With some recent upward pressure on mortgage rates, a lot of folks are beginning to wonder if home prices are going down? And if this is the end of the housing boom.
The thought is further compounded and perhaps supported by the fact that the housing market has been absolutely bonkers lately.
After all, property values are up something like 20% over the past 12 months, and easily at all-time highs.
Surely there has to be a respite following such impressive growth, especially if financing is now more expensive too. Right?
Unfortunately, for you prospective home buyers out there, this might be little more than wishful thinking.
The Fundamentals That Made the Housing Market Red Hot Are Still at Play
Home prices were up 18.1% in August 2021 compared with August 2020, per CoreLogic
There are still not enough homes for sale and far too many buyers
This has created an enduring seller’s market that is expected to persist through at least 2022
But home prices are only forecast to rise 2.2% from August 2021 to August 2022
Typically, you need a catalyst for a trend to reverse course. With regard to home prices, this might be a big increase in mortgage rates, a growing housing stock, or some other negative event.
In the prior housing downturn around 2008, the issue was massive oversupply. Home builders simply constructed way too many homes.
Many of these communities were built on the outskirts of metropolitan areas where nobody really wanted to live.
And while that was happening, lots of homeowners took out unsustainable mortgages that they eventually defaulted on.
Home prices didn’t just magically fall one day because they had gone up too much. There were clear drivers that preceded the decline.
You can argue that higher mortgage rates could be a catalyst, but that alone probably isn’t enough, especially when you consider how cheap they still are.
The monthly payment on a $350,000 loan amount rises from $1,429 (at 2.75%) to $1,523 (at 3.25%) on a 30-year fixed. That’s not a huge difference considering the dollar isn’t what it used to be.
Sure, interest rates can go even higher than that, but I don’t know how much that dampens the rally.
Ultimately, there hasn’t been a clear, inverse correlation between mortgage rates and home prices. That is to say that if one goes up, the other goes down.
There have actually been times when both have risen in tandem, or both have fallen together.
This is possible if the economy is improving, which pushes interest rates up to stem inflation, while also boosting wages and generating a larger number of higher-paid home buyers.
Home Price Gains May Moderate, Especially During Fall and Winter
It’s important to point out the distinction between falling home prices and decelerating home price gains.
They are two very different things. For example, home prices probably won’t go up 20% in 2022.
However, they may still rise another 5-10% from 2021 levels. This means home prices are still going up, just not as much as they once were.
One also has to consider the time of year – it’s pretty common for the housing market to slow down during the colder months in fall and winter.
Simply put, fewer people are looking to purchase homes during these months, and most homeowners aren’t looking to sell either.
It probably tips more toward a buyer’s market during these months, so you might see some negative headlines regarding the housing market.
If mortgage rates also rise during this time, you could see some outright fearmongering about the housing market.
But then spring hits, the housing market gets back into gear, and all of a sudden you’ve got bidding wars again.
There could even be more pressure to buy a home next year before the low mortgage rates are really gone forever.
Where Have Home Prices Risen the Most Lately?
When attempting to spot a correction, you might look at where home prices have risen the most. While it isn’t necessarily sound logic, it’s something to consider nonetheless.
Leading the pack was Phoenix, which experienced an insane 30.9% increase in home prices from August 2020 to August 2021, per the CoreLogic HPI.
The next biggest gainer was San Diego, CA with a 23.2% gain, followed by Las Vegas with a 22.2% jump.
Rounding out the top five were Denver (+19.5%) and Los Angeles (+14.9%). But similar to the stock market, the rich often get richer.
Just look at a Tesla or Apple or Amazon stock, which just keep going up and up while the laggards, well, lag.
These cities might just even more expensive until eventually hitting a wall at some point.
As an example, San Diego home prices are expected to increase an additional seven percent over the next 12 months.
What Housing Markets Are Most at Risk of Falling Home Prices?
Again, similar to the stock market, the big brands seem to weather storms better than the mid-market players.
So even during a crisis, they’ve got a buffer that keeps them somewhat insulated. As such, the top five metros most at risk of a home price decline aren’t on CoreLogic’s top gainers list.
They include Springfield, MA, Chico and Merced, CA, Norwich-New London, CT, and Worcester, MA-CT.
The CoreLogic Market Risk Indicator (MRI) provides a monthly update of the overall health of housing markets across the nation.
It currently predicts the metros of Springfield, Massachusetts, Chico, California, and Merced, California to be at a high risk (50-70% probability) of a home price decline over the next 12 months.
Meanwhile, Norwich-New London, Connecticut and Worcester, Massachusetts are at a moderate risk (25-50% probability) of a price decline during that time.
Ultimately, there isn’t strong evidence of widespread home price declines at the moment, only moderating home price gains in most parts of the country.
Keep an Eye on Housing Supply and Mortgage Quality
If you want to determine when the next housing market crash will take place, it might be wiser to keep an eye on housing supply, along with mortgage quality.
For me, these two things can have the greatest impact on the direction of the housing market.
The supply/demand thing is pretty basic. When you have too much of something, prices generally need to go down.
We’ve had too little of something for a while now, which explains why home prices have surged in the past decade. When that changes, expect home prices to drop.
The other piece is mortgage loan quality. Today’s home loans are pretty darn boring. Just about everyone has a 30-year fixed or 15-year fixed mortgage.
They’ve also got ridiculously low mortgage rates on these super boring loans. And they were underwritten using real income, asset, and employment documentation.
If and when that changes, I’ll start getting nervous. But so far, the credit box remains pretty tight.
Even if it were to loosen, the competitive housing market makes it difficult for the lesser-qualified borrowers to win a bidding war.
This has created a rather pristine batch of mortgages, unlike the ones we saw in 2006, a year or two before the wheels came off.
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We are going to under the cover and discover $12 an hour is how much per year.
For most Americans, this is hovering near minimum wage.
Let’s get this straight… This is not a livable wage.
If you are in high school or college and have support from your parents, then this is great spending money for you.
However, if you are making it on your own, $12 per hour will not make ends meet each month.
For most people, being at minimum wage is common and the goal is to make your way up the payscale and quickly!
In this post, we’re going to detail exactly what $12 an hour is how much a year. Also, we are going to break it down to know how much is made per month, bi-weekly, per week, and daily.
That will help you immensely with how you spend your money. Because too many times the hard-earned cash is brought home, but there is no actual plan for how to spend that money.
When living close to minimum wage, you must know how to manage money wisely.
More than likely, you are living paycheck to paycheck and struggling to survive to the next paycheck. Take a deep breath and make this minimum wage just a season.
The ultimate goal is to make the most of your hourly wage with inspirations to make more money.
If that is something you want too, then keep reading. You are in the right place.
$12 an Hour is How Much a Year?
When we ran all of our numbers to figure out how much is $12 per hour is as an annual salary, we used the average working day of 40 hours a week.
40 hours x 52 weeks x $12 = $24960
$24960 is the gross annual salary with a $12 per hour wage.
Breakdown Of 12 Dollars An Hour Is How Much A Year
Typically, the average work week is 40 hours and you can work 52 weeks a year. Take 40 hours times 52 weeks and that equals 2,080 working hours. Then, multiple the hourly salary of $12 times 2,080 working hours, and the result is $24,960.
That number is the gross income before taxes, insurance, 401K, or anything else is taken out. Net income is how much you deposit into your bank account.
Work Part Time?
But you may think, oh wait, I’m only working part time. So if you’re working part time, the assumption is working 20 hours a week at $12 an hour.
Only 20 hours per week. Then, take 20 hours times 52 weeks and that equals 1,040 working hours. Then, multiple the hourly salary of $12 times 1,040 working hours, and the result is $12480.
How Much is $12 Per Month?
On average, the monthly amount would average $2,080.
Annual Amount of $24000 ÷ 12 months = $2080 per month
Since some months have more days and fewer days like February, you can expect months with more days to have a bigger paycheck. Also, this can be heavily influenced by how often you are paid and on which days you get paid.
Work Part Time?
Only 20 hours per week. Then, the monthly amount would average $1040.
How Much is $12 per Hour Per Week
This is a great number to know! How much do I make each week? When I roll out of bed and do my job, what can I expect to make at the end of the week?
Once again, the assumption is 40 hours worked.
40 hours x $12 = $480 per week.
Work Part Time?
Only 20 hours per week. Then, the weekly amount would be $240.
How Much is $12 per Hour Bi-Weekly
For this calculation, take the average weekly pay of $480 and double it.
$480 per week x 2 = $960
Also, the other way to calculate this is:
40 hours x 2 weeks x $12 an hour = $960
Work Part Time?
Only 20 hours per week. Then, the bi-weekly amount would be $480.
How Much is $12 Per Hour Per Day
This depends on how many hours you work in a day. For this example, we are going to use an eight hour work day.
8 hours x $12 per hour = $96 per day.
If you work 10 hours a day for four days, then you would make $120 per day. (10 hours x $12 per hour)
Work Part Time?
Only 4 hours per day. Then, the daily amount would be $48.
$12 Per Hour is…
$12 per Hour – Full Time
Total Income
Yearly Salary (52 weeks)
$24,960
Yearly Wage (50 weeks)
$24,000
Monthly Wage (173 hours)
$2,080
Weekly Wage (40 Hours)
$490
Bi-Weekly Wage (80 Hours)
$960
Daily Wage (8 Hours)
$96
Net Estimated Monthly Income
$1,588
**These are assumptions based on simple scenarios.
Paid Time Off Earning 12 Dollars an Hour
Does your employer offer paid time off?
As an hourly, close to minimum wage employee, more than likely you will not get paid time off.
So, here are the scenarios for both cases.
For general purposes, we are going to assume you work 40 hours per week over the course of the year.
Case # 1 – With Paid Time Off
Most hourly employees, get two weeks of paid time off which is equivalent to 2 weeks of paid time off.
In this case, you would make $24960 per year.
This is the same as the example above for an annual salary making $12 per hour.
Case #2 – No Paid Time Off
Unfortunately, not all employers offer paid time off to their hourly employees. While that is unfortunate, it is best to plan for less income.
Life happens. There will be times you need to take time off for numerous reasons – sick time, handling an emergency, or even vacation.
So, let’s assume you take 2 weeks off without paid time off.
That means you would only work 50 weeks of the year instead of all 52 weeks. Take 40 hours times 50 weeks and that equals 2,000 working hours. Then, multiple the hourly salary of $12 times 2,000 working hours, and the result is $24,000.
40 hours x 50 weeks x $12 = $24000
You would average $96 per working day and nothing when you don’t work.
$12 an Hour is How Much a year After Taxes
Let’s be honest… Taxes can take up a big chunk of your paycheck. Thus, you need to know how taxes can affect your hourly wage.
This is why you always wondering why your take-home pay is so much less.
Also, every single person’s tax situation is different.
On the basic level, let’s assume a 12% federal tax rate and a 4% state rate. Plus a percentage is taken out for Social Security and Medicare (FICA) of 7.65%.
Gross Annual Salary: $24,960
Federal Taxes of 12%: $2,995
State Taxes of 4%: $998
Social Security and Medicare of 7.65%: $1,909
$12 an Hour per Year after Taxes: $19,057
This would be your net annual salary after taxes.
To turn that back into an hourly wage, the assumption is working 2,080 hours.
$19057 ÷ 2080 hours = $9.16 per hour
After estimated taxes and FICA, you are netting $9.16 an hour. That is $2.84 an hour less than what you planned.
This is a very highlighted example and can vary greatly depending on your personal situation. Therefore, here is a great tool to help you figure out how much your net paycheck would be.
$12 an Hour Budget Example
You are probably wondering can I live on my own making 12 dollars an hour? How much rent can you afford on 12 an hour?
Using our Cents Plan Formula, this is the best case scenario on how to budget your $12 per hour paycheck.
When using these percentages, it is best to use net income because taxes must be paid.
In this example, above we calculated $12 an hour was $9.16 after taxes. That would average $1588 per month.
According to the Cents Plan Formula, here is the high level view of a $12 per hour budget:
Basic Expenses of 50% = $794
Save Money of 20% = $318
Give Money of 10% = $159
Fun Spending of 20% = $318
Debt of 0% = $0
Obviously, that is not doable when living so close to minimum wage. So, you have to be strategic on ways to decrease your basic expenses and debt. Then, it will allow you more money to save and fun spending.
To further break down an example budget of $12 per hour, then using the ideal household percentages is extremely helpful.
recommended budget percentages based on $12 per hour wage:
Category
Ideal Percentages
Sample Monthly Budget
Giving
10%
$62
Savings
15-25%
$104
Housing
20-30%
$645
Utilities
4-7%
$125
Groceries
5-12%
$187
Clothing
1-4%
$21
Transportation
4-10%
$125
Medical
5-12%
$208
Life Insurance
1%
$18
Education
1-4%
$10
Personal
2-7%
$31
Recreation / Entertainment
3-8%
$52
Debts
0% – Goal
$0
Government Tax (including Income Tatumx, Social Security & Medicare)
15-25%
$492
Total Gross Income
$2,080
**In this budget, prioritization was given to basic expenses. Thus, some categories like giving and saving were less.
$12 an Hour Calculator
Now, you get to figure out how much you make based on your hours worked or if you make a wage between $12.01-12.99.
Here is a handy calculator to use if you make $12.60, $12.30, or $12.75 an hour.
Living on $12 Per Hour
Living close to minimum wage can be a very difficult situation.
Is it doable? Probably not for long.
You just have to be wiser (or frugal) with your money and how you spend the hard-earned cash you have been blessed with.
A lot of times when people are making under near the minimum wage mark, they feel like they are in this constant cycle that they can never keep up with (which completely makes sense it is hard!).
When your thoughts are constantly focused on how you are struggling to keep up with bills and expenses, that is all you focus on.
You need to realize that your mindset is everything.
This is what you say to yourself… Okay, I am making near minimum wage for now. I have aspirations and goals to increase how much I make. For now, I am going to make sure that I am able to live on my 12 dollars per hour. I’m going to try and avoid debt and payday loans at all costs.
Other Tips to Help You:
Check your minimum wage for your state and city. You might find a higher minimum wage in a nearby city.
Look to living in a lower cost of living area to stretch your money.
Find ways to minizine your basic expenses.
Thrive with a minimalist lifestyle.
Decide if a roommate or moving back with your parents would help.
Bike or walk to work.
In the next section, we will dig into ways to increase your income, but for now, you must focus on living on $12 an hour.
5 Ways to Increase Your Hourly Wage
This right here is the most important section of this post.
You need to figure out ways to increase your hourly income because I’m going to tell you…you deserve more. You do a good job and your value is higher than what your employers pay you.
Even an increase of 50 cents to $12.50 will add up over the year. Even better $13 an hour or $15 an hour!
1. Ask for a Raise
The first thing to do is ask for a raise. Walk right in and ask for a raise because you never know what the answer will be until you ask.
If you want the best tips on how specifically to ask for a raise and what the average wage is for somebody doing your job, then check out this book. In this book, the author gives you the exact way to increase your income. The purchase is worth it or go down to the library and check that book out.
2. Look for A New Job
Another way to increase your hourly wage is to look for a new job. Maybe a completely new industry.
It might be a total change for you, but many times, if you want to change your financial situation, then that starts with a career change. Maybe you’re stressed out at work. Making $12 an hour is too much for you and you’re not able to enjoy life, maybe changing jobs and finding another job may increase your pay, but it will also increase your quality of life.
3. Find a New Career
Because of student loans, too many employees feel like they are stuck in the career field they chose. They feel sucked into the job that they don’t like or have the potential they thought it would.
For many years, I was in the same situation until I decided to do a complete career change. I am glad I did. I have the flexibility that I needed in my life to do what I wanted when I needed to do it. Plus I am able to enjoy my entrepreneurial spirit.
4. Find Alternative Ways to Make Money
In today’s society, you need to find ways to make more money. Period.
There is no way to get around it. You need to find additional income outside a traditional nine to five position or typical 40-hour-a-week job. You will reach a point where you are maxed on what you can make in your current position or title. There may be some advancement to move forward, but in many cases, there just is not much room for growth.
So, you need to find a side hustle – another way to make money.
Do something that you enjoy, turn your hobby into a way to make money, turn something that you naturally do, and help others into a service business. In today’s society, the sky is the limit on how you can earn a freelancing income.
5. Earn Passive Income
The last way to increase your hourly wage is to start earning passive income.
This can be from a variety of ways including the stock market, real estate, online courses, book sales, etc. This is where the differentiation between struggling financially and being financially sound happens.
By earning money passively, you are able to do the things that you enjoy doing and not be loaded down, with having a job that you need to work, and a place that you have to go to. And you still make money doing nothing.
Here is an example:
You can start a brokerage account and start trading stocks for $50. You need to learn and take the one and only investing class I recommend. Learn how the market works, watch videos, and practice in a simulator before you start using your own money.
One gentleman started with $5,000 in his trading account and now has well over $75,000 in a year. Just from practice and being consistent, he has learned that passive income is the way for him to increase his income and also not be a slave to his job.
Tips to Live on $12 an Hour
In this last section, grasp these tips on how to live on $12 an hour. On our site, you can find lots of money saving tips to help stretch your income further.
Here are the most important tips to live on $12 an hour. Highlight these!
1. Spend Less Than you Make
First, you must learn to spend less than you make.
If not you will be caught in the debt cycle and that is not where you want to be. You will be consistently living paycheck to paycheck.
In order to break that dreadful cycle, it means your expenses must be less than your income.
And when I say income, it’s not the $12 an hour. As we talked about earlier in the post, there are taxes. The amount of taxes taken out of your paycheck is called your net income which is your home $12 an hour minus all the taxes, FICA, social security, and Medicare are taken out. That is your net income.
So, your net income has to be less than your net income.
2. Living Below Your Means
You need to be happy. And living on less can actually make you happier. Studies prove that less is better.
Finding contentment in life is one thing that is a struggle for most.
We are driven to want the new shiny toy, the thing next door, the stuff your friend or family member got. Our society has trained you that you need these things as well.
Have you ever taken a step back and looked at what you really need?
Once you are able to find contentment with life, then you are going to be set for the long term with your finances.
Here is our story on owning less stuff. We have been happier since.
3. Make Saving Money Fun
You need to make saving money fun. Period.
It could be participating in a no spend challenge for the month.
Check out the 200 envelope challenge (which is doable on your income)
It could be challenging friends not to go to Target for a week.
Maybe changing your habits and not picking up takeout and planning meals.
Whatever it is challenge yourself.
Find new ways of saving money and have fun with it.
Even better, get your family and kids involved in the challenge to save money. Tell them the reason why you are saving money and this is what you are doing.
Here are 101 things to do with no money. Free activities without costing you a dime. That is an amazing resource for you and you will never be bored.
And you will learn a lot of things in life you can do for free. Personally, some of the best ones are getting outside and enjoying some fresh air.
4. Make More Money
If you want if you do not settle for less, then find ways to make more money. If you want more out of life, then increase your income.
You need to be an advocate for yourself.
Find ways to make more money.
It could be a side hustle, a second job, asking for a raise, going to school to change careers, or picking up extra hours.
Whatever path you take, that’s fine. Just find ways to make more money. Period.
5. No State Taxes
Paying taxes is one option to increase what you take home in each paycheck.
These are the states that don’t pay state income taxes on wages:
Alaska
Florida
Nevada
New Hampshire
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wyoming
It is very interesting if you take into account the amount of state taxes paid compared to a state with income taxes.
Also, if you live in one of the higher taxed states, then you may want to reconsider moving to a lower cost of living area. The higher taxes income tax states include California, Hawaii, New Jersey, Oregon, Minnesota, the District of Columbia, New York, Vermont, Iowa, and Wisconsin. These states tax income somewhere between 7.65% – 13.3%.
6. Stick to a Budget
You need to learn how to start a budget. We have tons budgeting resources for you.
While creating a budget is great, you need to learn how to use one.
You do not have to budget down to every last penny.
You need to make sure your expenses are less than your income and you are creating sinking funds for those irregular expenses.
Budget Help:
7. Pay Off Debt Quickly
The amount that you pay interest on debt is absolutely absurd.
Unfortunately, that is how many of these companies make their money from the interest you pay on debt.
If you are paying 5% to even 20-21% or higher, you need to find ways to lower that debt quickly.
Here’s a debt calculator to help you. Figure out your debt free date.
Make that paying off debt fast is your target and main focus. I can tell you from personal experience, it was not until week paid off our debt that we finally rounded the corner financially. Once our debt was paid off, we could finally be able to save money. Set money aside in separate bank accounts and pay for cash for things.
It took us working hard to pay off debt. We needed persistence and patience while we had setbacks in our debt free journey.
Jobs that Pay $12 an Hour
You can always find jobs that pay $12 per hour. Polish up that smile, fill out the application and be prepared with your interview skills.
Job Search Hint: Always send a written follow-up thank you note for your interview. That will help you get noticed and remembered.
First, look at the cities that require a minimum wage in their cities. That is the best place to start to find jobs that are going to pay higher than the federal minimum wage rate. Many of the cities are moving towards this model so, target and look for jobs in those areas.
Possible Ideas for Jobs Paying $12 an hour:
Cashiers
Back of the house restaurant staff
Landscape Laborer
Retail jobs
Virtual Assistant – learn how to get started now!
Paraeducators at schools
Janitors
Farm help
Warehouse workers
Call center
Hotel Housekeeper
Delivery driver
Product demonstrator
Caregiver
Busser at restaurants
companies paying $12 an hour
Target
Amazon
Walgreens
Great Wolf Lodge
Olive Garden
Sonic
$12 Per Hour Annual Salary
In this post, we detailed 12 an hour is how much a year. Plus all of the variables that can impact your net income. This is something that you can live off.
How much is 12 dollars an hour annually…
$24,960
This is under $30000 per year and you need to make at least $38k a year.
In this post, we highlighted ways to increase your income as well as tips for living off your wage.
Use the sample budget as a starting point with your expenses.
You will have to be savvy and wise with your hard-earned income. But, with a plan, anything is possible!
Spend your time wisely and make money doing it. All of these quick ways to make money are simple and easy to do!
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Investing isn’t new to me. I opened my first CD in high school back in the good old days of 5 percent interest, and I started contributing to my 401(k) as soon as I was eligible (at age 21). I did everything right according to the articles I read. I:
Contributed enough to get the maximum employer match
Saved/invested around 10 percent of my income
Opened up an IRA
Before I break my arm patting myself on the back, let me tell you that I made a huge error. I stopped too soon in my investing education. Instead of continuing to learn, I rested on my investing laurels — and who knows how much money I’ve lost out on because I forgot that no one cares more about my money than I do.
And my huge error led me to make many mistakes. For instance, I didn’t realize until (embarrassingly) recently that different funds in your 401(k) have different fees. Selecting funds with low fees can make a huge difference in returns. Or “buy and hold” is not the same as “buy and forget about it.” And then there’s the issue of investing and taxes.
But doing something (even if I didn’t evaluate or understand my choices) is better than nothing, right? So there I stayed, comfortable in my stinky 401(k), letting my financial adviser make fund recommendations for my IRA.
Until this year. This year, I vowed to tackle my investing fear and ignorance. I’ve been reading old posts on Get Rich Slowly, collecting a list of investing books I want to read and perusing investing websites. I’ve created this list (along with my impressions of each resource) to help me learn more about investing, and I hope it helps you, too. It’s not an exhaustive list, of course. Also, in the interest of full disclosure, I get no compensation for including any of these resources.
Get Rich Slowly Blog Posts
For new readers, I dug through the GRS archives to find some solid investing posts. I wanted the posts to highlight different investing strategies and philosophies. I’m sure I missed a few, but this should save you from poking around the Investing archives — at least a few minutes, anyway.
Dividend-paying stocks This is a fairly recent post, focusing on dividend-paying stocks.
Roth IRAs Here is a great post on Roth IRAs.
Developing an investment policy statement – Before starting to invest, analyze why you are investing. What’s the point? Figuring that out first will help you form an investing strategy.
How the stock market works – The day this post ran was the day I understood more about the stock market. Sure, things have changed since this 1952 video, but the basics are still the same.
DRIPs This post succinctly covers dividend reinvestment programs.
Mutual funds Here is a great introduction to mutual funds.
Index funds This post describes why many people (including J.D.) have most of their portfolios in index funds.
Bonds No list would be complete without mentioning bonds.
Mutual fund prospectus Part of becoming an educated investor involves understanding where your money is going. Here’s how to read (and understand) a mutual fund prospectus.
Books
Best books on investing – This post covers eight well-known investing books, but it’s missing some good ones.
One of the good ones it’s missing is Peter Lynch’s “One Up On Wall Street.” It’s old, but I like his focus on simplicity and buying what you know.
“Control Your Cash” by Greg McFarlane and Betty Kincaid is another favorite. This book actually covers all the usual financial topics (credit scores, buying a car and a house, taxes, etc.), but has a couple of chapters on investing and securities. What I like about this book is that it explains investing in a way that I can understand, using a writing style that is funny and still pertains to a wide variety of investors.
Other Blogs and Websites
Bite the Bullet Investing This just-launched blog appears to be created for the investing novice. Posts cover terms such as equity and return and topics like using other people’s money. Great if you’re just starting out.
SEC guide Use this guide to learn how to read financial statements. I think this is a very easy to understand set of terms.
The Oblivious Investor This site is organized well and Mike Piper writes clearly, without a lot of “fluff.” I found his information on index funds to be easy to understand. I haven’t checked out any of his books, but he’s written several on various topics. I think he appeals to a wide variety of investors.
Seeking Alpha This site has been mentioned several times in the comments of various GRS articles, so I thought it was worth checking out. It covers individual stocks and has some great articles. To read the entire article, you must register (though it’s free, I dislike the extra step). If you’re serious, it has a Pro subscription service in addition to the free information. I think there is some great information here, but it’s too advanced for me at this time.
The Motley Fool One of my favorite articles on the site is “13 steps to investing foolishly.” Like Seeking Alpha, they offer a premium subscription service along with their free information. This site has something for a range of investors. (GRS contributor Robert Brokamp is the Fool’s adviser for its Rule Your Retirement service.)
Morningstar has 172 free investment courses. Topics include “Investing for the long run” and “The magic of compounding.” Did I mention they were free?
Guide to Transparent Investing Frankly, I’m overwhelmed reading my own list. But if you pick anything from this list, please read this guide. Published in 2007, this 53-page discusses DIY financial planning, risk tolerance, and how to create a portfolio to minimize the bite of taxes. It explains fundamental concepts well and includes charts. I wish I’d read this guide years ago.
When doing a list like this, it’s so easy to miss lots of great resources. Which ones would you add?
By Contributing Author5 Comments – The content of this website often contains affiliate links and I may be compensated if you buy through those links (at no cost to you!). Learn more about how we make money. Last edited August 28, 2017.
One day the stock market is down 300 points, the next it’s up 300; it’s a hard time to invest in the stock market isn’t?
It’s like seeing a swarm of sharks in the water and trying to convince yourself it’s OK to jump in.
I totally understand because I feel the exact same way. When you have the government threatening to change the rules of the game, it’s difficult to remain confident in the time tested approach of wealth accumulation through investing. That’s why, outside of my retirement investments, I haven’t invested a single dollar in the stock market. I’m not equipped to fight off sharks. 🙂
So what have I done with our savings? Well, our emergency fund is laddered into twelve year-long CDs. Outside of our emergency fund, we’ve been in lockdown mode, much to the chagrin of the economy, and have been putting into ultra-safe, principal-protected “investments.” If you’re looking for something that’s 100% safe, defined as being backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government, here are a few options:
High Yield Savings Accounts
I’m sure you’re all familiar with online banks and their savings account offerings. The yields aren’t as good as they once were, most are in the 2-3% APY range, but they are all FDIC insured. Some may be in a more perilous financial situation than others but when you are FDIC insured, your assets are protected up to $250,000 or more, depending on your account type. 2-3% may not seem like a lot, but it’s greater than zero and you have no risk of losing your principal! How can these banks offer yields that are much higher than their brick and mortar counter parts? A leaner operation. They don’t run branches, they don’t hire tellers or branch managers, they don’t mail out statements, and they can outsource their call centers. All these cost cutting measures mean you get a higher interest rate.
Reward Checking Accounts
Reward checking accounts are a special type of checking account that give high yields as long as you satisfy certain conditions. Today, the best reward checking rates are around 5% if you satisfy the conditions, less than 1% if you fail to meet them. The conditions are usually not difficult to achieve. The first common requirement is to have 10+ debit transactions a month. The second requirement is to have at least one direct deposit, such as a paycheck. A third, less common, requirement is that the customer must log into their online account a specified number of times a month. They are able to pay such high yields because they earn transaction fees off the debit transactions.
Certificates of Deposit
If you want to do better, you’ll have to take a look at a certificates of deposit. They are less flexible than a savings account but require less work than a reward checking account. The best CD rates for 12- or 18- month CDs is just under 4% and the highest short-term CD rate is under 2.50% APY. They’re not incredible rates but they are guaranteed, unlike checking and savings accounts. When the CD matures, you get your funds back. The funds are locked in but if you need your money before maturity, you can get it after paying a small penalty.
Treasury Securities & Bonds
This is often called “public debt,” because the government borrows money through the sale of Treasury Securities and Bonds. The Treasury products come in two types, securities which you can buy and sell on the secondary market; and bonds, which you can only buy and sell to the Treasury through Treasury Direct. You’ll have to do some research yourself on the current rates, because they change from week to week, but this debt is backed by the full faith and Credit of the United States Government. In addition to that high level of safety, many have special tax considerations that may make them more appealing than a CD, depending on what your tax bracket is.
If you’re looking for safety, I think you cannot go wrong with one of these four options. They may not have the most attractive of yields but you’ll be hard pressed to find an alternative that is as safe and so easy to get in and out of.
This is an article from Jim over at WalletHacks.com. Jim runs a tight ship over there and if you’re looking for some good sound financial advice, his site is a great place to go.
If you have a mortgage, you may be unknowingly participating in a mortgage-backed security (MBS). That is, your humble home loan may be part of a pool of mortgages that has been packaged and sold to income-oriented investors on the secondary market.
Being part of an MBS won’t change much (if anything) about how you repay your home loan, but it’s helpful to understand how these investment products work and how they impact the mortgage and housing industries.
Key takeaways
A mortgage-backed security is an investment product that consists of thousands of individual mortgages.
Investors can purchase MBSs on the secondary market from the banks that issued the loans.
When MBS prices fall, residential mortgage rates tend to rise – and vice versa.
What is a mortgage-backed security?
A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is a type of financial asset, somewhat like a bond (or a bond fund). It’s created out of a portfolio, or collection, of residential mortgages.
When a company or government issues a traditional bond, they are essentially borrowing money from investors (the people buying the bond). As with any loan, interest payments are made and then principal is paid back at maturity. However, with a mortgage-backed security, interest payments to investors come from the thousands of mortgages that underlie the bond — specifically, the repayments in interest and principal the mortgage-holders make each month.
Mortgage-backed securities offer key benefits to the players in the mortgage market, including banks, investors and even mortgage borrowers themselves. However, investing in an MBS has pros and cons.
How do mortgage-backed securities work?
While we all grew up with the idea that banks make loans and then hold those loans until they mature, the reality is that there’s a high chance that your lender is selling the loan into what’s known as the secondary mortgage market. Here, aggregators buy and sell mortgages, finding the right kind of mortgages for the security they want to create and sell on to investors. This is the most common reason a borrower’s mortgage loan servicer changes after securing a mortgage loan.
Mortgage-backed securities consist of a group of mortgages that have been organized and securitized to pay out interest like a bond. MBSs are created by companies called aggregators, including government-sponsored entities such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. They buy loans from lenders, including big banks, and structure them into a mortgage-backed security.
Think of a mortgage-backed security like a giant pie with thousands of mortgages thrown into it. The creators of the MBS may cut this pie into potentially millions of slices — each perhaps with a little piece of each mortgage — to give investors the kind of return and risk they demand. Mortgage-backed securities typically pay out to investors on a monthly basis, like the mortgages underlying them.
Types of mortgage-backed securities
Mortgage-backed securities may have many features depending on what the market demands. The creators of MBSs think of their pool of mortgages as streams of cash flow that might run for 10, 15 or 30 years — the typical length of mortgages. But the bond’s underlying loans may be refinanced, and investors are repaid their principal and lose the cash flow over time.
By thinking of the characteristics of the mortgage as a stream of risks and cash flows, the aggregators can create bonds that have certain levels of risks or other characteristics. These securities can be based on both home mortgages (residential mortgage-backed securities) or on loans to businesses on commercial property (commercial mortgage-backed securities).
There are different types of mortgage-backed securities based on their structure and complexity:
Pass-through securities: In this type of mortgage-backed security, a trust holds many mortgages and allocates mortgage payments to its various investors depending on what share of the securities they own. This structure is relatively straightforward.
Collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO): This type of MBS is a legal structure backed by the mortgages it owns, but it has a twist. From a given pool of mortgages, a CMO can create different classes of securities that have different risks and returns (like different size slices, if we use our pie metaphor again). For example, it can create a “safer” class of bonds that are paid before other classes of bonds. The last and riskiest class is paid out only if all the other classes receive their payments.
Stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBS): This kind of security basically splits the mortgage payment into two parts, the principal repayment and the interest payment. Investors can then buy either the security paying the principal (which pays out less at the start but grows) or the one paying interest (which pays out more but declines over time). These structures allow investors to invest in mortgage-backed securities with certain risks and rewards. For example, an investor could buy a relatively safe slice of a CMO and have a high chance of being repaid, but at the cost of a lower overall return.
How do mortgage-backed securities affect mortgage rates?
The cost of mortgage-backed securities has a direct impact on residential mortgage rates. This is because mortgage companies lose money when they issue loans while the market is down.
When the prices of mortgage-backed securities drop, mortgage providers generally increase interest rates. Conversely, mortgage providers lower interest rates when the price of MBSs goes up.
So, what causes mortgage-backed securities to rise or fall? Everything from stock market gains to higher energy prices and even unemployment numbers have the ability to influence the prices. A variety of factors that affect the course of mortgage-backed securities, and lenders are constantly monitoring it.
Mortgage-backed securities and the housing market
Why do mortgage-backed securities make sense for the players in the mortgage industry? Mortgage-backed securities actually make the industry more efficient, meaning it’s cheaper for each party to access the market and get its benefits:
Lenders: By selling their mortgages, lenders save on maintenance costs, and receive money they can then loan out to other borrowers, allowing them to more efficiently use their capital. They often require borrowers to meet conforming loan standards so that they can sell mortgages to aggregators. They can also sell the loans they might not want to keep, while retaining those they prefer.
Aggregators: Aggregators package mortgages into MBSs and earn fees for doing so. They may give mortgage-backed securities features that appeal to certain investors. A steady supply of conforming loans allows aggregators to structure MBSs cheaply.
Borrowers: Because aggregators demand so many conforming loans, they increase the supply of these loans and push down mortgage rates. So, borrowers may be able to enjoy greater access to capital and lower mortgage rates than they otherwise would.
Of course, easier access to financing is beneficial for the housing construction industry: Developers can build and sell more houses to consumers who are able to borrow more cheaply.
Investors like mortgage-backed securities, too, because these bonds may offer certain kinds of risk exposure that the investors, mainly big institutional players, want to have. Even the banks themselves may invest in MBSs, diversifying their portfolios.
While the lender may sell the loan, it may also retain the right to service the mortgage, meaning it earns a small fee for collecting the monthly payment and generally managing the account. So, you may continue to pay your lender each month for your mortgage, but the real owner of your mortgage may be the investors who hold the mortgage-backed security containing your loan.
Pros and cons of investing in MBSs
No investment is without risk. MBS have their advantages and disadvantages.
For instance, mortgage-backed securities typically pay out to investors on a monthly basis, like the mortgages behind the securities. But, unlike a typical bond where you receive interest payments over the bond’s life and then receive your principal when it matures, an MBS may often pay both principal and interest over the life of the security, so there won’t be a lump-sum payment at the end of the MBS’ life.
Here are some of the other advantages and disadvantages of investing in MBSs.
Pros
Pay a fixed interest rate
Typically have higher yields than U.S. Treasuries
Less correlated to stocks than other higher-yielding fixed income securities, such as corporate bonds
Cons
If a borrower defaults on their mortgage, the investor will ultimately lose money
The borrower may refinance or pay down their loan faster than expected, which can have a negative impact on returns
Higher interest rate risk because the cost of MBSs can drop as soon as interest rates increase
History of mortgage-backed securities
The first modern-day mortgage-backed security was issued in 1970 by the Government National Mortgage Association, better known as Ginnie Mae. These mortgage-backed securities were actually backed by the U.S. government and were enticing because of their guaranteed income stream.
Ginnie Mae began providing mortgage-backed securities in an effort to bring in extra funds, which were then used to purchase more home loans and expand affordable housing. Shortly after, government-sponsored enterprises Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also began offering their version of MBSs.
The first private MBS was not issued until 1977, when Lew Ranieri of the now-defunct investment group Salomon Brothers developed the first residential MBS that was backed by mortgage providers, rather than a federal agency. Ranieri’s MBSs were offered in 5- and 10-year bonds, which was attractive to investors who could see returns more quickly.
Over the years, mortgage-backed securities have evolved and grown significantly. As of May 2023, financial institutions have issued $493.9 billion in mortgage-backed securities.
Mortgage-backed securities today
While mortgage-backed securities were notoriously at the center of the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, they continue to be an important part of the economy today because they serve real needs and provide tangible benefits to players across the mortgage and housing industries.
Not only does securitization of mortgages provide increased liquidity for investors, lenders and borrowers, it also offers a way to support the housing market, which is one of the largest engines of economic growth in the U.S. A strong housing market often bolsters a strong economy and helps employ many workers.
Mortgage Market
Bankrate insights
As of 2021, 65% of total home mortgage debt was securitized into mortgage-backed securities.
Bottom line on mortgage backed securities
While you might not deal with a mortgage-backed security in your daily life, your mortgage may be part of one. And if so, it’s a cog in the machinery that keeps the financial system running and helps borrowers access capital more cheaply. It can be useful to understand that the MBS market ultimately has a powerful influence over qualifications for mortgages, resulting in who gets a loan — and for how much.
Boston fintech firm Knox Financial plans to expand its lending business and loan products with $50 million in funding it received from a real estate advisory firm.
New York-headquartered Saluda Grade provided the funding in forward flow capital which Knox will use to expand its lending business into Georgia, Knox representatives said Wednesday. The fintech also will offer additional loan products, including home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), new purchase loans and cash-out refinancings.
“A homeowner’s best investment is the home they live in — far better than the returns we’ve seen from the stock market in 2022, and a great hedge against record-high inflation,” said David Friedman, co-founder and CEO of Knox Financial.
Established in 2018, Knox aims to help manage residential rentals with its algorithm-based platform. Its rental pricing and projection model also calculates the rate of return an investment property is expected to produce over time. When a property is enrolled in the platform, Knox automates and oversees the property’s finances and taxes, insurance, leasing, banking and bill pay, according to the company’s website.
The funding comes shortly after Knox launched its first mortgage product, dubbed the Knox equity access program (KEAP), in April. KEAP loans give homeowners access to capital, based on the equity in the home, to turn it into an investment property with Knox. Homeowners can then use their KEAP loan to fund a downpayment on their next home and to pay for repairs on their investment property.
In return, Knox charges an origination fee and third-party costs to the borrower. Knox also keeps 10% of the rental income generated from properties listed on its platform.
Prioritizing home equity solutions in a rising rate environment
The 2022 housing market has been underscored by interest rate spikes and refi decline and lenders are working hard to adjust to new borrower trends. HousingWire recently spoke with Barry Coffin, managing director of home equity title/close at ServiceLink, about the ways lenders can capitalize on these trends by revving up their home equity solutions.
Presented by: ServiceLink
Knox’s expansion comes amid a shrinking mortgage origination market. As mortgage rates began increasing this year, lenders, mortgage tech firms and real estate brokerages started laying off employees, often citing rapidly declining market conditions.
With rising mortgage rates, company representatives said Knox has seen growing interest in second lien products such as home equity loans or HELOCs from borrowers who have tappable equity but don’t want to refinance.
“As mortgage rates have risen, more inventory will become available at more competitive pricing,” said Matt Marra, chief growth officer at Knox.
Knox Financial raised $10 million in Series A funding in April 2021, led by G20 Ventures, following a $3 million seed round in January 2020. The largest markets for Knox are metropolitan areas of Boston, Atlanta, Houston, Dallas and Austin, Texas. According to Marra, Knox oversees a portfolio of $150 million in combined value.
One thing I love about Millennials and Zoomers is how freely we share advice.
Case in point, there are now countless wealth coaches and personal finance gurus on TikTok recording their best tips on saving, investing, and achieving financial freedom faster.
And we’re hungry for their advice. According to CNN, the hashtag “#personalfinance” alone has a total of four billion views, with “#financialliteracy” and “#financetiktok” not far behind.
However, while the intent is always sound, the tips themselves aren’t. There are some misguided and potentially devastating personal finance myths being perpetuated on TikTok these days, so I am here to address them head-on.
Let’s debunk seven of the most common TikTok money myths before you make a potentially dangerous financial move.
What’s Ahead:
1. “You can (and should) get rich quick”
The implication
“Get rich quickly and easily by following my personal finance advice.”
Here’s how to instantly spot a personal finance influencer who abides by a “get rich quick” philosophy: just look for the lime green Lamborghini in the background.
Once they’ve given you a few seconds to lust after their six-figure Italian whip, they’ll start telling you how they “turned $5,000 into $723,000” by following “three simple rules of investing” or some such promise. Sounds appealing.
The reality
Multiplying money on that scale, in that little time, always involves a staggering amount of risk, luck, or both. This is assuming, of course, that the influencer is even being 100% truthful – and that background Lambo isn’t a rental.
It’s entirely possible that this person really has gotten extremely lucky on some clandestine investing opportunity, but lottery winners aren’t financial advisors.
Actual financial advisors, and their very rich clients, will give you this advice:
“Get rich slowly.”
If you wouldn’t spend your life savings on lottery tickets, you shouldn’t get your financial advice from TikTok influencers who got lucky, either. The key is to get rich without the risk, and here’s exactly how to do it, step-by-step.
2. “Day trading is easier than you think”
The implication
Historically, only the rich and well-connected could make money on the stock market. But now that we have apps like Robinhood and Webull, everyday investors like you and me can buy, sell, and trade stocks ourselves, getting rich in the process just like day traders on Wall Street.
The reality
97% of day traders lose money.
That’s according to a large-scale study of day traders, where the researchers concluded:
“We show that it is virtually impossible for individuals to day trade for a living, contrary to what course providers claim.”
By contrast, “only” 70% or so of gamblers in Vegas lose money, according to the Wall Street Journal. So your money is safer on the roulette table than taking a TikTokers’ investing advice (but still, don’t gamble).
3. “Rich people look rich”
The implication
Earn big, spend big. As your income level rises and you start to feel “rich,” it’s time to start acting like it. Get a luxury apartment, lease a Mercedes, and don’t hesitate to buy that $2,000 purse.
Besides, what’s the point of working hard if you’re not playing hard?
This one is definitely more of an implication than a direct piece of advice. I don’t know of any TikTokers who are outright saying “spend all of your money” – but there are certainly plenty who are leading by example.
The reality
Rich people become rich precisely because they don’t spend money – they invest it. There’s a saying by famous-yet-frugal YouTuber Scotty Kilmer that I think about all the time:
“Broke people buy BMWs, and rich people buy Toyotas.”
Rich (or soon-to-be-rich) people know that if they buy a Toyota instead of a BMW at age 30, and invest the $30,000 difference at 10% APY, they’ll have:
$77,812 when they’re 40.
$201,825 when they’re 50.
$843,073 when they retire at 65.
The point of this anecdote isn’t to throw shade at Bimmer, but rather, to highlight how rich people think differently before making a purchase. They don’t think:
“How much can I afford?”
But rather:
“How much can I save and invest?”
In short, rich people don’t lead extravagant lifestyles – they lead frugal, yet comfortable lifestyles now so they can live however they want later.
4. “Live on a shoestring budget”
The implication
On the complete other side of the spectrum, there are TikTokers who advocate a shoestring lifestyle, where rigorous budgeting and extremely limited pleasure spending are the only viable pathways to financial freedom.
The reality
It’s totally OK to buy nice things and treat yourself.
In the previous example, yes, a BMW costs $30,000 more than a Toyota – and if you invest that money instead of buying a fancier car, you’ll have a fortune waiting for you by retirement.
That being said, if the BMW brings you joy and makes you happy (and you can afford it), buy it.
The key to achieving financial mindfulness isn’t to spend less – it’s to spend more mindfully on the things that truly matter to you. There are influencers out there who say you should stop going out to eat cold turkey because a restaurant meal for two can easily exceed $60 or even $100.
But financial mindfulness says that if that meal helps you build a relationship with someone, it’s worth it.
Draconian saving can be just as misguided as wanton spending. The key, then, is to determine how much you can safely spend each month, and then to spend that money on the people and things that bring you the most joy.
5. “Cryptocurrency will make you rich”
The implication
This one’s pretty straightforward, and I have heard it straight from countless TikTokers’ mouths: crypto will make you rich.
Forget the corrupt, manipulated stock market – Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin will bring prosperity and financial salvation to Millennials and Zoomers.
I mean, what other investment vehicle has provided anything even close to the 750,000,000% ROI that Bitcoin has since 2011?
I got rich off crypto and you will, too – hop aboard before it’s too late.
The reality
Cryptocurrency is like a fast-moving, rickety roller coaster at the county fair. The foundation hasn’t completely crumbled, but the wooden boards and screws holding it up are falling off with each passing car.
Hop aboard the crypto train at your own peril.
It’s true that Bitcoin has had a miracle run since 2011, rising from $0.008 to a peak of around $65,000 in April 2021 and making a lot of people very, very rich. But even diehard crypto fans have acknowledged that a “Bitcoin winter” is coming – that is, if it hasn’t already.
The Bitcoin winter is just one of the many huge risks to a crypto investment. The others (like China’s clampdown on mining) are fast approaching the roller coaster’s foundation with a sledgehammer.
Can Bitcoin still make you rich? Maybe, but there are plenty of safer rides at the carnival.
6. “Just copy the investments of rich people”
The implication
You can’t copy athletes to win gold medals, nor can you copy New York Times Best Sellers to sell more books.
However, you can totally copy the investing strategy of rich people to get rich.
In fact, they want you to copy them – either because your investment makes their investment more valuable, or simply out of the goodness of their heart. Warren Buffet famously shares his trades with the public so they can borrow and benefit from his wisdom.
So why spend 14 hours a day researching good trades when you can just copy someone else’s homework – especially when they ask you to?
The reality
Rich people can afford to make extremely risky investments and lose money that you and I can’t afford. For that reason, they shouldn’t always be followed into battle.
Warren Buffet is also famous for admitting when he’s made a mistake. In 2014, he confessed that he’d held onto shares of Tesco for way too long, costing him and his investors $444 million. Berkshire Hathaway’s investors may have been able to shrug off the loss, but any outsiders emulating Buffet’s moves may have been screwed.
Copying the investments of rich people may be a viable strategy if their investments fit within your financial goals and risk tolerance. For help determining whether that’s the case, you want to talk to a wealth advisor.
7. “You don’t need a wealth advisor”
The implication
Thanks to zero-commission trading platforms, you no longer need to buy and trade stocks through a sweaty stockbroker in some Manhattan office.
By that same logic, the emergence of robo-advisors and the fountains of free financial advice on TikTok have eliminated the need for old-fashioned wealth advisors. After all, why give someone 2% of your hard-earned gains when it’s never been easier to invest your money yourself?
The reality
The recent trifecta of online brokers, robo-advisors, and personal finance gurus on social media has done wonders empowering Millennials and Zoomers to handle our money better. The TikTok DIYers certainly have one thing right: it’s never been easier to make your own trades.
However, despite birthing a renaissance in financial literacy, nothing on TikTok can replace the tailored, one-on-one advice you’d get from a professional wealth advisor.
Robo-advisors can personalize your investing strategy to an extent, but they can’t play a direct role in helping you navigate the markets and make good decisions.
Summary
There’s plenty of sound personal finance advice on TikTok, but it only takes one bad tip to cost you money.
For that reason, it literally pays to separate the wheat from the chaff. Not everyone who’s made money is a skilled investor – some are just lucky.
You want to started investing but aren’t sure what steps to take. No worries. Let me walk you through the basics and you’ll soon be on your way.
Before we start, you should know that the stock market offers a great way to grow your wealth. However, with the reward of earning 5%, 8%, or even 12% per year on your investments comes with the risk of losing money.
That means the value of your investments may drop one year. It may also take several years to recover from that loss. If you aren’t ready for the risks, then investing is not for you.
Think about These Issues Before You Start Investing
Investors are urged to invest for long term gain. This is due to changes in the market (those gains and losses you will see).
If you will not need your money for a minimum of 5 – 7 years, then you are the perfect candidate for investing. The between now and when you need your money is called the time horizon. For example, if you are investing toward buying a small cabin on the lake in 15 years, then your time horizon is 15 years. However, if your child will be heading off to college in 4 years, your time horizon would be 4 years.
Your time horizon is not the only thing you should know. Ask yourself a few other questions as well:
Am I investing for retirement, education, or another purpose?
How much do I have to invest, and is that money available in a lump sum, a regular monthly amount, or both?
Am I wanting to spend my time managing these investments?
How much money do I want to spend in investment fees?
What amount of fluctuation from the U.S. stock market performance am I willing to accept?
Your responses will guide your investing decisions, not only for the types of investments but also the brokerage firm you choose.
Consider Investing for Retirement with Low-Cost Index Funds
Let’s say you are investing for retirement, have an initial investment of $3,000. The plan is to add $100 each month to your account. You goal is to spend little time managing your investment. In addition, you would like to closely match U.S. stock performance (either the S&P 500 or the entire market). What should you do?
You can open an IRA with an online brokerage firm such as E*Trade, Fidelity, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, or Vanguard. To get started investing, you will need to fund your account. Funding is how the money moves from your account to your investment accounts.
In most cases, funding is arranged by setting up a link between your checking account and the brokerage account, and making transfers. The initial process can take a few days but after the connection is established, you can move funds to purchase shares of stocks, mutual funds, or ETFs.
Next, purchase either commission-free, market-index exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or no-load, no-transaction-fee market-index mutual funds. For example, you can buy shares in Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Investor Shares (VTSMX) for a minimum initial investment of $3,000 and additional investments of at least $1. You will want to make sure you sign up for paperless statements so you can get the $20 account fee waived.
Or, you could purchase shares in commission-free Schwab U.S. Broad Market ETF (SCHB) for $1,000 (or any multiple of its market price, which is about $50 at this writing); and make additional minimum purchases that equal the fund’s share price.
Buy Individual Stocks If You Are Comfortable with Greater Risk
Alternatively, you may be interested in growing your wealth more aggressively and are willing to accept risks (and losses) associated with potentially greater rewards. You have plenty of time to spend evaluating and selecting individual stocks plus you don’t mind paying transaction fees associated with the purchase and sale of stocks (or sector or specialty mutual funds or ETFs).
Again, you could open a regular brokerage account with any of the online brokerage firms. You might look at investing with Acorns, E*Trade, Schwab, or Fidelity. Keep in mind that each on-line firm has minimum investment thresholds that you will need to meet. You could choose stocks on your own or find ones using screening tools available on each firm’s website.
After determining what you’d like to buy and the approximate quantity, you’ll want to set a price to indicate how much you are willing to pay for shares and then place your order. Fees to place orders typically run about $9.99 or less.
Decide Whether Innovative Brokerage Firms Are Right for You
You might also consider investing with a newer firm, such as Betterment, Motif Investing, or Loyal3; these companies all have unique approaches to serving customers that may or may not meet your needs.
Betterment makes investment decisions on your behalf and charges an account management fee rather than individual transaction fees; you may like this approach if you don’t have time to invest on your own. Motif Investing offers fee-free investing through its Horizon Motifs, which are comprised primarily of market index ETFs, along with its specialty motifs that trade for a flat $9.95 fee. Loyal3 has a totally fee-free platform in which you can buy shares (or even fractional shares) of certain stocks with an investment of as little as $10.
If you are ready, now is the time to get started in investing, regardless of whether the market is up or down today. The sooner you start, the more your money can grow.
Julie Rains is a freelance writer specializing in personal finance, mortgages, and investing. She writes for her own blogInvesting to Thrive as well as other media outlets including Wise Bread and Loans101.
Julie holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with a concentration in Finance from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Julie started investing soon after graduation and has continued to invest and learn over the past 20+ years. In her free time, she enjoys cycling with friends and spending time with her husband and nearly grown sons.
Typically, you pay a premium if you select a 30-year fixed mortgage versus an adjustable-rate mortgage.
The reason is simple – the interest rate is locked in and will not change during the entire loan term, which is a full 30 years, or 360 months.
Conversely, if you choose to go with an adjustable-rate mortgage, such as a 5/1 ARM or a 7/1 ARM, you only receive the benefit of a fixed rate for the first five or seven years, respectively.
It is then subject to change annually during the remaining 23 or 25 years of the loan term.
As such, you should be entitled to a discount on your mortgage rate during that initial fixed period to make up for the risk of the interest rate resetting higher once the fixed period ends.
This spread can change over time depending on what’s going on in the economy and secondary market, along with lender/investor appetite for certain products.
Today’s Menu: 30-Year Fixed or Bust
Mortgage rates are usually highest on the 30-year fixed
Because borrowers receive a fixed interest rate for a full three decades
Discounts are typically given on riskier products like ARMs or shorter-term loans like the 15-year fixed
But right now lenders aren’t passing along the usual discounts
At the moment, anything that isn’t a 30-year fixed mortgage is basically out of favor.
This is probably even more true with nonbank lenders and those who sell off their mortgages, as opposed to keeping them in their own bank portfolio.
This explains why you’re no longer seeing the usual discounts offered for loan products like ARMs, and in some cases, even shorter-term fixed-rate mortgages, including the 15-year fixed.
Once again, I traveled across the internet to see what mortgage lenders were advertising for their popular loan programs, and this trend is pretty clear.
Lender
ARM or 15-Year Fixed Rate
30-Year Fixed Rate
Bank of America
3.375% (10/1 ARM)
3.375%
BB&T
3.375% (15-year fixed)
3.375%
Chase
3.49% (7/1 ARM)
3.125%
Citi
4.75% (7/1 ARM)
3.875%
Citizens Bank
3.375% (7/1 ARM)
3.375%
Navy Federal
2.375% (5/5 ARM)
2.875%
Quicken Loans
3.125% (10/1 ARM)
3.375%
USAA
*3.50% (VA 5/1 ARM)
3.50%
Wells Fargo
3.625% (5/1 ARM)
3.375%
Bank of America is advertising a 30-year fixed for 3.375% with 0.786% discount points, and a 10/1 ARM for the same rate with 0.971% discount points. In this example, it’s actually more expensive to take the riskier loan product.
BB&T is charging the same 3.375% for a 30-year or 15-year fixed refinance rate, yet the APR is slightly higher on the 15-year.
Chase will give you a 30-year fixed for 3.125%, or a 5/1 ARM for the same price. If you want a 7/1 ARM, the rate jumps up to 3.49%. More risk for more money…that’s a sign of a messed-up mortgage market.
Citi is showing super wild mortgage rates, with the 30-year fixed 3.875% with 0.125% points, and the 7/1 ARM pricing at 4.75% with a full point charged. You’d be crazy to go with the ARM.
Over at Citizens Bank, they’re advertising a 30-year fixed for 3.375% with .50% discount points. Meanwhile, their 7/1 ARM features the same exact rate with .125% discount points.
So slightly cheaper in terms of closing costs, but the same exact rate. It wouldn’t make much sense for most folks to go with the ARM unless they absolutely knew they’d be selling before those seven years were up.
And right now, there’s not a whole lot of certainty in terms of what’s next for anyone.
Some mortgage lenders aren’t advertising or possibly even offering ARMs at the moment, including Better Mortgage and Guaranteed Rate.
Navy Federal seems relatively normal, with their 30-year fixed 2.875% with 1.25 points, and their 5/5 ARM pricing at 2.375% with 0.25% points.
That’s a discount of a half a percent, which is more of what you’d expect to see based on the risk profiles of both loan programs. This might be because they keep the loans they originate.
At Quicken Loans, you can get a slight discount on a 10-year ARM vs. a 30-year fixed, 3.125% instead of 3.375%.
Then there’s USAA, which is advertising a 30-year fixed VA loan for 3.50% with negative mortgage points of 0.375%, and a 5/1 ARM with “APR typically around 3.500%.” You have to call to get the scoop, but it doesn’t sound much cheaper.
Lastly, Wells Fargo is offering a 5/1 ARM for 3.625%, and a 30-year fixed for a cheaper 3.375%.
So again, you’d be better off taking the 30-year fixed, not only because the interest rate is lower, but it’s also fixed for the full mortgage term.
It’s All About the Plain Vanilla Home Loan Right Now
Mortgage lenders are very skittish at the moment like all other businesses
As such they’re sticking to their safest products like the 30-year fixed while also tightening underwriting standards
This is partially because it’s easier to sell these types of loans on the secondary market to investors
Expect it to be more difficult to find a home loan with exotic features for the foreseeable future
In summary, mortgage lenders are grappling with a lot of uncertainty, just like everyone else thanks to the coronavirus (COVID-19).
And when that happens, they flock to the safety and security of the 30-year fixed, similar to how investors flee the stock market and head toward government bonds, which are guaranteed to be paid back.
Speaking of being paid back, the Fed’s QE4 program targets agency mortgage-backed securities, such as those backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
At the moment, banks and lenders are eschewing anything that isn’t super vanilla, aka basic and low-risk.
Those who are offering ARMs, jumbo loans and other traditionally riskier products are charging a premium in many cases since they don’t have the benefit of the Fed as a buyer.
Others are just removing them from their product menu, perhaps until the dust settles.
It’s reminiscent of the mortgage crisis that took place in the early 2000s, when lenders only originated boring old fixed-rate mortgages and ditched all the aggressive option ARMs, interest-only loans, and so on.
To make matters worse for some borrowers, they’re also upping minimum credit score requirements and getting tougher with their underwriting, whether it’s a lower max DTI ratio or a lower max loan-to-value ratio (LTV).
The name of the game is less risk, so if you’ve got a questionable loan scenario, it might be difficult to get funding right now.
Hopefully this is a short-term phenomenon, but no one knows for sure how long it will last.
Read more: What mortgage has the best interest rate?
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The question of whether a car is an asset or a liability has been debated for decades.
The reason for the debate is that there are many types of cars in the world and each car serves different purposes.
In the past, many people bought cars that were used and old to save money, because they believed it was cheaper in the long run than purchasing new ones every few years. This mindset shifted after some studies showed that replacing your car more often actually costs you less over time in terms of maintenance cost and depreciation on your vehicle value when compared to keeping a newer model longer.
Nowadays, most consumers are aware that the car is an asset and are more willing to pay for a new one.
However, there is a huge caveat on how you purchase the car, the age of the car, and the purposes of the vehicle.
All in all, depreciation can eat into your car’s worth.
What’s your take on this debate?
What is Considered an Asset?
The definition of an asset is broad and includes most things that have value. Assets are tangible or intangible property such as land, buildings, equipment, intellectual property such as patents and trademarks, or stocks.
This can be anything from a physical asset such as a house or equipment, to a more intangible asset such as a strong brand name or a loyal customer base.
Is a car an asset or liability?
A car is an asset to its owner because it took money to buy the vehicle. It is also a liability in that the cost of maintaining the car can be high, and depreciation on a new vehicle can eat into a person’s savings.
There is no definitive answer as to whether a car is an asset or a liability. It depends on the specific situation and the person’s circumstances.
For example, if someone needs a car to get to work, then the car would be considered an asset. However, if someone only uses their car for recreational activities, then the car would be viewed as a liability.
On the whole, cars are considered liabilities. They require regular maintenance, insurance, and other associated costs. However, there are a few exceptions. For instance, in some cases, a car can be used as collateral for a loan or as an investment vehicle.
Is a Car a Depreciating Asset?
A car is a depreciating asset because its value decreases over time. The depreciation of a car is based on a number of factors such as the age of the car, the make and model of the car, the condition of the car, and the miles on the car.
Cars are assets, but not smart investments as they will depreciate over time.
Reason # 1 – Wear and tear
Cars require a great deal of care and maintenance in order to keep them running smoothly. This includes everything from regular oil changes and tune-ups, to replacing worn-out parts and fixing dents and scratches.
In addition, cars depreciate in value over time due to normal wear and tear.
Reason # 2- Higher Mileage
The value of a mile decreases the more it is used. This is because the value of something depends on its rarity and when something becomes common, its value decreases.
The average car is only good for 200,000 miles. This is because of both the increased mileage and the cost of repairs as a car gets older.
Reason # 3- Cars become obsolete
Cars are becoming obsolete because new models and makes are constantly being released. This means that people want the newest and latest model, so they trade in their old car for a newer one.
Plus many of the parts for older cars become harder and harder to find. Thus, causing the cost to repair to escalate.
Reason # 4- Cars are not investments
Some people may argue if a house is an investment as well.
When you think of an investment, you want a certain rate of return on your money.
Most people use the stock market as a benchmark of earning 8% of the initial outlay of money. Thus, a car is an investment that depreciates over time. It will lose value as it gets older and the parts wear out.
If you want a return on your money, you should be asking is now a good time to buy stocks?
Can a Car Appreciate?
Yes, vintage cars and luxury sports cars have always been the exception. There are select vehicles that are in pristine condition with little to no mileage. These collector cars have a special fan base willing to spend money on these appreciating collections.
However, for the average car, the answer has always been a resounding NO!
Well, that was up until 2020, when used vehicles started to increase in value due to lack of microchips availability has been scarce causing the production of new cars to be halted. Thus, the supply and demand for new cars have been skewed causing an increase in car worth.
As the supply chain gets back to normal production, this appreciation in our sedans, trucks, and SUVs will be short-lived.
How To Calculate Car Value
Car value is the estimated worth of a car. There are two main methods for calculating this:
The trade-in method, which takes your vehicle’s current market value and divides it by its estimated remaining life span.
The resale method takes your vehicle’s current market price and then subtracts the depreciation rate from that value to get a car’s market value.
To calculate the value of a car, you need to know its make, model, year, and condition.
Personally, I like finding the worth of a car based on its Kelley Blue Book (KBB) value. This is the resource my dad used when he worked in the car industry, so I can trust the information.
The KBB value is updated monthly and takes into account recent sales and modifications.
When it comes time to buy, sell, or trade-in your car, you’ll need to know a fair price.
You can use a variety of methods to calculate your car’s worth, including using online tools, checking with dealerships and other buyers in your area, and looking at recent sales data. Remember to factor in your car’s condition and mileage when calculating its worth–prices will vary depending on the location and condition of your car.
Car Value Deprecation Curve
Before you head out and purchase your car, car value depreciation is a real consideration in your decision.
As KBB states, the first year of owning a brand new car will depreciate the most. While it feels great to drive off the lot in a brand new SUV, you can watch hundred dollar bills float behind you with how quickly the car depreciates.
To calculate the depreciation of a car, it varies depending on the make and model.
However, here is a car value depreciation chart to estimate based on.
In year one, most models will depreciate at least 20% or more.
From years 2-4, the car depreciates about 10% each year.
After five years, a car will depreciate about 60% of the original purchase price.
Car Value Deprecation Curve Example
For example, let’s take the average price of a new car of $47,077 according to Car and Driver.
1st year = car lost $9415.40 in value and is now worth $37,661.
2nd year = car lost another $3,766 in value and is now worth $33,895.
3rd year = car lost another $3,389 in value and is now worth $30,505.
4th year = car lost another $3,050 in value and is now worth $27,464.
After 5th year, the car has lost an estimated $28,246 in value and is now worth about $18,830
That is the reason most people do not believe a car is an asset.
That is a depreciating asset. Would you consider an investment if you knew 60% would be wiped away in less than five years? Probably not.
This is why most thrifty people look for cars that are at least 5 years old and lost most of the depreciation. Personally, I have never purchased a new car; everything I owned was new-to-me used vehicle. Even growing up as a daughter of a car salesman and manager, my parents never purchased a brand new car due to deprecation.
Another reason beater cars are super popular!
How Your Car Is An Asset
There are a variety of ways to define what an asset is, and whether or not a car falls into that category depends on the definition used.
In general, most people would say that a car is an asset because it has value and can be sold for money.
However, there are other definitions of assets that may not include cars. For example, some people might say that an asset is something that generates income or increases in price.
A car can be an asset for someone who is making money off of it. For instance, an Uber driver uses his or her car as a business asset. The car is providing them with income, and thus it can be considered an asset.
On the other hand, most people use their vehicles for personal use as a mode of transportation and do not make money off of it. If your car was purchased with cash or paid off, then you can consider it an asset.
Is a paid off car an asset? Yes.
Why is a car not an asset?
A car is not an asset because it depreciates in value the moment you drive it off the dealership lot. While it may be a necessary expense, it is not an asset that increases in worth over time.
Is a leased car an asset?
No, a leased car is not an asset because the asset (car in this case) is the asset of the leasing company. This is 100% liability for you and a monthly payment which you must make.
Leasing a vehicle allows you to drive it for the length of your lease term without the risk of buying and then selling or trading in at the end of your lease. Once the lease expires and if you decide to purchase the car, then it would be considered an asset on your net worth.
How Your Car Is Considered A Liability
The car is considered a liability if the debt exceeds the car’s value.
Simply put… If you have an auto loan, your car would be considered a liability.
Given that most people believe car loans are a part of being an adult, many view cars as a liability and monthly payments normal.
In addition, a car is a liability because, like any other depreciating asset, it will lose its value over time.
The longer you own it, the more money you will likely have to spend on repairs and general upkeep. This means that your car is not only costing you money every month in terms of payments and insurance, but also in terms of the decreasing worth of the asset itself.
Is a car loan an asset?
A car loan is a type of debt that is incurred when borrowing money to buy a new or used car. Thus, the car loans are considered liabilities and the car itself would be considered collateral.
Should I Include My Car in My Net Worth Calculation?
The answer to this question depends on how much your car is worth.
Personally, at Money Bliss, we recommend counting the vehicle as an asset and any auto loan as a liability. That means you would include both in your net worth calculations.
The reason why to include in net worth is if you had to sell your car immediately, you would be in one of two situations:
You have instant access to cash if needed.
You owe more in your car loan and thus, have negative equity. Meaning you would have to pay additional money to get out of your car loan and sell your car.
To keep your net worth accurate, you should adjust the price of your vehicles as they decrease over time.
Is Having a Car the worst investment of your Money?
There are a lot of factors to consider when answering this question.
Owning a car can be a major expense, and there are a lot of costs that come with owning a car, such as insurance, registration, and maintenance. However, a car can also provide a lot of benefits, such as convenience, freedom, and security.
Ultimately, it depends on your individual circumstances.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!