!
Now if you were to invest 10% using the same assumptions you’d end up with substantially less money, 1.5 million over 30 years, and 2.4 million over 35 years. Still not bad, but maybe not as much as you might want to have that comfortable retirement. At the 30 year point you’d have enough to withdraw 60% of your income, and at 35 years you’d have 96% of your pre-retirement income.
All of these numbers are of course assuming that you don’t have money coming from social security. I have my doubts it will last until my own retirement. That is obviously up for debate, and hopefully the system will be fixed. But why depend on it if it might not be there?
The point of all this to me is that 15% is usually going to be more than adequate to get you to where you need to be. 10% may not be, depending upon how much of your previous income you want to live on, and how much time you have until retirement.
The longer you have until retirement, the bigger the gains you’ll see through compounding interest!
Play it safe and start saving 15%. You won’t be sorry!
Another caveat; if you’re older and have less time until retirement, or if you want to retire early, you may need to be investing a higher percentage than 15%. You started late or want to finish early, so you have some ground to make up!
Starting earlier? You might not need to invest all of the 10%. But why not do it anyway!
What Should I Invest In?
Once you’ve decided on how much you want to invest, the next step is to decide on what types of investments you should be holding. What to invest in will vary greatly on your situation, but here’s what we would do:
Company 401k or other plan up to the match
Roth IRA for you and your spouse (Where to open a Roth IRA)
Back to the 401k or other plan
When choosing what types of funds to invest in I would highly recommend doing your research first, however, for us we prefer investing in low cost index and retirement target funds through companies like Vanguard where the costs remain low (Try a 3 fund portfolio!).
If you want an option that costs a tiny bit more than DIY, but is less work, Betterment or Wealthfront may be good options (after maxing tax preferred investing).
What do you think? Will 15% be enough for your retirement? Do you think you should save more or less?
This post may contain affiliate links, which helps us to continue providing relevant content and we receive a small commission at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read the full disclosure here.
Investing in stocks can seem like a daunting task.
There are so many things to consider when it comes to investing, and the stock market is constantly moving.
Stock market investing is a popular option to increase net worth and make money.
Many people are looking for ways to invest their money, with the number of individual investors increasing rapidly in recent years.
This guide covers many important factors for how to invest in stocks for beginners.
Starting out as a newbie trader can be scary and overwhelming… don’t worry, all seasoned traders had to start at the beginning too!
Let’s take away that quell those thoughts and focus on why you want to learn to invest in stocks.
This guide will give you everything you need to know about how to invest in stocks as a beginner investor!
What Are Stocks?
In the most basic form, stocks are a form of investment. When you own a stock, you have a piece of ownership in the company’s equity.
The stock market is a real-time financial market in which investors buy and sell stocks and other securites. The stock market is made up of many companies and individuals who are actively investing in stocks.
Stocks are an excellent way for companies and individuals to invest in a company and receive a share of the company’s profits.
Many of the growth stocks (FAANG stocks) are those who investors want their stock price to increase over time. Thus, increasing their overall portfolio’s net worth.
FAANG Stocks is an acronym for: Meta (formerly known as Facebook), Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Alphabet (formerly known as Google).
Some companies like Chevron (CVX) pay out a dividend each quarter to their investors.
There are thousands of stocks available to trade.
What Can You Invest In The Stock Market?
There are many investment opportunities in the financial market, so it is important to be informed about what you can invest in. Below are some of the places where you can invest your money:
Stocks
Bonds
Mutual funds
ETFs
Commodities
Futures
Options
Now, we are going to look at the most common.
Individual stocks
Individual stocks are a type of investment that you can make yourself.
You can choose how many shares of a certain company you want to purchase.
For example, you like Tesla for how they are innovative in the electric car space. You can choose to invest 20 shares of their stock.
As a long-term investor, you want to hold a portfolio of 10-25 stocks. Find a list of beginning stocks to build your portfolio.
Individual stocks can be bought or sold as a way to dip your toe into the stock-trading waters.
As a short-term investor, you are looking to make money as the stock price increases or decreases.
Mutual Funds
Mutual funds are managed portfolios of stocks.
As a result, mutual funds typically have load fees equal to 1% to 3% of the value of the fund.
One of the most popular mutual funds is VTSAX because of its expense ratio is .04%
Mutual funds are a clear choice for most investors because of the simplicity to invest in the market. This can be a good investment for both novice and experienced investors, as they offer decent returns with lower risk.
They tend to rise more slowly than individual stocks and have less potential for high returns. Mutual funds are a great way to diversify your portfolio and gain exposure to a variety of different securities.
All mutual funds must disclose their fees and performance information so that you can make an informed decision about whether or not to invest.
Exchange traded funds (ETFs)
Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are a type of exchange-traded investment product that must register with the SEC and allows investors to pool money and invest in stocks, bonds, or assets that are traded on the US stock exchange.
They are inherently diversified, which reduces your risk.
This is a good option for beginner investors because they offer a large selection of stocks in one go.
ETFs have a lower minimum to start investing, which is a draw for many investors starting out with little funds. Plus there are many different types of ETFs to choose from.
ETFs are similar to mutual funds, but trade more similarly to individual stocks. With ETFs and Index Funds, you can purchase them yourself and may have lower fees.
Why Stock Prices Fluctuate
Stock prices fluctuate because the financial markets are a complex system. There are many factors that can affect the price of a stock,
There are a number of factors that can influence stock prices, including:
Economic indicators like GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment rates
Company earnings reports
The overall health of the economy
Political and social instability
Changes in interest rates
War or natural disasters
Supply and demand,
Actions of the company’s management
Short squeezings like what happened with GME or AMC
The volatility in the stock market is the #1 reason most people stay out of investments. However, on average, the stock market has moved up 8-10% a year.
What is the best thing to invest in as a beginner?
The best thing to invest in as a beginner is your time.
You need to learn how the stock market works. Just like you would get a certification or degree, you should highly consider an investing course.
Learn and devote as much time as you can to investing in stocks.
How To Invest In Stocks For Beginners?
Investing in the stock market can be a great way to make money! If you’re looking for ways to make money or grow net worth, investing in a stock is a smart choice.
With online access and trading being easier now than ever, it can be easier than ever to start buying stocks.
Let’s dig into how to invest in stocks like a pro.
FYI…You should do your own research before investing.
Step #1: Figure out your goals
Figure out your goals to help with setting an investing strategy.
What are you trying to achieve with stock market investing? Is it supplemental income? A certain level of wealth for retirement? Are you looking for short-term or long-term gains?
Once you know what you’re aiming for, it will be easier to find the right stocks and make wise investment decisions.
Your reason to invest in stocks will be different than everyone around you.
Some people want to supplement their weekly income.
Others want to invest in companies for the long term.
My goal is to make weekly income from the stock market. That is my investment strategy for non-retirement accounts.
You need to spend time understanding WHY you want to buy stocks.
Knowing this answer will help you define what type of trader you will be.
Step #2. Decide how you want to invest in the stock market
When you decide to invest in the stock market, you need to choose what you want to invest in.
You can invest in stocks, which are shares of ownership in a company, or you can invest in bonds, which are loans that a company makes. There are also other options like mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which are collections of stocks or bonds.
Also, you can expand this to what types of investments will you have in various retirement or brokerage accounts. For example, you may invest in mutual funds with your 401k, ETFs with your Roth IRA, and stick with individual stocks for your taxable account.
This is a personal decision.
Many people when they are first starting to trade stocks choose to limit purchasing stocks with a limited percentage of their overall portfolio.
Step #3. Are you invest in stocks for the short term or long term?
The buy and hold investor is more comfortable with taking a long-term approach, while the short-term speculator is more focused on the day-to-day price fluctuations.
Once again, this is a personal preference.
One of the most common themes of many investing gurus is, “Remember that stock prices can go down as well as up, so it’s important to stay invested for the long term.”
However, this full-time trader wants to make money on those highs and lows.
Knowing your overall investment horizon will help you decide how much time you plan to hold onto your investments to reach your financial goal.
Also, you can choose different time horizons for different accounts.
Step #4: Determine your investing approach
Passive and active investing are two main approaches to stock market investing.
Passive investing does not involve significant trading and is associated with index funds.
Passive investing is a way to DIY your investments for maximum efficiency over time.
Thus, you would contribute to your investment account on the xx day of the month with $xx amount of money.
This happens with consistency regardless of where the market stands on that day.
You are less warry of where the stock market will go and focused on overtime it will continue to go up.
Active investing takes the opposite approach, hoping to maximize gains by buying and selling more frequently and at specific times.
Active investing is when an investor is actively acquiring, selling, or holding bought stocks.
This could be with day trading or swing trading.
You may hold stocks for less than a day, a few days, or a couple of weeks.
The purpose of having active investing is to make profits.
In the stock market, investors make efforts to increase their net worth over time or to make income off the market.
Step #5: Define your investment strategy
When it comes to investing in the stock market, there are a few key factors you need to take into account: your time horizon, financial goals, risk tolerance, and tax bracket.
Do you want to be an active trader or stick with passive investing? What kind of investor am I?
There is no right or wrong answer as this is a personal preference.
Ultimately, you want returns to be greater than the overall S&P 500 index for the year.
Once you’ve figured these out, you can start focusing on specific investment strategies that will work best for you.
Be aware of any fees or related costs when investing. Fees can take a bite out of your investments, so compare costs and fees.
Step #6: Determine the amount of money willing to lose on stocks.
Trading stocks online is inherently risky.
You want to consider what your “risk tolerance” is. Simply put, how much are you willing to lose in stocks before you want to quit?
The biggest reason most people quit trading stocks is that they do not know their risk tolerance and fail with risk management.
You will lose on trading stocks. The goal is to lose a small amount on some of the trades and gain a greater amount of more of your trades.
How much risk you can reasonably take on given your financial situation?
What are your feelings about risk?
What happens when your favorite stock drops 25%?
Understanding your risk tolerance and how much you are willing to lose will help you keep your losses small.
Start with a small amount of money when investing in stocks. Also, make sure you have enough money saved up so you can handle any losses that may occur.
How to Start Investing in Stocks
There are a variety of ways to start investing in stocks. Some methods include getting a small account balance and then buying shares, creating an investing club with friends, or researching the companies you want to invest in.
Now, that you have determined how and why you want to invest in stocks. Let’s dig into the nitty gritty of how to manage a stock portfolio.
On the other hand, if you don’t invest enough, you could miss out on potential profits. Try starting with an amount you’re comfortable losing if the stock market does go down.
1. Open an investment account
There are a few things you need to do in order to start investing in the stock market.
The first is to open an investment account with a broker or an online brokerage firm.
There are different types of accounts you can open:
Taxable accounts like an individual or joint brokerage
Retirement accounts like IRA or Roth IRA
These are the most basic investment accounts, here is a list of types of investment accounts.
If you plan to hold EFTs or mutual funds, Vanguard is a great place to start.
If you plan to be an active trader, I would look at TD Ameritrade or Fidelity. Be wary of Robinhood or WeBull.
2. Saturate yourself in Stock Market Knowledge
On the simplest level, it can be incredibly easy to begin your investing career with little-to-no knowledge, research, and expertise.
If you have even a remote understanding of stocks, then learn what you need from an easy-to-find YouTube video, followed by watching some of your favorite TV shows to learn more about the market and its secrets.
With that said, you need to be digesting the basics from start to end of getting your first investment started.
As the title reveals, investing can seem intimidating and complicated. Thus, stock market knowledge is invaluable.
3. Consider an Investing Course
A typical investing course would teach how to invest in stocks (and possibly other investments).
As a beginner trader, it is unlikely you will know the full extent of how the stock market works. There are many intricacies you must learn and understand.
Beginners should learn about stock investing basics, such as diversification and investment criteria.
Many investing courses offer a platform on how to make money by trading stocks.
Personally, I highly recommend buying this investing course.
If you choose not to follow my advice, that is fine. Come back when you have lost more money in the stock market than the price of the courses.
I CAN NOT STRESS ENOUGH… how important it is to have a solid foundation and practice in a simulated account before you use your real money.
4. Research the companies you want to invest in
When you’re ready to start investing in stocks, it is important that you do your due diligence and research the companies you want to invest in.
Look for trends and for companies that are in positions to benefit you.
Consider stocks across a wide range of industries, from technology to health care. It’s also important to remember that stock prices can go up or down, so always consider this before making any investment decisions.
5. Choose your stocks, ETFs, or mutual funds
Next, you have to decide what fits your investing strategy. Are you looking to buy:
Stocks
ETFs
Mutual Funds
Regardless of which type of investment you make, you must look for companies that have attractive valuations and growth prospects. In the case of index funds or ETFs, which fund has the companies you find attractive.
Most importantly, you should also take into account the company’s financial health and its prospects for future growth.
Make sure you understand the risks associated with holding a particular stock, including possible price fluctuations and loss of value.
7. Take the Trade
This is the hardest step for most people is to take their first trade.
Thus, why learning to trade stocks is great to learn a simulated account using fake money. Then, move to a LIVE account using your real money.
At some point, in your investing in stocks journey, you must press the buy button.
For many the investment platform may be overwhelming to use, so check out your brokerage’s YouTube videos to help you out.
8: Manage your portfolio
Managing your portfolio is important to keep your investments in good shape.
If you are a long-term investor, diversify your portfolio by investing in different types of investment vehicles and industries.
If you prefer to swing trade or day trade, then you want to make sure you always have cash on hand and are rotating your portfolio to take profit.
Investing can be difficult for beginners who often lack knowledge about the stock market.
It is important to remember to keep investing money and rebalance your portfolio on a regular basis. This will help ensure that you stay on top of your investments and achieve the desired result.
9. Selling Stocks
For most investors, it is harder to sell their stocks than to purchase them. There are a variety of factors for that. But, you must sell your stocks at some time to realize your gain.
Don’t panic if the market crashes or corrects – these events usually don’t last very long and history has shown that the market will eventually rebound. Most people tend to panic sell when stocks are low and FOMO buy when the market is at highs.
When you are ready to sell, aim to achieve a percentage return on your investment.
This will require some focus on your time horizon and the stocks you want to invest in.
Also, you need to consider any taxes that may be owed on the sale of stock.
If you’re new to stock investing, consider using index funds instead of individual stocks to gain broad market exposure.
10. Journal & Analyze your Trades
Journaling is a way of recording the important decisions you make during trading to help yourself remember what happened in your trades. It can be used as a tool for reflection, learning from mistakes, and reviewing your strategy.
Analyzing your trades means looking back on your trading history with the goal of improving it.
This is the most overlooked step of the investing process.
When it comes to buying and selling stocks, journalling what is happening in the market is an important part of being a successful investor.
Stock Market Investing Tips for Beginners
Ask any seasoned trader, and they will have a list of investing tips for beginners.
They have made plenty of trading mistakes they do not want to see newbies do the same thing.
When starting to invest in the stock market, beginner investors often seek out consistent and reliable investments.
This allows them to slowly learn about the stock market and take calculated risks while also earning a return on their investment. Over time, as they gain experience, they can expand their portfolio to include riskier but potentially more rewarding stocks.
1. Invest in Companies That You Understand
An investor should know the company they are investing in and have an idea of what type of return they expect.
When you are starting out, it is best to invest in stocks of companies that are easy to understand and have a proven track record.
Do NOT invest in stocks based on the advice of friends, what you read in the news, or on a whim – these can be risky moves. Be wary of the popular stocks you can find on the Reddit Personal Finance threads.
2. Don’t Time the Market
In the world of investing, there is one rule that no investors should ever break: do not time the market.
By following this rule, you will always be on top of your investments and will be able to reap the rewards.
There are times to buy stocks and sell stocks. This is something you will learn when investing in a high-quality investing course.
As an average investor, trying to time the market will leave you frustrated by your minimal returns or great losses.
3. Avoid Penny Stocks
Penny stocks are the lowest-priced securities on the market, and they don’t offer any significant upside potential to their investors. While you may hit a home run return on some, many penny stocks tend to trend sideways.
The risk is not worth the return.
If you plan to invest in stocks, avoid penny stocks and focus on healthy companies.
4. Consider Buying Fractional Shares
Fractional share investing lets investors buy less than a full share at one time. Many times, you may not be able to afford the price of a full share.
For example, buying a share of Amazon (AMZN) may cost you upwards of $2800 or more. Thus, you can invest a smaller amount with a fractional share.
You would have to check if your brokerage company allows the purchase of fractional shares.
5. Stay the Course
In order to be successful, a trader must stay the course and maintain their focus. By staying focused, they will have less chance of making mistakes that may lead to big losses or overtrading.
When you’re starting out in the stock market, it’s important to be disciplined with your buying. Don’t try to time the market, because you’re likely to fail. Instead, buy shares over time and stay the course.
That way, you’ll be more likely to see a profit in the long run.
6. Avoid Emotional Trading
In order to be successful in the stock market, you have to maintain a level head.
Responding emotionally will only lead to bad decision making. Instead, stay the course and trust your research and analysis.
Know your weaknesses as well as your strengths.
7. Do Your Research
When you’re ready to start investing in the stock market, it is important to do your research so you can make informed decisions.
There are a lot of stocks to choose from, and it can be tempting to invest in them all.
But remember, you don’t want to spread yourself too thin. Invest in stocks that you believe in and that have a good chance of making you money.
8. Build Wealth
Stock market investing is one of the best ways to grow your money over time.
For long-term investing, you buy stocks in companies and hold them for a period of time, typically years. Over time, as the company grows and makes more money, so does your stock. This is one of the most common ways to build wealth over time.
The other way with short-term investing is to consistently take profit and grow your account over time.
Stock investing FAQs
Here is a list of the most common questions and answers on stock investing.
Q: What is the difference between investing and trading?
Trading is buying or selling financial products with the goal of making a profit. This is normally a day trader or swing trader.
Investing, on the other hand, refers to the process of putting money into an investment with the hope that it will grow. Someone who is focused on the long-term.
Q: Do you have to live in the U.S. to open a stock brokerage account?
No, you do not have to live in the U.S. to open a stock brokerage account. You must find a brokerage company in your area of residence abroad.
Q: How much money do I need to start investing?
The very common question of, “How much should you invest in stocks first time?”
It is recommended to start investing with $500 or more. However, you can start with Acorns with as little as $5.
Check out this investor’s story by starting with a small account of $500 and growing it over $35k in less than 6 months.
It is best to grow your account with your growth or profit.
Q: Do I have to pay taxes on the money I earn from stocks?
Yes, you will be required to pay taxes on the money you earn from stocks.
Q: What are the best stocks for beginners to invest in?
The best stocks for beginners to invest in are those that have a history of staying consistently on an uptrend. These companies’ stock prices have typically risen over the course of the year.
Find a list of beginning stocks to build your portfolio.
Q: How do beginners buy stocks?
Above, we outlined this in detail. In order to buy stocks, there are a few different steps that you should follow in order to maximize your chances of success.
The first step is making sure you have an account. Once you have an account, the next step is to decide which stocks you want to invest in. Then, you must buy your stock. Finally, you must decide when you want to sell your stock for a realized gain or loss.
Q: How many stocks should you own?
The best answer is it depends on your investing strategy.
As a short-term investor, you can only manage a smaller number of trades.
As a long-term investor, you need a more well-rounded portfolio. of15-25 stocks.
More likely than not, the short answer is “as many as you can afford.”
Q: What is the best thing to invest in as a beginner?
The best thing to invest in as a beginner is an index fund.
Indexes are great because they diversify across many different types of investments and don’t require much effort on the part of the investor to maintain. Index funds are also less risky than other investments, especially in the beginning stages of an individual’s investing career.
Q: How do we make money?
Traders make money in many ways. They can trade stocks, bonds, futures, and options on equities. They can go long when the market goes up and short when the market goes down.
Traders also use trading systems that are usually automated to manage the trades they make to maximize profit.
Trading is a risky investment and it’s not uncommon for traders to lose money. In order to keep losses small, many traders use the trading strategy based on minimizing risk in order to get the desired return.
Learn how fast you can make money in stocks.
Q: Why is Youtube Option Trading So Popular?
Video on how to trade options is very popular on Youtube. This is because of the high volume of interest on this topic.
For many people, learning options is an advanced strategy that takes more time and knowledge to learn.
This is my favorite youtube option trading channel as well as an overall investing strategy.
Additionally, traders are able to get a much higher return on motion trading versus going long or short on stocks.
Q: What is volume in stocks?
Volume is a measure of the number of shares traded in a given period, usually trading days.
This is an important metric if you plan to exit your trade to know there are enough buyers to buy your stock.
Q: How to invest in penny stocks for beginners?
Penny stocks are shares of a company that typically trade for less than $5 per share, which is also known as penny stock trading.
Investing in penny stocks can be a lot of fun and the highest risk, and there are many ways to get involved. For anyone who is new to the world of investing in penny stocks, it can be intimidating to know where to start.
However, there are a few things that you should keep in mind before diving into the world of penny stocks. One of these is researching what types of companies you want to invest in. Many of these penny stocks are not healthy companies and burning through cash.
It is important to always be careful when investing in penny stocks. Keep in mind that the risk of losing money is high and you should invest only what you are willing to lose.
Q: How to invest in stocks for beginners robinhood?
Robinhood is a stock brokerage company that allows users to invest in stocks without paying any fees. It also provides real-time quotes and charts. To invest, the user must have an account with Robinhood that holds at least $0.
Most major brokerage companies have zero commission fees on trading stocks as well.
Beware, Robinhood is known for stopping to trade various stocks during times of volatility whereas other’s brokers do not.
Q: What is a good price to buy at?
This is a hotly debated question as every investor sees the market from their view.
More often than not, people wonder the best time to buy stocks.
As such, you can read is now a good time to buy stocks?
Ready for Stock Market Investing?
If you are new to investing in stocks, there are a few things you take into consideration before diving into the market.
For starters, it is important to understand how stock markets work. You should also know the difference between a stock and an investment.
Investing in stocks can be a bit complicated, but this guide walked you through the basics of how to invest.
Before you invest in stocks, it is important that you understand your investment strategy. That way, you can make informed decisions about where to put your money and how much risk you are willing to take on.
Most people shy away from learning how to actively trade stocks because of the movies about Wall Street they have watched.
You will get a deeper understanding of investing in stocks the longer you educate yourself on the concept.
Overall, it is wise to diversify your portfolio and don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
So, what is your next move to start investing?
One of the best ways to improve your personal finance situation is to increase your income.
Here are the best investing courses to guide your path. With time and effort, you can start enjoying the lifestyle you want.
Learn how to supplement your daily, weekly, or monthly income with trading so that you can live your best life! This is a lifestyle trading style you need to learn.
Honestly, this course is a must for anyone who invests. You will lose more in the market than you will spend this quality education – guaranteed.
Read my Invest with Teri Review.
Photo Credit:
studentloanplannercourse.com
Learn how to reach a six figure net worth in 5 to 10 years, even if you have a massive amount of student loans.
This beginning investment course will help you pay off debt and start your path to six figures.
After taking a second job as a driver for Amazon to make ends meet, this former teacher pivoted to be a successful stock trader.
Leaving behind the stress of teaching, now he sets his own schedule and makes more money than he ever imagined. He grew his account from $500 to $38000 in 8 months.
Check out this interview.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Hello, GRSers. Today, let’s revisit something I tacked on to the end of my nine lessons from The Millionaire Next Door:
[T]here are actually two benefits of learning to live on much less than your paycheck.
The first, of course, is that you can save more.
But secondly, it also means that you ultimately need to save less.
Permit me to demonstrate.
Someone who makes $50,000 but lives on just $40,000 can contribute $10,000 a year to her nest egg, and can retire when that nest egg is big enough to generate — along with Social Security and other benefits — $40,000 a year. However, someone who makes $50,000 but spends, say, $48,000 is contributing just $2,000 to a portfolio that must eventually help provide $48,000 a year in retirement. In other words, she’s saving less yet needs to accumulate more.
I thought I’d add some heft to this argument by drawing out the illustrations with some calculations (yay, math!), as well as add a third hypothetical person with a savings rate in between the aforementioned folks.
Save Now, Profit Later
Let’s assume we have three 40-year-olds who each earn $50,000. Here’s how they look in 2011:
Investor A
Investor B
Investor C
Annual living expenses
$40,000
$45,000
$48,000
Annual savings
$10,000
$5,000
$2,000
Savings rate
20%
10%
4%
Savings rate is the percentage of income contributed toward retirement accounts.
Besides their ages and salaries, let’s assume they’ll also experience the same rate of inflation and wage growth (both 3% annually) and investment returns (8% annually). Finally, they each would like to retire at age 67, when they will be able to claim full Social Security benefits.
Note: Yes, I know we can argue about the assumed inflation rate and investment returns. Let’s not, though. They’re incidental to my main point here, which is comparing investors with different savings rates. Whatever inflation and investment returns the future holds, they will affect these investors identically.
Now, let’s fast-forward 27 years. Thanks to raises, each of our three guinea pigs earns an annual salary of $111,064. But they’ve maintained their savings rates, and thus their annual expenses (since they’re just different sides of the same 11,106,400 coins, assuming those coins are pennies). Here’s how things will look at the end of 2037.
Investor A
Investor B
Investor C
Annual expenses
$88,852
$99,958
$106,622
Portfolio value
$1,245,623
$622,811
$249,125
Income coverage ratio
14.0
6.2
2.3
Income-coverage ratio is the portfolio value divided by annual expenses.
As you can see, the super-saver has more than a million dollars, quite a bit more than the other two investors. Furthermore, that portfolio is 14.0 times Investor A’s annual expenses; in other words, not factoring in investment growth, inflation, or any other retirement income (such as Social Security), Investor A’s portfolio could cover living expenses for fourteen years.
The other two portfolios would only last 6.2 and 2.3 years. This is mostly due to Investor A having a bigger portfolio, but it’s also due to Investor A needing less each year because she’s learned to live on a lower level of annual expenses. This is why living below your means is like saving for retirement twice: It allows you to contribute more to retirement accounts, and you can retire sooner because you need to accumulate less to cover your expenses in retirement.
Still Not Enough?
Thus ends the lesson about the whole “saving for retirement twice” concept. I hope you enjoyed the show.
For those who wish to continue, we’ll address another question: Does Investor A have enough to retire, even after saving 20% of income for 27 years? The answer: It depends. If Investor A were a real-life person on the verge of retirement, I’d recommend 1) a thorough retirement-plan analysis, and 2) a psychoanalysis of her parents for naming her Investor A. But since this is a blog post and there are plenty of funny YouTube videos to vye for your viewing (such as this one), we’ll do some simple calculations (yay, more math!). It involves two numbers:
Four percent of $1,245,623 or $49,825: Financial-planning geeks (and the people who love them) know the “4% rule,” which is a guideline for how much of a portfolio a retiree can spend in the first year of retirement. It’s just a rule of thumb, with plenty of quibbles. (For an explanation and some of the criticisms, read this from Vanguard’s John Ameriks.) But it serves as a good baseline for our purposes.
The future, inflated, annualized value of Social Security benefits, or $55,668: That’s the number I got from using the Quick Calculator from Social Security Online.
Add them together, and you get $105,493 — a good bit more than the $88,852 Investor A needs to cover living expenses. Perhaps she, being the great saver that she is, could retire before age 67.
But wait! That assumes she’ll receive her full Social Security benefit as currently estimated, and everyone knows that the program is bankrupt and all she’ll receive is “10% off” coupons from Denny’s. That leaves her with just that $49,825 — only half of what she needs.
Well, not quite. As I’ve written before in these cyber-pages, you will receive something from Social Security — but it’s prudent to assume it’ll be less than currently projected. The Social Security Administration estimates that future payroll taxes will cover approximately 75% of scheduled benefits in 2037. Let’s play it safer and assume Investor A will get just half of her benefit, or $27,834, for a total retirement income of $77,659. That’s still less than $88,852.
This is where that “thorough retirement-plan analysis” would come in. Could Investor A get by on less than $88,852? Can she downsize to a smaller home? Could she work just a few years more (by delaying Social Security to age 70, her benefit will be more than a third higher than if she takes it at age 67) or work part-time (and thus retire part-time)? She likely has a few options, which are more numerous and will entail less sacrifice than those available to Investor B and Investor C.
But even they have more options than Investor D, whose situation looks like this:
Investor D
Savings Rate
0%
Portfolio value
$0
Chance of retiring
0%
If you can’t save 20% or even 10% of your income, save what you can, as soon as you can. You’ll always be better off than someone who doesn’t save anything.
You want to started investing but aren’t sure what steps to take. No worries. Let me walk you through the basics and you’ll soon be on your way.
Before we start, you should know that the stock market offers a great way to grow your wealth. However, with the reward of earning 5%, 8%, or even 12% per year on your investments comes with the risk of losing money.
That means the value of your investments may drop one year. It may also take several years to recover from that loss. If you aren’t ready for the risks, then investing is not for you.
Think about These Issues Before You Start Investing
Investors are urged to invest for long term gain. This is due to changes in the market (those gains and losses you will see).
If you will not need your money for a minimum of 5 – 7 years, then you are the perfect candidate for investing. The between now and when you need your money is called the time horizon. For example, if you are investing toward buying a small cabin on the lake in 15 years, then your time horizon is 15 years. However, if your child will be heading off to college in 4 years, your time horizon would be 4 years.
Your time horizon is not the only thing you should know. Ask yourself a few other questions as well:
Am I investing for retirement, education, or another purpose?
How much do I have to invest, and is that money available in a lump sum, a regular monthly amount, or both?
Am I wanting to spend my time managing these investments?
How much money do I want to spend in investment fees?
What amount of fluctuation from the U.S. stock market performance am I willing to accept?
Your responses will guide your investing decisions, not only for the types of investments but also the brokerage firm you choose.
Consider Investing for Retirement with Low-Cost Index Funds
Let’s say you are investing for retirement, have an initial investment of $3,000. The plan is to add $100 each month to your account. You goal is to spend little time managing your investment. In addition, you would like to closely match U.S. stock performance (either the S&P 500 or the entire market). What should you do?
You can open an IRA with an online brokerage firm such as E*Trade, Fidelity, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, or Vanguard. To get started investing, you will need to fund your account. Funding is how the money moves from your account to your investment accounts.
In most cases, funding is arranged by setting up a link between your checking account and the brokerage account, and making transfers. The initial process can take a few days but after the connection is established, you can move funds to purchase shares of stocks, mutual funds, or ETFs.
Next, purchase either commission-free, market-index exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or no-load, no-transaction-fee market-index mutual funds. For example, you can buy shares in Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Investor Shares (VTSMX) for a minimum initial investment of $3,000 and additional investments of at least $1. You will want to make sure you sign up for paperless statements so you can get the $20 account fee waived.
Or, you could purchase shares in commission-free Schwab U.S. Broad Market ETF (SCHB) for $1,000 (or any multiple of its market price, which is about $50 at this writing); and make additional minimum purchases that equal the fund’s share price.
Buy Individual Stocks If You Are Comfortable with Greater Risk
Alternatively, you may be interested in growing your wealth more aggressively and are willing to accept risks (and losses) associated with potentially greater rewards. You have plenty of time to spend evaluating and selecting individual stocks plus you don’t mind paying transaction fees associated with the purchase and sale of stocks (or sector or specialty mutual funds or ETFs).
Again, you could open a regular brokerage account with any of the online brokerage firms. You might look at investing with Acorns, E*Trade, Schwab, or Fidelity. Keep in mind that each on-line firm has minimum investment thresholds that you will need to meet. You could choose stocks on your own or find ones using screening tools available on each firm’s website.
After determining what you’d like to buy and the approximate quantity, you’ll want to set a price to indicate how much you are willing to pay for shares and then place your order. Fees to place orders typically run about $9.99 or less.
Decide Whether Innovative Brokerage Firms Are Right for You
You might also consider investing with a newer firm, such as Betterment, Motif Investing, or Loyal3; these companies all have unique approaches to serving customers that may or may not meet your needs.
Betterment makes investment decisions on your behalf and charges an account management fee rather than individual transaction fees; you may like this approach if you don’t have time to invest on your own. Motif Investing offers fee-free investing through its Horizon Motifs, which are comprised primarily of market index ETFs, along with its specialty motifs that trade for a flat $9.95 fee. Loyal3 has a totally fee-free platform in which you can buy shares (or even fractional shares) of certain stocks with an investment of as little as $10.
If you are ready, now is the time to get started in investing, regardless of whether the market is up or down today. The sooner you start, the more your money can grow.
Julie Rains is a freelance writer specializing in personal finance, mortgages, and investing. She writes for her own blogInvesting to Thrive as well as other media outlets including Wise Bread and Loans101.
Julie holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with a concentration in Finance from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Julie started investing soon after graduation and has continued to invest and learn over the past 20+ years. In her free time, she enjoys cycling with friends and spending time with her husband and nearly grown sons.
Long, long ago, in a mystical forest with good Wi-Fi, Goldilocks opened an investing account with $3,000 to invest.
At first, she considered pouring more money into her retirement accounts (which only holds mutual fund investments). But her Roth IRA was already maxed out for the year. Moreover, she knew that she would need this money sooner than age 65.
“Too cold!” she said.
Next, she considered investing in individual stocks. But even though she’d done her due diligence, she knew that investing in individual securities can be very risky. She didn’t need to become a millionaire overnight – she just wanted to make enough money to buy a cottage in a few years.
“Too hot!” she said.
Finally, she began browsing ETFs. ETFs are generally more stable, diverse, and safe investments than individual stocks, but they’re also more accessible than your retirement account.
“Juuuuust right!” she said aloud.
10 years later, Goldilocks’ investment had paid off – thanks to a steady 10% APY, her $3,000 investment had become nearly $8,000, so she was finally able to pay restitution and legal fees to the family of bears down the way.
Thanks to inherent diversity and steady returns, ETFs are a great place to stash a few grand to help you save for a big expense years or decades down the line.
What’s Ahead:
Large-cap stock ETFs
Large-cap ETFs typically bundle together blue-chip stocks or even an entire index, providing steady, sizeable returns. Warren Buffet once famously said:
“I just think that the best thing to do is buy 90% in S&P 500 index fund.”
So I’ve included two such options on the list.
You’ll also see a lot of Vanguard funds on this list because, well, they’re just awesome all the way around. Vanguard funds are extremely popular among investors because they combine industry-leading returns with incredibly low expense ratios.
ETF
Symbol
Fund info
Expense ratio
Schwab US Large-Cap Growth ETF™
SCHG
The fund’s goal is to track as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the total return of the Dow Jones U.S. Large-Cap Growth Total Stock Market Index.
0.04%
SPDR S&P 500 ETF
SPY
The SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust seeks to provide investment results that, before expenses, correspond generally to the price and yield performance of the S&P 500® Index (the “Index”).
0.0945%
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF
VOO
The Vanguard S&P 500 ETF invests in stocks in the S&P 500 Index, representing 500 of the largest U.S. companies.
0.03%
Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth ETF
VONG
The investment seeks to track the performance of the Russell 1000® Growth Index. The index is designed to measure the performance of large-capitalization growth stocks in the United States.
0.08%
Mid-cap stock ETFs
Goldilocks’ choice – mid-cap ETFs – bundle together companies that have an exciting growth curve before them, but are established enough not to fold overnight.
If you can tolerate a little more risk in exchange for higher potential returns than an index fund, consider these top picks:
ETF
Symbol
Fund info
Expense ratio
Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth ETF
VOT
VOT seeks to track the performance of the CRSP US Mid Cap Growth Index, which measures the investment return of mid-capitalization growth stocks.
0.07%
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF
IJF
IJF seeks to track the investment results of an index composed of mid-capitalization U.S. equities.
0.05%
Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF
VO
VO seeks to track the performance of the CRSP US Mid Cap Index, which measures the investment return of mid-capitalization stocks.
0.04%
Schwab U.S. Mid-Cap ETF
SCHM
SCHM’s goal is to track as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the total return of the Dow Jones U.S. Mid-Cap Total Stock Market Index.
0.04%
Small-cap stock ETFs
If you’ve looked at your asset portfolio recently and thought “hmm… needs a little more spice,” then a small-cap ETF might add just the right amount of kick.
These ETFs track small companies with big potential, so they present higher risk but higher potential reward than large- or mid-cap ETFs.
ETF
Symbol
Fund info
Expense ratio
Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF
VIOG
VIOG employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the S&P SmallCap 600® Growth Index, which represents the growth companies, as determined by the index sponsor, of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index.
0.15%
Vanguard Small-Cap ETF
VB
VB seeks to track the performance of the CRSP US Small Cap Index, which measures the investment return of small-capitalization stocks.
0.05%
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF
IJR
IJR seeks to track the investment results of an index composed of small-capitalization U.S. equities.
0.06%
Schwab U.S. Small-Cap ETF
SCHA
SCHA’s goal is to track as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the total return of the Dow Jones U.S. Small-Cap Total Stock Market Index.
0.04%
International stock ETFs
ETF
Symbol
Fund info
Expense ratio
Vanguard Emerging Markets ETF
VWO
VWO invests in stocks of companies located in emerging markets around the world, such as China, Brazil, Taiwan, and South Africa.
0.10%
Vanguard Total International Stock ETF
VXUS
VXUS seeks to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, which measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located outside the United States.
0.08%
SPDR® MSCI EAFE Fossil Fuel Free ETF
EFAX
EFAX seeks to offer climate-conscious investors exposure to international equities while limiting exposure to companies owning fossil fuel reserves.
0.20%
Vanguard FTSE Developed Markets ETF
VEA
VEA provides a convenient way to match the performance of a diversified group of stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in Canada and the major markets of Europe and the Pacific region.
0.05%
Fixed income ETFs
ETF
Symbol
Fund info
Expense ratio
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF
AGG
AGG seeks to track the investment results of an index composed of the total U.S. investment-grade bond market.
0.05%
Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF
BND
BND’s investment objective is to seek to track the performance of a broad, market-weighted bond index.
0.035%
Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond ETF
VCIT
VCIT seeks to provide a moderate and sustainable level of current income by investing primarily in high-quality (investment-grade) corporate bonds.
0.05%
Schwab 1-5 Year Corporate Bond ETF
SCHJ
SCHJ’s goal is to track as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the total return of an index that measures the performance of the short-term U.S. corporate bond market.
0.05%
What does large-cap, mid-cap, etc. mean?
To start, “cap” refers to market capitalization, or the total value of a company’s shares on the market. For example, if a company has 1 million shares on the market valued at $10 a pop, their market cap would be $10 million.
Large-cap ETFs are comprised of companies each with a market cap of $10 billion or higher. The Vanguard Mega Cap ETF (MGC), for example, contains around 250 of the biggest companies in the USA, from Amazon to Apple. Since they’re often full of blue-chip stocks that provide slow-but-steady returns, large-cap ETFs are considered a safe, long-term investment.
Mid-cap ETFsare comprised of companies each with a market cap in the $2 to $10 billion range. All ETFs are designed to succeed and make money, so mid-cap ETFs are filled with midsized companies that are in the middle of their “growth curve,” so to speak – they’re high-performing, high-potential companies that may become the next blue-chip, so mid-cap ETFs balance risk and reward.
Small-cap ETFsare comprised of companies each with a market cap of “just” $300 million to $2 billion. Fund managers who design small-cap ETFs cast a wide net, aiming to scoop up “the next big thing.” As a result, these ETFs have higher growth potential than most ETFs, but also steeper downside if the smaller companies within end up folding.
International ETFsare, as the name so subtly hints, full of non-U.S. stocks and securities. There are country-specific ETFs, foreign industry ETFs (think non-U.S. automotive stocks), and even ETFs representing emerging markets like sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil.
Fixed income ETFs, aka bond ETFs, give you access to diverse bond investments. For the uninitiated, bonds are like loans you make to companies or governments that they pay back with interest. You can read more about bonds here, but the bottom line is this: fixed-income ETFs provide steady income in the form of dividends, so they’re a good choice if you want a safe investment that gives you a paycheck!
Read more:How To Invest In ETFs
Which type of ETF is right for you?
Well, it depends on both your goals and your risk tolerance.
If you can tolerate some risk in your portfolio, and want your ETF investment to pay off sooner than later (within five years), you may want to consider small-cap and mid-cap ETFs. They’re riskier, but have higher upside potential.
If you’re looking for a safer investment that will multiply your money over a longer horizon (5+ years), a large-cap ETF is probably a fit.
If you’d like your ETF investment to provide a trickle of cashback each month, fixed income ETFs are probably your best bet.
And finally, if you don’t mind doing a little research or believe strongly in the economic performance of a foreign market, you’ll be a fan of international ETFs.
Read more: How To Determine Your Investing Risk Tolerance
About our criteria
With hundreds of commission-free ETFs available, how did these become the winners?
To make this list, ETFs had to impress in all of the following categories:
Earnings potential.Naturally, the first thing looked at was the ETF’s performance over the past five years. A good sign of a healthy ETF is how quickly it bounced back in Q3 2020 after the market panic surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Springboarding back and surpassing Q1 levels are a sign of investor confidence, and helped solidify the ETF’s place on this list.
Expense ratio.Next, I looked at the ETF’s expense ratio. Your expense ratio is the percentage of your investment you pay to the fund manager for having shares of the ETF. Although measured in fractions of a percent, expense ratios make a difference – 0.80% of $10,000 is $80 and 0.04% is just $4, so ETFs with an expense ratio below 0.20% were favored.
Fund reputation. You’ll see a lot of repeated names on this list because funds like Schwab, BlackRock (iShares), and especially Vanguard have a proven track record of building well-crafted, reliable ETFs with low expense ratios. Fund reputation matters in the long run because big funds attract big money, which helps to generate higher returns for you!
Solid fundamentals.ETFs aren’t just random grab bags of stock and securities – each one is a carefully curated list, with selection criteria driven by both AI and human logic. There are some wacky and unique ETFs out there – such as Millennial ETFs and Space ETFs – and I’ll cover more of them in an upcoming piece. But this list isn’t for the experimental, exciting stuff – it’s for safe, dare I say boring, places to stash and multiply your savings.
Conscious investing.Finally, this was more of a small thing in the back of my mind, but I wanted each ETF on this list to score average or above average for “conscious capitalism.” No fossil fuels, no sin stocks (learn more about sin stocks here) – and not just because it’s not the way of the future, but because investments in conscious capitalism generally outperform “sinful” investments in the long term.
Commission-free ETFs solve a big problem for young investors
Commission-free ETFs aren’t just great because they’re cheap – they actually solve a pretty serious problem plaguing young ETF investors.
You see, ETFs have heftier commissions and trade fees than stocks because ETFs can be resource-intensive to create. Let’s say you’re a fund manager and you have an idea for an ETF. The process to get your ETF approved by the SEC isn’t unlike getting your new drug approved by the FDA; you have to research a ton, understand the risks, and propose your ETF to the government.
Once your ETF is approved and available, you probably want some additional compensation for your work beyond just capital gains from your ETF.
You don’t want to charge a high percentage trade fee, because big-ticket investors will be turned off. So, instead, you charge a $10 to $20 fee per trade of your ETF.
Big-ticket investors who drop $50,000 on a trade couldn’t care less about a $20 fee, since that represents just 0.04% of their investment. But if you’re a young investor, investing maybe $50 to $100 out of each monthly paycheck, a $20 per-trade fee is way too high – basically pricing us out of ETF investing. 🙁
Thankfully, many brokerages have realized that their per-trade fees are too high for young investors and have eliminated commissions on trades of certain ETFs. At first, funds like Vanguard and Fidelity only let you trade commission-free on their own platforms, but now, they’ve expanded their commission-free goodness to wide platforms like J. P. Morgan Self-Directed Investing.
And it’s not just the junk ETFs that get traded commission-free – in fact, it’s often quite the opposite. Firms like Vanguard and Fidelity will let you trade their most successful ETFs for free – presumably because they don’t really need the commission.
Disclosure – INVESTMENT AND INSURANCE PRODUCTS ARE: NOT A DEPOSIT • NOT FDIC INSURED • NO BANK GUARANTEE • MAY LOSE VALUE
Summary
If you’re looking for an investment vehicle falling somewhere between your boring retirement account and your exciting individual stock purchases, ETFs are an excellent choice. And now that the big funds are waiving commissions on their top-performing ETFs, there’s never been a better time to dive into the world of ETFs and inject some low- to mid-risk into your portfolio.
ETFs are also an excellent investment if you’re looking to multiply your money and cash out within 2 to 10 years. You can even leave your ETF investment until retirement, if you want, so it has plenty of time to multiply under compound interest.
Not all ETFs are made the same, however – and the SEC has approved some stinkers over the years, for sure. These ETFs, on the other hand, are universally considered top-ranked and well-supported within the investor community – and are a superb place to start.
If you want people to read your investing-related post or book, you’ll increase your chances by mentioning Warren Buffett in your title. After all, I just did it — and it might be why you chose to read this. Every financial media company does it, including us at The Motley Fool.
His investing skills while the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway have made him the fourth-richest man in the world. Most of the articles and books about him attempt to dissect his investing strategies and explain how you can use them to identify your own winning stocks. So it was a bit surprising when Larry Swedroe wrote Think, Act, and Invest Like Warren Buffett. He’s the director of research for the BAM Alliance of independent financial advisers, the author of several books, and a blogger on CBS Marketwatch. He also thinks that picking individual stocks — as opposed to investing in index funds — is a really bad idea.
I’ve chatted several times with Larry over the years, because he’s as smart as they come on the topics of asset allocation and financial planning. Recently, we had a conversation about why he would write a book singing the praises of the world’s most famous stock picker. Of course, that whole “increase sales by including Buffett in your headline” thing probably had something to do with it. But it’s not just a gimmick; Larry has three main arguments for why the index investor should still listen to the Oracle of Omaha, and he uses actual quotes from Buffett to back them up. And it starts with…
1. Warren Buffett recommends index funds
It may not be widely known, but Buffett is actually a fan of index funds. Here’s what he wrote in his 1996 annual letter:
“Most investors, both institutional and individual, will find that the best way to own common stocks is through an index fund that charges minimal fees. Those following this path are sure to beat the net results (after fees and expense) delivered by the great majority of investment professionals. Seriously, costs matter.”
Buffett’s a smart fellow, and he knows his history and his statistics; both establish that it’s pretty darn hard (though not impossible) to outperform an index fund over the long term. Obviously, he doesn’t think this applies to him — he still keeps picking individual stocks (or buying companies outright). But he recognizes the great value of the index fund. The same goes for us at The Motley Fool. My colleagues devote a great deal of time and energy to finding great stocks. But we also have a room named after John Bogle, the founder of the Vanguard family of mutual funds and one of the primary progenitors of the index fund. (Next to the entrance to our Bogle room, we have a picture of Mr. Bogle wearing a Motley Fool cap during one of his visits to our office. It’s pretty cool.)
2. Warren Buffett ignores market forecasts
Wade into the waters of the ever-flowing financial media, and you’ll see an endless flotilla of gurus offering their assessments of where the market is headed. Buffett thinks you should pay them no heed:
“We have long felt that the only value of stock forecasters is to make fortune-tellers look good. Even now, Charlie [Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway] and I continue to believe that short-term market forecasts are poison and should be kept locked up in a safe place, away from children and also from grown-ups who behave in the market like children.”
In case you need some stats to back that up, CXO Advisory Group analyzed the predictions of 68 “experts” from 2005 to 2012. As a group, they were right less than half the time. You would have been better off flipping a coin than listening to these people.
During our most recent discussion, I asked Larry Swedroe why these people still have jobs. He had a few reasons, but one in particular stood out: “I have come to the conclusion, after my long years of experience both as an adviser to some of the largest corporations in the world on managing financial risk and as adviser to individuals and endowments, that there’s an all-too-human need for us to believe that there’s somebody out there who can protect us from bad things.” I think he’s on to something. Unfortunately, market predictions just create — rather than offer protection from — bad things.
3. Warren Buffett doesn’t try to time the market
You won’t see Berkshire Hathaway buying and selling its stocks or businesses too often. Once a company joins the Berkshire family, it’ll likely be in there for quite a while — decades probably. Here’s what Buffett said about it:
“Our stay-put behavior reflects our view that the stock market serves as a relocation center at which money is moved from the active to the patient.”
My very first post on Get Rich Slowly was about attending the 2009 Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting. It happened in May, just two months after the stock market hit bottom after dropping more than 50 percent. It was a dang scary time.
During that annual meeting — and at just about every annual meeting over the past several years — the topic of Buffett’s and Munger’s successors came up. After all, Buffett is 82 and Munger is 89. They didn’t name names, but they have some people in mind. However, it won’t be someone who tries to move in and out of the stock market. Here’s what they said:
Munger: I don’t think we’d want an investment manager who would want to go to cash based on macro factors. We think it’s impossible.
Buffett: In fact, we’d leave out someone who thought he could do that.
The important three questions
The main argument that Larry makes in his latest books is this: If you agree that Buffett is one of the greatest investors of all time, then take his advice. And the next time you’re inclined to act according to some expert’s forecast market forecast, Larry has three questions you should ask yourself:
Is Warren Buffett acting on this expert’s opinion?
If he isn’t, should I be doing so?
What do I know about the value of this forecast that Buffett and the market in general doesn’t?
As Larry told me, “If someone has already told you that they think Buffett’s the greatest investor, it’s hard for them to say that they should do the opposite of what he’s advising them.”
If you never watch PBS’ “Frontline,” you’re missing out on some of the best journalism on TV. I don’t agree with every viewpoint they advocate, but each episode is thought-provoking and well done.
Recently, “Frontline” focused on “The Retirement Gamble,” as they titled the piece. It can be summed up by this quote by Zvi Bodie, a professor of management at Boston University: “401(k) plans really place the burden on the individual participant to have an adequate retirement. And the vast majority of ordinary people don’t know how to do that.”
It’s true. As if you don’t have enough going on in your life, you have to become a part-time financial planner and investment manager. You need to figure out how much to save, how to invest your savings, and how to withdraw it in a way that makes it last forever or until you die, whichever comes first.
Of course, you can always get help from the financial-services industry — in particular, the mutual fund providers, since those are the type of investments in most workers’ retirement plans. However, many of these folks are padding their own retirement accounts at the expense of yours. Here’s how economist Teresa Ghilarducci explained it to “Frontline”: “The 401(k) is one of the only products that Americans buy that they don’t know the price of it. It’s also one of the products that Americans buy that they don’t even know its quality. It’s one of the products that Americans buy that they don’t know its danger. And it’s because the industry — the mutual fund industry — has been able to protect themselves against regulation that would expose the danger and price of their products.”
I’ll add another shortfall of the 401(k) industrial complex: You don’t have a choice. The 401(k) is chosen by your employer, who might be keeping costs low by passing the costs along to you. I’m on the 401(k) committee at The Motley Fool, and I can tell you that it does indeed cost an employer money and time to provide a retirement plan; it’s not as easy as opening an IRA with a discount broker. The plan has to meet all kinds of government-mandated tests to make sure that the plan doesn’t disproportionately benefit higher-income employers and owners. So companies that offer a retirement plan deserve some level of gratitude, especially if they match employee contributions. But that doesn’t mean these companies spend the time and money necessary to make it the best plan possible.
Then there are the funds themselves. The “Frontline” episode included an interview with one of my heroes, Vanguard founder John Bogle. His best quote: “Do you really want to invest in a system where you put up 100 percent of the capital … you take 100 percent of the risk, and you get 30 percent of the return?”
Where did the other 70 percent of return go? To the fund companies, due to high fees and low performance — in Bogle’s words, “The magic of compound returns is overwhelmed by the tyranny of compounding costs. It’s a mathematical fact. There’s no getting around it.”
My picking of bones
While I generally agree with “Frontline’s” call to arms regarding the malfeasance of the mutual fund industry, there are a couple of counter-points I would have liked to see them address. First off, the episode recommends index funds over actively managed funds, featuring more footage of John Bogle, one of the main figures in the birth of index funds. However, it would be interesting to ask him why Vanguard itself has had actively managed funds for decades. Perhaps even the most famous advocate for index investing sees some value in paying a fund manager to pick the investments. And, to Vanguard’s credit, the expenses on their actively managed funds are very low. I know because I own a few of them, including a few of their index funds.
The “Frontline” episode also had its nostalgia for the good, old days of defined-benefit pensions, when an employer would reward an employee after decades of service with a monthly check in retirement for life. Like many shows that bemoan the state of retirement in America, they clearly argue that those are better than 401(k)s. However, the truth is that these pensions have their own issues. First off, even at their peak, most Americans didn’t have a pension. At least with a 401(k), workers can save for retirement in a tax-advantaged account, something they didn’t have before these accounts became prevalent in the ’80s. Also, a traditional pension mainly benefited employees who worked for the same company for decades. If you left within, say, five years (as was the case when I was a teacher), you got nothing. The money in a 401(k), however, can be taken with you.
Plus, many pensions don’t have enough money to pay future benefits and are assuming (nay, praying) that unrealistically high investment returns will bail them out. Private pensions are backstopped by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, but that “safety net” itself is underfunded by more than $20 billion. Government pensions are backed by taxes, and they’re going to hit hard as more and more Boomers retire. So defined-benefit pensions are not the panacea as they’re often portrayed, often using film footage from the ’50s (as “Frontline” did).
Finally, the episode featured interviews with everyday Americans who have little in the way of retirement savings, portraying them as victims of the mutual fund companies. In many ways, they most definitely were. Yet, as these people sit in their kitchens and living rooms, explaining their predicaments to the camera, I can’t help but notice that they have nice furniture, large-screen TVs and cable. I admit that this is a bit callous of me, but I do have a little less sympathy for people with little in savings but plenty of luxuries. (Yes, cable TV is a luxury.)
Carpe 401(k)-em
The good news for you is that you’re taking control; you’re reading this blog and probably other sources of financial education. Hopefully you’re learning how to save for, and spend in, retirement, and how to evaluate mutual funds along the way. Planning your retirement is up to you; no one is doing it for you. Financial advisers have their place, as long as they’re fee-only and fiduciaries (i.e., legally obligated to put your interests first — a standard that doesn’t apply to the large majority of financial advisers). But however you manage your finances, ensure that it’s doing more for your retirement than someone else’s.
Imagine that you’re a farmer. You live in a rural county where everybody raises sheep.
The county’s farmers, on the whole, prosper. Their flocks tend to grow by 10 percent every year. Some years are better than others. In the best years, the sheep population in the county grows by 40 percent. Little lambs are everywhere! But in the worst years — years filled with frost, famine, and disease — the sheep population can collapse to half of what it was before.
Further imagine that the county becomes home to vicious predators. Wolves, perhaps. The wolves descend from the mountains and begin to eat the sheep. Some farmers protect themselves from loss, but others don’t know how — and some don’t even realize their flocks are being attacked.
The farmers who take precautions aren’t able to prevent all losses, but they come close. On farms with vigilant shepherds, only 0.10 percent of sheep are lost to wolves every year. For every thousand sheep, the wolves pick off one animal.
The farmers who don’t take precautions, on the other hand, suffer terrible losses. During the initial onslaught they lose 5 percent of their sheep. (Plus, every time they add more sheep to their herds, the wolves manage to grab another 5 percent.) To make matters worse, the wolves steadily steal 2 percent of the beasts every year. For every thousand sheep, this group of farmers loses 50 in the initial attack, and 20 more each year thereafter.
Think of it: After the first year, the smart farmers will have lost just one of every thousand sheep. The other shepherds will have lost 70 sheep.
If the county’s flocks each grew at the long-term 10 percent average during that first year, the vigilant folks would now have 1,099 sheep for every thousand they started with. The unwary farmers would have 1,024 sheep.
Now imagine that in the second year, the same pattern continues. All flocks grow at the long-term average of 10 percent, and the wolves snatch 2 percent of the animals from those farmers who aren’t paying attention. At the end of the second year, the wolf-free flocks would have grown to 1,208 sheep for every thousand that were present at the start. The flocks where the wolves run wild would have just 1,104 sheep.
Both populations of farmers enjoy the same growth rate among their flocks. The difference is that one group loses fewer sheep to the wolves.
And at the end of 10 years following this pattern? The wolf-less flocks would have grown from 1,000 to 2,566 sheep. Those under attack would still have increased, but at a much slower rate. They’d have 2,013 sheep.
Things are even worse when you look at the farmers who add more animals to their farms every year. Remember that I said the wolves slaughter 5 percent of the sheep added to the unlucky flocks? Well, assume that wealthy farmers from both populations are able to buy 100 new sheep every year — but that the wolves snatch five of these from the one group.
At the end of a decade, these wealthy farmers will have contributed a total of 2,000 sheep to their flocks for each 1,000 sheep they started with. With average long-term growth, these flocks will have grown to 4,154 animals for the lucky shepherds and 3,374 sheep for those ravaged by wolves.
Which population of farmers would you prefer to join?
I won’t belabor this analogy any longer. I think most of you get my point.
Stock-market investors are like these sheep farmers. Collectively, they enjoy investment returns of roughly 10 percent per year. Individually, however, things are different. Most investors suffer severe losses from the wolves of Wall Street. Wolves, by the way, who don sheep’s clothing to convince investors to trust them. (These investors also have a tendency to make things worse by selling their flocks when sheep prices fall and expanding them when prices rise.)
If you want to be a successful farmer, you have to understand how farming works, and how to protect yourself from the wolves. Fortunately, it’s not as tough as it seems.
The financial industry wants you to believe that investing is difficult. If you buy into their message, if you accept the premise that you need help to invest wisely, they can charge you big bucks to handle your money.
The truth is somewhat different. Investing is simple. In fact, it can be one of the easiest things you do while managing your finances. How simple? Let’s boil it down to just a few sentences.
Here’s how to invest wisely:
Set aside as much as you can in investment accounts. Prefer tax-advantaged accounts (like a 401(k) or Roth IRA) before taxable accounts.
Invest all of your money in a low-cost stock index fund, such as Vanguard’s VTSMX or Fidelity’s FSTMX.
If the stock market makes you nervous, allocate some portion of your money to a bond fund. Or invest instead in a low-cost combo fund like Vanguard’s VGSTX or Fidelity’s FFNOX.
Continue investing as much money as possible. Never touch it.(Nothing makes a bigger difference to the size of your flock investments than how much you contribute.)
Ignore the news and ignore your fund.
That’s it. Seriously. That’s all you have to do to earn returns better than 90 percent of other investors.
There are scores of books and published research papers that support this strategy. It’s also the strategy that Warren Buffett (and other top pros) recommend for 99 percent of investors. If you’d like, you can spend days or weeks or months reading about why this works. Or you can trust these folks and do it.
Longer ago, my own flock of sheep was crippled by predators and my own bad behavior. After many mistakes, I got smart. I moved to greener pastures far from danger. Now I can ignore my sheep and go about my daily life, comfortable that the animals will continue reproducing at the long-term average without any intervention on my part. And with no danger of being consumed by wolves.