Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac jointly announced this week that they have entered a new critical edit phase for their Uniform Closing Dataset (UCD) as of Nov. 6, informing lenders that they must address quality issues for “fatal data points” before delivering loans to either of the government-sponsored enterprises.
The UCD is a reference file that lenders use to share key information about a mortgage loan with organizations like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, particularly about the Closing Disclosure (CD) that outlines the final details of a mortgage loan.
To “improve data quality and consistency for single-family loans that the GSEs purchase,” the GSEs announced in August of 2020 that they would begin “a multi-year transition to convert certain edits in their UCD collection solutions from ‘warning’ to ‘critical / fatal.’ The transition is designed to enhance data quality and consistency for single-family loans the GSEs purchase.”
Phase three of the edits was slated to begin in May 2023, but in April was split into two subsets to give lenders “additional time to work with your software provider and analyze your data to resolve high-firing phase three edits.”
An implementation guide released in May 2022 shows that phase three deals with information related to loan costs; other costs; total closing costs; and lender credits.
The GSEs are actively preparing for the next phase of UCD critical edits, phase four. Updated requirements for this phase’s critical edits are expected to be included in the UCD Specification update which is expected sometime in 2024, though a date has not yet been finalized according to the GSEs.
The GSEs are advising lenders and technology partners to anticipate a transition period similar to that of phase three, with the GSEs emphasizing the need for “proactive compliance.”
The mortgage industry has pushed back on the GSEs for the rise in loan buyback requests from loans originated during the pandemic. FHFA Director Sandra Thompson last month said the agency is working to provide more clarity on its framework and use alternatives amid the spike in loan buybacks.
When students take a gap year, they typically take a semester or year off between high school and college in order to take advantage of experiential learning. While extraordinary opportunities may be awaiting you, you may struggle to think of ways to pay for the experience.
If that’s the case, there are options that may help you pay for your gap year — beyond funding the costs out of pocket. Continue reading for more information on options you may want to consider should you find yourself in need of help funding your non-classroom experience.
Gap Year, Explained
First of all, what is a gap year and why do people take them?
Students may choose to take a semester or year off with the goal of getting a break from academics and prior to diving into postsecondary education. Students may choose to complete an internship, travel, study on their own, volunteer, or pursue other interests. Some students choose to pursue a gap year with the intention of discovering what it is that they want to major in or the career path they’d like to pursue.
Many students report a developed self- and cultural awareness, increased independence, and confidence after taking a gap year.
Students may choose to apply to colleges and universities during their senior year (and let colleges know of their plans to take a gap year), during their gap year or after they’ve completed their gap year. Waiting until later often gives them the advantage of being able to report on what they’ve learned during their time away from academics.
In some instances, a gap year may also be something for a student to do after college or in-between college and post-graduate study.
Planning Out Your Gap Year
It’s important to plan out your gap year ahead of time so you have a plan for how you’ll spend your time. It can be easy to waste time when you break from a traditional schedule. Having a plan ensures that you’ll have a better chance of achieving your goals — you might even curb expenses as well.
It may be helpful to break your plan down into measurable goals. For example, if you plan to travel, write down where you’d like to be on specific dates so you don’t miss any of your intended milestones. It’s also a good idea to budget for your gap year ahead of time so you know how much it will cost and the amount you’ll need per week or month to live on.
Options for Financing Your Gap Year
You can always finance your gap year with cash you or your parents have saved or with money from a well-meaning grandparent. However, not everyone has cash bankrolling their gap year. Let’s take a look at a few ways you may want to consider financing your gap year.
Gap Year Scholarship or Grant
A private entity may offer you a gap year grant or scholarship. A scholarship is free money that you don’t have to pay back that can come from a wide variety of entities, including clubs, organizations, foundations, charities, businesses, the government and individuals. It’s possible to find scholarships specifically for gap years, particularly for students who want to volunteer, improve certain skills, volunteer, develop a talent, or complete another type of experiential learning.
Grants are also a form of financial aid that doesn’t have to be repaid. Grants may also help you fund your gap year without having to repay the money. However, it’s important to check into the fine print on both college grants and scholarships to ensure that you fit the criteria. (Some scholarships and grants require you to get college credit in order to qualify.)
529 Account or College Savings
If you or your parents have college savings set aside in a brokerage account, savings or checking account, or a certificate of deposit (CD), you may want to use this money to pay for gap year expenses.
A 529 plan is an investment account that offers investment opportunities and tax advantages when used to pay for qualified education expenses. You may take withdrawals from a 529 plan to pay for qualified educational expenses for tuition, room, board, fees, books, equipment for classes, and other supplies at an accredited institution. If you meet these requirements, you won’t pay federal income tax.
However, if you spend the money on an expense that doesn’t qualify as a higher education cost (such as your plane ticket to go overseas). Be careful when using your 529 savings unless you’re attending a specific program through an accredited institution.
Find a Paid Internship or Part-Time Job
Obtaining a paid internship or part-time job can help you float some or all of the expenses of a gap year. For example, if you plan to spend your year volunteering at soup kitchens throughout a major city, a part-time job may help you pay for transportation to get there and also other living expenses. On the other hand, if you intend to use your gap year to gain work experience to discover your career goals, a paid internship may help you take care of all of your living expenses.
Recommended: Jobs to Help Pay for School Expenses
Apply for Financial Aid
Financial aid can refer to a wide range of types of money to pay for credits at college or career school.
Some gap year programs offer college credit, so you may be able to apply for federal financial aid using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). The FAFSA can give you access to grants, federal student loans, and other opportunities.
While you may have never had any intention of taking college credit during a gap year (you may feel that it defeats the purpose of a gap year!) but taking a college-credit class or two as part of your experience or doing a credit-based gap year program may help cover some of your costs.
Personal Loans
Taking out a personal loan involves borrowing money from a bank, online lender, or credit union that you repay in fixed installments. Personal loans are not backed by collateral, which also means they are called unsecured loans. (Secured loans, on the other hand, are backed by collateral, such as a house.) Personal loans often carry higher interest rates than some other types of loans. It may be difficult for someone to get a personal loan without a cosigner if they don’t have a long history of building credit.
It’s a good idea to be careful about taking out a personal loan due to these higher interest rates and having to bring a cosigner on board. That cosigner could end up paying for your loan if you default on the loan and ultimately, it could affect both of your credit scores.
Using Private Student Loans to Finance Gap Year
Private student loans are student loans that come from a bank, credit union, or other private lender. You probably cannot use private student loans to finance your time off from school if you plan to backpack across Europe, but if you do take a few classes as part of a gap year program, you may be able to use private loans to cover your costs. Check with lenders about their requirements before you apply and whether or not a particular program will qualify.
The Takeaway
A gap year can help “gappers” explore career goals, develop confidence, volunteer, and more. If you’re thinking carefully about a gap year, you also might be worried about the cost of taking that time off. Consider putting together a list of costs, goals, and plans so you can make sure that your gap year goes off without a hitch. From there, you can start planning how you’ll cover your expenses during your time away from the classroom.
Finally, don’t forget that you can always put together a combination of sources of funding. For example, you can pay for your gap year with a combination of scholarships, money saved, and internship money.
3 Student Loan Tips
Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate.
Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too. You can submit it as early as Oct. 1.
It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.
SoFi private student loans offer competitive interest rates for qualifying borrowers, flexible repayment plans, and no fees.
FAQ
How much should I budget for a gap year?
The amount you should budget for a gap year depends on your personal circumstances. It also depends on what you plan to do. Living at home with your parents and volunteering in your community will likely cost less than hopping on a plane and spending a year abroad. No matter what your plan, it’s best to get an estimate of your expenses ahead of time and then use that as a basis for your budget throughout your gap year.
How can I get funding for a gap year?
There are many ways to get funding for a gap year. Depending on your situation and circumstances, you may consider tapping into scholarships, grants, a 529 account, college savings, through a paid internship or part-time job, financial aid, personal loans or private student loans. There’s no single way to fund your gap year, and you may also want to consider a combination of different sources to pay for it.
How long should a gap year be?
A gap year can be any length of time, but they typically last between two weeks and one year.
Photo credit: iStock/Pekic
SoFi Private Student Loans Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.
SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.
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Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) accounts leverage a network of banks to provide extra Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. coverage for your deposits. Rather than the standard $250,000 per depositor, per institution offered by the FDIC, ICS accounts can protect millions of dollars.
If your business has a large operating budget or cash reserves, a sweep account can offer peace of mind and convenience. Instead of opening and managing multiple business bank accounts — at multiple financial institutions — to ensure your funds are fully protected, you can unlock up to $150 million in FDIC coverage with an ICS account while still dealing with one primary bank (though many financial institutions cap ICS coverage to between $2 and $10 million).
🤓Nerdy Tip
Even if you use a sweep account, NerdWallet still recommends using separate banks for your main operating account, payroll account and emergency fund. This minimizes potential disruption to your business if your account is frozen or closed, or if one of your primary banks fails.
Sweep accounts can have a few potential drawbacks, though, including additional fees and delayed access to funds. Compare Insured Cash Sweep accounts across multiple business banks to find the best option for your small business.
Looking for a business checking account?
See our overall favorites, or choose your business type to find the best options for you.
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How Insured Cash Sweep accounts work
1. Find a participating institution. Sweep accounts are typically only available at banks that are part of the IntraFi network, which includes nearly 3,000 local, regional and national FDIC-insured banks. Several online banks, including Axos, Grasshopper and Live Oak, are also members of the IntraFi network. And some neobanks — financial technology companies that offer banking services — partner with FDIC-insured banks that are part of the network.
2. Opt in to sweep services. You usually have to opt in to a sweep account, though Bluevine Business Checking and some other accounts offer ICS accounts as the default option. Either way, you’ll sign an agreement when you open your ICS account that allows the bank to move your money to other partner banks. Keep in mind that sweep accounts may have additional fees.
3. Choose your sweep preferences. You can typically select between two sweep options: demand or savings. Demand accounts allow for unlimited withdrawals, whereas savings sweep accounts place funds in money market accounts that cap withdrawals (often at six per month) but often offer a better interest rate. Demand accounts are best for operational funds that you need to draw on regularly, while savings sweep accounts are better suited for emergency savings and cash reserves.
Some banks also offer a third sweep option — Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service or CDARS — which places funds into business certificates of deposit. These accounts typically have a higher, fixed interest rate, but you’ll pay a penalty if you withdraw funds before the CD term matures. Your sweep account options may vary from one financial institution to the next.
4. Let the account do its work. Your Insured Cash Sweep account will distribute your funds across a network of partner banks behind the scenes per your preferences. No bank account will have more than $250,000 within it — the maximum covered by FDIC insurance at one financial institution.
5. Access funds as usual. Despite having funds spread across potentially dozens of banks, you’ll still only deal with one financial provider and be able to see and access all of your funds through that primary bank. Large withdrawals could be delayed a day or two depending on the amount needed, with CDARS funds likely locked up even longer in line with the CD’s term.
Benefits of an Insured Cash Sweep account
Unlock millions in FDIC insurance. The FDIC insures up to $250,000 per depositor, per institution and per ownership category, which is likely sufficient for many small businesses. But companies with larger operating budgets may be exposed if their bank fails. Insured Cash Sweep accounts offer a solution by placing your deposits, in $250,000 increments, across a network of FDIC-insured banks. Combined, those partner banks can provide several million dollars in FDIC coverage.
Manage funds through one account. Business owners may want multiple business bank accounts to protect themselves from unexpected interruptions like an account freeze. But if you’re manually spreading opening and managing accounts across dozens of financial institutions just to ensure FDIC coverage, Insured Cash Sweep accounts simplify the process. Account holders open an account through one primary bank that acts as a custodian and automatically moves money to partner banks so that you don’t exceed $250,000 (principal and interest) at any one bank.
Drawbacks of an Insured Cash Sweep account
Additional fees apply to some sweep accounts. Sweep accounts require some additional overhead for financial institutions, and that cost may be passed down to account holders. Some ICS accounts charge a monthly fee, while others simply take a portion of the interest earned on your sweep account.
You may not earn interest on your full deposit (or at all). If your business has millions of dollars in deposits, ideally you’re putting it to work in a high-yield account. While most ICS accounts earn interest, some pay lower rates or cap what you can earn.
Bluevine Business Checking, for example, offers up to $3 million in FDIC insurance coverage through its sweep account. But you only earn interest (2.00% APY) on balances up to and including $250,000. And Mercury’s Business Bank Account, which is eligible for up to $5 million in FDIC insurance coverage, does not earn any interest.
Business bank accounts with sweep options
Looking for a business bank that offers Insured Cash Sweep accounts? Here are a few options:
You can also explore other banks that are part of the IntraFi network on its website.
If sky-high house prices and mortgage rates have made you hit pause on your home buying plans, you may want to think again, or so says personal finance personality Dave Ramsey.
The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate increased to 7.79% last week — up from the prior week’s average of 7.63% — and hitting (another) highest level since 2000. At the same time, house prices continue to rise, primarily due to low inventory.
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“[House] prices aren’t going to go anywhere but up, even with interest rates going up,” Ramsey said on a recent episode of “FOX & Friends.”
“The housing market is just stalled and, man, we’ve got Bloody Sunday with the student loans kicking back in [as of Oct. 1] and Christmas is bearing down on us so it is time to get on a budget and get on a plan.”
With that in mind, Ramsey says you shouldn’t sit back and wait for conditions to improve — reminding potential buyers that you can always refinance your home loan to get a better rate down the road. In fact, if you meet two criteria — “you’re out of debt and you’ve got your emergency fund” — Ramsey suggests going for it now.
Here’s how you can hit Ramsey’s critical financial conditions to buy your dream home — plus some other ways to invest in real estate while dodging housing market headwinds.
Become debt free
Ramsey was joined on “FOX & Friends” by his “The Ramsey Show” co-host George Kamel, who backed Ramsey’s bold housing call and mirrored his advice around becoming debt free.
“If you’re a millennial or you’re Gen Z, you’re feeling hopeless right now, you’re feeling cynical,” says Kamel. “Your parents are saying: ‘You’re throwing away money on rent, get a house, get a house, get a house’ — and you’re broke.
“You’ve got to have some patience because rent and mortgages are not apples to apples,” Kamel said, adding buying a home also comes with taxes and insurance — and in some cases, homeowners’ association fees and private mortgage insurance. All those expenses can add up, which is why the Ramsey camp argues it’s important to ensure you’re debt free with an emergency fund established before making an offer.
There are many different ways to handle debt, but in his well-known seven “baby steps” to financial success, Ramsey advocates for the snowball method. With this strategy, you pay off the smallest debt (or account with the lowest balance) first and make only minimum payments on all of your other outstanding debts. Once you’ve paid off your smallest debt, you move on to the next smallest debt, and so on.
But how much interest you end up paying on your debt is an important factor. If you’ve got a pile of high-interest debt on your credit card or your car loan, you could fall behind on your payments, be subject to financial penalties and your balance can quickly spiral out of control, making it even harder to get debt free. For you, it might make more sense to use the “avalanche method” of debt repayment, where you tackle the loan with the highest interest rate first and go from there.
Regardless, to succeed in this journey, you’ll need to stick to a budget that breaks down your monthly income into necessities, wants, savings and debt repayments.
Read more: Thanks to Jeff Bezos, you can now use $100 to cash in on prime real estate — without the headache of being a landlord. Here’s how
Build an emergency fund
Ramsey believes every adult American should have at least $1,000 set aside to cover life’s inevitable surprises, like you’re suddenly slapped with a big medical bill or your car breaks down. That back-up fund will stop you from falling into financial distress.
But that’s just meant to get you started. Once you’ve paid down your debts, Ramsey suggests revisiting your emergency fund to set aside three to six months worth of living expenses — including your rent or mortgage, other loan repayments, grocery and energy bills and other regular expenditures — to cover larger surprises like a job layoff or a long hospital stay.
Wherever you are on your savings journey, you might consider stashing some cash in a high-yield savings account (HYSA). With an HYSA, you could earn more interest on your money and benefit from greater compound growth than you would with a traditional savings or checking account.
You may also want to consider using other high-yield savings products like money market deposit accounts (MMDA) or a certificate of deposit (CD) to make the most of the current high interest rates. But remember that banks and credit unions will often charge an early withdrawal penalty for taking money out of a CD before its maturity date.
Other real estate options
Once you’ve hit those two financial milestones — paying down your debt and building an emergency fund — then Ramsey says you should go ahead and buy a house (if that’s what you want to do). But if you’re unconvinced, there are other ways to get a foothold in the real estate market without dealing with the extensive costs of homeownership.
For instance, you may want to consider putting your money in a real estate investment trust (REIT), which are publicly-traded companies that collect rent from tenants and pass that rent to shareholders in the form of regular dividend payments.
There are also online crowdfunding platforms that allow everyday investors to pool their money to purchase property (or a share of property) as a group.
If you don’t want to make investment decisions on your own, some new online platforms can even help you invest in diversified real estate portfolios that will maximize your returns while keeping your fees low.
What to read next
This article provides information only and should not be construed as advice. It is provided without warranty of any kind.
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Interest rates on certificates of deposit play an important role for some savers. CDs’ fixed rates can offer guaranteed returns for terms of several months or years. And locking in a high CD rate can mean earning strong yields even if the economy enters a low-rate environment. Here’s an overview of where CD rates might be headed.
Are CD rates going up?
Yes, but CD rates are rising more slowly this year than in 2022. Here’s a quick comparison: From January to October 2022, the best one-year CD rates rose from around 0.50% annual percentage yields to 3% APY. But from January to October 2023, the top one-year CD rates climbed from mid-4% APY to mid-5% APY, according to a NerdWallet analysis. Despite the slowdown, these rates are some of the highest in more than a decade.
Bread Savings™️ CD
Term
1 year
Barclays Online CD
Term
1 year
Discover Bank CD
Term
1 year
A big reason for the current rising-rate environment is the frequency with which the Federal Reserve has increased its federal funds rate. The Fed pushes up the target range of this Fed rate, which is the interest rate banks use to borrow money from each other, as one tool to curb inflation. Since March 2022, the Fed has raised its rate 11 times, with more increases in 2022 than in 2023. The last increase occurred after the Fed’s July 25-26 meeting
.
Banks generally adjust their rates on new CDs in the same direction as Fed rate changes. Credit unions — the not-for-profit equivalent to banks — similarly raise rates on their CDs, known as share certificates.
“Rates are going up, but for CDs, [they’re] going up faster for credit unions than at banks,” says Dawit Kebede, senior economist at Credit Union National Association.
CD rate trends
High-yield CDs tend to be at online banks and online credit unions, which have rates that are whole percentages higher than national average CD rates. For example, the national averages are 1.79% for one-year CDs and 1.38% for five-year CDs. Top one-year yields are above 5%, and the best five-year CD rates are closer to 4%.
Short-term CD rates remain higher than long-term rates, for national averages and among high-yield CDs, according to a NerdWallet analysis. This phenomenon, known as as an inverted yield curve, can reflect that banks expect that future interest rates are headed downward.
CD rate forecast: 2023-2024
The Fed meets two more times this year: Oct. 31-Nov. 1, and Dec. 12-13. The likelihood of the Fed raising its rate in November is very low, but nearly one in four projections suggest that the December meeting will likely end in a small increase of 25 basis points, or 0.25 percentage point, according to the CME FedWatch Tool on October 24. CD rates may see a slight bump if the Fed pursues that increase, though it’s up to each bank and credit union as they consider rate changes to attract more deposits.
But 2024 might be the year that rates start to fall. The Fed’s fight against inflation is more likely to end in what’s known as a soft landing instead of a recession in 2024, according to a September forecast from the American Bankers Association’s Economic Advisory Committee. The committee consists of chief economists from some of the largest U.S. banks
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“If we have a soft landing scenario, where there is no significant damage to the economy, there is no reason for the Federal Reserve to keep rates up [at] a very restrictive range,” says CUNA economist Kebede, referring to the Fed rate’s target range. “By mid-next year, we may be closer to [the] inflation target, and then maybe the Fed will start cutting rates after that,” he says, noting that the direction of inflation or the labor market can affect this projection.
When the Fed rate drops, CD rates will likely drop too. But the drops might not be as drastic as they were after March 2020, when the Fed cut its rate to nearly zero. The Fed rate may drop more gradually over the next few years, according to the Fed’s September economic projections
.
Take advantage of today’s CD rates
Lock in CD rates sooner than later. CDs are typically best for specific goals, such as protecting some savings from inflation’s effects or earmarking a fixed sum for a large purchase within five years, such as a car or house.
Don’t forget about specialty CDs. If you’re unsure about getting a CD now, some types of CDs offer flexibility. Bump-up CDs allow you to increase the rate at least once during a CD term, as long as rates on new CDs go up. No-penalty CDs give you a fixed rate plus the opportunity to jump ship for free.
Consider a CD ladder to hedge your bets. A CD ladder strategy reduces the stress around timing your CDs. Split up an investment equally into several CDs of different term lengths, such as one year, two years and three years. When each CD matures, reinvest in a longer-term CD or, if you need the cash, withdraw. Ideally, though, you can have multiple long-term CDs that mature at staggered intervals. You mix short-term CD access with long-term rates.
Compare other short-term ways to save and invest. For more everyday savings with the same low risks as CDs, consider a high-yield savings account or money market account, which have top rates above 5% APY. Or, if you’re looking to invest, consider more ways to invest your savings.
Wouldn’t it be great if we all had a crystal ball that told us what the interest rate environment would do? We could figure out the best time to get a mortgage or the best time to buy a car. And of course, we would know exactly when to put all of our money into certificates of deposit (CDs) to maximize our yield.Unfortunately, that isn’t the case. Nobody knows what interest rates are going to do in the future — not even the people in charge of setting benchmark interest rates. However, we can use the latest economic projections to consider the most likely scenario and what else could happen instead. So here’s what we know (and don’t know) about what CD yields will do in 2024.Where do CD yields come from?The short explanation is that CD rates are a combination of three main factors:The current interest rate environmentThe bank or financial institution that offers themThe maturity termIn other words, when benchmark interest rates rise, CD rates generally tend to rise along with them. However, the rates paid by CDs can vary dramatically between banks.For example, as I write this, our top 12-month CDs have APYs ranging from 4.25% to 5.65%. The same is true for CDs of other maturity lengths as well. But because the Federal Reserve has raised benchmark interest rates so aggressively in the past couple of years, this range is significantly higher than it was.When it comes to different maturity lengths, it’s a little tricky to explain, but the general idea is that shorter-term CDs tend to track benchmark interest rates rather closely. The current federal funds rate (the most important interest rate the Fed controls) is set to a range of 5.25% to 5.5%, and this is certainly aligned with most of the top 1-year CDs we track.With longer maturities, there are a lot of economic factors at work, but the simple explanation is that CD yields are a combination of the current interest rate environment and expectations for future interest rate movements. In most environments, longer-maturity CDs tend to have higher yields, since banks typically pay a premium if customers agree to leave their money on deposit for a longer time. But as of Oct. 2023, the range of 5-year CD yields on our top CD list is 3% to 4.85%, with the average yield significantly lower than the average 1-year CD.This makes sense. According to the latest projections from the policymakers at the Federal Reserve, the benchmark federal funds rate is expected to fall to 4.6% by the end of 2024 and to 3.4% by the end of 2025.What will CD rates do in 2024?There’s no way to predict with accuracy what CD rates will do next year. Even the Federal Reserve’s own projections can be very wrong. In fact, the Fed’s projections in Sept. 2021 called for a federal funds rate of just 1% at the end of 2023.Having said that, the latest projections call for one further quarter-point rate hike by the end of 2023, which would likely push CD yields slightly higher to start 2024. And if the Fed’s projection of a 4.6% federal funds rate proves to be accurate, we could expect 1-year CD rates to gravitate towards that level, with other maturity terms drifting generally lower as well.However, it’s tough to overemphasize that we don’t know what is going to happen. If inflation proves far more difficult to control than the Fed expects, it’s entirely possible that several more interest rate hikes will be needed and CD yields will be much higher at the end of 2024. On the other hand, there’s the possibility of a recession coming and the need for the Fed to aggressively cut rates if the economy takes a worse downward turn than expected.The bottom line is that CD rates are higher right now than they’ve been in a long time, and the best course of action is to put your money in CDs that make sense for you now — not to leave your cash on the sidelines in anticipation of rates rising even further.However, one smart strategy could be to create a CD ladder, which gives you the best of both worlds. If rates end up rising in 2024, you’ll end up with some money to take advantage. And if rates fall, most of your money will be locked in at today’s rates.
Costco Is Selling a Full Thanksgiving Meal Kit So You Don’t Have to Do a Thing
By: Maurie Backman |
Updated
Oct. 23, 2023 – First published on Oct. 23, 2023
Some people absolutely love hosting Thanksgiving and getting creative in the kitchen. But if you’re someone who dreads Thanksgiving and the hours upon hours of preparation that tend to come with it, then you may be in luck. Costco is selling a Thanksgiving meal kit for $199.99 that’s designed to feed a party of eight. You’ll need to pre-order yours by Nov. 5, but it could be worth it for the time-related savings involved. And you may even find that Costco’s Thanksgiving dinner kit saves you money, too.When you’re looking to outsource your Thanksgiving mealEven if you’re someone who likes to cook, being in charge of Thanksgiving isn’t easy. There’s a lot of pressure to throw together a massive feast, and you may not have the time or desire to spend an entire day preparing food. If you’re not at all looking forward to a day of cooking, let Costco come to your rescue. For $199.99, you’ll get the following:Five pounds of skin-on turkey breastA two-pound tray of stuffingA 1.5-pound trap for mashed potatoes with a side of gravyA 1.6-pound tray of macaroni and cheese A two-pound pack of sweet cornA two-pound pack of green beansCranberry relish12 dinner rollsOne pumpkin pieOne apple pieAll of this food will ship frozen, and you can expect delivery to your home between Nov. 8 and 17. Will Costco’s Thanksgiving meal kit save you money?You probably won’t save money by purchasing Costco’s meal kit compared to buying ingredients for the above dishes at Costco, or even elsewhere. At your local grocery store, turkey might cost about $3.50 per pound. So a five-pound turkey might cost you just $17.50. A Costco pumpkin pie, meanwhile, is generally only $5.99 (though prices can vary). So right there, you’re looking at $23.50 for 20% of your meal. The cost of the other items included in Costco’s Thanksgiving dinner kit can vary based on how you prepare your sides. But macaroni and cheese, for example, can be an extremely inexpensive dish to prepare. A single box of Kraft might cost under $1.50, so even if you need five boxes, you’re looking at $7.50 or less in total. (Of course, if you insist on making yours from scratch with high-end cheese, that’s a different story.)All told, you can probably throw together a Thanksgiving meal for eight for under $200 — but not so much under. So the question you’ll want to ask yourself is how much time you want to save.Also, if you’re so not looking forward to cooking to the point where you think you’ll pay to cater your Thanksgiving dinner, then you’re likely to put more than $200 on your credit card by going that route through a local restaurant or caterer. In that regard, Costco’s offering could save you some money.All told, Costco’s Thanksgiving dinner kit may be worth considering if you’re not excited to cook for the holiday this year. But chances are, this meal kit is going to be a popular item, which means it may sell out soon. If you are interested in ordering it, do so quickly so you don’t miss out.
3 Costco Perks You Aren’t Taking Advantage of — but You Should
By: Brittney Myers |
Updated
Oct. 23, 2023 – First published on Oct. 23, 2023
Just $250 a month at Costco would earn enough back to pay for the upgrade. In other words, if you spend more than $250 a month at Costco, upgrading makes financial sense.If that sounds like a ton of money to you, then definitely stay with your regular membership. But if your family goes through Kirkland Signature toilet paper like they flush it down the toilet, and you’re one of the people who actually finishes that 3-liter bottle of olive oil, then a membership upgrade could be a smart idea.Double up with rewards cardsWhether an Executive membership is right for you or not, there’s another way to earn rewards that everyone should be taking advantage of: rewards credit cards.Unfortunately, you can only use Visa credit cards in a Costco warehouse. If you’re shopping at Costco.com, you can use Visa or Mastercard credit cards. While these restrictions certainly stymie some of my favorite rewards cards, you’re not completely out of luck. There are still some great options from either issuer. Costco even offers its own cobranded Visa card, which can be especially rewarding when it comes to gas purchases. I prefer to use my Chase Freedom Unlimited®, however, for 1.5x points per $1.
I Bought a $278.99 Walmart Mattress. Here’s How It Compares to My Expensive Tempur-Pedic
By: Christy Bieber |
Updated
Oct. 27, 2023 – First published on Oct. 27, 2023
Recently, we bought a mattress that we plan to use temporarily for a few months as most of our furniture is in storage while we complete a remodeling project. We didn’t want to spend a lot of money since this mattress will be relegated to a guest room, if it is used at all, once we get our furniture back in place.We opted to buy a memory foam mattress from Walmart and paid $278.99 for a king size. This was a fraction of the cost of our regular mattress, which is a Tempur-Pedic that cost several thousand dollars.After sleeping on the cheap mattress for a while, here’s how they compare.Both are equally comfortableFirst and most importantly, my husband and I have found that both of the mattresses are equally comfortable to sleep on. Both provide a similar level of firmness and support. And, we don’t feel the other person moving around in either bed. In fact, if forced to pick which of the two we like better, we would not be able to based on the comfort factor alone.Both have the same warrantyOur Tempur-Pedic mattress came with a 10-year warranty. We didn’t expect our new bed to offer this same guarantee since it cost so much less. But, we were wrong. The new, inexpensive mattress also has a 10-year warranty and a 30-day refund policy to make sure we’re comfortable with it.Both have multiple layersOur Tempur-Pedic came with multiple different layers of material including a comfort layer on the top, a support layer in the middle, and a base layer. Each of these layers is supposed to serve a purpose, like distributing body weight evenly along the mattress or dispersing heat.Our inexpensive mattress actually comes with more layers, referred to as the “five floors of comfort.” There’s a top breathable fabric, a second layer to avoid heat, two separate support layers, and a non-slip layer at the bottom.I’m not exactly sure if all of these layers are serving their exact purpose, but I have noticed that neither bed sleeps warm and both feel like they provide adequate support. The non-slip layer on the cheaper mattress also seems to help it stay in place on my box springs.The Tempur-Pedic feels heavier and more substantialThe Tempur-Pedic stands out by feeling more substantial. The cheaper mattress came vacuum packed in a tiny little package and it took a while to fluff up. And it just doesn’t have the same heft as the Tempur-Pedic mattress.However, while this is a point in the Tempur-Pedic’s favor because the substance has me feeling like it may last longer, it also means the Tempur-Pedic is more of a pain to move around.Ultimately, I feel like the cheaper mattress was a better buy. It left more money in my bank account than the Tempur-Pedic, and it provides a similar level of comfort as well as the same warranty.The experience has shown that buying a more expensive bed isn’t always the best option, so before breaking out your credit cards, be sure to explore and fully compare different mattresses to find one that feels the best at a fair price. Visit some stores and try them out. Don’t immediately dismiss one just due to a lower price point, as you might miss out on a comfortable mattress at a great discount. And don’t forget to consider the return policy and warranty so you end up happy with your purchase in the long run.
Mark Cuban Thinks You Should Buy a 2-Year Supply of Toothpaste. Here’s Why
By: Christy Bieber |
Updated
Oct. 27, 2023 – First published on Oct. 27, 2023
Mark Cuban is the owner of the Dallas Mavericks and is well-known for his business skills and investing prowess. Over the years, he has provided some tips to others who want to get rich, and one of them was a pretty surprising one.His advice: Buy a two-year supply of toothpaste. Here’s why the billionaire suggested making this unconventional move.Cuban has a simple reason for buying so much toothpasteMark Cuban doesn’t just want your teeth to be really clean. He had a good reason for suggesting purchasing such a large stockpile. Specifically, he advised doing this if you use the same brand of toothpaste regularly and can find it at a deep discount.”If we, hopefully we’re all using toothpaste every day, right, couple times a day, and we’re gonna go through toothpaste every month, whatever it may be, you’re better off buying two years’ worth of toothpaste when it’s on 50% discount,” he said. “That’s an immediate return on your money.”Cuban’s point was that the prices of items go up over time, so you’re better off purchasing them at the lowest possible price as this puts guaranteed money in your pocket. You also immediately benefit from the savings since you get to spend less now and in the coming years, keeping more cash in your bank account.Toothpaste isn’t the only item Cuban believes you should stock up on. “Any of your reusables, consumables that you have to have, when they’re on a huge sale on Amazon, buy them, because chances are, their prices are gonna go up, but that’s a real savings that you get to put in your pocket.”Cuban said that while it can feel difficult to make a profit by investing in a brokerage account, this is a simple step that anyone can take that will have an immediate positive impact on their personal finances.Should you follow Cuban’s advice?Listening to Cuban just makes good sense — especially as the recent few years of rising prices and surging inflation have demonstrated that routine products and services that we use every day can and do see big price increases.If you’re able to get many of your consumer products at discounted prices, this can make a noticeable difference in your personal finances. It’s not difficult to do either. Most stores put items on sale on a predictable schedule, such as marking down a product once every six or eight weeks. If you can stock up when there’s a good price — and especially if there’s a deep discount, then you’ll be able to slash what you spend on groceries and personal care.Use this extra money wisely to do things like repay debt or invest for your future, and you will end up being able to build wealth without changing your lifestyle at all. But, no matter what you do with the money, you probably have better stuff to spend it on than paying full price for toothpaste.
Here are some alternatives to no-credit-check loans that are ideal for individuals with little to no credit history.
Search for Lenders Who Take Alternative Credit Backgrounds Into Account
While credit history is typically used to assess a borrower’s risk, some banks will accept alternative data to determine your eligibility such as salary, rent, or utility payment history and bank statements. Remember that most lenders will only accept alternative data for smaller loans like credit cards, personal loans, and auto loans as opposed to larger loans like mortgages.
To find a lender that accepts alternative credit backgrounds, contact financial institutions in your area or apply for loans online. Make sure to have important documents such as bank statements, W-2s, tax returns, and rent payments readily available.
You can also opt to have alternative data reflected in your credit history. For example, you can sign up for a service that reports your rent and utility payments to the three credit bureaus. This is an excellent way to start building your credit.
Credit tip: You may have better luck if you consult with a lender face-to-face rather than over the phone.
Request a Payday Alternative Loan (PAL) Through Your Credit Union
Some credit unions offer payday alternative loans that are typically lower-cost substitutes to pricey payday loans. PALs are small loans granted in amounts ranging from $200 to $1,000, and they have a maximum APR of 28%. To qualify, you must have been a member of a credit union for at least one month.
Credit tip: You can research credit unions to join by visiting MyCreditUnion.gov.
Apply for a Secured Loan
Secured loans involve putting down a valuable asset as collateral. Assets typically used as collateral include cars, houses, or savings accounts. While these types of loans are beneficial because they have less strict credit history requirements, they are risky in the sense that you could potentially lose the asset you put down as collateral if you’re unable to pay the loan back.
Credit tip: Assess whether you can avoid losing the asset before putting it down as collateral.
Borrow Money From Your Retirement Account
If you have a 401(k) plan, you can take out a loan against your account. Most plans allow you to borrow up to 50% of your savings up to $50,000. Since you are essentially borrowing money from yourself, you won’t need to show credit history to take out a 401(k) loan.
While taking this route could cost you in investment earnings, it is generally a better option than other no-credit-check loans that charge high interest rates. Just make sure to repay the loan within five years to avoid paying taxes and penalties.
Credit tip: Avoid taking out a 401(k) loan if you plan on leaving the company, as you may have to pay it off right away.
Find a Trustworthy Cosigner
If you lack credit history, including a trustworthy family member or friend as a cosigner might help you secure a loan. For a cosigner to improve your chances of being approved, they need to have a good credit score and preferably a long credit history.
However, getting someone to agree to cosign may prove to be difficult, because if you miss payments or default, the cosigner’s own credit will be hurt. Note that this could strain your relationship with the cosigner if you get behind on payments.
Credit tip: If someone in your life agrees to cosign, consider scheduling a reminder to make payments on time.
Turn to a Family Member
If you’re in a position where you need money to cover an expense, consider asking a family member or close friend for a loan. While it might be tough to bring it up, this route can help you avoid getting stuck in a situation with a predatory lender.
Credit tip: When borrowing money from family, consider drafting up a contract to ensure everyone is on the same page about the loan amount, repayment timelines, and any interest that may be charged.
How to Get a Loan With No Credit FAQ
Below, we’ve answered some common questions regarding getting a loan with no credit.
Can I Get a Loan With No Credit?
Yes, it’s possible to get a loan with no credit, although it will be more difficult to get approved, and you may incur a higher interest rate.
What Loans Can I Get With No Credit?
Types of loans you can get with no credit include no-credit-check loans, secured loans, online loans, credit union loans, and family loans.
How Much Can I Borrow With No Credit?
The exact amount you can borrow with no credit will depend on the type of credit account you’re approved for. Remember that the higher your credit score, the more money you’ll be able to borrow.
What Is a Good Credit Score to Get a Loan?
While the exact credit score to get a loan varies, borrowers need a FICO® score of at least 670 to fall within the good credit score range.
How to Build Credit
Establishing credit from the ground up can seem daunting. Here are some ways to start building credit so you can get approved for loans more easily in the future:
Become an authorized user: Ask a trusted person in your life to add you as an authorized user to their credit card account so that you can establish credit history.
Apply for a secured credit card: A secured credit card is a type of beginner-friendly card that requires you to put down a refundable deposit. Since these cards pose less risk to the lender, they’re easier to get approved for when first establishing credit.
Report rent or utilities: While most companies don’t report to the credit bureaus, you can sign up for a rent and utility reporting service that reports these payments to build credit faster.
Apply for a credit-builder loan: A credit-builder loan is an installment loan specifically geared to individuals looking to build credit history. When you take out a credit builder loan, the borrowed funds are placed in a secure savings account or certificate of deposit (CD) and held as collateral until you repay the loan.
Ready to start building your credit? ExtraCredit® is a tool that provides complete credit coverage, including rent and utility reporting and other credit profile-building offers. Try it for free today.
Saving and investing both involve setting money aside for future expenses. However, there are key differences between the two.
Each has its own set of rewards and challenges. A balance of the two can lay the groundwork for financial prosperity and safeguard your wealth.
The Basics: Defining Saving and Investing
Saving: The Safety Net
What is a Savings Account?
A savings account represents the initial wealth-building step in most financial journeys. At its core, saving means putting money in a secure location, like a bank account. This ensures your money remains safe while also earning interest. High yield savings accounts, frequently found with online banks and credit unions, offer particularly appealing interest rates.
The Role of the FDIC
The safety of savings accounts, money market accounts, and CDs is often reinforced by the federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC). This entity ensures that even if a financial institution faces challenges, your money remains protected up to the FDIC-defined limits.
Emergency Funds: Why Are They Important?
Life throws curveballs, making it essential to have an emergency fund—a financial buffer. This fund should ideally encompass three to six months’ worth of living expenses, ensuring you’re prepared for unexpected financial setbacks.
The Savings Trade-Off
While savings accounts offer peace of mind, they come with a compromise. The interest rates, especially in traditional savings accounts, often lag behind inflation. This dynamic means your diligently saved money might gradually lose purchasing power.
Investing: The Growth Engine
Dipping Into the Investment World
Investing means allocating money into assets with the hope of appreciating value. Whether it’s shares in the stock market, real estate properties, or units in mutual funds, the primary objective is growth.
Stock Market: A Historic Wealth Builder
The allure of the stock market lies in its historical track record. Over extended periods, it has typically provided returns surpassing those of standard or even high yield savings accounts. Diversifying investments, like putting money in mutual funds, can help harness these potential gains.
The Reality of Investment Risks
However, with potential reward comes inherent risk. Unlike the predictability of an FDIC-insured savings account, money put into the stock market or other investment vehicles isn’t guaranteed. It’s possible to see significant gains, but it’s equally possible to encounter losses.
When to Save vs. When to Invest: Making the Right Call
It’s vital to recognize that while both saving and investing are pillars of financial security, their roles vary according to your needs and circumstances. It’s important to know when to use each of these financial tools.
Immediate Needs and Short-Term Goals
Emergency fund: It’s always paramount to have savings set aside for unexpected expenses. Whether it’s a medical emergency, sudden job loss, or major car repair, an emergency fund acts as a financial buffer. Keeping this in an easily accessible savings account or money market account allows for quick withdrawal without penalties.
Upcoming purchases: If you’re planning major purchases within the next 1-3 years, such as a down payment for a house or a new car, the priority is preserving the principal. In such cases, a high yield savings account or a short-term CD might be more suitable than volatile investments.
Travel plans: Saving for a vacation in the next year? While it’s tempting to try to “grow” your vacation fund quickly through investments, the short timeframe means a higher risk of not having enough money when it’s time to book that trip. Opt for saving in this case.
Mid to Long-Term Objectives
Retirement: For goals that are more than a decade away, such as retirement, the potential returns from the stock market or mutual funds typically outweigh the risks. Even with market fluctuations, long-term investing often results in appreciable growth, especially if one starts investing early.
Children’s education: If you’re saving for your child’s college and they’re still in diapers, investing might offer the growth potential needed to meet rising education costs. 529 plans or other investment accounts might be apt choices.
Building wealth: If you’re aiming to increase your net worth over time and don’t have a specific goal in mind, investing is the route. It leverages the power of compound interest and potential market returns.
Debt Consideration
High-interest debts: If you’re carrying a significant credit card balance or other high-interest loans, focus on paying these down before considering investing. The interest on these debts often surpasses potential investment returns.
Personal Risk Tolerance
Emotional comfort: Your comfort with market fluctuations plays a role. If the thought of losing some of your investment keeps you up at night, even if it’s a generally recommended strategy, you might lean more towards saving or very conservative investments.
Strategies to Optimize Your Financial Balance
To establish and maintain an ideal equilibrium between saving and investing, it’s essential to employ strategic approaches that cater to evolving financial scenarios and goals. Here’s a deeper dive into methods that can help you optimize this balance.
Diversification: The Financial Safety Net
Spread your assets: Avoiding concentration in one type of investment can mitigate risks. By dividing your capital across varied assets, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, you can potentially safeguard against significant losses in any single asset class.
Low cost index funds: These funds replicate the performance of a specific market index, like the S&P 500. Due to their broad exposure, they offer a balanced growth potential coupled with relatively lower risk. Plus, their typically lower fees mean more of your money stays invested.
Seek Professional Guidance: Navigate with Expertise
Why advisory services?: The financial landscape is vast and often intricate. For those unfamiliar or even those looking for a second opinion, brokerage services or financial advisors provide valuable insights. They help decode the complexities, ensuring your strategies align with your objectives.
Certified financial planners: CFPs undergo rigorous training and certification processes. They can offer comprehensive financial planning advice, ensuring your saving and investing strategies are cohesive and well-aligned with your broader financial goals.
Automate to Accumulate: Consistency is Key
The power of direct deposits: By automating transfers from your checking account to investment or savings vehicles, you ensure consistent contributions. Over time, this approach can substantially amplify your savings and investments.
Harness dollar-cost averaging: This strategy involves investing fixed amounts regularly, irrespective of market conditions. It can potentially reduce the impact of market volatility on your investment.
Review, Reflect, and Refine: Adaptability Matters
Changing tides: Life isn’t static, and neither is the financial world. Personal milestones, market shifts, or alterations in financial objectives can necessitate a change in strategy.
Scheduled check-ins: Dedicate time periodically (annually or semi-annually) to review your portfolios. Rebalancing, which involves realigning the proportions of your investments, can be essential to ensure they continue to match your risk tolerance and goals.
Common Myths and Pitfalls: Separating Fact from Fiction
While financial literacy has grown over the years, myths still abound. These misconceptions can hinder sound financial decision-making. Let’s demystify some of the most common myths and pitfalls in the realm of saving and investing.
Investing Equals Gambling: A Risky Misconception
Understanding the difference: Yes, both investing and gambling involve risk. However, investing is about making informed decisions based on research, market trends, and historical data. Gambling is more reliant on chance and often lacks a strategic foundation.
Strategic approach: Investors often utilize various tools, analyses, and professional advisory or brokerage services to make informed decisions. Over time, while there are market fluctuations, historically, the stock market has trended upwards.
Age Constraints: The Timeless Truth
Power of compound interest: Starting young has its perks. Even small investments can grow exponentially over time, thanks to compound interest. But it’s essential to note, it’s not just for the young.
Every moment counts: Older individuals can still benefit from investing, especially with more substantial amounts and a well-thought-out investment strategy. No matter your age, it’s about finding the right investment portfolio that aligns with your financial goals and risk tolerance.
Minimums and Barriers: Breaking the Monetary Myth
Modern investing landscape: The financial markets have become increasingly accessible. With advancements in technology and the emergence of online banks and brokerage platforms, the barriers to entry have significantly lowered.
Fractional shares & micro-Investing: Some platforms today allow individuals to invest with as little as a few dollars, purchasing fractional shares of stocks or ETFs. This democratization means that virtually anyone can participate in the financial markets, regardless of their initial investment size.
Avoiding paralysis: One of the pitfalls here is waiting for the “right amount” to start investing. This can lead to missed opportunities. Consistently investing, even smaller amounts, can be beneficial in the long run.
Safety Nets, Backups, and Financial Security: A Three-Pronged Approach
Achieving true financial security is akin to constructing a sturdy building. It’s not just about the facade or height but ensuring a robust foundation and safety mechanisms in place. Here’s an expanded view on establishing a comprehensive financial safety framework.
Building a Strong Foundation: The Indispensable Emergency Fund
Significance of the fund: Think of an emergency fund as your financial cushion. When unexpected expenses – like medical emergencies or sudden job losses – arise, this fund ensures you don’t have to dip into long-term investments or accrue high-interest debt.
FDIC insured banks and credit unions: Parking your emergency savings in institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or similar protections in credit unions offers an added layer of security. Such institutions guarantee the safety of your deposits up to a certain limit, ensuring your money is shielded against unforeseen institutional failures.
Insurance: Your Financial Umbrella
Different types, singular purpose: The world of insurance is vast: health, life, disability, homeowners, renters, and more. Each type serves a unique purpose but shares a common goal: safeguarding you and your loved ones against financially detrimental events.
Preventive approach: Paying insurance premiums might feel like an added expense. However, in the face of adversities, insurance policies can prevent significant out-of-pocket expenses, ensuring financial stability.
Tax-Savvy Approaches: Maximize Your Returns
Taxable vs. tax-advantaged accounts: Recognizing the difference between these two is crucial. A standard brokerage account will have its earnings subject to taxes annually. In contrast, retirement accounts, like IRAs or 401(k)s, offer tax advantages, either deferring tax payments until withdrawal or eliminating them altogether, depending on the account type.
Compound and save: Over time, the money you save on taxes can compound, potentially leading to significantly larger returns. Being tax-smart is a key component of holistic financial planning.
Stay Liquid: Balancing Accessibility and Growth
Importance of liquidity: Investments tied up for the long term can offer excellent growth potential. However, it’s equally vital to have assets that can be quickly converted to cash for immediate needs, without penalties or a significant loss in value.
Ideal liquid venues: Savings accounts and money market accounts are perfect contenders for such liquid assets. They offer a blend of easy accessibility and modest growth, ensuring you’re not caught off-guard by short-term financial needs.
Bottom Line
Balancing saving vs. investing is an ongoing journey, not a one-time decision. As you navigate life’s ups and downs, your strategy will need tweaks and adjustments. However, with a solid foundation, informed choices, and a commitment to both saving and investing, you can optimize both risk and security, paving the way for a bright financial future.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much should I aim to save before I begin investing?
While it varies for each individual, many financial experts recommend building an emergency fund covering 3-6 months’ worth of living expenses before starting to invest aggressively.
Can I lose all my money if the stock market crashes?
While stock market downturns can lead to significant losses, diversified portfolios can mitigate this risk. It’s rare to lose all money unless invested in single, high-risk stocks.
Do I need a financial advisor, or can I start investing on my own?
You can certainly start on your own, especially with numerous online platforms and resources available. However, a financial advisor can offer personalized advice tailored to your goals and risk tolerance.
Is real estate a safer investment than the stock market?
Both real estate and stocks come with their risks and rewards. While real estate is tangible and can provide rental income, it requires more capital upfront and may not be as liquid as stocks. Diversifying investments across asset classes can help balance risk.
What’s the difference between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA?
Both are retirement accounts, but they differ in tax treatments. With a Roth IRA, you contribute post-tax money, and withdrawals during retirement are tax-free. With a traditional IRA, contributions may be tax-deductible, but withdrawals during retirement are taxed.
How frequently should I review and adjust my investment portfolio?
While there’s no one-size-fits-all answer, many experts suggest reviewing your portfolio at least annually or whenever there are significant changes to your financial situation or goals.
Can I invest in stocks without going through a brokerage?
Yes, some companies offer Direct Stock Purchase Plans (DSPPs) that allow investors to purchase shares directly without a broker. However, using a brokerage can offer more options and tools for managing investments.
How can I protect myself against inflation eroding my savings?
Investing a portion of your savings can help. Stocks, bonds, and real estate have historically outpaced inflation over the long term. Additionally, consider high yield savings accounts or inflation-protected securities.
American Express has announced that changes are coming to MyCredit Guide & CreditSecure.
MyCredit Guide will provide an Experian FICO score. When it was first launched this was offered and then in 2018 it was replaced with a VantageScore 3.0. Data for this is now provided by Experian (previously TransUnion).
CreditSecure will offer Identity Theft Insurance and other benefit changes starting 10/31/23. Price will increase from $16.99 to $19.99
Online Privacy Manager1: Scans and monitors personal information on 30+ people-finder sites and facilitates the removal of personal information
Social Media Monitoring2: Alerts customers if their social media content could contain privacy and reputational risks, along with recommendations for how to reduce risk
Identity Theft Insurance3: Coverage up to $1,000,000 for certain out-of-pocket expenses associated with restoring their stolen identity
Financial Account Takeover: Alerts customers of financial account fraud and activity on their checking, savings, IRA, and CD accounts
Dormant Account Alerts: Alerts customers when an account on their Experian® credit report becomes active after a six-month history of zero balance
Don’t think CreditSecure is worth paying for. Nice to see American Express offering a FICO score though.
A financial instrument is simply a contract between entities that represents the exchange of money for a certain asset. Financial instruments include most types of investments: cash, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), certificates of deposit (CDs), loans, derivatives, and more.
Financial instruments facilitate the movement of capital through the markets and the broader economic system. While this may take different forms, the flow of capital remains a central feature.
What Is a Financial Instrument?
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) defines a financial instrument as cash; evidence of an ownership interest in a company or other entity; or a contract. A financial instrument confers either a right or an obligation to the holder of the instrument, and is an asset that can be created, modified, traded, or settled.
Investors can trade financial instruments on a public exchange. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is an example of a spot market in which investors can trade equity instruments for immediate delivery. 💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading app? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great app is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.
Financial Instrument vs Security
A security is a type of financial instrument with a fluctuating monetary value that carries a certain amount of risk for the individual or entity that holds it. Investors can trade securities through a public exchange or over-the-counter market.
The federal government regulates securities and the securities industry under a series of laws, including the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.
All securities are financial instruments but not all financial instruments are securities.
Like financial instruments, securities fall into different groups or categories. The four types of securities include:
• Equities. Equities represent an ownership interest in a company. Stocks and mutual funds are examples of equity securities.
• Debt. Debt refers to money lent by investors to corporate or government entities. Corporate and municipal bonds are two examples of debt securities.
• Derivatives. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value is tied to an underlying asset. Futures and stock options are derivative instruments.
• Hybrid. Hybrid securities combine aspects of debt and equity. Convertible bonds are a type of hybrid instrument.
Recommended: Bonds vs. Stocks: Understanding the Difference
Types of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments are not all alike. There are different types of financial instruments in different asset classes. Certain financial instruments are more complex in nature than others, meaning they may require more knowledge or expertise to handle or trade.
1. Cash Instruments
Cash instruments are financial instruments whose value fluctuates based on changing market conditions. Cash instruments can be securities traded on an exchange, such as stocks, or other types of financial contracts.
For example, a certificate of deposit account (CD) is a type of cash instrument. Loans also fall under the cash instrument heading as they represent an agreement or contract between two parties where money is exchanged.
2. Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments or derivatives draw their value from an underlying asset, and fluctuate based on the changing value of the underlying security or benchmark.
As mentioned, options are a type of derivative instrument, as are futures contracts, forwards, and swaps.
3. Foreign Exchange Instruments
Foreign exchange instruments are financial instruments associated with international markets. For example, in forex trading investors trade currencies from different currencies through global exchanges.
Asset Classes of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments can also be broken down by asset class.
4. Debt-Based Financial Instruments
Companies use debt-based financial instruments as a means of raising capital. For example, say a municipal government wants to launch a road improvement project but lacks the funding to do so. They may issue one or more municipal bonds to raise the money they need.
Investors buy these bonds, contributing the capital needed for the road project. The municipal government then pays the investors back their principal at a later date, along with interest.
5. Equity-Based Financial Instruments
Equity-based financial instruments convey some form of ownership of an entity. If you buy 100 shares of stock in XYZ company, for example, you’re purchasing an equity-based instrument.
Equity-based instruments can help companies raise capital, but the company does not have to pay anything back to investors. Instead, investors may receive dividends from the stock shares they own, or realize profits if they’re able to sell those shares for a capital gain.
Are Commodities Financial Instruments?
Commodities such as oil or gas, precious metals, agricultural products and other raw materials are not considered financial instruments. A commodity itself, such as pork or copper, doesn’t direct the flow of capital.
That said, there are certain instruments whereby commodities are traded, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, and futures contracts.
A futures contract represents an agreement to buy or sell a certain commodity at a specific price at a future date. So, for example, an orange grower might sell a futures contract agreeing to sell a certain amount of their crop for a set price. An orange juice company could then buy a contract to purchase oranges at X price.
For the everyday investor, futures trading in commodities typically doesn’t mean you plan to take delivery of two tons of coffee beans or 4,000 bushels of corn. Instead, you buy a futures contract with the intention of selling it before it expires. 💡 Quick Tip: It’s smart to invest in a range of assets so that you’re not overly reliant on any one company or market to do well. For example, by investing in different sectors you can add diversification to your portfolio, which may help mitigate some risk factors over time.
Uses of Financial Instruments
Investors and businesses may use financial instrument for the following purposes:
1. As a Means of Payment
You already use financial instruments in your everyday life. When you write a check to pay a bill or use cash to buy groceries, you’re exchanging a financial instrument for goods and services.
Likewise, business entities may charge purchases to a business credit card. They’re borrowing money from the credit card company and paying it back at a later date, often with interest.
2. Risk Transfer
Investors use financial instruments to transfer risk when trading options and other derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps. With options, for example, an investor has the option to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price on or before a predetermined date. A contract exists between the individual who writes the option and the individual who buys it. This type of financial instrument allows an investor to speculate about which way prices for a particular security may move in the future.
3. To Store Value
Businesses often use financial instruments in this way. For example, say you default on a credit card balance. Your credit card company can write off the amount as a bad debt and sell it to a debt collector. Meanwhile, businesses with outstanding invoices they’re awaiting payment on can use factoring or accounts receivables financing to borrow against their value.
4. To Raise Capital
Companies may issue stocks or bonds in order to get access to capital that they can invest in their business. In this case, the financial instruments could be a means of raising capital for one party and a store of value for the other.
Importance of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments are central to not only the stock market, but also the financial and economic system as a whole. They provide structures and legal obligations that facilitate the regulated exchange of capital via investing, lending and borrowing, speculation and growth.
In short, financial instruments keep the financial markets moving, and they also help businesses to keep their doors open and allow consumers to manage their finances, plan for the future, and invest with the hope of future gains.
For example, you may also have a savings account that you use to hold your emergency fund, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) that you use to save for retirement and a taxable brokerage account for trading stocks. Your checking account is one of the basic tools you might use to pay bills or make purchases.
You might be paying down a mortgage or student loans while occasionally using credit cards to spend. All of these financial instruments allow you to direct the flow of money from one place to another.
The Takeaway
Financial instruments are integral to every aspect of the financial world, and they also play a significant part in business transactions and day-to-day financial management. If you trade stocks, invest in an IRA, or write checks to your landlord, then you’re contributing to the movement of capital with various financial instruments. Understanding the different types of financial instruments is the first step in becoming a steward of your own money.
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