Homebuyers these days are facing much higher costs of ownership compared to a year ago, pushing most to the sidelines. Mortgage rates and home prices are high and inventory is paltry, resulting in a largely frozen housing market.
Nearly two-thirds of Americans say they are waiting for mortgage rates to drop before entering the market, according to a survey released this week by BMOFinancial Group, the eight-largest bank in North America. Among those who plan to purchase a home soon, only 6% expect to do so this summer, which is supposed to be the high season for real estate agents. Refinancing plans are also on hold: among those planning to refinance, 81% said they are waiting until rates drop.
The survey also found that 68% of Americans plan on using loans from their financial institution and/or lines of credit to help finance their home purchase. BMO said that 46% of Americans plan on using some of their personal savings to help pay for their home purchase, such as a down payment. Nearly a quarter of people surveyed said they expect financial help from family or friends when they purchase a home.
Mortgage rates have remained stubbornly high for virtually all of 2023. On Thursday, rates were recorded at 6.94%, just below the recent high of 7.14% in late May. The Mortgage Bankers Association on Wednesday said that mortgage applications for the week ending June 2 were down about 30% from the year prior, a direct consequence of 10 consecutive rate hikes from the Federal Reserve.
Still, there is optimism that the housing market is at the bottom and will gradually improve.
“If we can achieve a true soft landing [for the economy], which it looks like we might be able to pull off, then … rates will start to kind of slowly go down,” said John Toohig, the head of whole loan trading at Raymond James. “For the housing market, this is the bottom; we’ll get past this. But it’s not a slam dunk, don’t get me wrong. Nobody’s doing backflips here. Nobody’s doing high-fives. Nobody’s saying, “Hey, let’s break out the steaks and put away the hotdogs.” You know, it’s just incremental. … We need to see a 200 basis-points drop [in rates] before you see any meaningful refinance business.”
With the never-ending changes and challenges affecting the U.S. financial landscape, multiple community development entities are helping to counter some of their adverse effects by fostering community development initiatives.
Some examples include Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) and Community Development (CD) Banks. These play a significant role in promoting economic growth and inclusion for underserved communities.
This article thoroughly explores CDFIs and the institutions that support CDFIs, outlining their significance, objectives, and how they meet capacity building initiative requirements. We also highlight the federal government’s involvement, explaining its role evolution and the numerous related economic development activities available to those who need them.
What is a Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI)?
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are a type of financial institution that provides products and services to financially disadvantaged communities for economic development purposes.
They are essential and critical in promoting inclusion and economic growth to marginalized communities in urban and rural communities countrywide. Legislations like the Community Reinvestment Act help encourage these programs. However, the Community Reinvestment Act is not the only reason for their existence.
CDFI Certification
To become a CDFI, a financial institution must apply for a CDFI certification. This certification ensures that the institution can receive the right federal assistance resources and allows people to benefit from the CDFI fund’s programs.
How did the concept of CDFIs start?
The roots of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) extend to the 1880s, when minority-owned banks began serving economically disadvantaged communities. These organizations provided essential financial services to areas that mainstream financial institutions neglected or could not reach.
As the years progressed, new types of mission-driven financial institutions emerged. For example, the development of credit unions in the 1930s and 1940s offered alternatives to the traditional community bank that had limited services.
Moreover, new community development corporations emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, providing additional resources and support for underserved areas. These institutions gradually paved the way for the rise of nonprofit loan funds in the 1980s, establishing the groundwork for today’s modern CDFI model.
The Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 recognized the need to support the growing community development finance sector. With that in mind, it established the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI Fund). This fund aimed to promote economic revitalization and community development in low-income areas by investing in and providing assistance to CDFIs.
Since its inception, the CDFI Fund played a substantial role in the growth and impact of CDFIs, enabling them to serve the financial needs of economically disadvantaged communities and contribute to their overall development and prosperity.
Types of CDFIs
Currently, multiple types of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) exist, each catering to the unique needs and challenges economically disadvantaged communities face. We explore their types and roles below.
Community Development Banks
Community Development Banks are for-profit, federal government supported and regulated financial institutions. These institutions have a board of directors that includes community representatives. CD banks provide affordable banking services, loans, and other financial products to economically distressed and underserved communities.
Operating in these communities creates jobs, improves infrastructure, and promotes economic growth. They also help increase access to capital for small businesses, including affordable housing projects and community service facilities.
Community Development Credit Unions
Community Development Credit Unions (CDCUs) are nonprofit financial cooperatives owned and controlled by their members. As is the case with traditional credit unions, they provide financial services such as savings accounts, checking accounts, and loans.
CDCUs only cater to low-income and underserved communities, offering affordable rates and financial education programs to promote inclusion and help people build credit and assets. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), an independent federal agency, regulates these credit unions.
Community Development Loan Funds
Community Development Loan Funds, or CDLFs, are nonprofit entities that finance community development projects by offering loans and technical assistance to marginalized communities. They facilitate access to affordable housing, promote small businesses, and help establish community service facilities to sustain growth. They also serve as an alternative source of capital for those who cannot access traditional bank financing services by offering flexible terms and underwriting criteria.
Community Development Venture Capital Funds
Community Development Venture Capital Funds offer equity and debt-with-equity investments to small and medium-sized businesses in economically distressed areas. They can be for-profit corporations or nonprofit entities.
By offering long-term capital, they help businesses grow, create jobs, and foster innovation. They also provide technical assistance, mentoring, and business development support to maintain the long-term success of their portfolio companies.
Microenterprise Development Loan Funds
Microenterprise Development Loan Funds are loan funds that provide small-scale loans, or microloans, to entrepreneurs and small businesses that might not qualify for traditional financing. They offer small capital amounts that range from hundreds to a few thousand. These loan funds help low-income people, women, and minority entrepreneurs who need smaller loan amounts and more flexible terms.
Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Consortia
CDFI Consortia are collaborative networks of CDFIs that pool resources, experience, and capital to increase their impact on community development services. They can access larger funding opportunities and share best practices to serve their target communities by working together. They can also provide joint technical assistance and support services, helping to strengthen individual CDFIs that are part of the network.
Understanding Community Development Financial Institutions
The main goal of CDFI fund programs is to provide affordable loans, community development banking services, financial help, and technical assistance to low-income communities. They foster economic development and empower small business owners, minorities, and marginalized communities by offering access to investment capital and other resources with fewer demands than traditional finance institutions.
CDFIs differ from traditional financial institutions because they focus on community development and serving minority communities. They also collaborate with religious institutions, community service organizations, and rely on federal funding and agencies to address the needs of their target populations.
What’s the federal government’s role in CDFIs?
The Federal Reserve Bank supports CDFIs through various initiatives, tax credits, and programs. One such program is the CDFI Fund, which the U.S. Department of the Treasury administers. The CDFI Fund provides financial, technical, and other resources to CDFIs, casting a wider net to help low income people and communities access their services.
In addition to the CDFI Fund, the Federal Reserve Bank supports CDFIs through programs and training initiatives such as:
Bank Enterprise Award Program
Capital Magnet Fund
CDFI Bond Guarantee Program
CDFI Equitable Recovery Program
CDFI Program
Rapid Response Program
Native Initiatives
New Markets Tax Credit Program
Small Dollar Loan Program
These initiatives by the Federal Reserve Bank provide financial incentives and resources for CDFIs and community development entities to invest in eligible community projects, promote economic growth, and create jobs.
How has that federal role changed over time?
The federal government’s role in supporting the CDFI industry changes over time to respond to the changing needs of disadvantaged communities and the growing recognition of the importance of financial inclusion.
Early efforts, for example, provided seed capital and technical assistance to establish and grow CDFIs. With the maturation and evolution of the industry, the government started focusing on building capacity, collaboration, and supporting innovative endeavors.
Recent changes emphasize leveraging private sector investments, regulatory relief, and encouraging partnerships between the CDFI industry and other financial institutions. Examples include minority depository institutions (MDIs) and mainstream banks.
CDFIs’ Role in Financial Inclusion
Financial inclusion is an essential part of CDFI initiatives. Access to affordable financial products and services helps bridge the gap between poor communities and mainstream financial institutions. CDFIs also promote financial knowledge, support small businesses, finance affordable housing activities, and facilitate economic development initiatives.
CDFIs also ensure that economically distressed communities can access essential community services facilities like healthcare centers, schools, and childcare. Their work helps contribute to these communities’ overall well-being and stability. It creates a solid foundation for long-term economic growth.
Business Model
CDFI business models are unique in combining traditional financial services with a strong emphasis on developing and positively impacting the communities they cater to.
They generate revenue by collecting interest and fees on loans, investments, and other financial products. However, they also rely on grants, donations, and especially government funding like the CDFI fund to support their operations.
CDFIs collaborate with organizations like government agencies, nonprofits, and private sector partners to attain their goals. Additionally, they leverage tax credits, guarantees, and other financial tools to attract more investment capital and support their lending activities.
CDFIs Provide Opportunity for All
CDFIs provide real opportunities by addressing the financial needs of underserved communities to help them succeed and promote their economic growth. To do this, they offer access to affordable financial products and services to communities that experienced systematic lockouts from these programs.
By emphasizing their needs and giving them more accessible and affordable ways to prosper, low-income individuals and businesses have access to essential financial tools. These tools were traditionally out of reach for mainstream financial institutions.
Moreover, CDFIs support small businesses owned by women, minorities, and individuals in economically distressed communities. By offering tailored financing solutions, technical assistance, and business planning resources, CDFIs help these entrepreneurs overcome barriers to entry, create jobs, and contribute to local economies.
Another significant aspect of CDFIs’ work is their focus on affordable housing and community development projects. They finance the construction and rehabilitation of affordable housing units and invest in community facilities like schools, healthcare facilities, and childcare. These are essential to the well-being and stability of low-income communities and help them worry less about factors beyond their control or that are too expensive to access otherwise.
CDFIs also promote financial education and empowerment by providing resources and training to help people develop financial literacy skills, manage their finances, and build assets. These initiatives contribute to breaking the cycle of poverty and promoting economic self-sufficiency.
By partnering with various stakeholders, such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and private sector partners, CDFIs leverage resources and expertise to maximize their impact. This creates a ripple effect that extends beyond the immediate recipients, fostering inclusive and resilient communities.
Types of CDFIs
Many community development financial institutions focus on addressing the needs of economically disadvantaged communities. These include community development banks, credit unions, loan funds, and venture capital funds.
Federal agencies like the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) regulate community development banks and credit unions. They offer various banking services, from deposit accounts to loans, catering to low-income communities.
Loan funds make affordable housing possible, support small businesses, and help community facilities. On the other hand, venture capital funds offer equity investments that support small businesses and startups in underserved communities.
“Newer” CDFI Resources
As community development financial institutions evolve, multiple resources and programs are emerging to support their growth and impact. Examples include:
CDFIs as Capital Plus Institutions
Sometimes, community development financial institutions are called “Capital Plus” institutions. This is because they provide investment capital, development services, technical assistance, and financial education to support the long-term success of their clients.
This approach allows community development financial institutions to significantly impact low-income and economically distressed communities, promoting economic opportunity and inclusion.
Emergency Capital Investment Program (ECIP)
The Emergency Capital Investment Program (ECIP) is a federal initiative that provides capital to CDFIs and MDIs to support their lending activities after the economic challenges caused by COVID-19. This program helps ensure that these institutions have the resources to continue providing essential financial services to underserved communities, small businesses, and minority-owned businesses during times of crisis.
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF)
The Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) is another federal initiative that supports the lending activities of CDFIs and other financial institutions participating in the Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). By providing liquidity to these institutions, the PPPLF enables them to continue offering loans to small businesses needing financial assistance during challenging economic times.
CDFI Rapid Response Program
The Rapid Response Program from the CDFI Fund provides immediate financial assistance during crises or natural disasters. CDFIs can quickly access funds for disaster recovery, emergency relief efforts, and other needs, serving as “financial first responders” for the communities they support.
These newer resources and programs demonstrate how the federal government, private sector, and other stakeholders support the work of CDFIs and promote financial inclusion and economic opportunity. By leveraging these resources, CDFIs can better address the needs of low-income communities nationwide and foster economic development in urban and rural communities.
Many people hit a period of financial hardship at some point in their lives. Maybe there’s a medical emergency and big bills, a job layoff, or a family member in serious need: These and other scenarios can put your money management in a precarious position.
Approximately 70% of Americans report feeling stressed about money, according to a CNBC/Momentive survey. This can be centered on anything from living paycheck to paycheck to worrying about saving for one’s (and one’s family’s) future.
Here, you’ll learn more about what happens when financial hardship hits and how to take steps to improve the situation, from applying for assistance to negotiating with lenders to discovering new sources of income.
What is Financial Hardship?
Everyone probably has their own definition of “economic hardship” that’s based on their own needs and wants. And the federal government has its own criteria for what counts as a “hardship” when it comes to taking an IRA distribution, looking for tax relief, or requesting a student loan deferment.
But generally, a financial hardship is when an individual or family finds they can no longer keep up with their bills or pay for the basic things they need to get by, such as food, shelter, clothing and medical care.
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Warning Signs
Sometimes financial difficulties can sneak up on a person, and catch them completely off guard. And sometimes, the warning signs have been there for a while, but were missed or ignored.
Identifying the root cause of financial distress can help give you a head start on working through your money issues. Here are some red flags that might signal a person is headed for financial distress:
Having Credit Card Balances At or Above the Credit Limit
While using credit cards may seem like a good way to get around a short-term lack of funds, the practice could lead to extra fees and a lower credit score. The percentage of available credit someone is using — known as a credit utilization ratio — can indicate to lenders how heavily they’re depending on credit cards to get by. And because it’s one of the major factors in determining a person’s overall FICO score (a credit score lenders use to determine whether to extend credit to a borrower), financial advisors typically recommend keeping card balances at or below 30% of the limit.
Juggling Which Bills Get Paid Each Month
It may be tempting to skip a payment from time to time, hoping to catch up eventually — but there can be short- and long-term consequences for juggling bills. Insurance coverage may be lost. There may be a late fee, or a bill could be turned over to a collection agency.
Utilities can also be shut off, and a deposit might be required to restart the account. Making late payments on a credit card could lead to a higher interest rate on the account. And late payments and defaults can hurt credit scores.
Only Making Minimum Payments on Their Credit Cards
It may be necessary to make minimum payments if times are especially tight, and there likely won’t be any short-term harm. But even if the cardholder stops making purchases, just the interest charged will keep the account balance growing, possibly extending the amount of time it takes to pay down that debt by months or years.
Often Paying Late Fees or Overdraft Fees
A one-time mistake may serve as an annoying reminder to be more cautious with money management, but if late fees, overdraft and non-sufficient funds fees, and overdraft protection transfers become a regular thing, they can add another layer of worry to a person’s financial burden. (Using alerts, automatic payments, and apps from your financial institution may offer a more effective method to track bills as well as deposits and withdrawals.)
Having a High Debt-to-Income Ratio
Lenders often use a person’s debt-to-income ratio — a personal finance measure that compares the amount of debt you have to your income—to determine if a borrower might have trouble making payments. If a person’s debt-to-income ratio is high, it could make it more difficult to borrow money, or to get a good interest rate on a loan.
Tapping Retirement Savings to Pay Monthly Bills
In certain cases, the IRS will allow an account holder to withdraw funds from a 401(k) or IRA to cover an immediate and heavy financial need (such as medical expenses, payment to avoid eviction or repair home damage) without paying the 10% early withdrawal penalty. But taxes will still have to be paid on those distributions. And taking that money now, instead of letting it grow through the power of compound interest, could have serious repercussions for the future.
Dealing with Financial Hardship
For those who’ve been struggling for a while, or who’ve had a sudden but substantial financial loss, it might feel as though they’ll never recover. But there are several options those who are experiencing financial trouble might consider taking to get back on track. Some they can do for themselves, while others might require getting financial hardship help from others. And while some might be temporary, others take a longer view. Here are a few:
Reducing Monthly Spending
Creating a monthly budget can help individuals and families prioritize and guide their spending decisions. This may involve prioritizing your monthly expenses, starting with the essentials and going down to the “nice to haves.” Once you’ve established which expenses are the most important, you may then be able to look for places to cut back or cut out of your budget altogether. Cutkacks may not feel fun, but they can help jump-start your recovery.
For example, could you cut costs if you cooked meals yourself more often? Are you trying too hard to keep up with what friends and family are spending on clothes, vacations, and cars? Are there monthly bills that could be reduced (could you save money on streaming services, internet, and phone services; manicures and other beauty treatments; or even rent, insurance, or car payments)? It may help to start by tracking expenses for a month or so to get an idea of where money is going, and then sit down and map out a more realistic path for the future.
Creating a Debt Reduction Plan
Along with a budget, it also may be useful to come up with a plan for paying down credit card balances, student loans and other long-term debt. It’s important to always make the minimum payment on all these bills, if possible, but a personal debt reduction plan could help with prioritizing which bill any leftover money might go toward after all the household expenses are paid each month — or the money might come from a tax refund, bonus check from work, or a gift. Knocking down debts that include high amounts of interest can eventually free up more cash to put toward short- or long-term savings goals.
Looking for Ways to Earn Extra Income
Is there a way to turn a hobby, skill, or interest into some extra funds? Maybe a favorite local business could use some part-time help. Or, if a second job is out of the question, perhaps a side hustle with flexible hours is a possibility. Writers, artists, and designers, for example, may be able to turn their talents into a side business. Babysitting the neighbor’s kids or running errands for an older person are also options. And, of course, on-demand services like Uber and DoorDash are employing drivers, delivery persons, and other workers.
Considering a Loan to Consolidate Bills
Getting a personal loan for debt consolidation won’t make money problems go away completely—but it might make managing payments a little simpler. With just one monthly payment (instead of separate bills for every credit card or loan) it can be easier to keep tabs on how much is owed and when it’s due.
Because interest rates for personal loans are typically lower than the interest rates credit card companies offer (especially if a rate went up because of late payments), the payoff process for that debt could go faster and end up costing less. (Generally, lenders offer a lower interest rate to those who have a higher credit score, borrowers who are already behind on their bills may pay a higher interest rate or have more trouble getting a loan.)
Student loan borrowers also may want to look into consolidating and refinancing with a private lender to get one manageable payment and, possibly, save money on interest with a shorter term or a lower interest rate.
Refinancing may be a solution for working graduates who have high-interest, unsubsidized Direct Loans, Graduate PLUS loans, and/or private loans.
Federal loans carry some special benefits that private loans don’t offer, including public service forgiveness and economic hardship programs, so it’s important for borrowers to be clear on what they’re getting and what they might lose if they refinance.
Notifying and Negotiating
Ignoring credit card payments and other debts won’t make them disappear. Borrowers who can clearly see they’re headed for financial trouble may wish to notify their credit card company or lender and try to work out a more manageable payment arrangement. (There are debt settlement companies that will do the negotiating, but they charge a fee for their services.)
A credit card issuer may agree to a reduced, lump-sum payment or a repayment plan based on the borrower’s current income, or it may offer a hardship program with a lower interest rate, lower minimum payments, and/or reduced penalties and fees. The options available could depend on why a customer fell behind, or if they’ve had problems before.
Financial hardship assistance is sometimes offered by mortgage lenders. Because these lenders generally don’t want their borrowers to foreclose on their homes, it’s in their best interest to work with borrowers when they get in trouble. The lender may be willing to help the borrower get caught up by forgiving late payments, or they may change the interest rate of the loan or lower the payment.
If you have federal student loans and are experiencing financial hardship, you might qualify for a special repayment plan, such as pay-as-you-earn, or an income-based repayment plan.
It can also be helpful to reach out to service providers (such as water, electricity, internet) and let them know you are experiencing financial difficulties. Providers may be willing to work with you and you may be able to come to an agreement well before any shut-off actions go into effect. This can also save you from late fees, or going into collections.
Getting Financial Help
There are also a number of government programs designed specifically to help people overcome sudden financial hardships. Those who’ve lost a job may be entitled to unemployment benefits. If that job provided health insurance, you may want to look into COBRA to see if you can maintain affordable health insurance. Those who were injured at work may be entitled to workers’ compensation.
Also, some people facing financial hardship may qualify for state or federal benefits like Medicaid or Social Security Disability.
Though not free, a financial professional who specializes in planning, saving, and investing may be a worthwhile investment. He or she may be able to offer a fresh perspective and help create a path to financial freedom. There may also be free or low-cost debt counselors available via non-profit organizations.
Preparing for Current and Future Challenges
Once you’ve developed your personal plan for overcoming financial hardship, you can begin working on your goals of becoming more financially independent. If the cause of your hardship is temporary (you were out of work but quickly found a new job, for example), it may take just a few months to get back on your feet. If the problems are more difficult to overcome (you’ve lost income through a divorce, or you or a loved one has an ongoing medical condition that requires expensive treatment), the timeline could be much longer. Once you’ve put your plan in place, you may want to review it on a regular basis, and perhaps do some fine-tuning.
The Takeaway
Many people go through periods of financial hardship, and often for reasons that are beyond their control. But that doesn’t mean they are out of options. There are many simple and effective steps people can take. Cutting monthly expenses, consolidating debt, and getting outside assistance are moves that can help them get back on the right financial track.
Ready to get your finances organized? You also may find it easier to track expenses and stay on budget by separating your money into virtual buckets or “vaults.” SoFi Checking and Savings is an online account that features Vaults to allow members to set aside money for different financial goals, track their progress, as well as set up recurring monthly deposits. What’s more, a SoFi Checking and Savings account offers a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) and charges no account fees, plus you can spend and save in one convenient place.
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While there are a few different types of life insurance policies available, they fit into one of two umbrellas: term life and permanent life. Term life insurance is almost always cheaper than permanent life, as it provides coverage for a pre-established amount of time and lacks a cash value component. However, term life policies can be fitting for a variety of circumstances if the death benefit is only needed for a set number of years. Knowing how term policies work can empower you to make an informed decision when shopping for new coverage. Bankrate’s insurance editorial team breaks down term life insurance to help you better understand if this policy type is right for you.
Key takeaways
Term life insurance only stays in effect for a predetermined number of years —usually between 10 and 30 years — unlike permanent life policies.
Term policies are around three times cheaper than permanent life insurance, on average, because the chance of a payout on behalf of the policyholder is less likely.
99 percent of all term policies never pay a death benefit, because most term policyholders stop paying their premium, causing their policy to lapse.
If you want to see a return on payments towards a term life insurance policy, you may want to look into conversion riders or return-of-premium riders.
What is term life insurance?
Term life insurance is a type of life insurance policy that lasts for a predetermined number of years rather than your entire life. When purchasing a term life policy, you’ll choose a policy term, most commonly between 10 and 30 years.
To help understand how term life insurance works, imagine you purchase a 10-year term life insurance policy. During that decade, you would pay your monthly or annual premium on time. If you were to pass away within that 10-year period, your beneficiaries would receive the policy’s death benefit.
If the insured does not pass away within the policy term and the coverage expires, the policy would end and the beneficiaries would not receive a death benefit when the insured passes away. However, there are exceptions to this scenario. Many of the best life insurance companies offer specialized riders, like conversion and return-of-premium riders, that tweak the way term life insurance policies work. If you are purchasing term life insurance, you may want to speak with your agent about what riders are available for your specific policy.
Typically cheaper than permanent life insurance
No cash value component or investment potential to build wealth
Conversion and return-of-premium riders may add flexibility and peace of mind
Only covers a specified time period
Gives families the ability to cover significant financial liabilities that will eventually expire after a set period of time, such as mortgages and tuition
Sunk cost if you outlive the policy
Advantages of term life insurance policies
When choosing life insurance, it’s important to know how term and whole life insurance policies compare. Term life insurance has a couple of key advantages that make it an attractive option for those who need a larger death benefit for a specific period of time. It is typically the cheapest type of life insurance, especially for younger people or new parents. The larger death benefit at a reasonable price can provide for children dependents if something happens to the parent(s) earlier than anticipated.
Many financial planners encourage people who buy term life insurance to invest the money saved from not purchasing more expensive permanent life insurance. For policies with level premiums, the cost will not increase with age for the policy’s life as it does with some other life insurance options.
Learn more: Compare life insurance quotes
Disadvantages of term life insurance policies
Term life insurance does have a few limitations to keep in mind. For example, term life insurance policies pay out a death benefit when the insured passes away, but these policies do not include a cash value account. Whole life insurance policies, on the other hand, typically include a cash value account that may accumulate limited interest and capped returns. Some permanent life insurance policyholders use their cash value accounts to build wealth, but that option does not exist with a term life policy.
Another potential downside to having a term life insurance policy is that it only remains in effect for a certain period of time. Because policyholders can outlive their policies, there’s a chance that the death benefit will never be paid out. In fact, a study done by Penn State University indicates that 99 percent of all term policies never pay out a death benefit. However, that’s because most term policyholders don’t pay their premiums and let their policies lapse, not because they outlive the policy term, according to Entrepreneur.
Learn more: Best term life insurance companies
Types of term life insurance
There are several different term life insurance options, and some offer more guarantees than others. Usually, the more guarantees the policy offers, the more expensive the policy is. Here is a breakdown of the major types of term life insurance policies:
Level term insurance: Both the premiums and the death benefit remain constant over the policy’s life with this form of term coverage. Level term insurance usually lasts for anywhere from 10 to 30 years.
Decreasing term insurance: This type of term insurance, usually used to cover a shrinking debt such as a mortgage, is typically less expensive because the death benefit slowly decreases over time.
Guaranteed renewable term insurance: This type of term coverage allows the policyholder to renew the policy at the end of the term without having to undergo a medical exam or prove insurability again. It is generally more expensive overall, and it is important to note that the policy premiums will still increase with each successive term. A yearly renewable term is a form of guaranteed renewable term coverage.
Convertible term insurance: If you purchase a conversion rider and outlive your policy term, your coverage would turn into a permanent life insurance policy. Typically, you will not have to undergo another medical exam during policy conversion. Keep in mind that your premium or death benefit amount will change based on your age at the time of conversion. For example, if you wish to continue paying around the same premium, your death benefit would decrease, whereas you’d pay more to maintain around the same death benefit.
Return-of-premium term insurance: Some policyholders may be worried about signing up for a term policy, outliving their term and “wasting” the premiums they paid over the course of the policy term. This specialized rider provides a partial or full refund if you outlive the policy term. However, the rider will cost you extra during the policy term.
Riders for term life insurance
A standard term life insurance policy may not cover certain events such as critical illnesses, financial protection for your loved ones after you pass, and more. A rider, also referred to as an endorsement, is an optional type of life insurance coverage that can be added to your existing policy. It can be beneficial to add a rider to cover some of the gaps in coverage in a term life insurance policy. Here are three riders that are available for term life insurance:
Child term rider: This is only available for term life insurance policies. A child term rider provides coverage if your child passes away before a certain age and would pay out a death benefit. Additionally, this rider enables the term policy to be converted to a permanent policy without needing a medical exam.
Return of premium rider: For an additional fee, this rider ensures you receive back the money you paid into the policy if you don’t pass within the policy’s term. If the policyholder passes away before then, the money would be paid to the beneficiaries listed as normal.
Waiver of premium rider: If you become critically ill, injured or disabled and cannot go to work, a waiver of premium enables you to pause your monthly premium until you’re able to go back to work. However, qualifying scenarios are determined by the particular insurer. Additionally, with this rider you are typically only covered up to a certain age — usually your retirement age.
How much does term life insurance cost?
Term life insurance premiums are calculated based on the age and health of applicants. Because of this, pricing for a term life insurance policy varies but is typically significantly cheaper for younger applicants. Keep in mind that age and health are the main determinants of your premium, though you may still see some variance if you get quotes from multiple life insurers.
Comparing life insurance companies may be most helpful when you focus on what type of policy riders are available, how positive the customer satisfaction may be or what the insurer’s financial strength ratings are compared to other insurers.
Learn more: Affordable life insurance companies
Will I get my money back at the end of my term?
Unless you purchase a return-of-premium term life insurance policy, you will not get any money back at the end of the term. Paying premiums without receiving a death benefit is one of the potential disadvantages of purchasing term life insurance. A return-of-premium rider would increase the cost of your term life insurance, but would allow you to recoup a portion or all of your paid premiums. If you want to receive money back in the event that you outlive your policy term, you may want to discuss this option with your life insurance agent.
How much term life insurance do I need?
Deciding how much term life insurance you need hinges on your financial goals and specific situation. For instance, a parent of a young child may want to purchase a life insurance policy with a 15-year term. A term of this length could make the most sense as it could ensure that their child will be financially secure if the parent passes away while the policy is in place.
On the other hand, a childless couple with 10 years left on their mortgage may only want a term life insurance policy to be active while they are still paying off their home.
Some other factors to consider when determining your life insurance coverage needs include:
What is your yearly income and what are your expenses? How much room do you have in your budget for life insurance?
Are you the sole breadwinner? If not, does your spouse or partner make enough to cover your family’s current and future expenses if you aren’t there?
How many children do you have, and what are their ages? Do you plan to cover their higher education costs?
Are you a caretaker for any disabled family members?
Do you have a mortgage or other debts? If so, how many years will it take to be debt free?
How much financial help would your spouse need to keep your home afloat if you passed away?
It’s essential to consider your coverage needs to keep your life insurance premium within budget. If you carry too much coverage, you could find it challenging to keep up with your life insurance bill, putting yourself at risk of policy cancellation. If you don’t have enough coverage, your beneficiaries may struggle financially after your death. A life insurance calculator can help guide you on your life insurance shopping journey, as can a consultation with a certified financial planner.
Frequently asked questions
At the end of a term life insurance policy’s term, most plans will expire; however, policyholders may have the option to either renew the policy for a predetermined term of their choosing or convert the policy to a permanent plan, if they have elected these options at the onset of their policy. While letting the plan expire in most term policies means losing the money paid into premiums, some providers offer “return-of-premium” options that allow people to pay higher premiums in exchange for the option to have some or all premium payments returned if they outlive their term.
While it is possible to take out a life insurance policy on someone else, there are some stipulations. For instance, there must be insurable interest between the person purchasing the policy and the person being insured, such as business partners, spouses, parents or children. The person purchasing the policy must prove that the death of the insured person would have an adverse financial impact on them. Additionally, the insured person would also need to provide their consent, as you cannot take out a policy on someone without their knowledge or agreement.
Choosing a life insurance beneficiary is a personal choice. Many choose spouses, children, parents or a trust for the benefit of a family member to be their life insurance beneficiaries, but no rules dictate that these are your only options. Your life insurance beneficiary doesn’t have to be a person at all — you can choose to list a church or charity as your beneficiary if you wish. One of the most important things when selecting a life insurance beneficiary is remembering to do it. Forgetting to name a life insurance beneficiary can cause financial hardship for the person (or people) you thought would be collecting your death benefit.
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Rutherford / Cannon County, TN – WGNS has an update from FEMA and the Small Business Administration about assistance that is available for home and business owners that suffered any damage caused by storms on March 31 and April 1, 2023.
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If you filed an application for assistance with FEMA to receive financial help, they’ll send a FEMA Home Inspector to your property. Media Relations Specialist Kim Keblish said to make sure you verify the inspector is with FEMA…
In addition to the low interest loan rate, there is a secondary perk to receiving an SBA loan. That perk comes in the form of a 12-month 0% interest deferment program. Adera explained…FEMA and / or SBA websites – or you can visit the Rutherford County Courthouse where SBA officials are temporarily stationed. The SBA has also set up an office in the same building as FEMA officials in Woodbury at the East Side Elementary School at 5658 McMinville HWY.
Again, to apply for FEMA assistance if damage was caused to your home during the storms that hit Rutherford and Cannon Counties on March 31, 2023 or April 1, 2023, you can visit the disaster recovery center in Cannon County. You can receive in-person support from a FEMA specialist or from a SBA specialist. The SBA officials can help you in-person at East Side Elementary School in Woodbury (5658 McMinville HWY in Woodbury.) They are open Mon. – Sat. From 7AM to 7PM and Sunday from 1PM to 7PM.
There is also a temporary disaster recovery center in Macon County, TN. It is at the 911Call Center (898 TB-52 Scenic Route in Laveyette, TN).Because it is a temporary center, it is only open now through Sunday, April 30th. On Friday or Saturday, it is open from 8AM to 7PM and on Sunday from 1PM to 4PM.
FRAUD: If you suspect fraud from someone impersonating a FEMA worker, call the FEMA Disaster Fraud Hotline at 866-720-5721. FEMA suggests, you should also contact local law enforcement.
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More News from FEMA – Debris Removal: Debris removal from private property is the responsibility of property owners and is usually ineligible for reimbursement under FEMA’s Public Assistance Program. Sometimes, FEMA may determine that debris removal from private property is eligible for program funding. But there are factors that affect that decision. Those factors are based on the severity of the disaster and whether debris on private property is so widespread that it threatens public health and safety or the economic recovery of the community. In such cases, FEMA works with state and local governments to designate specific areas where debris removal from private property is eligible for funding. In those cases, debris removal must be in the public interest, not merely benefiting an individual or a limited group of individuals.
Removing debris can be a challenging job for residents, business owners and governments. Owners may remove debris themselves or get help from insurance settlements and/or assistance from citizen volunteers, the private sector and voluntary organizations. Often, local or state governments dispose of disaster-related debris that private property owners place at the curb for pickup on a scheduled date.
Tips for cleaning up debris on private property (Below)
Stay safe. Wear protective gear such as gloves and masks when handling debris. Contact your local emergency manager if your property is littered with storm-related debris that poses a threat to public health or safety and must be removed. Emergency managers know which government agency to contact about having hazardous debris removed. As you clear debris, look carefully for any visible cables. If you see any cables, wait for professionals to handle them.
Toxic substances. If you suspect the debris contains dangerous ingredients, seal them in plastic bags to prevent them from becoming airborne. Never burn debris; it can be toxic.
Contact your insurance company early to file a claim. Photograph/videotape the damage and debris and keep all receipts for the work performed.
Check with local officials before placing debris for collection to determine where and when pickups will be conducted.
Separate debris into six categories when disposing along the curb:
Electronics (such as televisions, computers, phones)
Large appliances (such as refrigerators, washers, dryers, stoves or dishwashers. Be sure to seal or secure the doors so they are not accessible)
Vegetative debris (such as tree branches, leaves or plants)
Construction debris (such as drywall, lumber, carpet or furniture)
Household garbage, discarded food, paper or packaging
Place debris away from trees, poles or structures including fire hydrants and meters.
Don’t block the roadway with debris.
For the latest information on Tennessee’s recovery from the severe storms, straight-line winds and tornadoes, visit FEMA.gov/Disaster/4701. You may also follow TN.gov/TEMA; Twitter.com/TEMA, Facebook.com/TNDisasterInfo, @FEMARegion4/Twitter and Facebook.com/FEMA.
It’s a common refrain that today’s college graduates are entering into the worst job market and economy since Hoover was around. We’re told that an undergraduate degree means less than what a high school diploma once was, yet we’re investing more in school than ever before. Post college debt is a major emotional weight on the backs of this newest generation, and colleges encourage debt with ease â don’t worry about it; you don’t have to pay it off until after you’ve graduated and have a well-paying job.
We’re sold on it and it’s a hard sell, not only by schools, but by the banks’ ad dollars, as well. Previous generations didn’t start life with so much debt, and in the middle of a job-killing recession no less. You probably aren’t going to pay off that kind of debt waiting tables. Realize that college debt most likely means postponing life goals such as mortgage, car, marriage, and maybe even children.
Good-to-know facts about college debt
How big of a problem is the cost of college? Consider the following: </