By now you’ve heard the news. President Biden dropped out of the 2024 presidential race and paved the way for current VP Kamala Harris to run in his place.
That was big news that shook up the election overnight, and now there is a renewed focus on Harris, including her financial disclosures.
The WSJ ran a story today about how she manages her money, pointing out her penchant for index funds and her ultra-low rate 2.625% mortgage.
I dug a little deeper to see what kind of mortgage she had, along with when and where she got it.
And it turns out it’s an adjustable-rate mortgage, which we all know aren’t for the faint of heart.
Kamala Seems to Really Love the 7-Year ARM
With regard to that 2.625% mortgage Kamala Harris holds, it turns out it’s a 7-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
This is a popular type of ARM these days because it provides 84 months of interest rate stability before the first adjustment.
In that respect, homeowners can take one out and not worry about their rate increasing for many years.
And in the meantime, either sell their property or refinance the mortgage if need be.
Harris obtained her latest mortgage in 2020 and was able to get a very low interest rate set at 2.625% until the year 2027.
It’s unclear what the exact loan amount is, but it was revealed to be somewhere between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000.
We also know that the lender in question is Wells Fargo, which has had its share of controversies over the past decade, including improper mortgage lock fees.
What’s even more interesting is this isn’t Harris’ first 7-year ARM. A prior financial disclosure revealed that she took out the same type of loan in 2016 as well.
It featured the same exact mortgage rate, 2.625%. And you guessed it, also came from San Francisco-based bank Wells Fargo.
But wait, there’s more! If we go back to 2012, she took out another 7/1 ARM set at an even lower 2.5%.
In total, that’s three 7-year ARMs in a row dating back about 12 years. Based on that timing, you’d expect a fourth around now, but mortgage rates are no longer cheap.
Unfortunately, a typical 7-year ARM might now go for closer to 5% or higher, making it a pretty terrible deal. So until rates improve, she’ll likely be holding onto the 2020 loan.
She’s Got Another Three Years to Figure Out Her Next Move
It’s not uncommon for homeowners to take out ARMs and refinance them over and over into new ARMs.
The logic is that an ARM is typically cheaper than a fixed-rate mortgage, and if you refinance it before it becomes adjustable, you get the upside (lower rate) without any of the downside (higher rate adjustment).
The one caveat is the closing costs each time you refinance, though a no cost refinance can work if rates remain cheap.
There’s also the time aspect, as it can take about a month to get a mortgage, and it can be a pain to go through the process.
But if you don’t mind all that, you can get a cheaper mortgage and allocate the savings elsewhere, such as an index fund.
You also get a smaller payment over time if you refinance into a new 30-year loan term since the loan amount will be smaller thanks to several years of paying it down.
Anyway, it seems Harris employed this strategy for the past decade while mortgage rates hit record lows and it worked out favorably.
However, it appears her next move won’t be as easy now that mortgage rates have more than doubled in the past few years.
Her Mortgage Rate Could Jump to 4.625% in 2027
Come 2027, her 7-year ARM will see its first adjustment, and that means it’ll likely rise from 2.625% to 4.625%.
There are typically caps in place that limit initial movement by 2%, and subsequent adjustments by 2%, with a lifetime cap that can’t be exceeded.
So beyond that first adjustment, it could go even higher than 4.625%, perhaps to 6.625% if the associated mortgage index is still inflated at that time.
Assuming that happens, she’d want out of the loan and into something cheaper.
But if mortgage rates are still high then, it might remain her best option, despite being more expensive than her original loan.
This is the big risk of taking out an ARM vs. a fixed-rate loan. With the latter, you never have to worry about a rate adjustment, though you do pay a premium for that assurance.
If all else fails, there’s always the option to sell the property, which solves the adjustable-rate problem.
And if she’s living in the White House, that might work out just fine.
Read on: Are adjustable-rate mortgages finally a good deal again?
(photo: Gage Skidmore)
Before creating this site, I worked as an account executive for a wholesale mortgage lender in Los Angeles. My hands-on experience in the early 2000s inspired me to begin writing about mortgages 18 years ago to help prospective (and existing) home buyers better navigate the home loan process.
Inside: The answer is so obvious! Stop the assumptions with the 3 percent or 4 percent rule of retirement. Learn how much money to save for retirement today.
We all know that saving money for retirement is something we should do.
Maybe you are contributing the minimum to your 401K through work to get the match. Possibly saving money in a Roth IRA.
But, are you truly saving enough for retirement?
More than likely not.
Don’t feel like you are alone. According to a new study, only half of households actually have money saved in retirement accounts. The good news for those who have saved is the dollar amount saved for retirement has been increasing in the past 10 years.
Here is the real reason you don’t save for retirement… you have absolutely no clue how much money you need to be saved to retire.
You have tried to use all of the online retirement calculators from all of the big companies. Your results are millions of dollars different. You have no clue where to start, or what to believe.
And then you just get unmotivated because you’re like there’s absolutely no way I can make that dollar amount work.
So, What is Our Retirement Number
Personally, I completely get it this is a conversation. My husband and I have had it for years.
What is our retirement number?
What amount do we need to retire with?
And honestly, even can I actually save that much before I am too old to work?
It is all a complete unknown, it is a best-guess scenario.
There is absolutely no way for you to truly understand how much you need because there are so many things that go into it, including inflation, your savings rate, your withdrawal rate, and your anticipated expenses. So there’s a lot of variables and that’s when the variables get too confusing you don’t know which way to start.
One Guaranteed Truth…
The financial advisors believe they are the know-all-be-all with their calculations while charging you an asset management fee that is putting a drag on your overall portfolio.
And then October 27, 2020, Bill Bengen announced that instead of using the 4% rule is outdated, and now you can use a 5% rule. (Bill Bengan is a financial advisor who made the 4% rule of thumb famous 25 years ago.) So, this latest information just throws a curveball into everything that has previously been used for the past 25 years, and now you’re left wondering…
Well, I have no idea what is the proper amount I need to save for retirement.
Do you know what the amount that you need to save for retirement is?
So, let’s dig in for a little bit and we’re gonna talk about the three different percentages that are talked about the most. It’s the 3% rule, the 4% rule, and the 5% rule is one better than another. We’ll debate that and shortly.
How does Withdrawal Rate work?
But first of all, you have to realize that not everything works the way you want, so let’s show some examples before we dig into the specifics of the different rules.
Basically, the whole concept is if you save $1 million and you start withdrawing either 3%, 4%, or 5%. That withdrawal amount is the amount of income that you would live on each and every year, while the rest of your portfolio is continuing to grow and increase in value.
The ultimate, perfect-scenario goal is that you would withdraw as much as you possibly could without depleting the portfolio.
Withdrawal Rate Example:
Here are the assumptions:
Plan to spend $50,000 a year
7% rate of return on your money
Age doesn’t matter and not accounting for taxes or inflation (we want to keep this simple)
The amount you would need to save based on each of the withdrawal rates:
3 percent rule, you would need: $1,666,667
4 percent rule, you would need: $1,250,000
5 percent rule, you would need: $1,000,000
This post may contain affiliate links, which helps us to continue providing relevant content and we receive a small commission at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read the full disclosure here.
The Withdrawal Rate Confusion
In our example, we used simple calculations that don’t account for age, taxes, or inflation and the amount you need to save for retirement is $666,667 different.
The numbers are too much for the average person to understand and have faith in.
This is why the confusion on how much to save for retirement and what model and which retirement calculator is the best.
Shortly, we are going to give you the simple answer of how much to save for retirement. But, first, a little background on the various percent rules for retirement.
3 Percent Rule
The 3% rule has gotten very popular with the FIRE movement.
The FIRE movement is Financial Independence Retire Early.
Because most of these people aren’t looking at retiring in the normal typical retirement age of 60s, they’re looking to retire in their 30s or 40s. They feel like they need to be super conservative because they are trying to estimate how much they need each month to live off their money for possibly the next 50 years.
That’s a lot of variables that you have to take into account.
The good news is you can always learn and figure out ways to make money in retirement so it’s not a complete waste, you can always go back to work because you are younger, and have youth on your side. So, is 3% a safe withdrawal rate?
The golden advice is you want to plan for the worst but hope for the best. The goal is that 3% would cover all of your necessities and basic expenses.
4 Percent Rule
Is the 4 percent rule viable?
The 4 percent rule of retirement was made famous by Bill Bengen 25 years ago (and just recently he said that number is outdated.)
The assumptions were if you withdraw 4% of your investment account every year, you will still have enough to live on throughout retirement.
This was based on what has happened in the markets, accounted for inflation, and the age you want to retire. He conducted many possible case scenarios and concluded that by only withdrawing 4 percent will make sure your money lasts. That is why it has been what is called a golden rule for retirement.
How long will my money last using the 4% rule? If you do all the calculations, it should last for at least 30 years. Obviously, you are looking at many variables of the stock market doing well and your living expenses staying low. Once again, the other big factor is what inflation will do in the future.
So, is the 4% rule that much better?
5 Percent Rule
And then, October 2020 rolls in. The breaking news is that Bill Bengen announced the 4 percent rule for retirement is too conservative and now you can actually use 5%.
So, that leaves the average person going… Okay. My head is spinning. I’m not sure how much I need to save for retirement. What is a good number?
Can I safely withdraw 5% of my investment accounts and still have enough money? That means I need less money to retire.
This is where people quit investing and saving for retirement becomes too hard.
Real truth from real people
Can you Overcome Why Most People don’t save for Retirement?
There are too many variables, there are too many unknowns, and they don’t understand how it all works.
That is the real reason people don’t save for retirement.
I get it. I’m there with you. I feel it. I hear it from readers. But, we are going to break down some of the key items so that way you know how much you need for retirement.
And just remember, even if you messed up your numbers, the market went down, or you want to spend more in retirement than you are, then you could always go back to work. Even better, learn how to make money online for beginners, pick up a side hustle, make a little bit of extra money, and actually do something that you truly enjoy doing.
Learn how much money should I have saved by 30.
How Much do I need to Retire?
The simple answer… aim for $1,000,000 in investment accounts.
You may be able to aim lower depending on some variables which we cover shortly.
Investment accounts can include any of the following:
401K
Roth IRA
IRA
HSA (health saving account)
Brokerage Accounts
High-interest bank accounts
Real estate
You want accounts with liquidity. Things that can be bought and sold for cash. Those are the assets we are counting on how much to retire with.
Don’t use equity in your house because you need a place to live. If you want to use equity, that is fine, but your calculations just become slightly more difficult. We want simplicity.
Right now, your money goal is to reach $1,000,000 in investment accounts. Specifically in liquid net worth.
(Of course, this number may be lower if you live in a low cost of living area, plan to move with overall lower costs or another country, or have good options with lower health care costs. There have been plenty of people who retired with less and love life.)
Based on these variables, you may just need $500,000 to retire. Or somewhere in that range.
Realistic Retirement Savings for Motivation
We shared what a realistic retirement savings amount of $1 million dollars is. Is your first reaction – yikes, there is absolutely no way I can reach that amount.
However, you can!
Just break it down into smaller chunks.
For instance, make your next goal to save $100,000. You do that 10 times and you hit that realistic retirement savings amount.
If that seems like a stretch, then break it down even further. To stay motivated you can strive to save $50K or even $20K.
Break it into bite-sized manageable pieces to help you save for retirement and stay on track.
Learn what happens if you don’t save for retirement.
Best Ways to Save for Retirement
This is the basics to start saving for retirement.
You already know much should you really save for retirement. Now, you just to need to do it.
Here is the safest way to save for retirement. First, open up one or all of these accounts (pending where you are on your money journey). Then, look at investing in S&P 500 Index funds. The most highly recommended index fund for beginners is VTSAX.
1. Contribute to 401K
This is the simplest way to start saving.
Make sure you are contributing at least the minimum to your employer’s 401K.
Every year you can contribute up to a maximum amount. In 2023, an employee can contribute $22,500 to their 401k (the employer is eligible to contribute as well for a combined amount not to exceed $66,000 or 100% of your compensation, whichever is less). For the latest contribution limits, check out the IRS site.
Each year, increase your percentage by 1%. A simple way to reach maxing out your 401K.
Pro Tip: Check if your employer offers a ROTH IRA option. These are becoming more and more popular with companies. A Roth 401K will let your money grow tax-free because you pay taxes when you contribute money. If they don’t offer one, pester the human resources department.
2. Open Roth IRA
The next best option is the ROTH IRA. You want to contribute to a Roth IRA because you pay taxes upfront rather than at withdrawal like a traditional IRA.
Since ROTH IRAs have tax advantages, there are also contribution limits set by the IRS. The contribution amounts have remained the same for a couple of years now. The annual contribution limit is $6,000 per year, or $7,000 if you’re age 50 or older.
The downside to Roth IRAs… the amount you can contribute may be limited based on your income and filing status. However, for the average American, you should be able to max out the amount you can save each year.
Learn if can you have multiple Roth IRAs as it may be a smart financial move.
Pro Tip: Even if one spouse is a stay-at-home parent, you can still contribute to a Roth IRA for the non-working spouse.
3. Health Savings Account
Say what? Yes, a health savings account is on the list as a way to save for retirement. It is a great way to grow your money tax-free going in and on withdrawals.
You must have a High Deductible Health Insurance Plan to open a health savings account.
This is something you want to do and contribute the maximum amount each year. For 2023, you can contribute $3,850 for individuals and $7,750 for family coverage. Typically, the limits go up $50 each year, which helps you save more every year.
Pro Tip: This account will stay with you even when you leave your current employer and insurance. Plus you can use the HSA funds forever – even to pay Medicaid premiums. (Hopefully, nothing changes on these tax-advantaged accounts).
4. Traditional Brokerage Account
The last avenue has no tax benefits, but you are still saving money to be used later. That is what really matters.
Since there are no tax advantages to these basic brokerage amounts, there also are no limits on how much you can contribute.
This is where you would save the remaining money after you exhausted all the other methods listed above.
Side Note…
Yes, there are other ways to save for retirement. For this post and the average investor, the above-mentioned accounts are a great place to start. Once you become savvier and want to invest more money, then you can look at back door IRAs, 529s, or whole life insurance.
Saved $1 million for retirement, Now What?
Once you reach that 1 million dollars retirement mark, congratulations!!
That is a huge milestone that many people never reach. So, what is the next step?
Now, that you are closer to finally being able to live off your investments, you must start to look at the retirement calculators more seriously and factor in all of those variables (age, taxes, and inflation). It is much easier to predict the future once you have built a solid nest age and are closer to living off your investments.
Everyone started the financial independence journey at a different age and will reach their million-dollar mark at different times.
For the average person, you know learned how to save for retirement. You know what you need to do and where to start.
In this post, we took out all of the confusion on how much to save for retirement. Don’t worry about is the 4 percent rule is viable – or if it should be the 3 percent rule or the new 5% rule. The assumptions and variables will hold you back from starting. You know the dollar amount to start with, move on with that.
This simple advice for hitting your first milestone is the motivation to keep you going. Along the way, you will become savvier with finances and investing.
When it is time to move to the question of “can I retire” at such and such age, you have already taken out many of the variables, and the decision becomes more and more clear.
Take steps to reach that $1000000 mark today.
Get ahead now…
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
Inside: Here is the real answer from a day trader and long term investor on how fast can you make money in stocks? Increase freedom by day or swing trading.
The answer depends.
It depends on what your particular objectives are for making money.
If you are a day trader, you obviously can make quick money during the day.
If you are a swing trader, you can make money over the course of typically two to five days. Most swing trades are closed within 30 days.
If you are a long-term investor, it takes longer to make money in the stock market since the rate of return is slower with index funds or mutual funds.
The biggest caveat for the average person to make money with stocks quickly is they buy at the wrong times and sell at the wrong times.
Everyone has heard the mantra of buy low, sell high. Right?
Sounds simple enough.
However, the amateur investor does not understand how the overall market moves, the momentum of the day, and their particular stock of choice.
Personally, I know I can make money with stocks quickly. For me, I average $300-500 in a day easily (and way more using options). But, I have moved from novice investor by taking this investing course. I have practiced with paper trading (simulated account) and I have worked hard to get the results that I see on a consistent basis.
My mantra is… I need to be consistent enough to achieve remarkable results in the stock market.
That is your answer to how fast can I make money in the stocks.
Even Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a philosopher, writer, and composer has a perfect quote when it comes to making money fast in stocks, “Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.”
If you don’t understand what patience means, you are not prepared to make money fast in stocks.
You have to be disciplined enough to pull the trigger at the right time and exit before you get greedy or lose everything.
This post may contain affiliate links, which helps us to continue providing relevant content and we receive a small commission at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read the full disclosure here.
Trading involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. You should carefully consider whether trading is suitable for you in light of your circumstances, knowledge, and financial resources. You may lose all or more of your initial investment. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Your results will vary. Trade at your own risk.
How Fast Can you Make Money In Stocks?
You can make money quickly in a matter of seconds. You can also lose money in a matter of seconds.
The brutal truth… day trading is not made for everyone.
However, you can make consistent income to supplement your paycheck. And that right there is enticing for anyone.
As a day trader, you close out all of your trades on the same day. Thus, you will have a realized gain or loss at the end of the day. This is the fastest way to make money in the stock market.
As a swing trader, you will hold your trades until the stock moves to your desired price. Once you close your trades, that is when you have a realized gain or loss.
For long term investing, that is normally a buy and hold strategy of holding a stock, EFT, or index fund for longer than a year.
The best part is you can design what type of trading style works best for your personality and maximize the profits you are capable of.
In order to have the highest success rates of making money in the quickest time possible, I highly recommend that you take this course.
Trading has been a life-changing event for her, as well as her 1000s of students that have all made over $1,000 per day. That is a testament to the quality education that you would receive on how to trade.
So, if you were wondering can you make $1000 a month trading stocks? The answer is yes and you can make $1000 a day if you take the course I have taken.
Personally, I truly believe that spending the money on this online investing course is money better spent paying a financial advisor or paying for college.
Is Day trading worth It?
Can you make a living day trading?
Yes, it is very possible to make day trading a viable career path for you.
There are many benefits to being a day trader because you set your own hours. Since you are your own boss, you do not have to answer to anybody else. And in many cases, you could possibly work fewer hours than a regular salaried position.
On the flip side of being a day trader is you will have highs and lows. Until you fully grasp the concept that as a trader you will not win 100% of the time, you will struggle. In fact, most traders are probably executing trades with 50% wins and 50% are losses; that is what they call their batting average.
As an active trader, you must be careful to protect your account balance through the proper execution of risk management. (If you don’t understand this risk concept, then you must watch this video).
The goal for a day trader is to lose small amounts of money and reap a bigger reward of profit at the end of the day.
According to Glassdoor, the average day trader makes $71,260 a year. Thus, day trading is a very viable career because this is a higher potential than the average salaried $60000 per year that somebody else can provide for you.
Now, let’s break down how much does the average day trader make in days, weeks, and months.
The stock market is open for trading for about 252 days per year. This can fluctuate slightly based on holidays, Leap Year, or major events.
Average Trader Makes
Daily
$282.78
Weekly
$1,370.38
Monthly
$5,938.33
Yearly
$71,260.00
Your results will vary. Trade at your own risk.
Now, what if you love your job and just want to supplement your income with trading? That is completely possible and something many people do today.
Check out this person’s journey.
Serious About Learning How Fast You Can Earn Money In Stocks?
The stock market can be tricky. The stock market can be a beast to try to understand. That is why so many financial gurus are always making predictions and a very small handful actually pan out.
In the most simplistic form, a stock price is when a buyer and seller agree on a specific price. That price can move up and it can move down throughout the day. But at that particular moment in time, that is where the buyers and sellers agree on a price.
Once you move from a novice investor to a beginner investor to a good investor to an advanced investor, you are able to increase how fast you can potentially earn money.
The biggest mistake is to just jump into the market and start trading without any clue to what you are doing.
To have a greater probability of success, then you must take a top-notch investing course. The other option is to skip the cost of the course and lose even more in the stock market. Your choice.
I picked this top-notch investing course and am very happy with my decision. Thus, I highly recommend it to others who are serious about trading to supplement their income.
Check out my Trade and Travel Review – Join the $1000 in a Day Club!
If you don’t have cash for the full course upfront, just start with the basic Trade and Travel course. You can always upgrade to VIP once you begin profiting off the stock market and move to advanced trading strategies of shorting and options.
On top of that, you need to spend time practicing your trades in a simulated account; also known, as paper trading.
Practice everything you are learning from the course without losing money. You are trading with fake money until you can get the hang of day and swing trading.
Learn how the stocks move.
Learn how the market reacts.
Master your trading plan.
Refine your trading mindset.
Once you are comfortable and ready, then you can move on to a live trading account. That is where you actually start reaping what you have sown.
Day trading or swing trading is not a waste of time or a bad idea if you know how to execute properly and know your long term goal.
Plus it helps you find time freedom in your life.
Best Stocks to Invest in 2023
Are you trying to find the best stocks to invest in the current year? It may remind you of looking into an eight ball, taking your best guess, and then throwing a dart to hit a bullseye.
There are over 6000 stocks that trade on the NYSE & Nasdaq (source)!
That is a lot of companies to search through to find the best stocks for 2021. Typically, day traders look heavily on technology stocks and growth stocks.
So, how do you go along and pick the best stocks?
One option is to listen to the big financial gurus on TV or in the news telling you to buy this or that stock. They may have some good ideas, but they also may have a few misses. Plus those stocks may be at all time highs.
Another option is you copy what your friend has done. See the stocks they picked, and hopefully, you don’t get burned by a bad stock pick.
Look around your house and find products that you use and believe will continue to do better. (Buyer beware… your favorite products may not be the best stocks in their sector.)
If you truly want to be a savvy investor, then you need to find an easier way for you to pick stocks that fit within your financial portfolio. Even better to find stocks that align with your values and ethics.
More importantly, do this research without spending a ton of your own time!
If you are looking for the best stocks to invest in right now, you can use the Motley Fool’s services to help you pick the best stocks right now.
The other option is to do all of your due diligence and time picking your own company.
Personally, I use Motley Fool’s Stock Advisory. It is an easy way to start with a group of solid companies and less time for me to search out all other detailed information provided.
Is it possible to make a living trading stocks?
Most aspiring day traders will never become profitable. Even though this is the perfect early morning job.
Sad, but true.
That is because they do not have a system (aka trading plan) in place. They were not taught how to trade effectively, manage risk, and happily close a trade for a profit or a loss.
Unfortunately, trying to trade by the seat of your pants and whatever fits your fancy, will not work. The same goes for trading with you you hear on popular Reddit forums, Discord groups, or Twitter.
You have to know when to buy, how much to buy, what your risk tolerance is, when you plan to sell (win or lose), and your potential profit.
Just because you calculate a potential profit of $1,000 does not mean that it is a great trade since you may lose 3000 dollars to make that $1,000 profit happen. And in that case, that trade is not worth it.
There is a consensus out there that day trading is not worth it. Probably because those people lost a ton of money in the market because they were clueless on how to trade.
The question becomes are you willing to advance your knowledge more than the average person to make a living trading stocks.
To be successful at making money in stocks, you must understand how the market moves, be able to make solid decisions on buying or selling the stock or option.
If you struggle to make simple decisions on what you are going to have for dinner, then day trading might not be for you. So, stick with long-term investing with index funds.
If you have an inkling to add another type of income, then day trading or swing trading might be favorable for you. Or a desire of I don’t want to work anymore.
Day trading is a good idea if you are looking to change your personal finance situation and find freedom by increasing your net worth.
Think about how your life and how your stress level can be transformed by short term investing. What can you possibly accomplish by using the stock market as another stream of income?
I cannot stress enough that you must take a solid investing course.
Are you Ready to Make Money Fast in Stocks?
In conclusion, the real answer is yes, you can make money fast in the stock market. Even more when you have successful trade options (VIP level). The market comes with risk and you can also lose money fast in the stock market.
Yes, now is a good time to invest in stocks.
The determination will be decided by how much time you spend truly learning about how to make real money in the stock market.
If you’re following Twitter, discord, Reddit groups, or just following the trends, you may have some success, but it is not guaranteed for a long time.
If you have a proven reliable trading system, like I have taken I you can make the progress you need to start making real money in the stock market.
But remember, nothing is guaranteed.
Nothing that I have said in this post is a promise that you are guaranteed to make money in the stock market. All I’m saying is…it is possible.
You can learn how to make 300 dollars fast. Or even make 5000 fast.
You just have to put in the time, the dedication, and the desire to do it.
Just remember, do not start trading with real money until you have made significant progress in a simulated account and feel confident in your ability to make money in a live account.
You must be able to take money away from other people in the stock market and not have them steal your money.
LearnHow to Get Weekly Paychecks From The Stock Market
Trading involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. You should carefully consider whether trading is suitable for you in light of your circumstances, knowledge, and financial resources. You may lose all or more of your initial investment. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Your results will vary. Trade at your own risk.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
In regards to your recent “When to Take Social Security” article, you left something out. You can take Social Security early (say, age 62), then invest that money, and your investment will end up better than if you had waited on Social Security until age 67 or age 70.
Interesting! But does the math work? Let’s dive in. Should you take Social Security early and invest it?
What Kind of “Returns” Do You Get For Waiting on Social Security?
Let’s start by looking at Social Security. What kind of “return on investment” do you receive by delaying your Social Security decision?
There’s no easy way to do this today without a spreadsheet, so we will use this Google Sheet to show you some math. (I keep the original file pristine so all readers see the same numbers, but you can go to File –> Make a Copy to create your own copy of the file to play around with.)
For starters, we need to understand how retirees’ benefits change as they age. Depending on their birth year, today’s retirees reach their “Full Retirement Age” (FRA) at 66 or 67 years old. Depending on the age at which they apply for Social Security, they’ll receive a certain percentage of their full benefits, described in the table below.
To make the math easy, we will assume our retiree’s Primary Insurance Amount (PIA)…aka the amount you receive if you wait until FRA…is $1000 per month. So “100%” on the table above equals $1000 per mont
The longer our retiree waits, the higher their monthly payments will be. But what does that look like as an “investment?” And how does inflation factor in?
What About Inflation?
The Social Security Administration adjusts everybody’s Social Security payments yearly to account for inflation. This “cost of living adjustment” is often shortened to “COLA.”
The average COLA adjustment since 1975 has been 3.66%. We need to include that in our spreadsheet too.
Baseline Analysis – No Investments Yet
Let’s start with a baseline analysis. We’ll examine a series of retirees who collect their Social Security monthly, and immediately spend it. They make no investments with their Social Security cash flow. We could conceptualize this as hiding those dollars underneath their mattresses.
We’ll compare results by looking at the total dollar amounts collected over time. This will be our baseline analysis. You can follow along on the spreadsheet tab labeled “No Investment Return (Yet) – Nominal Dollars Only”
The results: in this scenario, early collection only makes sense for a retiree who dies before age 74. This should make sense. We know that delaying Social Security makes more and more sense the longer someone lives.
Let’s add in investment returns.
Analysis 1: Investing in a 4.7% Savings Account
Let’s consider a retiree who takes all of their Social Security income and deposits it into a savings account bearing 4.7% annual interest.
Why 4.7%? That’s the average overnight Federal Funds rate since 1960, and modern-day high-yield savings accounts tend to offer interest rates that are closely correlated to the Fed Funds rate.
Note: if your personal pile of cash isn’t in a high-yield savings account, you should ask yourself why that is…
The results: if you pass away at age 77 or earlier, collecting earlier makes sense. Otherwise, waiting until FRA or later likely makes sense. This is no different than “traditional” Social Security advice.
Analysis 2: Investing in a “Standard” 60/40 Portfolio
What if our retirees put their money in a tried-and-true 60/40 portfolio?
From 1950 until today, that kind of diversified 60/40 portfolio has returned an average of 9.3% per year.
The results: Whoa! As shown on the “A2” tab, collecting as early as possible makes sense for anyone who would pass away before age 88.
We know, on average, most 62 years olds are going to pass away well before age 88. The smart, probabilistic thing to do then, is collect Social Security as early as possible and invest it in something like a 60/40 portfolio (or, something with greater returns).
But wait…because I’ve only showed you half the story. And that’s a major problem.
Big Problem: What’s the Risk?
If we zoom out on reader DT’s idea as originally stated, we should confidently conclude: OF COURSE it makes sense! If you have sufficiently high investment returns, you should always start as early as possible.
Even if the benefit of delaying Social Security was 20% per year, but I had an investment that paid me 40% per year, I’d rather start collecting as soon as possible and get the money invested. Given sufficiently high returns, you always want to get the compound growth started.
But we must return, once again, to a foundational pillar of investing and oft-repeated maxim of The Best Interest: Risk and return are intrinsically connected.Returns are not “free.” They are compensation for taking on investment risk.
Whenever an investor compares returns alone, without also comparing the risks involved, they’re making an incomplete analysis. DT’s original question only considers return. It doesn’t consider risk.
What Comparison Makes Sense?
The benefits of delaying Social Security are guaranteed by the U.S. government. That’s very low risk. What kind of investment risk should we compare that to?
I see two viable options.
First, why does Warren Buffett invest all of Berkshire Hathaway’s extra cash into U.S. Treasuries, instead of an S&P 500 index fund? Doesn’t he know the S&P 500 has much better long-term returns?!
Answer: U.S. Treasuries are as risk-free as anything in the investing universe, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. As long as Uncle Sam pays debts, U.S. treasuries are risk-free. The S&P 500 is far from risk-free, and Buffett knows it. He wants his cash to be safe and ready for deployment at a moment’s notice. The S&P 500 cannot fulfill that need.
The first logical comparison today, then, is to use a true “risk-free” rate as our investment return. Something like a high-yield bank account (FDIC insured) or short-term U.S. Treasury is appropriate. Conveniently, we already did that in Analysis #1, where our conclusion is no different than traditional Social Security advice: the “break even” point occurs in the late 70s.
Note: this is reason for the concept of “risk-adjusted returns.”To compare only the returns of two investments is not an apples-to-apples comparison.
The second option is to show the downsides of Analysis #2. That is, to show how 9.3% per year from a 60/40 portfolio is far from a guarantee. More specifically, I’d like to show how the downside risk of a 60/40 portfolio could turn our result on its head. What happens if we suffer some bad markets during our early Social Security period?
Looking at historical returns, a 60/40 portfolio has had 10-year periods with returns below 2% per year. What if we started our Social Security timeline with that kind of low return, and then made up for it at the end of the analysis? That’s what I show on our spreadsheet on the A3 tab.
The results? The 60/40 “solution” comes with risks! In this scenario, “taking Social Security early and investing it” only worked out if our retiree died before age 75. That’s not a good outcome. Doubly so if Social Security is a safety net or backstop in your financial plan.
To Apply or Not Apply
If your Social Security is “play money” in your financial plan, and you’re ok with risking a loss, then I can see the merit and appeal of DT’s proposal. You can apply for Social Security early, invest it (reasonably), and the odds are in your favor that you’ll end up in a good spot.
But it’s no guarantee.
And the entire point of the Social Security system is to provide a guaranteed benefit to retirees. If Social Security plays even a minor role in your financial plan, I would strongly discourage putting that money at investment risk to eek out extra returns.
When we make a level comparison by using a risk-free rate, like in Analysis #1, we see there is no net benefit to taking Social Security early to invest it.
Thank you for reading! If you enjoyed this article, join 8000+ subscribers who read my 2-minute weekly email, where I send you links to the smartest financial content I find online every week.
-Jesse
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What do you think of when I say, “smart with money”?
Do you remember any significant life events such as landing your first job after college or signing up for a lucrative opportunity to invest in the stock market?
Most likely not.
Because those didn’t happen until later on in life and we were already smart with our money by then. But there was no rocket science behind it: we just learned about saving and investing early on and took action that eventually yielded positive results.
And if you didn’t, there is no need to fret. You are in the right place and everyone has to start somewhere.
It’s not long before you start to wonder how much richer your life and bank account would be if you had started earlier.
So, let’s do a reality check: what is the difference between investing 10 minutes per day and putting $10 into an investment each month?
A sensible answer would be that investing 10 minutes per day is worth $1,000 in a year.
Your time has value and you are getting richer by the minute!
So, what are you waiting for?
Let’s learn how to be smart with money.
How to Be Smart with Money
Money touches nearly everything we do in our modern society.
It’s what keeps the wheels of commerce turning and enables people to get by without physical labor, so it is important that you know how to manage your finances well.
To be smart with money means understanding its power and spending on what matters most for your life goals.
You need to make sure you are paying for your day-to-day expenses while saving for emergencies, retirement plans, and long-term investments like a home or college education.
Money helps us to achieve our goals and dreams, increase our quality of life, and buy everything we need or want.
If you’re just starting out with your finances then this article is for you! I will give some basic steps on how to be smart with money.
In other words, this article is a crash course on how to make your money work for you! You’ll learn what financial independence means and why it’s important to have a large enough nest egg. Read more now!
Why You Need to be Smart with Money
This is exactly how can I be wise with money.
The most important thing is to cultivate the habit of saving money. The fact that you are reading this article likely means that you understand how important it is, but if not then it’s time for some serious change! If your goal in life is security and doing something meaningful with your life, then building wealth will be a significant step towards achieving those goals.
When we have enough money saved up, we can start investing our funds into different assets such as stocks or real estate so that they grow and compound. The more money we have, the more freedom and control we will gain over our lives.
There are many ways to be smart with money. Here are some suggestions that can help you save, invest, or earn more money.
7 Steps to Be Smart with money
It’s not easy to be smart with money, but it is possible.
Start by building a budget and identifying your spending habits. It takes time and hard work, but once you’re on track for saving money consistently over the long-term, you will find yourself in a much better position financially than those who are constantly struggling or living paycheck to paycheck.
Here are the exact steps to follow:
Step #1: Set Goals
Set goals for yourself. It’s important to have clear, measurable, attainable goals that you will be able to achieve in order to keep your motivation up when you are working towards them.
In order to have a better future, it is necessary to start saving for the future now and not wait any longer.
Set goals and save money every month so that when your goal is achieved, you can spend more time enjoying what life has in store for you.
In order to set goals, it is best to reflect on what you want in your life.
What do you want to know?
Who do you want to be?
What do you want to experience?
What is your purpose in life and how will this help you get what you want?
It’s also important to make a plan for achieving these goals.
For instance, if you want to be a millionaire, what are some steps that you can take today? Maybe it means getting more education or saving up for retirement.
You have the power to set goals and make plans to achieve them.
Action Step: Dig deeper into making smart financial goals.
Step #2: Managing your Budget
A budget can be a valuable tool for managing your money and preventing financial stress.
More importantly, to become smart with money is to create a budget that you can follow. You should also save your money, especially if you want to build wealth.
Managing your budget is a step-by-step process that requires you to have a budget.
You should start by setting up a spreadsheet to track your income and expenses. The next step is to create a budget that reflects your financial situation. You can use an online Google Sheet, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, or personal finance software like Quicken.
Action Step: Dig deeper into how to make a budget.
Step #3: Paying Off Debts (non-mortgage debts)
Dealing with debt is difficult enough, but it can be made easier by paying off your monthly payments.
Paying off debts is the process of getting rid of outstanding debt and freeing up cash flow. This can be done by creating a plan to get out of debt, avoid taking on smaller manageable debts or simply by not spending as much.
Pay off your high interest debt first, such as credit cards and loans. This will help reduce the amount of interest you pay each month.
When you are able to pay off your debts on a regular basis, the interest rates will go down and this will save money in the long run.
Paying off debt faster and building wealth is easier than ever by following this action step below.
Action Step: Dig deeper into how to get out of debt.
Step #4: Save More Money
Save more money is a step in the process of achieving financial independence.
Saving money and building wealth is something that anyone can do. Once you get into the habit of saving money, it becomes easier to increase your savings rate or build up an emergency fund.
This step involves taking on additional work and increasing your income so that you can save more. By saving more money, you will be able to reach financial independence faster.
It is important to create an emergency fund and invest in a money market account. This allows you to save for future goals and emergencies with less risk, as well as build wealth faster.
Action Step: Pick a money saving challenge for you!
Step #5: Track Expenses
Track expenses is a phrase that means to collect or record the money that you spend on various things over a given period of time. This includes bills, groceries, and anything else expenditure-related.
Track your spending or review debit/credit card transactions and receipts to begin to understand where your money is going.
This will help you stay on top of what you are spending so that you can be more efficient with your finances.
Track your spending habits to find the big leaks in your wallet. You should know what you are spending money on, where it is going and how much you spend.
For at least a month, track your expenses in order to get a better understanding of where you can save. This will help you set goals and make conscious decisions about money management.
Action Step: Try a no spend month to prioritize your spending.
Pick a money saving challenge for you!
Step #6 – Increase Income
There are numerous ways to increase your income. You can increase your income by working more hours, starting a side business, or taking on additional responsibilities at work.
The fastest way is to think of businesses, products, or services that people want – use Google to find the products and advertise your niche. The benefit of working for yourself is there are no income limits on what you can make.
Many people want to make money online, but most of them need help figuring out how to do it.
To start, you need to figure out what your skills are and then find a niche that is in demand. For example, if you have good writing skills, it might be best for you to try blogging or find freelance work.
Don’t give up. If you want to make a lot of money, you have to put in the time and effort!
Action Step: Find ways to make money fast.
Step # 7: Invest Wisely
Investing wisely is the act of making investments that will provide positive returns.
Investing in stocks, bonds, or other types of securities can be risky, but it can also make you rich. Investing wisely means understanding the risks and rewards of your investment.
If someone asked you, “What is the smartest thing to do with your money?” The loud answer is to invest money consistently.
Investing early on and taking action eventually yielded positive results.
Investing is a marathon and not a sprint, so we need to start small and take it one day at a time.
Investing in a variety of assets is the best way to maximize your returns. Invest only in what you know and understand, invest for the long term, and diversify investments.
Action Step: Learn how much you can make in stocks.
10 Simple Smart Money Tips
On Reddit personal finance, you can find hundreds of answers to what is a money smart person, which is great but can be overwhelming.
Smart money tips are a great way to build wealth and get rich faster. These smart money tips will help you learn more about personal finance, save time on your monthly expenses, and grow savings for the future.
Here are specific ways you can become money smart today:
1. Build an Emergency Fund
An emergency fund is a savings account that’s been set aside for the unexpected.
It is used to cover emergencies, such as car repairs or medical emergencies, and can also be used when you have a job that doesn’t offer health insurance.
It’s important to set up an emergency fund because unexpected situations can happen at any time, and you won’t be able to use your credit cards or other debt to pay for them.
2. Save for Larger Purchases and Expenses
Save for larger purchases and expenses is a financial planning strategy that entails saving a certain amount of money each month to put towards future, much bigger purchases or expenses.
It’s important not to spend all of the money you save, as it’s possible that the future expense will not come to fruition.
This is exactly how you stay out of debt.
3. Steer Clear of Debt
Keep your debt low, and pay it off when you can.
Good debt is debt that will help you reach your goals in the future or help build a business. Bad debt is debt that you will not be able to pay back, and if you default on this type of debt, it can have a huge impact on your credit score.
To get out of debt, figure out how much you owe on various debts and decide what to do with the money.
4. Start Investing for Retirement
Many people have a hard time saving for retirement. This is unfortunate because of the power of compound interest, which means that you will earn more money on your investment over time.
Start saving 15% of your income as soon as you can for retirement. This will allow for passive income later in life.
The best way to start investing for retirement is by setting up a Roth IRA.
You can then invest your money with low or no fees and earn tax-free returns until you retire.
This means every time you get a raise, put that extra cash into an account that will be used for your retirement.
5. How to Save for Kids’ College
There are a few different ways to save for kids’ college. One way is to pay for their education through a 529 plan, which is a tax-advantaged savings account that allows you to save for college expenses. Another way is to use a mix of tax-advantaged and taxable investments like an IRA or 401(k), which will take some time to build up your savings but will allow you to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other investments that are safe for retirement.
The best way to save for your kids’ college is to start saving early.
Also, you need to check out this scholarship program to lower the cost of college.
6. Find a Good Credit Card
Credit cards offer the best interest rates on purchases, and they’re easy to find with little risk. Apply for one that charges no annual fees and offers a balance transfer promotion.
Even better, you want a credit card that offers you cash back on your purchases.
7. Talk about Money
In order to be smart with money, it’s important that you talk about finances and learn from them. You can normalize talking and learning about finance by using a planner or financial statements.
It also helps to meet up with other people who have similar values in the community so they can help support your journey towards wealth building.
By talking openly about finances and learning how to be smart with money, it helps people get wealthy.
8. Learn about Money
Money is a topic that most people know little to nothing about, and it can be hard to get started.
However, Money Bliss provides some helpful tips on how you can begin building your wealth in the simplest way possible.
Wealthy people are getting richer by staying up to date with money matters.
Building wealth starts with thinking about your finances the right way. It’s not about losing weight or running a marathon; it’s about how we use the resources we’re given and the smart money management skills we need to get what we want out of life.
9. Know the Purpose of Money
Most people believe that it is “the key to happiness” to have enough money, but studies show this is not true.
We know money does not buy happiness, but it doesn’t mean you should live without it.
In fact, you need to know how money helps you find time freedom.
Time freedom is a relativity new concept; yet, it is the driver behind finding happiness with money.
10. Be Aware
Awareness of spending habits, saving, and donations are all examples of smart money skills.
By understanding how your current income is allocated to different expenses–including the ones you can’t control like mortgage rates or gas prices–you’ll learn what really drives your monthly budget.
When it comes to money, you should be smart about your spending habits. By doing this, you will have a better understanding of how much money is coming in and going out so that you can save more or donate more.
You should also know the difference between saving for the future vs living day-to-day expenses because these are two different things.
There are many perspectives on how to manage money. And honestly, there isn’t one opinion that dominates from another.
That is why investing in yourself to read some of the best books on how to manage money is key to long-term financial success!
While many of the concepts may be similar, there is ALWAYS something unique I learn after reading each book.
Happy reading!
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
Hands down this is one of my favorite books on how to manage money of all time.
The reason is simple.
It is easier to follow regardless of your background, knowledge of personal finance, or love/hate relationship with numbers, and money savviness.
You cannot learn how to manage money successfully without reading this book. This is one of the best gifts that you can give.
Key Takeaways – Creating your F-you fund will dramatically change your financial independence and your future.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This book by David Bach is the inspirational story you need when motivation is low to stay on budget.
You learn the secret to automatically secure your future – all through automatically saving money. This is a real system that any person can follow.
If you are struggling to stay on course and motivated, then you need to pick up this book. Once you read it, then pass it along to a friend to keep the motivational and accountability train going.
Key Takeaway – Automatically saving 10% early on will guarantee your millionaire status.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This book covers every aspect of money from debt, saving accounts, automating finances, set-it-and-forget it investment strategy, how to handle big purchases (car, house, wedding, kids) plus how to negotiate a raise at work.
These are the basic principles on how to manage money that needs to be taught in school. Call this book your beginner’s guide on managing your finances and setting yourself up for long term success!
Take control of your financial situation. By becoming active, you don’t have to continue to hold for a magically change.
Make sure you get the 2nd edition that was revised in 2019.
Key Takeaways – Ramit Sethi, the author, provides you word-for-word scripts that will save you thousands of dollars on loan interest and lowering all of your expenses. That alone is worth the $9.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
The goal is to become financially independent as quickly as possible.
This is something the author Grant Sabatier has achieved and retired at the age of 30.
He offers counter-intuitive advice about money so that you can actually live the life you want. This FI movement is picking up speed and something that you shouldn’t ignore regardless of your age.
Key Takeaways – You will not walk away from reading this book the same person.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This is what we all dream of… be set for life. Not to have to worry about the next paycheck coming in. Running out of money each month. You want money in the bank and the freedom to do what you want to do.
Become set on escaping the 9-to-5 grind and lay a solid foundation with money. According to the author, Scott Trench, you must be willing to work harder and smarter than the average person.
Find the motivation to conquer your financial goals early on.
Key Takeaway – Be prepared to start saving 50% of your income while still enjoying life’s luxuries at a younger age.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This recent release is about how you behave with money. The decisions that are made on the go and not when looking at a spreadsheet.
The book is filled with 19 short stories on how emotions play such a big part with how we handle money. Everyone handles money and investing differently and that is okay, but learning how to know what works for you.
Key Takeaway – This book is meant to be thought provoking on why we do silly things with money.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This is the perfect book for beginners written by a (retired) millennial.
You will walk away with a solid understanding of budgeting and why tracking your net worth will boost your money management efforts.
She puts everything into simple terms and provides uncomplicated and realistic solutions to handing your finances.
Key Takeaway – This book is loaded with sass and humor, so you will find the lessons upbeat and honest to a normal dreary topic of personal finance.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
The long term reason to save money today is to not work for years. If you want a drag on your portfolio by using a financial investor, then don’t read this book.
If you want a classic guide on getting smart about the stock market and becoming financially independent, then this book is for you.
The author teaches how to make index fund investing work for you and help you to achieve your financial goals. Plus with having little risk.
Key Takeaway – The investment scene doesn’t have to be scary and confusing after learning the basics of investing and creating a simple portfolio.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
One of the best ways to build income is to become your own boss whether, through a side hustle, real estate investing, or building a business. However, too many times expenses swallow business before they ever churn a profit back to the owner.
Mike Michalowicz will lays out the Profit First Formula, which will transform any business on the way they manage money.
This is a must-read for anyone owning their own business, a board member for a corporation, or looking to start their own business. This is how you build a sustainable, no-ceiling income.
Key Takeaway – You will finally know how much you have to invest in your business and always take home a profit.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
The last book on the top 10 best books to manage money isn’t even focused on money!
It is how we handle and deal with our stuff. Unfortunately, buying all that stuff comes at a cost and normally a big price tag. Plus the cost to maintain the stuff we already own.
The book by Joshua Becker helps you to open your eyes to a slightly different lifestyle that may change your life forever.
Key Takeaways – By learning to live with less stuff, there is more money in our budget to spend on other things or experiences.
Ready to Be Smart with Money?
Being smart with your money is about making good choices.
It’s important to know what you need and what you don’t because if you spend too much on things that aren’t necessary, you’ll never save enough to buy the things that are important to you.
Becoming rich and building wealth is all about making smart choices!
You need a goal, sometimes called an objective or an endpoint, and you need to set up a plan.
There are many steps that can help you be smart with your money. For example, never save for “a rainy day”; instead save for all the days.
The steps to be smart with money are not difficult, but the effects of being smart with your finances will last throughout your life.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
Investing can feel like riding a rollercoaster, especially when you’re trying to keep up with market fluctuations. One popular technique that long-term investors use to smooth out this ride is dollar-cost averaging (DCA).
This investment strategy offers a methodical approach to investing that can eliminate the guesswork and stress of trying to time the market. Let’s dive into the world of DCA and see how it might serve your personal finance goals.
Basics of Dollar-Cost Averaging
Dollar-cost averaging is a simple but effective investment strategy. The basic idea is to invest a fixed dollar amount at regular intervals into a particular investment, such as a stock or mutual fund, regardless of its share price. Over time, this approach can result in a lower average price per share compared to making a lump sum investment at a higher price.
Here’s how to dollar-cost average: Suppose you decide to invest $500 into an index fund every month. The share price of the fund fluctuates from month to month, sometimes high, sometimes low. By investing regularly, you buy more shares when the price is low and fewer shares when the price is high. Over time, this can lead to a lower average purchase price.
A Deeper Dive Into How Dollar-Cost Averaging Works
One way to get a better grasp of how dollar-cost averaging works is to look at a hypothetical scenario. Suppose you decide to invest $200 in a mutual fund every month. In January, the share price is $20, so you buy 10 shares.
In February, the share price drops to $10, so your $200 buys you 20 shares. In March, the price goes up to $25, so you can only afford 8 shares. Despite the market’s fluctuations, your regular investment allowed you to purchase more shares when the price was low and fewer shares when the price was high, resulting in a lower average purchase price.
Benefits of Dollar-Cost Averaging
The key advantage of the dollar-cost averaging approach is that it mitigates market volatility. Instead of trying to time the market and potentially making ill-timed investment decisions, DCA allows you to follow a fixed schedule and make regular investments.
This strategy can be especially beneficial in declining markets. When stock prices fall, your fixed dollar amount can purchase more shares. If the stock market recovers, you would have bought those shares at lower prices, potentially leading to gains. This way, DCA can turn market declines into opportunities.
Another benefit of dollar-cost averaging is that it can promote disciplined investing. By investing a fixed amount at regular intervals, you are more likely to stick with your investing strategy, even when the market is turbulent.
The Psychology Behind Dollar-Cost Averaging
Dollar-cost averaging isn’t just about mathematical probabilities and financial strategy—it’s also deeply intertwined with investor psychology. Investing can be an emotional roller coaster, especially during periods of significant market volatility. When stock prices swing wildly, investors often let their emotions guide their decisions, which can lead to costly mistakes.
For instance, a sudden market downturn might provoke feelings of fear and uncertainty. In response to these emotions, some investors may resort to panic selling, hastily offloading their investments to stave off further losses. This can be detrimental to their long-term financial goals because they might miss out on potential gains when the market eventually rebounds.
On the flip side, during a bullish market when prices are high, feelings of greed and fear of missing out (FOMO) might take over. These emotions can lead to impulsive buying, where investors pour money into the market hoping to ride the wave. But if the market corrects or crashes, these investors stand to lose a significant portion of their investment.
This is where the dollar-cost averaging approach comes into play. The discipline of investing a fixed amount at regular intervals removes the need to time the market and reduces the influence of emotions on investment decisions. It provides a systematic investment plan that is followed regardless of whether the market is up or down. This disciplined approach can prevent impulsive decisions, providing a level of emotional comfort and stability.
Limitations and Risks of Dollar-Cost Averaging
While dollar-cost averaging offers many benefits, it’s not without its potential drawbacks. One potential downside is that if the market consistently rises, a dollar-cost averaging strategy could yield lower returns compared to lump sum investing. In bullish markets, a lump sum invested early would have more time to grow.
Another risk is that despite the potential to achieve a lower average price per share, DCA doesn’t guarantee profits or protect against losses. If the market continually declines, you may lose money, especially if you need to withdraw your investment before the market has a chance to recover.
Finally, for dollar-cost averaging to work effectively, it requires regular and continuous investments. This may pose a challenge if you have a tight budget or unpredictable cash flow.
Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum Investing
Lump sum investing is another common strategy where an investor puts a large sum of money into the market at once. This approach can yield higher returns during a bull market because your entire investment is exposed to the market’s growth from the beginning.
However, timing the lump sum investment correctly can be challenging, even for professional investors. Misjudging the market can lead to buying high, which could result in lower returns or even losses. It’s also worth noting that investing a large sum all at once can be a significant risk if the market takes a downturn shortly after.
Choosing between dollar-cost averaging and lump sum investing largely depends on factors like your risk tolerance, investment horizon, and the amount of money you have to invest.
Implementing Dollar-Cost Averaging in Your Investment Strategy
If you’re interested in implementing a dollar-cost averaging strategy, you’ll need to consider several factors:
Choosing an investment: First, choose a suitable investment option. This could be individual stocks, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It’s wise to diversify across different asset classes to reduce risk.
Budget: Decide how much money you can invest regularly. This could be a fixed dollar amount you set aside from your paycheck every month. The key is to ensure it’s an amount you can commit to over time.
Frequency: Determine how often you want to invest. This could be monthly, quarterly, or any interval that fits your financial situation. The main point is to stick to a regular schedule.
Duration: Consider how long you plan to keep investing. This would typically be linked to your financial goals. Are you saving for retirement, a down payment on a home, or your child’s college education? Your end goal can help you determine how long you dollar-cost average.
Dollar-Cost Averaging in Different Market Conditions
Dollar-cost averaging can prove beneficial in various market conditions:
Bullish markets: In a steadily rising market, a DCA strategy may underperform a lump sum investing approach. However, the benefit is that you’re not risking a large sum of money at once and aren’t trying to time the market.
Bearish markets: In declining markets, DCA comes into its own by allowing you to buy more shares at lower prices. This can reduce the average cost of your investment over time.
Volatile markets: Market volatility can make it difficult to time your investments. With DCA, you’re investing at regular intervals, which means you’re less likely to be swayed by short-term market swings.
Dollar-Cost Averaging With Robo-Advisors and Investment Apps
Nowadays, you don’t need to manually make investments at regular intervals. Many financial institutions offer automatic trading plans, and several robo-advisors and investment apps also provide automated DCA services.
These tools can automatically deduct a set amount from your bank or brokerage account and invest it according to your preferences, making DCA even more straightforward.
Conclusion
Dollar-cost averaging helps you manage fluctuations in the market, mitigate the risks of market timing, and potentially lower your average purchase price. It offers a systematic and disciplined approach to investing. However, like any investment strategy, it’s not without risks. Always consider your financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon before deciding to implement DCA.
Remember, past performance is not indicative of future results, and it’s important to evaluate your investment options carefully. While this article provides a thorough understanding of how dollar-cost averaging works, it does not provide investment advice. You should consider seeking advice from professional advisory or brokerage services that can provide personalized advice based on your circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use dollar-cost averaging in my retirement account?
Yes, DCA fits perfectly in retirement accounts like 401(k)s or IRAs. You’re typically contributing a set amount regularly, which is DCA in practice. Over time, this can help smooth out the impact of market volatility on your retirement savings.
Do I need a large sum of money to start dollar-cost averaging?
No, the advantage of DCA is that it allows you to start investing with any amount you’re comfortable with. You simply invest a fixed amount at regular intervals, which could be as little as a few dollars every month.
How does dollar-cost averaging help me build wealth over time?
DCA can contribute to wealth building by potentially lowering the average cost of your investments over time. By buying more shares when prices are low and fewer when they’re high, you might lower your average cost per share, setting the stage for potential gains in the long run.
Can dollar-cost averaging protect me from all investment losses?
While DCA can help mitigate the effects of volatile markets, it does not guarantee protection from all investment losses. The value of your investments can still go down, particularly if the entire market is in a prolonged downturn. It’s important to have a diversified portfolio and a strategy that aligns with your risk tolerance.
Is dollar-cost averaging only suitable for stocks?
Not at all. While often associated with buying stocks, you can apply dollar-cost averaging to other types of investments as well, like mutual funds, index funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or even Bitcoin. The key is that the asset’s price changes over time.
How often should I make investments if I’m using a dollar-cost averaging strategy?
The frequency of investments in a DCA strategy can vary based on your personal finance situation and goals. Common intervals include monthly and bi-weekly, often aligned with pay periods. The key is to be consistent and stick to your predetermined schedule.
Commodity exchange-traded funds are ETFs that invest in hard and soft commodities. Commodities are raw materials — e.g. grain, precious metals, livestock, energy products — used for direct consumption or to produce other goods. Crude oil, corn, and copper are examples of commonly traded commodities.
Investing in a commodity ETF can offer exposure to one or more types of commodities within a single vehicle. There are different types of commodity ETFs to choose when building a diversified portfolio.
What Is a Commodity ETF?
A commodity ETF is an exchange-traded fund that specifically invests in commodities or companies involved in the extraction or production processing of commodities.
An ETF or exchange-traded fund combines features of mutual funds and stocks, in that they offer exposure to an underlying group of assets (e.g. stocks, bonds, derivatives). But unlike mutual funds, ETFs trade on an exchange.Whether you have broad or narrow exposure to commodities within a single ETF can depend on how it’s managed and its objectives.
Like other exchange-traded funds, commodity ETFs can be bought and sold inside a brokerage account. Each fund can have an expense ratio, which determines the cost of owning it annually, and brokerages may charge transaction fees when you buy or sell shares.
Commodity ETFs fall under the rubric of alternative investments, which also applies to private equity and hedge funds.
💡 Quick Tip: Alternative investments provide exposure to sectors outside traditional asset classes like stocks, bonds, and cash. Some of the most common types of alternative investments include commodities, real estate, foreign currency, private credit, private equity, collectibles, and hedge funds.
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How Do Commodity ETFs Work?
Commodity ETFs are pooled investments, with multiple investors owning shares. The fund manager determines which commodities the fund will hold and when to buy or sell holdings within the fund. When you buy shares of a commodity ETF, you invest in everything that’s held within the fund.
In many cases, that includes commodities futures contracts. A commodity futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell a set amount of a commodity at a future date for a specified price. That’s an advantage for investors who may be interested in trading futures but lack the know-how to do so.
A commodity ETF may follow an active or passive management strategy. Many commodity ETFs are structured as index funds. An index fund aims to track and match the performance of an underlying benchmark. These types of commodity ETFs are passively managed.
Actively-managed funds, by comparison, typically aim to outstrip market returns but may entail more risk to investors.
Types of Commodity ETFs
Commodity ETFs aren’t all designed with the same objectives in mind. There are different types of commodity ETFs you might invest in, depending on your goals, diversification needs, and risk tolerance.
Here are some of the most common ETF options commodities investors may choose from.
Physically Backed ETFs
A physically backed ETF physically holds the commodity or commodities it trades. For example, a physically backed ETF that invests in precious metals may store gold, silver, platinum, or palladium bars in a secure vault at a bank.
It’s more common for physically backed ETFs to hold hard commodities like precious metals, since these are relatively easy to transport and don’t have a shelf life expiration date. It’s less likely to see physically backed ETFs that invest in agricultural goods like wheat or corn, as they cannot be stored for extended periods.
Futures-Based ETFs
Futures-based ETFs invest in commodities futures contracts, rather than holding or storing physical commodities. That can reduce the overall management costs, resulting in lower expense ratios for investors.
A futures-based ETF may hold commodities contracts that are close to expiration, then roll them into new contracts before the expiration date. Depending on the price of the new futures contract, this strategy may result in a cost or gain for investors.
Commodity Company ETFs
Commodity company ETFs invest in companies that produce or process commodities. For example, this type of ETF may invest in oil and gas companies, cattle farming operations, or companies that operate palm oil plantations.
These types of commodity ETFs are similar to equity ETFs, since the investment is in the company rather than the commodity itself.
Examples of Commodity ETFs
Commodity ETFs are not always easily identifiable for investors who are new to this asset class. Here are some of the largest commodity ETF options with a focus on mitigating inflation.
• SPDR Gold Trust (GLD). SPDR Gold Trust is the largest physically backed gold ETF in the world. The ETF trades on multiple stock exchanges globally, including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
• Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLE). This commodity ETF invests in companies in the energy industry, including oil and gas companies, pipeline companies, and oilfield services providers.
• Invesco DB Agriculture Fund (DBA). The Invesco DB Agriculture Fund tracks changes in the DBIQ Diversified Agriculture Index Return, plus the interest income from the fund’s holdings. The index itself is composed of agricultural commodity futures.
• First Trust Global Tactical Commodity Strategy Fund (FTGC). This commodity ETF is an actively managed fund that offers exposure to energy commodities futures.
• Invesco Optimum Yield Diversified Commodity Strategy No K-1 ETF (PDBC). PDBC is another actively managed ETF that invests in commodity-linked futures and other financial instruments offering exposure to the most in-demand commodities worldwide.
Pros and Cons of Commodity ETFs
Commodity ETFs have pros and cons like any other investment. It’s helpful to weigh both sides when deciding whether this type of alternative investment aligns with your overall wealth-building strategy.
Pros
• Diversification. Commodity ETFs can offer a very different risk/return profile than traditional stocks or bonds. Commodities in general tend to have a low correlation with stocks, which can help spread out and manage risk in a portfolio.
• Inflationary protection. Commodities and inflation typically move in tandem. As the prices of consumer goods and services rise, commodity prices also rise. That can offer investors a hedge of sorts against the impacts of inflation.
• Access. Direct investment in commodities is generally out of reach for the everyday investor, as it may be quite difficult to hold large quantities of physical goods or raw materials. Commodity ETFs offer a simple and convenient package for investing in commodities without taking physical possession of underlying assets.
Cons
• Volatility. Compared with other investments, commodities can be much more susceptible to pricing fluctuations as supply and demand wax and wane. Unexpected events, such as a global drought or a war that threatens crop yields, can also catch investors off guard.
• No dividends. While some ETFs may generate current income for investors in the form of dividends, commodity ETFs typically do not. That could make them less attractive if you’re looking for an additional stream of passive income or are interested in reinvesting dividends to buy more shares.
• Cost. Physically backed ETFs may pay storage fees to hold underlying commodities. Those costs may be folded into the expense ratio, making the ETF more expensive for investors to own.
Why Invest in Commodity ETFs?
Commodity ETFs can be worth investing in for those who wish to hedge against inflation or generate positive returns when stocks appear to be faltering. They also represent a more accessible alternative to direct investment in commodities, which may be difficult for an individual investor to manage.
Investors who are already trading futures contracts or are learning how to do so may appreciate the accessibility that commodity ETFs can offer. Commodity ETFs tend to be highly liquid, meaning it’s relatively easy to buy and sell shares on an exchange, a feature other alternative investments don’t always share.
A commodity ETF may be less suitable for an investor who has a lower risk tolerance or isn’t knowledgeable about the commodities market or futures trading. Talking to a financial advisor can help you determine whether commodities are something you should be pursuing as part of your broader investment plan.
💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).
Tax Considerations When Holding Commodity ETFs
The type of commodity ETF you invest in can determine their tax treatment. Futures-based ETFs, for example, may experience losses or gains as contracts that are approaching expiration are replaced with new ones. Additionally, commodity ETFs that hold gold, silver, platinum, or palladium may be subject to a higher capital gains tax rate as the IRS considers precious metals to be collectibles.
Furthermore, the IRS 60/40 rule specifies that 60% of commodity capital gains or losses will be treated as long-term, while 40% are treated as short-term capital gains or losses for tax purposes. This rule does not consider how long you hold the investments, which could make commodity ETFs less favorable for investors who hold assets for one year or more.
It’s also important to be aware of how a commodity ETF is structured legally. Many operate as limited partnerships (LPs), which means they pass on annual income and gains or losses as a return of capital. Investors bear the responsibility of reporting their portion of fund profits and losses on Schedule K-1. If you’re not familiar with how to do so, that could add another wrinkle to your year-end tax prep.
The Takeaway
Adding a commodity ETF or two to your portfolio may appeal to you if you’re hoping to add some diversification to your holdings, and are comfortable with a potentially more volatile investment. When deciding which commodity ETFs to invest in, it’s wise to consider the underlying investments and the fund’s overall management strategy, as well as the fees you’ll pay to own it.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
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FAQ
Why is it risky to invest in commodities?
Commodities can be volatile. Commodity prices depend on supply and demand, which can change dramatically owing to weather patterns, technological innovations, supply chain issues, and more.
Do commodity ETFs pay dividends?
Commodity ETFs typically don’t pay dividends to investors, regardless of which type of ETF you have. The goal of investing in commodity ETFs is more often capital appreciation rather than current income.
Is it better to trade physical commodities or ETFs?
For most investors, trading raw material commodities simply isn’t feasible. There are issues of transport, storage, insurance, and liquidity. For that reason, commodity ETFs have emerged to give investors exposure to desired commodities without the physical demands.
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An expense ratio is how much it costs to operate a fund compared to the total value of its assets. The lower expense ratios between 0.5% and 0.75% are ideal.
An expense ratio compares the cost of managing a fund to the total value of a fund’s assets. Mutual funds are like businesses—people actively manage your investment to maximize gains and minimize losses. These management fees and operation costs get passed on to you, the shareholder.
Understanding expense ratios and how they work is vital for anyone looking to add mutual funds to their investment portfolio. We’ll explore how expense ratios can affect your investment returns and share several helpful resources, like our investing guide.
Key Takeaways:
Expense ratios exist because of a fund’s management costs.
The closer an expense ratio is to 0, the more money you’ll save.
A high expense ratio can dramatically reduce your return on investment.
What Is a Good Expense Ratio?
Determining a fund’s expense ratio is relatively simple. Take a fund’s total operating expenses and divide that by the fund’s net asset value (NAV). For example, if a fund has $500,000 in expenses and $50 million in assets, it would have a 1% expense ratio.
Because expense ratios are percentages, even seemingly small numbers can have big impacts. Going back to the previous example, a $50 million fund with a 2% expense ratio would have a total of $1,000,000 in expenses.
Ideally, a good expense ratio would be as close to 0% as possible. We recommend looking for funds that have expense ratios between 0.5% and 0.75%, which would be beneficial to investing beginners and experts alike.
What Is a Bad Expense Ratio?
A bad expense ratio could be any percentage over 1%, according to conventional wisdom. Percentages affect larger numbers at an increasingly noticeable rate. For example, 1% of 100 is 1, but 1% of 10,000 is 100. This effect becomes more drastic as the percentage increases; e.g., 2.5% of 10,000 is 250.
As previously mentioned, we recommend looking for funds with expense ratios between 0.5 to 0.75% at most. Should you commit to an investment with a higher ratio, expect your total gross to be lower.
Why Are Expense Ratios Important?
Knowing the fees associated with anything you’re paying for is essential when investing. A higher expense ratio will reduce your returns, while lower ratios can help you invest in multiple funds easily. Even if you aren’t investing millions of dollars, expense ratios will add up for any investor over the long term.
Below are two examples of investments with different ratios:
$10,000 goes to a fund with a 1% expense ratio.
$10,000 goes to a fund with a 1.25% expense ratio.
If you initially invest $10,000 into a mutual fund and contribute $0 annually over a period of 10 years, your gross ending value would be $19,671.51 with $1,763.03 in fees if you have a 1% expense ratio. With a 1.25% expense ratio, a similar investment would result in a gross ending value of $19,671.51 with a total cost of $2,180.95 in fees.
Although the fees may seem small in the short term, there are always long-term effects to consider. Now, imagine the difference in your investments when you keep contributing! Personal finance courses can also help you understand these seemingly small factors much better.
How Does Expense Ratio Affect My Investment?
A high expense ratio can significantly impact your return on investment (ROI) and potentially offset any gains you might’ve experienced. In the examples above, we explored two investments that didn’t consider future contributions.
This normally isn’t the case—investors are encouraged to invest more money in a fund over time. While these added investments will increase your gross return, they’ll also increase the management costs of your investment.
How Do I Know a Fund’s Expense Ratio?
When looking up any fund, you’ll typically find details about its attributes. It’s easy to overlook a fund’s expense ratio if money-making aspects are top of mind. In these instances, managing expectations is key. Using a brokerage account is an easy way to gain realistic insight into a fund’s expense ratio.
Another way to find the expense ratio is to find the fund’s prospectus. A prospectus is an overview of a fund’s investments. It needs to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and sent to investors each year. Here, you’ll find a section detailing any fees associated with a fund—including its expense ratio.
Investors receive a fund’s prospectus annually, so carefully search through your email if you believe it’s missing. Brokerage firms normally provide the prospectus when you research their website as well. Finally, you can go directly to a funds website, if available, and you’ll also be able to find the prospectus there.
If all else fails, harness the internet. A quick and simple search for a stock ticker plus the words “expense ratio” will quickly uncover the information you need.
Can You Avoid Expense Ratios?
Any fund you invest in will have operating expenses, so expense ratios are part and parcel with mutual funds. However, you can find funds with relatively low fees. It’s also important to consider the type of fund and strategy you want.
Mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and index funds are three of the best investments at your disposal.
Mutual funds and ETFs are actively managed funds, meaning that brokers actively make trades on your behalf. An active fund typically comes with higher expense ratios as it’s more expensive to research and make trades constantly.
Index fund investing is more of a passive investment. Indexes are diversified and aim to track a particular section of the stock market or the whole thing, like the Dow Jones Industrial Average or S&P 500 index. These funds typically have a low portfolio turnover and are rebalanced far less than their actively managed counterparts.
Many firms such as Vanguard Group, Fidelity Investments, or T. Rowe Price will have index funds specific to their brokerage accounts with even lower rates as well.
Which Investment Strategy Should I Use?
A major part of your investment strategy is choosing how active or passive you want to be. According to a financial study from 2022, actively managed funds don’t typically outperform index funds over time (Sommer). With the higher fees and similar returns, passive investing makes sense for most of us. Index investing allows us to put our money in an index fund and forget about it.
However, actively managed mutual funds can outperform index funds in the short term. If you want to take on a more active investing role overall, you can manually review and rebalance your portfolio. But, keep in mind that short-term investing can be risky and result in a large loss of funds. Make sure you are ready to put in effort consistently and be aware of your total expenses.
You can always take on a hybrid investment portfolio. You can invest most of your money with index funds while investing in a few mutual funds for higher gains. Diversification is always an effective way to generate income from a portfolio.
Up Your Personal Finance Knowledge With Credit.com
Expense ratios help us understand the costs of investing in a fund. Before you buy shares, increase your understanding of the fees associated with a fund and general personal finance concepts.
Credit.com offers a wealth of personal finance resources to help you better understand investment concepts and strategies. When deciding which type of investment you want to make, it helps to know all you can about the types of funds within your reach and their true expenses.
Mutual funds and index funds are similar in many ways, but there are some key differences that investors need to understand to effectively implement them into an investment strategy. Those differences might include investing style, associated fees and taxes, and how they work.
The choice between an index fund and an actively managed mutual fund can be a hard one, especially for investors who are unsure of the distinction. The differences between index funds and other mutual funds are actually few — but may be important, depending on the investor.
What’s the Difference between Index Funds and Mutual Funds?
Index funds and mutual funds are similar in many ways, but they do differ in some others, such as how they work, associated costs, and investment style. 💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.
How They Work
Index funds are a type of mutual fund, interestingly enough. Index funds are distinguished by their investing approach: Index funds invest in an index, and only change the securities they hold when the index changes, or to realign their holdings to better match the index they invest in.
Rather than rely on a portfolio manager’s instincts and experience, an index fund tracks a particular index. There are benchmark indexes across all of the different asset classes, including stocks, bonds, currencies, and commodities. As an example, the S&P 500® Index tracks the stocks of 500 of the leading companies in the United States.
An index fund aims to mirror the performance of a given benchmark index by investing in the same companies with similar weights. With these funds, it’s not about beating the market, it’s about tracking it, and as such, index funds typically follow a passive investment strategy, known as a buy-and-hold strategy.
A mutual fund is an investment that holds a collection — or portfolio — of securities, such as stocks and bonds. The “mutual” part of the name has to do with the structure of the fund, in that all of its investors mutually combine their funds in this one shared portfolio.
Mutual funds are also called ’40 Act funds, as they were created in 1940 by an act of Congress that was designed to correct some of the investment abuses that led to the Stock Market Crash of 1929. It created a regulatory framework for offering and maintaining mutual funds, including requirements for filings, service charges, financial disclosures, and the fiduciary duties of investment companies.
To get people to invest, the portfolio managers of a given mutual fund offer a unique investment perspective or strategy. That could mean investing in tech stocks, or only investing in the fund manager’s five best ideas, or investing in a few thousand stocks at once, or only in gold-mining stocks, and so on.
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Fees and Taxes
There may be different associated costs with index funds and mutual funds as well.
Mutual-fund managers generally charge investors a management fee, which comes from the assets of the fund. Those fees vary widely, but an active manager will generally charge more, as they have to pay the salaries of analysts, researchers, and the stock pickers themselves. Passive managers of index funds, on the other hand, simply have to pay to license the use of an index.
An actively-managed mutual fund may charge an expense ratio (which includes the management fee) of 0.5% to 0.75%, and sometimes as high as 1.5%. But for index funds, that expense ratio is typically much lower — often around 0.2%, and as low as 0.02% for some funds.
Investing Style
The two also differ on a basic level in that index funds are a passive investing vehicle and mutual funds are typically actively managed. That means that investors who want to take a hands-off approach may find index funds a more suitable choice, whereas investors who want a guiding hand in their portfolio may be more attracted to mutual funds.
Mutual Funds vs. Index Funds: Key Differences
Mutual Funds
Index Funds
Overseen by a fund manager
Track a market index
May have higher associated costs
Typically has lower associated costs
Active investing
Passive investing
Index vs Mutual Fund: Which is Best for You?
There’s no telling whether an index or mutual fund is better for you — it’ll depend on specific factors relevant to your specific situation and goals.
When deciding how to invest, everyone has their own unique approach. If an investor believes in the expertise and human touch of a fund manager or team of professionals, then an actively managed fund like a mutual fund may be the right fit. While no one beats the market every year, some funds can potentially outperform the broader market for long stretches.
But for those individuals who want to invest in the markets and not think about it, then the broad exposure — and lower fees — offered by index funds may make more sense. Investing in index funds tends to work best when you hold your money in the funds for a longer period of time, or use a dollar-cost-average strategy, where you invest consistently over time to take advantage of both high and low points. 💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
The Takeaway
Index funds and mutual funds are similar investment vehicles, but there are some key differences which include how they’re managed, costs associated with them, and how they function at a granular level.
The choice between index funds and other mutual funds is one with decades of debate behind it. For individuals who prefer the expertise of a hands-on professional or team buying and selling assets within the fund, a mutual fund may be preferred. For investors who’d rather their fund passively track an index — without worrying about “beating the market” — an index fund might be the way to go.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.
FAQ
Do index funds outperform mutual funds?
Actively-managed funds, such as mutual funds, tend to underperform the market as a whole over time. That’s to say that most of the time, a broad index fund may be more likely to outperform a mutual fund.
Do people prefer index funds over mutual funds, or mutual funds over index funds?
The types of funds that investors prefer to invest in depends completely on their own financial situation and investment goals. But some investors may prefer index funds over mutual funds due to their hands-off, passive approach and lower associated costs.
Are mutual funds riskier than index funds?
Mutual funds may be riskier than index funds, but it depends on the specific funds being compared — mutual funds do tend to be more expensive than index funds, and tend to underperform the market at large, too.
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
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Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn investment and tax strategies to help you achieve financial security and prepare for a prosperous retirement.
How can you balance saving for emergencies and investing for the future? What strategies can you employ to maximize your tax benefits and build a secure financial future? NerdWallet’s Kim Palmer and Alana Benson discuss investment strategies and tax planning to help you understand how to navigate your financial journey effectively. They begin with a discussion of investment strategies, with tips and tricks on understanding different investment accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, leveraging compound interest, and the importance of starting investments early. Then, Alana discusses tax planning and filing in-depth, covering the intricacies of different tax forms like W-4s and W-2s, the significance of estimated taxes for freelancers, and strategies for managing capital gains taxes.
Kim and Alana delve into retirement planning and the challenges of active versus passive investing. They provide a framework for prioritizing your finances, emphasizing the creation of an emergency fund, taking advantage of employer 401(k) matches, and understanding the role of asset allocation based on age and risk tolerance. Additionally, they tackle the decision-making process in personal finance, such as choosing between paying off debt and investing, and the pros and cons of having a financial advisor.
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Hey listener, we’ve got a special episode in store for you today. Our investing and tax Nerds recently hosted a webinar going deep into how you can level up your investing and tax strategy. So we packaged that up into a podcast episode for you. The Nerds talk about what you need to know about different investing accounts, how to get help with your taxes and more. So here’s the webinar.
Kim Palmer:
Welcome everyone. I am Kim Palmer. I’m a personal finance writer at NerdWallet where we help people make smart decisions. One important note, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. NerdWallet Inc is not an investment advisor or broker and does not provide personal financial advisory services. Today we are excited to talk to you about the basics of investing and taxes and we think we have some helpful info to share with you. You can always find more at nerdwallet.com or on the NerdWallet app. Our goal today is to kick off a helpful discussion about investing and tax information and tools. Alana Benson writes about investing topics including stocks, funds, and ethical investing. And now I will hand it over to Alana.
Alana Benson:
Thanks Kim. Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So before we start, I just want to say a couple of things that often get forgotten when we’re talking about investing. So first, investing usually comes second to some other goals. If you’re having a hard time paying for necessities or you don’t have an emergency fund, it’s really important to focus on those things before we even start worrying about investing. Second, instead of scrimping, try to increase your income. So I didn’t start investing until I was in my late 20s, and that’s because one, I didn’t work at NerdWallet yet, so I literally didn’t know anything. And two, I was making around $25,000 a year, so I didn’t have much expendable income. And when you don’t have extra income, it’s really hard to prioritize investing and it just might not even be a good idea to do that.
When I started making more money, it was suddenly a lot more possible for me to invest for retirement. So if it’s possible for you and you want to be investing more, look for jobs that will pay you more or look into side hustles, but cutting back on your streaming services probably will not save you enough money for retirement. And finally, if you don’t have the money to invest now, that’s totally fine. Some people have serious money anxieties and others just don’t have the cash. Whatever your reason is, don’t stress too much about it. Just keep learning and when you’re able to, you can start investing. So why do we invest? What is the point of all this? And the answer is that it’s because we like money and that’s okay. There’s no shame in admitting it, I like money, most people like money. It’s because money isn’t just money. It’s not like Scrooge McDuck diving into pools of money and buying Maseratis. It’s not that.
It’s about not being stressed about your money all the time and it’s about being able to buy everything that you need and some stuff that you want comfortably without having money stress take up all of your energy. Money allows us to thrive instead of just survive and investing helps you make more money than you could ever possibly make just by working at a job. So okay, what actually is investing? This whole process is very strange. Okay. Investing is the process of money that you already have making additional money for you. And this works through what’s called compound interest. Compound interest means that your gains get a little bit bigger every year and that’s also why starting when you’re younger gives you a huge advantage and more money in the long run. So for example, you just start at that little number one in the box up there. Say you buy an investment for $100, if it goes up the average stock market return of 10%, it could then be worth $110, meaning that you’ve made $10.
Then that $10 that you earned also starts earning compound interest on top of the $100 you initially invested. That doesn’t sound like much of a profit, but imagine if you were doing it with way larger amounts of money over a way longer period of time. Now that 10% is an annualized rate, which means that you’re not going to get 10% every single year. In all likelihood, some years you’re going to finish up, some years you’ll finish down. But over the course of decades when you average all that out, you tend to get about 10%. The way you actually start investing is through an investing account. And there’s a couple of different types, but the type of investment account you have is actually really, really important because a lot of them have some pretty significant tax benefits that you want to take advantage of. So you’ve got your 401(k)s and these are offered through your employer. You add money to it and sometimes your employer matches it. So it’s basically free money. If you have a 401(k), you’ll likely choose your investments from a pre-selected list or a fund that will automatically adjust itself over time.
So this means 401(k)s are typically very hands off. IRAs on the other hand are investment accounts that you open up yourself. IRAs can be opened online through brokerages and actually at a lot of large banks, they also do that. So it’s likely you can open up an investment account just through your bank. Unlike with a 401(k), IRAs you’ll have to choose your own investments in those accounts. You may have heard about a thing called a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) and it’s good if you know the difference. So with a Roth, you pay taxes on your money now just like any other money that you earn and then the money you have invested inside that account grows tax-free and you can take it out tax-free in retirement. With a traditional IRA or 401(k), the money you contribute today is pre-tax.
So that is you get to deduct it from your income taxes this year. So it’s like a nice little treat this year, but then when you cash it out in retirement, you’ll owe income taxes on it. This is really, really important. I’ve seen a lot of people make this mistake. Your investment account is not an investment, so a Roth IRA, a 401(k), not an investment. So if you have a Roth IRA, that’s great, but that doesn’t mean you’re actually invested in anything. So you fund your investment account and then you buy investments from there. But I’ve heard of people opening a Roth IRA, putting in a bunch of money and then wondering why it didn’t grow over the last 10 years. So you have to purchase investments for your money to actually grow and if you don’t do it, you’ll miss out on all of those years of growth, so very important.
And there’s a couple different types of investments that you can choose from once you open and fund your investment account. So you’ve got stocks, I’m sure everyone’s heard of that, these are shares of ownership in companies and the way you make money from them is if they go up in value and some pay you a cut of the company’s profits on a regular basis. Then you’ve got bonds. This is when you loan money to companies or the government and they pay you interest. Funds, now these are very exciting because they’re basically just baskets of stocks and bonds that you buy all at once. So a fund is still a stock or bond based investment depending on the type of fund that you get. And there’s a lot of different kinds such as index funds or exchange traded funds and mutual funds, but they’re all collections of investments that you buy at one time.
And I think funds are pretty awesome because if you own a stock and that company goes out of business, you lose all of your money. But if you invest in a fund that covers 100 stocks and that same stock goes out of business, your investment is buoyed up by the other 99 companies. So again, all of these investments, stocks, bonds and funds, you buy them from your investment account and then you own them in there. All right, so let’s talk about the stock market, it’s this weird nebulous term that’s hard to understand. But the stock market is just where people buy and sell investments, but now people just trade investments online. So the stock market is made up of several what are called market indexes. Now these are basically just predetermined lists of companies and the performance of that overall list can tell us a lot about the health of the US economy.
So for example, the S&P 500, something you probably have all heard of, that’s just the list of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US and it includes companies like Apple and Amazon. So when we say the stock market is down today, that means that on average most of those companies aren’t doing well. And you can’t invest in the literal stock market, but you can invest in funds that include all the same investments. So these are called index funds because they track a market index. So again, if you have an S&P 500 index fund, it should perform pretty closely to how the S&P 500 itself is actually performing. The S&P 500 goes up 10% a year on average and 6.5% after inflation. And this is just an average, so some years the market goes up more, some years it goes down less, but when done well, investing can potentially mean doubling your money every few years for doing basically nothing, which is my favorite way of earning money, by doing nothing. It’s great.
So let’s talk strategy. This is all about the way that you invest, when you put your money in and when you take your money out. So passive investing is where you buy that S&P 500 index fund and you keep adding money into it until you retire. It’s very boring, but it’s effective. So it can give you that 10% return on average over the long haul, but a lot of people want to make more than that 10%, and they do so by actively buying and selling stocks, crypto options and other high risk investments. They try to predict when they’ll be low, then they buy them and then they turn around and try to sell them when they’re high. So these people are called active traders or day traders. Only 20% of active traders make money over a six-month period. That is not a lot of people.
There have been a lot of studies over the years that show that active investing is a way less lucrative fashion than boring old passive investing with that index fund. Plus active investing is a lot more work, you have to do all kinds of research and you keep an eye on the markets and you can hypothetically earn more by actively trading versus passively earning the same amount as that historical return of 10%. But most people end up making less when they actually try it, and that’s because people are really bad at predicting things. And in order to make money on the overall stock market over the long term, you have to be really good at predicting things all the time. So maybe you make it big on one stock, but the odds of that happening again and again are very low. So let’s put all of this information together, the accounts, the actual investments and the strategy.
Here’s how financial advisors suggest you prioritize your money when you’re starting to invest. So the first thing you want to do is you’re not actually going to invest at all. The first thing is that you’re going to have an emergency fund. So this is money that you won’t actually put in the stock market, and that’s because when your money is invested, its value can change day by day. So say you have $1,000 and you want to use it for an emergency fund, but you invest it, when you have to fix something on your car suddenly, you go to check your money and its value could be $600 instead of $1,000 and that’s not good. If you put it in a high yield savings account, you can access that money at any time without risking its value. Plus right now the interest rates are really high.
So your money could be earning 4 to 5% just by sitting there. So next, you want to get that 401(k) match if it’s available to you because it’s free money. After that, it’s a good idea to look into IRAs. Both IRAs and 401(k)s have what’s called a contribution limit, which is just the maximum amount of money you can put in each of them every year. If you’re able to max out an IRA, then it’s a good call to move back to your 401(k). And the reason you switch around like that is because of the way the tax benefit works. So it’s likely more beneficial to invest in an IRA over a 401(k) if you’ve already gotten your match, if you have to choose between the two. Then if you max out your 401(k), you can move to a standard brokerage account. And this is not a list of everything you have to be doing right now.
You might be thinking, “Whoa, maxing out an IRA is $6,500, I cannot afford that”, and that is totally fine. So I like to picture it as a waterfall. So when you fill up your emergency fund, then you can start working on getting that 401(k) match. Only after that bucket is full should you then move on to investing in an IRA and so on. And wherever you’re at in your bucket filling journey is okay. It’s just nice to know what to do next when you’re ready for it. So we already talked about what accounts to invest from and the investments you can buy, but then do you just start buying a bunch of index funds or stocks or bonds? How do you know how much of each investment to get? And that is all about risk tolerance. And to understand that we have to understand how risk works over time.
If you’re investing for retirement and you’re in your 20s now, that means you have a ton of time for your investments to grow and then drop dramatically and then rise back up. So financial advisors would say you can afford to take on a bit more risk, AKA invest in riskier investments, because you have time for your investments to bounce back. Now, if you’re investing for your retirement and you’re 65, you don’t want to risk all the money you’ve been investing for years and years because you’re going to actually need to use it to pay for stuff in retirement pretty soon, so you want to protect it. And figuring out how much of each investment you should have is a fancy term called asset allocation, but it just means how much of your portfolio is in which of these investments.
And age is just a number, but typically when you’re younger, you may be able to afford to take more risk because you have more time for the stock market highs and lows to even out. So stocks, and okay, remember index funds and mutual funds are often made up of stocks so those count too, but those tend to carry more risk than investments like bonds. And an example of a 20-year-old’s investment portfolio, which includes all of your accounts so your 401(k), your Roth IRA, all of that together, that could be 100% stocks. And that’s fairly risky, but those 20 year olds are not going to retire for a long time. Now, a 65-year-old might have way more bonds because they don’t want to risk all that money they’ve earned over time. And one thing some investors do to mitigate risk is to slowly shift their asset allocation from high risk investments to low risk investments over time.
And again, I’m not a financial advisor and this is not personalized investment advice, but how much of each investment it’s good to have will usually depend on how much risk you are willing to take. And an investment portfolio can be really simple or really complicated. So you could have that one S&P 500 index fund and you purchase it from a Roth IRA, and that’s just all you do. Just if you want to keep it really simple or you can make it more complicated. So maybe you explore several stock-based funds such as international stocks and healthcare stocks and technology stocks, and you could invest in those types through a fund. So instead of buying 30 technology stocks, you just have one technology stock fund, then a small slice in bonds, and then an even smaller slice is crypto or other high risk investments. Though financial advisors have varying opinions on the safety of crypto.
So keep in mind, this is just an example and not necessarily what you should do personally, but it is really helpful to look up asset allocation portfolios through an online brokerage and see what they recommend for your specific age and when you plan on retiring. You can also talk with a financial advisor who can help guide you through those decisions. And investing is great because it can help you earn wealth, which you could spend on a boat, but more than likely one of your biggest investing goals will be retirement. And the sad truth is that in some things like retirement, they just cost so much that you’ll probably never afford them just by putting money in a savings account. And that’s why we say we have to invest for retirement. And the truth is that most people just aren’t saving enough for retirement.
So you’ll probably have a lot of expenses and you have to pay for that in retirement and some of it’s necessary like food or housing or medical care and some of it is travel or bucket list stuff, but you may not be working anymore or at least not as much as you were. And once you factor in inflation, it’s likely that a dollar today will be worth way less when you’re in retirement. And saving for retirement has gotten even more difficult because you can’t necessarily afford to live on social security. Medicare doesn’t always pay for your health needs and pensions aren’t really as common as they used to be. And because of all this, it’s really important to start investing for retirement sooner rather than later.
And if you’re early in your career, it might seem silly to worry about retiring right now, but if you start investing sooner, you actually spend less on retirement than if you start investing later in life overall and that’s because of compound interest. So our retirement calculator shows that if you start putting away $100 per month, that could grow to nearly $400,000 in 35 years. And it’s always good to know how much you should be trying to invest. When you have a long-term goal in mind, you want to know what that number is. So a retirement calculator can be a big help to figure that out, including NerdWallet’s retirement calculator. No shame, I’m going to plug it, but some financial advisors recommend saving 15% of your pre-tax income for retirement. So okay, let’s break that down. What does that look like?
So if you make $100,000 a year, again just because easy math, that would be $15,000 annually that you’re trying to save for retirement. But if you had a 5% match on your 401(k), you’d already be saving $10,000 a year between the $5,000 you make and the $5,000 your employer puts in. And then if you contributed another $5,000 to your Roth IRA, you’d already meet your target goal of saving $15,000 a year for retirement. You should also think about how much you can make during those peak earning years. If you’re younger, what career are you looking to have? You can look up what those wages tend to look like on a site like Glassdoor or ask someone in your life who is in that career path, and maybe do that tactfully because you’re asking about money. But figuring out what you want to be when you grow up may not be something you want to think about right now.
But to be honest, I studied English in college and no one told me about my job prospects. I figured that I would have to write a super famous book or be a teacher and you don’t have to have everything figured out now, but it doesn’t hurt to see how much a potential field could earn and figure out what careers are open to you. And just keep in mind that relationship between your earnings and investing like we talked about in the beginning. And if you’re later in your career, it is harder to take advantage of compound interest, but some of those investment accounts have those catch up contributions that we talked about so you’re able to contribute more after a certain age. Thank you all so much for listening to me talk very fast for a long time, and now I will hand it back over to Kim to talk about taxes. Thanks so much.
Kim Palmer:
Great, thank you so much, Alana. That was great. Someone actually asked in a pre-submitted question, “Why do I have to pay taxes?” Well, here is why. Taxes are used to pay for a lot of different things like clean water, roads, schools, healthcare, and the military. And your tax return is due every year in mid-April to the IRS. We’ll talk a little bit later about what to do if you need an extension, but in general that is the deadline. But first, let’s back up a little bit. When you file taxes, there is so much paperwork. One really important one is the W-4. That is the document that your employer asks you to fill out when you start a new job. And it plays a really big role in telling your employer how much in taxes to take out of each paycheck. It asks you things like your filing status, dependents, how much tax to withhold, and if you get a really big tax bill or a big refund, then you might want to go back and revisit your W-4 just to make sure you’re withholding enough but not too much.
There’s also the W-2, which is a document that your employer sends you to summarize how much in total they took out of your paycheck the previous year, and you’ll need to reference all those numbers when you file your tax return. If you are self-employed or you work a side hustle, then taxes won’t be automatically withheld from your paycheck, and that means you might have to pay something called estimated taxes, which is typically four times a year. In January, you’ll get something called a 1099 form that outlines how much money any company paid you, and then you’ll use that information when you file your return. And then finally, the 1040 is the main form you use when you file taxes, and we’ll drop a link in the chat for more about that. Okay, so you have all of your forms set. How do you actually file your taxes?
You can do it yourself through the IRS. You can use an online tax prep software or you can use a tax professional like an accountant or a tax preparer. If you do it on your own, you can either use paper forms or get access to brand name tax prep software through an IRS service called Free File. But it’s important to know that only people who make below a certain income qualify for the Free File program. If you use tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block or NerdWallet Taxes powered by Column Tax, many of these providers use a Q&A style to help you do your taxes and some even offer paid upgrades that connect you directly to a tax professional. If your finances are really complicated and you want some extra help, then you can also work with a tax preparer such as a certified public accountant.
You do want to make sure to ask them lots of questions and check their credentials before you agree to share your financial information. And you also want to check to see if they have a prepared tax identification number, which is an ID that’s required for anyone who files tax returns for compensation. The US does not have a flat tax system, and that means that portions of your income can be taxed at different rates. There are currently seven tax rates for federal income taxes that run from 10% to 37%. And which tax rate applies to you depends on your income and your filing status. So you might hear people say, “I’m in the 12% bracket” or “I’m in the 22% bracket”, but being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay that tax rate on everything you make. And in reality, people’s income can fall into several different tax brackets depending on how much they make.
Portions or chunks of your income are taxed at different rates and some of those different taxes are then added together. So for example, some of your income could be taxed at a rate of 10%, another chunk could be at 12%. The more you make, the higher the tax rate might be on some of your income. And depending on the state where you pay your income taxes, you might pay a flat rate or a progressive rate similar to the federal structure. A small handful of states have no state income tax. If you want to pay less, you can look for tax breaks. Tax credits and tax deductions are two tools that can help you potentially minimize your tax bill, but they do work in different ways. Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. As a simplified example, a $25,000 tax deduction on $100,000 of taxable income means that only $75,000 of that income will get taxed.
Tax credits directly reduce your tax bill by the value of their credit. So this means if you owe $2,000 in taxes and you’re eligible for a $1,000 tax credit, you’ll end up owing $1,000. Tax credits tend to be more valuable because they have the potential to pack a bigger punch, so you definitely want to try to take all the tax credits you qualify for, and you could even get money back if a credit is refundable. Common tax credits include the earned income tax credit, the child tax credit, the lifetime learning credit, and the American opportunity credit and savers credit.
All right, I alluded to this at the beginning, but what happens if you’re not going to be ready by mid-April? What do you do? If you know you won’t be able to file on time before tax day, you can file for a free extension with the IRS and that gives you until mid-October to file your return. But you want to make sure that at least 90% of what you think you’ll owe in April is covered by an estimated tax payment or your withholdings. Otherwise, the IRS can hit you with a penalty for late payment. The failure to pay penalty is really no joke. It’s 0.5% of your unpaid taxes each month your payment is late plus interest. If you file late and you did not file an extension, you could also get hit with a failure to file penalty, which is 5% of your unpaid taxes each month that your payment is late. There is some good-ish news, if you file late but you don’t owe anything, you won’t get penalized but that doesn’t mean you’re not still obligated to file.
If you don’t, the IRS could file a return on your behalf and you might miss out on a refund if you’re owed one. And if your tax bill is so high that you can’t pay it off, you do have options. You can set up a long-term or short-term payment plan with the IRS.
I know that was a whole lot of information and taxes can seem scary, but we break down lots of popular tax questions and terms on nerdwallet.com. We have some time to address some pre-submitted questions from the audience ranging from about Roth IRAs to the pros and cons of having a financial advisor. And I do want to give a reminder here as we answer these questions that we are not tax or investing advisors. We are writers who focus on these fields and what we say is not investing or tax advice. So with that said, let’s dive into these questions. A question that came to us in an email was: how do you choose between paying off credit card debt and investing in saving for emergencies?
I really love this question because I think it speaks to some of the biggest challenges of personal finance, navigating these choices. And the answer is it’s really up to you. Many financial advisors say that the first step is to create a starter emergency fund, and you can read more in our article that we’ll link to, Should I Pay Off Debt Or Save? And you’ll see most people think about saving $500 to $1,000 first and then after that to consider contributing enough to a workplace retirement plan if they have access to one, and then contributing 3% to 5% of income to an IRA or a Roth IRA. And then financial advisors say people can consider focusing on paying off high interest debt and amp up investing efforts once they have paid that off. And now Alana, I’ll turn over to you. Perhaps you can answer the questions about Roth IRAs.
Alana Benson:
Absolutely. So a couple folks were wondering, before we went over everything, what a Roth IRA is and how does it work and when is it worth it to open one? So we already covered this a little bit, but again, it’s an individual retirement account and it lets you contribute money that you’ve already paid taxes on. So think about when you get your paycheck. That money has already had taxes taken out of it. So once you hit age 59 and a half and you have held the Roth IRA for at least five years, you can withdraw your contributions and any earnings, which is a fancy word for money that you earn from investing, without paying taxes again. And whether it’s worth it is up to you, especially if you’re trying to decide between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA because it’s about when you pay those taxes and if you have a traditional IRA, you do get that tax break right now.
So that’s a personal decision. But you can also take out money tax-free from your Roth IRA later in life. So if that’s something that you are really trying to parse out, it might be good to talk to a financial advisor because they can help you with that question. We had two other questions. The first one is: how do you calculate how much money to put in your Roth IRA if you make over the maximum amount? So we didn’t actually cover this, so Roth IRAs do have income limits, but there is something called a Backdoor Roth that lets you contribute money first to a traditional IRA, pay taxes on it and then roll that money into a Roth IRA. And then our last question is: what are the pros and cons of having a financial advisor and how do you find one?
This is such a good question. The pros and cons really depend on your situation. The catchall term ‘financial advisor’ is used to describe a wide variety of people and services, including investment managers, financial consultants, financial planners. First and foremost, you always want to verify a financial professional because financial advisor doesn’t require people to be vetted. Certain things like a certified financial planner or a CFP, those actually have a very high level of education and have a certification that you can verify online. So anyone that you are talking about money with, you want to make sure that you are vetting them. And some of these people can just talk to you about your finances and some of them can actually manage your investments for you if you want that. Financial advisors, depending on the kind that you choose, can be pretty expensive. A robo-advisor is like an AI version of a financial advisor.
You just set up an account for one and then they charge you a pretty modest fee. And based on your age and your risk tolerance, it will manage your investments for you. An online financial advisor can offer more services and you can actually talk to a human being, but those do tend to cost a little bit more. And then you could go to an in-person financial advisor, depending on their credentials, that might cost even more, but sometimes it’s really nice to talk to somebody that you know and you can grow that relationship with them over time.
Kim Palmer:
Great. Thank you, Alana. And I think, actually, I can squeeze in one more question that we received. How do taxes work with investment accounts? How much do we set aside so we aren’t surprised by a tax bill? Which is a great question. If you’re selling stocks from a brokerage investment account, then you should be aware of three words, capital gains taxes. Those are the taxes you’ll pay when you sell assets for profit. Assets that you have owned for more than a year are subject to long-term capital gains tax, and the capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less are subject to short-term capital gains. If you regularly trade stocks or other investments, you might be subject to short-term capital gains.
Those profits are taxed as ordinary income based on your tax brackets, which we went over before. Your final tax bill depends on a number of different factors. If you don’t want to be surprised, estimate what you’ll owe using tools such as a tax calculator or IRS worksheets. If needed, consider setting aside enough to cover the tax bill or paying estimated taxes and as always, your specific situation will differ and we are not tax professionals. We hope that you enjoyed this webinar and learned something today. If you’d like to get even more clarity on your finances and continue learning with NerdWallet, consider signing up for an account with us at nerdwallet.com. Thank you so much for joining us.
Sean Pyles: And that’s all we have for this episode. To send the Nerds your money questions, call or text us on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. This webinar episode was produced by Alikay Wood, Sheri Gordon, and me. We had editing help from Liz Weston, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help. And with that said, until next time, turn the Nerds.