Inflation remained stubbornly high in January, possibly pushing back any interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve. Still, the long line graph indicates a cooling trend, albeit a bumpy one. Nevertheless, lenders have already begun lowering mortgage rates in anticipation of any cuts to the federal funds rate. According to Freddie Mac, the rate on a conventional 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is currently 6.90%, down from 7.79% in late October.
The good news for homeowners is that despite dips in some areas, prices are generally holding steady and preserving home equity for owners. A 2023 report from the real estate analytics firm CoreLogic says the average homeowner in the U.S. holds $300,000 in home equity.
With lower interest rates than other forms of lending, home equity loans may be a good option for borrowers. The best lending option depends on a several factors, including the loan amount, borrowing costs and your time horizon for repayment. However, a home equity loan could be a better option than the below five alternatives in specific situations.
Considering tapping into your home equity? See what interest rate you could qualify for here now.
Why a home equity loan is better than these 5 alternatives
Here are five lending options that a home equity loan may be preferable to.
Credit cards
As of February 27, the average home equity loan interest rate is 8.78%. That’s substantially lower than the average credit card interest rate of 22.75%, according to the Federal Reserve. If you’re looking to borrow a substantial amount, such as $50,000 for a home renovation project, you could save thousands of dollars in interest charges over the life of the loan.
“When you need a sizable sum and can repay it over a longer period, a home equity loan is the better choice,” says Mike Roberts, co-founder of City Creek Mortgage. “The interest rates on home equity loans are generally lower, making them more cost-effective.”
Keep in mind, home equity loans use your house as collateral, which means the bank could foreclose on your home if you default on the loan. If you need a smaller amount, a credit card or other alternative may be less risky, especially if you can repay the amount quickly.
Compare your home equity loan options here to learn more.
Personal loans
As with credit cards, home equity loans may be preferable to personal loans because they usually come with lower interest rates. They also have higher borrowing limits, up to 75% to 85% of your home’s equity. As mentioned, U.S. homeowners have an average of $300,000 in equity, which means they could potentially borrow from $225,000 to $255,000. By contrast, borrowing amounts on personal loans typically don’t exceed $100,000. If you’re consolidating a substantial amount of debt or undertaking a pricey home improvement project, the higher borrowing limit and lower rates may be advantageous.
Bill Westrom, the CEO and founder of TruthInEquity.com, advises borrowers refrain from borrowing the maximum amount, even if they qualify. “If we use 2008 to 2009 as a teaching lesson when home values fall, you might find yourself in a negative equity position that might take years to recover from.”
Cash-out refinance loans
If you took out your current mortgage before 2022, you likely have a more favorable rate than what you’ll find on the market now. Specifically, mortgages taken out between 2019 and 2021 have average interest rates below 4.00%. Refinancing at today’s higher rates doesn’t make much sense. A home equity loan allows you to access the funds you need without changing the terms of your original mortgage.
“If you have a first mortgage with an interest rate of 4.00% or less, do not ever let it get away,” says Westrom. “There really is no complimentary argument for the cash-out refinance if you have a low, low rate already.”
Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs)
While home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) include many of the same benefits as home equity loans, there are times when the latter can be more advantageous. For starters, home equity loans can provide you with a large sum of money upfront, whereas HELOCs are designed to draw funds as needed over time.
Additionally, home equity loans come with fixed interest rates, while HELOCs typically have variable ones. With a stable rate and payment that remains the same throughout the loan, a home equity loan is more predictable and easy to manage. It also can save you on interest charges as it isn’t subject to interest rate fluctuations.
Learn more about your HELOC options here.
401(k) loans
Both a 401(k) loan and a home equity loan allow you to “borrow from yourself.” A 401(k) loan allows you to borrow up to $50,000 in emergency cash from your retirement plan, and pay yourself back within five years with interest, usually a point or two higher than the current prime rate.
However, borrowing from your 401(k) comes at a massive opportunity cost. The money you withdraw will no longer earn interest, and it could take years to regain your former account position. During those five years of repayment, you could forfeit your employer’s matching contributions, and the lower account balance will yield less earnings.
With a home equity loan, you’ll pay interest charges, and the risk to your home must be strongly considered. However, a well-planned home equity loan with affordable payments could be considered a more favorable option than depleting your retirement savings.
The bottom line
A home equity loan can be more advantageous than the alternatives above in many situations, but not always. Deciding whether to get a home equity loan, one of these five alternatives or another financing option should be based on how each option addresses your unique circumstances. Explore your options and read the fine print before proceeding with any loan offers. Finally, make sure you can comfortably afford the payments on any new loan or credit you’re considering before taking on new debt.
Matt Richardson
Matt Richardson is the managing editor for the Managing Your Money section for CBSNews.com. He writes and edits content about personal finance ranging from savings to investing to insurance.
Home improvement loans are offered by banks, online lenders and credit unions.
Unlike home equity loans, home improvement loans are generally not tax deductible.
If used for projects that substantially improve your home, you may be able to deduct the interest on a home equity loan from your taxes.
Home improvement loans generally aren’t eligible for federal tax deductions, even when used for eligible renovations or property improvements. Unlike home equity loans, which can be tax deductible, home improvement loans are unsecured debt, rendering them ineligible for tax credits.
Home improvement loans vs. home equity loans
Although home improvement and home equity loans may sound similar on paper and can be used for the same purpose, it’s important to understand the differences between the two categories.
If you turn to a home improvement loan to finance your next project rather than an equity loan, you could leave thousands of dollars in tax deductions on the table.
Home improvement loans
A home improvement loan is offered by online lenders, banks or credit unions and functions as a personal loan. Borrowers must meet the lender’s requirements to get approved and receive the funds in a lump sum. While lenders typically require good credit, some provide bad credit home improvement loans.
Most lenders offer repayment timelines between two and five years and can come with fixed or variable interest rates based on your creditworthiness. In short, home improvement loans are unsecured personal loans specifically marketed toward borrowers looking to finance renovations.
Unsecured loans or debts (like personal loans for home improvements) aren’t secured by a house or property. Therefore, they’re not eligible for the tax credits, even if the funds are used for eligible projects or improvements.
Home equity loans
Home improvement loans and home equity loans are in two different categories for a number of reasons. For one, home equity loans are secured — backed by the home — and allow you to tap into the equity you’ve built up in your home over time.
Also called a ‘second mortgage,’ these loans and lines of credit tend to have stricter usage restrictions and are higher risk. If you fail to make the payments, you run the risk of losing your home. Home equity loans and lines of credit (HELOCs) are a few of the most popular secured debts and qualify for tax deductions.
Home loans that are tax deductible
As a rule of thumb, if your home or property doesn’t back the loan, it doesn’t qualify for the tax interest deduction. However, if you’re looking to finance a specific renovation, consider a home equity loan or line of credit.
Home equity loans
A home equity loan allows you to borrow against the equity — the portion of the home you’ve already paid off — built up in your home. They typically have fixed interest rates and repayment terms of up to 30 years, but most lenders allow the borrower to choose a repayment plan.
How much you can borrow will depend on the lender and how much equity you’ve built up over time. However, many lenders cap the amount you can borrow between 80 to 85 percent of your home’s equity.
If used for projects to substantially improve your home, you may be able to deduct the interest from your loan on your taxes, even if only a portion of the balance went toward the home.
Home Equity Lines of Credit (HELOCs)
HELOCs also allow you to borrow against the equity you’ve built up over time, but rather than dispersing the amount in a lump sum, a HELOC allows you to withdraw funds over time.
Borrowers can take out how much they need when they need it. The interest is eligible for a tax credit when used for eligible projects. Because of this, HELOCs can be a great way to finance an ongoing home improvement project.
Deduction-eligible home equity loan uses
Not all home improvement projects qualify for a tax deduction, even if you use a home equity loan for financing. It’s not likely that you’ll see any interest deducted for smaller projects, like updating your kitchen cabinets or installing a patio.
The IRS has specific parameters around what qualifies as eligible. Check the specific home improvement details and deadlines before banking on a significant return this tax season.
Home office deductions
If your residence is your primary workspace, you may be able to deduct certain home office improvements or purchases. This applies to homeowners and renters residing in any home or utilizing a free-standing structure for their business. Employees will not qualify, even if they meet the other requirements.
The term “home office” is more of an umbrella term as personal property also may qualify. Among others, Boats, RVs, mobile homes and unattached garages, studios or barns fall under this category if used strictly for business.
In order to qualify, the IRS states that:
You must use a specific part of your home strictly for business purposes.
Your home (or structure) is your principal place of business, or if administrative tasks can only be performed on your property.
If you work on a hybrid schedule and only work from home a few times a week, it likely won’t qualify. “If the use of the home office is merely appropriate and helpful, you cannot deduct expenses for the business use of your home,” an IRS resource page reads.
Medical-related home renovations
The installation of specialized household equipment for medical care to support you, your spouse or your dependent may qualify for a tax break, but only if the additions fall within certain parameters.
For example, the value of the property must not be increased by the renovation for the entire cost to be considered a taxable medical expense. Such improvements may include:
Widening hallways and doorways.
Adding ramps or lifts to accommodate for a wheelchair.
Modifying stairwells.
Lowering (or modifying) kitchen appliances, cabinets or household electrical outlets.
Any amount paid (or borrowed) for medical upkeep and operation also qualifies as long as the funds are used strictly for medical purposes and the installation of a specialized plumbing system for a person with a disability.
If you’re unsure whether your renovations qualify, consider the primary function of the addition and the potential value-add it gives your home. “Only reasonable costs to accommodate a home to your disabled condition are considered medical care,” the IRS tax resource reads. “Additional costs for personal motives, such as for architectural or aesthetic reasons, aren’t medical expenses.”
Energy efficient installations
If you’ve installed energy efficient equipment — think solar panels, energy efficient windows, skylights and doors, biomass equipment or small wind turbines — then you may qualify for a tax break on your next return.
Also called the residential clean energy property credit, qualifying eco-friendly renovations made after Dec. 31, 2021, and before Jan. 1, 2033, are eligible for a tax credit totaling up to 30 percent of the equipment costs. Any expenditure made in 2033 can result in a 26 percent maximum tax credit and a 22 percent maximum credit for property placed in 2034. There will be no credit available for renovations made Dec. 31, 2034.
What constitutes a qualifying cost when calculating the deduction percentage will vary based on the type of eco-friendly equipment you’ve had installed. There’s also a $1,200 aggregate yearly tax credit maximum for home components, energy audits and energy property, while qualifying heaters, stoves and boilers have a separate $2,000 limit.
Which is better: home equity or home improvement loans?
While there isn’t a ‘right’ answer as to which product is better, there are projects that are better suited for certain projects. For example, home improvement loans are best for smaller projects that don’t qualify for tax deductions, especially if you don’t have significant home equity built up.
For larger and longer renovations, HELOCs may be the better option for qualifying borrowers. Home equity loans are well suited for long-term homeowners with less strenuous projects that qualify for tax credits.
If you find yourself in a bad financial situation, making an early withdrawal from your 401(k) may sound tempting. But early withdrawals from your 401(k) come with hefty fines and can put your retirement at risk. So, before you do this, you should be sure that it’s truly a financial necessity.
That being said, there are situations when it makes sense, and occasionally, you can find ways to get the fees waived. This article will review everything you need to know before making an early 401(k) withdrawal.
Early 401(k) Withdrawal Options
Wondering if you can tap into your 401(k) funds ahead of schedule? The ability to make an early withdrawal from your 401(k) hinges on several factors, including your employer’s policies, the specifics of your plan, and your current employment status. Here’s a straightforward guide to understanding your options.
Checking With Your Employer
Your first step should be to get in touch with your human resources department. Not every employer permits early withdrawals from their 401(k) plans, and those that do may have specific criteria and procedures you’ll need to follow. The ease of starting this process and the options available to you will depend on various factors, such as your age and the specific rules of your plan.
For Former Employees
If you’re no longer employed with the company that holds your original 401(k), reaching out to the plan’s administrator is your next move. The administrator can provide you with the necessary steps and documentation required to initiate an early withdrawal. They’ll guide you through the process, ensuring you understand any implications or penalties associated with accessing your funds prematurely.
For Current Employees
Still working for the company where you’ve built your 401(k)? There might be restrictions on your ability to make early withdrawals. But don’t lose hope; you might have the option to borrow against your 401(k) instead.
Taking a 401(k) loan can be a viable alternative, offering a way to access your funds without the penalties associated with early withdrawals. We’ll delve into the specifics of 401(k) loans and how they work later on, providing you with all the information you need to make an informed decision.
401(k) Early Withdrawal Penalties
When it comes to pulling money from your 401(k) before reaching the age of 59 ½, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) doesn’t give you a free pass. Let’s break down what this really means for your wallet. You’re not just facing a flat fee; it’s a combination of penalties and taxes that can significantly reduce the amount you end up with.
The 10% Penalty Explained
If you dip into your 401(k) early, the IRS imposes a 10% penalty on the amount you withdraw. This is their way of discouraging people from using their retirement savings prematurely. For example, if you withdraw $10,000, you owe $1,000 right off the bat to the IRS as a penalty.
Tackling the Tax Implications
But the financial impact doesn’t stop there. Since 401(k) contributions are made pre-tax, when you take money out, it’s considered taxable income. This means the amount you withdraw will be added to your total income for the year, potentially pushing you into a higher tax bracket.
To illustrate, let’s say you’re in the 22% tax bracket. On a $10,000 withdrawal, you’ll owe $2,200 in income taxes, in addition to the $1,000 penalty. So, from your $10,000, you’re down $3,200, leaving you with $6,800.
Real-World Example for Clarity
Imagine John, who decides to withdraw $10,000 from his 401(k) to cover an unexpected expense. John is in the 22% tax bracket. Here’s how his withdrawal breaks down:
10% early withdrawal penalty: $1,000
Income tax (22%): $2,200
Total deductions: $3,200
Amount John receives: $6,800
This example highlights the importance of considering the combined effect of penalties and taxes on early 401(k) withdrawals. It’s not just about the immediate need for cash but understanding the long-term impact on your retirement savings.
Tax Planning Strategies for Early 401(k) Withdrawals
Making an early withdrawal from your 401(k) can have significant tax implications. However, with careful planning, you can manage these impacts more effectively. Here are strategies to consider:
Spread Out Withdrawals
If possible, spreading out your withdrawals over several years can help manage your tax bracket. Large withdrawals can push you into a higher tax bracket, increasing your overall tax liability. By taking smaller amounts over time, you may stay within a lower tax bracket, reducing the amount of taxes owed.
State Tax Considerations
Remember that state taxes can also apply to 401(k) withdrawals. Tax rates and regulations vary by state, so it’s essential to understand the rules in your state and plan accordingly. Some states offer tax breaks or exemptions for retirement income, which could influence your withdrawal strategy.
Reinvesting Withdrawn Funds
If you must make an early withdrawal but don’t need the funds immediately for expenses, consider reinvesting them in a tax-advantaged account. This could be a Roth IRA, where withdrawals in retirement are tax-free, or a health savings account (HSA), if eligible. These moves can help mitigate the tax impact and potentially grow your investment tax-free.
Implementing these tax planning strategies can help you navigate the complexities of early 401(k) withdrawals, minimizing the tax bite and keeping your retirement goals on track. Consulting with a tax professional or financial advisor can provide personalized advice based on your individual situation and financial goals.
Hardship Withdrawal Eligibility and Requirements
When life throws you a financial curveball, tapping into your 401(k) through a hardship withdrawal might seem like a viable option. This choice allows you to access your retirement funds early without the standard 10% penalty, under specific conditions. Let’s explore what qualifies as a hardship withdrawal, the documentation you’ll need, and how to prove your need effectively.
Qualifying Conditions for Hardship Withdrawals
Hardship withdrawals are not given out for just any reason. The IRS defines specific scenarios where these withdrawals are permitted. These include:
Unreimbursed medical expenses: Significant out-of-pocket medical costs for you, your spouse, or dependents.
Home purchase: Down payment and closing costs for buying your primary residence.
Tuition and education fees: Tuition, related educational fees, and room and board expenses for the next 12 months of postsecondary education for you, your spouse, children, or dependents.
Prevention of eviction or foreclosure: Amounts necessary to prevent eviction from or foreclosure on your primary residence.
Funeral expenses: Costs related to the death of a family member.
Repair of damage to primary residence: Costs for repairs to your home that would qualify for the casualty deduction under IRS rules.
Documentation Requirements
To successfully apply for a hardship withdrawal, you’ll need to provide substantial proof that your situation matches one of the qualifying conditions. This might include:
Unreimbursed medical expenses: Bills and statements from healthcare providers, showing the costs not covered by insurance.
Home purchase: Mortgage documents or contracts that highlight the purchase of a primary residence.
Tuition and education fees: Invoices from the educational institution for tuition, along with documentation for related expenses.
Prevention of eviction or foreclosure: Notice of eviction or foreclosure proceedings against your primary residence.
Funeral expenses: Funeral home invoices or other documentation of related expenses.
Repair of damage to primary residence: Estimates or receipts for repairs necessary due to damage that qualifies for a casualty deduction.
The Process of Proving Hardship
Proving hardship is more than just submitting documents. You’ll need to:
Contact your plan administrator: Start by reaching out to your plan’s administrator. They can guide you through the specific requirements and process for your plan.
Gather your documentation: Collect all relevant documents that substantiate your claim. This may require obtaining records from various sources, so it’s wise to start this step as soon as possible.
Complete the application: Fill out the necessary application forms provided by your plan. Ensure all information is accurate and attach your supporting documentation.
Await approval: After submitting your application, there will be a review process. During this time, your plan administrator may request additional information or clarification.
While a hardship withdrawal can offer a lifeline during financial distress, it’s crucial to approach this option with a full understanding of the qualifications and process. Remember, these withdrawals can impact your retirement savings, so consider all alternatives before proceeding.
Should you consider a 401(k) loan instead?
Considering a 401(k) loan instead of an early withdrawal might be a strategic move under certain circumstances. Below, we will clarify the nuances of 401(k) loans, including repayment conditions, interest rates, and when it’s advantageous to choose this option over withdrawing funds directly.
The Basics of 401(k) Loans
A 401(k) loan allows you to borrow against the savings in your retirement accounts without incurring the penalties and taxes associated with an early withdrawal. It’s a feature many plans offer, providing a way to access your funds for immediate needs while still keeping your retirement goals on track.
Repayment Terms
Repayment terms for 401(k) loans vary by plan, but typically, you’re expected to repay the loan within five years. Payments are usually set up on a monthly basis and are deducted directly from your paycheck, making the repayment process straightforward and manageable.
Interest Rates
The interest rate on a 401(k) loan is often comparable to or slightly higher than current market rates, but significantly lower than the rates associated with credit card debt or personal loans. The interest you pay goes back into your 401(k) account, essentially paying yourself back with interest, which can make this option particularly appealing.
When to Consider a 401(k) Loan
Choosing a 401(k) loan over a direct withdrawal or other financial avenues can be wise in several scenarios:
Avoiding penalties and taxes: If you need access to funds but want to avoid the penalties and taxes associated with an early 401(k) withdrawal.
Debt consolidation: When looking to consolidate high-interest debt under a lower interest rate, thus saving money in the long term.
Major expenses: For significant expenses, such as home repairs or medical bills, where using a 401(k) loan can provide a financially responsible solution.
Before opting for a 401(k) loan, consider the impact on your retirement savings. While you’re repaying the loan, the borrowed amount is not invested, potentially missing out on market gains. Additionally, if you leave your job, the loan may become due in full much sooner than the original five-year term.
Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP): A Closer Look
When considering accessing your 401(k) or IRA funds before the typical retirement age without facing penalties, the Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP) program can be a lifeline. This strategy requires a commitment to taking consistent withdrawals for a significant period. Let’s dive deeper into how SEPP works, how to calculate your payments, and when this approach might be particularly beneficial or risky.
How to Calculate SEPP Payments
Calculating your SEPP involves choosing from one of three IRS-approved methods: the Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) method, the Fixed Amortization method, and the Fixed Annuitization method. Each method uses your current account balance and life expectancy factors to determine annual withdrawal amounts, but they vary in flexibility and payment amounts.
RMD method: This method recalculates your payment each year based on the current account balance and your life expectancy.
Fixed amortization method: This calculates a fixed annual payment based on your life expectancy and account balance at the start of the SEPP plan.
Fixed annuitization method: This uses an annuity factor to determine annual payments, resulting in fixed payments for the duration of the SEPP period.
Scenarios Where SEPP Might Be Advantageous
SEPP plans can be particularly useful in several situations:
Early retirement: If you plan to retire early and need a steady income stream, SEPP allows you to access your retirement funds without the 10% early withdrawal penalty.
Bridge income gap: For those who need to bridge an income gap until other retirement benefits kick in, such as Social Security or pensions.
Financial emergencies: In cases where there are substantial financial needs before reaching 59 ½, SEPP provides a structured way to access funds.
Potential Pitfalls and Considerations
While SEPP offers a way to access retirement funds early, there are important considerations to keep in mind:
Commitment: Once you start SEPP, you must continue the withdrawals for at least five years or until you reach age 59 ½, whichever is longer. Deviating from the schedule can result in retroactive penalties.
Market risk: Your account is still subject to market fluctuations, which can impact your balance and, potentially, your withdrawal amounts if you’re using the RMD method.
Locking in losses: If you withdraw money during market downturns, it can lock in losses, potentially jeopardizing the longevity of your retirement funds.
SEPP can be a strategic tool for managing retirement funds before reaching the traditional retirement age. However, it’s crucial to carefully assess your financial situation, consider the long-term implications of starting SEPP, and consult with a financial advisor to ensure this strategy aligns with your overall retirement planning goals.
Alternatives to Early 401(k) Withdrawals
Accessing your 401(k) early can come with significant financial repercussions, including penalties and taxes that diminish your retirement savings. Fortunately, there are several other strategies you can consider to meet your financial needs without tapping into your retirement funds prematurely. Let’s delve into some of these alternatives and how they might serve as viable solutions.
Borrow from Family or Friends
One of the most straightforward alternatives is to seek a loan from family or friends. This option can offer more flexible repayment terms and potentially lower (or no) interest rates. However, it’s essential to approach this solution with clear communication and, ideally, a formal agreement to avoid any misunderstandings or strain on your relationships.
Sell Personal Assets
Another strategy is to evaluate your personal assets for items that you can sell. This could range from high-value items like a second car or recreational vehicles to smaller, valuable assets such as electronics or collectibles. Selling assets can provide a quick influx of cash without the need to worry about interest rates or penalties.
Explore Government and Non-Profit Assistance
For those facing financial hardship, various government and non-profit programs offer financial assistance. These programs can provide support for a range of needs, including housing, utilities, food, and medical expenses. Researching and applying to these programs can offer a way to bridge your financial gap without compromising your retirement savings.
Consider Home Equity Loans and HELOCs
If you have equity in your home, tapping into it through a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC) might be a strategic alternative to early 401(k) withdrawals. Both options can offer more favorable interest rates than a personal loan or credit cards, but with distinct differences in how you access and repay the funds.
Home Equity Loans
Home equity loans provide a lump sum at a fixed interest rate, making it an excellent choice for one-time, significant expenses. The predictable repayment schedule helps with budgeting but requires you to take out a precise amount from the start.
HELOCs
HELOCs, in contrast, offer a flexible credit line, similar to a credit card, but with lower interest rates. This option allows you to borrow as needed over a draw period, usually with variable interest rates. The flexibility is ideal for ongoing expenses, but it’s vital to manage this responsibly due to the fluctuating payments.
Personal Loans and Credit Options
Personal loans from banks or credit unions, as well as low-interest or 0% APR credit card offers, can also provide temporary relief. These options may come with higher interest rates than a HELOC but don’t require collateral. When choosing this route, it’s vital to compare offers and understand the terms to ensure they align with your financial recovery plan.
Conclusion
When faced with financial needs, deciding whether to access your 401(k) early is a significant choice. It’s crucial to weigh the immediate benefits against the long-term impact on your retirement savings. As we’ve explored, alternatives like borrowing from family or friends, selling personal assets, or tapping into home equity through loans or HELOCs can provide the necessary funds without the drawbacks of early withdrawal penalties and taxes.
For those considering a 401(k) loan or Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP), these options offer ways to access your funds while minimizing the negative effects on your retirement account. However, each choice comes with its own set of considerations and potential impacts on your financial future.
Ultimately, the decision should align with your overall financial strategy and long-term goals. Consulting with a financial advisor can provide personalized advice, helping you to make an informed choice that balances your immediate needs with your retirement aspirations. Remember, the goal is to ensure financial stability now without compromising your future well-being.
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MA non-judicial mortgage foreclosure can take about 120 days, or four months, to complete. Judicial foreclosures vary depending on your state. In California, this process can take two to three years.
A nonjudicial mortgage foreclosure can take about 120 days, or four months, to complete. Judicial foreclosures vary depending on your state. In California, this process can take two to three years.
If you’ve fallen behind on your mortgage payments, the threat of foreclosure can become overwhelming. If you wonder “How long does foreclosure take?” know that you still have options.
Understanding what you can do if your house is in foreclosure can help you mitigate the damage done to your credit and overall financial health. Depending on your situation, you might even discover how to save your home from foreclosure.
What Is Foreclosure?
Foreclosure means that your mortgage lender can legally repossess your house due to nonpayment. They can then sell your house to help repay the debt you owe on it. And this is true whether you are behind on your first or second mortgage. Home mortgage rates will define when lenders can begin the foreclosure process—this is typically determined by how behind on your payments you are.
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Remember that every state has different rules and regulations for foreclosure procedures, and many states offer exceptions that may work in your favor. If you think you may be in danger of foreclosure, work with a legal professional to determine your state’s guidelines.
For example, in some states, you have to miss a certain number of payments before foreclosure processes can begin. Some states may also allow you to reinstate the loan up until a specific deadline.
What Happens When a House Goes Into Foreclosure?
State and federal laws, your mortgage agreement, and the mortgage holder’s personal decisions are major factors. Generally, the foreclosure process starts three to six months after you miss your first mortgage payment, assuming you don’t catch up on payments.
State laws vary, so work with a legal adviser or your lender to determine what will happen in your specific situation. In general, mortgage foreclosure involves the following steps:
The mortgage holder gives the defaulting homeowner a written notice of default. This is a formal notice that you have fallen behind on your payments and are in default.
The homeowner receives a limited amount of time to correct the default and pay all amounts due. That can include interest, penalties, attorney charges, and any other fees allowed by your state’s laws and your mortgage contract.
Once the time allowed for the homeowner to correct the default has passed, the mortgage holder will give notice of a foreclosure sale. This is the actual day of foreclosure.
Many states have a redemption period after the foreclosure sale, allowing you to reclaim your home.
Foreclosure actions can wipe out some of the property owner’s debt, such as the original mortgage, home equity loans, and second mortgages. However, you still have to pay any remaining costs associated with your second mortgage.
You might also be responsible for some of the mortgage payments even after losing your home. If the property sells for less than the balance owed on the original loan, a lender could file a deficiency judgment against you in court.
A deficiency judgment requires that you repay the difference and it lets the mortgage holder collect your assets to compensate for the debt. Not all states allow deficiency judgments in all circumstances. Work with a lawyer or legal adviser to determine your rights and plan of action.
Lenders’ Obligations in a Mortgage Foreclosure
Lenders have different obligations in different states. However, when it comes to mortgage foreclosures, they all typically have at least three common requirements:
Notice of default. In most states, lenders are required to provide a homeowner with sufficient notice of default. The lender must also provide notice of the property owner’s right to cure the default before the lender can initiate a foreclosure proceeding.
Written proof of money owed under the mortgage. Lenders are usually required to file statements that itemize the amount the property owner owes under the mortgage.
The amount owed includes the principal, interest, late charges, attorney fees, and any other charges the lender is permitted to charge under the terms of the mortgage or the laws of the state.
Service member relief. Lenders are also required to certify in writing that the property owner is not a member of the armed services before initiating a foreclosure action.
The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act is intended in part to protect deployed active-duty service people. If you are a member of the armed services, consult an attorney about your rights as they concern foreclosure proceedings.
Ways to Stop or Prevent a Foreclosure
The best way to stop a foreclosure is to take action to prevent the lender from beginning the process. When possible, try these proactive ways to save your home from foreclosure:
Catch up on your default. In many cases, the first notice of default provides you with options for catching up on what you owe. If you can make up your payments and stay current, the lender is much less likely to foreclose.
Ask for a loan modification. Many lenders will work with you if you need help making your loan payments. Home affordability programs can help you catch up on late payments or potentially reduce the amount you pay if you’re experiencing financial hardship.
Request a short sale. If you can’t afford your home anymore, you can request a short sale. The lender has to agree to a short sale, but if they do, you can sell the house to a third party for less than you currently owe.
In some states, the difference is forgiven, while in others, you may be required to pay the difference between the sale price and the remaining loan amount. A short sale will affect your credit, but the effect will be less than that of a foreclosure or bankruptcy.
File for bankruptcy. Filing a bankruptcy petition that includes your mortgage puts an automatic stay in place. This means that lenders can’t continue any type of collection procedure until the bankruptcy has been resolved or dismissed.
Whether or not you keep your home depends on what type of bankruptcy you file and whether you can work out mortgage payments in the future. Filing for bankruptcy can have severe consequences for your credit and finances. Consult with an attorney before moving forward with this option.
Defenses Against Foreclosure
If the lender has already filed for foreclosure and none of the options above will work for you, you might be able to legally fight the filing with a technical or substantive defense. Only you and your attorney can determine how to proceed through the process.
One example of a technical defense is when a property owner is not given adequate notice of the default and proceedings. However, technical defenses are often not very helpful in preventing foreclosures because a mortgage holder can easily correct the defense by correcting the procedural defect.
Substantive defenses use the terms of the mortgage itself to halt a foreclosure. Here are some examples of substantive defenses to the foreclosure process:
You aren’t in default, and the debt and interest have been paid on time according to the terms of the mortgage.
The mortgage holder committed fraud in obtaining the mortgage.
If you believe you may have a legal reason to stop the foreclosure, you need to file an objection to the sale with the court. In most states, you can file objections before the foreclosure sale takes place, after the sale takes place, or before the court ratifies the sale if the sale was improperly conducted.
When a debt is forgiven in a foreclosure action, taxpayers are considered to have made money. That means that the taxpayer or property owner may owe taxes on the difference between the value of the home and what is owed on the mortgage and forgiven in the foreclosure action. You will want to work with your tax professional to help determine your tax responsibility in this situation.
Consider this example to understand how it might work:
You owe $120,000 on the home. The bank sells your home for $100,000.
The bank accepts the $100,000 it got in the sale and forgives the rest of the debt via foreclosure, which means it doesn’t seek to collect that money from you.
The IRS considers that $20,000 as a form of income because it’s money you should have had to pay but didn’t. You might owe taxes on that $20,000.
Help Your Credit With Credit.com
Short sales and other foreclosure proceedings can hurt your credit by a substantial amount. Foreclosure can appear on your credit report for seven years. In many cases, you will be required to wait two to eight years before you can purchase another home.No matter what happens with a foreclosure, it’s a good idea to find out where your credit stands and how you can work to improve it. Credit.com provides a Free Credit Report Card that offers a look at your credit history and a better understanding of how you’re doing with the five factors that impact your score.
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
If you’re planning to buy a house in the near future, you may be paying extra attention to your credit. While good credit can help you qualify for the best terms and interest rates, bad credit can stand in the way of your dream home.
If your credit could use a little TLC, continue reading to learn more about credit repair for first-time home buyers and discover helpful tips to improve your credit.
Table of contents:
1. Pay your bills on time
2. Look for errors on your credit report
3. Dispute any inaccuracies
4. Lower your credit utilization
5. Consider consolidating your debt
6. Leave old credit accounts open
7. Avoid opening new credit accounts
8. Get help from a credit repair company
1. Pay your bills on time
Since payment history is the number one factor that affects your credit score, the first step in repairing your credit is getting current with your bills. Late payments, especially those over 30 days past due, can cause your credit to take a significant hit. Not to mention late payments can stay on your credit report for seven years and continue to negatively impact your credit, although the effect lessens over time.
If you’ve missed payments in the past, it’s important to get back on track with making your payments on time. Consider creating a budget, making a list of all your bills, noting their due dates and setting reminders so you don’t forget to pay them. Set up automated payments wherever possible.
Pro tip: Build an emergency fund so you’re still able to pay your bills even if you get hit with an unexpected expense.
2. Look for errors on your credit report
Errors on your credit report could negatively impact your ability to secure a mortgage. In fact, a recent study by Consumer Reports found that 34 percent of participants had at least one error on their credit report.
According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, common errors to look for include:
Identity errors: These include inaccuracies regarding your personal information. For instance, your name, address or phone number may be incorrect or misspelled. Make sure to look for accounts that don’t belong to you and could be the result of identity theft.
Reporting errors: These are errors regarding the state of your accounts. For example, accounts you previously closed that are inaccurately reported as open.
Data errors: These could be duplicate accounts or incorrect information that had previously been corrected.
Balance errors: These include wrong balances or credit limits.
While not all errors affect your credit score, incorrect payment dates or account statuses can have a significant adverse effect, so it’s important to review your credit report before buying a house.
Pro tip: You can get a copy of your credit report from each of the three credit bureaus for free at AnnualCreditReport.com.
3. Dispute any inaccuracies
If you identify any errors on your credit report, you will want to get the inaccurate information removed if you can. File a dispute with the credit bureau via their website, mail or phone.
Regardless of the method you choose, make sure to clearly state what items you’re challenging and why the information is wrong. Consider including a copy of your credit report and highlighting or circling the errors.
Once you file a dispute, the credit bureau has 90 days to complete an investigation into your claim. If the bureau confirms that the error is inaccurate, they will remove it from your credit report. You should see the correction reflected in your score within a few weeks.
Pro tip: Use the Federal Trade Commission’s sample letter as a guide when writing your letter.
4. Lower your credit utilization
Credit utilization is another factor that influences your credit. Your credit utilization ratio is the amount of credit you’re using in relation to the amount of credit available to you.
Keeping your credit utilization low shows mortgage lenders that you aren’t too reliant on credit. Meanwhile, a high credit utilization ratio could indicate that you may struggle to pay your mortgage.
Here are a few strategies to lower your credit utilization ratio:
Pay off large purchases immediately: If you make a large purchase on your credit card, consider paying it off the same day if possible.
Make multiple payments each month: Get in the habit of paying your balance multiple times each month so the credit bureaus are more likely to see a lower number when your credit card issuer reports your statement balance.
Request a credit limit increase: Contact your credit card issuer to see if you qualify for a credit limit increase. Keep in mind that this may result in a hard inquiry, which could temporarily lower your score.
Lower your spending: Consider switching to cash or a debit card to decrease the amount of money you charge to your credit card each month.
Pro tip: Generally, experts recommend keeping your credit utilization below 30 percent. For example, if you only have one credit card and the limit is $10,000, you should aim to spend less than $3,000 each month.
5. Consider consolidating your debt
If you struggle to keep track of your different credit accounts and their due dates, consider consolidating your debt into a single monthly payment. This strategy can help you pay off debt quicker and avoid late payments. However, in order for debt consolidation to make sense, you should aim to get a lower interest rate.
There are a few different ways to consolidate your debt, including:
Zero-percent APR balance transfer credit card: Transfer your credit card debt to a new card, specifically during the 0 percent APR introductory period. Aim to pay down your debt before the introductory period ends—typically between 12 and 21 months.
Debt consolidation loan: Get a debt consolidation loan from a bank, credit union or online lender. Compare options to find the lowest interest rate.
Home equity loan: A home equity loan involves using the equity in your home as collateral to borrow money. While home equity loans typically have lower interest rates, you could end up losing your home if you fail to make payments.
401(k) loan: If you have a retirement account, you can borrow money from your savings. Keep in mind that taking out a 401(k) loan can hurt your retirement savings since you cannot continue to invest until you pay back the loan.
Pro tip: Weigh the benefits and drawbacks to find the best debt consolidation option for your financial situation.
6. Leave old credit accounts open
You may consider closing old credit accounts that you don’t use anymore, but that can actually hurt your credit. FICO® takes into account your length of credit history when calculating your score.
A long credit history signals to mortgage lenders that you have experience using credit and provides a more thorough track record of your credit history.
You should leave old credit accounts open unless you have another reason for closing them, such as an annual fee.
Pro tip: If your oldest account charges an annual fee, consider calling the credit card issuer to see if you can get it waived.
7. Avoid opening new credit accounts
Opening too many credit accounts in a short time frame can be a red flag to lenders. They may come to the conclusion that you’re financially unstable and are relying on credit to get by. As a result, they may consider you more likely to fall behind on payments.
Additionally, too many hard inquiries can hurt your credit. While a single hard inquiry typically only lowers your score a small amount, multiple hard inquiries may cause a noticeable drop in your score.
Pro tip: Try to wait six months between credit card applications.
8. Get help from a credit repair company
If you need help repairing your credit in preparation for buying a house, consider looking into credit repair services. A credit repair company can closely examine your credit report and help you identify negative items that might be wrongfully hurting your credit. The company will then challenge the inaccuracies on your behalf so they might no longer impact you.
Pro tip: Research each company and read reviews to avoid running into credit repair scams.
Why is credit important when buying a home?
Credit is important when buying a home if you plan to take out a mortgage. A good credit score will boost your likelihood of qualifying for a mortgage with a lower interest rate and better terms. This can end up saving you thousands of dollars over the course of your mortgage.
What does your credit score need to be to buy a house for the first time?
The credit score needed to buy a house varies depending on the type of loan you want. For most conventional mortgages, borrowers need a credit score of 620 or higher to qualify. Meanwhile, an FHA loan requires a minimum credit score of 500. Generally, the higher your credit score, the more favorable interest rates and terms you’ll be approved for.
Need help repairing your credit before buying a home? Lexington Law Firm could help you identify and address inaccurate negative items that may be damaging your score. Sign up for a free credit assessment to establish your starting point and see what services may be right for you.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Brittany Sifontes
Attorney
Prior to joining Lexington, Brittany practiced a mix of criminal law and family law.
Brittany began her legal career at the Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office, and then moved into private practice. Brittany represented clients with charges ranging from drug sales, to sexual related offenses, to homicides. Brittany appeared in several hundred criminal court hearings, including felony and misdemeanor trials, evidentiary hearings, and pretrial hearings. In addition to criminal cases, Brittany also represented persons and families in a variety of family court matters including dissolution of marriage, legal separation, child support, paternity, parenting time, legal decision-making (formerly “custody”), spousal maintenance, modifications and enforcement of existing orders, relocation, and orders of protection. As a result, Brittany has extensive courtroom experience. Brittany attended the University of Colorado at Boulder for her undergraduate degree and attended Arizona Summit Law School for her law degree. At Arizona Summit Law school, Brittany graduated Summa Cum Laude and ranked 11th in her graduating class.
Editorial Note: Blueprint may earn a commission from affiliate partner links featured here on our site. This commission does not influence our editors’ opinions or evaluations. Please view our full advertiser disclosure policy.
Today’s home equity line of credit (HELOC) rates, if you borrow $100,000, are 9.11% with a 60% loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, 9.26% with 80% and 9.95% with 90%.
Today’s HELOC rates
*Data accurate as of February 2, 2024, the latest data available.
Current HELOC rate trends
Here is the average annual percentage rate (APR) for a $100,000 HELOC at different LTV ratios — 60%, 80% and 90%.
HELOC rates: 60% LTV ratio
The HELOC rate today for a borrower with an LTV ratio of 60% sits at 9.11%. This means it’s the same as last week, according to data from Curinos. Last month, the rate was at 9.13%.
HELOC rates: 80% LTV ratio
The average HELOC rate if you have an LTV ratio of 80% stayed the same as last week at 9.26%, according to data from Curinos. This is down from last month’s 9.28%.
HELOC rates: 90% LTV ratio
Today’s average HELOC rate is 9.95% with a 90% LTV ratio which is the same as last week, according to data from Curinos. This is about the same as last month’s 9.95%.
Before you borrow, compare the best HELOC lenders.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many banks stopped offering HELOCs due to uncertainty surrounding the economy. However, numerous banks have resumed offering HELOCs to customers today.
There are many reasons why you might not qualify for a HELOC. For example, a lender could deny your application if:
Your LTV ratio is too high.
Your DTI ratio is too high.
Your credit score is too low.
You don’t have a history of on-time payments.
You don’t have a stable source of income.
If you can’t qualify for a HELOC because of any of the above reasons, your best option is likely to work on paying down debt along with building more equity in your home.
There are also some alternatives to consider if you’re disqualified. For example, a home equity loan or personal loan could be a good option. Unlike HELOCs, both of these alternatives generally come with fixed interest rates, giving you predictable payments over the life of the loan. However, you might end up with a higher interest rate than you would with a HELOC.
Additionally, home equity loans and personal loans are paid out in lump sums — meaning you’ll need to know exactly how much you need to borrow before applying.
Explore the difference: HELOC vs. home equity loan
Repayment terms for HELOCs typically range from five to 30 years. This generally comprises a draw period of up to 10 years and then up to 20 years to repay what you’ve borrowed.
Blueprint is an independent publisher and comparison service, not an investment advisor. The information provided is for educational purposes only and we encourage you to seek personalized advice from qualified professionals regarding specific financial decisions. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Blueprint has an advertiser disclosure policy. The opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Blueprint editorial staff alone. Blueprint adheres to strict editorial integrity standards. The information is accurate as of the publish date, but always check the provider’s website for the most current information.
Jamie Young is Lead Editor of loans and mortgages at USA TODAY Blueprint. She has been writing and editing professionally for 12 years. Previously, she worked for Forbes Advisor, Credible, LendingTree, Student Loan Hero, and GOBankingRates. Her work has also appeared on some of the best-known media outlets including Yahoo, Fox Business, Time, CBS News, AOL, MSN, and more. Jamie is passionate about finance, technology, and the Oxford comma. In her free time, she likes to game, play with her two crazy cats (Detective Snoop and his girl Friday), and try to keep up with her ever-growing plant collection.
Ashley is a USA TODAY Blueprint loans and mortgages deputy editor who has worked in the online finance space since 2017. She’s passionate about creating helpful content that makes complicated financial topics easy to understand. She has previously worked at Forbes Advisor, Credible, LendingTree and Student Loan Hero. Her work has appeared on Fox Business and Yahoo. Ashley is also an artist and massive horror fan who had her short story “The Box” produced by the award-winning NoSleep Podcast. In her free time, she likes to draw, play video games, and hang out with her black cats, Salem and Binx.
If you scan through mortgage programs and lender rate sheets you may have come across mortgage lingo such as “pay rate” or “teaser rate”.
Though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably by loan officers, mortgage lenders, and mortgage brokers, they are actually very different. Allow me explain why.
What Is a Pay Rate?
A payment option offered on certain home loans
That allows you to pay less than the note rate
But this typically means the interest isn’t paid in full
Which results in negative amortization
A “pay rate” is essentially an option to make a mortgage payment that is lower than the actual note rate (mortgage rate) associated with the home loan.
In other words, if you only make the pay rate payment, which is usually referred to as the minimum payment, negative amortization will likely occur.
This means you aren’t paying enough each month to cover the total amount of interest due, and the unpaid portion will be tacked onto the existing loan balance.
For example, if you owe $1,000 in interest in a given month, but the lender gives you the option to only pay $800, that $200 shortfall would be added to the outstanding balance going forward.
So you don’t actually get a discount, you get a payment deferment, which will actually cost you because the loan balance will grow, resulting in more interest on subsequent payments.
Of course, it can serve a meaningful purpose if you have cash flow issues, or if you simply want to allocate your liquidity elsewhere.
But don’t be fooled into thinking the pay rate is a low introductory rate like those you see with 0% APR credit cards.
If you find yourself with a pay rate loan, make sure you know how payments are applied and what happens with the shortfall.
Tip: Pay rates are usually associated with those 1% option-arm loans everyone is angry about.
How Is a Pay Rate Different Than a Teaser Rate?
A teaser rate actually provides a discount for a set amount of time
Typically during the beginning of the loan term
The discounted interest rate means less interest is due
But that payments are still made in full each month during the promotional period
On the other hand, a teaser rate actually allows homeowners to pay less interest for a set period of time without accruing additional interest.
Teaser rates are typically seen on home equity loans, mostly as an incentive to open one. You may see an ad for a home equity line offering “prime minus 2% for the first six months!” Or something similar.
What this means is that you’re actual mortgage rate will be reduced for the first six months of the loan term, and will then adjust to the standard interest rate agreed upon.
You could also argue that the starting rate on products like the 5/1 ARM have a teaser rate attached because it’s offered for an initial period before the loan can adjust higher.
But technically, an ARM loan can also adjust down or simply remain flat, so it’s not necessarily a true teaser rate, it’s more like a fixed start rate.
Regardless, teaser rates can save you money, but don’t choose a loan program just because it offers a special low start rate.
Make sure you factor in other important aspects, such as how long you intend to keep the loan, how you plan to pay it back, and what the alternatives are.
It might be in your best interest to go with a fixed mortgage instead, even if the rate is higher at the outset. You won’t have to worry about rate adjustments in a rising interest rate environment.
And watch out for loan officers and brokers who use these two terms loosely. Over the last few years, many unscrupulous and/or uneducated loan officers were selling the pay rate as if it was a teaser rate, causing a lot of headaches, missed mortgage payments, and even foreclosures.
Our experts answer readers’ home-buying questions and write unbiased product reviews (here’s how we assess mortgages). In some cases, we receive a commission from our partners; however, our opinions are our own.
Veterans United is currently the largest lender of VA loans, and it earned “best overall” in our guide to the best VA mortgage lenders. It’s a good option for several types of mortgages — though VA loans are its strongest products. It also offers free credit counseling for those who don’t yet meet its credit requirements, making it a good lender for borrowers with poor credit scores.
Veterans United Home Loans
Insider’s Rating
A five pointed star
A five pointed star
A five pointed star
A five pointed star
A five pointed star
4.75/5
Icon of check mark inside a promo stamp
It indicates a confirmed selection.
Perks
Offers free assistance to borrowers with poor credit scores
Recommended Credit
620
Types of Loans Offered
Conforming, jumbo, FHA, USDA, VA, refinance
Pros
Check mark icon
A check mark. It indicates a confirmation of your intended interaction.
Can apply online or at a branch
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A check mark. It indicates a confirmation of your intended interaction.
Isn’t limited to just VA mortgages
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A check mark. It indicates a confirmation of your intended interaction.
Free credit counseling
Cons
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No home equity loan, HELOC, reverse mortgage, or construction loan
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Can’t see customized interest rates online
Insider’s Take
Veterans United is currently the largest lender of VA loans, and it earned “best overall” in our guide to the best VA mortgage lenders. It’s a good option for several types of mortgages — though VA loans are its strongest products.
Product Details
Offers mortgages in all 50 US states and Washington, DC
Branches in 18 US states
Refinancing options for VA, conforming, and jumbo mortgages
Minimum credit score listed is for VA mortgages, which usually do not require a down payment
Veterans United Home Loans: Overall Lender Rating
Veterans United Home Loans: Pros and Cons
Veterans United Home Loans Mortgage Rates and Fees
You can see sample VA mortgage rates for different credit score ranges on the Veterans United website. But you’ll need to fill out a form or contact customer support to see rates for other types of mortgages, or to get a personalized rate.
Veterans United rates are competitive with what other VA loan lenders offer. It may charge origination, application, processing, or underwriting fees — but it depends on your specific circumstance.
How Veterans United Home Loans Compare
Veterans United vs. Navy Federal Credit Union mortgages
You’ll want to choose Veterans United for an FHA or USDA mortgage, because Navy Federal doesn’t have these types of loans.
Navy Federal offers a variety of mortgage types specifically for military members and veterans, though. Its Military Choice and Homebuyers Choice programs offer 0% down mortgages for those who have exhausted their VA loan benefit or borrowers who don’t qualify for a VA loan.
Veterans United vs. USAA mortgages
USAA only offers VA mortgages, and you can get either a regular VA loan or a jumbo VA loan with this lender. USAA earned a high score in J.D. Power’s 2023 Mortgage Origination Satisfaction Study, though it didn’t rank because it doesn’t meet study criteria.
If you have a rocky credit history, Veterans United would likely be the better option, since it offers free assistance to borrowers looking to improve their scores so they can obtain preapproval.
How Veterans United Home Loans work
Veterans United specializes in VA mortgages, but it also offers:
It can be hard to find information for non-VA loans on the website, but you can read about all its other options here.
If you want to refinance a VA mortgage, you can choose between a VA IRRRL refinance or cash-out refinance. You can also refinance your conforming, jumbo, FHA, or USDA mortgage.
The company doesn’t have home equity loans, HELOCs, reverse mortgages, or construction loans.
You can apply for a mortgage through Veterans United online from anywhere in the US. It also has branches in the following 18 states:
Alabama
Alaska
California
Colorado
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Kentucky
Nebraska
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington
You can email customer support or talk to someone over the phone 24/7.
Is Veterans United Home Loans Trustworthy?
The Better Business Bureau gives Veterans United an A+ rating. A strong BBB score indicates a company responds effectively to customer complaints, advertises honestly, and is transparent about business practices.
Veterans United doesn’t have any recent public scandals.
Veterans United has a high score in the J.D. Power 2023 Primary Mortgage Origination Satisfaction Survey. Veterans United actually doesn’t qualify to rank because it doesn’t meet certain criteria, but J.D. Power notes that the lender would rank highly if it was eligible.
This lender also has a lot of positive online customer reviews. On its Zillow lender profile, it earned a 4.78 out of 5 stars based on over 5,000 customer reviews. On TrustPilot, it has a 4.9 out of 5 star rating based on over 10,000 customer reviews.
Veterans United Home Loans FAQs
The lender is a good option for several types of mortgages, especially VA mortgages. It’s also worth considering if you have a low credit score, or none at all. Veterans United may let you apply with alternative credit data, such as proof that you pay bills on time.
Veterans United may charge lender fees, such as an application or origination fee — not all lenders charge these types of fees. However, your closing costs depend on various factors, including where you live, how much the home costs, and which type of mortgage you get.
Yes, Veterans United is a direct lender. This means it originates its own loans, as opposed to a mortgage broker, which connects borrowers with multiple lenders to find the best match.
Laura Grace Tarpley, CEPF
Personal Finance Reviews Editor
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Reverse mortgages can be an attractive option for seniors who want to supplement their retirement income, pay off debts, or make home improvements. However, they should be carefully considered as they can have significant financial and legal implications.
Here’s how reverse mortgages work, the pros and cons, and what to consider before deciding if it’s right for you.
What is a reverse mortgage?
A reverse mortgage offers a unique financial option for homeowners aged 62 and older, enabling them to utilize the equity in their home without the obligation to make monthly mortgage payments.
Through this arrangement, homeowners have the flexibility to receive funds in several ways: a single lump sum, as ongoing monthly payments, or through a line of credit that can be accessed as needed. The defining characteristic of a reverse mortgage is its payment structure; rather than the homeowner paying the lender, the lender pays the homeowner based on the equity built up in the home.
This type of loan is specifically designed for seniors looking for additional income streams during retirement, leveraging the equity they have accumulated in their property over the years. The loan balance, including interest and fees, is deferred until the home is sold, the homeowner permanently relocates, or in the event of the homeowner’s death, at which point the estate is responsible for repayment.
Understanding How a Reverse Mortgage Works
Reverse mortgages enable senior homeowners to access their home’s equity in a flexible and strategic manner. This financial tool is especially beneficial for those who wish to remain in their home while supplementing their retirement income, covering healthcare expenses, or funding home improvements, all without the requirement to make monthly loan repayments. The process is straightforward and designed to provide seniors with financial relief by tapping into the value of their most significant asset—their home.
Step 1: Assess Your Eligibility
To kick things off, confirm your eligibility for a reverse mortgage. Requirements include being at least 62 years old, owning your home (or at least having a significant amount of equity in it), and using the home as your primary residence. You’ll also need to demonstrate that you can handle ongoing costs like property taxes, homeowners’ insurance, and regular maintenance.
Step 2: Calculate Your Home Equity
Your home’s equity is central to determining your reverse mortgage potential. Simply, it’s the difference between your home’s market value and any outstanding mortgage balance. The greater your equity, the more you might receive from a reverse mortgage.
Step 3: Select the Right Reverse Mortgage Product
Explore the different types of reverse mortgages available, including the federally insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), proprietary reverse mortgages for higher-value homes, and single-purpose reverse mortgages from certain state and local governments. Each type caters to specific needs and financial scenarios.
Step 4: Get a Professional Home Appraisal
An essential step in the process is obtaining a professional appraisal of your home. This assessment determines your home’s market value based on factors such as location, condition, and the sale prices of similar homes nearby.
Step 5: Undergo Counseling
A crucial step is to undergo counseling from a HUD-approved agency. This ensures you fully understand the reverse mortgage process, its financial implications, and how it fits into your overall estate planning.
Step 6: Decide How You’ll Receive the Funds
Reverse mortgages offer several options for receiving your funds: as a lump sum, in monthly payments, as a line of credit, or a mix of these methods. Your choice should align with your financial objectives and needs.
Step 7: Know When and How Repayment Works
No monthly payments are required with a reverse mortgage. The loan is repaid when the last borrower dies, sells the home, or the home is no longer used as the primary residence. Typically, the home is sold, and the proceeds are used to pay off the loan balance, including interest and fees.
Real-Life Example: Maximizing Loan Amount Through Equity
Imagine homeowners John and Mary, who own a home worth $300,000 clear of any mortgage. They qualify for a reverse mortgage that grants them access to $150,000. Opting for monthly payments, they supplement their retirement income, demonstrating how equity determines borrowing capacity and the flexibility in receiving funds.
Choosing the Right Type of Reverse Mortgage
When considering a reverse mortgage, it’s crucial to understand the different types available to you. Each type comes with its own set of features, benefits, and limitations.
Here, we’ll delve into the three primary types of reverse mortgages: the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), proprietary reverse mortgages, and single-purpose reverse mortgages. By comparing these options, you can make a more informed decision that aligns with your financial situation and retirement goals.
Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
Pros:
Federally insured, offering a layer of security.
Flexible payout options, including lump sum, line of credit, or fixed monthly payments.
Can be used for any purpose, without restrictions.
Cons:
Higher upfront costs, including mortgage insurance premiums.
Requires counseling from a HUD-approved agency, which may be seen as an extra step.
The loan amount is capped, which may limit access to equity for homeowners with higher-valued properties.
Proprietary Reverse Mortgages
Pros:
Designed for higher-valued homes, potentially offering access to more significant loan amounts.
May have lower upfront costs than HECMs.
Not subject to the same insurance and borrowing limits as HECMs, offering more flexibility.
Cons:
Not federally insured, which might pose additional risks.
May come with higher interest rates and fees.
Less regulatory oversight, requiring thorough due diligence by the borrower.
Single-Purpose Reverse Mortgages
Pros:
Typically the lowest cost option available.
Offered by state and local government agencies and some non-profits, intended for a specific purpose like home repairs or property taxes.
Interest rates may be lower than other reverse mortgages.
Cons:
Limited availability, as not all states and municipalities offer them.
The loan must be used for a specific, lender-approved purpose.
Not suitable for those looking for flexibility in how they use their funds.
Making the Right Choice
Choosing the right type of reverse mortgage depends on several factors, including your financial needs, the value of your home, and how you plan to use the funds. HECMs offer flexibility and security, but come with higher costs.
Proprietary reverse mortgages can provide access to larger sums for those with high-value homes but lack the insurance and sometimes the stability of HECMs. Single-purpose reverse mortgages are cost-effective for specific needs but offer limited flexibility.
Before deciding, it’s recommended to consult with a financial advisor or a HUD-approved counselor. They can provide personalized advice based on your financial situation and help you navigate the complexities of each option, ensuring you choose the reverse mortgage that best fits your retirement planning needs.
Eligibility Criteria for Reverse Mortgages
The FHA insures certain reverse mortgages, as long as borrowers meet certain requirements:
Be at least 62 years of age.
Live in the home as a primary residence (or your spouse, listed on the mortgage, must live in the home.)
Be capable of paying property taxes and homeowners insurance, as well as other maintenance costs and fees while you live in the home.
Meet FHA property requirements for the home.
Are you willing to attend a counseling session about home equity conversion mortgages (HECMs).
There are no delinquent federal debts on your account.
You’re more likely to get the money you need if you own your home outright, or if your loan balance is small so that you have a great deal of equity.
Reverse Mortgage Borrowing Limits
When you apply for a reverse mortgage loan, your lender will consider a few factors that will influence the amount of money you receive, including:
Your age
Value of your home
Equity available in your home
Interest rate
FHA mortgage limit for home equity conversion mortgages
Whether your fees are rolled into the loan
How you choose to receive your money
The older you are, and the more equity you have in your home, the more you’re likely to be approved for. Keep in mind, too, that fees associated with reverse mortgages are often much higher than fees for other types of home equity loans. That’s going to eat into how much you actually receive — even if you have a lot of equity in your home.
One of the perks of FHA-insured reverse mortgages is the fact that you don’t have to pay back more than the home is worth. So, if the value drops, and you owe more than it’s worth, you (or your heirs) might have to sign a deed in lieu of foreclosure turning it over to the bank. This is one reason many reverse mortgage lenders won’t actually lend you the entire amount of your equity.
You can use the money for whatever you want, whether it’s paying off debt, covering living expenses, or going on a vacation.
Accessing Your Reverse Mortgage Funds
If you get a fixed-rate reverse mortgage, you’ll receive a lump-sum payment. You can then take that money and do whatever you want with it. However, when it runs out, it’s gone. Some retirees use a lump sum to fund a retirement investment portfolio or purchase an immediate annuity. Others use the money to pay off debts or cover other expenses.
With an adjustable-rate HECM, you have different options available. You can choose to receive set monthly payments for a specific period of time or get payments for as long as you or an eligible spouse live in a house.
If you choose an open-ended payment schedule, you’ll likely get a smaller amount each month. However, you can be reasonably sure that you’ll continue to receive money until you pass on or move into a long-term care facility. With a fixed-term payment schedule, you could see higher cash flow every month. However, you run the risk of outliving the payments and trying to figure out what to do next.
Finally, you can also choose to use your reverse mortgage as a line of credit. You can withdraw funds as needed, up to the credit limit. This is a little more flexible and can be useful if you have other sources of income, and just want the HECM in case you need to fill a gap on occasion.
Pros and Cons of a Reverse Mortgage
If you’re considering a reverse mortgage, it’s a good idea to start with an FHA-approved lender so you receive protection. You can use an online locator to find a counselor who can help you with the process, or you can call 800-569-4287.
Carefully consider the pros and cons, too.
Pros
There are some ways to benefit from a home equity conversion mortgage that you wouldn’t see with a more “traditional” home equity loan.
No monthly payments as a borrower
Improve monthly cash flow
Pay off debt (including an existing mortgage on the home)
Non-borrowing spouse can remain in the home
Loan is paid off by selling the house when you pass on or move out
Cons
While a home equity conversion mortgage might seem like a no-brainer, there are some downsides to consider before you proceed.
High closing costs and other fees
You might not be able to pass the home on to your heirs
Costs associated with property taxes, mortgage insurance, and maintenance must still be paid
You’re draining a major asset—and you might still outlive your money
How to Spot and Avoid Reverse Mortgage Scams
Scams related to reverse mortgages are a serious concern, as they often target vulnerable seniors who may be seeking financial relief or have cognitive impairments. These scams can come in the form of dishonest vendors or contractors who promise home improvements in exchange for a reverse mortgage. However, they then either fail to deliver quality work or outright steal the homeowner’s money.
Similarly, family members, caregivers, and financial advisors may use a power of attorney to obtain a reverse mortgage on a senior’s home and then steal the proceeds. They may also try to convince seniors to buy financial products that they can only afford through a reverse mortgage, which may not always be in the senior’s best interest.
It’s important to be cautious and do thorough research to protect yourself from these types of scams.
Is a reverse mortgage right for you?
With a reverse mortgage, you can use your home as an asset if you know you’ll stay in it for a long time and need a little extra income for retirement. Borrowers who don’t intend to pass the home to heirs may benefit financially from the home during retirement. That is, as long as you can keep up with the costs of maintaining the home and pay property taxes.
In contrast, getting a reverse mortgage loan might not make sense if you can’t afford home maintenance or if you wish to leave your home to your heirs. When you’re no longer living in the home, your heirs will need to sell the home to pay off the loan. If not, they’ll have to pay the loan themselves to keep the house. If there’s enough money in the estate to pay it off, it will reduce how much ready cash they receive when you pass on.
Carefully consider your situation and your priorities before you decide to get a reverse mortgage. Then, make the decision most likely to benefit you in retirement and increase the chance that you’ll outlive your money.
Two Harbors Investment Corp., a New York-based real estate investment trust, announced Tuesday its plan to launch a mortgage origination unit in the second quarter of 2024, less than a year after the company debuted in the servicing business by acquiring RoundPoint Mortgage Servicing Corp. in October 2023.
But don’t expect the firm to compete with big players or grow extensively in originations. The step is part of a defensive strategy to retain customers when mortgage rates drop. Declining rates tend to increase prepayments as borrowers refinance their loans, often away from the existing servicer. This risk reduces the value of mortgage servicing rights (MSR).
Two Harbors’ announcement came on the heels of a reported $444.7 million net loss in the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to a loss of $294 million in the previous quarter, according to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
The firm’s CEO, Bill Greenberg, told analysts that the company’s focus is to “develop a best-in-class direct-to-consumer originations channel to provide recapture” on the company’s servicing portfolio, which totaled $3 billion as of Dec. 31.
Company executives believe that the weighted average coupon rate of the company’s servicing portfolio — 3.45% in the fourth quarter — signals a low risk of prepayments for now. It gives the company some time to build the origination channel from scratch.
“Despite the decline in mortgage rates over the quarter, our MSR portfolio … still has less than 1% of its balances with 50 basis points or more of rate incentive to refinance, which should keep prepayment rates low,” Two Harbors chief investment officer Nick Letica said in a statement.
“We are long away from serious refinancing activity unless interest rates fall precipitously,” Greenberg stated, which makes the executives believe they “have the time to build the platform that we want.” He says the company did not consider an acquisition because other potential structures were built for different environments or have legacy risks.
Two Harbors has already started to hire managers and team members for the new origination platform, which is expected to begin making loans in the second quarter.
Greenberg explained that with the direct-to-consumer platform, Two Harbors can also offer borrowers second-lien home equity loans and other ancillary products.
“We are not going to be a retail originator,” he said. “We are not going to be someone who’s going to compete with the largest guys out in the world. The point of this thing is really to protect our servicing portfolio, to defend our portfolio, to perform recapture on our portfolio.”
Two Harbors executives also told analysts that the capital investment for the mortgage origination unit will be low, as the intent is not to hold the loans. The company will likely sell them directly to agencies, keep the servicing rights and replace the servicing tasks that otherwise would have evaporated due to lower rates.
In October, the company completed its acquisition of RoundPoint. It has already completed nine of 10 scheduled subservicing transfers. The remaining transaction is expected to occur on Feb. 1, with the final “clear up” transfer of loans planned for early June.
Following the acquisition, according to Two Harbors executives, the company became the eighth largest conventional servicer in the country.