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A spousal IRA gives a non-working spouse a way to build wealth for retirement, even if they don’t have earned income of their own.
Spousal IRAs can be traditional or Roth accounts. What distinguishes a spousal IRA is simply that it’s opened by an income-earning spouse in the name of a non-working or lower-earning spouse.
If you’re married and thinking about your financial plan as a couple, it’s helpful to understand spousal IRA rules and how you can use these accounts to fund your goals.
A spousal IRA is an IRA that’s funded by one spouse on behalf of another. This is a notable exception to the rule that IRAs must be funded with earned income. In this case, the working spouse can make contributions to an IRA for the non-working spouse, even if that person doesn’t have earned income.
The couple must be married, filing jointly, in order for the working spouse to be able to fund a spousal IRA.
For example, say that you’re the primary breadwinner for your family, and perhaps your spouse is a stay-at-home parent or the primary caregiver for their aging parents, and doesn’t have earned income. As long as you have taxable compensation for the year, you could open a spousal IRA and make contributions to it on your spouse’s behalf.
Saving in a spousal IRA doesn’t affect your ability to save in an IRA of your own. You can fund an IRA for yourself and an IRA for your spouse, as long as the total contributions for that year don’t exceed IRA contribution limits (more on that below), or your total earnings for the year.
Recommended: Understanding Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): A Beginner’s Guide
Spousal IRAs work much the same as investing in other IRAs, in that they make it possible to save for retirement in a tax-advantaged way. The rules for each type of IRA, traditional and Roth, also apply to spousal IRAs.
What’s different about a spousal IRA is who makes the contributions. If you were to open an IRA for yourself, you’d fund it from your taxable income. When you open an IRA for your spouse, contributions come from you, not them.
It’s also important to note that these are not joint retirement accounts. Your spouse owns the money in their IRA, even if you made contributions to it on their behalf.
Only offers made via ACH are eligible for the match. ACATs, wires, and rollovers are not included.
The IRS sets the rules for IRAs, which also govern spousal IRAs. These rules determine who can contribute to a spousal IRA, how much you can contribute, how long you have to make those contributions, and when you can make withdrawals.
Married couples who file a joint tax return are eligible to open a spousal IRA for the non-working spouse. As long as one spouse has taxable compensation and, in the case of a Roth IRA, they meet income restrictions, they can open an IRA on behalf of the other spouse.
Taxable compensation includes money earned from working, such as wages, salaries, tips, or bonuses. Generally, any amount included in your income is taxable and must be reported on your tax return unless it’s excluded by law.
That said, a traditional IRA does not have income requirements; a Roth IRA does.
One of the most common IRA questions is how much you can contribute each year. Spousal IRAs have the same contribution limits as ordinary traditional or Roth IRAs. These limits include annual contribution limits, income caps for Roth IRAs, and catch-up contributions for savers 50 or older.
For tax-year 2024, you can contribute up to $7,000 to a traditional or Roth IRA; if you’re 50 or older you can add another $1,000 (the catch-up contribution) for a total maximum of $8,000.
Remember, you can fund a spousal contribution as well as your own IRA up to the limit each year, assuming you’re eligible. That means for the 2024 tax year, a 35-year-old couple could save up to $14,000 in an individual and a spousal IRA.
A 50-year-old couple can take advantage of the catch-up provision and save up to $16,000.
There are a couple of rules regarding contribution limits; these apply to ordinary IRAs and spousal IRAs alike.
• First, the total contributions you can make to an individual IRA and/or spousal IRA cannot exceed the total taxable compensation you report on your joint tax return for the year.
• If neither spouse is covered by a workplace retirement account, contributions to a traditional spousal IRA would be deductible. If one spouse is covered by a workplace retirement account, please go to IRS.gov for details on how to calculate the amount of your contribution that would be deductible, if any.
There is an additional restriction when it comes to Roth IRAs. Whether you can make the full contribution to a spousal Roth IRA depends on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI).
• Married couples filing jointly can contribute the maximum amount to a spousal Roth IRA for tax year 2024 if their MAGI is less than $230,000.
• They can contribute a partial amount if their income is between $230,000 and $240,000.
• If a couple’s income is $240,000 or higher, they are not eligible to contribute to a Roth or spousal Roth IRA.
The annual deadline for making an IRA contribution for yourself or a spouse is the same as the federal tax filing deadline. For example, the federal tax deadline for the 2024 tax year is April 15, 2025. You’d have until then to open and fund a spousal IRA for the 2024 tax year.
Filing a tax extension does not allow you to extend the time frame for making IRA contributions.
Spousal IRAs follow the same withdrawal rules as other IRAs. How withdrawals are taxed depends on the type of IRA and when withdrawals are made.
Here are a few key spousal IRA withdrawal rules to know:
• Qualified withdrawals from a traditional spousal IRA are subject to ordinary income tax.
• Early withdrawals made before age 59 ½ may be subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty, unless an exception applies (see IRS rules).
• Spouses who have a traditional IRA must begin taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) at age 72, or 73 if they turned 72 after Dec. 31, 2022. Roth IRAs are not subject to RMDs, unless it’s an inherited Roth IRA.
• Roth IRA distributions are tax-free after age 59 ½, as long as the account has been open for five years, and original Roth contributions (i.e., your principal) can always be withdrawn tax free.
• A tax penalty may apply to the earnings portion of Roth IRA withdrawals from accounts that are less than five years old.
Whether it makes more sense to open a traditional or Roth IRA for a spouse can depend on where you are taxwise now, and where you expect to be in retirement.
Deducting contributions may help reduce your taxable income, which is a good reason to consider a traditional IRA. On the other hand, you might prefer a Roth IRA if you anticipate being in a higher tax bracket when you retire, as tax-free withdrawals would be desirable in that instance.
Recommended: Inherited IRA Distribution Rules Explained
Spousal IRAs can help married couples to get ahead with saving for retirement and planning long-term goals, but there are limitations to keep in mind.
• Non-working spouses can save for retirement even if they don’t have income.
• Because they’re filing jointly, couples would mutually benefit from the associated tax breaks of traditional or Roth spousal IRAs.
• Spousal IRAs can add to your total retirement savings if you’re also saving in a 401(k) or similar plan at work.
• The non-working spouse can decide when to withdraw money from their IRA, since they’re the account owner.
• Couples must file a joint return to contribute to a spousal IRA, which could be a drawback if you typically file separately.
• Deductions to a spousal IRA may be limited, depending on your income and whether you’re covered by a retirement plan at work.
• Income restrictions can limit your ability to contribute to a spousal Roth IRA.
• Should you decide to divorce, that may raise questions about who should get to keep spousal IRA assets (although the spousal IRA itself is owned by the non-working spouse).
Because you can open a spousal IRA that’s either a traditional or a Roth style IRA, it helps to see the terms of each. Remember, spouses have some flexibility when it comes to IRAs, because the working spouse can have their own IRA and also open a spousal IRA for their non-working spouse. To recap:
• Each spouse can open a traditional IRA
• If eligible, each spouse can open a Roth IRA
• One spouse can open a Roth IRA while the other opens a traditional IRA.
Bear in mind that the terms detailed below apply to each spouse’s IRA.
| Spousal IRA | Traditional IRA | Roth IRA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who Can Contribute |
Spouses may contribute to a traditional or Roth spousal IRA, if eligible. Roth spousal IRA eligibility is determined by filing status and income (see column at right). |
Anyone with taxable compensation. | Eligibility to contribute determined by tax status and income. Married couples filing jointly must earn less than $240,000 to contribute to a Roth. |
| 2024 Annual Contribution Limits | $7,000; $8,000 for those 50 and up (note that each spouse can have an IRA and contribute up to the annual limit) | $7,000; $8,000 for those 50 and up | $7,000; $8,000 for those 50 and up. |
| Tax-Deductible Contributions | Yes, for traditional spousal IRAs* | Yes* | No |
| Withdrawals | Withdrawal rules for both types of spousal IRAs are the same as for ordinary IRAs (see columns at right). |
Qualified distributions are taxed as ordinary income. Taxes and a penalty apply to withdrawals made before age 59 ½ , unless an exception applies, per IRS.gov. |
Original contributions can be withdrawn tax free at any time (but not earnings). Distributions of earnings are tax free at 59 ½ as long as the account has been open for 5 years. |
| Required Minimum Distributions | Yes, for traditional spousal IRAs. RMDs begin at age 72** | Yes, RMDs begin at age 72** | RMD rules don’t apply to Roth IRAs. |
* Deduction may be limited, depending on your income and whether you or your spouse are covered by a workplace retirement plan.
** You must take withdrawals from a traditional IRA once you reach 72 (or 73, if you turn 72 in 2023 or later).
Dive deeper: Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA: Which IRA is the right choice for you?
Opening a spousal IRA is similar to opening any other type of IRA. Here’s what the process involves:
• Find a brokerage. You’ll first need to find a brokerage that offers IRAs; most will offer spousal IRAs. When comparing brokerages, pay attention to the investment options offered and the fees you’ll pay.
• Open the account. To open a spousal IRA, you’ll need to set it up in the non-working spouse’s name. Some of the information you’ll need to provide includes the non-working spouse’s name, date of birth, and Social Security number. Be sure to check eligibility rules.
• Fund the IRA. If you normally max out your IRA early in the year, you could do the same with a spousal IRA. Or you might prefer to space out contributions with monthly, automated deposits. Be sure to contribute within eligible limits.
• Choose your investments. Once the spousal IRA is open, you’ll need to decide how to invest the money you’re contributing. You may do this with your spouse or allow them complete freedom to decide how they wish to invest.
As long as you file a joint tax return, you can open a spousal IRA and fund it. It doesn’t necessarily matter whether the money comes from your bank account, your spouse’s, or a joint account you share. If you’re setting up a spousal IRA, you can continue contributing to your own account and to your workplace retirement plan if you have one.
Spousal IRAs can make it easier for couples to map out their financial futures even if one spouse doesn’t work. The sooner you get started with retirement saving, the more time your money has to grow through compounding returns.
Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.
Spousal IRA rules allow a spouse with taxable compensation to make contributions to an IRA on behalf of a non-working spouse. The non-working spouse owns the spousal IRA and can decide how and when to withdraw the money. Spousal IRA withdrawals are subject to the same withdrawal rules as traditional or Roth IRAs, depending on which type of account has been established.
A spousal IRA could be a good idea for married couples who want to ensure that they’re investing as much money as possible for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. In theory, a working spouse can fund their own IRA as well as a spousal IRA, and contribute up to the maximum amount for each.
Yes, that’s the idea behind the spousal IRA option. When a wife or husband doesn’t have taxable income, the other spouse can make contributions to a spousal traditional IRA or Roth IRA for them. The contributing spouse must have taxable compensation, and the amount they contribute each year can’t exceed their annual income amount or IRA contribution limits.
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In addition to spoiling them with toys and ice cream, many grandparents also want to help secure a solid financial future for their grandkids. That can mean setting up a custodial account, considering tax-advantaged savings options, and exploring other ways to start building a child’s wealth.
Below, you’ll learn about the different ways to save money for your grandkids, plus the pros and cons of each.
Sure, your grandkids might prefer a new video game or Lego set, but you’ll do them a favor, today and tomorrow, by opening a savings account for them. Here are a couple of good reasons to open a savings account for your grandchildren.
Money management skills are crucial, but personal finance education can be virtually nonexistent during school. It’s not typical for schools to teach kids how to balance a checkbook, how to invest in stocks, how to save for a down payment on a house, and how to file taxes.
Thus, it’s up to parents — and grandparents — to equip the next generation with financial literacy. Opening an account for your grandchildren can help teach them concepts such as interest, budgeting, and investing.
While teaching children how to manage money can give them a head start on the path to financial wellness, so too can providing them with a nest egg that can grow over time through various savings and investing accounts. Consider these options:
• When you open a savings account for grandchildren early on, they could wind up having a sizable chunk of cash in young adulthood to put toward their first car or even a house down payment.
• A 529 college savings plan could help them avoid taking on too much debt from student loans.
• Retirement accounts, such as a Roth IRA, can help them achieve their retirement goals, even if those are more than half a century away. Remember, the earlier someone starts investing, the more they stand to earn in the long run.
Grandparents have many options when it comes to opening an account for their grandchildren, including:
Many banks and credit unions offer savings accounts designed for kids. Do a quick search for “best savings accounts for grandchildren” or you could start by seeing if your own bank offers such an account.
Having money in savings at an early age will let your grandkids benefit from compounding interest, especially if you find a high-yield savings account for kids.
You can also consider opening a certificate of deposit (CD) or purchasing savings bonds for your grandchildren. CDs are savings accounts that typically provide a higher interest rate than a standard savings account in exchange for keeping your money in the account for a fixed period of time. Savings bonds, issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury, are a very low risk, longer-term investment that provides interest in return for lending the government money.
With both of these options, the money is less liquid, but if the CD or bond matures when your grandchild is older, they stand to have a reliable source of funds they can use in future years.
Beyond savings accounts for grandchildren, you can consider helping your grandkids actually start investing with a custodial account, through the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA) or the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA). Once your grandchild is between 18 and 25 (the exact age varies by state), they’ll take control of the account.
These accounts are taxable (meaning you will owe taxes on interest earned) and have no contribution limits. They’re an easy way to purchase stocks, mutual funds, and other securities for your grandchild — and you can even transfer your own securities into the custodial account.
The cost of college tuition continues to skyrocket, meaning it’s never too early to start saving. There are several benefits of a 529 college savings plan: While the contributions to this qualified tuition plan aren’t tax-deductible, your grandchild’s distributions from the account tax-free at the federal level, as long as the money is used for qualifying expenses.
A 529 college savings may have “college” in the name, but your grandchild can also use it for other higher education programs, such as a trade or vocational school. You can also roll over 529 funds into a Roth IRA if your grandkids don’t use all (or any) of the funds.
Contributions to a grandchild’s 529 account are not deductible on your federal income tax return. However, close to 30 states offer either a deduction or credit for this kind of contribution.
Another consideration: There’s an annual limit to how much you can give as a gift without triggering taxes. For 2024, for instance, the figure is $18,000 per giftee. If you were to put more than that into a 529 for a grandchild, you would have to pay a gift tax bill.
Similar to custodial investment accounts, you can open custodial retirement accounts for your grandchildren, including a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA. While your grandkid won’t benefit from this account for decades, starting them early on the path to retirement savings means they could have considerably more money to work with when they reach retirement age.
However, it’s important to note that opening an IRA requires the child to have earned income in a given year. For teens, this can make sense. For a newborn, it is unlikely to be a viable option.
When making contributions to an IRA for a grandchild, note that the amount you deposit is subject to a gift tax exclusion before it becomes taxable. For 2024, this allows up to $18,000 per giftee. Funds given beyond that amount might mean you, the donor, are liable for taxes, though other factors will need to be considered to determine any tax burden.
Not sure how to choose the right savings account for your grandchildren? Here are some things to consider:
If you’re opening a savings account, compare interest rates — you want an account with a high yield so that the money compounds more quickly over time. For example, currently the average interest rate for standard savings accounts is 0.45%, while the figure for high-yield savings accounts (often from online-only banks) can be several times that number.
For custodial accounts, you’ll want options with low or no fees. It can be wise to shop around and see what options you have from different banks and brokerage firms.
Recommended: How Old Do You Have to Be to Open a Bank Account?
Certain accounts allow your grandchildren to access funds sooner, while others (like IRAs) have strict rules about when they can withdraw funds and what the funds can be used for (as is the case with 529 plans). Think about the specific timeline and use case you envision for your grandchildren. Sometimes, opening more than one type of account makes sense, depending on how many goals you want to enable for your children’s kids.
Some accounts have tax-deductible contributions; others have tax-free withdrawals. For example, withdrawals from a 529 account are not usually taxable, provided they are used for qualified educational expenses. With a Roth IRA, withdrawals made after your child is older than 59 ½ (as hard as that may be to imagine) are not taxable. With a traditional IRA, taxes are paid when the money is withdrawn, usually in retirement, and are taxable.
Speaking with a financial advisor can help you understand the tax implications of each type of account you’re considering to better understand what you might pay — and what your grandchild might pay.
Ready to open a savings account for your grandchildren? Here’s how it works:
Follow the bank’s or investment firm’s guidelines for opening the account. You will likely need some specific information from the grandchild’s parents to open the account. You’ll also need to deposit money into the account to start the nest egg. Custodial accounts may even let you transfer your own assets into the account.
If you’d like, you may be able to set up recurring transfers into the account. Perhaps you want a recurring transfer every holiday season or on your grandchild’s birthday. Work with the financial institution to set up these contributions — and perhaps find out how other loved ones might be able to contribute as well.
After opening an account, it’s important to monitor it and see how the funds grow over time. Just as importantly, once your grandchild is a little older, it’s a good idea to sit down and review the account with them:
• If it’s a savings account, walk them through how compound interest works.
• If it’s a 529 plan, talk to them about college costs and how student loans work.
• If it’s a custodial account, talk to them about the basics of investing and the importance of saving for retirement.
It’s never too early to start thinking about your grandchild’s future. Savings accounts, 529 plans, and custodial accounts offer several ways for you to give them money that will help them with college, general expenses, and even retirement.
While saving for grandkids is important, it’s also crucial that you take care of your own finances.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
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There are no contribution limits for UGMA/UTMA custodial accounts, but you can only contribute up to a certain amount to avoid gift-tax implications (this changes each year). Contribution limits apply for custodial IRAs just as they would for regular IRAs.
Yes, grandparents can open a 529 plan for grandchildren. If the grandchild’s parents have already set up a 529 plan, grandparents can also contribute to that plan directly. This will simplify account management and withdrawals for the recipient of the funds.
If a grandchild doesn’t need funds from a 529 plan for college, they can still use them for trade or vocational schools or roll them into an IRA. Grandparents can also reassign the 529 plan to another grandchild.
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You don’t have to pay capital gains tax on investment profits while they are held in a traditional or a Roth IRA account. In most cases, the question of taxes comes into play when you withdraw money from a traditional or Roth IRA.
Each type of IRA is subject to a different set of tax rules, and it’s essential to know how these accounts work, as the tax implications are significant now as well as in the future.
An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) is a tax-advantaged account typically used for retirement savings. There are two main types of IRAs — traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs — and the tax advantages of each are quite distinct.
Generally speaking, all IRAs are subject to contribution limits and withdrawal rules, but Roth IRAs have strict income caps as well as other restrictions.
For tax year 2024, the annual contribution limits for both Roth and traditional IRAs is $7,000, and $8,000 for those 50 or older.
It’s important to know that you can only contribute earned income to an IRA; earned income refers to taxable income like wages, tips, commissions. If you earn less than the contribution limit, you can only deposit up to the amount of money you made that year.
One exception is in the case of a spousal IRA, where the working spouse can contribute to an IRA on behalf of a spouse who doesn’t have earned income. Like ordinary IRAs, spousal IRAs can be traditional or Roth in style.
All IRAs are tax advantaged in some way. When you invest in a traditional IRA, you may be able to take a tax deduction for the amount you contribute in the tax year that you make the contribution.
The contributions you make may be fully or partially tax-deductible, depending on whether you or your spouse are covered by a workplace retirement plan. If you’re not sure, you may want to check IRS.gov for details.
The money inside the account grows tax-deferred, meaning any capital appreciation of those funds is not subject to investment taxes, i.e. capital gains tax, while held in the account over time. But starting at age 59 ½ , qualified withdrawals are taxed at regular income tax rates.
If you think about it, this makes sense because you make contributions to a traditional IRA on a pre-tax basis. When you take withdrawals, you then owe income tax on the contributions and any earnings.
With some exceptions, early withdrawals from a traditional IRA prior to age 59 ½ are subject to income tax and a 10% penalty.
Recommended: IRA Tax Deduction Rules
Roth IRAs follow a different set of rules. You contribute to a Roth IRA with after-tax money. That means you won’t get a tax deduction for contributions you make in the year that you contribute.
Your contributions grow inside your Roth IRA tax-free, along with any earnings. When you reach retirement age and start to make withdrawals, you won’t owe income tax on money you withdraw because you already paid tax on the principal (i.e. your original contribution amounts) — and the earnings are not taxed on qualified withdrawals.
Only offers made via ACH are eligible for the match. ACATs, wires, and rollovers are not included.
Capital gains refer to investment profits. In a taxable investment account you would owe capital gains tax on the profits you made from selling investments: e.g., stocks, bonds, real estate, and so on.
You don’t owe capital gains tax just for owning these assets — it only applies if you profit from selling them. Depending on how long you held an investment before you sold it, you would owe short- or long-term capital gains.
Retirement accounts, however, are subject to their own set of tax rules, and traditional and Roth IRAs each handle capital gains taxes differently.
Traditional IRA plans, as noted above, are tax-deferred, which essentially means that investment profits are not subject to capital gains tax while they remain in the account. Given this, the sale of individual investments like stocks inside an IRA is not considered a taxable event.
However, with tax-deferred accounts like traditional IRAs, you do have to pay ordinary income tax on withdrawals (meaning, you’re taxed at your marginal income rate).
So when you take withdrawals from a traditional IRA, you will owe income tax on the amount you withdraw, including any investment gains (i.e., earnings) in the account.
The same principle applies to Roth IRAs, even though these are after-tax accounts: You don’t have to pay taxes on investment income or any assets that you buy or sell inside your Roth IRA.
Because you contribute to a Roth IRA with after-tax money, your money grows tax-free inside your IRA. Also, the earnings in the account grow tax-free over time and those gains are not taxed within the account.
In addition, qualified withdrawals of contributions and earnings from a Roth IRA are tax free. But remember: early or non-qualified withdrawal of earnings from a Roth IRA would be subject to taxes and a penalty (with some exceptions; for details see IRS.gov).
Because you contribute to a Roth IRA with after-tax money, you can always withdraw your contributions (meaning your principal) without paying any tax or penalties.
If you wait to withdraw money from your Roth IRA until you reach age 59 ½, you can also withdraw your earnings without tax or penalties — as long as you’ve had the account for at least five years.
If you withdraw Roth IRA earnings before age 59 ½ or before you’ve held the account for five years, you may be charged a 10% early withdrawal penalty, though there are IRA withdrawal rules that may help you avoid the penalty in certain situations.
An IRA and a 401(k) work in a similar way when it comes to capital gains tax. Just as there are traditional and Roth IRAs, there are also traditional and “designated” Roth 401(k) plans, and they work similarly to their corresponding IRA equivalents.
So, generally speaking, you do not owe any capital gains tax on the sale of any investments held inside either type of 401(k) account.
Most people are familiar with the basic tax advantages of using an IRA to save for retirement. Traditional IRAs are tax-deferred accounts and may provide a tax deduction in the years you make contributions. Roth IRAs are after-tax accounts that can provide tax-free income in retirement.
But the fact that you don’t have to pay capital gains tax is also worth noting. With both a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA, buying and selling stocks or other investments is not considered a taxable event. That means that you will not owe capital gains tax when you sell investments inside your IRA.
Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.
No, buying and selling stocks or other investments inside a Roth IRA is not considered a taxable event. This means that you will not owe capital gains tax for buying or selling investments inside your Roth IRA. And because contributions to Roth IRAs are made with after-tax money, you also won’t owe income tax on qualified withdrawals.
Selling stocks inside a Roth IRA is not considered a taxable event. So whether you regularly buy and sell stocks inside your Roth IRA, or just have unrealized gains and losses, you won’t need to worry about capital gains tax.
Buying and selling stocks inside an IRA is not considered a taxable event. So you won’t owe capital gains tax on stock you sell, but you also won’t be able to offset gains with a loss you capture from a stock sale inside your IRA.
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Student loans are often the go-to choice for families who need help paying for a child’s college education. But as you put together your financing plan, you may find there are other options worth considering — including using a home equity line of credit, or HELOC, to cover some college costs.
Both types of borrowing have advantages and disadvantages that may influence your decision to use one or both to pay for school. Read on for a look at student loans vs. HELOCs, and how each can be used to help with your family’s educational and financial goals.
A home equity line of credit, or HELOC, is a revolving line of credit provided by a private lender and secured with the equity you have in your home.
HELOCs are sometimes confused with home equity loans, but they are not the same thing. Because a HELOC is a line of credit, you pay interest only on the amount of money you’ve actually borrowed. Payments can vary from month to month, and as you replenish the account by making payments, you can borrow from it again. With a lump-sum home equity loan, a borrower receives all the money upfront and pays interest on the entire loan amount from day one.
A HELOC can be used to pay for just about anything — including tuition, books and supplies, housing, transportation, and other college expenses. But because the line of credit is secured with your home, if you fall behind on your payments, you could risk foreclosure. And should you decide to sell your home, you may be required to repay what you currently owe.
Recommended: Different Types of Home Equity Loans
Student loans allow students and, in some cases, their parents, to borrow money to pay for a college education. Here’s how the two main types of student loans work:
There are a few different types of federal student loans, and each has its own rules when it comes to how much you can borrow and how the money is repaid. But generally, they offer lower interest rates than many other types of loans and include more protections for borrowers, including temporary relief programs in case of financial hardship, and even the potential for loan forgiveness.
To apply for federal student aid, you must submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form. If you qualify for assistance and accept what’s offered, the school will apply your federal loan funds to your outstanding account charges (tuition, fees, etc.). Whatever is left after that will then be turned over to you to use for other educational costs.
Private student loans are issued by nongovernment lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and other financial service companies. Because they aren’t backed by the federal government, these loans do not offer the same repayment options or safety-net protections as federal loans. So, if your family (student and/or parents) qualifies for federal student loans, you’ll probably want to tap those first. However, if you’ve exhausted your federal financial aid and require additional funds, you may find you can get the help you need by borrowing through a private lender.
While you may decide to use federal or private student loans, a HELOC, or all three types of financing to help pay for a college education, it’s important to be aware of some key differences in how they work.
• Federal student loans are usually the way to go for borrowers who are looking for the lowest interest rates available. These loans come with a fixed interest rate that is set by the government, so once you sign on the dotted line, you can expect to pay the same rate for the life of the loan. But different types of federal student loans have different interest rates, and the way interest starts accruing on these loans also varies. If you have a subsidized loan, for example, you won’t accrue any interest while you’re in school, for six months after you leave school, or during any deferment. The U.S. Department of Education pays the interest during these periods. The interest on an unsubsidized loan starts accruing immediately, however, and it is the borrower’s responsibility.
• Private student loans are generally available with a choice of a fixed or variable interest rate, but these rates, which are set by the individual lenders, can vary quite a bit — so it can be a good idea to shop for the most competitive offer based on your creditworthiness and other qualifications.
• HELOCs have a variable interest rate, which means the rate can fluctuate over time. This could be good or bad, depending on which way interest rates are going. If rates drop, the borrower could benefit; but if they rise, it may make it harder to keep up with the payments. Still, because a HELOC is secured with your home, the interest rate may be lower than with other types of unsecured borrowing, such as personal loan or credit card. And because it’s a line of credit and not a lump-sum loan, you’ll only be charged interest on the amount you’ve actually borrowed.
Recommended: Student Loan Interest Rates Guide
• Federal student loan borrowers are often surprised to learn they’ll be expected to pay an origination fee on each loan they receive. Origination fees are currently 1.057% for federal subsidized and unsubsidized loans for undergraduate and graduate students, and 4.228% for federal PLUS loans for parents and graduate students. The lender who is servicing the loan also may charge a fee if a payment is more than 30 days late.
• Private student loan fees also can vary based on the lender you choose. Some may charge an origination fee or fees for late payments, while others, including SoFi, have zero fees on student loans.
• HELOC fees can vary depending on the lender, but they often include an application/origination fee, notary fee, title search, appraisal fee, credit report fee, document prep fee, and recording fee. There also may be an annual maintenance fee, and charges for early termination or account inactivity.
• Federal student loans offer the most repayment options for borrowers, including a fixed payment plan that ensures loans are paid off within 10 years and income-driven plans that base your monthly payment on your earnings and your family size. Some borrowers also may be able to have a portion of their loans forgiven. And those who have multiple federal student loans may choose to consolidate them into a single Direct Consolidation Loan. Another plus: Student and parent borrowers may be eligible for a deferment period if they become unemployed, experience an economic hardship, or serve in the military.
• Private student loans have different repayment terms depending on the lender, and can often be repaid over a period of 10 to 15 years or longer, usually starting six months after graduation. There is no loan forgiveness with a private student loan, but some lenders, including SoFi, may offer borrowers a student loan deferment period that’s similar to what some federal loans offer. However, you can expect your loan to continue accruing interest during this time.
• HELOC borrowers usually are required to make at least a minimum monthly payment during their account’s “draw” period. When the draw period ends — typically after 10 years — access to the line of credit ends and the lender sets up a repayment schedule based on the balance owed.
• Federal student loan borrowers who are undergraduates don’t have to worry about passing a credit check as part of their application process — and they don’t need a cosigner to get a loan. Though parents and graduate students do have to pass a credit check to get a federal loan, there’s no required minimum credit score.
• Private student loan lenders may have different credit requirements, but all borrowers (including undergraduates) should expect to go through a credit check. Lenders generally will be looking for a solid credit history, a good-to-excellent credit score, and other factors that show the borrower — alone or with the help of an eligible student loan cosigner — has the ability to repay the loan.
• HELOC credit requirements can vary, but typically lenders require that you have at least 15% to 20% equity in your home, a healthy debt-to-income ratio that shows you can afford to take on the added debt load, and a credit score that indicates you can reliably repay the money you owe.
• Federal student loan interest payments can qualify for a tax deduction of up to $2,500, as long as you used the loan to pay eligible higher education expenses for yourself, your spouse, or a dependent. And you don’t have to itemize deductions on your return to get the tax break: The interest you pay is considered an income adjustment, so there’s no separate form to fill out.
• Private student loan interest payments qualify for the same tax deduction as federal student loans, with the same requirements.
• HELOC borrowers can only claim their interest payments as a deduction if they used the borrowed funds to “buy, build, or substantially improve your home.” Interest paid on money used for college doesn’t qualify for a tax break.
• Federal student loans have different borrowing limits based on the loan type and your student status (undergraduate or graduate) or if you’re a parent.
• Private student loan limits can vary by lender; there is no set borrowing limit as with most federal loans. However, the maximum amount you can borrow may be based on your school’s estimated cost of attendance minus any other forms of financial aid you receive, your creditworthiness, and other factors.
• HELOC lenders typically will allow you to tap into your home equity for 85% or more of your home’s current appraised value minus the amount you currently owe, So, for example, if your home is valued at $350,000 and you owe $250,000, you might qualify for a HELOC that’s $47,500 ($350,000 x 85% = $297,500 – $250,000 = $47,500).
Although a HELOC can be used to pay for college — especially if you find you need more money than you can get in student loans — there are other options that could help your family manage education costs.
A wide range of scholarships and grants are available to students who are willing to take the time to do some research and apply. And this type of financial aid, which can come from private organizations, colleges, and other sources, doesn’t have to be repaid.
A work-study program or part-time job can also help pay some college costs. A student can check with the financial aid office at his or her school to learn more about participating in federal or state work-study programs. And local businesses like coffee shops, restaurants, retail stores, and markets often hire college workers to help out at night and on the weekends.
If your student is still a few years away from attending college, you may want to look into a state-sponsored 529 college savings plan, also known as a qualified tuition program. These tax-advantaged plans offer parents and others an opportunity to save ahead for a family member’s college expenses.
Using a HELOC vs. student loans to pay for college has advantages and disadvantages. Because you only have to pay interest on the amount you actually borrow, a HELOC can be an affordable alternative, or addition, to lump-sum student loans. And since your home is used as collateral with a HELOC, the interest rate may be lower than with some other borrowing options. Of course, this also means you could lose your home if you can’t make your HELOC payments.
You may want to exhaust any federal financial aid for which your family is eligible — and check out potential private student loan offers — before turning to a HELOC for help. Federal student loans offer borrower protections you can’t expect with a HELOC, and you won’t be putting your home at risk.
If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.
Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.
Yes, if the federal financial aid for which you are eligible doesn’t cover all your college costs, you may choose to combine a HELOC with both federal and private student loans. You may want to compare all your options before moving forward, however, and it may be helpful to make a plan for how you expect to use and repay the money you borrow.
Yes, a HELOC comes with a variable interest rate, which means the interest rate you pay could fluctuate based on movements in the underlying benchmark interest rate or index.
Federal student loans have fixed interest rates, so you’ll pay the same rate for the life of the loan. Private student loans may be offered with a choice of a fixed or variable interest rate.
If you can qualify for a lower interest rate, you might consider using a HELOC to pay off your student loans. But it’s important to keep in mind the upfront and ongoing costs that come with a HELOC — and you’ll lose the tax deduction you receive for the interest paid on your student loans. You’ll also lose the protections that student loans offer borrowers, and you could put your home at risk if it turns out you can’t make your HELOC payments.
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Inside: The answer is so obvious! Stop the assumptions with the 3 percent or 4 percent rule of retirement. Learn how much money to save for retirement today.
We all know that saving money for retirement is something we should do.
Maybe you are contributing the minimum to your 401K through work to get the match. Possibly saving money in a Roth IRA.
But, are you truly saving enough for retirement?
More than likely not.
Don’t feel like you are alone. According to a new study, only half of households actually have money saved in retirement accounts. The good news for those who have saved is the dollar amount saved for retirement has been increasing in the past 10 years.
Here is the real reason you don’t save for retirement… you have absolutely no clue how much money you need to be saved to retire.
You have tried to use all of the online retirement calculators from all of the big companies. Your results are millions of dollars different. You have no clue where to start, or what to believe.
And then you just get unmotivated because you’re like there’s absolutely no way I can make that dollar amount work.
Personally, I completely get it this is a conversation. My husband and I have had it for years.
It is all a complete unknown, it is a best-guess scenario.
There is absolutely no way for you to truly understand how much you need because there are so many things that go into it, including inflation, your savings rate, your withdrawal rate, and your anticipated expenses. So there’s a lot of variables and that’s when the variables get too confusing you don’t know which way to start.
The financial advisors believe they are the know-all-be-all with their calculations while charging you an asset management fee that is putting a drag on your overall portfolio.
And then October 27, 2020, Bill Bengen announced that instead of using the 4% rule is outdated, and now you can use a 5% rule. (Bill Bengan is a financial advisor who made the 4% rule of thumb famous 25 years ago.) So, this latest information just throws a curveball into everything that has previously been used for the past 25 years, and now you’re left wondering…
Well, I have no idea what is the proper amount I need to save for retirement.
Do you know what the amount that you need to save for retirement is?
So, let’s dig in for a little bit and we’re gonna talk about the three different percentages that are talked about the most. It’s the 3% rule, the 4% rule, and the 5% rule is one better than another. We’ll debate that and shortly.
But first of all, you have to realize that not everything works the way you want, so let’s show some examples before we dig into the specifics of the different rules.
Basically, the whole concept is if you save $1 million and you start withdrawing either 3%, 4%, or 5%. That withdrawal amount is the amount of income that you would live on each and every year, while the rest of your portfolio is continuing to grow and increase in value.
The ultimate, perfect-scenario goal is that you would withdraw as much as you possibly could without depleting the portfolio.
Here are the assumptions:
The amount you would need to save based on each of the withdrawal rates:
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In our example, we used simple calculations that don’t account for age, taxes, or inflation and the amount you need to save for retirement is $666,667 different.
The numbers are too much for the average person to understand and have faith in.
This is why the confusion on how much to save for retirement and what model and which retirement calculator is the best.
Shortly, we are going to give you the simple answer of how much to save for retirement. But, first, a little background on the various percent rules for retirement.
The 3% rule has gotten very popular with the FIRE movement.
The FIRE movement is Financial Independence Retire Early.
Because most of these people aren’t looking at retiring in the normal typical retirement age of 60s, they’re looking to retire in their 30s or 40s. They feel like they need to be super conservative because they are trying to estimate how much they need each month to live off their money for possibly the next 50 years.
That’s a lot of variables that you have to take into account.
The good news is you can always learn and figure out ways to make money in retirement so it’s not a complete waste, you can always go back to work because you are younger, and have youth on your side. So, is 3% a safe withdrawal rate?
The golden advice is you want to plan for the worst but hope for the best. The goal is that 3% would cover all of your necessities and basic expenses.
Is the 4 percent rule viable?
The 4 percent rule of retirement was made famous by Bill Bengen 25 years ago (and just recently he said that number is outdated.)
The assumptions were if you withdraw 4% of your investment account every year, you will still have enough to live on throughout retirement.
This was based on what has happened in the markets, accounted for inflation, and the age you want to retire. He conducted many possible case scenarios and concluded that by only withdrawing 4 percent will make sure your money lasts. That is why it has been what is called a golden rule for retirement.
How long will my money last using the 4% rule? If you do all the calculations, it should last for at least 30 years. Obviously, you are looking at many variables of the stock market doing well and your living expenses staying low. Once again, the other big factor is what inflation will do in the future.
So, is the 4% rule that much better?
And then, October 2020 rolls in. The breaking news is that Bill Bengen announced the 4 percent rule for retirement is too conservative and now you can actually use 5%.
So, that leaves the average person going… Okay. My head is spinning. I’m not sure how much I need to save for retirement. What is a good number?
Can I safely withdraw 5% of my investment accounts and still have enough money? That means I need less money to retire.
This is where people quit investing and saving for retirement becomes too hard.
Real truth from real people
There are too many variables, there are too many unknowns, and they don’t understand how it all works.
That is the real reason people don’t save for retirement.
I get it. I’m there with you. I feel it. I hear it from readers. But, we are going to break down some of the key items so that way you know how much you need for retirement.
And just remember, even if you messed up your numbers, the market went down, or you want to spend more in retirement than you are, then you could always go back to work. Even better, learn how to make money online for beginners, pick up a side hustle, make a little bit of extra money, and actually do something that you truly enjoy doing.
Learn how much money should I have saved by 30.
The simple answer… aim for $1,000,000 in investment accounts.
You may be able to aim lower depending on some variables which we cover shortly.
Investment accounts can include any of the following:
You want accounts with liquidity. Things that can be bought and sold for cash. Those are the assets we are counting on how much to retire with.
Don’t use equity in your house because you need a place to live. If you want to use equity, that is fine, but your calculations just become slightly more difficult. We want simplicity.
Right now, your money goal is to reach $1,000,000 in investment accounts. Specifically in liquid net worth.
(Of course, this number may be lower if you live in a low cost of living area, plan to move with overall lower costs or another country, or have good options with lower health care costs. There have been plenty of people who retired with less and love life.)
Based on these variables, you may just need $500,000 to retire. Or somewhere in that range.
We shared what a realistic retirement savings amount of $1 million dollars is. Is your first reaction – yikes, there is absolutely no way I can reach that amount.
However, you can!
Just break it down into smaller chunks.
For instance, make your next goal to save $100,000. You do that 10 times and you hit that realistic retirement savings amount.
If that seems like a stretch, then break it down even further. To stay motivated you can strive to save $50K or even $20K.
Break it into bite-sized manageable pieces to help you save for retirement and stay on track.
Learn what happens if you don’t save for retirement.
This is the basics to start saving for retirement.
You already know much should you really save for retirement. Now, you just to need to do it.
Here is the safest way to save for retirement. First, open up one or all of these accounts (pending where you are on your money journey). Then, look at investing in S&P 500 Index funds. The most highly recommended index fund for beginners is VTSAX.
This is the simplest way to start saving.
Make sure you are contributing at least the minimum to your employer’s 401K.
Every year you can contribute up to a maximum amount. In 2023, an employee can contribute $22,500 to their 401k (the employer is eligible to contribute as well for a combined amount not to exceed $66,000 or 100% of your compensation, whichever is less). For the latest contribution limits, check out the IRS site.
Each year, increase your percentage by 1%. A simple way to reach maxing out your 401K.
Pro Tip: Check if your employer offers a ROTH IRA option. These are becoming more and more popular with companies. A Roth 401K will let your money grow tax-free because you pay taxes when you contribute money. If they don’t offer one, pester the human resources department.
The next best option is the ROTH IRA. You want to contribute to a Roth IRA because you pay taxes upfront rather than at withdrawal like a traditional IRA.
Since ROTH IRAs have tax advantages, there are also contribution limits set by the IRS. The contribution amounts have remained the same for a couple of years now. The annual contribution limit is $6,000 per year, or $7,000 if you’re age 50 or older.
The downside to Roth IRAs… the amount you can contribute may be limited based on your income and filing status. However, for the average American, you should be able to max out the amount you can save each year.
Learn if can you have multiple Roth IRAs as it may be a smart financial move.
Pro Tip: Even if one spouse is a stay-at-home parent, you can still contribute to a Roth IRA for the non-working spouse.
Say what? Yes, a health savings account is on the list as a way to save for retirement. It is a great way to grow your money tax-free going in and on withdrawals.
You must have a High Deductible Health Insurance Plan to open a health savings account.
This is something you want to do and contribute the maximum amount each year. For 2023, you can contribute $3,850 for individuals and $7,750 for family coverage. Typically, the limits go up $50 each year, which helps you save more every year.
Pro Tip: This account will stay with you even when you leave your current employer and insurance. Plus you can use the HSA funds forever – even to pay Medicaid premiums. (Hopefully, nothing changes on these tax-advantaged accounts).
The last avenue has no tax benefits, but you are still saving money to be used later. That is what really matters.
Since there are no tax advantages to these basic brokerage amounts, there also are no limits on how much you can contribute.
This is where you would save the remaining money after you exhausted all the other methods listed above.
Side Note…
Yes, there are other ways to save for retirement. For this post and the average investor, the above-mentioned accounts are a great place to start. Once you become savvier and want to invest more money, then you can look at back door IRAs, 529s, or whole life insurance.
Once you reach that 1 million dollars retirement mark, congratulations!!
That is a huge milestone that many people never reach. So, what is the next step?
Now, that you are closer to finally being able to live off your investments, you must start to look at the retirement calculators more seriously and factor in all of those variables (age, taxes, and inflation). It is much easier to predict the future once you have built a solid nest age and are closer to living off your investments.
Everyone started the financial independence journey at a different age and will reach their million-dollar mark at different times.
For the average person, you know learned how to save for retirement. You know what you need to do and where to start.
In this post, we took out all of the confusion on how much to save for retirement. Don’t worry about is the 4 percent rule is viable – or if it should be the 3 percent rule or the new 5% rule. The assumptions and variables will hold you back from starting. You know the dollar amount to start with, move on with that.
This simple advice for hitting your first milestone is the motivation to keep you going. Along the way, you will become savvier with finances and investing.
When it is time to move to the question of “can I retire” at such and such age, you have already taken out many of the variables, and the decision becomes more and more clear.
Take steps to reach that $1000000 mark today.
Get ahead now…
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
Source: moneybliss.org
The amount of money a couple needs for retirement can depend on several factors, including age, health, life expectancy, location, and desired lifestyle. There’s no exact number that represents what is a good monthly retirement income for a couple, as every couple’s financial needs are different.
Creating a retirement budget and considering what might affect your cost of living can help you narrow down how much monthly income you’ll need. You can use that as a guide to decide how much you’ll need to save and invest for retirement.
Being the main breadwinner in a couple usually increases the amount of income you’ll need for retirement, since you’re saving for two people instead of one. The money you save has to be enough to last for your lifetime and your spouse or partner’s, so that neither of you is left without income if you outlive the other.
Aside from differences in life expectancy, there are other factors that affect a couple’ income needs, including:
• Lifestyle preferences
• Estimated Social Security benefits
• Target retirement dates for each partner
• Part-time work status of each partner in retirement
• Expected long-term care needs
• Location
All of those things must be considered when pinpointing what is a good monthly retirement income for a couple. The sooner you start thinking about your needs ahead of retirement, the easier it is to prepare financially.
It’s also important to keep in mind that numbers to be used for the sake of comparison can vary widely. Consider this:
• According to the Pension Rights Center, the median income for fully retired people aged 65 and older in 2023 was $24,190.
• The average income after taxes for older households in 2022 was $63,187 per year for those aged 65–74 and $47,928 per year for those aged 75 and older, according to U.S. News Money.
💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.
One couple’s budget for retirement may be very different from another’s. A budget is simply a plan for spending the money that you have coming in.
If you’re wondering how much to save each month, it’s helpful to start with the basics:
• What do you expect your retirement expenses to be each month?
• How much income will you have for retirement?
• Where will this income come from?
It’s also important to consider how your retirement income needs may change over time and what circumstances might impact your financial plan.
Figuring out your monthly expenses is central to determining what is a good monthly retirement income. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the typical household age 65 and older has annual expenditures of $72,967. That breaks down to monthly spending of about $6,080 per month. The largest monthly expense is typically housing, followed by transportation and food. If you’re planning to live frugally in retirement, spending, say, under $50,000 a year may sound achievable, but it’s not a realistic target for every couple.
For one thing, it’s all too easy to underestimate what you’ll spend in retirement if you’re not making a detailed budget. For another, inflation during retirement can cause your costs to rise even if your spending habits don’t change. That fact needs to be recognized and budgeted for.
It’s a common retirement mistake to assume spending will be fixed. In fact, the budget you start out with in retirement may not be sustainable years from now. As you get older and your needs or lifestyle change, your spending habits will follow suit. And spending tends not to be static from month to month even without events to throw things off.
You may need less monthly income over time as your costs decrease. Spending among older Americans has been found to be highest between ages 55 and 64 and then dip, according to Social Security reports.
It’s very possible, however, that your monthly income needs may increase instead. That could happen if one of you develops a serious illness or requires long-term care. According to Genworth Financial’s 2023 Cost of Care survey, the monthly median cost of long-term care in a nursing facility ranged from $8,669 for a semi-private room to $9,733 for a private room.
The loss of a partner can affect your spending and how much income you’ll need each month. If you decide to downsize your home or move in with one of your adult children, for example, that could reduce the percentage of your budget that goes to housing. Or if your joint retirement goals included seeing the world, you may decide to spend more money on travel to fulfill that dream.
Creating a contingency retirement budget for each of you, along with your joint retirement budget, is an opportunity to anticipate how your spending needs might change.
Taxes can take a bite out of your retirement income. Planning for taxes during your working years by saving in tax-advantaged accounts, such as a 401(k) or IRA, can help. But there’s no way to predict exactly what changes might take place in the tax code or how that might affect your income needs.
Changes to Medicare could also change what you’ll need for monthly income. Medicare is government-funded health insurance for seniors age 65 and older. This coverage is not free, however, as there are premiums and deductibles associated with different types of Medicare plans. These premiums and deductibles are adjusted each year, meaning your out-of-pocket costs could also increase.
Having more income streams in retirement means you and your spouse or partner are less reliant on any single one to pay the bills and cover your expenses. When projecting your retirement income pie-chart, it helps to know which income sources you’re able to include.
Social Security benefits may be a central part of your income plans. According to the Social Security Administration (SSA), a retired worker received $1,845 in benefits and the average spouse of a retired worker netted $886 during the most recent year reviewed.
You can expect Social Security to cover some, but not all, of your retirement expenses. It’s also wise to consider the timing for taking Social Security benefits. Taking benefits before your full retirement age, 65 or 67 for most people, can reduce the amount you’re able to collect.
Retirement savings refers to money saved in tax-advantaged accounts, such as a 401(k), 403(b), 457 plan, or Thrift Savings Plan (TSP). Whether you and your partner have access to these plans can depend on where you’re employed. You can also save for retirement using an Individual Retirement Account (IRA).
Tax-advantaged accounts can work in your favor for retirement planning, since they yield tax breaks. In the case of a 401(k) plan, you can also benefit from employer matching contributions that can help you grow your savings faster.
An annuity is a contract in which you agree to pay money to an annuity company in exchange for payments at a later date. An immediate annuity typically pays out money within a year of the contract’s purchase while deferred annuities may not begin making payments for several years.
Either way, an annuity can create guaranteed income for retirement. And you can set up an annuity to continue making payments to your spouse for the duration of their lifetime after you pass away.
The other savings category includes money you save in high-yield savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificate of deposit accounts (CDs). You could also include money held in a taxable brokerage account in this category. All of these accounts can help to supplement your retirement income, though they don’t offer the same tax advantages as a 401(k) or an IRA.
A pension is an employer-based plan that pays out money to you based on your earnings and years of service. Employers can set up pension plans for employees and make contributions on their behalf. Once you retire, you can take money from your pension, typically either as a lump sum or a series of installment payments. Compared to 401(k) plans, pensions are less commonly offered, though you or your partner may have access to one, depending on where you’re employed.
A reverse mortgage can allow eligible homeowners to tap their home equity. A Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) is a special type of reverse mortgage that’s backed by the federal government.
If you qualify for a HECM, you can turn your equity into an income stream. No payment is due against the balance as long as you live in your home. If your spouse is listed as a co-borrower or an eligible non-borrower, they’d be able to stay in the home without having to pay the reverse mortgage balance after you die or permanently move to nursing care.
Reverse mortgages can be used to supplement retirement income, but it’s important to understand the downsides as well. Chief among those are:
• Interest will accrue: As interest is applied to the loan balance, it can decrease the amount of equity in the home.
• Upfront expenses: Funds obtained from the loan may be reduced by upfront costs, such as origination, closing, and servicing fees, as well as mortgage insurance premiums.
• Impact on inheritance: An HECM can cause the borrower’s estate to lose value. That in turn can impact on the inheritance that heirs get.
Planning for retirement as a couple is an ongoing process that ideally begins decades before you’ll actually retire. Some of the most important steps in the planning process are:
• Figuring out your target retirement savings number
• Investing in tax-advantaged retirement accounts
• Paying down debt (a debt payoff planner can help you track your progress)
• Developing an estate plan
• Deciding when you’ll retire
• Planning for long-term care
You’ll also have to decide when to take Social Security benefits. Working with a financial advisor can help you to create a plan that’s tailored to your needs and goals.
Technically, you’re eligible to begin taking Social Security benefits at age 62. But doing so reduces the benefits you’ll receive. Meanwhile, delaying benefits past normal retirement age could increase your benefit amount.
For couples, it’s important to consider timing in order to maximize benefits. The Social Security Administration changed rules regarding spousal benefits in 2015. You can no longer file for spousal benefits and delay your own benefits, so it’s important to consider how that might affect your decision of when to take Social Security.
To get the highest benefit possible, you and your spouse would want to delay benefits until age 70. At this point, you’d be eligible to receive an amount that’s equal to 132% of your regular benefit. Whether this is feasible or not can depend on how much retirement income you’re able to draw from other sources.
Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?
To enjoy a secure retirement as a couple, you’ll need to create a detailed financial plan with room for various contingencies. First, determine your retirement expenses by projecting costs for housing, transportation, food, health care, and nonessentials like travel. Then consider all sources of retirement income, such as Social Security, retirement accounts, and pensions, and budget well.
If you want a simple way to track your progress, SoFi can help.
Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.
See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.
Figures vary. According to the Pension Rights Center, the median income for fully retired people aged 65 and older in 2023 was $24,190. The average income after taxes for older households in 2022 was $63,187 per year for those aged 65–74 and $47,928 per year for those aged 75 and older, according to US News Money.
A good retirement income for a married couple is an amount that allows you to live the lifestyle you desire. Your retirement income should also be enough to last for your lifetime and your spouse’s.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the typical household age 65 and older has annual expenditures of $72,967. That breaks down to monthly spending of about $6,080 per month. Many factors, however, can impact a particular household’s spending and the amount of money they need to feel secure.
Photo credit: iStock/yongyuan
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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SORL-Q224-1921278-V1
Source: sofi.com
A term deposit, also known as a certificate of deposit (CD) or time deposit, is a low-risk, interest-bearing savings account. In most cases, term deposit holders place their funds into an account with a bank or financial institution and agree not to withdraw the funds until the maturity date (the end of the term). The funds can earn interest calculated based on the amount deposited and the term.
This guide explains what a term deposit is in more detail, including the pros and cons of term accounts.
Time deposit, term deposit, or certificate of deposit (CD) are all words that refer to a particular kind of deposit account. It’s an amount of money paid into a savings account with a bank or other financial institution. The principal can earn interest over a period that can vary from a month to years. There is usually a minimum amount for the deposit, and the earned interest and principal are paid when the term ends.
One factor to consider is that the account holder usually agrees not to withdraw the funds before the term is over. However, if they do, the bank will likely charge a penalty. Yes, that’s a downside, but consider the overall picture: Term deposits typically offer higher interest rates than other savings accounts where the account holder can withdraw money at any time without penalties.
Compared to stocks and other alternative investments, term deposits are considered low-risk (they’re typically insured by the FDIC or NCUA) for up to $250,000 per account holder, per account ownership category (say, single, joint, or trust), per insured institution. For these reasons, the returns tend to be conservative vs. higher risk ways to grow your funds.
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Banks and financial institutions can make money through financing. For example, they likely earn a profit by issuing home, car, and personal loans and charging interest on those financial products. Thus, banks are often in need of capital to fund the loans. Term deposits can provide locked-in capital for lending institutions.
Here’s how many bank accounts work:
• When a customer places funds in a term deposit, it’s similar to a loan to the bank. The bank will hold the funds for a set time and can use them to invest elsewhere to make a return.
• Say the bank gives the initial depositor a return of 2.00% for the use of funds in a term deposit. The bank can then use the money on deposit for a loan to a customer, charging a 6.00% interest rate for a net margin of 4.00%. Term deposits can help keep their financial operation running.
Banks want to maximize their net interest margin (net return) by offering lower interest for term deposits and charging high interest rates for loans. However, borrowers may choose a lender with the lowest interest rate, while CD account holders probably seek the highest rate of return. This dynamic keeps banks competitive.
Recommended: Understanding the Different Types of Bank Accounts
Term deposits and saving accounts in general tend to be popular when interest rates are high. That’s because account holders can earn a high return just by stashing their money with a financial institution. When market interest rates are low, though, people are more inclined to borrow money and spend on items like homes and cars. They may know they’ll pay less interest on loans, keeping their monthly costs in check. This can stimulate the economy.
When interest rates are low (as checking account interest rates typically are), the demand for term deposits usually decreases because there are alternative investments that pay a higher return. For example, stocks, real estate, or precious metals might seem more appealing, although these are also higher risk.
The interest rate paid on a term deposit usually depends on the amount deposited and the time until maturity. A larger deposit may earn higher interest, and a deposit for a longer period of time (says, a few years vs. a few months) may also reap higher rewards.
There are two main types of term deposits: fixed deposits and recurring deposits. Here’s a closer look.
Fixed deposits are a one-time deposit into a savings account. The funds cannot be accessed until the maturity date, and interest is paid only on maturity.
With a recurring deposit, the account holder deposits a set amount in regular intervals until the maturity date. For example, the account holder might deposit $100 monthly for five months. Each deposit will earn less interest than the previous installment because the bank holds it for a shorter period.
In addition to these two types, you may see banks promoting different kinds of CDs, whether they vary by term length or by features (such as a penalty-free CD, meaning you aren’t charged if you withdraw funds early).
To open a term deposit account, search online for the best interest rates, keeping in mind how much you want to deposit, how often, and for how long. Most banks will ask you to fill in an online application. Make sure you read and agree to the terms of the agreement. For example, check the penalties that apply if you decide to withdraw your funds early as well as the minimum amount required to earn a certain interest rate.
A term deposit may close for two reasons — either the account reaches maturity or the account holder decides to end the term early. Each bank or financial institution will have different policies regarding the penalties imposed for breaking a term deposit. Read the fine print or ask a bank representative for full details.
When time deposit accounts mature, some banks automatically renew them (you may hear this worded as “rolled over” into a new account) at the current interest rate. It would be your choice to let that move ahead or indicate to the bank that you prefer to withdraw your money.
If you want to close a term deposit before the maturity date, contact your bank, and find out what you need to do and the penalties. The penalty will depend on the amount saved, the interest rate, and the term. The fee may involve the loss of some or all of interest earned. In very rare cases, your CD could lose value in this way.
Term deposits may not keep up with inflation. That is, if you lock into an account and interest rates rise over time, your money won’t earn more. You will likely still earn the same amount promised when you funded the account. Also, once tax is deducted from the interest income, returns on a fixed deposit may fall below the rate of inflation. So, while term deposits are safe investments, the interest earned can wind up being negligible. You might investigate whether high-yield accounts or stocks, for instance, are a better option.
What are the advantages of a term deposit versus regular high-yield savings account and other investments? Here are some important benefits:
• Term deposit accounts are low-risk.
• CDs or time deposits usually pay a fixed rate of return higher than regular savings accounts.
• The funds in a CD or deposit account are typically FDIC-insured.
• Opening several accounts with different maturity dates can allow the account holder to withdraw funds at intervals over time, accessing money without paying any penalties. This system is called laddering.
• Minimum deposit amounts are often low.
There are a few important disadvantages of term deposit accounts to note, including:
• Term deposits can offer lower returns than other, riskier investments.
• Term deposits and CDs usually have fixed interest rates that do not keep up with inflation.
• Account holders likely do not have access to funds for the length of the term.
• Account holders will usually pay a penalty to access funds before the maturity date.
• A term deposit could be locked in at a low interest rate at a time when interest rates are rising.
Here’s an example of how time deposits can shape up. Currently, Bank of America offers a Featured CD account: A 13-month Featured CD with a deposit of more than $1,000 but less than $10,000 pays 4.75% APY.
At Chase, a 9-month CD with a deposit of more than $1,000 but less than $10,000 pays 4.25% APY. If you have $100,000 or more to deposit, the APY rises to 4.75%.
Recommended: How Do You Calculate Interest on a Savings Account?
Term deposits, time deposits, or CDs are conservative ways to save. Account holders place a minimum amount of money into a bank account for a set term at a fixed interest rate. The principal and interest earned can be withdrawn at maturity or rolled over into another account. If funds are withdrawn early, however, a penalty will likely be assessed.
While these accounts typically have a low interest rate, they may earn more than standard bank accounts. What’s more, their low-risk status can help some people reach their financial goals.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
Most term deposits or CDs are FDIC-insured, which means your money is safe should the bank fail. However, if you withdraw funds early, you may have to pay a penalty. In a worst-case scenario, this could mean that you receive less money than you originally invested.
There is usually no difference between a term deposit and a fixed deposit. They both describe low-risk, interest-bearing savings accounts with maturity dates.
With the exception of CDs put in an IRA, any earnings on term deposits or CDs are usually subject to federal and state income taxes. The percentage depends on your overall income and tax bracket. If penalties are paid due to early withdrawal of funds, these can probably be deducted from taxes if the CD or term deposit was purchased through a tax-advantaged individual retirement account (IRA) or 401(k).
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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
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Source: sofi.com
One of the best things you can do for your future self is to save for retirement. Unfortunately, recent research indicates that a significant portion of Americans are falling short in this area. According to a 2023 survey, about 22% of Americans have less than $5,000 in retirement savings.
This highlights the importance of early and consistent financial planning for your post-working years. It’s never too early to start thinking about your financial future, and actively contributing to your retirement savings is essential.
If you’re looking for a way to sock money away for retirement, your 403(b) plan could be just what you need. These retirement plans are offered by employers in the nonprofit sector and some other careers, like public education and healthcare. If your employer offers a 403(b) plan, here’s what to expect.
A 403(b) is sometimes called a Tax-Sheltered Annuity (TSA) plan. For practical purposes, it’s basically a 401(k) plan for people who work for qualifying tax-exempt organizations, certain hospital organizations, or employees of public schools. Government employees, church workers, and even librarians might also have access to a 403(b) plan.
See also: What’s the Difference Between a 401(k) and 403(b)?
Your employer chooses what type of plan they are willing to offer, so you can’t choose to participate in a 401(k) instead. Your 403(b) plan will come with different investment options, usually in the form of mutual funds that allow you to create a portfolio that matches your risk tolerance.
However, it’s important to understand that the annuity agreement involved makes for a couple of tricky situations that might not apply to other retirement plans:
Speaking with a professional to help you with these situations can help you understand some of the quirks involved.
Your employer will automatically deduct your contributions to the 403(b) from your paycheck in many cases. This deduction is usually expressed as a percentage. For example, if you make $2,500 each paycheck and want your employer to withhold 4% of your income, $100 will be diverted to your retirement account each payday.
If you choose a traditional 403(b) arrangement, your employer will deduct your contribution from your pay before taxes are figured. This reduces your tax bill today, but you’ll still have to pay income taxes when you withdraw money later. On the other hand, your employer might offer a Roth option, which doesn’t result in a tax benefit today. Instead, your money grows tax-free, and you won’t have to pay taxes when you withdraw.
Some employers also match your contributions. For example, they may match a certain percentage of your income or offer a dollar-for-dollar match up to a cap. Either way, an employer match on your plan is free money that you can put toward your retirement.
Thanks to compounding returns, the money grows over time, and you have a chance to build wealth, so you have financial resources when you quit working. It’s possible to adjust how much you save by letting your human resources representative know, or by managing your contributions through your employer’s online benefits portal.
The government wants to encourage retirement saving, so they offer tax advantages when you contribute to a 403(b) plan. However, you can’t just put everything into a tax-advantaged plan. Your 403(b) comes with limits.
For 2024, you can contribute up to 23,000 a year, which is a $500 increase over the 2023 limit. If you’re age 50 or over, you can make extra contributions totaling $7,500 a year in 2024. The combined employer and employee contributions can be a maximum of either $69,000 or 100% of your most recent yearly salary, whichever amount is lower.
The IRS also allows for additional catch-up contributions if you’ve given 15 years of service with an employer. Pay attention to the contribution limits and your employer’s plan so you can take advantage of what’s available to you.
Because your 403(b) is a retirement plan, you can’t just take money out when you want — at least not without paying a penalty. If you withdraw money before reaching age 59 ½, you’ll have to pay taxes, and the IRS will charge you an extra 10% penalty. The only exception is if you have a Roth account. At that point, as long as the account is at least five years old, you can withdraw your contributions without penalty.
Be aware, too, that when you reach age 70 ½, you’ll have to start taking Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) from your non-Roth 403(b). The government uses a formula to determine how much you should be taking each year in RMDs. You’ll have to pay taxes on the amount, as with any other tax-deferred retirement plan withdrawal.
As you approach retirement and begin figuring out how much money to withdraw and which accounts to start with, consult a retirement professional. A knowledgeable professional can help you manage your different accounts and figure out how withdrawals interact with Social Security benefits.
You might have a vesting requirement with your 403(b). Vesting requires you to be with an employer for a set amount of time before you get to keep all the money from the match. However, the money you contribute on your own is not subject to vesting.
In some cases, you might be able to keep your money in the 403(b) account, even after you leave. However, you can’t make new contributions. As a result, it might make sense to roll your money into an IRA. That will allow you to keep growing the account and control where the money is invested.
Putting money into an employer-sponsored retirement plan is one of the easiest ways to save. It comes out of your paycheck, so you don’t have to think about it. However, you might be concerned about how much you can afford to divert from other goals.
A good place to start is to maximize your employer match. If your employer will match your contributions up to 3% of your income, consider saving 3% of your income. That way, you at least get some additional free money going toward your financial future.
If your employer doesn’t offer matching contributions, your 403(b) is not required to meet the burdensome oversight rules of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). This means you could have lower administrative fees than you would with 401(k)s or other funds subject to greater oversight.
Next, you need to consider different factors related to your current situation. Some things to keep in mind as you determine how much to put into your 403(b) include:
Once your goals are met, return to the 403(b) and considerably boost your retirement savings. It’s a good idea to increase your retirement savings each time your finances improve, or you get a raise.
The investment options available in a 403(b) plan are generally more limited compared to other tax-advantaged retirement plans. These options typically include mutual funds and annuities.
Unlike 401(k) plans, it is not typically possible to invest in individual stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or real estate investment trusts (REITs) through a 403(b) plan. However, many 403(b) plans do offer low-cost bond and stock index funds, which are often recommended by financial experts for retirement investing.
To determine the right mix of stock and bond funds, you should consider your age, risk tolerance, and the amount of time you have before retirement. As you get closer to retirement, it may be appropriate to increase the proportion of bond funds in your portfolio.
Target-date funds, which are mutual funds that automatically adjust their holdings to suit your target retirement date, can be a good choice if they are offered by your 403(b) plan. Alternatively, you can consider investing in an annuity through your 403(b).
However, it is important to be aware that annuities can be complex financial instruments with high fees and potentially lower returns than other options. It is a good idea to speak with a financial advisor before deciding to invest in an annuity.
If your 403(b) plan does not offer the investment options you want, consider using an individual retirement account (IRA) to supplement your portfolio. If your employer offers a matching contribution to your 403(b) plan, ensure that you are contributing enough to take advantage of this benefit before investing in an IRA.
A 403(b) is not the only way to save for retirement. In fact, you should consider retirement planning holistically, working it into your other short-term and long-term money goals.
In addition to using a 403(b), you can also open an IRA to set aside money in an account that you have more control over. If you qualify, you might also be able to use a Health Savings Account to begin saving up for healthcare costs in retirement.
Please keep in mind that you might have other accounts from previous jobs. Rolling them all into one IRA can help you consolidate the money to more effectively plan for the future. Make sure you consider taxable investment accounts, savings accounts, pensions, and even Social Security benefits in your planning.
For the most part, though, the first step is getting in the habit of saving money. You might not feel like you have “enough” money to invest for retirement. This isn’t true. Even if you only set aside 1% of your income, it’s still better than nothing.
Here are some tips for managing your retirement portfolio:
The earlier you start saving for retirement, the less you have to contribute each month to meet your goals. However, it’s better to start late than never. Put as much as you can into your 403(b) from the get-go, taking special advantage of any employer match. As you develop the habit of setting goals and saving for them, you’ll position yourself for financial success.
Your future self will thank you.
Source: crediful.com
A self-directed IRA (SIDRA) allows you to save money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis while enjoying access to a broader range of investments. Opening a self-directed IRA for real estate investing is an opportunity to diversify your portfolio with an alternative asset class while potentially generating higher returns.
Using a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate offers the added benefit of either tax-deferred growth or tax-free withdrawals in retirement, depending on whether it’s a traditional or Roth IRA. Before making a move, however, it’s important to know how they work. The IRS imposes self-directed IRA real estate rules that investors must follow to reap tax benefits.
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) allow you to set aside money for retirement with built-in tax benefits. These retirement accounts come in two basic forms: traditional and Roth.
Traditional IRAs allow for tax-deductible contributions, while Roth IRAs let you make qualified distributions tax-free.
When you open a traditional or Roth IRA at a brokerage you might be able to invest in mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, or bonds. A self-directed IRA allows you to fund your retirement goals with alternative investments — including real estate.
You can do the same thing with a self-directed 401(k).
Self-directed IRAs have the same contribution limits as other IRAs. For 2024, you can contribute up to:
• $7,000 if you’re under 50 years of age
• $8,000 if you’re 50 or older
Contributions and withdrawals are subject to the same tax treatment as other traditional or Roth IRAs. The biggest difference between a self-directed IRA and other IRAs is that while a custodian holds your account, you manage your investments directly.
Only offers made via ACH are eligible for the match. ACATs, wires, and rollovers are not included.
💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with an IRA account. With a traditional IRA, the money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).
Using a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate allows investors to invest in various funds or securities that, themselves, invest in property or real estate. Those securities may be real estate investment trusts (REITs), mutual funds, or ETFs focused. Investors with self-directed IRAs can, then, direct retirement account funds toward those securities.
Other types of real estate investments can include single-family homes, multi-family homes, apartment buildings, or commercial properties — actual, physical property. For investors who do want to buy actual property using an IRA, the process generally involves buying the property with cash (which may require them to liquidate other investments first), and then taking ownership, which would all transact through the IRA itself. It’s not necessarily easy and can be complicated, but that’s the gist of it.
With that in mind, the types of investments you can make within an IRA will depend on your goals.
For instance, if you’re interested in generating cash flow you might choose to purchase one or more rental properties using a self-directed IRA for real estate. If earning interest or dividends is the goal, then you might lean toward mortgage notes and REIT investing instead.
The most important thing to know is that if you use a retirement account to invest in real estate, there are some specific rules you need to know. For instance, the IRS says that you cannot:
• Use your retirement account to purchase property you already own.
• Use your retirement account to purchase property owned by anyone who is your spouse, family member, beneficiary, or fiduciary.
• Purchase vacation homes or office space for yourself using retirement account funds.
• Do work, including repairs or improvements, on properties you buy with your retirement account yourself.
• Pay property expenses, such as maintenance or property management fees, from personal funds; you must use your self-directed IRA to do so.
• Pocket any rental income, dividends, or interest generated by your property investments; all income must go to the IRA.
Violating any of these rules could cause you to lose your tax-advantaged status. Talking to a financial advisor can help you make sense of the rules.
Using a self-directed IRA for real estate investing can be appealing if you’re ready to do more with your portfolio. Real estate offers diversification benefits as well as possible inflationary protection, as well as the potential for consistent passive income.
However, it’s important to weigh the potential downsides that go along with using a self-directed IRA to buy real estate.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
• Self-directed IRAs for real estate allow you to diversify outside the confines of traditional stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. • You can establish a self-directed IRA as a traditional or Roth account, depending on the type of tax benefits you prefer. • Real estate returns can surpass those of stocks or bonds and earnings can grow tax-deferred or be withdrawn tax-free in retirement, in some cases. • A self-directed IRA allows you to choose which investments to make, based on your risk tolerance, goals, and timeline. |
• The responsibility for due diligence falls on your shoulders, which could put you at risk of making an ill-informed investment. • Failing to observe self-directed IRA rules could cost you any tax benefits you would otherwise enjoy with an IRA. • The real estate market can be unpredictable and investment returns are not guaranteed — they’re higher-risk investments, typically. Early withdrawals may be subject to taxes and penalties, and there may be higher associated fees. • Self-directed IRAs used for real estate investing are often a target of fraudulent activity, which could cause you to lose money on investments. |
Using a self-directed IRA for real estate or any type of alternative investment may involve more risk because you’re in control of choosing and managing investments. For that reason, this type of account is better suited for experienced investors who are knowledgeable about investment properties, rather than beginners.
A real estate IRA is another way of referring to a self-directed IRA that’s used for real estate investment. The terms may be used interchangeably and they both serve the same purpose when describing what the IRA is used for.
Again, the main difference is how investments are selected and managed. When you open a traditional or Roth IRA at a brokerage, the custodian decides which range of investments to offer. With a self-directed IRA, you decide what to invest in, whether that means investing in real estate or a different type of alternative investment.
💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
Opening a self-directed IRA is an option for many people, and the sooner you start saving for retirement, the more time your money has to grow. And, as discussed, a self-directed IRA allows you to save money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis while enjoying access to a broader range of investments, including real estate.
Once again, using a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate offers the added benefit of tax-deferred growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement. There are pros and cons, and rules to abide by, but these types of accounts are another option for investors.
Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.
You can use a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate-related or -focused securities and other types of alternative investments. Before opening a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate, it’s important to shop around to find the right custodian. It’s also wise to familiarize yourself with the IRS self-directed IRA real estate rules.
The primary disadvantage of holding real estate in an IRA is that there are numerous rules you’ll need to be aware of to avoid losing your tax-advantaged status. Aside from that, real estate is less liquid than other assets which could make it difficult to exit an investment if you’d like to remove it from your IRA portfolio.
The IRS doesn’t allow you to hold collectibles in a self-directed IRA. Things you would not be able to hold in a self-directed IRA include fine art, antiques, certain precious metals, fine wines, or other types of alcohol, gems, and coins.
Photo credit: iStock/SrdjanPav
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