Macro Trends Advisors founding partner Mitch Roschelle joins ‘Varney & Co.’ to discuss the housing market under the Biden administration as monthly mortgage payments continue to soar.
New U.S. home construction fell in December for the first time in four months, despite a sharp drop in mortgage rates.
Housing starts decreased 4.3% last month to an annual rate of 1.46 million units, according to new Commerce Department data released Thursday. Refinitiv economists had projected a pace of 1.42 million units. The decline stemmed from a substantial drop in single-family home construction, which fell by the most since July 2022.
However, applications to build – which measures future construction – rose in December, increasing 1.9% over the course of the month to an annualized rate of 1.49 million units. When compared with the same time last year, building permits are up about 6.1%.
“Building permits, a leading indicator of future construction, accelerated in December as builders expect the housing market to improve as borrowing costs fall,” said Jeffrey Roach, chief economist at LPL Financial.
HOME FORECLOSURES ARE ON THE UPSWING NATIONWIDE
Homes are under construction in Sacramento, California, on July 3, 2023. (David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via / Getty Images)
The data comes one day after the National Association of Home Builders/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index, which measures the pulse of the single-family housing market, rose five points to 44. The increase followed a three-point increase in December.
Any reading below 50 is considered negative.
MORTGAGE CALCULATOR: SEE HOW MUCH HIGHER RATES COULD COST YOU
“Lower interest rates improved housing affordability conditions this past month, bringing some buyers back into the market after being sidelined in the fall by higher borrowing costs,” said Alicia Huey, NAHB chair and a custom home builder and developer from Birmingham, Alabama.
A sign outside a home for sale in Atlanta on Sept. 6, 2023. (Elijah Nouvelage/Bloomberg via / Getty Images)
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Sentiment among builders began steadily falling at the end of the summer after mortgage rates shot above 7%, throttling demand among would-be homebuyers. But borrowing costs have retreated over the past two months as many investors believe the Federal Reserve is done with its aggressive interest-rate hike campaign – and will soon pivot to cutting rates.
Rates on the popular 30-year fixed mortgage are currently hovering around 6.66%, according to Freddie Mac, down from a high of 7.79% at the end of October but well above the pre-pandemic average of 3.9%.
The recent decline has prompted a burst of optimism among homebuilders that the worst may be over. However, the housing market is facing new headwinds heading into 2024, including higher prices and shortages of labor and lumber.
Things have been fairly boring for the bond market recently. We’re in a holding pattern along with the Fed where the most abject threats from economic data have subsided, but where clear confirmation of lower rate momentum has yet to materialize. Said confirmation could only come from consistently weaker economic data. Inflation is the most important data, but the labor market is also always a consideration. Today’s labor market data involved the strongest weekly reading for jobless claims in well over a year. Thankfully for fans of low rates, this data isn’t a major market mover. That said, it was a logical market mover today, immediately nudging yields up to new 5-week highs.
Jobless Claims
187k vs 207k f’cast, 203k prev
Philly Fed Index
-10.6 vs -7 f’cast, -12.8 prev
Building Permits
1.495m vs 1.48m f’cast
Housing Starts
1.46m vs 1.426m f’cast
08:45 AM
sideways to a hair stronger overnight, but now weaker after data. 10yr up 1.7bps at 4.123. MBS down 3 ticks (.09)
11:44 AM
Some resilience after the 9:30am NYSE open, but back to weaker territory now. 10s up 3.2bps at 4.138. MBS unchanged.
02:36 PM
Treasuries bounce back modestly, but still up 2.6bps on the day at 4.132. MBS down only 1 tick (0.03).
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Existing-home sales fell to their lowest level in nearly 30 years in December—but that didn’t cool red-hot home prices, with the median price reaching an all-time high of $389,800, the National Association of REALTORS® reported Friday.
Existing-home sales—which include completed transactions for single-family homes, townhomes, condos and co-ops—declined 1% month over month in December and are down 6.2% compared to a year earlier, NAR’s latest sales index shows. But lower mortgage rates, which are now below historical norms, likely will set the stage for stronger sales in 2024, NAR predicts.
“The latest month’s sales look to be the bottom before inevitably turning higher in the new year,” says NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun. “Mortgage rates are meaningfully lower compared to just two months ago, and more inventory is expected to appear on the market in the upcoming months.”
But home buyers nationwide are still facing a dearth of options. Total housing inventory at the end of December was down 11.5% from November, remaining at historical lows. Many would-be sellers are reluctant to trade in their super-low mortgage rates from just a couple of years ago and make a move at today’s higher rates and home prices. This “lock-in effect” has been blamed for subduing housing inventory, along with sluggish new-home construction that economists say isn’t keeping pace with demographic needs.
With home prices continuing to surge, homeowners are watching their equity grow. Yun says 85 million homeowners saw gains in housing wealth last month. The average U.S. homeowner with a mortgage has built more than $300,000 in equity since their purchase date, according to CoreLogic’s equity report.
However, “the recent rapid, three-year rise in home prices is unsustainable,” Yun says. “If prices continue at the current pace, the country could accelerate into ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots.’ Creating a path towards homeownership for today’s renters is essential. It requires economic and income growth and, most importantly, a steady buildup of home construction.”
Homes Still Selling Fast, More Inventory Coming
Builders are trying to ramp up construction, but there are production swings from month to month. Housing construction fell 4.3% in December but remains above 1 million units, the Commerce Department reported this week. Single-family housing permits—a gauge of future construction—posted an uptick last month, indicating that more new inventory is on the way. Still, it’s likely to be a challenging year for new-home construction due to higher mortgage rates and tight monetary policy, says Alicia Huey, chair of the National Association of Home Builders.
“Moderating mortgage rates are expected to provide a boost to new-home construction in 2024, but an uptick in building material prices and a shortage of buildable lots and skilled labor are serious challenges for home builders,” adds Danushka Nanayakkara-Skillington, NAHB’s assistant vice president for forecasting and analysis.
In the existing-home market, homes continue to sell fast. Fifty-eight percent of those sold in December were on the market for less than a month, NAR’s latest research data shows. NAR has predicted a stronger housing market for 2024. Here are more key housing indicators from NAR’s December report:
Days on the market: Properties typically remained on the market for 29 days, up slightly from 26 days a year earlier.
First-time home buyers: First-time home buyers comprised 29% of sales, down from 31% in November.
All-cash sales: All-cash sales comprised 29% of transactions, up slightly from last year’s 28%. Individual investors and second-home buyers make up the biggest bulk of all-cash sales, accounting for 16%, NAR’s data shows.
Regional Breakdown
The following is a closer look at how existing-home sales fared across the country in December:
Northeast: Sales remained flat compared to November but were down 9.6% compared to a year earlier. Median price: $428,100, up 9.4% from the previous year.
Midwest: Sales fell 4.3% from the prior month, reaching an annual rate of 900,000. Sales are down 10.9% from last year. Median price: $275,600, up 5.9% from December 2022.
South: Sales fell 2.8% from November to an annual rate of 1.72 million. Sales are down 4.4% when compared to the prior year. Median price: $352,100, up 3.8% from one year ago.
West: Sales rose 7.8% from a month ago, reaching an annual rate of 690,000 in December. Sales are down 1.4% from the year prior. Median price: $582,000, up 4.8% from December 2022.
“I’m supposed to respect my elders, but now it’s getting harder and harder for me to find one.” Gradually it’s becoming harder and harder to find a bank that does loans outside of its footprint. Finding people in their late 30s or 40’s is not hard: The median age in the United States is 38. There are plenty of people in our industry in their 40s. You know, the 40s… when you’re like an iPhone 6: you don’t have all the features of the newer models but you’re dependable and affordable. While we’re on ages, yesterday a few folks pointed out that Happy Days first aired on ABC (remember network TV?) fifty years ago yesterday. (It went for 10 years until July 1984.) The show was “set” in Milwaukee but filmed in California which accounts for 20-25 percent of residential loan production and is in the news for its ADU policy. (More below.) Today’s podcast can be found here, and this week’s is brought to you by nCino, makers of the nCino Mortgage Suite for the modern mortgage lender. nCino Mortgage Suite’s three core products (nCino Mortgage, nCino Incentive Compensation, and nCino Mortgage Analytics) unite the people, systems, and stages of the mortgage process. Today’s features an interview with recruiter Brianna King on how job candidates can separate themselves from their competition and common résumé faux pas.
Lender and Broker Services and Software
Spring EQ, ranked as the #1 non-bank and #6 overall home equity lender according to reported data from Bankrate (based on statistics from Inside Mortgage Finance,) knows money can be tight after the holidays. Now is the time to assist your borrowers in tackling their seasonal debt! Spring EQ’s fixed-rate home equity loans and adjustable-rate HELOCs (3yr & 10yr) can help your borrowers get the cash they need without refinancing a low first mortgage rate. Need pricing for a loan? Try Spring EQ’s quick Pricing Calculator and get multiple options in seconds! And with Spring EQ, you can earn up to 2.5 percent in broker compensation on HELOCs and HELOANs. Start 2024 off right and join today’s webinar, which will review the many reasons borrowers want to tap their home equity. Think of Spring EQ first for all your seconds. Become a partner now or contact your Account Executive today.
At this point, the phrase “appraisal modernization” is nothing new, but does it make sense? Are you lost in a jargon jungle, unsure what it means for you? This free webinar recording, “Decoding the Modern Appraisal,” clears the fog and equips you with the knowledge to navigate all things appraisal modernization. Consider it your modern appraisal masterclass, your go-to guide. Industry experts like Scot Rose from Class Valuation, Rachel Robinson from Rocket Mortgage, and Julie Giesbrecht from the FHFA answer your toughest questions like: How are lenders utilizing modern appraisal options? What are the real-world results and benefits of these efforts? How do modern appraisals combat bias? What does the property data collection process look like? And more! Get ahead, get informed, and unlock the secrets of appraisal modernization. Click here to watch and navigate this ever-evolving landscape with confidence!
“Discover your secret weapon in today’s mortgage market: the Lakeview Correspondent Team. In an era where reliable partners are vital, our Correspondent team stands out, providing solutions that enable mortgage lenders to not just compete, but thrive. With the Bayview Non-Agency Product Suite, including Bank Statement, DSCR, and Prime Jumbo ARM’s programs, among others; lenders are equipped with the innovative products necessary to pave a successful path into 2024 and beyond. Don’t be left behind: contact our Regional Business Development professionals today and set your team up for success.”
Servicing Assistance and Software
“Can digitization change the customer experience in 2024? Absolutely! Ask yourself if your potential and existing customers can access the information, decision-making, and results they need 24/7, real-time, and from any device? This is the expectation. Regretfully, many servicers have limited capabilities in this area, and past industry volatility may have impaired your organizational capacity to meet the needs of today’s customers. However, bridging the gap between current functionality and delivering a digital experience doesn’t have to be daunting. Our recent blog, “Break the Rules: Reimagine a Digital Customer Experience in 2024,” explores how digital capabilities can be readily incorporated into your existing processes, delivering innovation, self-serve access, dynamic results, operational efficiencies, cost savings, and more. Want to see how? Meet us in Orlando for MBA’s Servicing Solutions Conference & Expo. A reimagined digital customer experience starts with a better approach, better results, and better software. CLARIFIRE®, truly BRIGHTER AUTOMATION®.”
MBA’s Servicing Solutions Conference and Expo is around the corner, which means it’s almost time for Martini Hour. Servbank, the nation’s premier bank subservicer, and Auction.com are hosting a martini hour that promises to shine and be as lively as the city of Orlando. Indulge in martini flights and delicious food while enjoying the company of friends. The martinis begin flowing on Wednesday, February 21, between 5-9PM ET, at Blue Martini, 9101 International Dr #1182, Orlando, FL 32819. RSVP here. No time for martinis? Meet Servbank, the nation’s premier bank subservicer, at booth #601 or set up some time to connect by emailing us.
When your customers are hit by a natural disaster, they can find themselves face-to-face with financial challenges they never would have expected. And since experts predict the number and intensity of natural disasters will only increase, servicers need to rethink how they help homeowners, before the next crisis hits. After all, ICE data shows that most borrowers in forbearance after disaster events ultimately return to performing status. And what’s more, a multi-year analysis revealed that access to self-service technology may help more borrowers stay in their homes during periods of financial hardship. Read more in ICE’s complimentary case study, “Helping Homeowners in Times of Financial Hardship.”
ADUs: As California Goes, So Goes the Nation?
Are you ready to lend on them? AB-1033 gives California cities the option to allow homeowners to sell their ADUs separately from the main house. Accessory dwelling units, also referred to as ADUs and “granny flats,” have been available in California only as rentals. But the new law, Assembly Bill 1033, is giving Californians the opportunity to buy and sell them as condominiums.
California MBA CEO Susan Milazzo sent me a note yesterday. “The California MBA monitored AB 1033 throughout 2023 and worked to ensure certain amendments were taken to address mortgage industry concerns. Specifically of concern was whether the ADU sale would impact the mortgage note on the primary property. Eventually amendments were taken to include that the country recorder cannot record the separate ADU/condominium with the consent of all lien holders, which addressed our major concerns and allowed us to remove our opposition.”
Lenders and property owners across the nation that ADUs come in all shapes and sizes, like converted garages, a small structure in the backyard, or, as often seen in San Francisco, an unused portion of the main house.
Assemblyman Phil Ting (D-San Francisco) drafted the legislation where property owners in participating cities will be able to construct an ADU on their land and sell it separately, following the same rules that apply to condominiums. It gives homeowners more options for building on their property, and “the hope is, it would create more homeownership,” said Ting.
As with new condominiums, homeowners building ADUs must notify the local utilities, including water, sewer, gas and electric, of the creation and separate conveyance of the unit. The main residence and the ADU will have two different property taxes. Each property will also have to form a homeowner’s association to assess dues to cover the cost of caring for the property’s exterior and shared spaces, such as the driveway, a pool, or a common roof.
California, however, is not the first. Selling ADUs as condominiums is having success in places such as Oregon, Texas, and Seattle, primarily to friends or family members. When Seattle removed regulatory barriers that discouraged property owners from constructing ADUs in 2019, the city issued nearly 1,000 ADU permits, more than four times the number permitted in 2018. In 2022, the city permitted 437 attached ADUs and 551 detached ADUs, which it referred to as backyard cottages. Just under half were on sites with multiple ADUs and one-third were part of a development that included a new single-family residence and sold mostly between $500-800k.
The law, with the backing of the California MBA, removes a state prohibition on the conversion of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) to condominiums. It ties in nicely with the FHFA’s goal of increasing the supply of affordable housing. “FHFA asked the Enterprises to review AB 1033 in the form passed by the California Assembly on May 31, 2023. Specifically, the bill’s proposed language related to the separation of an ADU, and lienholder consent (Section 2) does not appear to conflict with the current Selling Guides of either Enterprise.”
A letter sent to the FHFA, which oversees Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, earned a response with, “Your letter requests a formal confirmation regarding the Enterprises’ policies for purchases of loans on 2-to-4-unit condominium projects, including projects that were previously single-family homes with an ADU that are converted to condominiums. Information about the Enterprises’ current policies for condominium projects can be found through these links: Fannie Mae Selling Guide Section B4-2.1-01, General Information on Project Standards, Fannie Mae Glossary 2-to-4-unit Condominium Project Characteristics, Freddie Mac Selling Guide Section 5701.2 Condominium Project Review and General Condominium Project Eligibility, and Freddie Mac 2-to-4-unit Condominium Projects.
Capital Markets
For MLOs who locked their borrowers at the lows, I continue to be asked about why extending a rate lock, if even for a few days for something beyond the control of the borrower, costs money. The cost to extend a best-efforts lock reflects the cost incurred by Secondary Marketing to move the corresponding hedge to reflect the new closing date. It’s an easier concept to understand if you acknowledge the inequity of hedging a mortgage pipeline: best efforts locks, which may or may not close, are given for FREE to Loan Officers, then hedged with mandatory security instruments. When a lock extension is granted, the hedge needs to reflect the change in delivery dates.
For example, when a loan comes in with a 45-day lock, your hedge model will pull from your LOS the estimated closing date, to best execute that loan for delivery into the secondary markets. In the process it determines what month security needs to be sold to off-set the 45+ days of interest rate exposure that loan will incur. If that 45-day lock was taken out January 2nd, with an February 15th estimated funding, a February security would probably be sold as the hedge instrument; a ‘only 7 days’ extension might just mean that loan now best executes into a March commitment, meaning you now must buy-back your February coverage, and sell a March security to match the new closing date. This “roll,” from a front month security to a “back” month, has a transactional cost. Much of the fee charged to extend a loan with your secondary group reflects this cost.
In the next four days we’ll have some Fed surveys, retail sales, import prices, housing-related data, and Michigan sentiment on Friday. Besides bills, Treasury supply consists of $13 billion reopened 20-year bonds on Wednesday and $18 billion 10-year TIPS on Thursday. But today there isn’t much to move rates (NY Fed manufacturing for January, Fed Governor Waller speaking, the Treasury auctioning off $75bn of 3- and $68bn of 6-month bills followed by $70bn 42-day CMBs at 1:00pm, and some bank earnings). Last Friday the U.S. 10-year T-note closed yielding 3.95. This morning it’s at 4.01 while current coupon Agency MBS prices are worse by about .250. (The 2-year is at 4.20.)
Employment
A well-capitalized IMB, based in the NJ/PA tri- state market, is seeking Loan Officers, Sales Teams, or possible acquisition opportunities of small to midsize IMBs in NJ, NY, CT, FL, and PA, while expanding in MD, DC, VA, NC, and SC. The IMB’s focus is a highly personable and high touch experience for LOs and Realtors. Organizationally lean, very competitive pricing, a wide array of products, and much higher LO Comp than what is offered by other larger IMBs. The focus is to attract serious loan officers who want an unparalleled service, where your voice matters and you have a seat at the table in growth. If interested, message Anjelica Nixt for a confidential discussion.
“Sagent named #32 on Builtin’s best remote places to work! Sagent is proud to share our recognition from BuiltIn’s 2024 Best Places to Work awards. Securing positions as 32nd among Top 100 U.S. Remote Companies and 76 among Best Mid-Size Companies in the US, this achievement is not just ours, but a direct result of our dynamic team of talented associates who live our values of relevance, reliability, and relentlessness and exemplify intentionality in fostering this cohesive culture in a fully remote setting. Read the blog to learn more here, and we’re hiring! If a dynamic, remote-first culture sounds like your style, head on over to our Careers page to see if there’s a good fit. Come be a part of the best team in fintech that’s building the future of servicing.”
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The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight announced yesterday that it is changing the way Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must identify and report mortgage fraud in an effort to minimize the ongoing problem.
Specifically, the new policy guidance was altered to require that both companies “immediately” report “insider fraud”, which is defined as knowledge that “a board member, officer, employee, or contractor engaged by the enterprise has or may have engaged in mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud”.
The enhanced rules also require the two mortgage financiers to report any pattern of conduct or behavior that is “interpreted as mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud”.
In a statement released yesterday, OFHEO director James Lockhart noted that it was important to update the guidance of fraud reporting to help protect consumers and the government sponsored entities.
“Mortgage fraud can pose tremendous risks for consumers,” said Lockhart. “This guidance reflects the ongoing work of both OFHEO and the Enterprises in the development and improvement of mortgage fraud detection and reporting,” he added.
Per the OFHEO, the new policy guidance:
– Permits the Enterprises to designate scenarios that rise to a “pattern” of reportable cases of mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud further enhancing their reporting to OFHEO;
– Expands the immediate notification requirements to OFHEO to include situations involving insider fraud;
– Revises the time frame and format of reporting to follow the Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network requirements; and,
– Adds clarifications to the definition of mortgage fraud, which continues to be defined as any material misstatement, misrepresentation, or omission such as, but not limited to, false information contained in identification and employment documents, false mortgagee or mortgagor identity, fraudulent appraisals, theft of custodial funds, non-remitted payoff funds, misrepresentations of borrower funds, and property flipping where designed to falsely inflate property value.
Jumbo Loans
According to an OFHEO report just released, assuming Congress decides to raise the conforming loan limit, Fannie and Freddie would likely only purchase low-risk jumbo loans.
These include fixed-rate mortgages and fully amortizing mortgages, which made up only 30% of jumbo loan originations in the first half of 2007, according to the report.
If a proposed bill were to be enacted, the new conforming loan limit for Los Angeles and Orange County could range from $568,000 to $588,400, and be as high as $625,500 in the Bay area.
But the OFHEO has found a number of drawbacks to raising the conforming limit, including greater credit risk which could have a negative impact on both the GSE’s and the common borrower.
FHA loans have been making homeownership more accessible for decades. Tailored to borrowers with lower credit, the FHA makes it possible to buy a house with a credit score of just 580 and only 3.5% down.
But home buyers aren’t the only ones who can benefit. For current homeowners, an FHA refinance may let you access low rates and home equity, even without great credit.
Not sure whether you’ll qualify for a mortgage? Check out the FHA program. You might be surprised.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
In this article (Skip to…)
>Related: How to buy a house with $0 down: First-time home buyer
What is an FHA loan?
An FHA loan is a mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
FHA insurance protects mortgage lenders, allowing them to offer loans with low interest rates, easier credit requirements, and low down payments (starting at just 3.5%).
Thanks to their flexibility and low rates, FHA loans are especially popular with first-time home buyers, home shoppers with low or moderate incomes, and/or lower-credit home buyers.
But FHA financing isn’t limited to a certain type of buyer — anyone can apply.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
How does an FHA loan work?
The first thing to know about FHA mortgages is that the Federal Housing Administration doesn’t actually lend you the money. You get an FHA mortgage loan from an FHA-approved bank or lender, just like you would any other type of home mortgage loan.
The FHA’s role is to insure these mortgages, offering lenders protection in case borrowers can’t pay their loans back. In turn, this lets mortgage lenders offer FHA loans with lower interest rates and looser standards for qualifying.
The one catch — if you want to call it that — is that you pay for the FHA insurance that protects your mortgage lender. This is called “mortgage insurance premium” or MIP for the life of the loan or until the FHA home loan is refinanced into another type of mortgage. We go over this in detail below.
Types of FHA loans
FHA loans offer various options to meet different home buying needs. These government-backed loans are designed to make homeownership more accessible, especially for those with less-than-perfect credit scores or limited savings.
Each type of FHA loan is tailored to different financial situations and home buying needs. Here’s what you can expect.
Compare FHA loan quotes from multiple lenders. Start here
FHA mortgage loan
An FHA mortgage is ideal for first-time home buyers, requiring a minimum credit score of 580 for a 3.5% down payment. Those with credit scores between 500 and 579 can still qualify for a 10% down payment. These loans are popular due to their lenient credit score requirements and low-down payment options.
FHA rate-and-term refinance
An FHA refinance loan is suited for borrowers looking to improve their loan terms or lower interest rates, especially if their credit scores have improved since obtaining their original mortgage. It offers a way to adjust loan terms to better fit current financial situations.
FHA Streamline Refinance
For current FHA loan holders, the FHA Streamline Refinance provides an efficient way to refinance with minimal documentation and underwriting. It often results in lower interest rates and can potentially reduce mortgage insurance premiums. This option is advantageous for those who want to refinance without a complicated process.
FHA cash-out refinance
An FHA cash-out refinance allows homeowners to tap into their home equity, converting it into cash. It requires a minimum credit score of 620, and borrowers must leave at least 15% equity in their home after the refinance. It’s suitable for those needing extra funds for expenses or investments.
FHA Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
HECM is a reverse mortgage for homeowners aged 62 and older, allowing the conversion of home equity into cash. It provides financial flexibility for seniors by enabling access to their home equity without selling the home.
FHA 203(k) loan
The FHA 203(k) loan is designed for home purchases requiring renovations. It combines the cost of the home and renovation expenses into one loan. Borrowers must meet specific credit score requirements and ensure that renovations are completed within six months.
FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage
This loan type allows borrowers to include energy-efficient upgrades in their FHA loan. It’s aimed at reducing utility costs and increasing the home’s environmental friendliness, thereby potentially increasing its value.
Section 245(a) loan
The Section 245(a) program is for borrowers expecting an increase in their income. It offers a graduated payment schedule that starts low and increases over time, aligning with anticipated income growth. This loan is particularly beneficial for young professionals expecting career advancement.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan requirements
Homeownership can be a liberating experience, especially for first-time buyers. With their flexible guidelines and government backing, FHA home loans provide a welcoming path.
Understanding FHA loan requirements can make the process much easier, opening the door to a future in your ideal home.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
To be eligible for an FHA loan, applicants must adhere to specific guidelines:
The property must undergo a home appraisal by an FHA-approved appraiser.
The property must serve as the applicant’s primary residence; investment properties and second homes are not eligible.
Occupancy of the property is required within two months following the closing.
A mandatory inspection is conducted to ensure the property meets FHA’s basic standards.
There are a few more specific conditions to qualify, such as a down payment amount, mortgage insurance, credit score, loan limits, and income requirements.
FHA loan down payment requirements
FHA loans require a minimum down payment, which varies based on credit score. For credit scores of 580 and above, a minimum down payment of 3.5% is required. Borrowers with credit scores between 500 and 579 must make a 10% down payment.
FHA mortgage insurance premiums
FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is what makes the FHA program possible. Without the MIP, FHA-approved lenders would have little reason to make FHA-insured loans.
There are two kinds of MIP required for an FHA loan. One is paid as a lump sum when you close the loan, and the other is an annual premium, which becomes less expensive each year as you pay off the loan balance:
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP) = 1.75% of the loan amount for current FHA loans and refinances
Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) = 0.85% of the loan amount for most FHA loans and refinances
MIP is split into monthly payments that are included in your mortgage payment. You’ll have to pay FHA insurance for the life of the loan or if you refinance into another type of mortgage loan.
The good news is that, as a homeowner or home buyer, your FHA loan’s MIP rates have dropped. Today’s FHA MIP costs are now as much as 50 basis points (0.50%) lower per year than they were in previous years.
Also, you have ways to reduce what you’ll owe in FHA MIP.
Depending on your down payment and loan term, you can reduce the length of your mortgage insurance to 11 years instead of the entire loan.
Loan term
Original down payment
MIP duration
20, 25, 30 years
Less than 10%
Life of loan
20, 25, 30 years
More than 10%
11 years
15 years or less
Less than 10%
Life of loan
15 years or less
More than 10%
11 years
Or, you could refinance out of FHA MIP at a later date.
With FHA interest rates as competitive as they are today, refinancing could reduce your monthly mortgage payments and cancel your mortgage insurance premium if you have enough equity in the home.
Check your FHA loan rates. Start here
FHA loan credit score minimums
The minimum credit score requirement for an FHA loan is 500. However, a score of 580 or higher allows for a lower down payment. Credit scores directly impact loan terms and down payment amounts.
Debt-to-income ratio
FHA loans consider the borrower’s debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a measure of monthly debt payments against monthly income. The FHA prefers a DTI ratio of no more than 43%, though exceptions can be made for higher ratios with compensating factors.
Income and employment requirements
There is no specific income threshold for FHA loans, but borrowers must demonstrate steady employment history. Verification includes pay stubs, W-2s, tax returns, and bank statements.
FHA loan limits
Loan limits for FHA loans vary by county. However, starting January 1, 2024, the new FHA loan limit will be $498,257 for a single-family home in most parts of the country. Limits increase for 2-, 3-, and 4-unit properties.
FHA loan rates
Interest rates for FHA loans are competitive and can vary based on factors such as prevailing market rates, borrower’s credit score, income, loan amount, down payment, and DTI ratio. Government backing often enables lenders to offer lower rates compared to conventional mortgages.
Compare your FHA loan rates from multiple lenders. Start here
Today’s rates for a 30-year, fixed-rate FHA loan start at % (% APR), according to The Mortgage Reports’ daily rate survey.
Thanks to their government backing, FHA loan rates are competitive even for lower-credit borrowers. But interest rates can vary a lot from one lender to the next, so be sure to shop around for your best offer.
FHA loan benefits
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
1. Lower down payment: Just 3.5 %
For today’s home buyers, there are only a few mortgage options that allow for down payments of 5% or less. The FHA loan is one of them.
With an FHA mortgage, you can make a down payment as small as 3.5% of the home’s purchase price. This helps home buyers who don’t have a lot of money saved up for a down payment along with home buyers who would rather save money for moving costs, emergency funds, or other needs.
2. FHA allows 100% gift funds for the down payment and closing costs
The FHA is generous with respect to using gifts for a down payment. Very few loan programs will allow your entire down payment for a home to come from a gift. The FHA will.
Via the FHA, your entire 3.5% down payment can be a gift from parents or another family member, an employer, an approved charitable group, or a government homebuyer program.
If you’re using a down payment gift, though, you’ll need to follow the process for gifting and receiving funds.
3. FHA loans allow higher debt-to-income ratios
FHA loans also allow higher debt-to-income ratios.
Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is calculated by comparing two things: your debt payments and your before-tax income.
For instance, if you earn $5,000 a month and your debt payment total is $2,000, your DTI is 40%.
Officially, FHA maximum DTIs are as follows.
31% of gross income for housing costs
43% of gross income for housing costs plus other monthly obligations like credit cards, student loans, auto loans, etc.
However, a 43% DTI is actually on the low end for most FHA borrowers. And FHA will allow DTI ratios as high as 50%. Although to get approved at such a high ratio, you’ll likely need one or more compensating factors — for instance, a great credit score, significant cash savings, or a down payment exceeding the minimum.
In any case, FHA is more lenient in this area than other mortgage loan options.
Most conventional mortgage programs — those offered by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — only allow debt-to-income ratios between 36% and 43%.
With down payments of less than 25%, for example, Fannie Mae lets you go to 43% DTI for FICOs of 700 or higher. But most people don’t get conventional loans with debt ratios that high.
4. FHA loans accept lower credit scores
Officially, the minimum credit scores required for FHA mortgage loans are:
580 or higher with a 3.5% down payment
500-579 with a 10% down payment
High credit scores are great if you have them. But past credit history mistakes take a while to repair.
FHA loans can help you get into a home without waiting a year or more for your good credit to reach the “excellent” level. Other loan programs are not so forgiving when it comes to your credit rating.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the agencies that set rules for conventional loans) say they accept FICOs as low as 620. But in reality, some lenders impose higher minimum credit scores.
5. FHA even permits applicants with no credit scores
What if an applicant has never had a credit account? Their credit report is, essentially, blank.
FHA borrowers with no credit scores may also qualify for a mortgage. In fact, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) prohibits FHA lenders from denying an application based solely on a borrower’s lack of credit history.
The FHA allows borrowers to build non-traditional credit as an alternative to a standard credit history. This can be a huge advantage to someone who’s never had credit scores due to a lack of borrowing or credit card usage in the past.
Borrowers can use payment histories on items such as utility bills, cell phone bills, car insurance bills, and apartment rent to build non-traditional credit.
“Not all lenders who are FHA approved offer these types of loans, so check with your loan officer individually,” cautions Meyer.
6. FHA loans can be up to $ in most of the U.S.
Most mortgage programs limit their loan sizes, and many of these limits are tied to local housing prices.
FHA mortgage limits are set by county or MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area), and range from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country.
Limits are higher in Alaska, Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, and also for duplexes, triplexes, and four-plexes.
7. FHA also allows extended loan sizes
As another FHA benefit, FHA loan limits can be extended where home prices are more expensive. This lets buyers finance their home using FHA even though home prices have skyrocketed in certain high-cost areas.
In Orange County, California, for example, or New York City, the FHA will insure up to $ for a mortgage on a single-family home.
For 2-unit, 3-unit and 4-unit homes, FHA loan limits are even higher — ranging up to $.
If your area’s FHA’s loan limits are too low for the property you’re buying, you’ll likely need a conventional or jumbo loan.
8. If you have an FHA loan, you can lower your rate with an FHA Streamline Refinance
Another advantage for FHA-backed homeowners is access to the FHA Streamline Refinance.
The FHA Streamline Refinance is an exclusive FHA program that offers homeowners one of the simplest, quickest, and most affordable paths to refinancing.
An FHA Streamline Refinance requires no credit score checks, no income verifications, and home appraisals are waived completely.
In addition, via the FHA Streamline Refinance, homeowners with a mortgage pre-dating June 2009 get access to reduced FHA mortgage insurance rates.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan disadvantages
What is the downside to an FHA loan? Among the numerous benefits of FHA loans, there are certain disadvantages that potential borrowers should be aware of. These drawbacks can impact the overall cost and flexibility of the loan.
Here are the downsides that you should know about FHA home loans.
FHA loan mortgage insurance premiums
One of the primary drawbacks of FHA loans is the mandatory mortgage insurance premiums. These include an upfront premium at closing, generally 1.75% of the loan amount, and ongoing monthly payments. This additional cost can make FHA loans more expensive over the long term
Loan limits
One notable limitation of FHA loans is the lower loan limits compared to conventional loans, which can be restrictive for higher-income buyers. The FHA mortgage limit for a one-unit property ranges from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country, which may not be sufficient in areas with higher property values.
Strict property requirements
FHA loans come with stringent property requirements. The purchased home must be the borrower’s primary residence and must meet specific safety and condition standards. This requirement can limit the types of properties that qualify for an FHA loan.
FHA loan alternatives
Alternative loans, like USDA and VA loans, offer distinct advantages, such as no down payment requirements, but come with specific eligibility criteria. Understanding these alternatives ensures you make a well-informed decision about the type of mortgage that’s right for you.
Conventional 97
The Conventional 97 program comes with a down payment requirement of just 3%. It stands out due to the absence of income limits and mandatory home buyer education, making it accessible to a broader range of homebuyers.
Check your conventional loan eligibility. Start here
HomeReady Mortgage by Fannie Mae
The HomeReady mortgage program is designed for low- to moderate-income families, allowing a home purchase with only a 3% down payment. Furthermore, this program permits the entire downpayment and closing costs to be covered by gifts or grants, offering significant financial flexibility.
Freddie Mac Home Possible
The Home Possible loan is notable for its reduced mortgage insurance costs compared to other similar programs. With a 3% down payment requirement and lower ongoing costs, Home Possible is an attractive alternative for those looking to save on mortgage insurance.
USDA loans
USDA loans, backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are an attractive alternative, especially for moderate-income buyers in rural areas. They don’t require a down payment, which is a significant advantage. However, eligibility for USDA loans is restricted based on income and geographical limits, and not every property qualifies for this type of financing.
VA loans
VA loans are another viable alternative, particularly for U.S. military service members, veterans, and certain surviving spouses. Like USDA loans, VA loans also require no down payment. However, eligibility for VA loans is exclusive to the military community, limiting their accessibility to the general public.
FAQ: FHA loans
Can I choose between a fixed rate and an adjustable-rate FHA loan?
Yes, FHA loans offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate (ARM) options. A fixed-rate FHA loan provides a consistent interest rate and monthly payment for the life of the loan, ideal for those who prefer stability. An adjustable-rate FHA loan, on the other hand, has an interest rate that can change over time, typically offering lower initial rates.
Do FHA loans have lower interest rates?
FHA loans often have lower interest rates compared to many conventional loan options. This is largely due to the government backing of FHA loans, which reduces the risk for lenders. As a result, lenders are generally able to offer more competitive mortgage rates to borrowers. However, the actual interest rate you’ll receive on an FHA loan can vary based on several factors, including your credit score, loan amount, and the current market conditions. It’s always a good idea to compare rates from multiple lenders to ensure you’re getting the best deal possible for your situation.
Are FHA loans assumable?
Yes. A little-known FHA benefit is that the agency will allow a home buyer to assume the existing FHA mortgage on a home being purchased. The buyer must still qualify for the mortgage with its existing terms but, in a rising mortgage rate environment, it can be attractive to assume a home seller’s loan. Five years from now, for example, a buyer of an FHA-insured home could inherit a seller’s sub-3 percent mortgage rate. This can make it easier to sell the home in the future.
Can you buy a rental property with an FHA loan?
While you can’t buy a true rental property with an FHA loan, you can buy a multi-unit property — a duplex, triplex, or fourplex — live in one of the units, and rent out the others. The rent from the other units can partially, or even fully, offset your mortgage payment.
Are closing costs higher for FHA loans?
Closing costs are about the same for FHA and conventional loans with a couple of exceptions. First, the appraiser’s fee for an FHA loan tends to be about $50 higher. Also, if you choose to pay your upfront MIP in cash (instead of including this 1.75% fee in your loan amount), this one-time fee will be added to your closing costs. Additionally, the fee can be rolled into your loan amount.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
Most borrowers will need a minimum credit score of 580 to get an FHA loan. However, home buyers who can put at least 10% down are eligible to qualify with a 500 score. Yet, each lender may have their own credit score minimums, separate to those established by the Federal Housing Administration.
What is the loan-to-value ratio requirement for FHA loans?
The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for FHA loans typically cannot exceed 96.5%, meaning you can borrow up to 96.5% of your home’s value. This high LTV ratio is part of what makes FHA loans accessible, especially for first-time homebuyers who might not have substantial savings for a down payment.
How does PMI work with FHA loans?
For FHA loans, the equivalent of private mortgage insurance (PMI) is the mortgage insurance premium (MIP). MIP is required for all FHA loans, regardless of the down payment or loan-to-value ratio. This insurance protects lenders from losses in case of borrower defaults and is included in both upfront and ongoing mortgage costs.
What happens if I default on an FHA loan?
If you default on an FHA loan, the lender can initiate foreclosure proceedings. The FHA loan program, backed by the Federal Housing Administration, is designed to minimize the risk of defaults by offering more lenient qualification criteria. However, consistent failure to make mortgage payments may lead to foreclosure, impacting your credit score and homeownership status.
Today’s FHA loan rates
Now is an opportune time to consider an FHA loan, with current mortgage rates being historically competitive.
FHA loan interest rates are typically among the most competitive. To capitalize on these favorable rates, start by comparing offers from FHA-approved lenders.
Finding the most affordable loan could be just a few clicks away. Begin your journey towards homeownership today by exploring your options and discovering the best rates available for your financial situation.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
State officials have revived a popular grant program to help lower-income California homeowners build accessory dwelling units by covering some of the upfront costs. But funding is limited, so demand for aid may soon outstrip the supply of dollars.
The California Housing Finance Agency’s ADU Grant Program offers up to $40,000 to qualified homeowners to cover pre-construction costs of an ADU, including planning and permit fees for the structure. The program exhausted its initial $100 million months ago, causing the agency to stop taking applications; now, $25 million more is available for homeowners seeking help.
Obtaining a grant is not as simple as filling out a form online, however. For starters, applicants have to meet the program’s new income limits. Household income must be less than 80% of the area median income, which translates in Los Angeles County to $84,160. That’s down from 150% of the area median income in the initial round of grants.
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Applicants also need to work through a state-approved lender or “special financing participant” because the grants aren’t paid to homeowners — they’re paid to lenders. The CalHFA website lists 18 participating lenders as well as 10 governmental or nonprofit agencies, including Neighborhood Housing Services of Los Angeles County, which specializes in affordable housing.
Typically, homeowners must obtain a construction loan for an ADU from a participating lender before seeking an ADU grant. The loan will cover the costs that the grants will reimburse, including architectural designs, permits, soil tests, impact fees, property surveys, energy reports and utility hookups, the agency says. These expenses can make up a sizable portion of the cost of a new ADU, especially one built by converting a garage or other existing structure.
If you haven’t started work on an ADU yet, let alone obtained a loan, you can still get in line for a state grant. Neighborhood Housing Services, which provides construction loans for ADUs, says it will try to reserve a potential grant for anyone who emails it two pieces of information: a current mortgage statement and one month’s worth of pay stubs or other proof of income. The information, which should be sent to [email protected], should also include the person’s legal name, address and Social Security number.
A homeowner who meets the income limits but can build an ADU without a loan can still apply for a grant through NHSLA. But the agency’s construction team would have to manage the project and the grant funds, said Iris Cruz of Neighborhood Housing Services.
Grant applicants will have to sign and submit an affidavit to CalHFA attesting to several things about themselves and their plans, including that they are a U.S. citizen or legal resident; they own and have their primary residence on the property where the ADU is being built; they will use the ADU for permanent housing or long-term rentals; and the ADU will conform to local building and zoning codes. If any of those statements prove to be false, the applicant could face a prison term and a fine of up to $10,000.
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The lender, meanwhile, will have to attest that the grant applicant meets the program’s income limits.
The recent dip in mortgage rates has made homebuilders more hopeful that they can once again start pouring concrete and raising roofs. But most are hedging their bets and many are still lowering prices or offering incentives to attract buyers.
Builders’ confidence rose from 34 to 37 points in December, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI). The index is based on a monthly survey of builders that includes various factors. “The HMI index gauging traffic of prospective buyers in December rose three points 24, the component measuring sales expectations in the next six months increased six points to 45 and the component charting current sales condition held steady at 40,” the report stated.
“Any number over 50 indicates that more builders view conditions as good than poor,” it noted. The increase in December, therefore, while positive, indicates that there is a long way to go before homebuilders have a broadly optimistic outlook. Regionally, only the Northeast’s HMI score rose above 50, with a two-point increase to 51 based on three-month moving averages. The Midwest dipped one point to 34, the South fell three points to 39 and the West sank four points to 31.
On the brighter side, the 50 basis point drop in mortgage rates in the past month has drawn more prospective buyers to scout out new homes.
Builders’ recent pessimism has been somewhat counter to gains for the pace of single-family permits and starts during this time frame, according to NAHB Chief Economist Robert Dietz.
“Our statistical analysis indicates that temporary and outsized differences between builder sentiment and starts occur after short-term interest rates rise dramatically, increasing the cost of land development and builder loans used by private builders,” Dietz commented.
“While the Federal Reserve is fighting inflation, state and local policymakers could also help by reducing the regulatory burdens on the cost of land development and home building,” he noted.
Dietz predicted that the gap between builder sentiment and construction activity would decrease once interest rates moderate.
Meanwhile, with mortgage rates still higher than 7%, builders continue to take financial hits to try to lure buyers. The NAHB data show that 36% cut home prices in December by an average of 6%, as they had in November, while 60% of builders offered sales incentives of all forms.
PPE, Audit and Tax, LO Sales, Subservicing Tools; Fannie and Attorney Opinion Letters
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PPE, Audit and Tax, LO Sales, Subservicing Tools; Fannie and Attorney Opinion Letters
By: Rob Chrisman
Tue, Dec 19 2023, 10:56 AM
Change is constant: How ‘bout U.S. Steel, the Pittsburgh steel producer that played a key role in the nation’s industrialization, being acquired by Nippon Steel in an all-cash deal valued at approximately $14.1 billion? (Let’s not forget that GM and Ford have been dwarfed by Tesla, Mercedes, Toyota, and even Volvo.) I had my share of “hard hat” jobs growing up, so I noticed OSHA announcing a switch from traditional hard hats to safety helmets. Is that the politically correct term now? Speaking of terms, “smishing” is a term that combines “SMS” and “phishing” where hackers try to get your personal and banking information through unsolicited text messages on mobile devices by pretending to be government agencies, companies that you might have done business with, or a package delivery service. They’ll say something to get your urgent attention like a text about a free gift that you have to pay a small “shipping fee” to receive or they will send a warning about suspicious activity on your account. Be careful out there! Today’s podcast can be found here, and this week’s is sponsored by Lender Toolkit’s AI-powered AI Underwriter and Prism borrower income automation tools. Get loans approved in under two minutes. By providing lightning-fast underwriting decisions, your market reputation with borrowers and Realtors will soar. Listen to an interview with Arch MI’s Carl Tyree on mortgage insurance (MI) misconceptions and various product offerings that separate MI companies from one another.
Lender and Broker Products, Programs, and Services
Some things are just better together. The cast of Gilligan’s Island. John, Paul, Ringo, and George. And, of course, Myrtle’s favorite Tom and Jerry. Putting several good pieces together to create a better whole sums up what we think of nCino’s Mortgage Suite (formerly SimpleNexus). With a combination of great ideas and great technology, nCino’s Mortgage Suite automates loan processing and closing, delivers a modern customer experience, surfaces data insights and simplifies incentive compensation management, thus increasing an FI’s mortgage profitability (something we could all use about now). See how all the parts work together in this short video.
Assessing key performance indicators and operations during current industry headwinds is a great way for mortgage lenders to set themselves up for success for 2024 and beyond. In particular, looking at how your loan origination system (LOS) is maximizing efficiency, providing returns on investments and ultimately, helping you win business over competitors is a great place to start. Why? Because your LOS should serve as the central hub of the overall tech stack, allowing you to orchestrate your entire business from a single system of record. Read this recent article, to learn how Encompass® by ICE Mortgage Technology® is enabling lenders to manage their entire lending workflow in one place, from the customer’s initial point of thought through investor delivery.
Did you know that your LOS is the most powerful source for new leads? Every loan application, past or present, not only represents a marketable borrower, but any realtors on loan files can lead to even more opportunities. OptifiNow’s Contact Harvesting is a feature that automatically imports any realtors listed on an LOS loan file, creating a vast source of referral partners that can be easily marketed to. Contact Harvesting dynamically updates your database and creates links between borrowers and realtor records, allowing you to accurately track the amount of volume that a realtor is generating and calculate the pull-through rate of their referrals. As the mortgage market heats up, the OptifiNow CRM platform provides you with innovative tools that help you leverage the data you already have to increase loan volume. Contact OptifiNow to learn more about our flexible and cost-effective CRM solutions.
Is it a challenge getting what was promised out of your current subservicer? New regulations are always moving the compliance goal posts and your customers are craving the newest technology and high-quality customer experience to meet their needs. After all, aren’t those the reasons you contracted with them? Perhaps it’s time for a change. Let Servbank show you how its cutting-edge, fully transparent and award-winning servicing platform (SIME), combined with their family of caring Customer Care reps, will protect your company from regulatory misses and keep your customers loyal by delivering a superior experience every time. If your current subservicer promised to make life easier for you, but continues to miss the mark, now is the time to partner with Servbank, the nation’s only fintech bank subservicer, who can meet your unique needs.
Feeling motivated and ready to conquer your 2024 sales goals? TrustEngine is here to help with Dave Savage’s three top sales coaching videos of the year. Featuring some of the industry’s top producers, tune in for invaluable sessions from the best in the business and share them with your LOs. First, explore Dave’s most popular 10x interview of the year, How Daniel Sa Is Closing Over 300 Loans This Year. Then, dive into Separation Season with Jeremy Forcier for essential strategies and explore the world of Moneyball Mortgage with Jim Deitch, and so much more. Don’t miss this opportunity to gain essential insights and strategies for the upcoming year. Your path to sales excellence starts here.
“With nearly 40 years of experience in mortgage banking, Richey May knows the industry from every angle. Many of our team members are credentialed industry experts who dedicate much time to building up other industry experts. From this expertise, we’ve created a wealth of services and products to help lenders stay ahead: audit and tax services, cybersecurity solutions designed to protect company assets and sensitive borrower information, intelligent automation tools for streamlined operations… you name it! Whether you’re leveraging our innovative platforms or having us work as your extended team for outsourced internal audit or accounting services, get ready to tackle challenges faster with some serious firepower on your side. Everything you need to prepare for 2024: contact our experts today!”
“There are many reasons the Optimal Blue PPE has been the market-leading product, pricing, and eligibility engine for years, one being that we ensure our customers have the functionality and support they need through changing regulatory and market environments. Built as an open API platform, the Optimal Blue PPE allows customers to access critical product and pricing information on-demand. With an average of 300+ releases per year, users receive the latest innovations they need to operate in any market conditions. This year’s releases included: a mobile app, an updated user interface, and advanced loan officer compensation support. And with 50+ developers dedicated to the PPE, our commitment to innovation is continuous. This means Optimal Blue customers have the tools to tackle whatever the market throws their way. Reach out to us today to ensure you have the tools and support you need to win in this market.”
“Our 2023 accomplishments set the stage for what is to come. As we move into 2024 and beyond, Polly will continue to revolutionize mortgage capital markets and democratize revenue optimization, automation to reduce costs, efficiency gains, and more, all while providing a differentiated and completely unmatched loan officer and lender experience.” What else can you expect to see from Polly in 2024? The company’s Founder and CEO, Adam Carmel, reflects on a record-breaking 2023 and shares his excitement for 2024 in this open letter.
Conventional Conforming News
The lion’s share of loans are processed and/or underwritten and/or sold to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Who’s doing what out there?
Fannie Mae turned some heads recently with more thoughts on Attorney Opinion Letters in the title industry. Stacy Mestayer observed, “Fannie’s announcement will expand the use of AOLs to hundreds of thousands of more properties. This is an interesting update to many as ALTA has led many in the industry (and on Capitol Hill) to believe that title waivers and title alternatives are the same. While Fannie has opted not to pursue a pilot for title waivers at this time, it never wavered in its support for the AOL alternative.”
Two new underwriting solutions are now available from Fannie Mae to help lenders better serve borrowers. DU early assessment, which provides a DU risk assessment during a lender’s pre-qualification process with a single bureau soft credit report, and Income Calculator, which helps easily calculate income for self-employed borrowers. Discover how these innovations and other updates help simplify the lending process and work toward removing barriers and improving equitable access to credit.
Fannie Mae Announcement SEL-2023-11: December Selling Guide Updates includes information on permitting lenders to use alternative options to meet verbal verification of employment requirements, allowing optional use of Income Calculator to determine the monthly qualifying income for self-employed borrowers, allowing lenders to gross-up certain nontaxable income without providing additional documentation. Incorporate a list of programs into policy to assist lenders with their review of shared equity providers and transactions, and other miscellaneous updates.
Fannie Mae updated the Partner Playbook for the Credit Score and Credit Reports Initiative to include information on FHFA’s Nov. 21 Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework (ERCF) final rule, share ways the public can participate in the stakeholder forums, and highlight the timeline to reflect the delay of milestones related to the bi-merge credit reporting option initially proposed for 4Q 2023 and 1Q 2024.
During the weekend of Feb. 10, 2024, Fannie Mae will implement an update to DU version 11.1. This will include updates to improve DU’s ability to identify rent payment history within asset verification reports and other changes to align with the Selling Guide. For additional information, view Fannie Mae DU Version 11.1 Feb. Update Release Notes.
In the December 2023 Appraiser Update, Fannie’s Mae’s 25th edition, timely appraisal topics from a 2015 Lender Letter is revisited, recent changes to requirements for manufactured housing appraisals, explain how to get answers when you need them, and offer a reminder for how to treat seller concessions.
Per Pennymac Announcement 23-85, Conventional LLPAs effective for all Best Efforts Commitments taken on or after Thursday, December 14, 2023 will be updated as follows:
Improving values for the ‘2nd Home Additional’ LLPA on the ‘LLPAs by Product Feature for All Eligible Loans’ LLPA Grid. Updating footnote for the “2nd Home Additional’ & ‘Investment Additional’ LLPAs.
Citizens Correspondent National Bulletin 2023-21 includes information on product updates on Conventional Conforming Products, Employment Offers or Contracts – DU, Income eligibility and calculations, timeshares, and updated appraisal practices, VA Products, Medical and non-medical collection and charge-off accounts. Citizens Correspondent National Bulletin 2023-22 provides information on Conventional Conforming, FHA and VA Product Loan Limits and Disaster Tax Filing Relief.
Kind Lending announced the adoption of Freddie Mac guidance as pertains to ADUs (Accessory Dwelling Units) and the allowance of income from the ADU used in qualifying.
Capital Markets
Global financial conditions are loosening as investors expect central banks to begin lowering interest rates next year. A Goldman Sachs index that tracks corporate borrowing costs and capital markets conditions showed on Friday global financial conditions at their most accommodating level since early August. The end of the belief that central banks will keep interest rates “higher for longer” has fueled optimism in the corporate bond market, with yields on riskier corporate debt falling below 8 percent for the first time since February. Even though we haven’t seen one rate cut yet…There has been a significant easing in financial conditions that is giving companies breathing room.
Let me repeat something from last week that came from Dr. Elliot Eisenberg! “While the Fed kept rates unchanged, something entirely expected, it was the shift from a hawkish pause, one with a rate hike bias, as was the case after the last two meetings, to a dovish pause, a pause with a future rate reduction bias due to the declining inflation rate, that led to a record Dow Jones close. Discussion will now focus on the date of the first cut.” Sure enough, that is what we are seeing.
After Fed Chair Powell and his colleagues indicated that they are likely to cut rates three times next year, traders have largely ignored efforts by Fed officials to temper expectations and market rates have fallen sharply in anticipation of the central bank’s policy pivot becoming a reality. There has been a lot of Fed-speak after the FOMC meeting attempting to pour cold water on the narrative that rate cuts are coming quickly and aggressively, the latest being Chicago Fed President Goolsbee saying that he was a bit confused by the market’s reaction to the latest FOMC meeting/comments and Cleveland Fed President Mester saying that the market is a little bit ahead of the Fed’s rate-cut view. The Fed claims that markets are over their skis with respect to rate cuts, but markets are maintaining pricing for six rate cuts by the Fed before the end of 2024, with the first cut coming in March.
Putting aside the Fed momentarily, this week will have a lot of housing data. We received the NAHB Housing market index for November yesterday, which increased from the last reading, but not quite to market expectations. Today brings housing starts/building permits and existing home sales are tomorrow. We will also get another revision to Q3 GDP, personal incomes and outlays, and leading indicators. Real GDP is expected to be revised down slightly in the third estimate due to downward revisions to September retail sales, business inventories, and industrial production. Personal income is expected to have accelerated in November due to strong gains in wages and salaries pushing household spending higher.
Also on tap this week is the Fed’s favored inflation measure, PCE, where core inflation is expected to come in at a 3.3 percent annualized pace, down 0.2 percent from the previous month.
Today’s economic calendar is under way with housing starts and building permits for November: 1.56 million (higher than expected) and 1.46 million, respectively. Expectations were for starts slipping 17k versus the prior month to 1.355 million with permits 48k lower at 1.450 million. Later today brings Redbook same store sales and remarks from Atlanta Fed President Bostic. Today is also Class D 48-hours. We begin the day with current coupon Agency MBS prices a few ticks (32nds) better than Monday night and the 10-year yielding 3.90 after closing yesterday at 3.96 percent.
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From high prices to low inventory, potential home buyers know it’s gnarly out there. But if you’re ready for homeownership, the long-term benefit of buying often outweighs the pain of toughing out the search — even these days.
Think of it like your 5 a.m. spin class: You know it’s good for you, even if it takes grit (and leaves you feeling sore).
With some market savvy, you can make the most of today’s challenging conditions. Here’s your game plan for buying a house in 2024.
The challenge: Stubbornly high mortgage rates squeeze shoppers’ buying power
Buyers have been at the mercy of mortgage rates’ meteoric rise, holding on as the average 30-year fixed rate climbed from 3% to nearly 7% in 2022. In October 2023, rates topped 8% for the first time since 2000 — a surprise even many top economists didn’t predict. But throughout November, they dropped slightly, landing at an average of 7.03% for the week ending Dec. 7.
Higher interest rates make it more expensive to get a mortgage. To put that in perspective: Let’s say you can afford $1,800 per month in principal and interest. At a 3% interest rate, you could afford to borrow $426,900. But at a 7% interest rate, you could afford to borrow only $270,600. Why? Because you’d pay a full $156,300 more in mortgage interest with the higher rate.
For now, economic signals suggest more positive news for buyers in 2024. Dan Moralez, regional vice president at Dart Bank in Holland, Michigan, points to a cooling economy and the pause on Fed interest rate hikes. “All of that stuff really lends itself to mortgage rates getting better and the cost to borrow getting cheaper,” Moralez says.
Let’s set realistic expectations, though: No experts are forecasting a return to 3% rates anytime soon. More likely, we’ll see the 30-year mortgage rate decline modestly below 7% in the second half of 2024, according to forecasts from the Mortgage Bankers Association and the National Association of Realtors.
Your strategy: Do your research to find the best deal
Don’t let high rates keep you on the sidelines for too long. When rates go down, competition goes up — another reason there’s no time like the present to start house hunting.
And whichever way rates move in 2024, you’ll save money if you shop around. Aim to get an estimate from at least three mortgage lenders. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau estimates borrowers can save $100 per month (or more) this way. And look at the annual percentage rate, or APR, to understand the total cost of the loan, which includes fees and other charges.
With buyers wincing at high rates, some lenders are advertising “buy now, refinance later” offers. Others are offering temporary buydowns, where the buyer’s effective monthly payment is reduced for a year (or a few). Before signing up for a discount, ask questions to understand how it works. Each option could potentially save money, but Moralez says it could also be “smoke and mirrors” if the flashy deal is offset by higher fees.
“It’s one of those things where I tell folks, ‘There’s no free lunch, OK?’” he says. “You know, somebody is paying for it somewhere.”
The challenge: Low inventory means slim pickings for buyers
The rate of existing home sales is the lowest it’s been in 13 years, according to October 2023 data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR). The current market has a 3.6-month supply of unsold home inventory, meaning it would take listed homes 3.6 months to sell at the current sales pace. A balanced market has a supply of five to six months.
So why aren’t sellers selling? Octavius Smiley-Humphries, a real estate agent with The Smiley Group in Apex, North Carolina, points to higher prices and the “rate lock-in effect.”
“At this point, you’d be paying either double your mortgage for the same price house that you have, or a similar mortgage if you’re trying to even downsize,” he says. “So I think the more intelligent buyer is kind of thinking, ‘What’s the benefit?’ unless you absolutely have to move.”
Some hope: Single-family construction permits are on the rise, with more issued in October 2023 than at any other time in the past year, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, so we’ll see more new houses boosting supply soon. And despite larger shortages, 92% of markets have seen modest inventory growth over the last three months, according to a November 2023 report from ICE Mortgage Technology.
Your strategy: Cast a wider net
You can’t control who puts their house on the market. So focus on what you can change: your expectations.
Let go of the fantasy of finding the perfect home when a “good enough” home can get your foot in the door sooner. That’s especially true for first-time home buyers who are eager to build equity.
“Real estate has always been a really solid investment,” Smiley-Humphries says. “So what you essentially lose by waiting six months or a year could mean tens of thousands of dollars.”
For now, maybe you expand your search to include condos or townhouses. Maybe you settle for fewer bathrooms or a dated interior. Keep your chin up — even if you have to tolerate less square footage or weird linoleum floors for a while, you’ll have equity to remodel or sell in a few years.
The challenge: High prices push affordability to the worst it’s been in almost 40 years
Housing is the least affordable it’s been since 1984, according to a November 2023 report from ICE Mortgage Technology. Why? Home prices are growing faster than income, and on top of that, higher mortgage rates increase the cost of borrowing.
In October 2023, the median existing home sales price climbed to a record high of $391,800, according to the NAR. To buy a median-priced home at that time, buyers would need to shell out $2,567 per month just in principal in interest, ICE estimates. That’s another all-time high since ICE has been keeping track — and nearly double the median monthly payment of $1,327 just two years ago.
Until supply catches up to demand, prices are unlikely to fall. Realtor.com estimates prices will fall less than 2% next year. That’s another reason to jump in now: A big drop in prices could trigger more competition.
Your strategy: Make a budget and stick to it
If you’re Zillow-stalking houses you can’t afford, stop. Instead, channel that energy toward your plan to shop for a house in real life — starting with setting a realistic budget.
First, talk to a financial advisor or use an online calculator to see how much house you can afford. Understand how mortgage lenders will determine your eligibility, including analyzing your credit score, cash savings and monthly debt payments.
Next, find a buyer’s agent who knows how far your budget can go in your local market. An experienced agent can advocate for you and help you snag a good deal.
One bargain-hunting tip: Start searching in the winter, suggests Ellie Kowalchik, a real estate agent who leads the Move2Team with Keller Williams Pinnacle Group in Cincinnati, Ohio.
“There are good houses on the market now that aren’t getting the attention they may get in the spring with more buyer activity,” she says. “Less competition is good for buyers.”
The challenge: Multiple offers are common, and first-time buyers have less cash
More than one in four homes are still selling for above list price, according to October 2023 data from the NAR: 28% of homes sold for above list price that month. Homes for sale spent a median of 23 days on the market and saw an average of 2.5 offers, a sign that competition remains tough.
“Limited housing inventory is significantly preventing housing demand from fully being satisfied,” Lawrence Yun, NAR chief economist, said in a press release. “Multiple offers, of course, yield only one winner, with the rest left to continue their search.”
In general, first-time buyers come to the negotiating table with less cash than repeat buyers, reports the NAR. First-time buyers make a median down payment of 8%, while repeat buyers put down a median 19%.
And nearly one in three (29%) of sales were made in cash, reports the NAR, up slightly from 26% in 2022.
Your strategy: Use leverage where you have it
A good real estate agent can help you craft a strong offer, even if other buyers flash more cash.
Aziz Alhees, a real estate agent with Compass in Pasadena, California, has seen his share of wealthy investors making cash offers. He notes that they tend to bid below asking price since cash sales close faster. The promise of a quick closing is enough to get some sellers to turn down higher offers that ask for more time.
So Alhees competes on speed: With a mortgage preapproval and all other paperwork in hand, he prepares his buyers to close in 14 days.
“We’re not afraid of cash offers anymore,” he says.
On the flip side, if the sellers need more time to move out, a flexible closing timeline can sweeten some deals, too. But don’t waive the home inspection when you’re negotiating. It can be tempting, but you’re only hurting yourself if you later discover expensive problems.
The bottom line: Set realistic expectations
It’s fair to feel bummed out about high costs and low inventory. That’s especially true for first-time buyers who have been putting off their search, only to see the market remaining rough.
The solution: Think long term. Holding out for lower rates likely means you’ll face steeper prices and more competition. So if you’re determined to buy, find a place that suits your needs and budget as-is. Expecting perfection often means setting yourself up for disappointment.
“Sometimes I have clients that think they’re going to hit a home run the very first house they buy,” Moralez says. “And a lot of times I tell clients, well, sometimes it’s OK to be happy just getting on base.”