Many people mistakenly believe they can’t afford to buy a home because they don’t really know what their options are. Fortunately, home loans are not one-size-fits-all. There are various mortgages available to suit your budget and preferences.
So, before you start visiting open houses, take some time to familiarize yourself with the different home loans that are available. Going into the home buying process informed could help you save a lot of money on your down payment, interest, and fees.
The 8 Types of Mortgage Loans Available
Understanding the different types of mortgage loans will help you choose the option that’s best suited for you. Let’s look at a brief overview of the eight types of mortgages available in 2024.
1. Conventional Loans
A conventional loan is a mortgage that’s not issued by the federal government. There are two different types of conventional mortgages you can choose from: conforming and non-conforming loans.
A conforming loan falls within the guidelines laid out by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. You’ll take out a conforming loan through a private lender like a bank, credit union, or mortgage company. Since the government doesn’t guarantee the loan, conventional mortgages typically come with more stringent lending requirements.
According to the CFPB, the maximum loan amount for a conventional loan is $484,350. However, it may be as high as $726,525 in counties with a high cost of living. You’ll have to take out private mortgage insurance (PMI) if you don’t have a 20% down payment.
Conventional loans are fixed-rate mortgages, which means your monthly mortgage payment remains the same throughout the entire life of the mortgage loan. The terms typically range from 10 to 30 years:
30-year fixed-rate mortgage
20-year fixed-rate mortgage
15-year fixed-rate mortgage
10-year fixed rate mortgage
Pros:
It can be used to purchase a primary home or an investment property
Tends to cost less than other types of loans
You can cancel your private mortgage insurance (PMI) once you reach 20% equity in your home
Cons:
Must have a minimum FICO score of 620 or higher
Harder to qualify for than government-backed loans
You’ll need to have a low debt-to-income ratio to qualify
2. Conventional 97 Mortgage
A conventional 97 mortgage is similar to a conventional loan in that it’s widely available to various borrowers. The main difference is that with this type of home loan, you only have to pay a 3% down payment.
The program is available for first-time and repeat home buyers. However, it must be your primary place of residence, and the maximum loan amount is $510,400.
Pros:
Widely available to most borrowers
Only requires a 3% down payment
Available for first-time and repeat homebuyers
Cons:
Cannot be used to purchase investment properties
The maximum loan amount is $510,400
Requires a minimum FICO score of 660 or higher
3. FHA Loans
FHA loans are backed by the Federal Housing Administration and are a popular option for first-time home buyers. To qualify, you need to have a 3.5% down payment and a minimum credit score of 580.
If you have a credit score of 500 or higher, you can qualify for an FHA loan with a 10% down payment. These flexible requirements make FHA loans a suitable option for borrowers with bad credit.
To qualify for an FHA home loan, you must have a debt-to-income ratio of 43% or less. These loans can’t be used to purchase investment properties, and your home must meet the FHA’s lending limits.
These limits vary by state, so you’ll need to check the FHA’s website to see what the guidelines are for your area.
Pros:
Loans come with low down payment options
A viable option for borrowers with bad credit
Available for first-time and repeat homeowners
Cons:
Loans can’t be taken out for investment properties
If your credit score is below 580, a 10% down payment is required
You must have a debt-to-income ratio below 43%
Mandatory mortgage insurance premiums
4. FHA 203(k) Rehab Loans
An FHA 203(k) rehab loan is sometimes referred to as a renovation loan. It allows home buyers to finance the purchase of their home and any necessary renovations with a single loan.
Many people purchase older homes to fix them up. Instead of taking out a mortgage and then applying for a home renovation loan, you can accomplish both within a single mortgage.
A rehab loan is similar to an FHA loan in that you’ll need a 3.5% down payment. However, the credit requirements are stricter, and you’ll need a minimum credit score of 640 to qualify.
Pros:
Allows you to buy a home and finance the remodel within one mortgage
Requires a minimum 3.5% down payment
Easier to qualify since the FHA backs your loan
Cons:
Credit requirements are more stringent than typical FHA loans
You must hire approved contractors and cannot DIY the renovations
The closing process takes longer than other types of mortgages
5. VA Loans
The Department of Veteran Affairs guarantees VA loans. These loans are designed to make it easier for veterans and service members to qualify for affordable mortgages.
One of the biggest advantages of taking out a VA loan is that it doesn’t require a down payment or mortgage insurance premium (MIP). And there are no listed credit requirements, though the lender can set their own minimum credit requirements. VA loans typically come with a lower interest rate than FHA and conventional loans.
To qualify for a VA loan, you must either be active duty military, a veteran or honorably discharged. You’ll need to apply for your mortgage through an approved VA lender.
Pros:
No down payment required
No PMI required
Flexible credit requirements
Cons:
Must be a veteran to qualify
Some sellers will not want to deal with a VA loan
6. USDA Loans
A USDA loan is a type of mortgage that’s available for rural and suburban home buyers. It’s a viable option for borrowers with lower credit scores that are having a hard time qualifying for a traditional mortgage.
USDA loans are backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and they help low-income borrowers find housing in rural areas. USDA loans do not require a down payment, but you will need a minimum credit score of 640 to qualify.
You will need to meet the USDA’s eligibility requirements to qualify for the loan. But according to the department’s property eligibility map, over 95% of the U.S. is eligible.
Pros:
No down payment required
A practical option for low-income borrowers
Available to first-time and repeat home buyers
Cons:
A minimum credit score of 640 is required
Housing is limited to rural and suburban areas
7. Jumbo Loans
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the financing guidelines laid out by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. These loans are unable to be purchased or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
A jumbo mortgage is financing for luxury homes in competitive real estate markets, and the limits vary by state. In 2024, the FHFA raised the limits for a one-unit property to $766,550, increasing from $726,200 in 2023. In certain high-cost areas, the limits for jumbo loans vary, reaching up to $1,149,825. These jumbo loans are for mortgages that exceed the set limits in their respective counties.
If you’re hoping to buy a home that costs more than $1 million, you’ll need to take out a super jumbo loan. These loans provide up to $3 million to purchase your home. Both jumbo and super jumbo mortgages can be difficult to qualify for and require excellent credit.
Pros:
These loans make it possible to purchase large homes in expensive areas
Typically comes with flexible loan terms
Cons:
Jumbo loans and super jumbo loans come with higher interest rates
You’ll need a good credit history to qualify
8. Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs)
Unlike a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the life of the loan, an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) comes with interest rates that fluctuate. Your interest rate depends on the current market conditions.
When you first take out an ARM, you will typically start with a fixed rate for a set period of time. Once that introductory period is up, your interest rate will adjust on a monthly or annual basis.
An ARM can be a suitable option for some borrowers because your interest rate will likely be low for the first couple of years you own the home. But you need to be comfortable with a certain level of risk.
And if you choose to go this route, you should look for an ARM that caps the amount of interest you pay. That way, you won’t find yourself unable to afford your monthly payments when the interest rates reset.
4 Types of ARMs
There are 4 different types of adjustable-rate mortgages typically offered:
One Year ARM – The one-year adjustable-rate mortgage interest rate changes every year on the anniversary of the loan.
10/1 ARM – The 10/1 ARM has an initial fixed interest rate for the first ten years of the mortgage. After 10 years is up, the rate then adjusts each year for the remainder of the mortgage.
5/5 and 5/1 ARMs – ARMs that have an initial fixed rate for the first five years of the mortgage. After 5 years is up, for the 5/5 ARM, the interest rate changes every 5 years. For the 5/1 ARM, the interest changes every year.
3/3 and 3/1 ARMs – Similar to the 5/5 and 5/1 ARMs, except the initial fixed-rate changes after 3 years. For the 3/3 ARM, the interest rate changes every 3 years and for the 3/1 ARM, it changes every year.
Pros:
Interest rates will likely be low in the beginning.
If you pay the loan off quickly, you could pay a lot less money in interest.
Cons:
Your monthly mortgage payments will fluctuate.
Many borrowers have gotten into financial trouble after taking out an ARM.
Choosing the Right Home Loan
When it comes to choosing a home loan, you need to consider a few key factors. First, you’ll want to think about the type of loan that is best suited to your needs.
Fixed-rate mortgages offer stability and predictability, while adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) can be a viable option for those who expect their income to increase significantly over time. You’ll also want to consider your budget and how much you can afford to borrow, as well as the size of your down payment and the length of the loan term.
It’s also crucial to shop around and compare offers from multiple mortgage lenders. While it’s tempting to go with the first lender you find, it pays to do your homework and see what other options are available.
This can help you get a better rate and more favorable terms on your loan. It’s a good idea to get quotes from at least three different lenders, and to consider both traditional banks and online lenders.
Tips for Getting the Best Rates and Terms
One of the most effective strategies is to improve your credit score. Lenders look closely at credit scores when deciding whether to approve a loan. Those with higher scores are typically offered better terms. You can improve your credit score by paying your bills on time, reducing your debt, and correcting any errors on your credit report.
Another tip is to make a larger down payment, which can help you secure a lower interest rate and reduce the size of your monthly payments. Finally, consider working with a mortgage broker, who can help you shop around and find the best deal.
Bottom Line
As you can see, there are many home loans for you to choose from. The type of mortgage that’s best for you will depend on your current income and financial situation.
If you’re not sure where to start, consider working with a qualified loan officer. They can assess your situation and recommend the option that will be best for you.
FHA loans have been making homeownership more accessible for decades. Tailored to borrowers with lower credit, the FHA makes it possible to buy a house with a credit score of just 580 and only 3.5% down.
But home buyers aren’t the only ones who can benefit. For current homeowners, an FHA refinance may let you access low rates and home equity, even without great credit.
Not sure whether you’ll qualify for a mortgage? Check out the FHA program. You might be surprised.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
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>Related: How to buy a house with $0 down: First-time home buyer
What is an FHA loan?
An FHA loan is a mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
FHA insurance protects mortgage lenders, allowing them to offer loans with low interest rates, easier credit requirements, and low down payments (starting at just 3.5%).
Thanks to their flexibility and low rates, FHA loans are especially popular with first-time home buyers, home shoppers with low or moderate incomes, and/or lower-credit home buyers.
But FHA financing isn’t limited to a certain type of buyer — anyone can apply.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
How does an FHA loan work?
The first thing to know about FHA mortgages is that the Federal Housing Administration doesn’t actually lend you the money. You get an FHA mortgage loan from an FHA-approved bank or lender, just like you would any other type of home mortgage loan.
The FHA’s role is to insure these mortgages, offering lenders protection in case borrowers can’t pay their loans back. In turn, this lets mortgage lenders offer FHA loans with lower interest rates and looser standards for qualifying.
The one catch — if you want to call it that — is that you pay for the FHA insurance that protects your mortgage lender. This is called “mortgage insurance premium” or MIP for the life of the loan or until the FHA home loan is refinanced into another type of mortgage. We go over this in detail below.
Types of FHA loans
FHA loans offer various options to meet different home buying needs. These government-backed loans are designed to make homeownership more accessible, especially for those with less-than-perfect credit scores or limited savings.
Each type of FHA loan is tailored to different financial situations and home buying needs. Here’s what you can expect.
Compare FHA loan quotes from multiple lenders. Start here
FHA mortgage loan
An FHA mortgage is ideal for first-time home buyers, requiring a minimum credit score of 580 for a 3.5% down payment. Those with credit scores between 500 and 579 can still qualify for a 10% down payment. These loans are popular due to their lenient credit score requirements and low-down payment options.
FHA rate-and-term refinance
An FHA refinance loan is suited for borrowers looking to improve their loan terms or lower interest rates, especially if their credit scores have improved since obtaining their original mortgage. It offers a way to adjust loan terms to better fit current financial situations.
FHA Streamline Refinance
For current FHA loan holders, the FHA Streamline Refinance provides an efficient way to refinance with minimal documentation and underwriting. It often results in lower interest rates and can potentially reduce mortgage insurance premiums. This option is advantageous for those who want to refinance without a complicated process.
FHA cash-out refinance
An FHA cash-out refinance allows homeowners to tap into their home equity, converting it into cash. It requires a minimum credit score of 620, and borrowers must leave at least 15% equity in their home after the refinance. It’s suitable for those needing extra funds for expenses or investments.
FHA Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
HECM is a reverse mortgage for homeowners aged 62 and older, allowing the conversion of home equity into cash. It provides financial flexibility for seniors by enabling access to their home equity without selling the home.
FHA 203(k) loan
The FHA 203(k) loan is designed for home purchases requiring renovations. It combines the cost of the home and renovation expenses into one loan. Borrowers must meet specific credit score requirements and ensure that renovations are completed within six months.
FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage
This loan type allows borrowers to include energy-efficient upgrades in their FHA loan. It’s aimed at reducing utility costs and increasing the home’s environmental friendliness, thereby potentially increasing its value.
Section 245(a) loan
The Section 245(a) program is for borrowers expecting an increase in their income. It offers a graduated payment schedule that starts low and increases over time, aligning with anticipated income growth. This loan is particularly beneficial for young professionals expecting career advancement.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan requirements
Homeownership can be a liberating experience, especially for first-time buyers. With their flexible guidelines and government backing, FHA home loans provide a welcoming path.
Understanding FHA loan requirements can make the process much easier, opening the door to a future in your ideal home.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
To be eligible for an FHA loan, applicants must adhere to specific guidelines:
The property must undergo a home appraisal by an FHA-approved appraiser.
The property must serve as the applicant’s primary residence; investment properties and second homes are not eligible.
Occupancy of the property is required within two months following the closing.
A mandatory inspection is conducted to ensure the property meets FHA’s basic standards.
There are a few more specific conditions to qualify, such as a down payment amount, mortgage insurance, credit score, loan limits, and income requirements.
FHA loan down payment requirements
FHA loans require a minimum down payment, which varies based on credit score. For credit scores of 580 and above, a minimum down payment of 3.5% is required. Borrowers with credit scores between 500 and 579 must make a 10% down payment.
FHA mortgage insurance premiums
FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is what makes the FHA program possible. Without the MIP, FHA-approved lenders would have little reason to make FHA-insured loans.
There are two kinds of MIP required for an FHA loan. One is paid as a lump sum when you close the loan, and the other is an annual premium, which becomes less expensive each year as you pay off the loan balance:
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP) = 1.75% of the loan amount for current FHA loans and refinances
Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) = 0.85% of the loan amount for most FHA loans and refinances
MIP is split into monthly payments that are included in your mortgage payment. You’ll have to pay FHA insurance for the life of the loan or if you refinance into another type of mortgage loan.
The good news is that, as a homeowner or home buyer, your FHA loan’s MIP rates have dropped. Today’s FHA MIP costs are now as much as 50 basis points (0.50%) lower per year than they were in previous years.
Also, you have ways to reduce what you’ll owe in FHA MIP.
Depending on your down payment and loan term, you can reduce the length of your mortgage insurance to 11 years instead of the entire loan.
Loan term
Original down payment
MIP duration
20, 25, 30 years
Less than 10%
Life of loan
20, 25, 30 years
More than 10%
11 years
15 years or less
Less than 10%
Life of loan
15 years or less
More than 10%
11 years
Or, you could refinance out of FHA MIP at a later date.
With FHA interest rates as competitive as they are today, refinancing could reduce your monthly mortgage payments and cancel your mortgage insurance premium if you have enough equity in the home.
Check your FHA loan rates. Start here
FHA loan credit score minimums
The minimum credit score requirement for an FHA loan is 500. However, a score of 580 or higher allows for a lower down payment. Credit scores directly impact loan terms and down payment amounts.
Debt-to-income ratio
FHA loans consider the borrower’s debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a measure of monthly debt payments against monthly income. The FHA prefers a DTI ratio of no more than 43%, though exceptions can be made for higher ratios with compensating factors.
Income and employment requirements
There is no specific income threshold for FHA loans, but borrowers must demonstrate steady employment history. Verification includes pay stubs, W-2s, tax returns, and bank statements.
FHA loan limits
Loan limits for FHA loans vary by county. However, starting January 1, 2024, the new FHA loan limit will be $498,257 for a single-family home in most parts of the country. Limits increase for 2-, 3-, and 4-unit properties.
FHA loan rates
Interest rates for FHA loans are competitive and can vary based on factors such as prevailing market rates, borrower’s credit score, income, loan amount, down payment, and DTI ratio. Government backing often enables lenders to offer lower rates compared to conventional mortgages.
Compare your FHA loan rates from multiple lenders. Start here
Today’s rates for a 30-year, fixed-rate FHA loan start at % (% APR), according to The Mortgage Reports’ daily rate survey.
Thanks to their government backing, FHA loan rates are competitive even for lower-credit borrowers. But interest rates can vary a lot from one lender to the next, so be sure to shop around for your best offer.
FHA loan benefits
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
1. Lower down payment: Just 3.5 %
For today’s home buyers, there are only a few mortgage options that allow for down payments of 5% or less. The FHA loan is one of them.
With an FHA mortgage, you can make a down payment as small as 3.5% of the home’s purchase price. This helps home buyers who don’t have a lot of money saved up for a down payment along with home buyers who would rather save money for moving costs, emergency funds, or other needs.
2. FHA allows 100% gift funds for the down payment and closing costs
The FHA is generous with respect to using gifts for a down payment. Very few loan programs will allow your entire down payment for a home to come from a gift. The FHA will.
Via the FHA, your entire 3.5% down payment can be a gift from parents or another family member, an employer, an approved charitable group, or a government homebuyer program.
If you’re using a down payment gift, though, you’ll need to follow the process for gifting and receiving funds.
3. FHA loans allow higher debt-to-income ratios
FHA loans also allow higher debt-to-income ratios.
Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is calculated by comparing two things: your debt payments and your before-tax income.
For instance, if you earn $5,000 a month and your debt payment total is $2,000, your DTI is 40%.
Officially, FHA maximum DTIs are as follows.
31% of gross income for housing costs
43% of gross income for housing costs plus other monthly obligations like credit cards, student loans, auto loans, etc.
However, a 43% DTI is actually on the low end for most FHA borrowers. And FHA will allow DTI ratios as high as 50%. Although to get approved at such a high ratio, you’ll likely need one or more compensating factors — for instance, a great credit score, significant cash savings, or a down payment exceeding the minimum.
In any case, FHA is more lenient in this area than other mortgage loan options.
Most conventional mortgage programs — those offered by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — only allow debt-to-income ratios between 36% and 43%.
With down payments of less than 25%, for example, Fannie Mae lets you go to 43% DTI for FICOs of 700 or higher. But most people don’t get conventional loans with debt ratios that high.
4. FHA loans accept lower credit scores
Officially, the minimum credit scores required for FHA mortgage loans are:
580 or higher with a 3.5% down payment
500-579 with a 10% down payment
High credit scores are great if you have them. But past credit history mistakes take a while to repair.
FHA loans can help you get into a home without waiting a year or more for your good credit to reach the “excellent” level. Other loan programs are not so forgiving when it comes to your credit rating.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the agencies that set rules for conventional loans) say they accept FICOs as low as 620. But in reality, some lenders impose higher minimum credit scores.
5. FHA even permits applicants with no credit scores
What if an applicant has never had a credit account? Their credit report is, essentially, blank.
FHA borrowers with no credit scores may also qualify for a mortgage. In fact, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) prohibits FHA lenders from denying an application based solely on a borrower’s lack of credit history.
The FHA allows borrowers to build non-traditional credit as an alternative to a standard credit history. This can be a huge advantage to someone who’s never had credit scores due to a lack of borrowing or credit card usage in the past.
Borrowers can use payment histories on items such as utility bills, cell phone bills, car insurance bills, and apartment rent to build non-traditional credit.
“Not all lenders who are FHA approved offer these types of loans, so check with your loan officer individually,” cautions Meyer.
6. FHA loans can be up to $ in most of the U.S.
Most mortgage programs limit their loan sizes, and many of these limits are tied to local housing prices.
FHA mortgage limits are set by county or MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area), and range from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country.
Limits are higher in Alaska, Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, and also for duplexes, triplexes, and four-plexes.
7. FHA also allows extended loan sizes
As another FHA benefit, FHA loan limits can be extended where home prices are more expensive. This lets buyers finance their home using FHA even though home prices have skyrocketed in certain high-cost areas.
In Orange County, California, for example, or New York City, the FHA will insure up to $ for a mortgage on a single-family home.
For 2-unit, 3-unit and 4-unit homes, FHA loan limits are even higher — ranging up to $.
If your area’s FHA’s loan limits are too low for the property you’re buying, you’ll likely need a conventional or jumbo loan.
8. If you have an FHA loan, you can lower your rate with an FHA Streamline Refinance
Another advantage for FHA-backed homeowners is access to the FHA Streamline Refinance.
The FHA Streamline Refinance is an exclusive FHA program that offers homeowners one of the simplest, quickest, and most affordable paths to refinancing.
An FHA Streamline Refinance requires no credit score checks, no income verifications, and home appraisals are waived completely.
In addition, via the FHA Streamline Refinance, homeowners with a mortgage pre-dating June 2009 get access to reduced FHA mortgage insurance rates.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan disadvantages
What is the downside to an FHA loan? Among the numerous benefits of FHA loans, there are certain disadvantages that potential borrowers should be aware of. These drawbacks can impact the overall cost and flexibility of the loan.
Here are the downsides that you should know about FHA home loans.
FHA loan mortgage insurance premiums
One of the primary drawbacks of FHA loans is the mandatory mortgage insurance premiums. These include an upfront premium at closing, generally 1.75% of the loan amount, and ongoing monthly payments. This additional cost can make FHA loans more expensive over the long term
Loan limits
One notable limitation of FHA loans is the lower loan limits compared to conventional loans, which can be restrictive for higher-income buyers. The FHA mortgage limit for a one-unit property ranges from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country, which may not be sufficient in areas with higher property values.
Strict property requirements
FHA loans come with stringent property requirements. The purchased home must be the borrower’s primary residence and must meet specific safety and condition standards. This requirement can limit the types of properties that qualify for an FHA loan.
FHA loan alternatives
Alternative loans, like USDA and VA loans, offer distinct advantages, such as no down payment requirements, but come with specific eligibility criteria. Understanding these alternatives ensures you make a well-informed decision about the type of mortgage that’s right for you.
Conventional 97
The Conventional 97 program comes with a down payment requirement of just 3%. It stands out due to the absence of income limits and mandatory home buyer education, making it accessible to a broader range of homebuyers.
Check your conventional loan eligibility. Start here
HomeReady Mortgage by Fannie Mae
The HomeReady mortgage program is designed for low- to moderate-income families, allowing a home purchase with only a 3% down payment. Furthermore, this program permits the entire downpayment and closing costs to be covered by gifts or grants, offering significant financial flexibility.
Freddie Mac Home Possible
The Home Possible loan is notable for its reduced mortgage insurance costs compared to other similar programs. With a 3% down payment requirement and lower ongoing costs, Home Possible is an attractive alternative for those looking to save on mortgage insurance.
USDA loans
USDA loans, backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are an attractive alternative, especially for moderate-income buyers in rural areas. They don’t require a down payment, which is a significant advantage. However, eligibility for USDA loans is restricted based on income and geographical limits, and not every property qualifies for this type of financing.
VA loans
VA loans are another viable alternative, particularly for U.S. military service members, veterans, and certain surviving spouses. Like USDA loans, VA loans also require no down payment. However, eligibility for VA loans is exclusive to the military community, limiting their accessibility to the general public.
FAQ: FHA loans
Can I choose between a fixed rate and an adjustable-rate FHA loan?
Yes, FHA loans offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate (ARM) options. A fixed-rate FHA loan provides a consistent interest rate and monthly payment for the life of the loan, ideal for those who prefer stability. An adjustable-rate FHA loan, on the other hand, has an interest rate that can change over time, typically offering lower initial rates.
Do FHA loans have lower interest rates?
FHA loans often have lower interest rates compared to many conventional loan options. This is largely due to the government backing of FHA loans, which reduces the risk for lenders. As a result, lenders are generally able to offer more competitive mortgage rates to borrowers. However, the actual interest rate you’ll receive on an FHA loan can vary based on several factors, including your credit score, loan amount, and the current market conditions. It’s always a good idea to compare rates from multiple lenders to ensure you’re getting the best deal possible for your situation.
Are FHA loans assumable?
Yes. A little-known FHA benefit is that the agency will allow a home buyer to assume the existing FHA mortgage on a home being purchased. The buyer must still qualify for the mortgage with its existing terms but, in a rising mortgage rate environment, it can be attractive to assume a home seller’s loan. Five years from now, for example, a buyer of an FHA-insured home could inherit a seller’s sub-3 percent mortgage rate. This can make it easier to sell the home in the future.
Can you buy a rental property with an FHA loan?
While you can’t buy a true rental property with an FHA loan, you can buy a multi-unit property — a duplex, triplex, or fourplex — live in one of the units, and rent out the others. The rent from the other units can partially, or even fully, offset your mortgage payment.
Are closing costs higher for FHA loans?
Closing costs are about the same for FHA and conventional loans with a couple of exceptions. First, the appraiser’s fee for an FHA loan tends to be about $50 higher. Also, if you choose to pay your upfront MIP in cash (instead of including this 1.75% fee in your loan amount), this one-time fee will be added to your closing costs. Additionally, the fee can be rolled into your loan amount.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
Most borrowers will need a minimum credit score of 580 to get an FHA loan. However, home buyers who can put at least 10% down are eligible to qualify with a 500 score. Yet, each lender may have their own credit score minimums, separate to those established by the Federal Housing Administration.
What is the loan-to-value ratio requirement for FHA loans?
The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for FHA loans typically cannot exceed 96.5%, meaning you can borrow up to 96.5% of your home’s value. This high LTV ratio is part of what makes FHA loans accessible, especially for first-time homebuyers who might not have substantial savings for a down payment.
How does PMI work with FHA loans?
For FHA loans, the equivalent of private mortgage insurance (PMI) is the mortgage insurance premium (MIP). MIP is required for all FHA loans, regardless of the down payment or loan-to-value ratio. This insurance protects lenders from losses in case of borrower defaults and is included in both upfront and ongoing mortgage costs.
What happens if I default on an FHA loan?
If you default on an FHA loan, the lender can initiate foreclosure proceedings. The FHA loan program, backed by the Federal Housing Administration, is designed to minimize the risk of defaults by offering more lenient qualification criteria. However, consistent failure to make mortgage payments may lead to foreclosure, impacting your credit score and homeownership status.
Today’s FHA loan rates
Now is an opportune time to consider an FHA loan, with current mortgage rates being historically competitive.
FHA loan interest rates are typically among the most competitive. To capitalize on these favorable rates, start by comparing offers from FHA-approved lenders.
Finding the most affordable loan could be just a few clicks away. Begin your journey towards homeownership today by exploring your options and discovering the best rates available for your financial situation.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
NAR chief economist Lawrence Yun said that while immediate contract activity has not increased, there is a growing interest among potential buyers. “Although declining mortgage rates did not induce more homebuyers to submit formal contracts in November, it has sparked a surge in interest, as evidenced by a higher number of lockbox openings,” Yun said … [Read more…]
Home loans for nurses come in various forms, specifically designed to cater to the unique needs of healthcare workers.
Beyond these specialized mortgage options, numerous local and national assistance programs can also offer financial help — like with down payments and closing costs.
Find the best home loan program for you. Start here
However, just because you’re a nurse doesn’t mean a specialized “nurse home loan” is best. You might find you can buy a home more easily with a standard mortgage program. So do your research and choose carefully.
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Are there special home loans for nurses?
Yes, there are special home loans for nurses that are designed to meet their unique financial and professional circumstances. These specialized mortgage options often come with benefits like lower interest rates, reduced down payments, and more flexible qualification criteria.
Additionally, there are grants for nurses and various local and national assistance programs that provide financial aid. These can be particularly helpful in covering down payments and closing costs, making the home-buying process more accessible, especially for nurses who are first-time homebuyers.
6 best home loans for nurses
When looking for the best home loan programs for nurses, it’s worth considering a mix of both specialized and standard options.
We recommend six mortgage programs in total—two are specialized home loans for nurses, while the other four are standard loan programs open to almost anyone. Surprisingly, you may find that a mainstream mortgage program, rather than a nurse-specific one, ends up being your best fit.
Find the best home loan program for you. Start here
To give a quick overview, the six best home loans for nurses are:
Nurse Next Door program
Homes for Heroes
Conventional mortgages
FHA mortgages
VA mortgages
USDA mortgages
Let’s dig into each program in a little more detail.
1. Nurse Next Door program
The Nurse Next Door1 program is not a “true” mortgage loan program. It does not lend money or originate loans. Rather, it’s a home buyer assistance program that will help match you with the right property, mortgage, and aid program for your needs (if required).
Nurse Next Door provides grants for nurses of up to $8,000 (where available) and down payment assistance of up to $10,681. You may also reduce closing costs by eliminating a home appraisal and other fees.
Keep in mind that grants are generally only awarded to nurses and medical professionals who are first-time buyers purchasing a primary residence. This means that you must refrain from using the funds for an investment property or vacation home.
Before you use this program, though, check that you can’t get more generous grants or loans from your state or local down payment assistance program.
2. Homes for Heroes: Healthcare professionals
Homes for Heroes2 is another nationwide homeowner assistance program that aims to make buying a new home more affordable for firefighters, law enforcement, teachers, military, and medical professionals.
The website says, “Most heroes save at least $3,000 when they buy or sell a home with us. When you add up savings from real estate agents, loan officers, title companies, home inspectors, and other everyday deals, the savings are way beyond what you’ll get from other national programs.”
Note that you must use real estate professionals recommended by Homes for Heroes to benefit. Again, check other local programs to ensure this is your best option before buying.
3. Conventional loans for nurses
Conventional mortgages are the most popular type of home loan available today. These loans are not backed by the government, like others on this list, but most conform to the rules laid down by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are two government-sponsored enterprises. This is why they’re also referred to as “conforming loans.”
Conventional loans require a credit score of 620 or better. But they offer a low down payment option of only 3% of the purchase price to qualify. Although, if your down payment is less than 20%, you’ll need to pay for private mortgage insurance (PMI), which means higher monthly payments.
4. FHA loans for nurses
Nurses and medical professionals with a credit score between 580 and 620 could opt for a mortgage backed by the Federal Housing Administration, an FHA loan. This type of loan is popular with first-time home buyers because of its flexible approval guidelines.
FHA loans also have a low down payment option of 3.5%. But you will have to pay mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) for the life of the loan. Note that MIP is different from private mortgage insurance on a conventional loan. Still, many FHA buyers simply refinance out of mortgage insurance down the road when their credit scores improve.
Consider opting for a conforming loan if you can. Because of those, you can escape mortgage insurance costs more easily and cheaply.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
5. VA loans for nurses
Backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, a VA loan is an option for nurses who have served or are still serving in the military. If you’re eligible, this will likely be your best bet.
Lenders set their own credit score thresholds, usually between 580 and 660. But you need no down payment. And you’ll be in line for a below-market interest rate, no private mortgage insurance, and low closing costs.
VA buyers must pay a one-time VA funding fee that is typically between 2.3% and 3.6% of the loan amount. However, many borrowers roll this fee into their loan balance, so they don’t have to pay it upfront.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
6. USDA loans for nurses
The US Department of Agriculture backs USDA mortgages. These, too, require no down payment. But you’ll likely need a score of 640 or better. Similar to the VA loan, a USDA mortgage frequently has lower interest rates than the “going” rate.
You must also meet household income limits and buy a home in a designated rural area. Some suburbs are included. Use the USDA’s maps to find out whether the place where you want to buy is eligible.
Find out if you qualify for a USDA loan. Start here
Grants for nurses
Most of the home loan programs for nurses we highlighted above can be used with down payment assistance (DPA) programs, which could help cover your down payment and closing costs.
Check your home buying options. Start here
All states and many cities and counties offer grants and DPA programs for first-time buyers. There are thousands of these across the country. In some places, you can get home buying assistance running into the tens of thousands of dollars.
Some of these down payment assistance programs offer special privileges to nurses and other essential workers. To find one that covers the area where you want to buy, read this article or check out your state’s page on the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) website.
Note that each DPA sets its own eligibility requirements and caps the amount of money it will grant or lend you. So you’ll have to do a bit of research to find out what you could be in line for and whether you qualify.
Nurse home loans from private lenders
Some private mortgage lenders offer reduced closing costs or other perks for nurses. For example, Homes for Champions (RealFi Home Funding Corp.) says that it’s offering for nurses and doctors can save you “up to 2.00% to 3.00%” by eliminating many fees normally due on closing.
But this company is a licensed direct lender in only 13 states, plus Washington DC: CT, DE, FL, GA, MD, NC, NJ, NY, PA, SC, TX, and VA.
Find the best home loan program for you. Start here
Other companies or organizations also offer help to homebuyers who are nurses.
One such program is the Everyday Hero Housing Housing Assistance Fund. It seems that it refunds seller concessions negotiated by specialist real estate agents. You wouldn’t be alone in assuming that’s a scam. Although it has an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau. So it may be worth checking out. Remember that seller concessions are hard to obtain in sellers’ markets, which most are at the time of this writing.
Meanwhile, Nurse Home Loan Programs says its goal is “to educate and connect our Nurses with the best home loan solutions for them all over the country.”
It might be worth talking to one of the company’s specialists if your applications are getting rejected. Because that does sometimes happen with lenders that don’t understand nurses’ special working conditions, such as overtime and differential income, or that struggle to grasp the challenges of high student debt and travel nurses’ seemingly chaotic employment records. (More on those and similar challenges below.)
How to overcome home buying challenges as a nurse
Qualifying for a mortgage as a nurse often comes with its own set of hurdles. Lenders are generally focused on income verification, but they may lack a comprehensive understanding of how the nursing profession is structured.
As a result, you might find yourself in the position of having to explain why nurses should be considered a special case in the mortgage application process.
Check your home buying eligibility. Start here
Here are some tips to help you qualify for a nurse home loan.
Nursing income for mortgages
Of course, your basic pay should count toward your qualifying income when applying for a mortgage. But it can become more complicated when it comes to overtime, shift differentials, and “extra” pay.
With those, lenders are likely to look back over the last couple of years to see your average gross pay. If you recently had a schedule change or took on more hours, that might not count toward your income right away.
For example, if you’ve only just started earning the higher hourly rate for night shifts, lenders are unlikely to consider that when deciding how much you can borrow. It might help to get your employer to write the lender, verifying that this will be a long-term arrangement.
You can also write an explanatory letter with your application, telling the lender why you think it should take more of your income into account. Sometimes, this strategy works. But not always.
Travel nurses
Travel nurses sometimes have to seek out lenders that understand their work.
You know that you can hop from contract to contract and agency to agency and never skip a beat, except when you choose to take a vacation. But to a lender, your employment record looks patchy and might suggest you can’t hold down a job.
Again, you can explain to lenders how your employment works. If one won’t listen, move on to those who will.
Student debt
As higher nursing qualifications become more valuable, many nurses take on high levels of student debt. That can affect your home-buying budget because of your debt-to-income ratio (DTI).
Lenders worry that borrowers cannot comfortably afford their mortgage payments and other homeownership costs if they have too many other debts. Unfortunately, student loans can compound that debt burden.
There are ways to drive down your DTI, including paying off big monthly debts with small balances. For example, if your auto loan payments are high but you’ve nearly paid them off, get rid of them before applying for your mortgage.
Nurse.org has an excellent article that goes into more detail about applying for a mortgage as a nurse. And it covers most of what we’ve said and more. You can learn more here.
Listen to The Ask Nurse Alice Podcast!
How to choose the right home loan for nurses
Finding the ideal mortgage is an important step in the home-buying process, and for nurses, this choice may be affected by a number of factors.
While there’s no one-size-fits-all answer, the best home loan for nurse practitioners will depend on individual circumstances such as credit score, down payment, and even military service.
Check your home buying eligibility. Start here
When should nurses consider a VA loan?
If you have served or are currently serving in the military, either as a nurse or in another capacity, a VA loan is likely your best option.
VA loans come with several benefits, including no down payment and no private mortgage insurance (PMI), making them an attractive choice for those who qualify.
When should a nurse choose a conventional loan?
For nurses who have never served in the military but have a good credit score and a decent down payment, a conventional loan is often the next best option.
These loans typically offer competitive interest rates and may require a lower down payment compared to other loan types.
When should nurses use an FHA loan?
If your credit score falls within the 580–619 range, an FHA loan might be your best bet. The Federal Housing Administration is backing these loans, which are more forgiving of lower credit scores.
However, they do require an upfront mortgage insurance premium and ongoing monthly premiums.
When should a nurse choose a USDA loan?
Lastly, for nurses and eligible healthcare workers with limited savings who are looking to buy in a rural area, a USDA loan could be the perfect fit, provided your household income meets the eligibility criteria.
These loans offer 100% financing, meaning no down payment is required, and they also have lower mortgage insurance costs.
FAQ: Home loans for nurses
Do nurses get discounts on mortgages?
Yes, there are special home loan programs for nurses that offer discounts on mortgages. These programs are designed to assist healthcare professionals like registered nurses, nurse practitioners, and even travel nurses in buying a home. The discounts may vary by state and lender, so it’s a good idea to shop around and inquire about home loan assistance for nurses.
Is it easier for nurses to get a mortgage?
While nurses may have stable incomes, the mortgage application process can be complex due to the unique structure of nursing pay, which often includes overtime and shift differentials. Travel nurses may face additional hurdles as their employment can appear inconsistent to lenders. However, there are home loan programs for nurse practitioners that offer relaxed qualification criteria, making the mortgage application process more straightforward.
Do nurses get better interest rates?
While various factors, such as credit score and debt-to-income ratio, affect interest rates, nurses may be able to obtain better interest rates through specialized home loan programs. These programs may offer competitive rates as part of the package. It’s advisable to consult with different lenders to find the best loan type in terms of interest rates.
Can I get a mortgage as a new nurse?
Absolutely, you can get a mortgage as a new nurse. Many lenders offer home loan programs for nurses that don’t require a long employment history in the field. However, you may need to provide proof of employment and your nursing license. If you’re a first-time home buyer, there are also specific loans tailored to your needs, like first-time home buyer loans for nurses.
Are there home loans for nurses?
Yes, there are home loans for nurses with bad credit. While having a lower credit score can be a hurdle in the mortgage application process, certain programs are designed to help nurses overcome this challenge. FHA loans, for example, are more forgiving of lower credit scores and may be a suitable option if your credit falls within the 580–619 range. Additionally, some specialized nurse home loan programs offer more flexible qualification criteria, which can be beneficial for those with less-than-perfect credit. It’s always a good idea to consult with a mortgage advisor to explore all your options.
What are today’s mortgage rates?
Nurses can often find excellent deals when they take advantage of healthcare-oriented mortgage and assistance programs.
But don’t stop at finding the right loan program. You should also shop around for the best mortgage lender.
Each lender you apply to will probably present you with a different set of mortgage rates and closing costs. So get quotes from several and pick the one with the best deal for you.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Verification, Lien Release Products; Relying on Interest Rate Predictions? STRATMOR Outlook
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Verification, Lien Release Products; Relying on Interest Rate Predictions? STRATMOR Outlook
By: Rob Chrisman
Thu, Jan 4 2024, 11:00 AM
“My dad always said to me, ‘Work until your bank account looks like a phone number’ so I did. Account balance: $9.11.” You can work harder, or you can work smarter. (I have severe doubts about the validity of this clip; it gave me the willies watching it.) Swimming is certainly a competitive sport. Do you have competitors? Most businesses do. Which is a reason that hotels offer free ice, thanks to a hotel chain that began in Memphis, TN. If the Mortgage Bankers Association is right, and volume does pick up some in 2024, that doesn’t mean the competition to do that business is going to go away. Numbers game. 5 calls, 25 a week, one closed loan $4k, two loans $8k. At these rates, less competition. If rates come down, competition for inventory just increases. (Today’s podcast can be found here, and this week’s is sponsored by the STRATMOR Group, the data-driven mortgage advisory. At STRATMOR, insights and knowledge are applied to guide mortgage clients to make sound strategic decisions and take actions that improve their success. Hear an interview with the STRATMOR Group’s Garth Graham on if industry forecasts for a better market should lead to industry optimism.)
Broker and Lender Programs and Software
Servicers know how much work it takes to release a lien once a mortgage has been paid off. That’s why they’re turning to the new Automated Lien ReleaseSM (ALR) capability in the ICE MSP® servicing system to help lighten the load at the end of a loan. ALR combines document creation and automated workflows to streamline the lien release process. It helps with eSigning and eRecording where available (and prints the release package for wet sign where it’s not) to help servicers cut through the delays and release liens faster. Read the press release to see how you can start releasing fully paid liens in days instead of weeks.
Truv is now an approved third-party service provider supporting Freddie Mac Loan Product Advisor® asset and income modeler (AIM) Revolution Mortgage estimates that they can save up to $20,000 in cost on verifications with TRUV over competitors. “Let’s talk about our documentation costs and those giant monopolies that are out there and laughing at customers and increasing prices because they have a particular monopoly. You want to lower your manufacturing costs” said Femi Ayi, EVP Operations. Contact TRUV today to discuss how we can help you with your income, employment, insurance, and asset verifications. Come join us!
Be Wary of Relying on Interest Rate Predictions
I am asked all the time, “Hey Rob, where do you think rates will be in six months?” My answer, after I say that I can’t even predict where I’m going to have lunch tomorrow, is always the same, “Higher, or lower, or possibly the same.” Or sure, one can have a prediction until a ship becomes stuck in the Suez Canal, a ship is attacked in the Red Sea, or a pandemic occurs. A recent STRATMOR blog is titled, “Interest Rates are Like the Weather? Or Like Signs of the Zodiac?”
The interest rate markets have a way of humbling almost all the ‘experts’ and the very first thing you learn in Secondary Marketing is that you shouldn’t take a view on where rates are headed because half the time, you’re wrong anyway. In Q4 of 2022 the arm-chair prognosticators were predicting that we’d see rates come down by the end of 2023. After reaching a peak in October, Treasury rates did come down to where they were at the beginning of 2023. But mortgage rates were well into the 7 percent range.
The Federal Reserve, in its attempts to control inflation and cool a very strong economy, raised fed funds several times in 2023. Throughout the year, however, we heard, inside the world of mortgage banking, opinions expressed that rates will not only come down, but when to expect this to happen. Based upon what data, one should ask, are their views speculative, biased, or just hopeful?
I would challenge these prognosticators as to the reasons why mortgage rates are positioned to fall. What leads them to predict that? I’m sure some opinions are based on fundamentals: Fed raises rates to control inflation, money is taken out of the economy, the economy cools, Fed cuts rates, and mortgages come down to some predicted level. A lot of the predictions I see are not rooted in actuality, but rather rooted in exuberance for mortgage banking.
In the summer of 2023, little of the macro data even hinted at a reduction of short-term interest rates. Inflation, which has been grinding lower, was a tad north of 4 percent with the Federal Reserve’s target set at 2 percent. Economists have modeled that unemployment would need to reach as high as 7 percent in order for inflation to come down to 2 percent… Not a pretty picture. Remember, when an economy ‘slows’ jobs are not created, historically they’re lost.
The Fed was relatively “hawkish” in its monetary policy for the remainder of 2023 until the end. Anyone predicting where interest rates will be in the future would need to start by predicting where the Federal Funds rate NEEDS to be in order to see inflation that’s appealing to the Fed, and then ultimately, HOW LONG rates needs to remain there; when is it warranted to reduce borrowing rates under recessionary fears? These are two almost impossible questions to answer since the number of variables that you need to get right, coupled with unpredictable world events, play such a strong role in forecasting interest rates.
A year from now, rates will either be higher, lower or the same. So, focus on your products and services!
Capital Markets
Ever wondered how to hedge a mortgage pipeline? Hedging one’s mortgage pipeline typically produces the greatest return over long-term macroeconomic cycles, which is why it is considered an essential step in the growth of a mortgage lender. In MCT’s whitepaper, Mortgage Pipeline Hedging 101, their experts explain what hedging is and why it is a valuable strategy for maximizing profitability in the secondary market. The whitepaper also reviews information on moving to mandatory loan sales, the strategy of hedging, the benefits of hedging, and how to determine if you are ready. Download the whitepaper or join MCT’s newsletter for upcoming releases.
Turning to interest rates, what’s that you say? Markets have gotten ahead of the Fed again? Gasp! Yes, markets aren’t looking all that cheerful in the new year. I don’t put much opinion in here, but I’d say it’s because of investors’ own doing. The added potential for interest rates to stay high for some time is forcing investors to continue to unwind optimistic trades placed in late 2023. The Federal Reserve’s policy makers poured water on predictions of early 2024 interest rate cuts, revealed the minutes from the most recent Federal Open Market Committee meeting, with several voting members seeing the potential for the fed funds rate range to stay at a peak level for longer than the market expects.
Policymakers did acknowledge that we are probably at the peak of rates and that projections show cuts by year-end. Richmond Fed President Barkin cautioned that the potential for more rate hikes remains alive, called a soft landing “increasingly conceivable but in no way inevitable,” and added that any decision on a March cut is a “long way away.” Staff projections point to rate cuts by the end of 2024, but officials do not seem to be supportive of a series of cuts at this time.
The minutes from the Federal Open Market Committee meeting hinted at hard landing concerns amongst board members while recognizing that they could “face a tradeoff between its dual-mandate goals in the period ahead.” Fortunately, there were more indications of optimism about inflation, which is supported by the latest jobs data showing cooling.
U.S. job openings fell in November to 8.79 million in November, the lowest level since early 2021 as fewer workers voluntarily quit and the number of hires fell. People who voluntarily left their jobs as a share of total employment fell to the lowest point since September 2020, signifying that Americans are feeling less confident in their ability to find new jobs or better paying jobs in the current market.
Separately, we also learned yesterday that the December ISM Manufacturing PMI indicated an ongoing contraction in the manufacturing sector, but at a slower pace than the previous month. December marked the 14th straight month the PMI reading has been in contractionary territory. The report was not devoid of good market news, as the Prices Index reflected a further easing of inflation pressures.
Today’s calendar sees some early labor market indicators ahead of tomorrow’s payrolls report. Markets have already received December job cuts from Challenger, Gray & Christmas (34,817 cuts in December, down 24 percent from the 45,510 cuts announced in November) as well as ADP employment for November (164k, higher than expected), and initial (202k, down from 218k) and continued (1.855 million) jobless claims. Later today brings the final December S&P Global services PMI, Treasury announcing the details of next week’s mini-Refunding (consisting of $52 billion 3-year notes, $37 billion reopened 10-year notes, and $21 billion 30-year bonds), and Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices worse .125-.250, the 10-year yielding 3.98 after closing yesterday at 3.91 percent, and the 2-year at 4.36 after a spate of employment data.
Employment
It’s a new year and Merchants Bank, is off and running, continuing to leverage its diversified business model to grow market share and assist Merchant’s lending partners. Merchants Bank’s Correspondent channel, offering Non-Delegated and Delegated options, recently hired Liberty Tribe as Sales Executive to help grow TX and the Mid South Region. Liberty along with Dan Hastings, CMB, AMP cover the Mid-South (TX, LA, AR, MO, OK, KS). In addition, Merchants is expanding its Financial Institutions channel by adding a Mini-Correspondent offering to their TPO Wholesale platform. If you are interested in learning more, contact Rob Wilson. On the Retail front, Merchants Bank continues to grow there as well and if you are looking for stability, support and products, they want to hear from you. Contact Ron Berry for more information. Their LO centric platform along with the strength and balance sheet of the bank allows them to expand market share in their regional markets.
Planet Home Lending’s new Vice President, Construction Sales Melony Harpe is paving the way for Planet MLOs to increase their construction loan volume in 2024. Interested in building your construction business? Join Planet and you’ll have support for calls with builders, resolving construction issues, and educating stakeholders. “I want MLOs and retail branches to feel confident and supported in their construction lending efforts,” Harpe said. “My role is to give MLOs the tools and resources needed to navigate the complexities of construction lending and expand their connections with builders.” To lay the foundation for a better 2024, contact VP of Talent Peter Briggs or 949-202-8213; all inquiries will be held in strict confidence.
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Mortgage rates barely changed this week, but experts still expect further declines in 2024.
The average rates for 30-year loans inched up to 6.62% from 6.61% a week ago, according to tracking by Freddie Mac on Thursday. Aside from this week’s minuscule rise, rates have been declining for weeks since late October, falling nearly 117 basis points from a 12-month high of 7.79% at the end of October.
Those recent declines have boosted homebuyers’ ability to purchase homes, but further affordability improvement could be curbed by a continual supply shortage, especially if lower rates bring back sidelined demand.
“While mortgage interest rates are expected to overall decline in 2024, minor fluctuations in weekly mortgage interest rates are to be expected,” Jessica Lautz, National Association of Realtors’ deputy chief economist, wrote to Yahoo Finance.
“The biggest demand is likely to come from those who had been priced out of the homebuying market. For spring, there will likely be competition among the steady share of all-cash homebuyers and first-time buyers trying to edge in,” Lautz added.
Read more: Mortgage rates decline. Is 2024 a good time to buy a house?
Rate drop improving affordability
The national median monthly mortgage payment on purchase applications fell by $62 to $2,137 in November from the month prior, according to the Purchase Application Payments Index (PAPI).
“Homebuyer affordability improved in November, with a decline in mortgage rates, providing relief to prospective homebuyers,” Edward Seiler, MBA’s associate vice president, said in a press release. “MBA expects that affordability conditions will continue to improve as mortgage rates decline, which should generate increased demand heading into the spring homebuying season.”
A decrease in PAPI — indicating stronger affordability — can be attributed to a reduction in borrowed loan amounts, a drop in mortgage rates, and an increase in incomes.
However, homebuyers’ ability to afford homes is still lower than a year ago. Mortgage applicants are paying $160 more, or 8.1% higher, each month compared to the national median mortgage 12 months ago. While rates didn’t increase substantially this week, homebuyers today are still paying 14 basis points more than 12 months ago, when the average 30-year mortgage rate was 6.48% on Jan. 5, 2023, according to Freddie Mac rates archive.
Read more: How to buy a house in 2024
Many experts are predicting further rate drops in 2024, though. As the US economy is expecting a soft landing — where inflation curbs without a national recession — rates are poised to drop to around 6% or potentially lower by the end of 2024.
“If inflation continues to show signs of improvement and the bond market remains less turbulent than during much of 2023, mortgage rates should at the very least stabilize this year, if not show sustained declines,” Jacob Channel, LendingTree’s senior economist, predicted for 2024 housing and economic market.
Affordability curbed by lack of listing
Housing experts warned that limited inventory could restrain affordability improvement achieved by declining rates. Without adequate supply, sidelined prospective buyers returning to the market could outpace the housing supply and increase competition.
“Homeowners may still be reticent to move from low interest rate mortgages, which may be in the 2.5% to 3.5% range, until they are in a situation where a life or job change occurs forcing them to reconsider their living situation,” Lautz said.
Total inventory of unsold existing homes, not including new constructions, declined 1.7% from the previous month to 1.13 million units at the end of November, according to the National Association of Realtors. This is the equivalent of 3.5 months of supply on the market, nearly 2.5 months lower than what experts believe to be a balanced and healthy market of 6 months.
For context, today’s existing home inventory levels are relatively close to the record low of 860,000 units in January 2022 compared to the record high of 4.04 million units in July 2007.
But inventory could still see a slight uptick as more sellers reach their “tipping point,” or the rate level at which homeowners are willing to sell their homes. Most homeowners — nearly 92% — have rates below 6%, Redfin says. But as rates drop to 6% or below, more owners could be open to selling. This would reverse the mortgage rate lock phenomenon that slowed the housing market in 2023 when most homeowners refrained from selling to keep their lower-than-market rates.
However, experts don’t expect a significant jump in inventory that could bring down home prices, as roughly 4 in 5 homeowners still have rates below 5%, and one-quarter have rates below 3%.
“We are not going to see a big turnaround,” Danielle Hale, Realtor’s chief economist, said on 2024’s affordability challenges during NAR’s Real Estate Forecast Summit. “But I do think we are going to see baby steps in the right direction.”
Rebecca Chen is a reporter for Yahoo Finance and previously worked as an investment tax certified public accountant (CPA).
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Mortgage rates began dropping steadily in the last months of 2023, down to 6.61% for a 30-year, fixed-rate loan in the last days of the year, according to data from Freddie Mac.
But 85% of American homeowners remain locked into pre-pandemic mortgage rates of 5% and lower, making them hesitant to sell their home only to purchase another when both home prices and interest rates remain elevated.
Mortgage experts, however, predict that the market may shift in 2024, although not as dramatically as some would hope.
“Mortgage rates will fall to about 6.6% by the end of 2024. The gradual decline in rates combined with the small dip in prices will bring homebuyers some much-needed relief,” Redfin Chief Economist Daryl Fairweather told USA Today.
Jeff Taylor, founder and managing director at Mphasis Digital Risk, agreed that 30-year fixed rates will stay will in the “mid-6%” range.
National Association of Realtors chief economist Lawrence Yun made a bold prediction regarding the market. “A marked turn can be expected as mortgage rates have plunged in recent weeks,” he said.
However, even with interest rates falling, the lack of single-family homes on the market may keep prices elevated.
“While single-family housing starts have steadily increased throughout 2023, it will take years of accelerated new home construction to narrow the supply shortage gap from more than a decade of underbuilding,” Odeta Kushi, Deputy Chief Economist at First American, told USA Today.
Further, with existing homeowners refusing to sell because interest rates won’t match what they secured pre-pandemic, the housing shortage is destined to continue through 2024.
The rising costs of home insurance is also deterring new homebuyers, according to a recent Newsweek article. Real estate investors told the publication that it may be harder to get a mortgage in states like Florida, which is prone to extreme weather such as hurricanes, floods and tornadoes. If you can’t insure a home, you can’t secure a mortgage for its purchase. Current homeowners may experience rate hikes, too, but once a home is insured, it’s easier to maintain a policy than to write a new one.
California, Louisiana, Texas and Colorado also experienced rate hikes in 2023, as previously reported by GoBankingRates. Other states may be susceptible to future rate hikes, according to HUB Private Client research. These states include Minnesota, Missouri, Indiana and South Dakota, which is alarming as they were not previously considered areas at high-risk of weather-related claims.
But even with rising costs, 2024 could be the first year the U.S. sees an uptick in new home construction, as predicted by Robert Dietz, Chief Economist for the National Association of Home Builders.
“Due to low existing inventory, new construction has increased to approximately one-third of total single-family inventory in recent months when historically it was only 10% to 15%,” he said.
After declines in 2022 and 2023, the increase in new construction could help alleviate some of the housing shortage. But even an increased inventory of new homes won’t make a significant difference in the housing market for 2024. “Home prices keep marching higher,” Yun told USA Today. “Only a dramatic rise in supply will dampen price appreciation.
In the first week of 2024, mortgage rates continued to stick around the mid 6% mark.
The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6.62% as of Jan. 4, a slight increase from the 6.61% rate recorded on Dec. 28, according to Freddie Mac‘s Primary Mortgage Market Survey released on Thursday. The 15-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 5.89% this week, down from 5.93% the prior week. HousingWire’s Mortgage Rates Center showed Optimal Blue’s average 30-year fixed rate on conventional loans at 6.68% on Thursday, up from 6.56% recorded at the same time last week.
“Between late October and mid-December, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage plummeted more than a percentage point,” Freddie Mac Chief Economist Sam Khater said in a statement. “However, since then rates have moved sideways as the market digests incoming economic data.”
Given the expectation of rate cuts this year from the Federal Reserve, Khater expects mortgage rates to continue drifting downward.
“While lower mortgage rates are welcome news, potential homebuyers are still dealing with the dual challenges of low inventory and high home prices that continue to rise,” he added.
One year ago this week, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage stood at 6.48%, while the 15-year rate stood at 5.73%.
Lower rates attract homebuyers back to the market but difficulties persist
According to a Realtor.com survey, 11% of surveyed prospective homebuyers said that they would be able to buy a home if rates went below the 7% threshold. Another 12% of surveyed homebuyers said that rates would need to dip below 6% for them to be able to buy a home. Meanwhile, more than a quarter (28%) said rates would need to dip below 4% to bring them into the market.
Currently, the typical outstanding mortgage rate is still under 4%. This discrepancy is not creating any incentive for sellers to sell their homes in the current rate environment, according to Realtor.com Economic Research Analyst Hannah Jones.
However, the cost of buying a home did come down in December, sending an encouraging signal to the market. As per a Redfin study, the median U.S. mortgage payment was $2,361 during the four weeks ending December 31, down $372 (-14%) from October.
According to Bright MLS Chief Economist Lisa Sturtevant, the lack of inventory remains the main issue, keeping home prices elevated.
“Young buyers are having to delay buying a home as it takes them longer to save for a down payment and they often have to make offers on multiple homes before they are successful,” Sturtevant said. “Many first-time homebuyers have been priced out of the market altogether.”
Sturtevant expects the lack of inventory to remain a challenge this year even as mortgage rates fall.
While average mortgage rates increased by a single basis point this week, they should move lower going forward in 2024 as inflation cools and the Federal Reserve reverses course, Freddie Mac said.
The Primary Mortgage Market Survey put the 30-year fixed at 6.62%, compared with 6.61% one week prior and 6.48% one year ago. It is the first increase in 10 weeks.
The 15-year FRM moved down 4 basis points to 5.89%, compared with 5.93% the prior week and 5.73% for the same period in 2023.
“Between late October and mid-December, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage plummeted more than a percentage point,” said Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist, in a press release. “However, since then rates have moved sideways as the market digests incoming economic data.”
Zillow’s rate tracker has the 30-year FRM at 6.26% on Thursday morning, up 1 basis point from the prior day but down 3 basis points from the previous week’s average.
“The latest economic data is stronger than expected, meaning fewer policy rate cuts than previously thought could be in the cards for 2024,” said Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans in a Wednesday evening statement.
Divounguy pointed to a couple of trends that might not be beneficial to rate movements. The tight labor market is likely to be a boon for housing, but it could also put less downward pressure on bond yields. The U.S. Treasury is expected to borrow $816 billion in the first quarter, likely bringing upward tension on those yields.
“While the last FOMC meeting sent rates falling at the end of 2023, market participants and the Fed will be looking for more disinflation in the new year,” Divounguy said. “Otherwise, Treasury yields could surge back up, pulling mortgage rates up with them.”
The benchmark 10-year Treasury, which had gotten back down to 3.79% on Dec. 27, was close to the 4% mark as of noon on Thursday morning.
“Given the expectation of rate cuts this year from the Federal Reserve, as well as receding inflationary pressures, we expect mortgage rates will continue to drift downward as the year unfolds,” Freddie Mac’s Khater said. “While lower mortgage rates are welcome news, potential homebuyers are still dealing with the dual challenges of low inventory and high home prices that continue to rise.”
But signs of change are emerging. December’s lower mortgage rates led to a 5% year-over-year increase in net new listings, real estate brokerage HouseCanary said.
“With that said, any market turns are likely to be slow,” said HouseCanary CEO Jeremy Sicklick in a press release. “The mortgage rate lock-in effect is going to keep many would-be sellers who secured pre-pandemic mortgage rates of sub 5% little incentive to move, meaning low inventory will be a continuing trend.”
If you’ve been sitting on the housing market sidelines because of sky-high mortgage rates, there’s good and bad news heading into 2024. The good? Mortgage rates are expected to drop in the new year. The bad? They probably won’t drop as much as you’d like.
“The pandemic was too hot; 2023 was too cold,” says Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist at First American Financial Corporation, a title insurance and settlement services provider. “2024 won’t be just right, but it will be heading in a normalizing direction.”
Mortgage rates climbed for most of 2023, reaching nearly 8%—a level not seen in two decades. Though a far cry from the double-digit highs of the 1970 and 80s, for hopeful buyers, those rates crushed affordability. And for would-be sellers, they had a lock-in effect. Homeowners who might have otherwise sold instead stayed put not wanting to lose existing—much-lower—interest rates.
Keeping with many other housing economists, Kushi expects mortgage rates to decline in 2024—but only a modest amount. Should those predictions ring true, the question is whether the drop will be enough to shift housing affordability in the right direction.
How far could mortgage rates drop in 2024?
The consensus among industry professionals is that mortgage rates will gradually decline across 2024. Here’s where experts are predicting mortgage rates will land by the end of 2024:
Source
Projected 30-year mortgage rate (by end of 2024)
Mortgage Bankers Association
6.1%
Fannie Mae
6.5%
Realtor.com
6.5%
Redfin
6.6%
National Association of Realtors
6 to 7%
At the close of 2023, the average rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 6.61%, according to Freddie Mac. While that’s about average historically—and down more than a full percentage point since rates peaked at 7.79% in October—such high rates were unthinkable just two-years ago.
Back then, the Federal Reserve was holding short-term interest rates near zero to spur the pandemic-battered economy, and mortgage lenders were offering rates below 3%. This pushed up demand for mortgages from home buyers, as well as from homeowners looking to refinance existing loans. Once the Fed started raising rates to fight inflation in March 2022, though, mortgage lenders reversed course. The result was steadily rising home-financing costs, slowing home sales and essentially nonexistent refinance demand.
The year ahead is poised to be another turning point in the mortgage world. With inflation seemingly under control, the Fed has signaled it could begin cutting interest rates in 2024, likely around midyear. While the Fed doesn’t directly determine mortgage rates, it’s likely that lenders will again follow the Fed’s lead. “Our modeling suggests a gradual, steady decline,” says Danielle Hale, chief economist at Realtor.com. (News Corp, parent of The Wall Street Journal, operates Realtor.com.)
But there are no guarantees. “The primary factor for mortgage rates is ongoing improvement in inflation,” Hale says. “If we don’t see that progress on a sustained basis, we would be looking at a very different, higher interest rate environment.”
If inflation starts rising again, rates may stay higher for longer. On the other hand, if inflation falls below the Fed’s 2% target or the economy shows signs of distress, the Fed may move to lower rates sooner than anticipated.
“After a couple of years of exceedingly low rates, we may need to redefine what a normal market is supposed to look like,” says Miki Adams, president of CBC Mortgage Agency, a mortgage lender and down payment assistance provider in South Jordan, Utah.
What lower mortgage rates could mean for home buyers
A fall in mortgage rates is obviously good news for hopeful home buyers. But will those lower rates be a game changer? Likely not for most consumers. Here’s what we can expect falling mortgage rates to look like on the ground.
Affordability will improve—a bit
Lower rates will make mortgage payments lower, but buyers shouldn’t expect any drastic improvements in affordability. On a $500,000 loan, for example, a 7% rate would mean a monthly mortgage payment of just over $3,300. At Realtor.com’s projected year-end 6.5% rate, that payment would drop to $3,160—a difference of only $140.
If rates fall as far as MBA’s predictions—6.1% and the lowest among industry forecasts—the savings could be more notable. In that same scenario, the savings would be about $270 a month.
There could be more homes for sale—and slower price growth
The high mortgage rates of 2023 haven’t just stymied buyers. They’ve also kept existing homeowners stuck in place—80% of whom have current mortgage rates under 5%.
There’s hope that lower rates in 2024 could spur some of these homeowners to enter the market, thereby increasing listings and putting downward pressure on prices. But again, experts say the impact will likely be minimal (at least from a national perspective).
“Certainly, rates dropping will help to unlock some homeowners, especially those sitting on a ton of equity,” Kushi says. “But it won’t be sufficient to unlock the majority of existing homeowners.”
Fannie Mae currently projects a 4.1% increase in home prices by the end of next year (down from 5.7% price growth this year). In some competitive housing markets, though, the impact of more listings could be felt more significantly. In Dallas, for instance, Realtor.com is projecting an 8% fall in home prices next year; over 5% in San Francisco.
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