A new affordable housing law passed by Florida’s legislature and signed in March by Gov. Ron DeSantis is reportedly creating anxiety among local elected officials who are concerned that the new law cedes too much control over zoning and other matters to the state government.
The “Live Local Act,” passed unanimously in the State Senate and by a vote of 103-6 in the House, represents a sizable investment in housing by incentivizing developers to construct affordable housing units while restricting zoning and planning restrictions in local jurisdictions approving multifamily construction projects in order to limit bureaucratic barriers to increase supply.
But some of those local officials are now expressing concern that the provisions of the new law are restricting their ability to more actively participate in development decisions within their communities, according to reporting by WUSF Public Media.
“I think the hesitancy comes with the fact that it’s a preemption. I think whenever we’re talking about home rule or preemption, there’s always going to be local pushback,” Florida Housing Coalition Legal Director Kody Glazer told the outlet.
The new law comes with restrictions as to how much local elected officials can influence zoning and development decisions as well as density and height restrictions. Some of these concerns have been echoed in other states that have passed restrictions on zoning in other states including Massachusetts and Washington.
The Tampa metro area has experienced among the highest home price increases in the country since 2019, in large part because the counties have in place restrictive zoning policies that increase the value of land.
Following antidevelopment protests from residents ostensibly concerned about local infrastructure, in late 2019 Hillsborough County placed a moratorium on the rezoning of land for housing in some areas. Two years later, Pasco County, north of Tampa, also put a moratorium on rezoning to multifamily use in some areas.
The new Florida law applies to any residential housing projects that sit “on commercial, industrial or mixed-use land that allocates at least 40% of units to be affordable for residents earning up to 120% of the area median income,” according to WUSF. The law went into effect on July 1, and officials in cities including St. Petersburg and Tampa were reportedly briefed on their remaining rights overseeing such projects under the new law.
The process has gone more smoothly in St. Petersburg than Tampa, where officials in the former have “already heard interest from ‘ready to build’ developers in recent weeks” based on local reporting by the Tampa Bay Business Journal. In Tampa itself, however, a city council meeting on July 13 featured sometimes tense discussions between city leaders centered on compliance anxiety with the new law.
“The state is going to just gonna keep taking and taking and taking – and I’m not willing to give an inch more than I’m required to,” said Tampa city council member Lynn Hurtak, according to WUSF. She later introduced a motion to implement only what was legally required by the city to comply with the new law until the next scheduled council meeting. That motion passed.
During the meeting, another city official – Nicole Travis, Tampa’s economic development director – explained that while she understood the council’s frustrations, “the new housing rules make the approval process of eligible affordable housing projects a solely administrative function that can circumvent city council,” according to WUSF.
Welcome to the ultimate guide on converting a carport to a garage. Whether you reside in the vibrant city of Nashville, TN, and dream of transforming your carport into a garage with a guest living area, or you just bought a house in the quaint and charming city of San Marcos, CA, where you envision creating a mini bar and recreational living space, this Redfin article provides a comprehensive list of all the major considerations you should to take into account before you begin your project.
Converting a carport into a functional and versatile space is not only a trending home feature that adds value to your home but also opens up a world of exciting possibilities. In this article, we’ll provide you with a comprehensive checklist to consider before starting on your carport conversion project, along with fresh and innovative ideas that will inspire and elevate your project to new heights.
Carport garage conversion checklist
1. Check your local building codes, HOA regulations, and permits
Before starting on a carport garage conversion, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with the specific building codes and regulations in your area. Local building codes determine the minimum standards for construction, safety, and design, ensuring that the garage conversion meets essential requirements. Additionally, if your property falls under a Homeowners Association (HOA), their rules and guidelines may impose restrictions or design criteria for garage conversion.
Ensure compliance with both the local authorities and the HOA to avoid potential legal issues or costly alterations down the line. Furthermore, obtain all necessary permits before beginning your project as these documents ensure that the project is reviewed and approved by the appropriate authorities and that it adheres to safety and zoning standards.
2. Determine your budget and financing options
Creating a comprehensive budget is a crucial step before starting any carport garage conversion project. Carefully assess the scope of your project, including materials, labor, permits, and any additional features or amenities you plan to incorporate. Factor in unexpected expenses to allow for flexibility during the project. If your budget exceeds your available funds, explore financing options such as home equity loans, personal loans, or lines of credit. Make sure to choose a financing solution with favorable terms and interest rates that align with your financial capabilities.
3. Hire a professional for a structural assessment
Converting a carport into a garage involves altering the existing structure, and it’s vital to ensure its stable and durable. Engage a qualified and experienced professional, such as a structural engineer or contractor, to conduct a thorough assessment of the carport’s foundation, framework, and load-bearing capacity. They will identify any potential weaknesses or areas that require reinforcement to support the additional weight of walls, roofing, and other modifications. The structural assessment provides crucial insights that guide the design and construction phase, ensuring that your new garage is safe and built to last.
Relying on professional expertise during this stage minimizes the risk of structural issues and potential hazards in the future. Before commencing any home improvement project, make sure to ask contractors questions to ensure their qualifications, experience, and adherence to local regulations and building codes. This proactive approach will help you select the right professional for the job and provide peace of mind throughout the conversion process.
4. Plan the design and layout of your garage
Careful planning of the design and layout is essential for creating a functional and aesthetically pleasing garage. Consider the number of vehicles you want to accommodate, as well as any additional storage needs or utility areas, such as a workbench Think about the placement of windows and doors to ensure sufficient natural light and easy access. If you intend to use the garage for multiple purposes, create designated zones to optimize space. Sketch out your ideas and explore various design options to find the one that best suits your needs and complements the overall architecture of your home.
5. Select the appropriate building materials
Choosing the right building materials is vital for the structural integrity, durability, and appearance of your garage. Select materials that align with your design preferences and work best for your local climate. For example, if your area experiences harsh weather conditions, opt for materials that offer superior weather resistance. Consider the type of walls, like wood or concrete blocks, and the types of roofing materials, like asphalt shingles or metal that will suit your needs and budget. High-quality materials may require a higher upfront cost but can save you money in the long run by reducing maintenance and repair expenses.
6. Plan for ventilation and climate control
Proper ventilation and climate control are essential to maintain a comfortable and safe environment within the garage. Adequate ventilation prevents the buildup of moisture and fumes, which can lead to mold growth and unpleasant odors. Install vents or exhaust fans to promote airflow and improve air quality. Additionally, consider insulation to regulate temperature extremes, keeping the garage cooler in summer and warmer in winter. If you plan to use the garage for activities that generate heat, such as a workshop or home gym, consider incorporating heating and cooling systems to ensure a pleasant workspace year-round. Efficient ventilation and climate control contribute to the longevity of the garage and protect any valuable items stored inside.
7. Determine if you need utility connections
Evaluate whether your garage conversion requires utility connections such as electricity, water, or gas. If you plan to use the garage as a workshop, laundry room, or home office, electrical outlets are essential to power tools and appliances. If you need water for a utility sink or bathroom, ensure the plumbing connections are feasible. Consider the potential cost of extending utilities to the garage and consult with professionals to understand the best approach for connecting utilities safely and efficiently.
8. Explore your garage door options
Selecting the right garage door is crucial for convenience, security, and aesthetics. Assess various garage door types, such as overhead roll-up doors, sectional doors, or swing-out doors, each offering different benefits. Also, consider the material of the garage door, such as steel, wood, or aluminum, based on your preferences and budget. Automatic garage door openers with remote controls provide added convenience and security. Choose a garage door that complements the architectural style of your home and meets your functional requirements.
9. Plan for lighting
Proper lighting is essential for a functional and safe garage. Assess the lighting needs based on the garage’s intended use. Overhead lighting provides general illumination, while task lighting is necessary for work areas. Consider LED lighting for its energy efficiency and long lifespan. If you want to maximize natural light, strategically place windows or skylights to enhance brightness during the day. Motion-activated lights around the garage’s exterior can also serve as security measures, deterring potential intruders.
10. Consider security measures
Garages often store valuable items like vehicles, tools, and equipment, making security a top priority. Install sturdy locks on all doors, including entry doors and any connecting doors to the house. Consider an alarm system to protect against theft and unauthorized access. Security cameras provide surveillance, allowing you to monitor activities around the garage. Motion sensor lights outside the garage act as a deterrent and enhance visibility during nighttime. Additionally, if you have windows in the garage, consider adding window locks for added security. By incorporating these security measures, you can safeguard your belongings and ensure peace of mind.
Carport conversion garage ideas
A garage is more than just a space to store cars, it can be a versatile extension of your home. Once you have converted your carport into a functional area, it’s time to consider a garage makeover that will elevate its potential even further. Explore exciting ideas such as transforming your garage into a dedicated home gym, a productive home office, or a fun-filled playroom.
For DIY enthusiasts, a well-organized workshop area can become a dream come true. Alternatively, create a cozy pet area to ensure your furry companions have a safe and comfortable space. With these creative garage makeover ideas, your garage will become a dynamic and multi-functional space that enhances your lifestyle and adds value to your home.
Workshop space
Converting your home garage into a workshop area is a dream come true for DIY enthusiasts and hobbyists. Start by installing a sturdy workbench with ample storage for tools and materials. Organize your tools on peg boards or wall-mounted tool racks for easy access. Adequate lighting is crucial for precision work, so consider adding task lighting above the workbench and general overhead lighting for the entire space. Enhance functionality by incorporating built-in shelves and cabinets for storing supplies. Insulate the garage to regulate temperature and make it a comfortable workspace year-round. With a dedicated workshop in your garage, you’ll have the ideal environment to unleash your creativity and complete various projects with ease.
Playroom
Converting your garage into a versatile playroom creates a dedicated space for recreational activities and entertainment for all members of the household. Start by creating a blank canvas with neutral colors to suit various interests and age groups. Consider adding soft and comfortable flooring for activities like yoga, board games, or simply lounging around. Install ample storage solutions such as shelves, bins, or cabinets to keep toys, games, and recreational equipment organized and easily accessible. Incorporate versatile furniture like bean bags, floor cushions, and modular seating to accommodate different play activities.
Add a chalkboard or whiteboard wall for creative expression and interactive fun. Integrate a variety of entertainment options, such as a TV, gaming consoles, or a projector for movie nights and virtual adventures. By creating a multifunctional playroom in your garage, you’ll have a space where everyone can unwind, have fun, and spend quality time together.
Home office
Converting your garage into a home office allows you to create a productive workspace away from distractions inside the house. Start by insulating the garage to ensure a comfortable and quiet environment. Consider adding windows or skylights to bring in natural light and create a pleasant working atmosphere. Install a sturdy desk and ergonomic chair for comfortable hours of work. Organize the office with shelves, filing cabinets, and storage solutions for a clutter-free space. Set up a reliable internet connection to stay connected and productive. If necessary, add heating and cooling systems to maintain a comfortable temperature. Personalize your home office with artwork, plants, and decor to create a motivating and inspiring workspace that enhances your productivity and creativity.
Home gym
Transforming your garage into a home gym provides the ultimate convenience for fitness enthusiasts. Clear out clutter and install rubber or foam flooring to create a safe and comfortable workout area. Incorporate wall-mounted mirrors to check your form and enhance the sense of space. Install proper ventilation or fans to keep the air fresh during intense workouts. Organize your gym equipment with wall-mounted racks or freestanding storage systems. Consider adding a sound system to keep you motivated during exercise sessions. With a home gym in your converted garage, you can exercise at any time without the hassle of traveling to a commercial gym, ensuring a more consistent and effective fitness routine.
Pet play area
Transforming your garage into a pet play area provides a safe and comfortable space for your furry companions. Clear out the garage and create a cozy environment with pet-friendly flooring, such as rubber mats or pet-safe carpeting. Designate specific areas for your pets to rest, play, and eat, and consider adding built-in pet beds or kennels. Install proper ventilation to maintain a fresh and odor-free atmosphere. Set up storage for pet supplies and accessories, including food, toys, and grooming tools. Ensure the garage is secure with pet-friendly doors and windows, allowing your pets to enjoy the outdoors safely. By converting your garage into a pet area, you offer a dedicated space where your pets can feel at home and be well-cared for.
Home bar and entertainment area
Converting your garage into a stylish home bar and entertainment area provides an ideal space for hosting gatherings and unwinding with friends and family. Install a functional bar counter with seating, complete with a sink and storage for drinkware and beverages. Consider adding a mini-fridge, ice maker, and wine cooler for easy access to refreshments. Set up a media area with a large-screen TV, sound system, and comfortable seating for movie nights and sports events. Enhance the ambiance with mood lighting, such as pendant lights or LED strips. Add decorative elements like wall art, mirrors, and shelving to showcase your spirits collection and add character to the space. With a well-designed home bar and entertainment area, your garage will become the go-to spot for fun and relaxation.
Laundry room
Transforming your garage into a laundry room not only significantly enhances your home’s functionality but also provides the added benefit of maintaining a clean and organized garage space. Install a utility sink for handwashing and soaking clothes, and set up space for your washing machine and dryer. Add ample counter space for folding and organizing laundry. Integrate built-in cabinets or shelves for storage of laundry supplies, cleaning products, and household essentials. Consider a drying rack or designated hanging space to air-dry clothes. Ensure the garage is well-ventilated for humidity control and maintain a pleasant atmosphere while doing laundry. By transforming your garage into a laundry room, you can streamline your laundry routine and keep your living spaces tidy and clutter-free.
Art and music studio
Transforming your garage into a versatile music and art studio at home provides an inspiring and creative space for artistic expression and musical pursuits. Start by creating a well-lit environment with ample natural light and adjustable artificial lighting to cater to various art and music needs. Install soundproofing materials like acoustic panels or foam to minimize sound leakage and ensure optimal acoustics for musical instruments. Consider adding storage solutions like shelves, drawers, and cabinets to organize art supplies, paints, brushes, and musical equipment.
Set up designated areas for artwork creation, musical instrument practice, and recording projects. Personalize the studio with artwork, musical memorabilia, and decor that reflect your unique style and inspirations. With a dedicated art and music studio in your garage, you’ll have a sanctuary to explore your creative passions and immerse yourself fully in the world of art and music.
Guest room
Converting your garage into a cozy and welcoming guest room is a fantastic way to provide a welcoming space for visiting friends and family. Begin by decluttering and insulating the garage to create a comfortable environment. Install proper lighting and ventilation to ensure a pleasant stay for your guests. Consider adding a comfortable bed, storage solutions, and decor that make the guest room feel like a home away from home. Personalize the space with thoughtful touches to make your guests feel special and cared for during their stay.
However, before proceeding with the conversion, be sure to check with your local authorities about Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) regulations, as these may apply to the guest room conversion depending on your area’s zoning laws and building codes. Taking these factors into consideration will help you create a delightful and compliant guest room for your loved ones.
Are you looking to create a tranquil escape right in your own backyard? In this Redfin article, we will explore the world of privacy fences and offer expert tips to help you build the perfect enclosure for your outdoor sanctuary. Whether you’re in Raleigh, NC, or Sarasota, Florida, we’ve got privacy fence ideas that can suit no matter where you live. Building a privacy fence can be the perfect solution to achieve serenity and seclusion.
Let’s explore the world of privacy fences, from the practicalities of cost and construction to the creative ideas that will turn your backyard into a personal sanctuary.
Is building a fence for privacy a good idea?
Building a fence for privacy can be a great idea, depending on your specific needs and preferences. Privacy fences offer numerous benefits, such as creating a secluded outdoor space where you can relax, entertain, or engage in activities without feeling exposed to neighbors or passersby. They also enhance security, providing a physical barrier and helps keep pets and loved ones safely contained within your property. Additionally, privacy fences can add value to your home and improve curb appeal, making it an appealing option for potential buyers.
How much does it cost to build a privacy fence?
Building a privacy fence cost can vary based on several factors, including the fence’s material, height, length, and labor costs. On average, the cost of building a privacy fence can range from $15 to $30 per linear foot. For instance, a standard wood privacy fence typically costs around $20 to $30 per linear foot, while vinyl or composite privacy fences can range from $25 to $50 per linear foot. Additionally, factors like the terrain, site accessibility, and any extra features, such as gates or decorative elements, can influence the total cost.
For example, let’s consider a 100 linear feet privacy fence made of wood. If the average cost is around $25 per linear foot, the total cost would be approximately $2,500 (100 ft x $25/ft). However, if you opt for a more durable material like vinyl, which costs around $40 per linear foot, the same 100 linear feet fence would cost $4,000 (100 ft x $40/ft).
These figures exclude any additional expenses like permits, removal of existing fences, or landscaping adjustments. Keep in mind that the labor costs for fence installation can also vary depending on your location and the complexity of the project. It’s essential to obtain detailed quotes from reputable contractors to get a more accurate estimation for your specific privacy fence project.
Privacy fence ideas
You might be wondering what type of fence you should get to add privacy and beauty to your outdoor space. We’ve compiled a variety of privacy fence ideas to suit your preferences, whether you’re aiming for a classic look, a modern design, or a touch of greenery.
1. Board-on-board wood fence
A classic and popular choice for privacy, the board-on-board wood fence features overlapping vertical boards on both sides of the fence, creating a seamless look with no gaps between the boards. This design provides maximum privacy and a clean, attractive appearance.
2. Vinyl privacy fence with lattice top
Vinyl fences offer low maintenance and durability. Adding a lattice top to a vinyl privacy fence not only increases height and privacy but also adds an elegant touch. The lattice allows some sunlight and air to pass through while maintaining a sense of seclusion.
3. Bamboo privacy fence
For a natural and eco-friendly option, consider a bamboo privacy fence. Bamboo panels are sustainable, aesthetically pleasing, and provide an exotic touch to your outdoor space. They can be installed as standalone panels or attached to an existing fence structure.
4. Metal privacy screens
Metal privacy screens are a modern and stylish alternative to traditional fences. Available in various patterns and designs, metal screens can add a contemporary touch to your outdoor area while still providing privacy.
5. Living green privacy wall
Create a living privacy fence with lush greenery by using climbing plants or creating a green wall. Options like ivy, climbing roses, or tall shrubs can soften the appearance of your fence and add a natural, inviting ambiance to your yard.
How to build a privacy fence
1. Check local regulations
Before starting on your privacy fence project, it’s crucial to research and understand the local regulations, building codes, zoning ordinances, and any guidelines set forth by your homeowner association. These rules can vary significantly from one area to another and may dictate the maximum height, setback requirements, permitted materials, and other restrictions related to fence installation. Ignoring these regulations could lead to costly fines or having to tear down non-compliant fences. You can contact your local building department or visit their website to obtain the necessary information.
2. Determine the fence’s location and layout
Careful planning of the fence’s location and layout is essential to ensure you get the most out of your privacy fence. Start by marking the fence line using stakes and strings. Double-check the measurements to avoid any encroachment onto neighboring properties. Consider factors such as property lines, existing structures, trees, and landscaping that may influence the fence’s placement. Think about how the fence will affect the flow of your outdoor space, where the main entrances will be, and how it will provide the desired privacy. Taking time to plan the layout will save you from potential complications during the construction phase.
3. Gather the required materials and tools
Once you have the fence layout planned out, it’s time to gather all the necessary materials and tools. Start by choosing the right fence materials that align with your budget and aesthetic preferences. Popular privacy fence options include wood, vinyl, aluminum, and composite materials. Depending on your choice, purchase fence panels, posts, gate hardware, screws, and other required accessories.
Additionally, ensure you have the appropriate tools to complete the project efficiently and accurately. Common tools for building a privacy fence include a post hole digger, shovel, level, tape measure, saw, drill, and a hammer. Quality materials and proper tools will ensure a sturdy and long-lasting privacy fence that withstands the elements and provides the desired level of privacy.
4. Prepare the ground
Before commencing the actual fence installation, you must prepare the ground along the fence line. Clear the area of any vegetation, debris, or obstacles that could hinder the fence’s construction. If your area experiences heavy rain or has poor yard drainage, consider grading the ground to ensure proper water runoff. Once the area is clear, begin digging the post holes. The depth of the holes should be at least one-third of the length of the fence posts to provide stability.
Use a post hole digger or an auger to dig the holes uniformly, and ensure they are straight and level. Installing the fence on uneven ground can lead to an uneven appearance and structural issues, so take your time to achieve a level and solid foundation.
5. Install fence posts
After digging the post holes, it’s time to install the fence posts. Place the posts into the holes and fill the bottom with a few inches of gravel. The gravel helps with drainage and prevents water from pooling around the base of the posts, which can lead to rot over time. Use a level to ensure each post is plumb and straight before proceeding. Once the posts are correctly positioned, it’s time to set them in concrete.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing and pouring the concrete, making sure it reaches the desired strength. Allow the concrete to cure completely before moving on to the next steps. Properly installed and secured posts are the backbone of a sturdy privacy fence, providing stability and support for the entire structure.
6. Attach fence panels
With the fence posts set in concrete, it’s time to attach the fence panels to complete your privacy fence. Begin by aligning the first fence panel with the first two posts and attach it using screws or brackets. Ensure the panel is level and plumb before moving on to the next section. Repeat this process for each panel, ensuring uniform spacing between them for a consistent and professional appearance.
If you have chosen pre-built fence panels, it will make the installation process smoother. However, if you are using individual pickets, take extra care to align and attach them evenly. Additionally, if you have any gates in your fence design, make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions to install them securely and smoothly.
Remember to follow safety precautions while digging and working with heavy materials and tools. Double-check all measurements and levels throughout the process to ensure accuracy and alignment.
7. Add finishing touches
After the fence panels are securely attached, it’s time to add some finishing touches to enhance the overall appearance and functionality of your privacy fence. If you opted for wooden fencing, consider trimming the tops of the fence posts for a more polished and cohesive look. You can choose from various decorative post cap designs that complement your property’s style. Post caps not only add an aesthetic appeal but also protect the fence posts from moisture and potential rot.
Additionally, if your fence design includes a gate, install latches and handles that match the overall style of the fence. Ensure the gate operates smoothly and securely, and consider adding a self-closing mechanism for added convenience and safety.
8. Double-check stability
Before completing the fence installation, thoroughly inspect the entire fence for stability and structural integrity. Ensure that all fence panels are securely attached to the posts and that the posts are firmly set in the concrete footings. Wiggle the fence panels and gates to check for any loose connections. Use a level to ensure the fence panels are still straight and aligned correctly. Address any issues you find promptly to avoid future problems.
9. Test the privacy
After completing the fence installation, take the time to test the privacy it provides. Stand at various points around your property to assess if the fence effectively shields your outdoor space from eyes. Make any necessary adjustments, such as adding more privacy-enhancing elements like lattice panels or planters with climbing vines. Depending on your property’s layout and the surrounding environment, you may discover specific areas where additional privacy measures are needed.
10. Maintain your fence
To prolong the life and appearance of your privacy fence, regular maintenance is essential. Perform routine inspections to check for any loose screws, damaged panels, or signs of wear. Clean the fence periodically to remove dirt, debris, and mold growth, especially in damp environments. Depending on the fence material, you may need to apply protective coatings or treatments to shield it from the elements. Wooden fences may require staining or sealing every few years to prevent rot and decay.
The dos and don’ts to building privacy fences
To ensure a successful and satisfying project, it’s essential to consider both the dos and don’ts of fence construction.
Do’s for building a privacy fence
1. Do consult your neighbors
Before starting your privacy fence project, communicate with your neighbors about your plans. Inform them about the fence’s design, height, and location to avoid any potential disputes or surprises. While you might have the legal right to build the fence within your property boundaries, maintaining a good relationship with your neighbors fosters a sense of community and reduces the likelihood of conflicts arising in the future.
2. Do consider wind resistance
If you live in an area prone to strong winds or storms, consider the wind resistance of your privacy fence. Tall and solid fences can act as a wind barrier and create pressure on the fence panels and posts. To mitigate this, opt for fence designs that allow wind to pass through, such as lattice or picket fences. Alternatively, create small gaps between the panels or use fence materials with spaces, which reduces the wind load and minimizes the risk of damage during storms.
3. Do call utility companies before digging
Before digging the fence post holes, call your local utility companies to mark any buried utility lines on your property. Striking underground utilities can lead to dangerous situations and costly repairs. Utility companies usually offer this service for free, and marking the lines will ensure you avoid any accidental damage during the fence installation process.
Don’ts for building a pivacy fence
1. Don’t forget about gate access
When designing your privacy fence, don’t overlook the importance of gate access. Ensure your fence has appropriately sized gates to accommodate easy movement of people, equipment, and furniture in and out of your property. Consider installing a wider gate for vehicle access if required. Choose gate hardware, such as hinges and latches, that are durable and designed to support the weight of the gates to prevent sagging or misalignment.
2. Don’t ignore the quality of materials
While budget considerations are essential, don’t compromise on the quality of materials for your privacy fence. Choosing durable and weather-resistant materials will ensure your fence stands the test of time and requires less maintenance. Investing in high-quality materials upfront can save you money on frequent repairs and replacements in the long run.
3. Don’t disregard drainage considerations
When installing your fence, don’t overlook the importance of proper drainage. Improperly planned fences can impede water flow, leading to water pooling around the fence posts or panels. Over time, this can cause rot and weaken the fence’s foundation. To avoid this issue, ensure the ground slopes away from the fence or incorporate drainage solutions like French drains to divert water away from the fence line.
Last year I was closely involved with a hotel project on Crete which proved ultimately profitable even though the Greek economy tends to stifle profits. Located at a seaside fishing village turned favored tourist spot is where an entrepreneur named Dimitris Markakis spent sleepless nights to bring a stunning hospitality venture to life. SeaScape Luxury Residences are expanding this year because of a combination of impeccable design, efficient marketing and sales, and an age-old equation that involves geographical fate.
“In Tune” Development
Not so many years ago Agia Pelagia was a tiny fishing harbor where goats and sheep were as likely to be seen on the stunning beach as sunburned tourists are today. Once a majestic port for the Bronze Age Minoan civilization, today the town offers delectable Cretan cuisine straight in front of one of Crete’s most stunning swimming, snorkeling, and watersports spots. But when Dimitris Markakis described for me how the good fortune played a role in Crete development, I was reminded how timing is everything. As it turns out, property on the seaside in places like Agia Pelagia was once deemed worthless by the patriarchs of agrarian families.
When these properties were passed down, the favored sons and daughters were given farmlands, olive groves, and orchards – the youngest or those in disfavor, they got beachfront. Talk about a “twist” of fate. As luck so often has it, those less favored siblings mostly sold their property for pennies rather than drachmas. Smart entrepreneurs and those seeking lots by the seaside were the beneficiaries. Today, however, the problem for property developers and entrepreneurs is the economy, taxes, and plummeting prices, not to mention the dire need to build sustainably. With the touristic corporations bearing down on Crete, local entrepreneurs are under increased pressure to conform. SeaScape is a truly non-conformist idea when compared to the big seaside developments.
Bucking the trend to build, Markakis’ and his brothers’ not only had the challenge of creating a luxury self-catered vacation abode, they were also building a brand new development into an already crowded village geography. Agia Pelagia, like other Cretan seaside villages, is struggling to preserve its Cretan traditions and identity, so the SeaScape development came with myriad difficulties above and beyond potential profit and loss. Ultimately, the property designed by the gifted architect, Lefteris Tsikandilakis got built despite a couple of hundred logistical and bureaucratic hurdles.
Last year I interviewed Lefteris Tsikandilakis, the gifted architect who designed SeaScape Phase One to find out more about the overall vision of this amazing self-catering boutique resort. I got from the designer the developmental philisophy behind this new development:
“It is obvious that every residence is unique, but that wasn’t necessarily the principal design purpose. In this particular project, we had to deal with 2 challenging plots with sharp slopes, their integration in an already developed building, and the need for these plots to be configured in the best possible way. The sea view, the orientation and the scope for the internality of the plot, were principal elements that defined the spatial design.”
The Recipe
SeaScape Luxury Residences became a success in its first year of operation, despite all the hurdles, because of the cohesive efforts for design, efficiency, sensitivity to the local environment, marketing, sales, and creating the perfect guest experience. On the latter, Dimitris Markakis offered this:
”Seascape Luxury Residences” redefines the meaning of “Cretan hospitality” with the addition of 15 new residences with differentiated comfort and innovative design. Every guest here will experience luxury and truly relaxing vacations in the heart of the cosmopolitan village of “Agia Pelagia”. The additional residences feature a unique architectural design that combines simplicity with stylish luxury. The modern decoration aesthetics accentuate out themes of ultimate tranquility and relaxation that every guest needs and expects during summer vacations.”
SeaScape is a stunning property, in the perfect location, and the development actually adds to the aesthetic of Agia Pelagia, rather than detracting from it. This brings me to location, and how complex the job was for Markakis and his team. Choosing to put a hotel in the wide open spaces is one thing, but designing with a vision smack in the middle of a thriving small village is another. The developers of SeaScape had to take into consideration the streets, thoroughfares, zoning, touristic and service traffic, neighboring houses, stores, villas, and so forth. Knowing the value of being in Agia Pelagia may have been a given, but displaying everything in the town for a spell brought looks of concern from the community. I know Dimitris spent many sleepless nights worried over civic outrage over huge cement trucks and etc. I’m sure he wondered many times whether or not he’d selected the right location – ultimately he was proven right. The beautiful people lounging (as in the Instagram share below) at SeaScape last summer must have been a rewarding experience for the owner.
Building a brand new vacation residence is hard enough. No matter how compelling any development is on paper, the team that designs, builds, organizes, and promotes must work as harmoniously as possible with the same goals in mind. And once the luxury residences were up, the twin swimming pools filled, the chic pool bar stocked and pillows fluffed, then came the branding and the rush to bookings. I was on the site two weeks before the first guests were slated to arrive, and I can tell you SeaScape looked about half complete. Miraculously, the team opened on schedule and the world of the sales and marketing team came into play. I spoke briefly about SeaScape Phase One, and the new expansion with Giorgos Ergazakis, who’s the Director of Sales at Plarino – Hotel Management Services, the company that handles SeaScape sales strategy. Here’s what he had to say about SeaScape’s initial success:
“The SeaScape Luxury Residences case is interesting for several reasons. Given the end product and the clearly demonstrated vacationer value at the end, most sales execs would consider the property and easy sell. But SeaScape sits in the middle of the amazing competition. We are very prou ofd our marketing and pricing competitiveness helped make the property profitable in such a short time.”
Vision, location, a clear strategy, creating an effective team, and presenting the destination and the accommodation value to the public effectively, all this and more led to SeaScape’s initial successes. And now SeaScape Phase Two is slated to open in the Spring at Agia Pelagia.
Expanding On Success
SeaScape Phase One was built upon vacant lots alongside an existing apartment complex at Agia Pelagia. Markakis’ vision had always been to expand the new property to integrate with these existing apartments. Design wise, the trick is to shape the facades and the surrounding environment so that Phase One and Two are combined aesthetically and functionally. My texts from Lefteris Tsikandilakis’ offices speak of key materials usage to make this integration perfect, but the architect’s job is not only about congruent materials. Tsikandilakis will have to create the same sense of casual luxury in this second phase, that guest experienced and talked about from SeaScape Phase One. As the architect told me, SeaScape exists as a perfect balance of interiors and exteriors which create an overall sense.
The second part of the SeaScape story will be completed when more visitors to Agia Pelagia go home to express the special experience of place that many believe can only be achieved here on Crete. Marketing and sales for SeaScape Luxury Residences will be challenged to meet or exceed last year’s successes. The staff will certainly be expanded, guests will expect their luxury holiday, and if my guess is right, many more holiday seekers will become purist fans of one of the world’s most fabulous island getaways, in no small part due to the efforts of Dimitris Markakis, a smart Crete businessman bold enough to be different.
Phil Butler is a former engineer, contractor, and telecommunications professional who is editor of several influential online media outlets including part owner of Pamil Visions with wife Mihaela. Phil began his digital ramblings via several of the world’s most noted tech blogs, at the advent of blogging as a form of journalistic license. Phil is currently top interviewer, and journalist at Realty Biz News.
The already dizzying Los Angeles housing market is poised to reach new heights, as the latest data from Zillow suggest that the median home listed in the city will soon cost more than $1 million.
As of June 30, the figure was $975,333, more than a 30% increase from five years prior. Statewide, six other cities were even more expensive and had already crossed the million-dollar mark: San Jose, Santa Maria, Santa Cruz, Salinas and San Francisco.
In Santa Cruz and San Diego — the major markets with the largest increases — median listing prices were up more than 40% over the last five years. Inflation over the same period was 21%, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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“Even if it is an arbitrary number, it’s an astounding one,” Michael Lens, a professor of urban planning and public policy at UCLA, said of the million-dollar median.
“A signature way that generations have built wealth in this country is through the housing market,” he said, and the figure “puts in pretty sharp focus the barriers to entry in that housing market in building wealth and having a predictable and stable home over your head.”
The rising prices are not just a headache for those seeking to buy a home, either. “Rents and home prices are typically going to move in the same direction,” said Lens, noting that such prices are driven by same issues of “scarcity and high demand.”
“If it’s that lucrative to sell a home, you’re going to be less likely to rent out that home,” he said, “or you’re going to command a very high rent because your other opportunity is to sell something for a million dollars.”
For home buyers and renters alike, Lens said, the solution is the same: more housing.
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Although government programs exist to assist first-time home buyers, those programs are “not gonna help a nurse buy a million-dollar home,” he said.
In California, Zillow’s Home Value Index for June 2023 was $743,361, the second highest of any state. That was almost five times the estimated value of the median home in West Virginia, which had the lowest figure in the nation at $155,773.
The index “reflects the typical value for homes in the 35th to 65th percentile” in a given region, and is connected to but distinct from the actual price at which homes are listed.
By another measure — the median home listing price — California homes have increased by 36.3% to $777,000 in June, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. That up from $570,000 in June 2018.
The top 10 major metropolitan areas in America for median listing price in June were all in California, according to a Times analysis.
Only Hawaii, with a median home value of $837,324, had a figure higher than California’s.
Several Southern California cities are close behind L.A. and will likely soon see their median list prices top $1 million as well.
San Diego, Oxnard and San Luis Obispo are also over $900,000 and have each seen more than 30% growth in median home list price in the past five years.
Lens pinpointed several steps the state is taking to increase the housing stock, but said that it won’t be enough.
His proposed solutions included “getting rid of single-family zoning and upzoning those neighborhoods,” removing “onerous parking requirements” and scrapping rules on minimum setbacks and floor to area ratio.
Altogether, the state should fix “a lot of boring zoning things that together make the cost of building more housing more expensive or put blanket bans on certain housing types,” Lens said.
“We are not on a fast track to building the kind of housing necessary.”
The Jefferson Avenue commercial district in Buffalo, New York, is anchored by a supermarket.
There are dozens of other businesses and services along the 12-block corridor — a couple of bank branches, a library, a coffee shop, gas stations, a small plaza with a dollar store and a primary care clinic and a business incubator for entrepreneurs of color.
But Tops Friendly Markets, the only grocery store on Buffalo’s vast East Side, is the center of activity. More than just a place to buy food, pick up medications and use an ATM, the store is a communal gathering space in a predominantly Black neighborhood that, for generations, has been segregated, isolated and disenfranchised from the wealthier — and whiter — parts of the city.
Which explains how it came to be the site of a mass shooting on a spring day in May of last year. On that Saturday, a gunman, who lived 200 miles away in another part of the state, drove to Jefferson Avenue and went into Tops, and in just a few minutes killed 10 people, injured three and inflicted mass trauma across the community.
It is a scenario that has sadly, and repeatedly, played out in other parts of the country that have experienced mass shootings. But this one came with a twist: The gunman’s intention was to kill as many Black people as possible.
To achieve that, he specifically targeted a ZIP code with one of the highest percentages of Black residents in New York state. All 10 who died that day were Black.
“The mere fact that someone can research, ‘Where will the greatest number of Black people be … on a Saturday morning,’ that’s not by chance,” said Franchelle Parker, a community organizer and executive director of Open Buffalo, a nonprofit focused on racial, economic and ecological justice. “That’s not a mistake. It’s a community that’s been deeply segregated for decades.”
The day of the shooting, Parker, who grew up in nearby Niagara Falls, was driving to Tops, where she planned to buy a donut and an unsweetened iced tea before heading into the Open Buffalo office, which is located a block away from Tops. The mother of two had intended to complete the mundane task of cleaning up her desk — “old coffee cups and stuff” — after a busy week.
She saw the news on Twitter and didn’t know if she should keep driving to Jefferson Avenue or turn around and go back home. She eventually picked the latter.
When she showed up the next day, there were thousands of people grieving in the streets. “The only way that I could explain my feeling, it was almost like watching an old war movie when a bomb had gone off and someone’s in, like, shell shock. That’s how it felt,” said Parker, vividly recounting the community’s collective trauma in a meeting room tucked inside of Open Buffalo’s second-story office on Jefferson Avenue.
Almost immediately following the May 14, 2022, massacre, which was the second-deadliest mass shooting in the United States last year, conversations locally and nationally turned to the harsh realities of the East Side and how long-standing factors that affect the daily life of residents — racism, poverty and inequity — made the community an ideal target for a white supremacist.
Now, more than a year after the tragedy, there is growing concern that not enough is being done fast enough to begin to dismantle those factors. And amid those conversations, there are mounting calls for the banking industry — whose historical policies and practices helped cement the racial segregation and disinvestment that ultimately shaped the East Side — to leverage its collective power and influence to band together in an effort to create systemic change.
The ideas about how banks should support the East Side and better embed themselves in the neighborhood vary by people and organizations. But the basic argument is the same: Banks, in their role as financiers and because of the industry’s history of lending discrimination, are obligated to bring forth economic prosperity in disinvested communities like the East Side.
I know banks are often looked upon sort of like a panacea, but I don’t particularly see it that way. I think others have a role to play in all of this.
Chiwuike Owunwanne, corporate responsibility officer at KeyBank
“Banks have been very good at providing charitable contributions to the Black community. They get an ‘A’ for that,” said The Rev. George Nicholas, an East Side pastor who is also CEO of the Buffalo Center for Health Equity, a four-year-old enterprise focused on racial, geographic and economic health disparities. “But doing the things that banks can do in terms of being a catalyst for revitalization and investment in this community, they have not done that.”
To be sure, banks’ ability to reverse the course of the community isn’t guaranteed — and there is no formula to determine how much accountability they should hold to fix deeply entrenched problems like racism. Several Buffalo-area bankers said that while the Tops shooting heightened the urgency to help the East Side, the industry itself cannot be the sole driver of change.
“There are a lot of institutions … that can certainly play a part in reversing the challenges that we see today,” said Chiwuike “Chi-Chi” Owunwanne, a corporate responsibility officer at KeyBank, the second-largest bank by deposits in Buffalo. “I know banks are often looked upon sort of like a panacea, but I don’t particularly see it that way. I think others have a role to play in all of this.”
A long history of segregation
How the East Side — and the Tops store on Jefferson Avenue — became the destination for a racially motivated mass murderer is a story about racism, segregation and disinvestment.
Even as it bears the nickname “the city of good neighbors,” Buffalo has long been one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. Of the 114,965 residents who live on the East Side, 59% are Black, according to data from the 2021 U.S. Census American Community Survey. The percentage is even higher in the 14208 ZIP code, where the Tops store is located. In that ZIP code, among 11,029 total residents, nearly 76% are Black, the census data shows.
The city’s path toward racial segregation started in the early 20th century when a small number of job-seeking Black Americans migrated north to Buffalo, a former steel and auto manufacturing hub at the far northwestern end of New York state. Initially, they moved into the same neighborhoods as many of the city’s poorer immigrants and lived just east of what is today the city’s downtown district. As the number of Blacks arriving in Buffalo swelled in the 1940s, they were increasingly confronted with various housing challenges, including racist zoning laws and restrictive deed covenants that kept them from buying homes in more affluent white areas.
Black Buffalonians also faced housing discrimination in the form of redlining, the practice of restricting the flow of capital into minority communities. In 1933, as the Great Depression roiled the economy, a temporary federal agency known as the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation used government bonds to buy out and refinance mortgages of properties that were facing or already in foreclosure. The point was to try to stabilize the nation’s real estate market.
As part of its program, HOLC created maps of American cities, including Buffalo, that used a color coding scheme — green, blue, yellow and red — to convey the perceived riskiness of making loans in certain neighborhoods. Green was considered minimally risky; other areas that were largely populated by immigrant, Black or Latino residents were labeled red and thus determined to be “hazardous.”
“The goal was to free up mortgage capital by going to cities and giving banks a way to unload mortgages, so they could turn around and make more mortgage loans,” said Jason Richardson, senior director of research at the National Community Reinvestment Coalition, an association of more than 750 community-based organizations that advocates for fair lending. “It was kind of a radical concept and it has evolved over the decades into our modern mortgage finance system.”
The Federal Housing Administration, which was established as a permanent agency in 1934, used similar methods to map urban areas and labeled neighborhoods from “A” to “D,” with “A” considered to be the most financially stable and “D” considered the least. Neighborhoods that were largely Black, even relatively stable ones, were put in the “D” category.
The result was that banks, which wanted to be able to sell mortgage loans to the FHA, were largely dissuaded from making loans in “risky” areas. And Buffalo’s East Side, where the majority of Blacks were settling, was deemed risky. Unable to get loans, Blacks couldn’t buy homes, start businesses or build equity. At the same time, large industrial factories on the East Side were closing or moving away, limiting job opportunities and contributing to rising poverty levels.
“Today what we’re left with is the residue of this process where we’ve enshrined … a pattern of economic segregation that favors neighborhoods that had fewer Black people in them and generally ignores neighborhoods that had African Americans living in them,” Richardson said.
Case in point: Research by the National Community Reinvestment Coalition shows that three-quarters of neighborhoods that were once redlined are low- to moderate-income neighborhoods today, and two-thirds of them are majority minority communities.
Adding to the division between Blacks and whites in Buffalo was the construction of a highway called the Kensington Expressway. Built during the 1960s, the below-grade, limited-access highway proved to be a speedy way for suburban workers to get to their downtown jobs. But its construction cut off the already-segregated East Side even more from other parts of the city, displacing residents, devaluing houses and destroying neighborhoods and small businesses.
As a result of those factors and more, many Black residents have become “trapped” on the East Side, according to Dr. Henry Louis Taylor Jr., a professor of urban and regional planning at the University at Buffalo. In 1987, Taylor founded the UB Center for Urban Studies, a research, neighborhood planning and community development institute that works on eliminating inequality in cities and metropolitan regions. In September 2021, eight months before the Tops shooting, the Center for Urban Studies published a report that compared the state of Black Buffalo in 1990 to present-day conditions. The conclusion: Nothing had changed for Blacks over 31 years.
As of 2019, the Black unemployment rate was 11%, the average household income was $42,000 and about 35% of Blacks had incomes that fell below the poverty line, the report said. It also noted that just 32% of Blacks own their homes and that most Blacks in the area live on the East Side.
“Those figures remain virtually unchanged while the actual, physical conditions that existed inside of the community worsened,” Taylor told American Banker in an interview in his sun-filled office at the center, located on the University at Buffalo’s city campus. “When we looked upstream to see what was causing it, it was clear: It was systemic, structural racism.”
Banks’ moral obligations
As the East Side struggled over the decades with rampant poverty, dilapidated housing, vacant lots and disintegrating infrastructure, banks kept a physical presence in the community, albeit a shrinking one. In mid-2000, there were at least 20 bank branches scattered across the East Side, but by mid-2022, the number had fallen to around 14, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.’s deposit market share data. The 14 include four new branches that have opened since early 2019 — Northwest Bank, KeyBank, Evans Bank and BankOnBuffalo.
The first two branches, operated by Northwest in Columbus, Ohio, and KeyBank, the banking subsidiary of KeyCorp in Cleveland, were requirements of community benefits agreements negotiated between each bank and the National Community Reinvestment Coalition. In both cases, Northwest and KeyBank agreed to open an office in an underserved community.
Evans Bank opened its first East Side branch in the fall of 2021. The office is located in the basement of an $84 million affordable senior housing building that was financed by Evans, a $2.1 billion-asset community bank headquartered south of Buffalo in Angola, New York.
Banks have been very good at providing charitable contributions to the Black community. They get an ‘A’ for that. But doing the things that banks can do in terms of being a catalyst for revitalization and investment in this community, they have not done that.
The Rev. George Nicholas, an East Side pastor who is also CEO of the Buffalo Center for Health Equity
On the community and economic development front, banks have had varying levels of participation. Buffalo-based M&T Bank, which holds a whopping 64% of all deposits in the Buffalo market and is one of the largest private employers in the region, has made consistent investments in the East Side by supporting Westminster Community Charter School, a kindergarten through eighth-grade school, and the Buffalo Promise Neighborhood, a nonprofit organization focused on improving access to education in the city’s 14215 ZIP code.
Currently, Buffalo Promise Neighborhood operates four schools. In addition to Westminster, it runs Highgate Heights Elementary, also K-8, as well as two academies that serve children ages six weeks through pre-kindergarten. Twelve M&T employees are dedicated to the program, according to the Buffalo Promise Neighborhood website. The bank has invested $31.5 million into the program since its 2010 launch, a spokesperson said.
Other banks are making contributions in other ways. In addition to the Jefferson Avenue branch and as part of its community benefits plan, Northwest Bank, a $14.2 billion-asset bank, supports a financial education center through a partnership with Belmont Housing Resources of Western New York. Meanwhile, the $198 billion-asset KeyBank gave $30 million for bridge and construction financing for Northland Workforce Training Center, a $100 million redevelopment project at a former manufacturing complex on the East Side that was partially funded by the state.
BankOnBuffalo’s East Side branch is located inside the center, which offers KeyBank training in advanced manufacturing and clean energy technology careers. A subsidiary of $5.6 billion-asset CNB Financial in Clearfield, Pennsylvania, BankOnBuffalo’s office opened a month after the shooting. The timing was coincidental, but important, said Michael Noah, president of BankOnBuffalo.
“I think it just cemented the point that this is a place we need to be, to be able to be part of these communities and this community specifically, and be able to build this community up,” Noah said.
In terms of public-private collaboration, some banks have been involved in a deeper way. In 2019, New York state, which had already been pouring $1 billion into Buffalo to help revitalize the economy, announced a $65 million economic development fund for the East Side. The initiative is focused on stabilizing neighborhoods, increasing homeownership, redeveloping commercial corridors including Jefferson Avenue, improving historical assets, expanding workforce training and development and supporting small businesses and entrepreneurship.
In conjunction with the funding, a public-private partnership called East Side Avenues was created to provide capital and organizational support to the projects happening along four East Side commercial corridors. Six banks — Charlotte, North Carolina-based Bank of America, the second-largest bank in the nation with $2.5 trillion of assets; M&T, which has $203 billion of assets; KeyBank; Warsaw, New York-based Five Star Bank, which has about $6 billion of assets; Northwest and Evans — are among the 14 private and philanthropic organizations that pledged a combined $8.4 million to pay for five years’ worth of operational support, governance and finance, fundraising and technical assistance to support the nonprofits doing the work.
Laura Quebral, director of the University at Buffalo Regional Institute, which is managing East Side Avenues, said the banks were the first corporations to step up to the request for help, and since then have provided loans and other products and education to keep the program moving.
Their participation “is a signal to the community that banks cared and were invested and were willing to collaborate around something,” Quebral said. “Being at the table was so meaningful.”
Richard Hamister is Northwest’s New York regional president and former co-chair of East Side Avenues. Hamister, who is based in Buffalo, said banks are a “community asset” that have a responsibility to lift up all communities, including those where conditions have arisen that allow it to be a target of racism like the East Side.
“We operate under federal charters, so we have an obligation to the community to not only provide products and services they need but also support when you go through a tragedy like that,” Hamister said. “We also have a moral obligation to try to help when things are broken … and to do what we can. We can’t fix everything, but we’ve got to fix our piece and try to help where we can.”
In the wake of a tragedy
After the massacre, there was a flurry of activity within banks and other organizations, local and out-of-town, to respond to the immediate needs of East Side residents. With the community’s only supermarket closed indefinitely, much of the response centered around food collection and distribution. Three of M&T’s five East Side branches, including the Jefferson Avenue branch across the street from Tops, became food distribution sites for weeks after the shooting. On two consecutive Fridays, Northwest provided around 200 free lunches to the community, using a neighborhood caterer who is also the bank’s customer. And BankOnBuffalo collected employee donations that amounted to more than 20 boxes of toiletries and other items that were distributed to a nonprofit.
At the same time, M&T, KeyBank and other banks began financial donations to organizations that could support the immediate needs of the community. KeyBank provided a van that delivered food and took people to nearby grocery stores. Providence, Rhode Island-based Citizens Financial Group, whose ATM inside Tops was inaccessible during the store’s temporary closure, installed a fee-free ATM near a community center located about a half-mile north of Tops, and later put a permanent ATM inside the center that remains there today. And M&T rolled out a short-term loan program to provide capital to East Side small-business owners.
One of the funds that benefited from banks’ support was the Buffalo Together Community Response Fund, which has raised $6.2 million to address the long-term needs of the East Side.
Bank of America and Evans Bank each donated $100,000 to the fund, whose list of major sponsors includes four other banks — JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, M&T and KeyBank. Thomas Beauford Jr., a former banker who is co-chair of the response fund, said banks, by and large, directed their resources into organizations where the dollars would have an immediate impact.
“Banks said, ‘Hey, you know … it doesn’t make sense for us to try to build something right now. … We will fund you in the work you’re doing,'” said Beauford, who has been president and CEO of the Buffalo Urban League since the fall of 2020. “I would say banks showed up in a big way.”
Fourteen months later, banks say they are committed to playing a positive role on the East Side. For the second year, KeyBank is sponsoring a farmers’ market on the East Side, an attempt to help fill the food desert in the community. Last fall, BankOnBuffalo launched a mobile “bank on wheels” truck that’s stationed on the East Side every Wednesday. The 34-foot-long truck, which is staffed by two people and includes an ATM and a printer to make debit cards, was in the works before the shooting, and will eventually make four stops per week around the Buffalo area.
Evans has partnered with the city of Buffalo to construct seven market-rate single family homes on vacant lots on the East Side. The relationship with the city is an example of how banks can pair up with other entities to create something meaningful and lasting, more than they might be able to do on their own, said Evans President and CEO David Nasca.
The bank has “picked areas” where it can use its resources to make a difference, Nasca said.
“I don’t think the root causes can be ameliorated” by banks alone, he said. “We can’t just grant money. It has to be within our construct of a financial institution that invests and supports the public-private partnership. … All the oars [need to be] pulling together or this doesn’t work.”
‘Little or no engagement with minorities’
All of these efforts are, of course, welcomed by the community, but there is still criticism that banks haven’t done enough to make up for their past contributions to segregating the city. And perhaps more importantly, some of that criticism centers on banks failing to do their most basic function in society — provide credit.
In 2021, the New York State Department of Financial Services issued a report about redlining in Buffalo. The regulator looked at banks and nonbank lenders and found that loans made to minorities in the Buffalo metro area made up 9.74% of total loans in Buffalo. Overall, Black residents comprise about 33% of Buffalo’s total population of more than 276,000, census data shows.
The department said its investigation showed the lower percentage was not due to “excessive denials of loan applications based on race or ethnicity,” but rather that “these companies had little or no engagement with minorities and generally made scant effort to do so.”
“The unsurprising result of this has been that few minority customers or individuals seeking homes in majority-minority neighborhoods have made loan applications … in the first instance.”
Furthermore, accusations of redlining persist today, even though the practice of discriminating in housing based on race was outlawed by the Fair Housing Act of 1968.
In 2014, Evans was accused of redlining by the New York State Attorney General, which said the community bank was specifically avoiding making mortgage loans on the East Side. The bank, which at the time had $874 million of assets, agreed to pay $825,000 to settle the case, but Nasca maintains that the charges were unfounded. He points to the fact that the bank never had a fair lending or fair housing violation, no specific incidents were ever claimed and that the bank’s Community Reinvestment Act exam never found evidence of discriminatory or illegal credit practices.
The bank has a greater presence on the East Side today, but that’s because it has grown in size, not because it is trying to make up for previous accusations of redlining, he said.
“Ten years ago, our involvement [on the East Side] certainly wasn’t what you’re seeing today,” Nasca said. “We were looking to participate more, but we were participating within our means and our reach. As we have grown, we have built more resources to be able to do more.”
Shortly after accusations were made against Evans, Five Star Bank, the banking arm of Financial Institutions in Warsaw, New York, was also accused of redlining by the state Attorney General. Five Star, which has been growing its presence in the Buffalo market for several years, wound up settling the charges for $900,000 and agreeing to open two branches in the city of Rochester.
KeyBank is currently being accused of redlining by the National Community Reinvestment Coalition. In a 2022 report, the group said that KeyBank is engaging in systemic redlining by making very few home purchase loans in certain neighborhoods where the majority of residents are Black. Buffalo is one of several cities where the bank’s mortgage lending “effectively wall[ed] out Black neighborhoods,” especially parts of the East Side, the report said.
KeyBank denied the allegations. In March, the coalition asked regulators to investigate the bank’s mortgage lending practices.
Beyond providing more credit, some community members believe that banks should be playing a larger role in addressing other needs on the East Side. And the list of needs runs the gamut from more grocery stores to safe, affordable housing to infrastructure improvements such as street and sidewalk repairs.
Alexander Wright is founder of the African Heritage Food Co-op, an initiative launched in 2016 to address the dearth of grocery store options on the East Side, where he grew up. Wright said that while banks’ philanthropic efforts are important, banks in general “need to be in a place of remediation” to fix underlying issues that the industry, as a whole, helped create. (After publication of this story, Wright left his job as CEO of the African Heritage Food Co-Op.)
Aside from charitable donations, banks should be finding more ways to work directly with East Side business owners and entrepreneurs, helping them with capital-building support along the way, Wright said. One place to start would be technical assistance by way of bank volunteers.
“Banks are always looking to volunteer. ‘Hey, want to come out and paint a fence? Want to come out and do a garden?'” Wright said. “No. Come out here and help Keshia with bookkeeping. Come out here and do QuickBooks classes for folks. Bring out tax experts. Because these are things that befuddle a lot of small businesses. Who is your marketing person? Bring that person out here. Because those are the things that are going to build the business to self-sufficiency.
“Anything short of the capacity-building … that will allow folks to rise to the occasion and be self-sufficient I think is almost a waste,” Wright added. “We don’t need them to lead the plan. What we need them to do is be in the community and [be] hearing the plan and supporting it.”
Parker, of Open Buffalo, has similar thoughts about the role that banks should play. One day, soon after the massacre, an ATM appeared down the street from Tops, next to the library that sits across the street from Parker’s office. Soon after the ATM was installed, Parker began fielding questions from area residents who were skeptical of the machine and wanted to know if it was legitimate. But Parker didn’t have any information to share with them. “There was no outreach. There was no community engagement. So I’m like, ‘Let me investigate,'” she said. “I think that’s a symptom of how investment is done in Black communities, even though it may be well-intentioned.”
As it turns out, the temporary ATM belonged to JPMorgan Chase. The megabank has had a commercial banking presence in Buffalo for years, but it didn’t operate a retail branch in the region until last year. Today it has four branches in operation and plans to open another two by the end of the year, a spokesperson said.
After the Tops shooting, the governor’s office reached out to Chase asking if the bank could help in some way, the spokesperson said in response to the skepticism. The spokesperson said that while the Chase retail brand is new to the Buffalo region, the company has been active in the market for decades by way of commercial banking, private banking, credit card lending, home lending and other businesses.
In addition to the ATM, the bank provided funding to local organizations including FeedMore Western New York, which distributes food throughout the region.
“We are committed to continuing our support for Buffalo and helping the community increase access to opportunities that build wealth and economic empowerment,” the spokesperson said in an email.
In the year since the massacre, there has been some progress by banks in terms of their interest in listening to the East Side community and learning about its needs, said Nicholas. But he hasn’t felt an air of urgency from the banking community to tackle the issues right now.
“I do experience banks being a little more open to figuring out what their role is, but it’s slow. It’s slow,” said Nicholas. The senior pastor of the Lincoln Memorial United Methodist Church, located about a mile north from Tops, Nicholas is part of a 13-member local advisory committee for the New York arm of Local Initiatives Support Coalition, or LISC. The group is focused on mobilizing resources, including banks, to address affordable housing in Western New York, specifically in the inner city, as well as training minority developers and connecting them to potential investors, Nicholas said.
Of the 13 members, seven are from banks — one each from M&T, Bank of America, BankOnBuffalo, Evans and KeyBank, and two members from Citizens Financial Group. One of the priorities of LISC NY is health equity, and the fact that banks are becoming more engaged in looking at health disparities is promising, Nicholas said. Still, they have more work to do, he said.
“I need them to think more on how to strengthen and build the economy on the East Side and provide leadership around that, not only to provide charitable things, but using sound business and banking and community development principles to say, ‘OK, if we’re going to invest in this community, these are the types of things that need to happen in this community,’ and then encourage their partners and other people they work with … to come fully in on the East Side.”
Some bankers agree with the community activists.
“Putting a branch in is great. Having a bank on wheels is great,” said Noah of BankOnBuffalo. “But if you’re not embedded in the community, listening to the community and trying to improve it, you’re not creating that wealth and creating a better lifestyle for everyone.”
What could make a substantial difference in terms of banks’ impact on the community is a combination of collaboration and leadership, said Taylor. He supports the idea of banks leading the charge on the creation of a comprehensive redevelopment and reinvestment plan for the East Side, and then investing accordingly and collaboratively through their charitable foundations.
“All of them have these foundations,” Taylor said. “You can either spend that money in a strategic and intentional way designed to develop a community for the existing population, or you can spend that money alone in piecemeal, siloed, sectorial fashion that will look good on an annual report, but won’t generate transformational and generational changes inside a community.”
Banks might be incentivized to work together because it could mean two things for them, according to Taylor: First, they’d have an opportunity to spend money in a way that would have maximum impact on the East Side, and second, if done right, the city and the banks could become a model of the way to create high levels of diversity, equity and inclusion in an urban area.
“If you prove how to do that, all that does is open up other markets of consumption all over the country because people want to figure out how to do that same thing,” Taylor said.
Some of that is already happening, at least on a bank-by-bank case, said KeyBank’s Owunwanne. Through the KeyBank Foundation, the company is able to leverage different relationships that connect nonprofits to other entities and corporations that can provide help.
“I see this as an opportunity for us to make not just incremental changes, but monumental changes … as part of a larger group,” Owunwanne said “Again, I say that not to absolve the bank of any responsibility, but just as a larger group.”
Downstairs from Parker’s office, Golden Cup Coffee, a roastery and cafe run by a husband and wife team, and some other Jefferson Avenue businesses are trying to build up a business association for existing and potential Jefferson-area businesses. Parker imagined what the group could accomplish if one of the banks could provide someone on a part-time basis to facilitate conversations, provide administrative support and coordinate marketing efforts.
“In the grand scheme of things, when we’re talking about a multimillion dollar [bank], a part-time employee specifically dedicated to relationship-building and building out coalitions, it sounds like a small thing,” Parker said. “But that’s transformational.”
The
state of California is suing the city of Huntington Beach for not
building enough affordable homes for its residents. However,
Huntington Beach has since filed a counter lawsuit against the state,
saying that California’s housing laws are “unconstitutional.”
California
governor Gavin Newsom said the state brought the case against
Huntington Beach because its harmed the ability of local families to
find affordable housing, and instead driven up housing costs for the
city’s residents. The governor added that he has tried to work with
city authorities to help it comply with state housing laws, but says
officials have “willfully refused” to do so.
Now,
Newsom wants to force the city to build more affordable housing units
for lower income families.
The case is the first time that California has taken legal action against one of its own cities, HousingWire reported.
Under
Californian law, cities and counties are required to adopt housing
plans that meet local needs, which are partly dictated by their local
economies. There needs to be a “fair share” of affordable housing
and cities must also provide zoning that encourages such development.
But
Huntington Beach says that California’s constitution gives it
exclusive authority to determine its zoning laws and how the land is
used.
“It’s one thing to have more basic housing laws come out of Sacramento; it’s another to have Sacramento try to micromanage cities’ zoning and attempt to approve development projects in spite of the city,” Michael Gates, city attorney for Huntington Beach, told SFgate.com. “It’s really nothing more than the city trying to maintain its local control.”
The
California
Department of Housing and Community Development, which
is the body that monitors cities’ compliance of housing laws, said
that Huntington Beach had altered its housing plan to reduce the
number of affordable homes that are built in the city. California
intervened in order to get Huntington Beach to comply, but the city’s
council voted against a recent proposal to build more affordable
homes.
“The
state doesn’t take this action lightly,” Newsom said.
“The huge housing costs and sky-high rents are eroding quality of
life for families across the state. California’s housing crisis is
an existential threat to our state’s future and demands an urgent
and comprehensive response.”
Mike Wheatley is the senior editor at Realty Biz News. Got a real estate related news article you wish to share, contact Mike at [email protected].
In this week’s series of initial announcements, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) announced “an $85 million first-of-its-kind competitive [Pathways to Removing Obstacles to Housing (PRO Housing)] funding opportunity for jurisdictions and new guidance for providers of affordable housing will help communities address local housing challenges,” the department said.
The White House detailed more of the intention behind PRO Housing, saying that it “will provide communities with funding to identify and remove barriers to affordable housing production and preservation.” HUD will award grants of up to $10 million to jurisdictions that have an “acute demand for affordable housing and are working to identify, address, or remove barriers to housing production and preservation.”
Also a part of this broader initiative is an announcement earlier this month by the U.S. Department of Transportation, aimed more squarely at existing zoning law.
“[USDOT’s] Reconnecting Communities and Neighborhoods (RCN) program will provide up to $3.16 billion for planning and capital construction projects that prioritize disadvantaged communities and improve access to daily destinations,” the White House explained. “This includes improving connections to affordable housing, fostering equitable development, and increasing housing supply through zoning reform.”
The White House also announced a new initiative from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a $27 billion Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) “which will mobilize private capital and provide financing for thousands of clean energy projects, including cost-saving retrofits of existing homes and buildings, construction of zero emissions buildings, and commercial to residential conversions, among others,” the White House said.
Other recent initiatives cited by the administration include the publication of guidance from HUD designed to offer greater flexibility for lenders when underwriting multifamily transactions up to $120 million; additional streamlining of requirements for accessory dwelling units (ADUs) first announced in April; and employ federal funding to facilitate more commercial-to-residential conversions.
“The White House will lead a new interagency working group to develop and advance federal funding opportunities that support the conversion of commercial properties to housing, and leverage climate-focused federal resources to create zero emissions and affordable units,” the administration said.
The White House also reiterated the availability of new research funding designed to analyze office-to-residential conversions.
Lawmakers in Oregon are on the verge of signing into law new legislation that would impose statewide rent controls on landlords in the state.
The proposed bill is reportedly quite controversial, with numerous bodies coming out in opposition to it, including the National Multifamily Housing Council and the National Association of Realtors. They fear that rent controls could have a negative impact on housing markets, especially if other states follow suit.
“[The bill] will worsen the imbalance between housing supply and demand by allowing for rent control across the state,” Doug Bibby, president of the National Multifamily Housing Council, told USA Today. “While the intent of rent control laws is to assist lower-income populations, history has shown that rent control exacerbates shortages, makes it harder for apartment owners to make upgrades, and disproportionately benefits higher-income households.”
As for the NAR, it has become a vocal opponent of the legislation. It argues that the new law would infringe on private property rights, and says a better way to protect the rental market is through local and state zoning laws.
“NAR encourages states and municipalities to adopt zoning laws and building codes, or other legislation that encourage the construction of rental dwellings,” it said in a statement.
But the bill has plenty of supporters too, including Oregon Governor Kate Brown, who has vowed to sign the new rules into law. The bill passed Oregon’s senate last week, and will cap annual rent increases at 7 percent. The idea is to allow landlords to raise rents somewhat, while preventing them from price gouging, USA Today reported.
Supporters say that rent control is essential to address a lack of affordable housing in the state.
“With this historic vote, Oregon lawmakers have recognized that basic protections for renters are essential as the state and local communities work to increase the supply of housing for people with moderate and low incomes,” Patty Wentz of Stable Homes for Oregon Families told USA Today.
Oregon isn’t the first state to consider such measures, although the rules would differ across states. For example in New York, officials there say they’re considering extending New York City-style rent control measures to upstate residents. Meanwhile in California, although there is no statewide mandate, lawmakers do enforce limitations on local governments that want to enact rent control laws. Illinois is also considering repealing laws that currently prohibit rent control.
Mike Wheatley is the senior editor at Realty Biz News. Got a real estate related news article you wish to share, contact Mike at [email protected].
The American dream of homeownership is getting further out of reach for many Hoosiers.
As pandemic-era supply shortages began to return to normal, home prices fell, giving prospective homebuyers hope they could find something affordable. But those hopes were dashed for some who found they could not pay the high mortgage rates, which are currently more than double pandemic lows.
According to Paul Schwinghammer, former president of the Indiana Builders Association, markets will bounce back eventually. But when prices return to “normal,” many will still be unable to afford the investment that sustained previous generations.
“The days of a brand new home at $200,000 are probably very much in our rearview mirror,” Schwinghammer said.
As potential homeowners are pushed into becoming renters due to high mortgage rates, Schwinghammer said the thriving rental market is not the silver bullet to the housing market some think it is.
“That’s not the American dream,” he said.
Homeownership is increasingly expensive
Housing has become more expensive overall in the past several decades.
In 1950, Hoosiers made less — the median household income was $2,827, or about $30,000 in today’s dollars — now the median household income is $61,944. But housing prices have zoomed past that growth.
In 1950, the inflation-adjusted cost of the median home value was around $70,000. Today, the median listing price is $218,000, according to the state housing dashboard. In other words, the cost of housing has tripled, clearly outpacing wage growth in Indiana.
The cause of this gap is hotly debated. Some argue it is due to a decreased supply of housing — in Indiana, 16.8% of existing housing was built prior to 1940, and the percentage of homes built in the 2010s makes up the smallest slice of the housing pie at just 5.3%.
Experts point to the 2008 housing crash as a major factor in the building slowdown. After the crash, the membership of the Indiana Builders Association fell from 7,200 to 3,000, and the industry has been cautious ever since.
While building picked up pace in response to pandemic-driven demand, Indiana still has a 1.04% shortage of housing stock according to FreddieMac — the largest of all surrounding states.
Density, zoning and community opposition
At the most basic level, a housing unit cannot be cheaper than the raw cost to build it. During the pandemic, supply and demand saw timber, copper and other building materials spike in price, which was exacerbated by high labor costs. Schwinghammer argues this raw cost can be further increased by municipal regulations surrounding lot size, materials and aesthetics.
“That’s all well and good, except you’re ruling out homebuyers,” Schwinghammer said.
For affordability advocates, a relatively simple solution is increasing the amount of homes that can be built in an area by reducing lot size. This allows more homes to be built, increasing supply, all at a lower cost to builders, which are hopefully passed onto consumers.
But in practice, housing density is fiercely contested. Examples of density can range from apartment complexes to duplexes, which can be impossible if an area is zoned for single-family use. Other times, things like parking space requirements can thwart density attempts.
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But overwhelmingly, the biggest opposition to denser housing can come from neighbors and community members, whether it’s an apartment complex in Broad Ripple or a controversial zoning change to allow for multifamily housing in certain Bloomington neighborhoods. In fact, a survey of New York developers found that the majority of opposition to developments came from residents.
Ultimately, Indiana joins most of the country in having high rates of single-family detached housing, with the housing type making up 73.1% of all housing in Indiana, according to the state housing dashboard.
A shortage of affordable housing
While housing supply remains low in general, low-income Hoosiers are facing an even bigger gap when it comes to affordable housing supply. According to a Prosperity Indiana report, the state is 120,796 homes short of affordable and available rental homes, which means there are only 39 affordable units available for every 100 low-income renter households. The numbers show Indiana is performing worse than the regional average.
“Indiana is increasingly out of step with its Midwest peers when it comes to affordability and stability,” Andrew Bradley, policy director at Prosperity Indiana, said.
One method of helping low-income renters is Section 8 housing, a federal program that allows income-qualifying individuals to pay subsidized rents. But the program often fails to meet the demand — in Indiana, people are often on waitlists for three to five years before they can get housing, and sometimes the waitlists themselves are closed. There are currently seven waitlists open on the Indiana Housing and Community Development Authority website, spanning only about a third of counties.
With state and federal assistance so hard to find, some municipalities have attempted to fill the gap in affordable housing through local regulations.
In Bloomington, where housing is the most expensive in the state, local officials attempted to implement inclusionary zoning in 2017. Inclusionary zoning is a type of policy that requires developers to include a certain percentage of affordable units in their projects instead of trying to individually negotiate more affordable units through incentives.
That same year, the Indiana General Assembly banned municipalities from doing so, putting a direct halt to the city’s plans. Today, Indiana preempts municipalities from enacting four different types of equitable housing policies. In addition to inclusionary zoning, these include short term rentals, source of income nondiscrimination policies and rent regulation. Indiana is the only state in the country to prohibit all four policies.
Bradley said Indiana’s Housing Task Force is focusing too much on building new homes instead of sharing a focus on strengthening protections for tenants and improving current housing stock. He said this is partly due to a lack of representation of everyday Hoosiers on the task force.
He referenced Senate Bill 202, bipartisan legislation focused on tenant protections that was later stripped down to a study bill, as an example of the priorities of the legislature. The bill did not end up passing the House, and was not selected as a summer study topic.
“Suppliers of new housing have dominated the conversation at the Statehouse,” Bradley said.
Homebuyers suffer from high rates
Although commodity prices have decreased 10% across the board, Schwinghammer said, homebuyers are not seeing true relief due to high mortgage rates, which currently hover around 7%. Although mortgage rates have spiked as high as 16% in previous decades, the current rate is higher than pre-pandemic rates of around 4% and pandemic lows of 3%.
Part of this is due to the Federal Reserve’s sharp hikes in interest rates in order to combat inflation.
Ultimately, Schwinghammer said it would take 33% of the average person’s wage to begin homeownership — resulting in the highest debt to income ratio since 2007. Housing is effectively the least affordable it’s been in nearly two decades, he said.
As potential homebuyers are shut out of the market, builders have turned to the build-for-rent phenomenon sweeping the country in order to keep busy. BFR involves communities of single family rental homes that people can live in without making a purchase, allowing people to avoid interest rates.
Schwinghammer said BFR, which once took up 3% of the market, is now 15%.
As people struggle to afford new homes, pre-existing — and often cheaper — homes are selling less because homeowners don’t want to trade in their lower rates for the current 7% interest rate.
But the market is cyclical by nature, Schwinghammer said, and interest rates will likely be declining in a year.
“The natural ebbs and flows of the market will allow that to happen,” he said.