Higher education is rapidly becoming a necessity. Degree holders have better odds in the job market, and the right degree is a great way to follow a passion and make yourself marketable at the same time.
But the costs of college and graduate school are only climbing upward. In order to afford your dreams, you may have to join the 45 million Americans who have student loans.
Borrowing to pay for an education is a definite financial risk, but it can be affordable and manageable if you do it wisely. Ultimately only you can make a decision —and preferably a highly considered decision — about whether you should go into debt to advance your education.
What’s Ahead:
What Are Student Loans?
Student loans are sums of money you borrow for your education and then pay back over time — in most cases, with interest.
Loans will often be part of your financial aid offer from the school you attend. Look for grants and scholarships first, since those don’t have to be repaid. But if you don’t get a full ride, loans can make up the difference.
Types of Student Loans
In the U.S., there are two categories of student loans: federal and private.
How Do Federal Student Loans Work?
Federal student loans are offered by the federal government, and they account for about 92% of student loan debt in the United States.
There are different types of federal student loans available to different types of students, with varying loan terms.
Direct Subsidized Loans
With a subsidized loan, the government pays the interest while you’re in school and during any periods of deferment (“subsidizing” your education by offsetting the cost). Subsidized loans are available only to undergraduates with demonstrated financial need. The amount is capped to only cover your financial need, as determined by the FAFSA.
Direct Unsubsidized Loans
With an unsubsidized loan, the borrower is responsible for any interest that accrues while they’re in school and afterward. Unsubsidized loans are available to any undergraduate or graduate student. The amount is determined by the cost of attendance at your school and any other aid you’re receiving.
You may hear Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans referred to as Stafford Loans.
Read more: Subsidized vs. Unsubsidized Loans
Direct PLUS Loans
The U.S. Department of Education offers Direct PLUS Loans to graduate or professional students. They require a credit check and decent credit history. The amount is intended to cover any expenses other aid does not cover.
Direct Consolidation Loans
If you have multiple federal loans, you can combine them into a single loan from a single servicer. The new loan is known as a Direct Consolidation Loan.
Some Facts About Federal Loans:
In most cases, you won’t need a co-signer.
Unless you’re taking out a PLUS loan, you won’t need a credit check.
Interest rates are usually fixed (they stay the same over the life of the loan).
Interest is tax deductible.
How Do Private Student Loans Work?
Private student loans come from lenders not affiliated with the government, such as a bank, a credit union, a school, or a state organization. The amount you can take out and the options for repayment are up to the lender.
Federal loans are typically a better option than private loans since private loans offer much less flexibility.
Some Facts About Private Loans:
You may have to begin payments while still in school.
The loans may require a credit check and a co-signer.
The interest rates can be variable (fluctuating with the financial market).
Some private loan interest rates can be as high as 15%.
Interest might not be tax deductible.
How Do You Apply for Student Loans?
While you’re applying to schools, you’ll fill out a FAFSA, or Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Pay attention to the FAFSA deadlines, which change each year (the deadline is June 30, 2023 for the 2022-23 Academic Year). Usually, the FAFSA will be available starting in the fall for the next fall’s school year.
Read more: Guide to Filling Out the FAFSA
Applying for Federal Student Loans
The federal student aid website has a forecaster tool to predict what level of federal student aid you’ll be eligible for, and what your Expected Family Contribution (EFC) might be. This can give you an idea of how much you’ll likely need to pay out of pocket for your education, and it might also influence the schools you apply to.
When the time comes to fill out the FAFSA itself, gather your tax returns for the previous tax year, current bank and investment account statements, and pay stubs or employment info. If you’re a dependent student, use your parents’ or guardians’ financial information. If you’re an independent student, use your own.
If you’re admitted to a program, your school will send a financial aid offer that may include federal loans. Before receiving federal loan funds, you will:
Complete entrance counseling either in person or online with a financial counselor. You’ll learn your rights and responsibilities as a borrower.
Sign a Promissory Note or Master Promissory Note. This is a legally binding document that lists the terms and conditions under which you will repay the loan. Keep a copy of this document! You’ll need it later.
Applying for Private Student Loans
You can apply for a private student loan directly with the lender, and you don’t need to fill out a FAFSA. Because private student loan interest rates can vary widely, it’s a good idea to compare a number of different lenders before applying.
You can compare multiple private loans simultaneously via a loan marketplace like Credible. With a loan marketplace you enter some of your personal information and you’ll be matched with a list of lenders that are likely to approve your loan. The whole process takes just a few minutes, and it’s a convenient way to check private lenders’ interest rates and loan terms side by side.
Some private lenders, like Stride Funding, offer ISAs (Income Share Agreements) to students rather than traditional interest-based loans. With an ISA you agree to pay your lender a set percentage of your income after graduation for a specific period of time. It’s a good idea to check ISA options if the interest rates you’re quoted for traditional private student loans are exorbitantly high.
Read more: Best Private Student Loans of 2022
What Is the Maximum Student Loan Amount?
Private loan amounts typically won’t exceed your school’s total cost of attendance. Your individual loan amount will be influenced by your credit score, existing debt levels, professional prospects in your field of study, and the financial strength of your cosigner.
Federal loan maximums vary as follows:
Undergrads
Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans
Undergraduate students can borrow between $5,500 and $12,500 per year, up to an aggregate limit of $31,000 to $57,500.
Specific maximums vary depending on the year of schooling and the student’s status as dependent or independent.
Grad Students
Direct Unsubsidized Loans
Graduate students can borrow up to $20,500 annually and $138,500 aggregate.
Direct PLUS Loans
PLUS loans can cover the remainder of your college costs (the cost of attendance) not already covered by financial aid.
What’s the Maximum Amount You Should Actually Borrow?
Just because you can borrow the maximum amount doesn’t mean you should.
The financial aid offer will estimate your living expenses, and you can turn down a loan or request a lower amount if you feel their estimate is too high. Borrow only what you need. It’s a good idea to calculate your estimated living expenses yourself, with a cushion for the unexpected.
One rule of thumb is not to take out more loans than the anticipated first year’s salary in your field. You can check out our list of the best salary information websites to get a ballpark salary expectation for your profession.
Remember, you’ll still be expected to pay back the loan even if you can’t find work in your field, or if your plans change.
What Can Student Loans Be Used For?
Many students operate under the assumption that their loans can be used to pay for any living expense incurred while they are an enrolled student. They might be surprised to find out that the Federal Student Aid handbook technically limits the use of federal student loans to covering a student’s ‘cost of attendance.’ Permitted expenses include:
Tuition.
Books and other course supplies.
Purchase or rental costs for educational equipment, like a computer.
Exam and portfolio evaluation fees.
On or off-campus housing expenses, like rent or utilities.
Food, like a college meal plan or groceries.
Dependent care expenses, e.g., daycare expenses for your kids while you’re in class.
Licenses or certifications required for coursework.
Study abroad costs, like student visas.
Disability-related expenses.
Public transit expenses to and from school, like bus passes or train tickets.
Operation and maintenance expenses for a vehicle used to transport students to and from school (*not including* car payments or other costs for purchasing a vehicle).
Most private loan contracts include spending guidelines similar to the above.
Of course, your lender is unlikely to monitor how you utilize your student loan disbursements. But treating student loans as a free-for-all is a recipe for overspending and overborrowing.
You can minimize the amount of debt you incur while studying if you use your loans only for bonafide educational necessities. So hold off on that Cancun vacation until after you’ve graduated and landed a high-paying job.
How Does Student Loan Interest Work?
Remember calculating interest rates in middle or high school math classes? Fortunately, you don’t need to dust off your SAT prep book before taking out a loan, but you should know how interest rates affect your finances before you borrow.
Interest is money paid to a lender at a particular rate in exchange for borrowing a given sum. An interest rate is calculated as a percentage of your unpaid loan amount, also known as the principal. You are responsible for paying interest on any unsubsidized loans.
Federal Student Loan Interest Rates
The interest rates for federal loans are fixed, meaning the rates won’t change over the life of the loan. The rates are determined by Congress, and they vary depending on when the loan was first disbursed.
Below are the rates for loans disbursed after July 1, 2022, and before July 1, 2023.
Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans for undergraduates: 4.99%.
Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and professional students: 6.54%.
Direct PLUS Loans: 7.54%.
Private Student Loan Interest Rates
Private loan interest rates are determined by the lender, and they may be fixed or variable. With a variable interest rate, the rate may change over the life of the loan.
Private student loan interest rates may range from 1% to 15%, depending on the borrower’s credit score. As of July 25, 2022, Credible reports that 5-year variable-rate private student loans average 4.78% interest. 10-year fixed-rate private student loans average 7.22% interest.
How to Calculate Student Loan Interest
To calculate the amount of interest that accrues on your student loan, divide the loan’s interest rate by 365.25 — the number of days in the year, including Leap Year. This number is the interest rate factor, or the daily rate on your loan.
For instance, a loan with a 5% interest rate (.05 divided by 365.25) would have a daily rate of 0.00013689253.
You can use the interest rate factor to calculate how much interest accrues on your loan from month to month. Use the daily interest formula:
Outstanding principal balance (how much of the loan remains unpaid) x the number of days since your last payment x the interest rate factor you figured out above = interest amount.
You can also use MU30’s loan calculator to determine how much interest a given loan will accrue.
When Does Student Loan Repayment Start?
Repayment options are flexible (especially for federal loans) and can change as your life situation changes.
You can apply for deferment or forbearance — a period of time where you don’t have to pay back the loan — on federal loans and some private loans. If you have an unsubsidized loan, the interest will keep accumulating during deferment.
Paying Back Federal Student Loans
If you have federal loans, you won’t need to pay them back as long as you’re in school at least half time. You can start paying back early if you choose. There are no prepayment penalties.
After graduation, you’ll usually have a six-month grace period before your repayment schedule begins. Then your lender will ask you to choose a repayment option.
Each option requires you to pay a different amount per month. The more you can pay per month, the less you’ll pay overall.
Remember the daily interest formula above — if you make larger payments, you’re chipping away faster at the unpaid principal, which results in less accrued interest. By the same token, if you make smaller payments, you’re likely to pay more money overall, since the interest will add up.
The repayment plans below apply to every federal loan except Perkins Loans. If you have a Perkins Loan, the school (your lender) should inform you about repayment options, which will vary.
Standard Repayment Plan
You pay a fixed monthly amount with the goal of paying your loan off in 10 years (30 years for a Direct Consolidation Loan, which tends to be larger).
Graduated Repayment Plan
You start out with smaller payments, which then increase every two years — again, with the goal of paying off the loan in 10 years (30 years for a Direct Consolidation Loan).
Extended Repayment Plan
You pay monthly on a fixed or graduated plan with the goal of paying the loan in 25 years. This option is only available to borrowers with $30,000 or more in debt.
Revised Pay As You Earn Plan (REPAYE)
Your payments are capped at 10% of your discretionary income. Discretionary income is the difference between your income and 150% of the poverty guidelines for your state and family size.
Income-Based Repayment Plan (IBR)
You pay, monthly, either 10% or 15% of discretionary income, based on the date you received your first loans. You’ll never pay more than what you would have paid under the standard plan.
With this plan, the amount of your payments is reassessed every year based on how your income and household have changed. After 20-25 years, any outstanding balance on your loans will be forgiven.
Income-Contingent Repayment Plan
Each month, you’ll pay the lesser of20% of your discretionary income or the amount you’d pay monthly with a fixed payment over 12 years. Payments are recalculated each year based on your income and family size. Any amount not repaid in 25 years will be forgiven.
Income-Sensitive Repayment Plan
You make monthly payments based on your annual income for up to 10 years.
If you find you can’t afford your payments, get in touch with your loan servicer and see if you can switch to a more affordable plan. Nonpayment will hurt your credit and may eventually lead to default.
Paying Back Private Student Loans
Immediate Repayment Plans
Some private loans may require payment while you’re in school, but this isn’t cut and dried. You may find that you can pay interest only or make a reduced payment during the time you’re in school. Some private loans require that you make the same full payments whether you’re still in college or not.
Deferred Repayment Plans
Many private lenders now let you delay payment until graduation. You may even find they give you a grace period of six months or longer after graduation to start making payments. This can help take some of the pressure off while you’re looking for that first job.
Flexible Deferment Plans
With some lenders, you can occasionally skip a payment or put off paying for a while when you’re going through a tough time.Another benefit you may get with some private loans is the ability to renegotiate (refinance) a high variable interest rate.
Refinancing Student Loans
Refinancing a loan is when you replace your current loan with a new loan that offers more favorable terms. Whether you have a private or federal student loan, refinancing is always an option.
Refinancing is particularly attractive when your new loan offers a significantly lower interest rate than your existing loan. But it can also be a good idea if you have multiple loans that you want to combine into one, as it’s easier to stay on top of only one payment.
When considering refinancing, it’s important to take a close look at any fees you’ll be charged. While you can save on interest by refinancing, hefty origination fees might eat into those savings considerably.
Read more: Student Loan Refinancing Options
Summary
As tuition skyrockets and a college degree becomes more necessary for a middle-class life, student loans play a bigger and bigger part in most people’s financial lives.
Student loans can be scary, overwhelming, and painfully tedious to contemplate. But knowing what you’re getting into — in terms of interest rates and repayment plans — can take some of the terror out of borrowing large sums to finance your future.
This year’s down market has shifted what mortgage lenders are seeking from their technology partners, because the spare dollars for nice-to-haves are no longer around. The booming housing market the past few years brought with it a surge in mortgage tech adoption, and while this movement towards innovation has been welcomed by mortgage parties, now more than ever lenders are looking at the data behind these mortgage tech claims. Return on investment and cost savings around must-haves are now the focus in a lot of tech partnerships.
To learn more about this shift in mortgage tech needs and the changing dynamic in vendor-lender partnerships, HousingWire interviewed John Hedlund, California Mortgage Bankers Association (CMBA) chairman and chief operating officer at AmeriHome Mortgage Company and Wes Iseley, CMBA board president of residential and senior managing director of Carrington Holding Company.
California is home to some of the largest lenders which allows the association to keep a very strong pulse on the needs and trends in housing. The associations’ annual Mortgage Innovators Conference in Anaheim, California in June is designed to explore the revolutionary world of mortgage technology and helps attendees gain valuable insights from experienced industry professionals.
“The Mortgage Innovators Conference is unique in our space because there’s more of a conversation and interaction with lenders and technology companies, or innovators. It was part of our goal to not just have a bunch of booths where people are pushing products and instead where they’re solving problems that lenders have today,” said Hedlund.
“The beauty of the Mortgage Innovators Conference, and what we’re trying to build there, is really more of that two-way dialogue. The companies that are coming are listening and trying to enhance, improve and develop their products, and will reposition what they’ve already built or are in the process of building,” he said.
This collaborative mindset is what will define the lenders and tech providers that grow. In the following Q&A, Hedlund and Iseley discuss what innovation looks like today, the current table stakes in mortgage tech, what tech companies should keep in mind when talking to lenders and more.
HousingWire: What are some of the biggest areas that lenders are looking at technology to solve?
John Hedlund: In 2021, business was crazy good, and lenders had more money. You had a lot of vendors and startups selling, for lack of a better term, bells and whistles. They were, in my opinion, nice-to-haves and didn’t really move the needle. You’d have an LO come over to your company, saying that they need a certain software because they’re comfortable with it, so lenders would buy it because they could afford it. We’re in a different world now. Most lenders lost money last year.
So when I think of technology today, I talk to our providers about how they need to show their economic value add more than ever. How do you take costs out of my business? How have you proven that, factually?
When I talk to clients and ourselves, I focus on “what do we really need that moves the needle?” And, “What is just nice to have?” I’m getting rid of the nice-to-haves, and we’re finding other vendors that want to come in.
For most of the guys today, it’s all bottom-line driven. They need to be liquid, and they don’t know what’s next with rates.
Wes Iseley: There are some real issues that are still out there with speed to close. The first thing with speed to close, anything we can do to income verifications, which we have come a long way in bringing that in. There are different models out there trying to bring in income verification quickly.
The second one would be from a compliance standpoint — wire fraud. Everybody has to have that compliance and quality in place because that will drive costs up.
So the whole time we’re speeding things up, and at the same time, we need to have our protections in place so we don’t have surprise losses. There’s a lot of work going on the front and the back end from a compliance perspective.
HW: What are the new table stakes when it comes to technology?
JH: There’s always way more ideas than are actually going to ever catch on. It’s hard to carve out a new niche where there’s really a value add, but ultimately, that’s where I would start. What is my value proposition? And, it has to be somewhat hard today; it can’t be soft. By soft, I mean that it’s a nice-to-have. I think of an economic value-add. If followed all the way through the process, does it move the needle somewhere?
WI: Right now, if you can’t make it easy for the customer, that customer is going to get frustrated and go away. It’s tough out there right now. This includes the ease of use for the customer and the communication in keeping all people involved in that transaction informed as it goes along. Especially in a purchase money close, you can’t mess up the close when the moving truck is outside. Keeping everybody informed as the process goes is a must.
HW: What should mortgage tech companies keep in mind when talking to lenders?
JH: There’s a lot of value in talking to a variety of different lenders in different markets, and testing, tweaking and revising your business model when it needs change. If you want to have something that isn’t a niche product, it has to ring true with the masses.
When we started AmeriHome, our mindset wasn’t to chase shiny objects. From the start, our goal was to be a top-five correspondent lender, and so we built the company with scale in mind and our value prop very simplistically became, “How are we going to add value to our clients?”
I see a lot of tech vendors that have great ideas in isolation that aren’t ever going to necessarily be at scale because it’s a niche-type model. In most cases, I wonder if they’ve vetted that and spent, not an hour, but weeks or months finding out what their clients really need and solving a problem versus creating a product to try and find a problem.
HW:What does housing innovation look like in today’s market?
WI: The big issue out there is affordable housing. While there are modular homes, manufactured homes and factory-built homes, there are so many restrictions. In California for example, there’s a fee to transport the manufactured house, which adds $25,000 to $30,000.
You need to get down state by state and say what are the restrictions? I think factory-built housing and the precision of the building itself is of a higher quality and that’s a way to solve for affordable housing. You’re not going to affect land price, so it’s the build. This is a big solution that everybody should be working on.
Freddie Mac announced on Wednesday a new affordable housing program, “HeritageOne,” that is intended to boost homeownership rates in Native American communities.
The program aims to provide affordable financing options for single-family properties on tribal lands found in rural areas of the nation. The goal is to widen homeownership access in these communities.
“With HeritageOne, we are again breaking new ground in our efforts to safely and responsibly expand opportunities in traditionally underserved communities,” said Sonu Mittal, single-family SVP of acquisitions at Freddie Mac. “Our commitment to make home possible for Native American families not only requires long-term planning and prudent execution, but strong partnerships with industry members and tribal leaders. Through this collaboration, we can help create more affordable mortgage options in tribal lands and rural areas.”
The program will also provide financial counseling services and other resources to members of Native American tribes, and will place an emphasis on first-time homebuyers in particular.
“The limited access to affordable mortgage financing options has affected our communities for far too long and it has impacted the ability of our members to build generational wealth through homeownership,” Tawney Brunsch, executive director of Lakota Funds, said. “HeritageOne can help break down these walls, providing greater access to responsible homeownership and broader economic opportunities through financial counseling for our historically underserved communities. We look forward to making HeritageOne widespread in tribal lands.”
Freddie Mac describes Lakota Funds as “the first-ever Native community development financial institution on tribal lands.”
In order to qualify for HeritageOne, at least one borrower who will occupy the property as a primary resident must be enrolled in a federally recognized Native American tribe. Additional information is available by visiting the online portal.
The intention underpinning HeritageOne was previously laid out in Freddie Mac’s “Duty to Serve Plan” for 2022-2024, detailing the organization’s commitment to provide additional housing support to rural Native American communities.
That plan also intends to assist Native Americans with expanded financing for manufactured housing on tribal lands; expanded mortgage financing options through community development financial institutions (CDFIs); and increased affordable rental housing opportunities for Native Americans on tribal lands.
Native American housing issues have been pushed to the forefront by lawmakers in recent months. In May, a group of senators introduced new legislation that would make permanent a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) pilot program that provides mortgages to Native American communities through partnerships with CDFIs.
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) announced in March that it would lower the Native American Direct Loan (NADL) program interest rate from 6% to 2.5% in an effort to make housing loans more affordable for Native American military veterans and to spur use of the underutilized program.
This week, we interviewed Michael Jimenez from Xchange.loans.
Let’s get to it!
Who are you and what do you do?
I’m a co-founder and the CXO of Xchange.Loans- The online marketplace for non-performing loans. Which is still pretty opaque and vague. When a lender has an asset- typically a non-performing loan- that they want off their books they come to our marketplace to sell that asset to qualified buyers for cash. I’m in charge of user experience, sales & marketing, and lender outreach. Basically everything I never had to do in my previous CRE roles, before I embraced entrepreneurship.
What problem does your product/service solve?
We provide lenders a faster and more efficient way to liquidate their assets through a process known as a loan sale.
Loan sales are a quicker and more reliable way for a lender to be made whole, or as close to whole as possible, versus going through litigation- like foreclosure court, then to bankruptcy court, then back to foreclosure court, foreclosure auction, then having to sell the foreclosure or even worse- manage and stabilize the property prior to sale.
Taking back collateral and liquidating it is an extremely laborious, inefficient, and costly process for every lender. Lenders are built to originate and service debt, not liquidate the debt. Most lenders have no upside to the debt they originated. They’re in it for a few points of spread over an index, which isn’t much without scale.
Foreclosures in some states can take up to eighteen months without any hiccups and sometimes even years, whereas our process can be completed in as little as 4-6 weeks total. At the end of the day, our marketplace gets lenders OUT of their asset(s) and back into cash faster than any other process currently available.
What are you most excited about right now?
The thing that excites me most is that we-as in our amazing country- are moving forward at ramming speed into what appears to be an economic SUPER CYCLE. Part of this super cycle was created by the COVID-19 pandemic, but most of it was really created by decades of bad policies, poor decisions, and ‘kicking the can’. Well, we’re all out of easy-outs, workarounds, and pay-it later solutions. In the end, ALL debts must be settled and we are facing a tsunami of debt that we simply cannot pay back as promised. So we’re going to have to come up with some sort of settlement. This is precisely what we built our product for. The only surprise is the tsunami of debt is MUCH larger than we ever anticipated it to be and may hit us sooner and harder than I ever imagined. What happens? I don’t know. But I’m excited to grab my board and drop in on this massive wave. Cowabunga it is!
What’s next for you?
My primary goal is to scale my business to the point where I can hopefully take a breather and get just a little bit more work-life balance. I’ve never been a 9 – 5 guy, but the bootstrap grind is on a whole other level that I certainly underestimated. I love the grind, but I’d also love to spend a bit more time with my daughter, family & friends, my dog, and training jiu jitsu, and getting some more time to surf.
What’s a cause you’re passionate about and why?
Recapitalizing assets, opportunities and communities is my passion and fortunately my profession. Outside of that, I love teaching jiu jitsu, being a dad, and just trying to be a better Christian. Every day I rise with the goal of being a little bit better than I was the day before and I’m really looking forward to getting to the point where I can give back and have more of a positive impact on others.
Thanks to Michael for sharing his story. If you’d like to connect, find him on LinkedIn here.
We’re constantly looking for great real estate tech entrepreneurs to feature. If that’s you, please read this post — then drop us a line (Community @ geekestate dot com).
We’re kicking off the week with another update on the house. Things with the renovation are continuing to progress quite nicely. The walls are actually primed and ready for the finishes to start coming in. That means I’ve got some serious decision making to do. Right now, lighting is on the top of my mind. Light fixtures are the jewels you add to every room. They are often what give a space its personality. And so I won’t lie; selecting lighting is stressing me out! You don’t want your choices to be like a bad pair of boots – something you regret for seasons to come. And with no less than eight – yes I just said 8 – chandeliers to select, I’ve got my work cut out for me.
My goal is to strike the delicate balance between a statement-making fixture and something that’ll feel timeless for years and years! to come. I’ve turned to a lot of Parisian apartments and remodels of NYC brownstones as my inspiration. They always feature amazing Victorian details like crown molding, ceiling medallions and ornate fireplaces with modern fixtures. This is exactly the type of look I’m gong for.
The key? Finding pieces that fit together – kind of like a family does. Sure everyone looks a little different, but like siblings, you just want them all to get along nicely.
From the dining room to the kitchen, entryway and bedrooms master, guest and nursery, I’ve got the opportunity to really mix and match styles, genres and looks as you move throughout the house. Thankfully, YLighting has a litany of choices all in one place. I’ve slowly but surely been whittling down options to create my short list of fixtures that might make the final cute. Here are my current top contenders.
> 1. Mini Mikado Chandelier > 2. Brass Diamond Pendant > 3. Orb Pendant Light > 4. Brass FLOS Pendant > 5. Tom Dixon Beat Light > 6. Glass Globe Pendant Light > 7. Black Pendant Light > 8. Menu Franklin Chandelier
I see the large black pendant setting a striking scene in the dining room. The Orb Pendant light could be fantastic as a major statement in the kitchen. The brass Flos pendant might be exatly what I need over my free standing tub in the master bathroom. And how crazy cool would the Mini Mikado Chandelier look in our entry? I’m still doing some hemming and hahing so I would love your thoughts! Have you ever picked lighting for an entire home? How did you go about it? Any advice would be greatly appreciated. And of course I’ll be sure to share what makes the final cut.
This post may contain affiliate links, which helps us to continue providing relevant content and we receive a small commission at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read the full disclosure here.
If you have been trading for a while, then there is a good chance that you have made some trading mistakes along the way.
Unfortunately, it is part of learning how to trade.
After all, trading is a skill that takes time to learn.
Trading mistakes are part of the learning process. I know that sucks to hear, but it is the truth.
The outcome goal is to learn from those trading mistakes.
Then, you can realize what you did wrong so you do not repeat those same mistakes.
However, more than not, it is more common to repeat the same mistake over and over again.
If you are ready to recognize trading errors and learn how to overcome them, then keep digging in. Take notes and adjust your trading plan accordingly.
We will cover emotional trading mistakes, technical trading errors, and option trading mistakes.
What Are Trading Mistakes?
Trading mistakes are errors made by traders when you enter trades, either to purchase stocks or options.
More than likely, you will see the same type of trading error happening over and over again.
Trading mistakes are very common, but they do not have to lead to complete panic.
In order to minimize the chances of making a costly mistake, traders should adhere to their trading strategy. Additionally, traders should always trade with a clear head and stay disciplined.
There are plenty of trading mistakes you can avoid by being smart and adjusting your trading plan where needed.
Why Understanding Trading Mistakes Is Important for Long-term Success
Trading mistakes are the result of traders taking losing trades, which can result in poor overall performance.
Mistakes that occur during trading often include not paying attention to the market, not understanding risk, not having a well-thought out trading strategy, and being bad at managing the trade.
Whatever the reason, trading errors occur and it is how we react to them that matters.
Long-term success in trading is not a goal that can be accomplished overnight.
Achieving long-term success with active trading requires patience, discipline, and practice.
It is easy to get caught up in day-to-day successes and forget to commit to a long-term plan. As traders, it is important to be able to recognize our mistakes so that we can learn from them and move forward.
Top 5 Trading Mistakes
As you will see, we compiled a long list of trading mistakes. Each trader will see some of those trading errors in themselves. Some are small trading mistakes while others are detrimental.
First, we are going to focus on the top five trading mistakes first. This will make or break your success as a trader.
The following are five common trading mistakes that traders make and how to avoid them.
#1 – No Trading Plan
Trading without a plan means you enter a trade without knowing your next step.
No trading plan means that traders are not able to set clear goals, establish risk-reward ratios, and avoid common pitfalls that can occur during a trade. This makes it difficult for traders to know when they should be buying, selling, or holding.
Trading without a plan is risky because it can lead to losses that are much higher than they need to be.
When starting out in trading, it is important to remember that we can only focus on what we can control. This means that we should not worry about things we cannot change, such as the past or the behavior of other traders. Instead, we should form a trading plan and stick to it so that we can succeed in the long run.
Creating your trading plan will happen with many revisions. The goal of the trading plan is to set your overall strategy for trading.
Also, you need to have a specific trading strategy for each trade you enter.
Avoid by: Spending time to develop a trading plan. Revise as needed. Stick to it.
#2 – Risk Management Plan is Missing
A risk management plan is essential for traders and it should be included in any trading plan.
Without a risk management plan, traders are more likely to make emotional decisions that can lead to costly mistakes. For many traders, this is the hardest thing for them to manage.
It is possible to create a risk management plan as your overall trading plan.
In your risk management plan, you must decide (in advance) how much money you are willing to lose based on the amount of profit you perceive to make. For instance, you are willing to risk $300 in order to make $1000.
Many day traders focus on a 2:1 reward-to-risk ratio. Personally, I look for stronger reward-to-risk ratios greater than 3:1.
Avoid by: Understand how risk is a part of making a profit. Set your risk tolerance and do not deviate from it.
#3 – Not Keeping a Trading Journal
One of the most important aspects of successful trading is keeping a journal.
This not only helps you keep track of your trades and performance, but it can also help you remember what worked and what did not. Journaling is so helpful and such an overlooked task.
Your trading journal is the perfect place to take notes, keep track of your wins and losses, and record market movements so that you can learn from past mistakes.
At the end of every trading session, you should take some time to analyze your trades.
What went well?
What didn’t go well?
Why did you make that particular trade?
What was your entry strategy?
What was your exit strategy?
Where was the overall market momentum?
Did you control your emotions?
What grade would you give yourself?
This analysis is important so that you can learn from your mistakes and improve your trading skills. Stay motivated to continue learning about trading and keep more profit.
Avoid by: Start journaling. Spend time after exiting a trade and the market day to understand what happen and why you did a certain trade.
#4 – Watching Too Many Stocks
Watching too many stocks can lead to a decrease in returns and overall confusion on what is happening with your watchlist.
As a result, it is important to be selective.
The same can be said of stock scanners. If you are watching too many variables and possibilities, you can quickly become overwhelmed.
When you develop your trading plan, you need to decide how you find stocks.
Personally, I prefer to focus on a handful of stocks and a few key metrics. Then, watch them closely and trade accordingly.
As a new trader, I would pick about 5-10 stocks to analyze.
Avoid by: Revise your watchlist to half what you are currently watching.
#5 – Actually Exiting Trade as Planned
Above we talked about creating a trading plan and having a trading strategy for each trade taken.
But, the trading mistake happens when you do not exit the trade as planned.
This could be because of “hopemium” that the stock price will recover and you will get back your loss.
Our “hopemium” is that the stock price keeps rising and you will make more money.
Either one can be damaging to your trading account.
You created a plan. As a disciplined trader, you must follow your plan either to maximize your current profit or protect your risk against further losses.
Avoid by: Exiting at your set targets. Period.
12 Typical Emotional Trading Errors
Trading is 80% mental and 20% execution. Okay, I am not sure that there is an official study to back it up. But, I do know as a trader that emotions play heavily into your overall profit.
The typical emotional trading errors that traders make when they are in a trade are overconfidence, jumping into trades before the proper analysis is completed, and inability to take losses.
This is where most of the trading mistakes are made.
When first starting out in trading, it is easy to get caught up in the prospect of making a lot of money quickly. However, most traders find that trading is not easy to do and make common emotional trading errors.
Let’s dig into these emotional mistakes first and then we will follow up on the technical trading mistakes.
1. Letting emotions impair decision making
Emotions are an important part of decision-making, but it can be dangerous to allow them to influence our decisions. We should also take into account that emotions can often lead us astray.
It is clear that emotional trading can lead to bad decision making and, ultimately, financial losses.
When investors let their emotions take over, they are not thinking logically and may make impulsive decisions. For example, they may sell stocks when the market is down in order to avoid further losses, even though the stock may rebound soon after.
In order to be successful traders, it is important to stay calm and rational when making decisions.
Overcome by: Stick to your trading plan and take emotion out of the equation.
2. Unrealistic Profit Expectations
You go into every single trade expecting a home run! Enough money to achieve your dreams overnight!
These types of profit expectations will have you throwing your risk management plan out of the window and set you up for failure with greed, overconfidence, and impatience.
Be realistic about your expectations with trading activity.
Overcome by: Go for base hits. Small consistent wins.
3. Greed
Greed is a deep-seated need for more profit without regard to the chart or market conditions.
The common rationale is hopefully the stock will go up. Typically, you hold your position too long and end up losing some of your gains.
Greed can manifest in many different ways, and people with greed often neglect their own needs in order to attain more.
Overcome by: Set an OCO bracket to exit the trade at your specified level. Take you out of the equation.
4. Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
You fear that you missed out on a trade, so you decide to jump in. As a result, you are risking more than you should.
This trading mistake is common, especially with online trading communities.
As a result, you may buy at the high and watch the stock reverse.
Overcome by: Realize that there will be missed opportunities. That is part of the game. There will always be another chance.
5. Fear
In many cases, fear is a reaction to why or why not we enter a trade.
For any trader, they may become frozen unable able to make a decision as their mind is wrapped in fear. At the same time, they are either missing out on potential profits or unable to exit a trade due to mounting losses.
Overcome by: This is a real emotion that you must overcome. Take the time and read resources to help you overcome being paralyzed by fear.
6. Overconfidence after a profitable trade
The overconfidence that comes with success can lead to a loss of profits.
When a trader has a winning position, they may become overconfident and make bad decisions because of the previously profitable trade.
For example, they may not take their profits off the table when there is an opportunity to do so or increase their position size when they should be taking profits. This could lead to them losing all of their winnings and more.
Overcome by: Take a break from trading for a few days or a week after a big win.
7. Entering a Trade Based on Your Gut
The process of entering a trade based on your gut is, essentially, following your “gut feeling” and buying or selling shares after the market opens. This is seen as a more risky and less profitable strategy than following a more traditional market timing approach.
Trading is all about making calculated decisions and sticking to a plan.
Trading based on your gut feeling or emotions will only lead to costly mistakes.
Overcome by: Before entering into any trade, make sure you have a solid strategy in place and know all the rules. Only then should you start trading.
8. Not reviewing trades
Not reviewing trades is a common problem for many traders. Traders who don’t review their trades tend to be more likely to make mistakes in their trading and over-trade, which can result in losses.
You will make the same mistake over and over again until you realize the root of the problem.
This is how you move from a losing average to a winning percentage.
Overcome by: Let your journal be your friend. Document everything including your emotions.
9. Following the Herd
Many people enjoy following the herd with stock trading, especially online platforms on Reddit, Discord, or Twitter.
You may decide to follow a certain group of people in order to be fed stock picks or updates.
This can be risky because there is no sound foundation to base your trade upon.
Overcome by: Trade your style and let that fit you.
10. The Danger of Over-Confidence
The “beginner’s luck” experienced by some novice traders may lead them to believe that trading is the proverbial road to quick riches.
Over-confidence is the belief that one’s abilities, knowledge, or qualities are better than average.
This over-confidence is a risk factor for certain types of mistakes and other negative outcomes as it leads to complacency, a lack of preparation, and an overestimation of one’s abilities.
Overcome by: Realize your limitations and watch for overconfidence to appear.
11. The Importance of Accepting Losses
Losses are always a part of trading life, but they can be overwhelming when they occur.
It is important to recognize that losses are in fact an inevitable part of growth and development as a trader.
Overcome by: Journal all of your losses. Look for patterns to appear. Adjust your trading strategy as appropriate.
12. Quit Your Job Too Fast
Quitting your job too fast is not a good idea, as it will force you to place trades that may not be the best set-ups.
Day trading can be a very risky venture, and it is possible to lose everything you have invested.
It is important to be aware of the risks before getting started. More importantly, do not quit your job too fast. This can lead to losses in your investments and could potentially put you in a worse financial situation than you were before.
Overcome by: Keep trading as a side hustle. Hone your trading skills and build up a reserve fund that will cover your monthly expenses. You will know when you are prepared to leave your 9-5.
Common Mistakes in Stock Trading
According to a study by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, technical trading mistakes are actually fairly common among individual investors.
Mistakes in technical trading can be two-fold, either due to lack of knowledge or poor execution.
The most common mistakes are buying at the top and selling at the bottom, overtrading, and not taking the time to properly understand how trading works.
Now, let’s dig into all of the common trading mistakes I see.
1. Overtrading
Let’s start by talking about overtrading. This is a mistake that I see many people make. It is also a mistake that could have been easily prevented if you had just done your research before placing the trade.
Overtrading or placing more orders than you should do is the most common mistake.
Many new traders will simply open up their platform, look at the market, and place a trade. They are often chasing after the last couple of candles or they see an opportunity to get in “on the cheap”.
The problem with this approach is that you have no idea if this is a good trade or not. You are simply taking a shot in the dark and hoping for the best.
Overcome by: Only place the A+ setups that you like. Once you have traded so many times per day or week, stop trading.
2. Buying High and Selling Low
We all have heard the saying, “buy high and sell low.” However, too many novice traders do the complete opposite.
This trend happens with one of the emotional mistakes of FOMO; we already dived into that concept earlier.
Overcome by: Follow your trading plan on when to enter and exit the trade. Practice your strategy in a simulated account and master it.
3. Lack of Trading Knowledge
The lack of trading knowledge is a problem for many traders who are not familiar with how the stock market works. This can cause them to make mistakes when buying and selling stocks, which could result in losing a lot of money.
Just because you made a profit once on one stock does not mean that is a repeatable action.
In order to be successful in trading, it is important to have a good understanding of the markets and the strategies involved.
Without proper training, you are likely to make costly mistakes that can cost you money. Trading courses and tutorials are available online and through other resources to help you gain this knowledge and become a successful trader.
Overcome by: Take an investing course. Spend money on your education and not your losses. Here is a review of my favorite day trading course.
4. Following Too Many Strategies
Following too many strategies is a common problem in the investing world, which can lead to poor performance and more costly mistakes.
There are a million and one different approaches on how to trade the stock market, which indicators to use, whose advice you should follow, so on and so forth.
And then, many traders try and couple the strategies together only to quickly learn they may cause more losses than profits.
One way to avoid following too many strategies is by using a set of rules to decide which strategies are appropriate for investing.
Overcome by: Develop your trading plan. Outline the investing strategies you will use. Test any new strategies in SIM first.
5. Do Your Research
The solution to this problem is simple: do your research!
Before you enter a trade, take the time to do some analysis on the asset you are looking at. Look at past price action, news events, and any other relevant information that you can find.
Understand why the market might move in your favor and be able to build a case for it. The more data points you have supporting your position, the better off you will be.
If you are able to build a strong case for why the asset will move in your favor, then you can enter with confidence. This is because if the market does not move in your favor, you will know that it isn’t because of a lack of research on your part.
When you enter with confidence, this will make it easier to hold through the inevitable volatility and price swings.
Overcome by: If you enter without knowing why something is likely to move in your favor, then you are setting yourself up for failure. Do your research.
6. Not Using Stop-Loss Orders
Stop orders come in several varieties and can limit losses due to adverse movement in a stock or the market as a whole.
Tight stop losses generally mean that losses are capped before they become sizeable. However, you may have your stop loss too tight and get stopped out before your stock has room to move.
A corollary to this common trading mistake is when a trader cancels a stop order on a losing trade just before it can be triggered because they believe that the price trend will reverse.
Overcome by: Plan your stop loss in advance. Stick to it as it is part of an overall risk management strategy.
7. Letting Losses Grow
Active traders can be harmed by refusing to take quick action to close a losing trade.
It is important to take small losses quickly and limit your risk in order to stay profitable.
Stop losses can help you avoid larger losses.
While the stock may come back to your buy price, you have increased your risk far beyond what you planned. If your planned loss was $300 and now you are down over $500, it will take that much longer to overcome that growing loss.
Cut your losses. Review the chart. See what a better entry point may be.
Overcome by: If the stock moves past your pre-determined stop, then exit the trade. Don’t trade on hope.
8. Chasing After Performance
Many day traders are tempted to chase stocks, which is a bad reputation in the day trading world.
This happens when they see a stock that has had a large price increase and they think that it will continue to go up. In reality, this is not usually the case, and chasing stocks can lead to big losses.
What goes up must come down, right?
Overcome by: Wait for a better time to enter the trade according to your trading plan.
9. Avoiding Your Homework
It is important to do your homework. If you avoid doing your homework, then don’t expect fast results
Many new traders often do not do their homework before making any investment decisions.
This can lead to costly mistakes that can be avoided by doing some basic research. Trading is a complex process and should not be taken lightly – make sure you are fully prepared before risking your hard-earned money.
Overcome by: If you have not enrolled in an investing course, do that. Set daily goals on how to improve your trading performance that is not based on profit or loss.
10. Trading Difficult and Unclear Patterns
It is important to stick with the patterns and indicators that are clear and unmistakable so you don’t get caught up in any ambiguous or unclear trading signals.
With a little bit of research and understanding, these market patterns can become quite clear.
By forcing a chart to fit in what you want, then you are putting your trading capital at risk.
Overcome by: If you cannot read a clear chart or pattern, then quickly move to the next stock.
11. Poor Reward to Risk ratios
The most common mistake made by traders is poor risk management. This usually means taking on too much risk in relation to the potential rewards, which can lead to heavy losses if the trade goes wrong.
It is important to always have a solid plan for how much you are willing to lose on any given trade and never deviate from it.
What is the Reward to Risk ratio you look for:
1:1 Reward to Risk
2:1 Reward to Risk
3:1 Reward to Risk
Many beginner traders do not want to take on as much risk because their appetite for potential rewards may be lower. It is important for beginners to consider their trading strategies and risk management plans so that they can make the most informed decisions possible.
Risk-to-reward ratios are an important part of trading, and experienced traders are typically more open to risk in order to maximize their potential rewards. This means that they may be more likely to make high-risk, high-reward trades.
Overcome by: Stick to Risk to reward ratios that fit your trading plan.
12. Ignoring volatility
Volatility is the fear and unknown in the market.
The most important thing to remember about investing is that the stock market can be volatile.
A measure of volatility is from the VIX.
Overcome by: Decide how you will trade when the VIX is high and the news is negative.
13. Too Many Open Positions
Entering too many positions is one of the most common mistakes investors make. A portfolio should consist of a handful of top-performing investments that have proven to be good bets over time.
It is unwise to open too many positions in a short amount of time because it could lead to confusion.
This can be risky because if one or two of the positions go south, the entire portfolio can suffer. For this reason, it is important to carefully consider each position before opening it and make sure that all positions are contributing positively to the overall goal.
Overcome by: As an active trader, stick to under 5 open positions. As a long-term investor, look to build a portfolio of 25 stocks over time.
14. Buying With Too Much Margin
Most brokers offer 2:1 or 4:1 margin to cash. While this is tempting to use, it can also give you a margin call.
Margin can help you make more money by increasing your position size, but it can also exaggerate your losses.
Exaggerated gains and losses that accompany small movements in price can spell disaster for a new trader using margin excessively.
Overcome by: Use your cash only. Stay away from using margin.
15. Following Meme Stocks
These are the stocks made popular by many Reddit personal finance groups.
You have probably heard of Gamestop, Blackberry, AMC, or Bed Bath and Beyond as a meme stock.
While these stocks have risen to crazy highs, they have also fallen just as fast. Chasing the high may leave you with a big and painful loss.
Overcome by: Stick to your stock watchlist.
16. Buying Stocks With No Volume
Buying stocks with no volume is a risky idea that involves placing an order on a stock without knowing how much interest there will be in the shares. This can result in losing money if there are no buyers for the shares.
It is important to validate the price of a stock by looking at volume. The volume shows how much interest there is in a stock and can be indicative of future price movement.
When volume is low, it’s best to stay away from buying stocks as it could be a sign that the stock price is not stable.
Overcome by: Trade stocks with a volume of at least 500,000 or higher.
17. Ignoring Indicators
Indicators are things that tell us the market is going up or down. Examples of indicators would be the stock market at a particular point in time, a company’s performance with regards to earnings, the price of a product or service.
Every trader has their own set of indicators they use.
If you have outlined indicators you use in your trading, make sure to follow them regardless if it is against the way you want the stock to move.
Overcome by: Stick to your trading plan for each stock individually.
18. Trading Too Large Position Sizes
Trading too large position sizes is a risk that traders may run into when they hold positions in their portfolios for extended periods of time.
Position size is the amount of money placed on a trade, and the risk is that a trader may lose more than their capital on the trade if it does not go well.
Overcome by: Base your position size on the amount you are willing to lose. Not how much you want to make.
19. Inexperienced Day Trading
In order to be successful in trading, it is important to have a good understanding of the markets and the strategies you are using. Without proper training, it is easy to make costly mistakes.
Too many day traders turn trading into an unnecessary risky game.
To be successful, a day trader must have a solid foundation in how to invest in stocks for beginners.
Overcome by: Practice in a simulated account and make all of your mistakes there before moving to live money.
20. Inconsistent trading size
Inconsistent trading size is when traders are unable to predict what their position size should be in order to meet the trader’s desired profit goal.
Trading size is one of the most crucial aspects of a trading strategy and should be considered carefully. Larger trade sizes come with an increased risk, so it’s important to be aware of your position size when making trades.
Overcome by: Don’t risk too much on one trade. Stick to your risk management plan.
21. Trading on numerous markets
Trading on numerous markets is when a trader invests in stocks, bonds, commodities, crypto, and other securities.
Every type of market moves differently and takes time to understand how to be profitable.
Overcome by: Find your niche and stick to it.
22. Over-leveraging
Leverage is a powerful tool that can be used to magnify gains and losses in a trade. It is important to be aware of the amount of leverage being used in order to effectively manage risk.
Brokers play an important role in protecting their customers by providing margin calls and other risk management tools.
Overcome by: If you feel over-leveraged, sell some positions before your broker gets involved.
23. Overexposing a position
Overexposure is a term used in the investment world to describe the risk that comes with exposing your position too much in the market. When you have overexposed your position, you are putting yourself at risk of losing money if the stock or security you are invested in falls in value.
You are taking on too much risk.
Overcome by: Stick to your risk management plan. Always have cash reverse on hand in case the market reverses.
24. Lack of time horizon
There are different time horizons for various types of trading strategies. It is important to think about the time horizon you are comfortable with before investing in any type of investment.
If you are a day trader, you plan to close your trades before the end of the trading session. As a swing trader, you typically hold trades for a couple of days maybe up to a month. As a long-term investor, you plan to hold your stocks for longer than a year.
Overcome by: Match the time horizon of that investment purchase with your investing goals.
25. Over-reliance on software
Although some trading software can be highly beneficial to traders, it is important not to over-rely on it.
Automated trading systems are becoming so advanced that they could revolutionize the markets. As a result, human traders need to be aware of the potential for these systems to make mistakes and use them in conjunction with their own judgment.
Overcome by: Set alerts before you want to enter or exit a trade. Then, review if the move still follows your trading strategy.
Top Options Trading Mistakes Beginner Traders Make
These options trading mistakes are specific to option trading.
Trading options is an advanced strategy. If you have losses trading stocks, wait before you start trading options.
1. Not having a Trading Plan
Every trader needs a trading plan that outlines strategies, game plans, and trade metrics.
When you are trading without a plan, you are essentially gambling and hoping for the best.
This is not a recipe for success in the world of stock trading and is especially true for options traders.
A good trading plan should include chart analysis so that you can make informed decisions about when to buy and sell stocks. If you are using HOPE instead of a trading plan, then you need to find out the right way to interpret the chart because that will give you a better idea of what is happening in the market and how likely it is that your investment will succeed.
Overcome by: Create a specific trading plan based on your option strategy.
2. Not properly Researching Option Contracts
Learning to trade options is like going to school for a whole different trade.
There are way too many technical aspects to discuss in this mistake.
Spend time learning what criteria you want from an options contract to be successful.
Overcome by: Learn how options work and practice trading options in the simulator before going live.
3. Trading without an understanding of the underlying asset
Before you start trading options, trade with stocks.
Every stock moves at its own beat. You need to learn how it moves.
Jumping into options prior to knowing the stock can cause extreme losses. Learn how the underlying asset moves first. Be successful in trading stocks before moving to options.
Overcome by: Learn to trade the stock with shares first. Then, practice in a simulator. Once familiar, then trade live with options.
4. Buying Out-of-the-Money (OTM) Call Options
Options trading is a risk-based strategy. It’s important to know which strategies are right for you and what the risks of each option type are before putting on an option trade.
One common mistake that many traders make when it comes to option trades is buying out-of-the-money (OTM) call options.
This is because OTM call options are inexpensive and have a range of around 100,000 to 1 million. To avoid this mistake, it’s important to know what the risks of buying OTM call options are and which option strategies are appropriate for you.
Overcome by: Focus on trading In-the-money (ITM) call contracts. Know your strategy.
5. Not Knowing What to Do When Assigned
When you enter into an options contract, you are essentially agreeing to buy or sell the underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date.
If the market moves in a way that benefits the buyer of the option (the person who contracts to buy the asset), they can choose to exercise their option and purchase the asset at the agreed-upon price. However, if the market moves in a way that benefits the seller of the option (the person who contracts to sell), then they may “assign” their contract to someone else – meaning that they no longer want to buy/sell the asset, but would like someone else to take on that responsibility.
This can be jarring if you haven’t factored it into your decision-making when trading options, so it is important to be aware of the possibility.
This is why traders need a higher trading level to sell options contracts or verticals.
Overcome by: Be okay with buying the shares if you are assigned. That is a part of your trading plan.
6. Legging Into Spreads
It is a common mistake for traders to get legged into spreads by entering positions when the market price has moved away from their position. They may have gotten caught up in the belief that they are being a “smart” trader by trying to profit from the spread.
The problem is that they are not taking into account that their cost basis must go up in order to maintain the position. If the market price of the underlying goes up, their cost basis must go up as well.
Overcome by: If you are not comfortable with this advanced strategy, then exit your options contract and place a new one.
7. Trading Illiquid Options
Trading illiquid options is a mistake because traders are taking on too much risk, with potentially disastrous consequences.
Illiquid means that the option cannot be bought or sold at the given time.
In other words, the option is not tradable. When traders trade illiquid options, they are taking a risk that their trades will not be executed because there is no liquidity in the market at that time. They have to hope that the market will become liquid again, and they can then sell their position or buy back their option at a lower price.
Overcome by: Check option volume and open interest at your strike place. Verify you have interest in moving your contract.
8. No Exit Plan
It is important to have a plan in case your trading strategy doesn’t pan out as planned.
This will give you the peace of mind that you won’t be left high and dry without an exit strategy.
With options is it more difficult to limit your risk to reward. As a result, you must decide your exit plan in advance.
Overcome by: Develop your trading strategy and include how and when you will exit the option contract.
Ready to Avoid these Trading Mistakes?
Investors are often their own worst enemy when it comes to trading.
They make emotional decisions instead of logical ones, and this leads to them making costly mistakes. Plus there are many technical errors new and seasoned traders are still making.
In order to be successful in the markets, investors must first learn to accept their losses and move on. Only then can they put that mistake behind them and focus on making profitable trades in the future.
In this post, I shared some of the more common trading mistakes that people make and how to avoid them.
Now, you have to work to avoid these trading mistakes and be profitable.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
With the average cost of college currently at $35,551 per year, most students have no choice but to take out student loans. Whether you go to a public or private university in or out of state, you’ll probably need at least a little help. And we’re here to help you get it.
Students might turn to private student loans instead of or in addition to federal student loans to help cover the cost of tuition and boarding. So how do you choose between the many private lenders — including banks, credit unions, and online marketplaces — out there? We’ve compared many of the top lenders to find those with the best rates, repayment terms, range of options, and more.
But enough suspense. Let’s dive into the best private student loans for you.
What’s Ahead:
Best private student loans
Best for flexible repayment terms: SoFi
Best for low rates: Credible
Best for no cosigner: Ascent
Best for cosigner: Earnest
Best for graduate students: Sallie Mae
Best for student loan refinancing: Splash Financial
Best for multi-year approval: Citizens Bank
Best for flexible repayment terms: SoFi
Fixed APR range – 3.99% – 8.24% APR (including auto-pay discount of 0.25%)
Variable APR range – 3.99% – 8.24% APR (including auto-pay discount of 0.25%)
Fees – None
Prepayment penalty – None
Minimum – Minimum $1,000
Maximum – Full cost of attendance
Loan terms – 5, 7, 10, or 15 years
Forbearance – Up to 12 months
Minimum credit score – 650
SoFi is a peer-to-peer lender offering private student loans for both graduate and undergraduate students. They also provide private and federal student loan refinancing for those who meet citizenship, employment, credit, and income requirements (minimum $5,000).
SoFi stands out for offering more repayment terms than most as well as the option to put membership points toward your loan balance. You have four repayment choices:
Defer monthly payments until six months after you graduate
Pay only interest while in school
Make fixed monthly payments of $25 while in school
Start making regular monthly payments toward the full balance right away
And should you need student loan relief, SoFi provides Unemployment Protection of up to 12 months to qualified borrowers.
There are two discounts available that can help reduce the cost of your loans. The first is a 0.25% interest rate discount when you schedule automatic payments and the second is a 0.125% rate discount for previous SoFi borrowers.
You’ll need at least fair credit to qualify for a private student loan with SoFi, or you can apply with a cosigner for a better chance of approval. We encourage you to check your rate with no effect on your credit. SoFi offers cosigner release after you’ve made 24 consecutive payments toward the principal and interest.
Read our full review.
Best for low rates: Credible
Interest rate range – starting at 4.44% fixed APR (with autopay)* and 4.74% Var. APR (with autopay), See Terms*
Fees – None
Prepayment penalty – None
Minimum – $1,000
Maximum – Full cost of attendance
Loan terms – 5 – 20 years
Forbearance – Varies by lender
Minimum credit score – Varies by lender
Though not a direct lender, Credible is a good place to go if you’re looking for a private student loan. Credible is an aggregator that partners with top lenders including Sallie Mae, Citizens, Ascent, and more to show you many student loan offers in one place. This is an especially great option if you don’t really know where to start because the platform begins by asking you questions to understand your needs, then shows you what you might qualify for.
To compare your options, you’ll fill out a single application to receive offers from up to eight different lenders. This will show you personalized rates you prequalify for to help you easily find the lowest ones. Although you won’t know your final rate until you actually apply to borrow with your chosen lender, this can give you a good idea of what you might pay. Using Credible to shop loans and check your rate does not affect your credit and the application takes just a couple of minutes to complete.
The Credible Best Rate Guarantee means that if you find a lower interest rate with another lender, you may be eligible for a $200 “Best Rate Reward.”
Credible’s partners do not charge origination fees or prepayment penalties. Also, all eight make it easy to apply with a cosigner and offer cosigner release to eligible borrowers.
Read our full review.
Credible Credit Disclosure – To check the rates and terms you qualify for, Credible or our partner lender(s) conduct a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, when you apply for credit, your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies will be requested, which is considered a hard credit pull and will affect your credit.
Maximum – $200,000 ($20,000 for Non-Cosigned Outcomes-Based loans)
Loan terms – 5, 7, 10, 12, or 15 years
Forbearance – Up to 24 months
Minimum credit score – Varies
Ascent is a unique private lender for those looking to avoid using a cosigner. They specifically cater to those who want to apply on their own by offering a couple of ways to qualify. There are two types of non-cosigned loans from this lender: credit-based loans and outcomes-based loans. You’ll need at least two years of credit history and an income of $24,000 or more to qualify for a credit-based loan, but you may be eligible for an outcomes-based loan without any credit at all.
Ascent’s outcomes-based private student loans take your future income, not your current income, into consideration. When you apply for this loan, Ascent looks at your GPA, anticipated graduation date, school, program, and more to determine your eligibility. The better your grades and higher-paying your career path, the better your chances. You must be a junior or senior attending school full-time to qualify.
Interest rates are higher for non-cosigned loans, but there are discounts available. These include a 0.25% autopay discount and a 1% cash-back graduation reward.
While in school, you can pay $25 each month or make interest payments only. Alternatively, you can defer payments for up to nine months after you graduate. You may qualify for up to 24 months of Temporary Hardship Forbearance if you find yourself unable to make payments.
Read our full review.
Ascent Disclosure:Ascent’s undergraduate and graduate student loans are funded by Bank of Lake Mills, Member FDIC. Loan products may not be available in certain jurisdictions. Certain restrictions, limitations; and terms and conditions may apply. For Ascent Terms and Conditions please visit: www.AscentFunding.com/Ts&Cs. Rates are effective as of 4/17/2023 and reflect an automatic payment discount of either 0.25% (for credit-based loans) OR 1.00% (for undergraduate outcomes-based loans). Automatic Payment Discount is available if the borrower is enrolled in automatic payments from their personal checking account and the amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. For Ascent rates and repayment examples please visit: AscentFunding.com/Rates. 1% Cash Back Graduation Reward subject to terms and conditions. Cosigned Credit-Based Loan student must meet certain minimum credit criteria. The minimum score required is subject to change and may depend on the credit score of your cosigner. Lowest APRs require interest-only payments, the shortest loan term, and a cosigner, and are only available to our most creditworthy applicants and cosigners with the highest average credit scores.
If you already know you want or need to apply for private student loans with a cosigner, Earnest has excellent cosigned loans. Earnest is a direct lender offering private student loans with low rates and forgiving terms to make repayment easier for student borrowers.
Applicants must have a credit score of at least 650, an income of at least $35,000, and U.S citizenship to qualify. These might be difficult requirements for a college student to meet, which is why Earnest encourages cosigners. In fact, 66% of Earnest borrowers use a cosigner. However, Earnest does not offer cosigner release, but you may qualify to refinance with this lender under only your name when you graduate.
If you have a great cosigner willing to help you out, Earnest will make it easier for you to hold up your end of the bargain with alternatives to the standard repayment plan. In addition to four different repayment options, they give all borrowers a nine-month grace period after graduation before monthly payments are due and the option to skip a payment once a year if needed. You may also qualify for one of the following assistance programs:
Rate Reduction Program – decreased rates and monthly payments for six months
Extended Term Program – loan term extension of up to 30 years to reduce payments
Earnest also has more generous loan forgiveness and discharge policies than most.
Read our full review.
Earnest SLR Disclosure – Actual rate and available repayment terms will vary based on your income. Fixed rates range from 5.21% APR to 9.24% APR (excludes 0.25% Auto Pay discount). Variable rates range from 5.24% APR to 9.19% APR (excludes 0.25% Auto Pay discount). Earnest variable interest rate student loan refinance loans are based on a publicly available index, the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The variable rate is based on the rate published on the 25th day, or the next business day, of the preceding calendar month, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent. The rate will not increase more than once per month. The maximum rate for your loan is 9.13% if your loan term is 10 years or less. For loan terms of more than 10 years to 15 years, the interest rate will never exceed 9.21%. For loan terms over 15 years, the interest rate will never exceed 9.24%. Please note, we are not able to offer variable rate loans in AK, IL, MN, NH, OH, TN, and TX. Our lowest rates are only available for our most credit qualified borrowers and contain our .25% auto pay discount from a checking or savings account.
Best for graduate students: Sallie Mae
Fixed APR range – 4.25% – 12.92% (for graduate loans, including 0.25% auto debit discount)
Variable APR range – 3.87% – 13.50% (for graduate loans, including 0.25% auto debit discount)
Fees – None
Prepayment penalty – None
Minimum – $1,000
Maximum – Full cost of attendance
Loan terms – Up to 15 years
Forbearance – Determined on a case-by-case basis
Minimum credit score – 650
Sallie Mae offers a variety of different loans for both undergraduate and graduate students, but this lender is especially great for graduate private student loans. Let’s get into what makes this option different than others for higher education.
First, Sallie Mae offers 100% coverage for all of your tuition and living expenses from classes to travel with no cap. After graduating, you can defer payments up to 48 months if you’re going right from school to a fellowship or internship. And unlike most loans of this type, you do not need to be enrolled full-time or even half-time to qualify to borrow.
You’ll have a 94% chance of being approved if you’ve already had a Sallie Mae student loan and you apply for a new one with a cosigner. And if you do use a cosigner, you may be eligible to release them after just 12 consecutive monthly payments made on time.
You can either defer your payments for six months after you graduate, make fixed monthly payments of $25 while you’re in school, or pay just the interest while you’re in school and during the six-month grace period after graduation. While Sallie Mae’s interest rates are a little higher than some, you can get a 0.25% rate discount for setting up automatic payments.
Read our full review.
Sallie Mae Disclosures: Borrow responsibly. We encourage students and families to start with savings, grants, scholarships, and federal student loans to pay for college. Students and families should evaluate all anticipated monthly loan payments, and how much the student expects to earn in the future, before considering a private student loan. Sallie Mae loans are subject to credit approval, identity verification, signed loan documents, and school certification. Smart Option Student Loans are for students at participating schools and are not intended for students pursuing a graduate degree. Graduate student loans are available for students at participating degree-granting graduate schools. Graduate Certificate/Continuing Education coursework is not eligible for MBA, Medical, Dental, and Law School Loans. Student or cosigner must meet the age of majority in their state of residence. Students who are not U.S. citizens or U.S. permanent residents must reside in the U.S., attend school in the U.S., apply with a creditworthy cosigner (who must be a U.S. citizen or U.S. permanent resident), and provide an unexpired government-issued photo ID. Requested loan amount must be at least $1,000. 1 Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan’s Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. Payments may be required during the grace/separation period depending on the repayment option selected. Variable rates may increase over the life of the loan. Undergraduate – Advertised variable rates reflect the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Advertised APRs assume a $10,000 loan to a borrower who attends school for 4 years and has no prior Sallie Mae loans. Associate & Trade School – Advertised APRs assume a $10,000 loan to a borrower who attends school for 1 year and has $10,000 in prior Sallie Mae loans. All Advertised APRs assume a $10,000 loan. Medical School Loan and Dental School Loan APRs assume 4 years in school. Law School Loan APRs assume 3 years in school. MBA Loan, Graduate School Loan for Health Professions, and Graduate School Loan APRs assume 2 years in school. 2 Loan amount cannot exceed the cost of attendance less financial aid received, as certified by the school. Sallie Mae reserves the right to approve a lower loan amount than the school-certified amount. Miscellaneous personal expenses (such as a laptop) may be included in the cost of attendance for students enrolled at least half-time. 3 Examples of typical costs for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, fixed repayment option, 6-month separation period, and two disbursements: For a borrower with no prior loans and a 4-year in-school period, it works out to a 9.63% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $172.95 and one payment of $121.42, for a Total Loan Cost of $21,977.47. For a borrower with $20,000 in prior loans and a 2-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.07% fixed APR, 27 payments of $25.00, 179 payments of $125.36 and one payment of $49.52 for a total loan cost of $23,163.96. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. Examples of typical costs for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, fixed repayment option, 6-month separation period, and two disbursements: For a borrower with no prior loans and a 2-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.02% fixed APR, 27 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $153.59 and one payment of $108.14, for a Total Loan Cost of $19,060.35. For a borrower with $10,000 in prior loans and a 1-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.19% fixed APR, 15 payments of $25.00, 179 payments of $117.46 and one payment of $46.27 for a total loan cost of $21,446.61. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. 4 Example of a typical transaction for a $10,000 Graduate School Loan with the most common fixed rate, Fixed Repayment Option, and two disbursements. For borrowers with a 27-month in-school and separation period, it works out to 12.78% fixed APR, 27 payments of $25.00, 178 payments of $154.24 and one payment of $152.19, for a total loan cost of $28,281.91. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 15 years.
Best for student loan refinancing: Splash Financial
Refinancing your student loans is a good way to lock in a lower interest rate for your existing loans, reduce your monthly payments, and consolidate your debt. As a loan marketplace, Splash Financial offers some of the best refinancing options currently available.
To find a loan with Splash Financial, you’ll complete one application and compare your available offers from a variety of banks and credit unions. Using Splash Financial’s marketplace does not affect your credit or cost anything. If you see an offer you like, you can begin an application directly with a lender partner.
If you didn’t get the rates you wanted the first time around when applying for student loans as a new borrower, refinancing can help you save on interest and simplify repayment. It can also let you assume full responsibility for your loans if you originally borrowed with a cosigner. And if you’re recently married, you can refinance with a partner to combine your balances.
Read our full review.
Best for multi-year approval: Citizens Bank
Fixed APR range – 4.74% – 12.06%
Variable APR range – 3.75% – 11.21%
Fees – None
Prepayment penalty – None
Minimum – $1,000
Maximum – Full cost of attendance ($150,000 for all undergraduate and most graduate degrees)
Loan terms – 5, 10, or 15 years
Forbearance – Up to 12 months at a time
Minimum credit score – Not disclosed
If you like the idea of applying once for private student loans and not having to again, you might want to check out Citizens Bank.
This lender provides multi-year approval for between four and six years to eligible borrowers. If you qualify, you’ll be approved for all the money you need to complete your degree upfront. Instead of filling out a new application each year (and adding hard credit pulls to your report), you’ll request more funding when you need it and Citizens will use only a soft pull to confirm you’re still eligible. Citizens will let you know if you qualify for Multi-Year Approval after you submit your application.
You can enroll in autopay for a 0.25% interest rate discount. may also be eligible for a loyalty discount, an interest rate reduction of 0.25%, if you’re already a Citizens customer with a qualifying savings account, checking account, credit card, or loan (or if your cosigner is a customer).
99% of borrowers with Citizens use a cosigner. You can apply for cosigner release after you’ve made 36 on-time, full payments in a row if your credit profile is found to be satisfactory. Can defer payments until after graduation but Citizens does not offer income-based repayment.
Federal vs. private student loans
Federal student loans offer many benefits over private student loans and you should go with this option before you even consider private student loans.
But you may not end up choosing one or the other — in fact, it’s not uncommon for a person to have both federal and private student loans. You’ll want to make sure to understand the (many) differences between federal student loans and private student loans and how they work before applying for either.
Requirements to qualify
Overall, federal student loans are a lot easier to get than private student loans. Federal loans are administered by the federal government, not companies or lenders. They do not require a credit check at all when you’re applying, so it doesn’t matter how low your score is. To assess your eligibility, the U.S. Department of Education will determine your financial need and this will be used to create your loan offer.
In contrast, a lot of private lenders are looking for a credit score in the 670 range, which is considered good. It’s pretty hard to have good credit when you’ve never borrowed before, and by “pretty hard” we mean not possible. This is why so many students use a cosigner for private loans – because they need to.
Repayment and relief options
Federal student loans also provide more wiggle room than private loans by offering more opportunities for relief and support.
Both federal and private loans may qualify for forbearance if you’re unable to make payments due to financial hardship, but only federal loans can be forgiven completely.
Most private loans are not eligible for forgiveness or income-based repayment plans. Income-based repayment plans ensure that your monthly payments make sense for your financial situation and are widely available for federal loans.
Borrowing limits
One advantage of private student loans is higher borrowing limits. Federal loans are given based on your financial need, but you may not qualify to have the full cost of your education covered (even if you can’t pay). Many private loans do not have a maximum borrowing limit and will let you borrow up to the full cost of your education or certificated cost of attendance (COA).
Interest
Federal student loans always have lower interest rates. And because they don’t check your credit, you don’t need a perfect credit history to qualify for the best rates. Even the best private loans come with steep APRs by comparison.
Also, interest on federal loans is more likely to be tax deductible than interest on private loans.
Fees
This is one where private loans come out on top. Unlike federal student loans, many private student loans don’t charge origination fees. These are fees charged as a percentage of your loan and deducted from your total disbursement.
Should you get a private student loan?
The first question you should ask yourself when looking for ways to fund your education is not whether you should get a private student loan but whether you’ve taken full of advantage of (much cheaper) federal funding and alternatives.
Federal student loans are a better option than private loans for almost everyone due to the fact that they’re less expensive and more flexible. They don’t require a credit check so you can qualify without any credit, and you’ll spend less over the life of the loan.
With that said, you may need to take out a private student loan if you can’t get all the funding you need from federal loans. This is fairly common, especially if you’re attending a costlier college or university.
But student loans aren’t your only option.
Alternatives to student loans
Student loans are just one way to pay for college. If you’d like to avoid taking out a private student loan or want to reduce the amount of debt you’re taking on, look into these options first.
Financial aid
Maximizing your financial aid should be your first priority when you’re thinking of borrowing money for college. After all, avoiding student loan debt is the goal. With financial aid, you probably don’t have to pay the money back. The Federal Pell Grant, for example, given to students who show exceptional financial need, doesn’t need to be repaid.
You might qualify for federal student aid even if you don’t think you do.
You can apply for federal aid through the U.S. Department of Education by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA assesses your financial situation to determine if you are a good candidate to receive help from the government. This is also the form you’ll complete when applying to see how much you qualify to borrow in federal loans.
Unfortunately, international students are less likely to qualify for most financial aid.
Read more: How to read a financial aid award letter
Scholarships
Scholarships are just another way to get free money. Some student loan borrowers don’t know how to apply for scholarships or think they definitely won’t qualify and don’t bother. But the fact of the matter is that there are foundations just waiting for someone like you to come along so they can hand you money. True story.
Between merit-based and need-based scholarships, there’s usually something for everybody. There are also a variety of options specifically for different types of students such as graduate students, international students, or even those enrolled in particular programs like pre-med or education.
Many private lenders even have scholarship programs you can apply for when applying for a loan. This can help soften the blow a bit when applying for a loan.
Parent PLUS loans
Parent PLUS loans are a type of unsubsidized federal loan parents can take out on behalf of their dependents. Only biological or adoptive parents with clean credit histories (e.g. no delinquencies) can qualify.
PLUS loans are usually used alongside other forms of loans and funding, not as a primary source.
Work-study
If you qualify for federal financial aid, you may also qualify for Federal Work-Study.
Work-study is a well-named program through the Department of Education that lets you work while you study and earn money for college. Work-study jobs are often on campus and may even be in the academic buildings you’re already visiting, and they’re designed to be flexible for students. You can use the money however you need to, for the most part, and it does not count toward your financial aid. You also don’t have to pay it back – it’s yours free and clear.
How to choose a student loan
Student borrowers should consider the following factors when comparing different private and federal student loans.
Fixed vs. variable loans
Student loans can be either fixed for the entire term of the loan or variable. Fixed means that the interest rate is locked in for the length of the loan and variable means that the interest rate is subject to change.
Should you choose a fixed or variable interest rate?
This is an important question to ask yourself because it’ll ultimately determine how much you’ll pay in interest when all is said and done and your loan is paid off.
Generally speaking, variable rates on student loans are lower. But long-term, fixed-rate loans often carry less interest. Variable-rate loans will fluctuate over time and there’s the potential for rate hikes, making this the riskier choice.
Note that federal student loans only offer fixed rates while private loans might offer the choice between fixed or variable rates.
Maximum loan amounts
For federal student loans, the maximum loan amounts are between $31,000 and $57,500 for undergraduates and up to $138,500 for graduate students.
Private student loans can have maximum limits of anywhere from $150,000 to $500,000 or may allow you to borrow up to the full cost of your education (including tuition, boarding, and more).
As mentioned, many students require a mix of both federal and private loans.
Term lengths
For federal student loans, terms are typically available between 10 and 30 years. Most private loan terms are between five and 20 years.
While it might be tempting to just choose the shortest loan term available to get your student loans over with, you need to consider what monthly payments you can realistically take on when they come due.
Repayment terms
There are many different options for repaying your student loan debt. Most private lenders will let you choose to make interest-only payments, fixed payments of a certain amount (such as $25), or full payments while you’re still in school or wait until you’ve graduated to start making monthly payments.
Each type of repayment comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Interest-only payments, for example, will reduce the amount of interest you pay but will mean that it takes you longer to repay your loan than if you were making payments toward the principal too.
It’s important to consider all of your repayment options and take advantage of tools such as calculators to understand what you’ll be paying and when.
Read more: 20 terms for understanding student loan debt
Fees
Federal student loans require origination fees, which currently range between 1.057% and 4.228% of the loan amount taken. Origination fees are deducted from your total payout. Private student loans normally don’t charge origination fees or other types of application fees.
Neither federal nor private student loans charge prepayment penalties if you decide to make your payments early or pay more than what’s due each month.
APR
The annual percentage rate, or APR, is the effective rate on a loan. It includes both the base interest rate and any required fees added to the calculation.
For example, if you borrow $100,000 and pay a 2% origination fee, the net proceeds of the loan will be $98,000. When a 5% interest rate is calculated on the loan, the APR will be slightly higher due to the reduced net loan proceeds.
Your APR will depend on your credit history and the terms of your loan. You may qualify for a discount through some lenders for activities such as enabling autopay or having another account with a bank.
Deferment options
With private student loans, you might have anywhere from six months to a year after graduating before you’re required to start making repayments. With federal student loans, you don’t need to start making payments until six months after you graduate. When payments are due, you may need to defer or pause them if you’re not able to pay.
Student loans may come with a variety of deferment options. For example, federal student loans come with the option to defer payments if you graduate and have trouble finding a job. Private student loans may offer deferment on a case-by-case basis, but the deferment period will vary by lender.
Just note that interest may still continue to accrue during deferment and factor this into your repayment plan.
Forbearance and loan forgiveness policies
Federal student loans offer both forbearance and loan forgiveness. For example, under the Income-Driven Repayment plan, your monthly payment can be reduced to a small percentage — usually 10 or 15% — of your monthly income.
Under a Public Service Loan Forgiveness plan, your debt can be completely forgiven if you make 120 monthly payments while working full-time for either a government agency or a qualifying nonprofit organization.
With private student loans, loan forgiveness is not an option. However, some will provide forbearance if you experience economic hardship, such as unemployment. Your options depend on which lender you’ve chosen and it’s worth looking into this before borrowing.
Cosigner release terms
You probably won’t need to use a cosigner for federal loans because these don’t have credit requirements, so cosigner release doesn’t apply. However, cosigners are common with private student loans, and you may decide to use one.
If you decide to use a cosigner, they might not be stuck on your student loans until your debt is fully paid off. Many lenders provide a cosigner release option that lets you release your cosigner and continue on the loan alone. If a lender does provide the option for cosigner release, you’ll need to apply and qualify for it by meeting repayment and credit requirements.
Look into the cosigner release terms for any loan you think about taking out and be sure to have a conversation with your cosigner about this too.
How to qualify for a private student loan
If you’ve exhausted all of your options from federal loans to financial aid and scholarships, you might decide it’s time to apply for a private loan. Here’s what you need to know.
Your credit history and income will be used to determine your loan eligibility. If you have a really limited credit history — which is common for first-time student loan borrowers — you may not be able to qualify for a private loan on your own with the terms and interest rate you want. Lenders will also look at your income as a way of determining how risky it is to loan money to you and if you have the financial means to pay them back. Again, many new borrowers don’t meet minimum income requirements.
Some lenders will let you check to see if you prequalify for a loan and show you what rates you might receive with no effect on your credit. If you have this option, use it to avoid submitting more applications than you need to.
If you can’t qualify by yourself, you might want to think about using a cosigner.
When you use a cosigner, their credit history and income will count in your favor because lenders will look at this information as an extension of your application.
Should you use a cosigner?
Applying for student loans with a cosigner makes you look better to lenders. Using a cosigner means choosing a person with more credit than yourself — such as an older relative or parent — to assume responsibility for your loan along with you. This means that their credit profile will be used to determine your eligibility and interest rates.
A cosigner must be someone more creditworthy (i.e. less risky to lenders) than yourself. Someone with a good credit score and high income is a good candidate to cosign.
Your cosigner is only partially responsible for your loan when applying. But if you fail to pay your loan back, they become fully responsible for repaying the debt.
There are several factors to consider when you’re making the decision to use or not use a cosigner on your private student loans. Beyond the financial implications of signing their name to your debt, there are personal implications as well. Asking someone to be responsible for your debt is more than just a favor and a decision that shouldn’t be made lightly.
And if you do end up applying with a cosigner, you might want to have the option to release them as soon as possible. Cosigner release gives you the flexibility to assume full responsibility for your student loan after applying. To qualify for cosigner release, you usually need to make a certain number of consecutive monthly payments – such as 12 or 24 – toward both the principal and interest of your loan. Then, your eligibility as an individual can be reassessed.
Summary
Navigating the process of taking out a private student loan for the first time is a tricky business. But while it isn’t our idea of a good time, it’s definitely worth sitting down and comparing your options before signing your name to thousands of dollars of student loan debt.
If you start with these private lenders and take your time to make the right decision, you should be in good shape to get the loan you need and borrow responsibly.
Two years and some change into his presidency, Biden busted out his first veto. On March 20th, 2023, the president shut down an attempt to overturn a retirement investing rule that allows fund managers to factor environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into their decision-making processes.
You’re reading about this here because this veto may have a direct impact on countless investors. That is, if it sticks.
We’re here to unpack what went down, why, and what it might mean for you.
What’s Ahead:
Wait, what is ESG investing?
Before we dig into the timeline leading up to this veto, let’s cover what ESG actually means.
ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance and ESG investing focuses on companies that have clear initiatives and policies in place within these areas.
Examples of environmental factors include:
Energy
Waste
Emissions and pollution
Water usage
Natural resource usage
Examples of social factors include:
Equal pay and opportunity
Ethical sourcing
Sexual harassment
Health and safety
Social justice training
Examples of governance factors include:
Leadership diversity
Information transparency
Business ethics
Board structure
Anti-corruption measures
For instance, a company committed to going carbon-negative that uses renewable energy sources for power might score high marks in the Environmental category.
ESG factors are non-financial in nature but can often affect a company’s performance. Historically, fund managers have been able to use these factors to analyze investment opportunities, though the Trump administration put rules in place to discourage this. The Biden administration reversed these.
When members of Congress wanted to go back to restricting the use of ESG, Biden flexed his executive veto power.
What happened
Let’s break it down, starting with the rule being disputed.
✔️ December 1, 2022: The U.S. Department of Labor issues a final revision of the “Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights” rule. It clarifies a point of confusion about the use of material ESG factors by investment fund managers.
This final rule permits fiduciaries to consider climate change and environmental, social, and governance factors when making investment decisions or exercising shareholder rights under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).
Under the first version of this rule, proposed in October 2021, a fiduciary’s duty was to choose investments based solely on “pecuniary considerations.” These were defined as economic factors that directly affect an investment’s risk/return.
Many people wondered whether this included ESG factors. These can have objectives that aren’t strictly financial but effects that definitely are, and it wasn’t clear how fiduciaries were supposed to — or allowed — to handle this. Use ESG? Ignore it?
The rule was revised to allow ESG considerations to be included as a relevant risk factor as long as fiduciaries act in accordance with their plan’s objectives (i.e. prudently) and keep their plan holders’ best interest in mind (i.e. loyally).
❗ February 7, 2023: H. J .Res. 30 is introduced to the House, sponsored by Representative Andy Barr, by the House Education and the Workforce committee. The committee seeks to nullify the Department of Labor rule.
This bill is decidedly anti-ESG. Supporters want to put the kibosh on the DOL rule because they feel that fund managers should not use ESG factors in their decision-making and that doing so could be harmful to investors.
✔️ February 28, 2023: H.J.Res. 30 passes the House.
✔️ March 1, 2023: H.J. Res. 30 passes the Senate.
❌ March 20, 2023: Biden vetoes this resolution. The bill does not move forward and the rule remains in place.
Why it happened
Regardless of how you personally feel about ESG investing and whether it’s a positive or negative practice, this veto may impact you.
Essentially, Biden’s veto was in defense of ESG investing, and the message that accompanied his decision expanded on this. The president stated the following:
“There is extensive evidence showing that environmental, social, and governance factors can have a material impact on markets, industries, and businesses. But the Republican-led resolution would force retirement managers to ignore these relevant risk factors, disregarding the principles of free markets and jeopardizing the life savings of working families and retirees.”
His reasoning was that ESG investing is beneficial to investors because it’s realistic. It pays attention to outside factors such as climate change that could have very real impacts on returns for a variety of asset classes. This ultimately provides protection from risk, not increased exposure to it.
Biden’s argument is that allowing managers to make selections more holistically benefits investors. It’s a safer long-term approach to retirement investing since many companies are likely to be impacted by climate change and ESG factors at some point.
Why it matters
Environmental, social, and governance initiatives are unlikely to go away any time soon. In fact, more and more companies are joining the cause with new initiatives and increased transparency.
When it comes to long-term investing, the goal is to think big picture and reduce risks. But there are two sides to this argument.
The controversy
Supporters of the “Prudence and Loyalty” rule, and now of Biden’s veto, argue that the “big picture” should include ESG factors even though these aren’t exclusively financial because they can have financial impacts. For instance, companies with policies in place to drive social change might garner more business than those that don’t and outperform them.
Opponents of the rule argue that ESG is too politically-charged and pushes an anti-capitalist agenda. Favoring ESG companies in investing could squeeze out other corporations and tilt the market, and this side is concerned that fiduciaries would put too much emphasis on causes rather than numbers (i.e. beliefs > money).
What the veto really means
Fiduciaries are obligated to protect their plan holders’ money. By vetoing this bill, Biden is arguing that ESG investing can help to accomplish this.
Can the bill still pass?
Technically, this isn’t over. There’s still a chance, however slim, that the GOP manages to reverse the rule after all.
But overriding a veto requires a two-thirds majority in Congress, and this is unlikely to happen considering the bill trying to squash the rule was hotly contested.
The takeaway
We’ll be keeping an eye on how this situation unfolds. We’re curious to see if Biden has any other plans for that veto pen, but making political predictions isn’t really what we do here.
Will Biden support ESG initiatives in the future? Maybe, maybe not. Right now, it doesn’t seem like the president is championing anything as much as he is just trying to protect investors.
It’s time to give yourself a 10-second financial check-up: are all of your hard-earned dollars earning interest? Even your short-term savings that you’ll need in two years or so?
Savvy investors know that every dollar deposited at a bank, brokerage, or financial institution should be making money — and that includes your short-term savings, cash investment balances, even your checking account. If not, you should be looking for somewhere else to store your dollars.
Let’s look at where best to stash your short-term savings.
What’s Ahead:
High-yield savings accounts
High-yield savings accounts pay up to 5x the national average savings rate and are convenient to open and manage. You can transfer money in and out electronically from your checking account or other bank accounts — a process that rarely takes more than two business days.
Most high-yield savings accounts have no fees or minimum balance requirements, so there’s no excuse for not using one for short-term cash reserves.
You can check out our full list of the best high-yield savings accounts, but here are three of our favorites that you may want to consider for short-term savings:
Aspiration Bank
Aspiration Bank is a great bank if you love earning rewards. And, because this bank plants trees for you with your rounded-up change, you can pride yourself on taking care of the environment through your banking.
You only need a minimum balance of $10 in the account and can earn up to 5.00% APR, depending on the account you have — they have a free account and a subscription account (Aspiration Plus) that gives you access to more of their products as well as a higher APY.
Given these easy terms and high returns, the Aspiration Plus Savings Account can be a very lucrative place to stash your short-term savings.
Learn more/apply or read our full Aspiration Bank review.
Citi Accelerate® Savings
The Citi Accelerate® Savings has one of the highest APYs when it comes to high-interest savings accounts, coming in at 2.20% APY. And their monthly fee is waived if you have at least $500 in your account, so it’s a great option if you have a larger short-term savings goal in mind.
And since there’s no minimum opening deposit, they’re great for just about anyone who wants to start socking away money every month.
Unfortunately, the Citi Accelerate® Savings is only available in certain U.S. markets. If you live in California, Connecticut, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Washington, DC, or select markets in Florida or Illinois, you’ll need to go with an alternate account option.
Learn more/apply.
Capital One 360 Performance Savings
If you’re looking for a more full-service experience with your high-interest online savings account, consider Capital One 360 Performance Savings. They have plenty of services to help you out with your savings, and an APY of 3.00%. Plus, there are no minimums or monthly fees.
It’s a great option if you’re starting out with a low balance and you want to increase it until your short-term savings project is completed.
Read our full Capital One 360 Savings review.
Cash management accounts
A cash management account is an account that’s held by a robo-investor. It’s not a checking, savings, or investment account. Instead, the brokerage firm holds your money for you to use. They issue debit cards just like a checking account, but they have higher interest rates than those types of accounts.
These are a great option if you’re already using a robo-advisor for your long-term investments. You can find them at companies like Wealthfront, which has a cash account.
Short-term bonds
Short-term bonds are issued either by corporations or by the government. Each bond has different terms, so you’ll want to research what you’re signing up for before you make a purchase. But they’re overall low-risk investments.
But what is a bond? Good question. Bonds are basically IOUs that a company or government gives you on a debt. These groups are trying to fund something, but need capital, so they sell off bonds and tell you that after X amount of years, they’ll pay you Y in interest.
Read more: How does a bond work? A simple (and informative) guide
T-bills
Treasury bills, or T-bills, are another great short-term savings storage plan. They work similarly to bonds — you buy them from the treasury, and then you wait until they mature. Once they mature, you sell them and receive your money back, plus any interest.
You can buy them in intervals of 1, 4, 8, 13, 26, and 52 weeks, so they’re great for short-term projects that take about a year for you to save for.
Money market accounts
Money market accounts, also known as MMAs, are similar to both checking accounts and savings accounts.
How does that work? Well, you have interest rates that are higher than checking accounts and more on par with savings accounts, but you’re able to get a debit card to access your funds like a checking account. However, there is a limit to how many transactions you can make a month.
Money market accounts are good for short-term savings because they have higher accessibility than a savings account, but are low-risk. As long as you keep money in the account — and stay below the monthly withdrawals limit — you’ll earn interest on the account.
Read more: Best money market accounts
Certificates of deposit
Savers who are looking for the best return on their money on a slightly longer-term basis (minimum three months) should take a look at a certificate of deposit. CDs have terms that typically run from a period of three months to five years. Rates increase as the CD term gets longer.
You can get the best rate on a CD by shopping online, as these tend to change quite often. Most CDs will have minimum deposits of $500 or more, and patient investors can get a higher rate the longer their term.
Browse today’s best CD rates.
To reap the benefits of long-term CD rates with short-term savings, check out this article on CD laddering, which explains how to build your own.
Should you invest your short-term savings?
When you save money in an FDIC-insured bank account, your money is guaranteed not to lose value. When you invest money, you’re taking on risk for the chance at a greater return. You might very well earn a much better return on your money than you could with a bank, but you could also end up with less money than you put in.
In general, you want to save money you’ll need in the short term and invest money you won’t need for a long, long time. That’s because the risk of losing money on an investment diminishes the longer you’re able to hold that investment. We all know the stock market is volatile. If you put your money in the day before a crash, you could lose a big chunk of value overnight. If you leave that money invested for 30 years, however, you’ll likely come out way ahead (despite the initial crash!)
Risk tolerance is a personal thing, but my philosophy is that I never invest money I’ll need in the next two years. If don’t need the money in the next two years but will need it in the next five years (for example, money I’m saving for a future car purchase), I might invest the money, but very conservatively.
If you’re looking for a simple way to save money for a short-term goal, but you’d rather take your chances investing it rather than parking it at a bank, check out the Acorns app. You just download the app, link a bank account, answer a few questions, and you’re an investor. You can connect the app to any number of debit or credit cards, and Acorns automatically rounds up each of your purchases and invests that amount on your behalf. While this won’t make you rich, it can help any first-time investor make a little extra cash.
The bottom line
For most people, the best place to put short-term savings is an online savings account that pays a fair interest rate.
But other options, like certificates of deposits, money market accounts, short-term bonds, T-bills, and cash management accounts are all good alternatives you may not have considered for saving up for a short-term goal.
Featured image: Julia Sudnitskaya/Shutterstock.com
If you want more financial discipline you are probably looking to curb impulsive spending, save money, or maybe just achieve financial stability.
Building self discipline your financial decisions is an important part of building wealth over the long run.
What’s Ahead:
Why is self discipline the key to becoming a good saver
Being a good saver requires self discipline since there is so much fun stuff to do and buy. You are exposed to more advertising than anyone in the history of the world, and the marketing companies know a lot about psychology and exactly how to get you to part with your money.
So it takes a lot of self discipline in order to fight those tactics and stay on course to meet your goals. You have to have a clear goal and know that meeting that goal is more important than anything you can buy.
It requires a lot of self discipline to overcome the temptation to delay gratification of spending money and to save it instead.
Steps to develop self discipline
Step 1: Set a goal – then break it down into regularly recurring actions
What exactly do you want to achieve? It could be to build a fully funded emergency fund, start investing, pay off your debt, or even achieve financial independence – or anything in between.
Write down exactly what your goal is and the date by which you want to achieve it. For example, you may want to pay off your credit card debt within one year.
Then break down exactly what actions you need to take on a regular basis. Make these actions as small and as regular as possible. A small daily action is better than a larger monthly action.
For example, if you owe $10,000 on your credit card you’ll need to pay $833.33 off each month. Is that doable? If your budget allows for that, great. If not, you’ll need to figure out what exactly you need to do make up the difference.
If your regular payment is $150 and you can pull an extra $200 per month from your monthly budget that means you’ll need to come up with an additional $484 per month. If you have time to walk dogs after work you may decide to pick up a dog walking client for a few walks per week. At $25 per walk you’d have to walk the dog 20 times per month to make up the $484 you need. If you picked up a client that needed the dog walked everyday after work, you’d have the full amount.
You now have a goal and an action plan to make that goal happen.
Here are a few examples of short, mid, and long-term goals, but feel free to fill in the blanks with your own personal financial goals.
Short-term goals
Saving money each month towards your emergency fund
Going out to dinner with friends twice a month
Small household projects (planting a small indoor garden, painting a room, etc.)
Mid-term goals
Saving for a weekend getaway
Paying cash for your next car
Paying off your credit card debt
Long-term goals
Down payment on a house
Paying off your student loans
Putting money away for retirement
Read more: How to prioritize and save for multiple goals at once
Step 2: Track your progress
You’ll want some way to visualize and track your progress. A lot of people find this extremely motivating.
Using the example of paying off your car above, you could make a thermostat and color in a section each time you make a payment, representing the amount of money you’ve paid off (or is left on the loan). Or cover a piece of paper with stars (or anything else) and color in a star every time you send in your payment, each star representing one payment or a set amount of money.
Hang your tracker on the fridge so you can see it every day to remind you of what you are working towards. Make it a little celebration each time you get to fill in more of your tracker.
You can also go digital with your goal tracking. Apps like Empower offer a few different services for investing and checking up on your financial health. But, in this instance, I’m referring to the free tools they offer to keep track of your net worth.
You can create an account with them without opening an investment account. The wealth management and planning tools are the ones that you will probably be most interested in to help determine where you are at currently.
You can connect all of your financial accounts within the tool. These will be things, such as:
Checking account
Savings account(s)
Investment account(s)
Student loan account(s)
Auto loan account
Mortgage account
Credit card(s)
Medical debt account(s)
Sometimes, it can be pretty scary to see what your actual net worth is vs. where you want to be.
But, I use this as a driving force to work harder every month to increase my overall net worth. Because the faster I can get my net worth up, the faster I can get to my long-term goals.
Step 3: Find your tribe
Find people in your life who are working towards similar goals. This will help build self discipline because you’ll have a community that is embodying the new behaviors you want to build.
If you meet regularly with others who are paying off debt, you’ll have more discipline to follow that same path. You’ll have someone to share your successes with and a friend who can help when you are struggling.
Contrast that to when your friends regularly encourage overspending. Just going out to have a meal or a drink with friends can end up costing $100 or more in some instances. Something that sounded so innocuous, has now completely derailed your goal.
This isn’t to say you need to replace your entire friend group – not at all. But it will be up to you set a budget for having fun and then stick to it.
For example, instead of having two-three drinks, only have one. Go out for lunch instead of dinner, or a matinee instead of a night movie.
All of these options still give you the freedom to hang out with your friends and enjoy your life, but it won’t cost you nearly as much. And when you stick to your budget, your future self will thank you for your discipline.
Read More: The Cost Of Friendship – How Your Friends Affect The Way
Tips to meet your financial goals
Determine your needs vs. your wants
Setting up your financial goals and a way to track them are the first steps. But staying on track can get tricky when life happens. This is where needs vs. wants come into play. There are things that all of us want to have. But these are the things that can throw us off track so fast it will make your head spin.
So keeping in mind if the item/service is a need or a want can help you have more financial disciplined. Just remember to think long and hard about any purchases before you pull the trigger. If it is a need, then go ahead and do it. But if the item is actually something you want instead, it’s usually best to hold off even for a bit to make sure you still really want it as much as you think you do.
Reduce, reuse, recycle
When it comes to purchasing wants, you have a few other options that can save you a ton of money. If there is an item that you are wanting to purchase, but it simply isn’t in the budget, what might be some other ways to achieve the same goal?
Reduce, reuse or recycle may just be the best option here. If you have things in your house that you can get rid of (and maybe even make some money off of their sale), then that is one way to get the potential want. Sell your old stuff and then use the proceeds to purchase the new want item.
Or, if you can reuse an item you have in your house already, paired with something else, in order to create a similar item, then why not do that? Sometimes, all a table or chair needs is a fresh coat of paint in order to feel like a completely new item. So get creative and think outside the box about things you already have at your disposal.
And if all else fails, recycle your old items. You may not make any money off of them, but you could potentially get a tax write-off. Plus, it declutters your space, which can make it feel like a completely new room. Sometimes, that is really all you need.
Make it automatic
No matter what you goal is you can probably automate at least some of it.
If you want to save more, schedule automatic transfers from your checking to your savings. If you want to pay off a certain amount of debt each month, set automatic payments to your accounts.
Having these transactions happen automatically will remove the friction that can be caused when you have to manually make that extra payment, or save that extra money. You can always go in and stop or change the automatic payment if you can’t swing it one month, but making it the default will cause it to happen more often than not.
Of course, don’t set yourself up for failure. Setting an automatic payment without a plan to make sure the money is available will cause more harm than good. Create a feasible plan and realistic goal, then set it up to run without any extra effort from you.
Read more: Put your money on autopilot
Put your emergency fund in a high yield savings account
If you are working on building your emergency fund – or already have a solid savings account – you’ll want to make sure you are getting the most interest possible. This will help grow your savings rate since you’ll be earning a little extra interest each month.
Interest rates on high-yield savings accounts are higher than they’ve been in years, and the difference between online accounts and those at your local bank are huge. So, while these high yield savings account rates may not be anywhere close to the average return you will get on investing your money, it’s still nice to make some interest on your savings.
The best high yield savings account, in my opinion, is the CIT Savings Builder.
Read more: How Much Should You Save Every Month?
CIT Bank Savings Builder
CIT Bank Savings Builder has a very competitive APY – compared to the pennies you get from a credit union account.
You only need $100 to open an account and they charge no maintenance fees. To earn the highest APY, you need to get your account up to $25,000, or you need to deposit at least $100 monthly. See details here.
The CIT Savings Builder has a completely online platform, so everything can be done directly from your smartphone, just to make life simpler. They are also FDIC insured up to $250,000 per account type.
CIT Bank. Member FDIC.
Summary
Overall, it is extremely easy for our money to flow through our fingers like water. This is why you have to be cognizant of what you have and where you want to be with your finances.
If you want to avoid debt, save more money, or invest for your future then it’s important to develop self discipline in your finances.