When you think of New York, chances are you’re thinking of New York City, home to towering skyscrapers, bustling city life, theater, nightlife, and one-of-a-kind cuisine. But New York state is known for much more than the “Big Apple” – and one of those things is its stunning beach towns. With white sands and sparkling blue waters, there are many idyllic New York beach towns to consider moving to in the state.
But if you’re not sure what coastal cities in New York to check out, we’ve got you covered. To help you find the right coastal area, Redfin has gathered a list of 11 awesome New York beach towns from Coney Island to the Hamptons. Let’s explore some of the state’s top beaches, listed in alphabetical order, and you might just be tempted to move there.
#1: Babylon
Median home price: $565,000 Babylon, NY homes for sale Babylon, NY apartments for rent
Beginning our list is Babylon, one of many towns located along Long Island. About 210,400 people live in this coastal New York town where you’ll find beaches like Southards Pond Park. Living in Babylon, take a stroll around Argyle Park, check out the downtown area, or hop on the Great South Bay Bridge to explore Captree Island.
#2: Brookhaven
Median home price: $600,000 Brookhaven, NY homes for sale Brookhaven, NY apartments for rent
Another one of New York’s great coastal towns to consider buying a home in is Brookhaven, home to 482,400 residents. There are plenty of beaches to visit like Bay View Beach and Fireplace Neck Tidal Wetlands Area, and you can also explore the Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge.
#3: Coney Island
Median home price: $370,000 Coney Island, NY homes for sale Coney Island, NY apartments for rent
One of New York City’s many iconic neighborhoods, Coney Island has about 24,700 residents. There are lots of beaches to explore on a warm New York day like Brighton Beach, Coney Island Beach, Manhattan Beach Park, and Seagate Beach. Make sure to ride one of the many amusement park rides like the Cyclone Roller Coaster, grab one of the many iconic boardwalk treats, and stop by the Coney Island Lighthouse.
#4: The Hamptons
Median home price: $1,250,000 The Hamptons, NY homes for sale The Hamptons, NY apartments for rent
A collection of quaint villages, mainly known for their summer homes for New York City residents, the Hamptons are one of the most recognizable beach areas in the state. With communities like East Hampton, Sag Harbor, and South Hampton there are lots of beaches you’ll want to spend time at. Some of these beaches include Coopers Beach, East Hampton Beach, Indian Wells Beach, Sagg Main Beach, Two Mile Hollow Beach, and W. Scott Cameron Beach. You’ll find plenty of other activities like surfing, paddle boarding, kayaking, or lounging at one of the beaches, visiting historic sites like Montauk Point Lighthouse or the Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center, or strolling down Main Street in East Hampton where you’ll find many farm-to-table restaurants and local shops.
#5: Islip
Median home price: $465,000 Islip, NY homes for sale Islip, NY apartments for rent
Home to beautiful beaches like Islip Beach and Town Beach, there are countless places to spend a beach day in the charming town of Islip. There are about 330,900 residents living in Islip, but there are plenty of quaint spots to check out overlooking the Great South Bay. Other than a beach day, you can explore the Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge and stop at one of the local restaurants in Islip.
#6: Montauk
Median home price: $1,320,000 Montauk, NY homes for sale Montauk, NY apartments for rent
The quaint coastal town of Montauk has about 3,600 residents, making it another great place to add to your list. Montauk is located at the eastern end of Long Island where you’ll find stunning beaches such as Amsterdam Beach State Park, Ditch Plains Beach, Kirk Park Beach, and Lake Montauk. In Montauk, you can check out the views at Hither State Park, spend the day at Fort Pond, and hike through Camp Hero State Park.
#7: Orient
Median home price: $1,150,000 Orient, NY homes for sale Orient, NY apartments for rent
With roughly 1,000 people calling this area home, Orient is a great beach town to consider living in. Some beaches you can visit include Long Beach, Orient Beach, and Truman Beach. You’ll have easy access to what makes this hamlet special, so make sure to visit Orient Point County Park and check out the downtown area.
#8: Rockaway Beach
Median home price: $599,000 Rockaway Beach, NY homes for sale Rockaway Beach, NY apartments for rent
A neighborhood of Queens, Rockaway Beach has a population of close to 13,500. There are plenty of scenic beaches to explore including the namesake Rockaway Beach. If you’re going to call this beachfront neighborhood home, plan time to stroll through the downtown area and check out the beachfront parks.
#9: Shelter Island
Median home price: $1,100,000 Shelter Island, NY homes for sale Shelter Island, NY apartments for rent
There are amazing beaches on Shelter Island, such as Gibson Beach and Wades Beach, all perfect for a picnic. Living in Shelter Island, make sure to spend the day exploring Mashomack Preserve, check out downtown Shelter Island, and take the ferry to nearby North Haven.
#10: Southold
Median home price: $1,480,000 Southold, NY homes for sale Southold, NY apartments for rent
Roughly 5,900 people live in Southold where you’ll find beaches like Cedar Beach Park, Goldsmith’s Inlet Park, Goose Creek Beach, Horton Lane Beach, Paradise Shores Beach, and Town Beach. Other attractions in Southold include having a meal at a waterfront restaurant, exploring the downtown area, or spending the evening at one of the local wineries.
#11: Staten Island
Median home price: $615,000 Average rent for a one-bedroom apartment: $1,600 Staten Island, NY homes for sale Staten Island, NY apartments for rent
This coastal town has a population of 475,600 and there are lots of beaches to spend time outside at. In Staten Island, you can visit Cedar Grove Beach, Crescent Beach Park, Great Kills Beach, Midland Beach, New Dorp Beach, South Beach, and Wolfe’s Pond Beach. There’s always something to check out while living in Staten Island, like visiting the Staten Island Museum to learn about the island, checking out the historic town of Richmond, and exploring the Greenbelt Nature Center and its many hiking trails.
Note, this list is not comprehensive of all the beach towns in New York. Median home sale price data from the Redfin Data Center during June 2023. Average rental data from Rent.com June 2023. Population data sourced from the United States Census Bureau.
Minimum-wage workers shouldn’t bother trying to find a two-bedroom apartment — anywhere in the U.S.
According to a new federal report, “in no state, metropolitan area, or county in the U.S. can a worker earning the federal or prevailing state or local minimum wage afford a modest two-bedroom rental home at fair market rent by working a standard 40-hour work week.”
The “Out of Reach” report reveals in stark terms the financial challenges facing renters, particularly in California.
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A California renter needs to make $42.25 an hour to afford a two-bedroom rental unit, the highest figure in the nation, according to the new study. The mean hourly wage for California renters, by contrast, is only $33.67.
Hawaii, Massachusetts, New York and Washington were the next four most expensive states after California, with renters needing to make at least $35 hourly to afford a two-bedroom apartment.
In California, Cristian Morales, 33, is an example of the struggle facing hourly wage earners to secure decent housing.
He makes $21 an hour as a laundry attendant at the Hilton Pasadena. The job, which he has held for nearly five years, can be stressful. “We have to be moving all the time and sometimes there’s not time to get our 10-minute breaks,” he said.
The hotel is frequently short-staffed, Morales said, which sometimes means that a 14-story chute gets packed with linens “all the way to the sixth floor” before he can get to it.
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Along with his wife and five children, Morales lived in a rental apartment in North Hills until 2020, when they could no longer afford the apartment. “Rent in L.A. went up, it’s super up. Groceries are up,” he said.
The family moved in with Morales’ in-laws in Baldwin Park, where three of the kids live in the front house, with their grandparents and the rest of the family living in the back house.
“Of course, I want my own place,” Morales said. “It’s not the same living with your father- and mother-in-law.”
The eight most expensive counties for renters in America were all in California, including Santa Barbara and Orange counties in Southern California, according to the report from the National Low Income Housing Coalition.
In the four most expensive counties — Santa Cruz, Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo — a renter needs to make more than $60 an hour to afford a two-bedroom unit.
Santa Cruz County, where the mean renter income was estimated at $22.39 an hour, had the biggest discrepancy between actual income and the income required to afford a two-bedroom. The mean renter only made 34% of the income necessary to afford such a unit, according to the study.
“The affordable housing crisis worsened over the past few years as the COVID-19 pandemic, unusually low housing vacancy rates, skyrocketing rental prices and record-breaking inflation exacerbated the financial insecurity of low-income renters,” the report states.
California is the most renter-heavy state in the country, with 45% of housing units occupied by renters. Within the state, Los Angeles and San Francisco counties, where the rates are 62% and 54%, respectively, stand out.
Apartment owners are also speaking out about rents.
“We have been screaming for years and years that the lack of supply and construction of new housing is leading to this increase,” said Fred Sutton, a spokesperson for the California Apartment Assn., a group representing the rental housing industry.
“The costs of operating housing have skyrocketed over the last several years,” he said, noting that rent control, inflation and operating costs are factors in adjusting rents.
“Housing is becoming more and more scarce in the state, and some of the local municipalities have made it ever-increasingly harder to obtain,” Sutton said. He argued for reduced regulations on housing construction.
In all but three of California’s 58 counties, the mean wage for renters was not enough to afford a two-bedroom rental. The three counties where wages were high enough were all high-rent locales in the Bay Area: San Francisco, Santa Clara and San Mateo.
The report states that “renters are facing the effects of a long-standing trend in which rents have risen faster than wages.” Between 2001 and 2021, according to the report, median rents increased 17.9%, while median household income went up 3.2%.
In Arkansas, the nation’s cheapest state for renters, a renter can afford a two-bedroom unit with an hourly income of $16.27. That’s about one-third of the cost in California.
The Dakotas, Mississippi and West Virginia, all with hourly wages between $16 and $18, rounded out the five least expensive states. Minimum wages in all five states are far below California’s $15.50 rate: Arkansas’ is the highest, at $11, and North Dakota and Mississippi are the lowest, benchmarked to the federal level of $7.25.
For Morales, affordable housing for his family is a pipe dream. “In reality, we checked about a year ago, but it’s too expensive. It’s not like we can move to a single — I’ve got five kids.”
“It’s super hard to even find a place that we can all fit and have a little freedom,” he said.
Higher wages could make a difference. Morales belongs to the Unite Here Local 11 hotel workers’ union, and plans to go on strike this weekend alongside thousands of others, calling for higher wages.
“We’re ready, we’re motivated, and we believe that we deserve what we’re asking for,” he said.
What’s the first sign that a movie is going to be bad? I’ll go first. When you can tell that the trailer used all its best footage. Sometimes you can just tell, and it never fails to prove true. After someone asked for other examples in an online film forum, here is what moviegoers had to say.
1. Multiple Comedy Trailers Highlighting the Same Joke
When you have seen multiple trailers for the same comedy movie, and they are all centered around the same joke or laughing point, that’s when you know something is up. One individual pointed out, “That’s usually the only joke in the movie.”
2. The Remake of a Previously Successful Movie
If a film or film franchise was already successful, what reason do you have to try to make a reboot? Many agreed, “Feels like it’s just a safe money-grab. It would be cool if movies that didn’t do so hot get reworked into good movie remakes, but I guess that’s too much of a risk for studios to bother with.”
3. Visual Effects and Celebrity Presence
When the only focal point of the film is the significant celebrity presence or the overwhelming reliance on visual effects to captivate the audience, get yourself out of there; it’s going to be a stinker, my friend.
4. Death by Exposition
Exposition in a film can be a helpful tool to move along plot points, highlight character traits, or even just illuminate specific details. What is not helpful is when there is a character giving an exposition to a fellow character who should already know what’s going on.
5. Multiple Writers, Lack of a Clear Idea
We have all seen movie credits that list multiple writers without realizing the correlation to the incoherent plot of the story. It doesn’t always happen, but when there are more than two or three writers, the film can lack coherency. It’s like “the too many cooks in the kitchen mentality.”
6. It’s the Best Movie of the Year, in Late March
It’s a clear sign that the movie has a good chance of flopping when advertised as the “Best Movie of the Year” or “The #1 Movie of the Year.” How can a studio declare something so daring at such an early stage in the year? It’s insane.
7. Someone Is Shrugging on the Ad Poster
Several people shared, “I like to imagine that when they take the photo shoot for the movie posters and promotional material, the lead actor/actress just shrugs like ‘I don’t know what I’m doing here or why I took this gig, but a paycheck’s a paycheck I guess.”
8. Production Took How Long?
Several filmaholics noted the film Chaos Walking. “It changed screenwriter, director, and production company so many times over ten years. It was sold on it being a Charlie Kauffman movie starring Daisy Ridley and Tom Holland. But, unfortunately, Kauffman left in 2013; Ridley and Holland filmed it over years due to so many reshoots and failed screenings.”
9. Snack Refill Without Pausing the Movie
For us, adamant movie viewers, a great perk to home movie viewing is the ability to pause, rewind, etc., as we please. When you have to get up within the first five to ten minutes of the movie and don’t feel the need to pause it, you know this movie isn’t going to be too good.
10. The Trailer Can’t Hide the Terrible Acting
When a well-edited trailer can’t hide how terrible the dialogue of a film is, there’s no hope for the movie at all. You have to remember that the trailer is what visually draws the moviegoer in. If the studio can’t manage to put their best foot forward at the most crucial time, you can’t expect much for the rest of the movie.
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We’ve all heard the famous adage that “no publicity is bad publicity,” and while it tends to be accurate, there are certainly exceptions. But what about those few stars who stay out of the limelight and get along without a hint of trouble?
These 7 Celebrities are Genuinely Good People
Have you ever known someone and thought you liked them—until you learned about their hobbies? Then you get to know them and then you’re like, “Wow, red flag.” Well, you’re not alone.
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Some celebrities definitely seem to enjoy the limelight and keep working to stay in the public eye. While others quickly move out of the spotlight. Many of these actors and actresses stepped out of the spotlight to live a more private life without constant media pressures.
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We’ve all been there – sitting through a movie that we can’t help but cringe at, but somehow it still manages to hold a special place in our hearts.
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Since the dawn of streaming, thousands of services have popped onto the scene. As you look for the best streaming service out there, it is easy to feel overwhelmed. After all, there are just so many options vying for your attention.
So, how can you determine which streaming service offers you the absolute best value? Today I’ll dive into the details with a breakdown of the top eight streaming services that offer the most bang for your buck.
Let’s dive in!
What’s Ahead:
Overview of the best values in streaming
Streaming service
Best for
Cost
Free trial
Are there commercials?
Popular shows and movies
Add-on options
Netflix
Diverse interests
$8.99 to $17.99 per month
No
No
Narcos, Bridgerton, Ozark, The Queen’s Gambit, Virgin River
N/A
Disney+
Families with young children
$8.99 to $13.99 per month
No
No
The Mandalorian, WandaVision,The Lion King, Mulan
ESPN+ Hulu (with ads)
Hulu
Currently on-air TV shows
$5.99 to $64.99 per month
Yes
Yes, at the lowest price point
The Handmaid’s Tale, This is Us, Cruel Summer
Disney+ ESPN+ HBO Max SHOWTIME STARZ CINEMAX
Amazon Prime Video
Free shipping shoppers
$8.99 per month, or included in your Amazon Prime Membership
Yes
No
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Goliath, The Main in the High Castle
Included with your Amazon Prime Membership
HBO Max
Movie buffs
$14.99 per month
No
No
The Sopranos, Game of Thrones, FRIENDS: The Reunion
N/A
Crackle
No-cost streaming
Free
N/A
Yes
Lemony Snicket’s A Series of Unfortunate Events, Going From Broke, War
N/A
Sling TV
Live TV
$35 to $50+ per month
No
Yes
NFL Network, HGTV, AMC, Bravo, BBC, ESPN, TLC
SHOWTIME, STARZ, EPIX, CineFest, CineMoi, Comedy Dynamics, etc.
Peacock
Classic sitcom aficionados
$0 to $9.99 per month
Yes
Yes, with some content
The Office, Parks and Recreation, Downton Abbey, Modern Family
N/A
Netflix
Types of content – Originals, TV shows, documentaries, movies.
Cost –$8.99 to $17.99 per month.
Number of shows – About 15,000 titles.
Free trial –No.
Year created –1997.
No conversation about streaming services would be complete without including Netflix. As the original streaming giant, it is not surprising that Netflix still offers its customers great value.
In fact, the streaming giant offers 1,326 TV shows and 4,339 movies to viewers within the U.S. This large number of titles translates into thousands of hours of content for subscribers.
Although Netflix originally hosted popular shows created by other networks, the company has pivoted to focus its efforts on creating original content in recent years. As this transition occurs, some popular titles have left the streaming platform while new shows and movies are created exclusively for subscribers.
Over time, the cost of streaming Netflix has risen. However, it is still a relatively affordable way to gain access to thousands of hours’ worth of content. You can explore the exclusive titlesbefore signing up to ensure there’s something you are interested in.
Learn more about Netflix.
Disney+
Types of content – Originals, TV shows, documentaries, movies.
Cost – $7.99 to $13.99 per month.
Number of shows – About 7,000 TV episodes and 500 films.
Free trial –No.
Year created –2019.
Disney+ launched late in 2019. Although the entertainment giant was not the first on the streaming scene, it picked up over 100 million subscribers in just 16 months. The draw of Disney’s extensive catalog of original movies and TV shows has drawn new subscribers quickly.
Through Disney+, you’ll have access to different branded content, including National Geographic, the Star Wars universe, the Marvel universe, and Disney classics. Of course, there are thousands of hours of content that Disney has created in its long history on the streaming platform. But the CEO, Bob Capek, has also announced that Disney+ intends to add at least 100 new titles to the platform each year.
Beyond this extensive library, Disney+ gives you the option to bundle with ESPN+ and Hulu for just a few dollars a month. With that, you’ll have access to everything in Disney+ and live sports!
All in all, Disney+ is a perfect option for families with a wide range of interests.
Learn more about Disney+.
Hulu
Types of content – Originals, network channels, TV shows, documentaries, movies.
Cost – $5.99 to $64.99 per month.
Number of shows – About 2,700+ titles.
Free trial –Yes.
Year created –2007.
Hulu is a streaming platform that has been available for many years. However, what sets this service apart is the ability to stay up to date with shows that are currently airing on TV.
With that, you’ll have the option to cut your cable expenses and switch over to a streaming service. Not only will you have access to the latest episode, but also the previous seasons of most shows. In addition to shows that are airing on major networks, Hulu also offers some original content.
A disadvantage of Hulu is that a base subscription won’t provide a commercial-free experience. At the $5.99 price point, you’ll gain access to the platform. But you’ll still have to suffer through commercials. You’ll need to pay $11.99 per month to enjoy your shows without sitting through commercials.
An interesting feature offered by Hulu is the Live TV option. With this option, you’ll gain access to over 75 channels without getting cable. If you worry about missing your shows live, then this streaming service could be the best option for you.
Learn more about Hulu.
Amazon Prime Video
Types of content – Originals, TV shows, documentaries, movies, sports.
Cost – $8.99 per month, or included in your Amazon Prime Membership.
Number of shows– About 24,000 movies and 2,100+ shows.
Free trial –Yes.
Year created –2006.
Amazon Prime Video is known for offering worthwhile original content.
The depth of their original content library is shallower than what streaming giants like Netflix and Disney+ can offer. However, there are still many hidden gems in the Prime Video library. Additionally, the recent purchase of MGM by Amazon should dramatically boost the number of titles available through Prime Video.
If you are worried about missing out on sports, Amazon has you covered. Beyond TV shows and movies, Amazon also offers Thursday Night Football games. Additionally, recent deals with Comedy Central and Nickelodeon have brought more content to the platform for children and families looking to laugh.
As a streaming service, Amazon Prime Video offers a lot of value. But you can get even more bang for your buck if you choose to access Prime Video through an Amazon Prime membership. At $12.99 per month, you’ll get free shipping on thousands of items. Plus, access to this extensive content library.
Learn more about Amazon Prime Video.
HBO Max
Types of content – Originals, TV shows, documentaries, movies.
Cost – $14.99 per month.
Number of shows– About 2,000 titles.
Free trial – No.
Year created:2020.
HBO Max is a relatively new streaming service, but HBO has been around for a while. In fact, you’ve probably heard of HBO’s track record for creating outstanding original content. For example, Game of Thrones was an HBO original that took the world by storm.
Not only does HBO have a track record for creating outstanding original content, but the platform also has exclusive movie rights to some of the latest movies. So if you are a movie buff that wants access to the newest movies as soon as possible, HBO Max is likely the way to go for Warner Bros. Pictures’ movies.
Although the sheer amount of content available on HBO is less than other platforms, the quality of the content is stellar. All things considered, you may choose to go with HBO Max for the quality, but you might miss out on the quantity available on other platforms. Of course, there is only so much TV you can stream. With that, HBO Max may have plentiful content for your needs.
Learn more about HBO Max.
Crackle
Types of content – TV shows, documentaries, movies.
Cost – Free.
Number of shows – About 1,000+ movies and 70+ TV shows.
Free trial –N/A.
Year created –2004.
Crackleis a free streaming service that you can access by creating an account. Although the platform is free, you’ll have to put up with commercials to stream any content.
With a large amount of free content, you’ll find that the quality is hit or miss. The platform itself is a little bit outdated, but overall, it is relatively easy to navigate once you figure out the different groupings.
Essentially, you’ll have to decide if you are comfortable sitting through commercials while watching your TV shows. Since the price is free and there are some interesting titles, you can always give Crackle a try.
Learn more about Crackle.
Sling TV
Types of content – Network channels, sports.
Cost – $35 to $50+ per month.
Number of shows – About 5,000 titles.
Free trial –No.
Year created –2015.
If you are hanging onto your expensive cable package just so that you can watch a handful of channels, then Sling TV is the answer you’ve been looking for. You’ll be able to choose which collection of channels you want to pay for.
With over 45 channels available in a package, it is likely you’ll find everything you are looking for. If not, you’ll have the opportunity to add on additional channels for an extra fee. With that, you can essentially customize your cable experience and cut down on costs.
When you pay for Sling TV, you’ll be able to watch the selected channels live. Plus, you’ll be able to watch on-demand shows through your DVR.
Overall, Sling TV provides a great option for anyone looking to cut cable without letting go of their favorite channels.
Learn more about Sling TV.
Peacock
Types of content – Originals, TV shows, documentaries, movies.
Cost – $0 to $9.99 per month.
Number of shows – About 20,000 hours of titles.
Free trial –Yes.
Year created –2020.
As a relatively recent creation, Peacock offers a lot of standout content. Most notably, fans of recent hit sitcoms will be impressed with the binge-worthy lineup, including The Office, 30 Rock, and Parks and Recreation.
The new platform offers a fairly deep collection of content. Plus, you’ll have the ability to watch for free if you don’t mind sitting through commercials.
If you have a penchant for rewatching your favorite comedies, then Peacock offers a worthwhile service. Additionally, the NBC-owned platform seems committed to adding content that will range beyond their hit comedies.
Learn more about Peacock.
How we came up with our list of best values in streaming
As we explored streaming services, we looked at a variety of factors when pulling out the best of the best. We researched the price, the quality of the content available, the quantity of content available, and other unique features that make each platform stand out. The selections above were chosen to represent the best available in a range of categories.
What is a streaming service?
A streaming service is a platform that provides a media format that can be consumed continuously. As a user, you won’t need a lot of storage space to access the media.
In this article, we’ve looked at streaming services that provide video content. However, there are also streaming services that offer audio content, such as Spotify or Pandora.
Why should you use a streaming service?
Affordability
The average household cable package costs around $217 per month. That’s a lot of cash that you could use to accomplish other things, like building your retirement savings or saving up for your next vacation.
Streaming services offer an affordable way to cut your entertainment costs without missing out on enjoyable content.
Commercial-free options
There are not too many of us that enjoy sitting through a commercial. After all, there are only so many hours in a day. You don’t want to waste precious time sitting through an annoying commercial. Many streaming services offer commercial-free options to help you eliminate this annoying distraction.
Killer content on your schedule
A streaming service allows you to watch the shows you want to when you want to. Instead of trying to time your TV watching, you can simply press play whenever.
This freedom doesn’t mean that you have to watch mediocre shows. In fact, the streaming services above offer access to some of the most popular shows and movies available.
Flexibility
When you sign up for a streaming service, you may not be locked into a contract. So if you run out of content that you want to watch on a particular platform, then just cancel until a new show piques your interest.
Why shouldn’t you use a streaming service?
You don’t watch any TV
If you don’t regularly watch TV, then a streaming service might not be worth it. Consider whether or not the amount of time you spend watching TV justifies a streaming expense.
Limited sports options
If you are a sports fan who wants to watch particular games, do some research about where the games will be available. In some cases, you may not find a streaming service that offers access to the sporting events you care about.
Most important features of a streaming service
Here’s what to look for as you explore your streaming options:
Cost
First things first, make sure that the streaming service you choose fits into your budget. Otherwise, you might want to go with one of the many free options.
Content
The content available on a streaming platform will really help you determine whether or not you want to purchase it. Although there is an abundance of content out there, you’ll need to decide for yourself what interests you the most.
For example, my husband is a big Star Wars fan, and I love Disney movies. With that, we decided to go with Disney+ for our streaming service of choice.
Like many other investors, J.D. and I are fans of taking the slow, sure path to wealth. We invest much of our money in index funds. An index fund is a low-maintenance, low-cost mutual fund designed to follow the price fluctuations of a broader index, such as the S&P 500 or the Wilshire 5000. They’re boring investments, but they work. (If you’re investing for the excitement, you’re doing it for the wrong reason.)
Because of their low costs, index funds have been shown over and over to dominate the majority of their competition. Yet many investors shy away from index funds with the reasoning that “the stock market is too risky for me.”
People seem to think that index funds are simply mutual funds that track the U.S. stock market. And that’s not particularly surprising given that S&P 500 index funds are:
the largest index funds,
the index funds mentioned most frequently by the media, and
the index funds most likely to show up as an choice in your 401(k).
But there are all kinds of index funds aside from those that track the S&P 500. There are bond index funds, real estate index funds, commodities index funds, international stock index funds, and so on.
In other words, you can create a thoroughly diversified portfolio using nothing but index funds.
In fact, I’d suggest doing exactly that. By created a diversified, all-index fund portfolio, you’ll achieve a list of benefits relative to other types of portfolios.
Lower Risk Which sounds safer: Having the stock portion of your portfolio invested in 10 different companies, or having the stock portion of your portfolio invested in several thousand companies from more than 10 different countries? I know some people disagree, but to me it’s a no-brainer.
By constructing your portfolio from index funds, you’ll achieve far greater diversification (and therefore be exposed to less risk) than you would if you constructed your portfolio from individual stocks and bonds.
Lower Costs Both common sense and historical data tell us that one of the best ways to improve investment returns is to reduce costs. Conveniently, index funds carry significantly lower costs than actively managed mutual funds. For example:
Vanguard’s Total Bond Market Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.22%. That’s less than one-fourth of the average expense ratio among bond funds (1.04%, according to Morningstar’s Fund Screener tool).
Vanguard’s REIT Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.26%, or less than one-fifth that of the average real estate fund (1.45%).
It’s quite possible that you could cut your total costs by 1% or more. And while 1% per year may not sound like much, it can really add up over an extended period.
Lower Taxes Index funds have much lower portfolio turnover than other mutual funds. (That is, they buy and sell investments within their portfolios far less frequently than actively managed funds do.) This makes them more tax efficient than other mutual funds for two reasons:
The capital gains they distribute are primarily long-term in nature (and thereby taxed at a lower rate than short-term capital gains), and
Their capital gains distributions are minimized, meaning that you get to defer a significant portion of taxes until you sell the fund.
Added Bonus: You’ll understand what you own. With an actively managed mutual fund, you never know exactly what the fund manager is investing in. With index funds, it’s all out in the open.
Do you (like both me and J.D.) have a portfolio made up primarily of index funds? If not, why? Is there a particular concern that’s holding you back?
I’m a fan of unusual homes. From tiny homes to recycled homes, I’m fascinated by unconventional ways one can build houses that save on construction costs and future utility bills.
Our own house plans are for plastered walls with straw bale infill, and we’re close to breaking ground. But when I picked up the latest issue of granola crunchy Mother Earth News, for a minute I considered scrapping our plans. To live in a grain bin.
You really have to click that last link and check out the photos to see how architects and builders are taking the big round structures pictured above and turning them into stunning homes. I had never heard of such a thing as a grain bin house, but I was intrigued.
Low Cost, Low Impact
You might be wondering, as any rational person would, what would possibly drive someone to turn a grain silo into a house. Turns out there are quite a few reasons grain bin inhabitants chose the structure. Consider the following features:
Eco-friendly. Many builders buy used bins, and they can be recycled. Mother Earth News suggests finding used bins by placing an ad in farm magazines or on your local farm co-op bulletin board, through a local bin dealer or erector, or surprisingly, even on Craigslist and eBay.
Low maintenance. Not fond of painting your house? That’s no longer a task on the to-do list with a grain bin house. The shiny metal will dull to gray, but you’ll never have to pick up a paintbrush.
Cost effective. Bins cost $30 per square foot or less (not including slab or assembly costs). You can get smaller bins for an office or workshop for a few hundred dollars, or sometimes for free.
Visual appeal. Mother Earth News interviewed Mark Clipsham, an architect from Iowa, who says, “…curved forms are used in either the most expensive and prestigious buildings or the most utilitarian and primitive ones. These forms have evolved out of use because of changes in available materials, labor costs and prevailing building methods. But why not use something utilitarian and affordable — a grain bin — to build what is otherwise in the realm of the expensive and exclusive?”
Bells and Whistles
Earl Stein’s 1,800-square foot grain bin home in Woodland, Utah, uses high-tech systems and solar heat gain to use less energy. The house, called Monte-Silo, was designed by Gigaplex Architects out of two linked corrugated metal grain silos, arranged to enjoy a view of the Provo River. The home features the following:
Rubber-covered concrete floors heated by sunlight that pours through the windows
Radiant heat in the floors (Stein says even with the indulgence, his heating bills are far below the average for houses of the same size in Utah.)
Heat retained with computer-controlled drapes
Propane-burning stove
Metal grating and guard rail of the second level deck provide shade in the great room during the summer
Another beautiful example of a high-end grain silo home is M. J. Gladstone’s 450-square-foot, octagonal living room and bedroom combo with and attached angular shed that holds the kitchen, dining area, home office, bathroom, and a closet. Both Gladstone’s and Stein’s homes cost about $200 per square foot.
A Simple, Owner-Built Home
On the other end of the spectrum is an owner-built grain bin home constructed with mostly locally sourced materials. A 3,000-bushel grain bin was converted into two one-room apartments with plenty of cost-saving features, such as the following:
Used grain bin with walls, a roof, and a concrete floor
Straw bale insulation
Double-paned glass windows and doors placed to maximize solar heat gain
Doors, windows, and straw bales purchased locally
Reclaimed wood from a nearby barn
24-watt solar electric system
The owners chose a grain silo home because it could be inhabitable in about three months (before winter). In fact, the speed of assembly makes these structures ideal for emergency situations in areas hit by natural disaster. Final cost wasn’t listed for this home, but it’s fair to say it’s at the low end of costs for a grain bin home.
Grain bins aren’t just being converted into homes, either. People have made offices, workshops, playhouses, storage buildings, and guest apartments out of them. Considering expense, strength, and maintenance, they’re an ideal building material. Unusual? Most definitely. But when you start to think outside the box, they make a lot of sense, too.
What do you think about unconventional homes like these? Would you ever live in one? What about building a workshop or office out of a grain bin?
Today we’ll learn more about “Homespire Mortgage,” which has made the Inc. 5000’s List of America’s Fastest-Growing Private Companies for the past four years in a row.
Aside from being a rapidly expanding mortgage company, they’re also consistently recognized as a top mortgage employer. Happy employees should increase your odds of being a happy borrower.
They pride themselves on breaking the mold, fusing innovative mortgage technology with the power of the human spirit to create a winning mortgage experience.
The company was founded in 2006 by Michael Rappaport (no, not the actor), who also currently serves as their president.
Let’s discover more about a lender borrowers trust, and real estate agents recommend.
Homespire Mortgage Fast Facts
Direct-to-consumer retail mortgage lender
Offers home purchase and mortgage refinance loans
Also an approved Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac seller and loan servicer.
Founded in 2006, based out of Gaithersburg, Maryland
Currently operates in 41 states and the District of Columbia
Funded roughly $2.4 billion in home loans during 2020
About half of total lending volume was in the state of Maryland
Homespire Mortgage is a direct-to-consumer retail mortgage lender that operates 32 branches in 17 states.
They are currently licensed to do business in 41 states nationwide, with Alaska, Hawaii, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming the exceptions.
In 2020, roughly 70% of their loan origination volume consisted of purchase loans, with the remainder refinance loans. In other words, real estate agents trust them to get the job done.
About half of their production was conventional, while roughly a third was FHA loans, and about 12% was VA loans. The rest was jumbo or USDA.
They also just launched a special initiative for healthcare workers that waives lender fees for those battling COVID-19.
How to Apply with Homespire Mortgage
You can request a quick rate quote via their online form
Or apply for a mortgage directly from their website in as little as 15 minutes via ReadyApp
Digital mortgage allows you to import taxes and bank statements electronically
They also have branches in select states across the nation for in-person consultation
One big plus to Homespire Mortgage is the fact that you can apply for a home loan right on their website, with no human interaction.
That seems to be a thing these days, so if you’re the type who likes to go it alone, you’re in luck.
They’ve got a digital mortgage application powered by Ellie Mae known as “Homespire Mortgage ReadyApp” that lets you enter in all your vital information and link financial accounts for a fast and accurate experience.
You can sync your tax returns and bank statements and go from application to submission in as little as 15 minutes.
Once submitted, a loan consultant will get you pre-approved quick, handy if you plan on doing some house hunting.
While technology is great, they haven’t forgotten the human element either – you’re more than welcome to choose a loan officer to work with, or visit a branch if one is located near you.
At the moment, they’ve got branches in 11 states, and over time that number should grow as they work on their nationwide expansion.
When applying via the website, you can select a loan officer or branch location if you’ve been referred to someone specific, or if you know the individual you plan to work with.
You can also simply request a rate quote via the website and a loan consultant will call you to discuss your loan scenario.
Homespire Mortgage Loan Options
Offer home purchase loans with zero down
Down payment assistance available
Refinance loans including streamline and cash-out
Renovation loans via Fannie Mae, FHA, or the VA
Jumbo loans
Fixed-rate mortgages and ARMs
When it comes to loan options, Homespire Mortgage has plenty to choose from for both home purchases and mortgage refinances.
You can take out a conforming loan backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or a government home loan backed by the FHA, USDA, or VA.
Additionally, they’ve got renovation loans (including HomeStyle Renovation, FHA 203k, and VA Renovation) for those who are purchasing or refinancing a fixer-upper.
Those in need of some down payment assistance can take advantage of the fact that Homespire Mortgage participates with federal, state, county, and city governments nationwide.
For those in expensive regions of the country, they also offer jumbo mortgages with loan amounts as high as $2.5 million and LTVs up to 95%.
In terms of specific loan programs, you can get a fixed-rate mortgage, such as a 30-year or 15-year, or an adjustable-rate mortgage, such as a 5/1 ARM or 7/1 ARM.
Like most other lenders these days, the lion’s share of mortgages originated recently have been 30-year fixed home loans.
So they’ve got a loan for just about everyone, whether you’re a first-time home buyer or looking to tap equity via a cash out refinance.
Homeownership for Healthcare Heroes Program
The company also just launched a special program that recognizes frontline healthcare workers who are currently battling COVID-19 nationwide.
Homespire’s Homeownership for Healthcare Heroes Program waives all lender fees for qualified borrowers on home purchase loans.
They say the average estimated savings are $1,520, which gives us a clue about what they normally charge borrowers.
Eligible participants include doctors, nurses, administrative professionals, along with individuals who work in doctor’s offices, nursing homes, and at home healthcare professionals.
The minimum loan amount is $100,000, and applications must be received between June 29th – December 31st, 2020.
Homespire Mortgage Rates
One negative to Homespire Mortgage is the lack of mortgage rate disclosure.
Sure, you can request a rate quote, but it’s nice to see mortgage rates upfront too.
Without knowing their pricing, or lender fees while we’re at it, it’s impossible to know how competitive they are until you get a quote.
As such, you should take the time to compare their quote to other mortgage companies to ensure you get a good deal.
While customer service and convenience are great, the mortgage could be with you for the next three decades. You’ll want to know you didn’t overpay.
Remember to factor in the lender fees, not just the rate, by considering the mortgage APR offered by Homespire Mortgage versus other lenders to accurately compare.
Homespire Mortgage Reviews
In terms of customer satisfaction, they’ve got a 4.98-star rating out of 5 on Zillow based on nearly 1,000 reviews.
After scanning through many of them, it appears most borrowers said both the interest rate and closing costs were lower than expected.
You can also view individual loan officer reviews on Zillow if you enter the person’s name in a web search. Handy if you want to know how someone specific performs as they’re a fairly large company.
On SocialSurvey, they have a 4.91-star rating out of 5 based on nearly 7,000 customer reviews. Again, you can filter those reviews by loan officer to learn more about the individual you plan to work with. Or to decide who to work with!
Homespire Mortgage is an accredited business with the BBB, and has been since 2009. They currently have an A+ rating, which is based on the company’s transparency and complaint history.
All in all, they seem to be highly regarded by past customers for both service and pricing.
Homespire Mortgage Pros and Cons
The Good
Can apply online via a digital mortgage application
Paperless process allows you to sync tax returns and bank statements
Lots of loan options to choose from
Discounts for healthcare workers
Lots of positive customer reviews
Brick and mortar branches for those who prefer human touch
They also service the loans they originate instead of selling them off Free mortgage calculators on site
While there are a lot of new faces and startups in the mortgage industry, few companies have stood the test of time, especially with the Great Recession rearing its ugly head in the early 2000s.
But one mortgage company, Houston, Texas-based Cornerstone Home Lending, has been serving its communities since 1988.
The direct-to-consumer retail lender has more than 30 years of experience doling out home loans to satisfied customers, but also takes the time to embrace new technologies as evidenced by their smartphone app.
Cornerstone Home Lending Fast Facts
Retail mortgage lender based in Houston, Texas
Founded in the late 1980s by Marc N. Laird and Judy Belanger
Licensed in 41 states with 200 offices in 22 states
Over 500 loan officers and 1,500 team members
Funded roughly $6 billion in home loans during 2019
As noted, Cornerstone Home Lending, or CHL for short, has been around a while, much longer than the average mortgage company these days.
They claim to rank #30 nationally in annual home loan volume, and 10th nationally among independent mortgage companies.
In their latest full year, they closed about $6 billion in homes, with a home purchase loan share of roughly 72%.
The rest were home refinance loans, with about 10% of that share containing cash out to the borrower.
A good chunk of their total production consisted of conventional home loans (60%), with another 15% FHA loans, 13% jumbo loans, and 11% VA.
Most of the loans closed last year were 30-year fixed mortgages, though they also originated 15-year fixed mortgages and 7/1 ARMs as well.
Some 30% of total lending volume took place in their home state of Texas, which comes as no surprise.
They currently lend in 41 states and DC, but aren’t available in Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Applying for a Mortgage with Cornerstone Home Lending
You have the option of getting pre-qualified via their website or smartphone app
Visiting a branch office if one is located near you
Or calling them directly to go over a loan scenario and get pricing
To get the ball rolling, you can either visit their website and navigate to the “prequalify” page, or download their smartphone app called LoanFly and then click on “prequalify.”
Both methods require you to fill out a short form with just your contact information, at which point you’ll be contacted by a loan officer.
They say you can get pre-qualified for a mortgage in as little as 15 minutes during normal business hours.
From the LoanFly app, you can also request a mortgage rate or a callback from a loan officer.
Alternatively, you can call Cornerstone Home Lending directly to get pre-qualified or to discuss a loan scenario. Or visit a local branch office if one is located near you.
Branches appear to be located in the following states: AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, FL, MD, MO, MS, MT, NC, NM, NV, OK, OR, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI, WY
It’s unclear if you can actually apply for a mortgage on your own, which is often an option with the most tech-savvy mortgage lenders these days.
Once in contact with a loan officer, they can walk you through the loan process and answer any additional questions you may have.
After your loan has been submitted, you can use the borrower portal to check loan status, upload documents, and satisfy conditions, via the app or the website.
Cornerstone Home Lending Loan Options
Home purchase loans and refinance loans (including cash-out refinances)
Conventional loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Government loans backed by the FHA, USDA, and VA
Jumbo home loans
Fixed-rate and adjustable-rate options available
Cornerstone is currently approved and in good standing with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, along with the FHA, VA, and USDA.
They offer both home purchase loans and refinance loans, but it’s unclear if they offer second mortgages or home renovation products.
The details on their website are a bit scant when it comes to loan options, though they do mention the loan types above, along with jumbo loans.
Additionally, you can get a fixed-rate mortgage or an adjustable-rate mortgage, with varieties like a 30-year fixed or 15-year fixed, and a 5/1 ARM or 7/1 ARM.
So all the usual stuff but nothing too fancy by the looks of it. They say their loan officers have access to hundreds of loan products, which means there’s probably more than what’s listed on their website.
Cornerstone Home Lending Mortgage Rates
Cornerstone doesn’t advertise its mortgage rates online so we don’t know where they stand pricing-wise.
The only thing they say is that they offer “ultra-competitive rates,” which begs the question, why not share them?
Additionally, there’s no information regarding lender fees, so we don’t know if they charge a loan origination fee, underwriting fee, and so on.
If and when getting a quote from Cornerstone Home Lending, be sure to compare it to other lenders to see how competitive they are.
There are literally thousands of mortgage lenders out there to choose from, so put in the time if you want a great rate with low closing costs.
Cornerstone Home Lending Reviews
First off, they’ve got incredible reviews on Zillow, with a 4.96-star rating out of 5 based on feedback from nearly 2,500 past customers.
What’s nice about the Zillow reviews is you can see who the customer worked with, click on that individual’s name, and get all their reviews as well.
This is helpful with large mortgage companies that have tons of employees since experiences can vary greatly from one loan officer to the next.
Many of the Zillow reviews indicated a lower mortgage rate than expected, while many said the closing costs were as expected.
On BirdEye, they’ve got a 4.9-star rating based on about 800 reviews, so they seem to be consistently highly-rated.
They also list a bunch of customer reviews right on their website, which seem to the most recent ones available.
Cornerstone Home Lending is BBB accredited since 1997 and currently has an A+ BBB rating. Their customer reviews on the BBB aren’t great, which is the norm for BBB customer reviews.
Cornerstone Home Lending Pros and Cons
The Good
Excellent reviews from thousands of past customers
A free smartphone app and online borrower portal
Physical branches in many states where they operate
In-house processing, underwriting, and funding
Average industry tenure of its employees is 10+ years
The Possible Not-so-Good
Not licensed in all states
Unclear if you apply for a mortgage all on your own
Don’t list specific loan programs that are available
Do not advertise their mortgage rates or lender fees
In some parts of the U.S., vegetable and flower seeds can be successfully planted directly into the garden. But in many areas, the growing season is too short to allow this.
Cool spring soil temperatures and cold weather can prevent seeds from germinating or kill young seedlings. If you wait until the weather warms, the plants get off to a late start only to be zapped by fall’s first frost; they don’t get a chance to bear a full crop or to put on a full floral display.
There are three solutions for home gardeners:
Buy all of your vegetables and flowers as plant starts, once the weather warms.
Extend the growing season outside with coldframes and rowcovers.
Start your own seeds inside while the wintry weather lingers.
The first choice is best for beginning gardeners who are working on a small scale. The second option is nice for committed gardeners who want to test the limits. Starting from seed, however, is easy, is cheaper per plant and allows a greater variety of choice among both ornamentals and crops than buying nursery plants.
I’m eager each (early) Spring to get my seeds going. On March 1st, I began seven types of flowers and my basil seeds. (As of March 5th, the basil has sprouted, as have a couple of the flowers.) In two weeks, I’ll start tomatoes and a few others, and the squash, cucumbers and more flowers will follow. How do I do it, and how do I know when to start? Here are my tips:
When Should I Start My Seeds?
In order to decide when to sow your seeds, you need to find the average last frost date for your region. In Oregon’s wet and unpredictable Willamette Valley, published last frost dates range from March 23 to May 14. Based on my own experience, I pick the latter end of this range and count backward from May 1st.
Click for full version of our 2009 seed-starting agenda.
I start my tomato plants six or seven weeks before this date. Slow-to-germinate flowers get an eight-week head start. Squashes and cucumbers don’t transplant especially well, but I germinate them inside to protect them from marauding slugs. I move them outside two weeks later before they’ve developed much of a root system.
What Should I Plant Indoors?
To determine what to plant indoors, read your seed packets. Many will list instructions for both inside and outdoor seed sowing. Knowing which to do will depend on your climate. With flowers, I often do both. I’ll start a limited number indoors for “insurance” and then sow the remainder of the packet directly in the garden once true Spring arrives.
Some crops should not be started indoors because they don’t transplant well or because they need an impractical amount of room. I would not recommend starting the following inside:
These cool season plants can withstand planting directly outside even before the weather fully warms. Likewise, things you are going to plant in large numbers should wait until they can be sown into the garden soil. The following are usually grown in sizable quantities:
Corn
Peas
Beans
If you are worried about your short growing season for crops like corn, look for varieties that have a short days-to-maturity period.
Tomatoes and peppers, broccoli, eggplants, cauliflower, melons and squashes can all be started successfully indoors. Herbs and flowers, too, benefit from the controlled environment of indoor seed starting. Let’s get started!
How Do I Start Plants From Seed?
The two most important factors for seed germination are temperature and humidity. The seed contains all the nutrients the plant needs to germinate, so it doesn’t need fertilizer or fertile soil.
Note: Fertilizer may actually prevent some seeds from sprouting. Generally, I avoid fertilizing until plants have grown their first set of “true leaves”, which look different than the first pair that emerges.
To start my seeds, I used the bio-dome from Park Seeds, a device that looks like a plastic greenhouse dome with a styrofoam tray. The tray holds little soil-less planting plugs called bio-sponges. Each plug has a hole in it for the seeds. I don’t normally advocate one product over another, but I really like these.
Seeds sprout best in a light soil; don’t use potting soil or garden dirt at this first stage! You can buy seed starting mix or make your own from peat moss, sand, and compost.
Note: Take care if using vermiculite; it can be a respiratory hazard. I prefer the little soil-less planting plugs because they’re mess free and they pop out easily for transplanting, doing minimal damage to the roots, but other methods work fine too.
Any device that keeps the environment moist and fairly warm will work. You can cover trays of soil with saran wrap or a dry-cleaning bag — poke plastic forks into the soil to hold the plastic layer up off the growing sprouts. Commercial peat pots, yogurt cups or milk cartons (poke drainage holes in the bottoms) or pots made from newspapers (avoid colored ink) all work fine, too.
Set your pots in a tray, tub or rimmed cookie sheet so you can water from the bottom, letting the moisture soak up through the soil. This helps keep the moisture level constant and prevents dislodging seeds with a fountain of water. Do not let the soil dry out! Little tiny seedling rootlets need constant moisture.
Seeds vary widely in size. I like to use tweezers to place them exactly where I want them. In general, seeds should be planted approximately four times deeper than their diameter. Some seeds need light to germinate and should be scattered just on the surface of the soil. Again, read those packets!
I usually put two seeds into each hole. I use three if I think the germination rate will be low. You can test your germination rate by placing ten seeds between layers of moist paper towels in putting them in a Ziploc bag in a warm place. This is a good idea if you have saved the seeds yourself or they are several years old. Do this 2-3 weeks before you want to actually start your seeds.
As you’re planting, take good notes! Make a planting diagram and jot down how many days it takes each type of seed to germinate. Some germination times are given as huge ranges (5-20 days). The happier the seed is (warm and wet), the speedier germination may be.
If you are using individual pots, mark them with labels or masking tape, unless you know for sure that you will recognize what the leaves of your young plants will look like. There’s nothing worse than getting your plants mixed up. This is especially important if you are starting different varieties of the same crop! Free plant stakes can be made simply by cutting up a plastic yogurt tub. Store your leftover seeds in a ziploc bag or glass jar in the refrigerator.
Now that the seeds are snug in their beds, cover them to retain moisture and put them in a warm place. A temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) is ideal, but in March our house is nowhere near 70 degrees! I like to set my mini-greenhouse on a heating pad (a wet/dry safe heating pad set on low) to maintain a more constant temperature, since our thermostat drops to 54 degrees (12 Celsius) at night. Some people recommend putting the seed tray on top of the refrigerator. If your house is more temperate, the heat source is unnecessary. I have often started seeds without a heat source, but peppers and eggplants seem especially fussy about the temperature.
What Happens After the Seeds Sprout?
Once the seeds have germinated (keep them moist!), they’ll need light, nutrients and air. Give them some ventilation and move them to a very sunny window, supplemented with artificial light. There is no need to buy an expensive grow light or full spectrum light. For these purposes, a basic 48″ fluorescent shop light is all you need.
Tip: The type I own has two tubular bulbs per light; they’re available at home improvement stores for less than $20. The critical thing is to hang them in such a way that they can be raised as the plants grow; I use a link-type chain that can be doubled-up on itself to different lengths.
As your plants grow, keep the light about 6″ from their tops. If the light is too far away, the plants will grow spindly as they stretch for it. This can be rather tricky if you are starting different types of seeds at the same time, because they will grow at varied rates. You can lift the shorter ones with shoeboxes or phonebooks to alleviate this difficulty. Once all the seeds in your tray have germinated, remove the cover completely. Too much humidity at this stage can encourage mildew and harm the seedlings.
As you water, fertilize with a weak solution of water-soluble all-purpose fertilizer. I make mine about one-quarter the strength called for. Watch out for crystallized salts forming on your soil surface — that’s a sign you’re over-fertilizing and need to cut back. Turn the lights off for your plants at night (they need a dark cycle to grow properly) but leave the heat on (temperature fluctuations can stunt them).
What About Transplanting?
When the seedlings first sprout, they will usually have a pair of first leaves that look nothing like the true leaves that come later. (Many crops are dicots, but not all.) Watch closely, and soon after they have two sets of true leaves, it’s time to move the teenage seedlings into their first real apartment. Water your seedlings thoroughly an hour or two ahead of time, and then, working carefully and quickly, remove each seedling into its own pot.
At this point I generally use an all-purpose potting soil. Scooping them up from below, try your best to get all their little roots, and handle their tops as little as possible, and always by the leaves, rather than the stem. A damaged leaf can be replaced; a damaged stem often dooms a plant at this stage.
Depending on how long your plants will be living inside, you may perform only one transplant, or you may need two. For my tomatoes, I’ll move them into 4-inch plastic nursery pots first, then into gallon-sized pots before they go outside. Everything else gets one transplant, then into the garden.
Once your seedlings are thriving, it’s tempting to treat them a bit too carelessly. Being started inside in a safe environment, they can’t stand the shock of an immediate change in their conditions. Basically, they are weak, coddled little things. Expose them gradually to the out-of-doors by setting them outside on nice days for a few hours, being sure to bring them inside at night and making sure they don’t get sunburned or blown over. Some gardeners like to have a fan blow on their indoor starts, saying it strengthens the stems to withstand windy outdoor conditions. I can’t vouch for that, but I do think it helps prevent mildew.
Happy Planting
Wow, that seems like a lot of work when I write it all out. But it’s not really! Watching my garden plants grow from tiny seeds is a thrill every year. I love trying new things each spring and learning from my successes and failures. I hope these tips get you well on your way to learning what works best for you. Happy gardening!
High above the Las Vegas Strip, solar panels blanketed the roof of Mandalay Bay Convention Center — 26,000 of them, rippling across an area larger than 20 football fields.
From this vantage point, the sun-dappled Mandalay Bay and Delano hotels dominated the horizon, emerging like comically large golden scepters from the glittering black panels.Snow-tipped mountains rose to the west.
It was a cold winter morning in the Mojave Desert. But there was plenty of sunlight to supply the solar array.
“This is really an ideal location,” said Michael Gulich, vice president of sustainability at MGM Resorts International.
The same goes for the rest of Las Vegas and its sprawling suburbs.
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Sin City already has more solar panels per person than any major U.S. metropolis outside Hawaii, according to one analysis. And the city is bursting with single-family homes, warehouses and parking lots untouched by solar.
L.A. Times energy reporter Sammy Roth heads to the Las Vegas Valley, where giant solar fields are beginning to carpet the desert. But what is the environmental cost? (Video by Jessica Q. Chen, Maggie Beidelman / Los Angeles Times)
There’s enormous opportunity to lower household utility bills and cut climate pollution — without damaging wildlife habitat or disrupting treasured landscapes.
But that hasn’t stopped corporations from making plans to carpet the desert surrounding Las Vegas with dozens of giant solar fields — some of them designed to supply power to California. The Biden administration has fueled that growth, taking steps to encourage solar and wind energy development across vast stretches of public lands in Nevada and other Western states.
Those energy generators could imperil rare plants and slow-footed tortoises already threatened by rising temperatures.
They could also lessen the death and suffering from the worsening heat waves, fires, droughts and storms of the climate crisis.
Researchers have found there’s not nearly enough space on rooftops to supply all U.S. electricity — especially as more people drive electric cars. Even an analysis funded by rooftop solar advocates and installers found that the most cost-effective route to phasing out fossil fuels involves six times more power from big solar and wind farms than from smaller local solar systems.
But the exact balance has yet to be determined. And Nevada is ground zero for figuring it out.
The outcome could be determined, in part, by billionaire investor Warren Buffett.
The so-called Oracle of Omaha owns NV Energy, the monopoly utility that supplies electricity to most Nevadans. NV Energy and its investor-owned utility brethren across the country can earn huge amounts of money paving over public lands with solar and wind farms and building long-distance transmission lines to cities.
But by regulatory design, those companies don’t profit off rooftop solar. And in many cases, they’ve fought to limit rooftop solar — which can reduce the need for large-scale infrastructure and result in lower returns for investors.
Mike Troncoso remembers the exact date of Nevada’s rooftop solar reckoning.
It was Dec. 23, 2015, and he was working for SolarCity. The rooftop installer abruptly ceased operations in the Silver State after NV Energy helped persuade officials to slash a program that pays solar customers for energy they send to the power grid.
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“I was out in the field working, and we got a call: ‘Stop everything you’re doing, don’t finish the project, come to the warehouse,’” Troncoso said. “It was right before Christmas, and they said, ‘Hey, guys, unfortunately we’re getting shut down.’”
After a public outcry, Nevada lawmakers partly reversed the reductions to rooftop solar incentives. Since then, NV Energy and the rooftop solar industry have maintained an uneasy political ceasefire. Installations now exceed pre-2015 levels.
Today, Troncoso is Nevada branch manager for Sunrun, the nation’s largest rooftop solar installer. The company has enough work in the state to support a dozen crews, each named for a different casino. On a chilly winter morning before sunrise, they prepared for the day ahead — laying out steel rails, hooking up microinverters and loading panels onto powder-blue trucks.
But even if Sunrun’s business continues to grow, it won’t eliminate the need for large solar farms in the desert.
Some habitat destruction is unavoidable — at least if we want to break our fossil fuel addiction. The key questions are: How many big solar farms are needed, and where should they be built? Can they be engineered to coexist with animals and plants?
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And if not, should Americans be willing to sacrifice a few endangered species in the name of tackling climate change?
To answer those questions, Los Angeles Times journalists spent a week in southern Nevada, touring solar construction sites, hiking up sand dunes and off-roading through the Mojave. We spoke with NV Energy executives, conservation activists battling Buffett’s company and desert rats who don’t want to see their favorite off-highway vehicle trails cut off by solar farms.
Odds are, no one will get everything they want.
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The tortoise in the coal mine
Biologist Bre Moyle easily spotted the small yellow flag affixed to a scraggly creosote bush — one of many hardy plants sprouting from the caliche soil, surrounded by rows of gleaming steel trusses that would soon hoist solar panels toward the sky.
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Moyle leaned down for a closer look, gently pulling aside branches to reveal a football-sized hole in the ground. It was the entrance to a desert tortoise burrow — one of thousands catalogued by her employer, Primergy Solar, during construction of one of the nation’s largest solar farms on public lands outside Las Vegas.
“I wouldn’t stand on this side of it,” Moyle advised us. “If you walk back there, you could collapse it, potentially.”
I’d seen plenty of solar construction sites in my decade reporting on energy. But none like this.
Instead of tearing out every cactus and other plant and leveling the land flat — the “blade and grade” method — Primergy had left much of the native vegetation in place and installed trusses of different heights to match the ground’s natural contours. The company had temporarily relocated more than 1,600 plants to an on-site nursery, with plans to put them back later.
The Oakland-based developer also went to great lengths to safeguard desert tortoises — an iconic reptile protected under the federal Endangered Species Act, and the biggest environmental roadblock to building solar in the Mojave.
Desert tortoises are sensitive to global warming, residential sprawl and other human encroachment on their habitat. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has estimated tortoise populations fell by more than one-third between 2004 and 2014.
Scientists consider much of the Primergy site high-quality tortoise habitat. It also straddles a connectivity corridor that could help the reptiles seek safer haven as hotter weather and more extreme droughts make their current homes increasingly unlivable.
Before Primergy started building, the company scoured the site and removed 167 tortoises, with plans to let them return and live among the solar panels once the heavy lifting is over. Two-thirds of the project site will be repopulated with tortoises.
Workers removed more tortoises during construction. As of January, the company knew of just two tortoises killed — one that may have been hit by a car, and another that may have been entombed in its burrow by roadwork, then eaten by a kit fox.
Primergy Vice President Thomas Regenhard acknowledged the company can’t build solar here without doing any harm to the ecosystem — or spurring opposition from conservation activists. But as he watched union construction workers lift panels onto trusses, he said Primergy is “making the best of the worst-case situation” for solar opponents.
“What we’re trying to do is make it the least impactful on the environment and natural resources,” he said. “What we’re also doing is we’re sharing that knowledge, so that these projects can be built in a better way moving forward.”
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The company isn’t saving tortoises out of the goodness of its profit-seeking heart.
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management conditioned its approval of the solar farm, called Gemini, on a long list of environmental protection measures — and only after some bureau staffers seemingly contemplated rejecting the project entirely.
Documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by the conservation group Defenders of Wildlife show the bureau’s Las Vegas field office drafted several versions of a “record of decision” that would have denied the permit application for Gemini. The drafts listed several objections, including harm to desert tortoises, loss of space for off-road vehicle drivers and disturbance of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail, which runs through the project site.
Separately, Primergy reached a legal settlement with conservationists — who challenged the project’s federal approval in court — in which the company agreed to additional steps to protect tortoises and a plant known as the three-corner milkvetch.
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The company estimates just 2.5% of the project site will be permanently disturbed — far less than the 33% allowed by Primergy’s federal permit. Regenhard is hopeful the lessons learned here will inform future solar development on public lands.
“This is something new. So we’re refining a lot of the processes,” he said. “We’re not perfect. We’re still learning.”
By the time construction wraps this fall, 1.8 million panels will cover nearly 4,000 football fields’ worth of land, just off the 15 Freeway. They’ll be able to produce 690 megawatts of power — as much as 115,000 typical home solar systems. And they’ll be paired with batteries, to store energy and help NV Energy customers keep running their air conditioners after sundown.
Unlike many solar fields, Gemini is close to the population it will serve — just a few dozen miles from the Strip. And the affected landscape is far from visually stunning, with none of the red-rock majesty found at nearby Valley of Fire State Park.
But desert tortoises don’t care if a place looks cool to humans. They care if it’s good tortoise habitat.
Moyle, Primergy’s environmental services manager, pointed to a small black structure at the bottom of a fence along the site’s edge — a shade shelter for tortoises. Workers installed them every 800 feet, so that if any relocated reptiles try to return to the solar farm too early, they don’t die pacing along the fence in the heat.
“They have a really, really good sense of direction,” Moyle said. “They know where their homes are. They want to come back.”
Primergy will study what happens when tortoises do come back. Will they benefit from the shade of the solar panels? Or will they struggle to survive on the industrialized landscape?
And looming over those uncertainties, a more existential query: With global warming beginning to devastate human and animal life around the world, should we really be slowing or stopping solar development to save a single type of reptile?
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Moyle was ready with an answer: Tortoises are a keystone species. If they’re doing well, it’s a good sign of a healthy ecosystem in which other desert creatures — such as burrowing owls, kit foxes and American badgers — are positioned to thrive, too.
And as the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, human survival is inextricably linked with a healthy natural world.
“We take one thing out, we don’t know what sort of disastrous effect it’s going to have on everything else,” Moyle said.
We do, however, know the consequences of relying on fossil fuels: entire towns burning to the ground, Lake Mead three-quarters empty, elderly Americans baking to death in their overheated homes. With worse to come.
The shifting sands of time
A few miles south, another solar project was rising in the desert. This one looked different.
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A fleet of bulldozers, scrapers, excavators and graders was nearly done flattening the land — a beige moonscape devoid of cacti and creosote. The solar panel support trusses were all the same height, forming an eerily rigid silver sea.
When I asked Carl Glass — construction manager for DEPCOM Power, the contractor building this project for Buffett’s NV Energy — why workers couldn’t leave vegetation in place like at Gemini, he offered a simple answer: drainage. Allowing the land to retain its natural contours, he said, would make it difficult to move stormwater off the site during summer monsoons.
Safety was another consideration, said Dani Strain, NV Energy’s senior manager for the project. Blading and grading the land meant workers wouldn’t have to carry solar panels and equipment across ground studded with tripping hazards.
“It’s nicer for the environment not to do it,” Strain said. “But it creates other problems. You can’t have everything.”
This kind of solar project has typified development in the Mojave Desert.
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And it helps explain why the Center for Biological Diversity’s Patrick Donnelly has fought so hard to limit that development.
The morning after touring the solar construction sites, we joined Donnelly for a hike up Big Dune, a giant pile of sand covering five square miles and towering 500 feet above the desert floor, 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas. The sun was just beginning its ascent over the Mojave, bathing the sand in a smooth umber glow beneath pockets of wispy cloud.
On weekends, Donnelly said, the dune can be overrun by thousands of off-road vehicles. But on this day, it was quiet.
Energy companies have proposed more than a dozen solar farms on public lands surrounding Big Dune — some with overlapping footprints. Donnelly doesn’t oppose all of them. But he thinks federal agencies should limit solar to the least ecologically sensitive parts of Nevada, instead of letting companies pitch projects almost anywhere they choose.
“Developers are looking at this as low-hanging fruit,” he said. “The idea is, this is where California can build all of its solar.”
We trekked slowly up the dune, our bodies casting long shadows in the early morning light. When we took a breather and looked back down, a trail of footprints marked our path. Donnelly assured us a windy day would wipe them away.
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“This is why I live here, man,” he said. “It’s the most beautiful place on Earth, in my mind.”
Donnelly broke his back in a rock-climbing accident, so he used a walking stick to scale the dune. He lives not far from here, at the edge of Death Valley National Park, and works as the nonprofit Center for Biological Diversity’s Great Basin director.
As we resumed our journey, the wind blowing hard, I asked Donnelly to rank the top human threats to the Mojave. He was quick to answer: The climate crisis was No. 1, followed by housing sprawl, solar development and off-road vehicles.
“There’s no good solar project in the desert. But there’s less bad,” he said. “And we’re at a point now where we have to settle for less bad, because the alternatives are more bad: more coal, more gas, climate apocalypse.”
That hasn’t stopped Donnelly and his colleagues from fighting renewable energy projects they fear would wipe out entire species — even little-known plants and animals with tiny ranges, such as Tiehm’s buckwheat and the Dixie Valley toad.
“I’m not a religious guy,” Donnelly said. “But all God’s creatures great and small.”
After a steep stretch of sand, we stopped along a ridge with sweeping views. To our west were the Funeral Mountains, across the California state line in Death Valley National Park — and far beyond them Mt. Whitney, its snow-covered facade just barely visible. To our east was Highway 95, cutting across the Amargosa Valley en route from Las Vegas to Reno.
It’s along this highway that so many developers want to build.
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“We would be in a sea of solar right now,” Donnelly said.
Having heard plenty of rural residents say they don’t want to look at such a sea, I asked Donnelly if this was a bad spot for solar because it would ruin the glorious views. He told me he never makes that argument, “because honestly, views aren’t really the primary concern at this moment. The primary concern is stopping the biodiversity crisis and the climate crisis.”
“There are certain places where we shouldn’t put solar because it’s a wild and undisturbed landscape,” he said.
As far as he’s concerned, though, the Amargosa Valley isn’t one of those landscapes, what with Highway 95 running through it. The same goes for Dry Lake Valley, where NV Energy’s solar construction site is already surrounded by energy infrastructure.
What Donnelly would like to see is better planning.
He pointed to California, where state and federal officials spent eight years crafting a desert conservation plan that allows solar and wind farms across a few hundred thousand acres while setting aside millions more for protection. He thinks a similar process is crucial in Nevada, where four-fifths of the land area is owned by the federal government — more than any other state.
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If Donnelly had his way, regulators would put the kibosh on solar farms immediately adjacent to Big Dune. He’s worried they could alter the movement of sand across the desert floor, affecting several rare beetles that call the dune home.
But if the feds want to allow solar projects along the highway to the south, near the Area 51 Alien Center?
“Might not be the end the world,” Donnelly said.
He shot me a grin.
“You know, one thing I like to do …”
Without warning, he took off racing down the dune, carried by momentum and love for the desert. He laughed as he reached a natural stopping point, calling for us to join him. His voice sounded free and full of possibility.
Some solar panels on the horizon wouldn’t have changed that.
Shout it from the rooftops
Laura Cunningham and Kevin Emmerich were a match made in Mojave Desert heaven.
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Cunningham was a wildlife biologist, Emmerich a park ranger when they met nearly 30 years ago at Death Valley. She studied tortoises for government agencies and later a private contractor. He worked with bighorn sheep and gave interpretive talks. They got married, bought property along the Amargosa River and started their own conservation group, Basin and Range Watch.
And they’ve been fighting solar development ever since.
That’s how we ended up in the back of their SUV, pulling open a rickety cattle gate off Highway 95 and driving past wild burros on a dirt road through Nevada’s Bullfrog Hills, 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas.
They had told us Sarcobatus Flat was stunning, but I was still surprised by how stunning. I got my first look as we crested a ridge. The gently sloping valley spilled down toward Death Valley National Park, whose snowy mountain peaks towered over a landscape dotted with thousands of Joshua trees.
“Everything we’re looking at is proposed for solar development,” Cunningham said.
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Most environmentalists agree we need at least some large solar farms. Cunningham and Emmerich are different. They’re at the vanguard of a harder-core desert protection movement that sees all large-scale solar farms on public lands as bad news.
Why had so many companies converged on Sarcobatus Flat?
The main answer is transmission. NV Energy is seeking federal approval to build the 358-mile Greenlink West electric line, which would carry thousands of megawatts of renewable power between Reno and Las Vegas along the Highway 95 corridor.
The dirt road curved around a small hill, and suddenly we found ourselves on the valley floor, surrounded by Joshua trees. Some looked healthy; others had bark that had been chewed by rodents seeking water, a sign of drought stress. Scientists estimate the Joshua tree’s western subspecies could lose 90% of its range as the world gets hotter and droughts get more intense.
But asked whether climate change or solar posed a bigger threat to Sarcobatus Flat, Cunningham didn’t hesitate.
“Oh, solar development hands down,” she said.
Nearly 20 years ago, she said, she helped relocate desert tortoises to make way for a test track in California. One of them tried to return home, walking 20 miles before hitting a fence. It paced back and forth and eventually died of heat exhaustion.
Solar farms, she said, pose a similar threat to tortoises. And at Sarcobatus Flat, they would cover a high-elevation area that could otherwise serve as a climate refuge for Joshua trees, giving them a relatively cool place to reproduce as the planet heats up.
“It makes no sense to me that we’re going to bulldoze them down and throw them into trash piles. It’s just crazy,” she said.
In Cunningham and Emmerich’s view, every sun-baked parking lot in L.A. and Vegas and Phoenix should have a solar canopy, every warehouse and single-family home a solar roof. It’s a common argument among desert defenders: Why sacrifice sensitive ecosystems when there’s an easy alternative for fighting climate change? Especially when rooftop solar can reduce strain on an overtaxed electric grid and — when paired with batteries — help people keep their lights on during blackouts?
The answer isn’t especially satisfying to conservationists.
For all the virtues of rooftop solar, it’s an expensive way to generate clean power — and keeping energy costs low is crucial to ensure that lower-income families can afford electric cars, another key climate solution. A recent report from investment bank Lazard pegged the cost of rooftop solar at 11.7 cents per kilowatt-hour on the low end, compared with 2.4 cents for utility solar.
Even when factoring in pricey long-distance electric lines, utility-scale solar is typically cheaper, several experts told me.
“It’s three to six times more expensive to put solar on your roof than to put it in a large-scale project,” said Jesse Jenkins, an energy systems researcher at Princeton University. “There may be some added value to having solar in the Los Angeles Basin instead of the middle of the Mojave Desert. But is it 300% to 600% more value? Probably not. It’s probably not even close.”
There’s a practical challenge, too.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has estimated U.S. rooftops could generate 1,432 terawatt-hours of electricity per year — just 13% of the power America will need to replace most of its coal, oil and gas, according to research led by Jenkins.
Add in parking lots and other areas within cities, and urban solar systems might conceivably supply one-quarter or even one-third of U.S. power, several experts told The Times — in an unlikely scenario where they’re installed in every suitable spot.
Energy researcher Chris Clack’s consulting firm has found that dramatic growth in rooftop and other small-scale solar installations could reduce the costs of slashing climate pollution by half a trillion dollars. But even Clack said rooftops alone won’t cut it.
“Realistically, 80% is going to end up being utility grid no matter what,” he said.
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All those industrial renewable energy projects will have to go somewhere.
Sarcobatus Flat may not be the answer. Federal officials classified all three solar proposals there as “low priority,” citing their proximity to Death Valley and potential harm to tortoise habitat. One developer withdrew its application last year.
Before leaving the area, Cunningham pointed to a wooden marker, one of at least half a dozen stretching out in a line. I walked over to take a closer look and discovered it was a mining claim for lithium — a main ingredient in electric-car batteries.
If solar development didn’t upend this valley, lithium extraction might.
On the beaten track
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The four-wheeler jerked violently as Erica Muxlow pressed her foot to the gas, sending us flying down a rough dirt road with no end in sight but the distant mountains. Five-point safety straps were the only things stopping us from flying out of our seats, the vehicle leaping through the air as we reached speeds of 40 mph, then 50 mph, the wind whipping our faces.
It was like riding Disneyland’s Matterhorn Bobsleds — just without the Yeti.
Ahead of us, Muxlow’s neighbor Jimmy Lewis led the way on an electric blue motorcycle, kicking up a stream of sand. He wanted us to see thousands of acres of public lands outside his adopted hometown of Pahrump, in Nevada’s Nye County, that could soon be blocked by solar projects — cutting off access to off-highway vehicle enthusiasts such as himself.
“You could build an apartment complex or a shopping mall here, and it would be the same thing to me,” he said.
To progressive-minded Angelenos or San Franciscans, preserving large chunks of public land for gas-guzzling, environmentally destructive dirt bikes might sound like a terrible reason not to build solar farms that would lessen the climate crisis.
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But here’s the reality: Rural Westerners such as Lewis will play a key role in determining how much clean energy gets built.
Not long before our Nevada trip, Nye County placed a six-month pause on new renewable energy projects, citing local concerns about loss of off-road vehicle trails. Similar fears have stymied development across the U.S., with rural residents attacking solar and wind farms as industrial intrusions on their way of life — and local governments throwing up roadblocks.
For Lewis, the conflict is deeply personal.
He moved here from Southern California more than a decade ago, trading life by the beach for a five-acre plot where he runs an off-roading school and test-drives motorcycles for manufacturers. His warehouse was packed with dozens of dirt bikes.
“This is my life. Motorcycles, motorcycles, motorcycles,” he said, laughing.
Lewis has worked to stir up opposition to three local solar farm proposals. So far, his efforts have been in vain.
One project is already under construction. Peering through a fence, we saw row after row of trusses, waiting for their photovoltaic panels. It’s called Yellow Pine, and it’s being built by Florida-based NextEra Energy to supply power to California.
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Lewis learned about Yellow Pine when he was riding one of his favorite trails and was surprised to find it cut off. He compared the experience to riding the best roller-coaster at a theme park, only to have it grind to a halt three-quarters of the way through.
“I don’t want my playground taken away from me,” he said.
“Me neither!” a voice called out from behind us.
We turned and were greeted by Shannon Salter, an activist who had previously spent nine months camping near the Yellow Pine site to protest the habitat destruction. She and Lewis had never met, but they quickly realized they had common cause.
“It’s the opposite of green!” Salter said.
“On my roof, not my backyard,” Lewis agreed.
Never mind that conservationists have long decried the ecological damage from desert off-roading. Salter and Lewis both cared about these lands. Neither wanted to see the solar industry lay claim to them. They talked about staying in touch.
It’s easy to imagine similar alliances forming across the West, the clean energy transition bringing together environmentalists and rural residents in a battle to defend their lifestyles, their landscapes and animals that can’t fight for themselves.
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It’s also easy to imagine major cities that badly need lots of solar and wind power — Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Phoenix — brushing off those complaints as insignificant compared with the climate emergency, or as fueled by right-wing misinformation.
But many of concerns raised by critics are legitimate. And their voices are only getting louder.
As night fell over the Mojave, Lewis shared his idea that any city buying electricity from a desert solar farm should be required to install a certain amount of rooftop solar back home first — on government buildings, at least. It only seemed fair.
“Some people see the desert as just a wasteland,” Lewis said. “I think it’s beautiful.”
The view from Black Mountain
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So how do we build enough renewable energy to replace fossil fuels without destroying too many ecosystems, or stoking too much political opposition from rural towns, or moving too slowly to save the planet?
Few people could do more to ease those tensions than Buffett.
Our conversation kept returning to the legendary investor as we hiked Black Mountain, just outside Vegas, on our last morning in the Silver State. We were joined by Jaina Moan, director of external affairs for the Nature Conservancy’s Nevada chapter. She had promised a view of massive solar fields from the peak — but only after a 3.5-mile trek with 2,000 feet of elevation gain.
“It’ll be a little StairMaster at the end,” she warned us.
The homes and hotels and casinos of the Las Vegas Valley retreated behind us as we climbed, looking ever smaller and more insignificant against the vast open desert. It was an illusion that will prove increasingly difficult to maintain as Sin City and its suburbs continue their march into the Mojave. Nevada politicians from both parties are pushing for legislation that would let federal officials auction off additional public lands for residential and commercial development.
Vegas and other Western cities could limit the need for more suburbs — and sprawling solar farms — by growing smarter, Moan said. Urban areas could embrace density, to help people drive fewer miles and reduce the demand for new power supplies to fuel electric vehicles. They could invest in electric buses and trains — and use less water, which would save a lot of energy.
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“As our spaces become more crowded, we’re going to have to come up with more creative ideas,” Moan said.
That’s where Buffett could make things easier.
The billionaire’s Berkshire Hathaway company owns electric utilities that serve millions of people, from California to Nevada to Illinois. Those utilities, Moan said, could buck the industry trend of urging policymakers to reduce financial incentives for rooftop solar and instead encourage the technology — along with other small-scale clean energy solutions, such as local microgrids.
That would limit the need for big solar farms — at least somewhat.
Berkshire and other energy giants could also build solar on lands already altered by humans, such as abandoned mines, toxic Superfund sites, reservoirs, landfills, agricultural areas, highway corridors and canals that carry water to farms and cities.
The costs are typically higher than building on undisturbed public lands. And in many cases there are technical challenges yet to be resolved. But those kinds of “creative solutions” could at least lessen the loss of biodiversity, Moan said.
“There’s money to be made there, and there’s good to be done,” she said.
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It’s hard to know what Buffett thinks. A Berkshire spokesperson declined my request to interview him.
Tony Sanchez, NV Energy’s executive vice president for business development and external relations, was more forthcoming.
“The problem for us with rooftop solar,” he said, is that it’s “not controlled at all by us.” As a result, NV Energy can’t decide when and how rooftop solar power is used — and can’t rely on that power to help balance supply and demand on the grid.
Over time, Sanchez predicted, a lot more rooftop solar will get built. But he couldn’t say how much.
Rooftop solar faces a similarly uncertain future in California, where state officials voted last year to slash incentive payments, calling them an unfair subsidy. Industry leaders have warned of a dramatic decline in installations.
As we neared the top of Black Mountain, the solar farms on the other side came into view. They stretched across the Eldorado Valley far below — black rectangles that could help save life on Earth while also destroying bits and pieces of it.
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Moan believes the key to balancing clean energy and conservation is “go slow to go fast.” Government agencies, she said, should work with conservation activists, small-town residents and Native American tribes to study and map out the best places for clean energy, then reward companies that agree to build in those areas with faster approvals. Solar and wind development would slow down in the short term but speed up in the long run, with quicker environmental reviews and less risk of lawsuits.
It’s a tantalizing concept — but I confessed to Moan that I worried it would backfire.
What if the sparring factions couldn’t agree on the best spots to build solar and wind farms, and instead wasted years arguing? Or what if they did manage to hammer out some compromises, only for a handful of unhappy people or groups to take them to court, gumming up the works? Couldn’t “go slow to go fast” end up becoming “go slow to go slow”?
In other words, should we really bet our collective future on human beings working together, rather than fighting?
Moan was sympathetic to my fears. She also didn’t see another way forward.
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“We really need to think holistically about saving everything,” she said.
The sad truth is, not everything can be saved. Not if we want to keep the world livable for people and animals alike.
Some beloved landscapes will be left unrecognizable. Some families will be stuck paying high energy bills to monopoly utilities, even as some utility investors make less money. Some tortoises will probably die, pacing along fences in the heat.
The alternative is worse.
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