Are you curious about the real estate deal strategies I use to keep getting great deals in today’s market? Whether you’re an investor eyeing your next property flip or an eager homeowner searching for a bargain, the hunt for great deals is critical. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll cover the 6 strategies I use to get great deals and I’ll show you some recent examples.
Table of Contents
Video: Finding Real Estate Deals Strategies
Real Estate Deals Strategies Video
6 Strategies for Finding Deals
The MLS
Many believe that the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) is exclusively for seasoned investors. However, it’s a misconception. We’ve acquired numerous properties through the MLS, including one notable deal featuring a basement skatepark. Owner-occupants can leverage the MLS to their advantage, especially during exclusive bid periods like those for HUD homes.
The MLS is for real estate agents, but don’t let that stop you. You can either:
Work with an agent to help you find deals.
Use the consumer version of your local MLS. Most MLS systems have a consumer-facing version. For example, my local MLS is IRES, but they have a non-agent-facing version at coloproperty.com.
Wholesale Deals
Wholesalers offer a treasure trove of off-market properties ripe for investment. While these deals lack the scrutiny of inspections and appraisals, they demand quick action and thorough due diligence. Learn how to discern between lucrative opportunities and potential pitfalls when engaging with wholesalers.
For more, read my wholesaling article.
Networking
Networking isn’t just for job seekers; it’s a potent tool for real estate enthusiasts. By fostering relationships with industry professionals, from lenders to fellow investors, you can be made aware of deals. This one may be as simple as telling everyone you know that you’re in the market to buy real estate.
Our recent townhouse flip stemmed from a banking connection, underscoring the value of a solid network.
For more, check out my post about real estate investor associations and clubs.
Direct Marketing
Direct marketing entails proactive outreach to homeowners considering selling their properties. Postcards, bandit signs, and digital ads are just a few avenues for connecting with motivated sellers. While it requires persistence and patience, this approach can yield remarkable results, as evidenced by our success stories.
Read my article on direct marketing.
Auctions
Auction houses present a unique avenue for acquiring distressed properties at competitive prices. However, they come with inherent risks, such as limited visibility and stringent bidding conditions. Discover how we’ve navigated the complexities of auction purchases and capitalized on favorable market conditions.
Read my post about foreclosures and auctions.
Education and Resources
Above all, education is the most important. If you’re not actively studying, you may be throwing away lots of time and money.
Investing in comprehensive courses, like those offered on our platform, equips you with the knowledge and tools needed to thrive in the real estate arena. From deal-finding strategies to financing insights, these resources empower you to make informed decisions and navigate challenges effectively.
My Master the Deal course walks you through everything you need to know to start finding great real estate investment deals.
Special note: Master the Deal is on sale now! Use this link to get it for just $199 $29! https://learn.investfourmore.com/purchase?product_id=5460501&coupon_code=HP84987
Final Thoughts
There are countless opportunities abound for both investors and owner-occupants alike. By embracing a multifaceted approach to deal sourcing and leveraging available resources, you can open yourself to many more deals. Whether you’re scouring the MLS, cultivating relationships, or exploring alternative channels, persistence and diligence are key to achieving your real estate goals.
Remember, the next great deal could be just around the corner. Happy hunting!
The standard narrative of buying a house involves a real estate agent. The Realtor acts as your tour guide, guiding you not only through available homes, but also through the complicated process of becoming a homeowner.
However, some independent sellers prefer to sell their home without a real estate agent’s services. As a prospective buyer, you would interact with the homeowner instead of a Realtor.
This process, known as a sale by owner or FSBO sale, offers potential buyers the opportunity to bypass some traditional real estate transactions, which may save money on agent’s commission fees. FSBO sellers handle every aspect of the sale, including setting the listing price, marketing the house for sale, and negotiating the purchase price.
FSBO sales differ from a typical sale, as they require the home buyer to assume tasks that a real estate agent would usually handle. This includes finding FSBO listings, validating property details, and negotiating the sales price with the FSBO seller directly.
Key Takeaways
A For Sale By Owner (FSBO) transaction allows buyers to negotiate directly with sellers, potentially bypassing real estate agent commissions but requiring extra due diligence.
Buyers should secure mortgage preapproval, verify property details through CLUE reports and title checks, and consider hiring a real estate attorney or title company to manage legalities.
Closing a FSBO sale involves setting up an escrow account, preparing extensive paperwork, and understanding post-closing steps like utility setup and managing property taxes and insurance.
An Overview of the FSBO Process
A FSBO sale, where an owner sells their house without a real estate agent or a listing agent, differs from a typical sale. Understanding the intricacies of these real estate transactions can be vital to a smooth closing. FSBO sellers handle everything from setting the listing price, marketing, negotiating, and closing, offering more room for direct communication and price negotiation.
However, an FSBO transaction requires the buyer to take on tasks typically handled by a real estate agent. Unless you are working with a buyer’s agent, closing can be complex. You may be on your own for a home inspection. Getting an appraisal and negotiating a selling price will be up to you. Completing the title search and other tasks usually falls to the seller’s agent.
Prepare for the Purchase
Buying a home is exciting, but it’s also a venture that requires substantial financial planning and understanding. Preparing for the financial aspect of your purchase can increase your chances of a successful transaction and make the overall home buying experience less stressful.
Determining how much house you can afford is the first step. Getting pre-approved for a mortgage is essential. You’ll also need funds for a down payment and closing costs. Buying a FSBO home is similar to purchasing through a real estate agency.
Assess Your Credit Score
Your credit score is a key player in this process. It has a significant impact on your ability to secure a home loan, dictating your interest rates and loan terms. Before you start shopping for an FSBO house, check your credit score and, if necessary, take steps to improve it. This may involve paying down debts or correcting any errors on your credit report.
Secure Loan Preapproval
Once your credit is in check, securing preapproval for a home loan can give you a head start. This process involves a lender checking your financial history and assessing whether you’re a viable candidate for a loan.
Upon preapproval, you’ll know the maximum amount you can borrow, which helps you set a realistic budget for your house hunting. A mortgage broker, with their extensive knowledge and resources, can guide you through this process and help you choose the best loan for your needs.
Set Aside Savings
Additionally, it’s essential to have savings set aside for a down payment and closing costs. Down payments typically range from 3.5% to 20% of the home’s purchase price. Closing costs, on the other hand, usually amount to 2% to 5% of the loan amount. These costs can add up, so preparing for them can prevent financial surprises down the road.
Ensure a Mortgage Contingency
Lastly, when setting the terms of the purchase contract, ensure it includes a mortgage contingency. This clause protects you if your final home loan approval falls through, allowing you to back out of the deal without financial repercussions.
Research the Property
Buying an FSBO home requires thorough due diligence and understanding your local market’s dynamics.
Familiarize Yourself with the Market
Familiarize yourself with FSBO listings in your desired area. Assess the features of various properties, their listing prices, and how long they’ve been on the market. This exercise can help you gauge a fair price for the property you’re interested in.
Verify Property Details
In FSBO sales, buyers need to take extra care when verifying property details. These include, but are not limited to, ownership history, physical condition, and any past insurance claims related to the house for sale.
CLUE Report: A good starting point for property research is the Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange, also known as CLUE. This database contains up to seven years of insurance claims history for properties. Requesting a CLUE report can provide insight into any past damages or issues that have led to insurance claims. This information helps when assessing the overall condition of the home and can play a role in price negotiations.
Check the Title: Another important element in property research is checking the home’s title. The title outlines the history of property ownership, and any issues, like liens or disputes, could complicate the transaction. You might want to consider hiring a title company or a real estate attorney to ensure a clear title, further securing your investment.
Conducting extensive research on the property not only aids in making an informed decision but can also arm you with valuable information during price negotiations.
Understand the Legalities
Buying a house is not just a financial commitment, it’s a legal one too. Understanding the legal aspects of real estate transactions can protect you from potential complications, particularly in a FSBO sale, where you might not have a real estate agent guiding you through the process.
Hire a Real Estate Attorney or a Title Company
In a traditional real estate transaction, a buyer’s agent handles the legal paperwork. However, in a FSBO sale, buyers often need to manage these tasks themselves. This is where a real estate attorney or a title company can help. These professionals can assist with the legal aspects of the transaction, including:
Ensuring the house is a separate legal entity operated correctly, free from liens, and without any outstanding claims.
Conducting title searches to confirm the legitimacy of the property’s ownership.
Assisting with the closing process, ensuring all necessary documents are correctly filled out and filed.
Review the Purchase Agreement
The purchase agreement is a binding legal contract between the buyer and the seller. It outlines the final purchase price, terms of the home sale, and any conditions that must be met before the sale can be finalized.
Given its importance, it’s recommended to have a lawyer review the purchase agreement before the buyer and seller sign it. This review can ensure that all the stipulations are in your best interest and that there are no potential loopholes that could cause problems later.
Pricing and Negotiations
FSBO sales often provide room for more negotiation when it comes to the home’s asking price. This flexibility can result in a lower purchase price, potentially saving you money.
Home Appraisal
A home appraisal can be an essential tool during these negotiations. An appraiser evaluates the property and provides an estimated market value. This estimate is based on various factors, including the home’s condition, location, and comparable homes in the area.
With an appraisal in hand, you have a foundation for negotiating the home’s price with the seller directly. It gives you a benchmark, helping to ensure you don’t pay more than the property is worth.
Handling a Low Appraisal
A FSBO transaction can become complicated if the appraisal is lower than the agreed-upon purchase price. In this scenario, you have a few options:
Request a price reduction: If the appraisal comes in lower than the agreed-upon price, you can ask the seller to reduce the price. They may be willing to do this to keep the sale on track.
Challenge the appraisal: If you believe the appraisal was inaccurate, you can challenge it. You’ll need to provide compelling evidence, such as recent sales of comparable homes that were not included in the original appraisal.
Handling these situations tactfully can keep your home purchase on track while ensuring you get a fair deal. Remember, every real estate transaction is unique, and dealing with these challenges may require professional guidance from a real estate attorney or a buyer’s agent.
Home Inspections
Investing in a home inspection is a prudent step in the homebuying process. A comprehensive inspection can reveal potential problems or necessary repairs that may not be immediately apparent. This is especially critical when buying a FSBO property, as there might not be a real estate agent involved to facilitate this step.
Choosing a Home Inspector
Finding a qualified and experienced home inspector is paramount. Look for inspectors who are certified by a national association and who have a good reputation in your local market. Your home inspector should evaluate the following:
Structural elements: walls, ceilings, floors, roof, and foundation.
Systems: plumbing, electrical, and HVAC.
Other components: insulation, ventilation, windows, and doors.
Outside: drainage, driveways, fences, sidewalks, and any potential safety hazards.
After the Home Inspection
Once the home inspection is complete, you will receive an inspection report outlining any identified issues. Depending on the findings, you may:
Request repairs: If the inspector identifies any issues, you can ask the seller to make necessary repairs before closing.
Renegotiate the asking price: If there are significant issues that the seller is not willing to fix, you might renegotiate the price to account for the repair costs.
Walk away: In the case of severe problems, such as foundational issues or extensive water damage, it might be in your best interest to walk away from the sale.
Securing Financing
Once you’ve agreed on a sales price and completed the home inspection, the next step is to finalize your home loan. This stage requires careful consideration as it can significantly impact your personal finance situation.
Compare Mortgage Options
Start by comparing different mortgage options. Each loan type has its advantages and drawbacks, and the best one for you depends on your individual circumstances. A mortgage broker can be a valuable resource during this process, helping you understand the nuances of each option and finding the best fit for your financial situation.
Review the Loan Estimate
Mortgage lenders are required to provide a loan estimate within three days of receiving your application. This document outlines the specifics of your loan, including:
Loan amount: The total amount that you’ll borrow.
Interest rate: The cost you’ll pay each year to borrow the money, expressed as a percentage.
Closing costs: The expenses you’ll need to pay to finalize your mortgage, which can include origination fees, appraisal fees, and title insurance.
It’s essential to review the loan estimate thoroughly and make sure you understand all the costs involved. If something seems off, don’t hesitate to ask your lender for clarification. After all, this is a significant financial commitment, and you want to be sure you’re making an informed decision.
Closing the Sale
Closing a FSBO sale involves several key steps that vary slightly from a typical sale involving real estate agents. However, the primary goal remains the same: to legally transfer ownership of the property from the seller to you, the buyer.
Setting Up an Escrow Account
In real estate transactions, an escrow account is used to safeguard the earnest money — the deposit you make to show the seller you’re serious about buying the house. This account is managed by a separate legal entity, such as a title company or escrow company, ensuring the funds are protected until the sale is finalized.
Preparing the Paperwork
The closing paperwork can be quite extensive and typically includes:
The deed: This transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer.
The bill of sale: This outlines the terms and conditions of the sale.
The affidavit of title (or seller’s affidavit): This document states the seller owns the property and there are no liens against it.
It’s best to have a real estate attorney or a title company prepare these documents to avoid any mistakes.
Title Insurance and Closing
Your lender may require you to purchase title insurance. This protects both you and the lender in case any undisclosed liens or ownership disputes arise after the sale.
On the closing day, you and the seller will sign all closing documents. The funds held in the escrow account, including your down payment and closing costs, will be appropriately distributed, and the property’s ownership is legally transferred to you.
Post-Closing Steps: What Comes Next?
After the exhilarating process of buying a house, there are a few additional steps to take post-closing.
Utility Setup and Address Change
Ensure utilities are set up in your name, including water, electricity, gas, and internet. You should also update your address for any subscriptions, credit cards, bank accounts, and identification documents.
Understand Property Taxes and Home Insurance
As a new homeowner, it’s important to understand your obligations regarding property taxes and home insurance. Familiarize yourself with due dates and payment procedures to avoid late fees or potential complications.
Dealing with Potential Problems
If any problems arise with the home past closing, consult your home inspection report before paying for repairs out of pocket. If you’ve received a home warranty as part of the sale (which is different from home insurance), it may cover some of these post-closing issues.
Remember, buying a FSBO home might be more complicated than a typical sale, but the potential benefits, such as saving on the agent’s commission, make it an attractive option for many home buyers. With careful planning, research, and professional guidance, you can manage the FSBO homebuying process with confidence.
Conclusion
Though a FSBO transaction can be intimidating, with research and preparation, potential buyers can make the process go smoothly. Buying a house for sale by owner can offer significant savings and more room for price negotiation, as you bypass the real estate agent’s commission.
However, you need to remain diligent and informed throughout the process. Understand the local market, conduct a thorough home inspection, and engage professionals like a real estate attorney or title companies for a smooth real estate transaction. The homebuying process may be a marathon rather than a sprint, but with patience and perseverance, you’ll cross the finish line to your new home.
Inside: Unlock the secrets of debt types and management. Explore everything from mortgages to student loans, and devise savvy debt strategies for financial health.
Understanding debt is essential as it is a common financial obligation that, must be managed wisely, if mismanaged, can lead to financial strain.
Most importantly, comprehending the fundamentals of debt is crucial for financial literacy. Debt spans various forms of credit, from mortgages to personal loans to credit cards.
Debt is a powerful force in the consumer’s financial life; it has the power to either create opportunities or trigger economic stress.
You must realize the multifaceted role that debt plays is a prerequisite for achieving and maintaining financial stability. As such, a comprehensive understanding of the various types of debts is not merely beneficial—it is indispensable.
Right now, consumer debt has reached $17.1 Trillion in 2023. 1
With this knowledge, you can navigate the financial tides with confidence, distinguish between advantageous and precarious borrowing, and ultimately wield debt as a tool for prosperity.
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The Mainstream Maze Examples of Debt Types
Understanding the various types of debt is crucial for anyone looking to maintain or improve their financial health.
Debt, often viewed in a negative light, can actually be leveraged as a powerful tool if managed correctly. Each category of debt — from secured to unsecured, installment to revolving — functions differently and influences your financial profile in its own unique way.
Recognizing these differences enables individuals to make informed borrowing decisions, repay their debts more effectively, and develop strategies tailored to their personal financial goals.
With this background in mind, let’s understand the different types of debt:
Navigating Through Secured and Unsecured Loans
Secured loans require collateral, reducing risk for the lender, like a mortgage or auto loan.
Unsecured loans rely on creditworthiness and come with tighter requirements.
Understanding Revolving vs. Installment Debt
Revolving debts, like credit cards, offer flexible borrowing limits.
Installment debts involve fixed payments over a period.
Fixed-Rate vs. Variable-Rate
Choosing between fixed-rate and variable-rate debt shapes your financial commitment and interest rate.
Fixed rates provide predictability in repayments.
Whereas variable rates fluctuate with market trends, potentially lowering costs or introducing variability.
Short-Term Debt vs. Long-Term Debt
Short-term debt, to be settled within a year, requires immediate attention.
Long-term debt, with extended maturities, often permits strategic repayment over time.
Defining Callable Debt vs. Noncallable Debt
Callable debt allows issuers an early exit option, granting them the ability to retire debt before maturity.
Noncallable debt, in contrast, guarantees the term’s completion, offering predictability for both investor and issuer.
Delving into Secured Debt Details
Secured debt plays a pivotal role as it hinges on collateral to assure lenders of repayment.
This type of debt brings with it the potential for lower interest rates and higher approval chances, but also the risk of losing valuable assets should a borrower default.
Collateral Commitment: Risks and Rewards
Rewards of Secured Debt
Risks of Secured Debt
Lower interest rates due to reduced lender risk.
Risk of losing the collateral property, such as a house or car, on failure to make payments.
Access to larger loan amounts because of collateral provision.
Limited use of borrowed funds typically for a specific purpose (e.g., a home or vehicle).
With continued payments, a credit score increase is likely.
Possibility of incurring additional fees or penalties if the loan goes into default and the property is seized.
Increased likelihood of loan approval because the loan is secured by an asset.
Potential negative impact on credit score and financial stability if unable to repay the loan.
Notable Nuances of Mortgages, Auto Loans, and More
Mortgage interest rates generally fluctuate between 3% and 5%, influenced by economic conditions, with the option of fixed rates or adjustable rates that can change annually within set limits. Typically, a fixed interest rate is the best option for homeowners. Most common mortgage lengths are 15 or 30 year terms.
In contrast, auto loan interest rates tend to be high with shorter terms of 5 or 7 years. Many times, these loans are often subsidized by automakers’ promotional offers to attract buyers with good credit, thereby varying considerably based on the loan’s duration and the borrower’s creditworthiness. Another option is to secure a car loan at a local credit union.
With mortgages tied to real estate and auto loans to vehicles, both present unique terms and implications for borrowers navigating the nuances of substantial purchases.
National Debt Relief
While this isn’t our first choice to pay off debt, for some of readers, it is the only option to get ahead on their debt.
Either way, it is helpful to confront your situation, and then find out your debt relief options – with no obligation.
Free Debt Relief Quote
Unmasking Unsecured Debt
Unsecured debt is a form of financing that does not require borrowers to pledge assets as collateral.
This type of debt is granted based on an individual’s creditworthiness and typically carries a higher interest rate due to the increased risk to lenders. The typical interest rates start at about 15% and go upwards from there.
Credit Cards and Personal Loans: No Collateral Needed
Credit cards and personal loans exemplify unsecured debt, with no collateral needed to secure them. Their accessibility hinges on the borrower’s credit history, representing a choice for financing without asset risk.
Many college students start with their first credit card and have no idea how it works.
The Pros and Perils of Unsecured Borrowing
Unsecured borrowing can offer financial flexibility without collateral, a clear advantage.
However, the perils include higher interest rates and the potential for a strained credit history if repayments falter, necessitating cautious consideration. This is how many people quickly rack up large amounts of debt without realizing the consequences of their actions.
Thus, why young adults need basic financial literacy.
Rolling with Revolving Debt
Revolving debt is a type of credit that lets you borrow money up to a certain limit, repay it, and then borrow again as needed, often seen with credit cards or home equity lines of credit (HELOC).
Unlike fixed installment loans, this type of credit emphasizes the borrower’s ability to manage and repay borrowed funds over time, which can have a significant influence on their credit score.
Mastering the Mechanics of Credit Lines
Credit lines empower consumers with fluid financial options, replenishing funds as balances are paid. Understanding their mechanics is critical in leveraging such revolving credit without succumbing to debt traps through accumulated interest.
Evaluating the Ubiquity and Utility of Credit Cards
Credit cards are ubiquitous in modern-day finance, serving as a versatile tool for electronic payments. They offer convenience and the potential for rewards but can lead to costly interest charges for those who fail to manage them judiciously.
Personally, I received a $942 cash back from my credit card. But, I pay off my balance monthly.
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Installment Debt Explored
Installment debt is a financial mechanism that allows individuals to borrow a lump-sum amount of money and repay it over a fixed period through regular payments, known as installments.
These debts, which can be secured or unsecured, usually involve fixed interest rates and include common financial products like mortgages, auto loans, student loans, and personal loans.
How Student Loans and Mortgages Shape Long-term Debt
Student loans and mortgages are pivotal in shaping long-term debt landscapes. They represent significant financial commitments with enduring impacts, facilitating education and homeownership while posing substantial repayment responsibilities.
You need to be wise in how much you decide to take out for either student loans or a mortgage. It is always best to take out less than offered by your lender.
Paying Off Different Types of Debt
Around here at Money Bliss, I stress the importance of paying off debt fast!
To effectively pay off different types of debt, starting with high-interest rate debts, such as credit cards, is essential because it reduces the amount of money paid on interest over time, allowing for more significant savings. This is the core idea behind the “avalanche” approach.
Alternatively, paying off smaller balances first using the “snowball” method can provide psychological wins and motivate continued debt repayment efforts.
For structured debts like student loans and mortgages with lower interest rates, adhering to the standard repayment plan while focusing extra payments on higher-interest debt can be a balanced strategy.
Additionally, employing methods like debt consolidation or transfers to lower APR vehicles can further aid in reducing the cost of borrowing and accelerate debt payoff.
Learn more about debt snowball vs debt avalanche.
Striking a Balance: Managing Varied Debts Wisely
Crafting an effective debt management strategy is a fundamental step toward financial health.
Implementing tailored repayment plans, such as debt consolidation or debt management programs, can alleviate the stress of multiple liabilities.
You don’t want to be at a point where you must get out of debt ASAP. Employing debt payoff methods such as the Snowball and Avalanche techniques can accelerate the journey toward being debt-free.
Credit counseling is often necessary to dig into the root of spending problems because it provides professional guidance on budgeting and debt management. Thus, helping individuals restructure their financial practices and develop a targeted plan to overcome excessive spending habits.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Debt represents money owed across various agreements, while a loan is a specific form of debt where money is borrowed under agreed repayment terms and interest rates.
The most common debts include mortgage debt, credit card debt, auto loans, and student loans, reflecting the widespread financial needs for housing, education, transportation, and consumer spending.
Opting to pay off higher-interest revolving debt first generally saves money and boosts credit scores more effectively than tackling installment loans, due to the compounding effect of revolving debt interest.
This is a personal decision and one you must decide on yourself.
Which Consumer Debts Make Sense to You?
In conclusion, the takeaways are not all debt is created equal, and each type can affect your financial future differently. By recognizing whether a debt is secured or unsecured, or if it revolves or is due in installments, you can better strategize how to handle your obligations.
This knowledge is not only beneficial for making decisions about new loans or credit lines but also for creating a robust plan to tackle existing debt.
Comprehending this area of financial literacy, you position yourself to make wiser decisions that align with your financial aspirations. Ultimately, striving for a future where debt works for you, not against you.
By gaining a deeper understanding of the characteristics and consequences of each debt type, you can not only avoid common pitfalls but also harness debt as an instrument to build wealth and secure a robust financial future.
Then, you can stick with these debt free living habits.
Source
Experian. “Experian Study: U.S. Consumer Debt Reaches $16.84 Trillion in Q2 2023.” https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/research/consumer-debt-study/. Accessed May 7, 2024.
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I started working with a client a couple years ago whose incoming portfolio was 20% Starbucks. That’s a lat(te) in one stock. I’ll see myself out.
For comparison, Starbucks comprises 0.20% of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 should only be a portion of an individual’s stock holdings, which are only a portion of an overall portfolio (with bonds, alternatives, real estate, whatever). 20% is way too much Starbucks.
When I started explaining this thought process, the client protested. “Jesse – there’s a Starbucks on every corner in America. Why would we sell it?”
This logic is very understandable. After all, there is a Starbucks on every corner in America. The premise is true. But this client’s conclusion—“Therefore, why sell Starbucks?!”—doesn’t follow his premise.
That’s the logical misstep we’ll dive into today. A “good company” doesn’t always make a “good investment.”
Lessons from History
My hometown pride, Kodak, was once one of the most visible companies in the world.
It would have been easy to sit there in 1985 and think,
“Kodak is everywhere. They own the global film market the same way GE owns consumer electronics and Sears owns department stores. Why would I ever diversify out of Kodak?”
A seemingly logical investor
Well…
That’s a share price going from ~$90 per share to zero in about 17 years. The stock market and economic history are littered with “good companies” going broke. It’s called “creative destruction” and is an essential part of a healthy economy.
But it’s terrible if you happen to own those specific stocks.
It’s Not About Popularity or Frequency
Investor Peter Lynch is known for many quips, perhaps none more famous than:
“Invest in what you know. Know what you own and know why you own it.”
Unfortunately, many investors interpret that quote as:
“Invest in what you’ve heard of, and own it because you’ve heard of it.”
…and what they’ve heard of, naturally, are popular consumer brands and companies with a “high frequency” in society e.g. those with many stores, many products, long histories, etc.
But what Lynch actually meant in his quote is: “The more familiar you are with a company, and the better you understand its business and competitive environment, the better your chances of finding a good ‘story’ that will actually come true.”
You can’t just “know” Starbucks because you enjoy its coffee or because you see it on every corner. You must “know” its business fundamentals, competitors, potential future paths, etc. The market does not care about popularity or frequency alone. It only cares about popularity and frequency insofar as those factors positively or negatively affect the objective fundamentals of the business.
Past vs. Future
Riffing off the previous stanza, concepts like “popularity” and “frequency” are both hallmarks of a company’s past. The stores you see, the brand’s standing in our culture, and the company’s heretofore investment returns are all a function of what the company has done in the past.
But the stock market is forward-looking. The thousands of investors who buy and sell stocks and determine their daily prices don’t care about the past. They are, quite literally, trying to predict a company’s future. They are pricing in that anticipated future into today’s fair value.
Quite understandably, most investors don’t do this. They either shape their opinions based on the past (popularity, frequency, past investment returns, etc.) or they react to current-day news. These are both mistakes.
The intelligent investor thinks about the future. But any statement akin to, “Company ABC will be great in the future,” is a challenging statement to make accurately.
Wonderful Company? Fair Price?
Nothing against Peter Lynch, but most of you know I’m a fan of Uncle Warren, who is famous for saying:
“It’s far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a wonderful price.”
Even if Starbucks is one of Buffett’s “wonderful companies,” is it trading at a “fair price”? Most people – including many investment professionals – are terrible at determining what a “fair price” truly is. Price is a defining feature of any investment!
I frequently use the “Honda Civic” example to explain this idea.
Is a Honda Civic a fair car? Sure. A good to great car? Quite possibly! Would you be happy owning a new Honda Civic? Many of you would say, “Sure, why not?”
But would you pay $100,000 for that new Honda Civic? No way.
It’s not enough to say, “Starbucks is a good company. Perhaps a great company.” That’s challenging enough on its own. But we must go further and ask ourselves if Starbucks is trading for a “fair price.” And quite simply, most of us are terrible at determining what “fair price” truly means – at least when it comes to stocks.
Needles
I’m biased, but I’m a big fan of this article I wrote in May 2023. I won’t rehash it too much here, but I encourage you to read it right now.
Most stocks perform worse than simple Treasury bonds
Only ~4% of stocks (or 1 in 25) account for all historical stock market outperformance over bonds
Anytime your odds are 1 in 25, you should think hard about your actions.
Sizing and Allocation
Play along with me. Let’s assume, for the sake of argument, the client was correct. Because Starbucks is everywhere, it must be a good stock to own, and it’s trading at a good price.
If that’s true, does it necessitate Starbucks should comprise 20% of our portfolio? Put another way: are there only ~5 good companies in America?
Any way you cut the biscotti, a 20% position is severely overweight. In financial planning, we want to reduce our range of potential outcomes. That’s why we diversify. Having 20% of your money tied to one single stock leads to a wide range of potential outcomes.
Closing the Cafe
For what it’s worth, the client did listen to our counsel and has been divesting out of Starbucks (as tax efficiently as possible). This past week’s ~17% drop in Starbucks’ stock price hurts, but not as much as it would have two years ago.
I’m sure there are more reasons not to own a few single stocks, not to own Starbucks specifically, and not to have too many eggs in any basket. What do you think? If I’ve missed some low-hanging fruit (salad) in terms of my reasoning, please leave me a Comment below!
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After formally endorsing plans for an ambitious new Bay Area City in Solano County this week, Vacaville’s vice mayor is in the hot seat after it was revealed that he had earlier sought to associate his home loan business with the developer’s campaign for the project known as California Forever.
Through his real estate license, Vice Mayor Greg Ritchie and owner of Citizens Financial Home Loans filed two fictitious business names or “Doing Business As” titles as “California Forever Home Loans” and “California Forever Homes,” in January, according to The Mercury News.
Ritchie has faced some backlash over his support of the project on social media. Members of the California ForNever Facebook group advised in a post that Vacaville residents should reach out to their City Council representatives to voice concerns over Ritchie’s affiliation with the project.
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In an attempt to address the filings, Ritchie’s informational website, California Forever Home Loans, now redirects inquiries to a personal message from the vice mayor acknowledging the filings by saying he was “energized … by the forward thinking proposal by California Forever to supply $400M in downpayment assistance specifically for Solano and Travis families as part of their East Solano Plan. It is an unprecedented benefit for working families across Solano County.”
The original content on the website was removed because Ritchie said it caused confusion since “the project is still a few years from building homes.”
“I want to make one thing crystal clear — neither my company nor myself have any economic relationship or interest in California Forever,” Ritchie goes on to say in his online message. “I have also not received any donations or political contributions for my endorsement. My endorsement was given purely based on my professional and personal belief that this is a good project that will help thousands of Solano families reach the dream of homeownership.”
Ritchie could not be reached for comment by The Times.
On Tuesday, the Bay Area tech leaders behind the California Forever campaign held a news conference to announce that they had turned over more than 20,000 voter signatures to the Solano County registrar in support of putting the issue before local voters. If the county validates at least 13,062 of those signatures, the measure would go before voters in November, seeking to amend zoning codes to allow the residential project to be built on agricultural land.
Backers tout the project as an innovative way to create more affordable housing in close proximity to the Bay Area. The designs calls for transforming 18,000 acres now dedicated to ranching and wind farms into a community of 50,000 residents that would grow, over time, to as many as 400,000. The project promises 15,000 higher-paying jobs in manufacturing and technology, as well as parks, bike lanes and a solar farm.
“Solano voters have made their first decision, and they have made it loud and clear,” said Jan Sramek, a former Goldman Sachs trader who is chief executive of California Forever. “People from all walks of life, all parts of the county are all saying the same thing. They are saying, ‘Yes, we want to have a say in the future of this place that we love.’”
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Along with Sramek, backers of the project include LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman, venture capitalist Marc Andreessen, and Patrick and John Collison, who founded the payment-processing company Stripe.
Even if the measure is certified for the November ballot and voters approve it, the project faces a number of challenges and regulatory hurdles. Chief among those are additional approvals, including from the federal government, and the specter of lawsuits from environmental groups that have signaled they intend to take the nascent effort to court.
Americans are in limbo about where the housing market could go next, but they are resolute about the conditions for buying right now.
Nearly 80% of Americans think it’s a bad time to buy a house, according to the Fannie Mae Home Purchase Sentiment Index (HPSI), a survey gauging homebuying and selling confidence. The index stayed flat in April compared to the previous month as consumers adjust to elevated mortgage rates that show little promise of easing. The average rate on a 30-year loan stood at 7.22% last week. Consumer confidence is still up 8% year over year.
In addition, fewer Americans believe mortgage rates will decline over the next 12 months, sidelining buyers awaiting affordability improvement.
“Housing sentiment increased from November through February, driven largely by consumer belief that mortgage rates would move lower,” said Doug Duncan, Fannie Mae senior vice president and chief economist. “However, recent data showing stickier-than-expected inflation, rising mortgage rates, and continued home price appreciation appear to have given consumers pause regarding the market’s direction.”
A closer look at mortgage rates
Waning expectations of a rate drop are becoming a common trend.
In the latest survey, only about 1 in 4 Americans believed rates would drop over the next 12 months, a decline from nearly 1 in 3 a month prior. In comparison, at the beginning of the year, almost 40% of survey respondents said they expected rates to fall.
“[Strong economic and job market data] will keep mortgage rates at elevated levels for the near future, sidelining some prospective buyers from entering the housing market,” said Edward Seiler, Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) associate vice president.
With rates hovering around 7% for a 30-year loan over the last few months, monthly mortgage costs have risen. The national median payment rose past $2,200 in March from $2,184 in February, according to the MBA. Payments could become even more expensive going forward as average 30-year loan rates surpassed 7% over the last three weeks, with no signs of falling.
Read more: Mortgage rates top 7% — is this a good time to buy a house?
Home sellers remain optimistic
Contrasting homebuyers’ woes, an increasing number of Americans think now is a good time to sell. The share of survey respondents confident in selling reached nearly 70% in April, up from 60% at the beginning of the year and 62% in the same month last year.
Home sellers’ growing optimism could be attributed to the continual growth in home prices nationwide. The latest national housing price index gained 6.4% in February, according to the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller US National Home Price.
“As interest rates go up, people’s purchasing power goes down, and thus, so should home prices. But that hasn’t happened in this latest correction cycle,” Jon Grauman, founder of Grauman Rosenfeld, a real estate firm in Los Angeles, told Yahoo Finance.
Consumers are braced for high prices — more than 40% of Fannie Mae’s survey participants expect home prices to increase over the next 12 months, compared to 37% earlier this year.
“We think consumers’ generally improved sense of home-selling conditions bodes well for listings and housing activity, particularly for the segment of the population who may need to move for lifestyle reasons and have already begun adjusting their financial expectations to the current mortgage rate and price environment,” Duncan said.
Correction: A previous version of this article listed the incorrect firm name for Grauman Rosenfeld. We regret the error.
Rebecca Chen is a reporter for Yahoo Finance and previously worked as an investment tax certified public accountant (CPA).
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Though a promissory note and a mortgage work together to create a legally binding loan agreement, each has its own distinct purpose in finalizing a real estate transaction. When you sign a promissory note, you’re agreeing to pay back the loan amount under specific loan terms. When you sign a mortgage, you’re acknowledging that if you default on that loan, the lender can get its money back by foreclosing on the property.
These separate contracts have important roles in your purchase, so before you sign on the dotted line, read on for an explanation of how each one works.
Promissory Note vs Mortgage
If you’re borrowing money to buy real estate, you’ll likely be asked to sign both a promissory note and a mortgage at your closing. And in the blur of paperwork, it may seem as though they’re pretty much the same thing.
They aren’t. Here’s a look at the role each document has in finalizing a home loan agreement.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
What Is a Promissory Note?
You can think of a promissory note as a formal and really specific IOU. It’s the borrower’s promise to repay the loan by a predetermined date, and it typically details the terms of the loan, including the loan amount, the interest rate, the length of the loan, and monthly payments (all the factors you would see in an online mortgage calculator).
If you sign the promissory note, sometimes referred to as a mortgage note, you are obligated to pay back the loan under these terms.
What Is a Mortgage?
A mortgage is the contract you sign with the lender that states that the property you’re purchasing serves as the security, or collateral, for the loan. It contains a legal description of the property and usually notes that you’re responsible for things like maintenance and for carrying homeowners insurance.
The mortgage doesn’t obligate you or anyone who signs it to repay the loan, but it does allow the lender to take the property as collateral if you don’t make your payments or if you otherwise fail to follow through on the terms of the loan. If you default, the lender can proceed with a mortgage foreclosure and then sell the home to recover its money.
Recommended: What Are the Different Types of Home Mortgage?
Key Similarities and Differences Between a Mortgage and Promissory Note
Because the paperwork a borrower completes and signs for a real estate loan is often referred to, in general, as the “mortgage,” it can be easy to lose sight of the different purposes of the mortgage and promissory note. So here’s a quick breakdown of some of their similarities and differences.
Similarities Between Promissory Notes and Mortgages
• Both documents establish a legally binding contract that ensures the lender is protected if the borrower defaults on the loan.
• Some of the terms of the promissory note may also be listed in the mortgage, including the length of the loan and the amount due. (The interest rate and monthly payment usually aren’t included on the mortgage, however, and won’t be a part of the public record.)
• Both are important documents that you should read (and understand) before signing.
Differences Between Promissory Notes and Mortgages
• Each document has a distinct purpose and legal implication. A signed promissory note serves as the borrower’s promise to repay the home loan. A signed mortgage secures the note to the property and says you agree the lender can foreclose on your property if you default on the terms of the loan.
• Each document contains different pieces of information. While the promissory note lists more details about the loan terms, including the interest rate and repayment schedule, the mortgage has more details about the borrower’s obligations and the lender’s rights.
• There’s also a difference in where each document is kept after the closing. The lender holds onto the promissory note until the loan is paid off. (After that it can serve as the borrower’s “receipt,” proving the loan is paid — so it’s important to make sure you keep it in a safe place when you receive it.) The mortgage becomes part of the county land records to provide a traceable chain of ownership.
• Each document confers a different obligation on those who sign it. Anyone who signs the promissory note can be held personally liable for the borrowed money and could face legal consequences if they fail to make their payments. If, for example, the lender forecloses on the home and sells it, but the sale doesn’t cover the amount you owe, you may be responsible for paying the difference, depending on state laws. However, if you sign only the mortgage document and not the promissory note, the lender can’t hold you legally responsible for paying back the loan; you’re only giving the lender permission to foreclose on the property if the loan isn’t repaid.
How Promissory Notes and Mortgages Compare
Promissory Note
Mortgage
Protects the lender if the borrower defaults
x
x
Outlines terms of the loan agreement
x
x (with limits)
Establishes borrower’s legal promise to repay loan
x
Establishes lender can foreclose upon default
x
Is held by the lender until loan is paid
x
Is filed in county records
x
Should be read and understood before signing
x
x
Required Documents to Get a Mortgage
You should be prepared to provide and sign several documents during the homebuying process — first on the front end, when you’re applying for a loan, and again later, when it’s time to close on the property.
The person who’s in charge of your closing can give you a complete list of what you’ll need to bring with you and the paperwork you’ll be asked to sign, but here are a few of the documents you can expect to see:
Closing Disclosure
The Closing Disclosure lays out the final terms of the loan, including all closing costs, and provides information about who is paying and who is receiving money at closing. Lenders are required to send buyers a copy of their Closing Disclosure at least three business days before closing so there’s time to review it and clear up any potential discrepancies. You should bring it with you to your closing to be sure your costs remain the same as you expected or that any necessary changes were made.
Promissory Note
The promissory note is the document that states that you legally agree to repay your home loan. It provides important details about the loan, including the amount owed, interest rate, dates when the payments will be due, length of the loan, and where payments should be sent.
Mortgage/Deed of Trust/Security Instrument
This document gives your lender the right to foreclose on your property if you fail to live up to the repayment terms you agreed to. It also will outline your responsibilities and rights as a borrower.
(Your state may use a deed of trust vs. a mortgage as part of the home loan process. A deed of trust states that a neutral third party — usually the title company — may hold legal title to the home until the borrower pays off the loan.)
Initial Escrow Disclosure
This form explains the specific charges you may have to pay into an escrow account each month as part of your mortgage agreement, such as money to cover property taxes and insurance.
Deed
This document transfers ownership of the property from the seller to the buyer.
Right to Cancel Form
You’ll only see this form if you’re refinancing your home loan (it doesn’t apply if you’re purchasing the property). It states your right to cancel the loan within three business days and explains how that process works.
Recommended: What Is Mortgage Underwriting?
The Takeaway
Though people tend to think of the term “mortgage” as describing everything that has to do with their home loan, there are actually two separate documents that form the legal agreement between a buyer and a lender and outline their responsibilities.
It’s important to understand the differences between these two distinct pieces of paperwork — the promissory note and the mortgage — before you see them at your closing. You’ll also want to carefully review them — and all the forms you see — before you sign for your loan.
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FAQ
Do you need a promissory note and a mortgage to buy a house?
Usually, yes. But you might have a promissory note without a mortgage if you’re using an unsecured loan from a family member, a friend, or the seller.
Is a promissory note the same as a loan?
A promissory note is part of a formal loan agreement. It contains a promise from the borrower to repay a specific amount of money to the lender under designated terms.
What is the purpose of a promissory note in real estate?
The promissory note helps formalize the terms of a real estate loan, including the length of the loan, the interest rate, how and when payments should be made, and what happens if the borrower defaults.
Does a promissory note create a lien?
No. A promissory note obligates the borrower to repay the loan, but it does not “collateralize,” or secure, the loan to the property.
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“I would say that anything is theoretically possible. We learned that lesson when the pandemic started, but I’d say this is an election year and the odds of the Fed actually hiking rates at this point, and this year, are probably highly unlikely,” she said. Expectations of a summer rate cut rapidly faded amid a … [Read more…]
Still, mortgage professionals on the ground continue to note an elevated pace of application and homebuying activity with borrowers seemingly accustomed to the high-rate environment of recent times. Mortgage rates in the US have risen for the fourth consecutive week, reaching an average of 7.17% for 30-year fixed loans.https://t.co/7m4K777J6b — Mortgage Professional America Magazine (@MPAMagazineUS) … [Read more…]
Higher interest rates are increasing pressure on homebuyers who are already facing a challenging housing market. Many would-be buyers are understandably putting purchasing plans on hold, but there are no signs mortgage rates will drop significantly in the near future, and there are some sensible steps to take if you want to become a homeowner soon.
Mortgage rates surged past 7% for the first time this year on April 18 and continued to climb last week. According to Freddie Mac’s benchmark survey, the rate on a 30-year, fixed-rate loan is averaging 7.17% — more than half a percentage point higher than at the start of the year. And the upward trend may not be over.
Len Kiefer, Freddie Mac’s deputy chief economist, says it’s hard to predict just how much higher rates could rise, given the volatility in the market. A lot depends on data regarding inflation, which is proving to be stickier than everyone hoped for, and market expectations as to when the Federal Reserve will start cutting short-term interest rates.
“Given the current [economic] trajectory we’re on, it’s looking like there’s still some upward momentum,” Kiefer says. “In the very near term, we’ll probably see these rates be at the current level or a little bit higher.”
How much higher could mortgage rates go?
Most early-year forecasts predicted that mortgage rates would start moving in a slow downward trend throughout the year. While those outlooks seemed to be on the money during the first two months of the year, the opposite has been true in recent months.
According to Bob Smith, head of real estate for Advisor Credit Exchange, for at least the remainder of the year, “Rates are going to be bounded in a range . . . probably in the 6%s, low 7%s.”
It’s unclear when inflation will finally be under control, meaning mortgage rates will probably remain volatile for a while before settling down.
In the long term, Kiefer and Smith see inflationary pressures easing later this year. That should help nudge mortgage rates lower — just “not as much as we had thought,” Kiefer says.
Impact on homebuyers, sellers and the housing market
High mortgage rates are hitting buyers right in the middle of the spring buying season. According to Freddie Mac, about 36% of all home sales take place between March and June, making these months the busiest time in the housing market.
Elevated mortgage rates, combined with high home prices and a lack of enough inventory to meet buyer demand, have led to record-high monthly payments. Homeowners insurance costs are at all-time highs as well, up 20% in the past year. These factors are pushing many would-be buyers to put their plans on hold. According to a report by BMO Financial Group, 71% of would-be homebuyers are waiting for rates to drop before buying a house.
Potential home sellers are also feeling the crunch, especially those who bought when rates were much lower. The cost of obtaining a new mortgage at a higher rate is keeping owners locked into their homes.
Despite the challenges, buyers shouldn’t panic. “Rates are, for a large part, temporary. At some point, [they] will go down,” says Scott Bridges, chief CDL production officer at lender Pennymac.
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How buyers can cope with high mortgage rates
Instead of worrying about things that are out of your control, it’s best to focus on the fundamentals of homebuying to see if purchasing a home right now is the right move (regardless of the rate). Here’s what you can do:
Take care of your credit score.
Check your credit score and try to improve it while you’re shopping for a home. Buyers with better credit generally have access to lower mortgage rates. On the other hand, taking on extra debt during this time will reduce your score as well as your debt-to-income ratio, which will cause lenders to offer a higher interest rate on a mortgage. “When rates are higher, every bit of debt counts,” says Bridges.
Be prepared to negotiate.
Higher mortgage rates could move some buyers out of the market, which means more opportunities and less competition for those who can afford to buy. Don’t be afraid to lowball a little bit. With fewer buyers, you may be able to negotiate a lower price or concessions with a motivated seller.
Cast a wider net to find a home.
Ideally, you’ll find a move-in ready home that fits your budget. The reality is that homes requiring little to no work attract a lot of attention and you may find yourself in a bidding war. Don’t be afraid to look for homes that may need some TLC. The asking price is likely more negotiable, and you may find you can use the money you save to fix up the home to your taste.
Know how much house you can afford.
Set a budget you’re comfortable with. Use a housing affordability calculator to get an estimate of how much you can pay towards a home purchase. You can also get loan estimates from several different lenders to find the best rates and loan terms. And remember, the maximum amount a lender is willing to lend isn’t necessarily what you should spend on a home. Set a lower budget if it makes better financial sense or if you want to have some wiggle room if you have to compete against other buyers.
Don’t rush.
A house is likely the most amount of money you’ll ever spend. Bridges says that homebuyers typically make mistakes when they rush the process. Take the time to inspect the property and ask to see a home appraisal. Make sure it’s the right fit for your needs at the right price for you.
“Try to do things patiently,” says Bridges. “Don’t overpay, and don’t panic.”
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