For retirees Fred and Shelby Bivins, selling their home in Green Valley, Ariz., will enable them to realize their dream of traveling in retirement. The Bivinses have put their 2,050-square-foot Arizona home on the market and plan to relocate to their 1,600-square-foot summer condo in Fish Creek, Wis., a small community about 50 miles from Green Bay. They plan to live in Wisconsin in the spring and summer and spend the winter months in a short-term rental in Arizona, where they have family.  

Fred, 65, says the decision to downsize was precipitated by a two-month stay in Portugal last year, one of several countries they hope to visit while they’re still healthy enough to travel. “We’ve had Australia and New Zealand on our list for many years, even when we were working,” says Shelby, 68. The Bivinses are also considering a return visit to Portugal. Eliminating the cost of maintaining their Arizona home will free up funds for those trips. 

With help from Chris Troseth, a certified financial planner based in Plano, Texas, the Bivinses plan to invest the proceeds from the sale of their home in a low-risk portfolio. Once they’re done traveling and are ready to settle down, they intend to use that money to buy a smaller home in Arizona. “Selling their primary home will generate significant funds that can be reinvested to support their lifestyle now and in the future,” Troseth says. “Downsizing for this couple will be a positive on all fronts.”

Challenges for downsizers 

For all of its appeal, downsizing in today’s market is more complicated than it was in the past. With 30-year fixed interest rates on mortgages recently approaching 8%, many younger homeowners who might otherwise upgrade to a larger home are unwilling to sell, particularly if it means giving up a mortgage with a fixed rate of 3% or less. More than 80% of consumers surveyed in September by housing finance giant Fannie Mae said they believe this is a bad time to buy a home and cited mortgage rates as the top reason for their pessimism. “This indicates to us that many homeowners are probably not eager to give up their ‘locked-in’ lower mortgage rates anytime soon,” Fannie Mae said in a statement. As a result, buyers are competing for limited stock of smaller homes, says Hannah Jones, senior economic research analyst for Realtor.com. 

Here, though, many retirees have an advantage, Jones says. Rising rates have priced many younger buyers out of the market and made it more difficult for others to obtain approval for a loan. That’s not an issue for retirees who can use proceeds from the sale of their primary home to make an all-cash offer, which is often more attractive to sellers. 

Retirees also have the ability to cast a wider net than younger buyers, whose choice of homes is often dictated by their jobs or a desire to live in a well-rated school district. While the U.S. median home price has soared more than 40% since the beginning of the pandemic, prices have risen more slowly in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, Jones says. “We have seen the popularity of Midwest markets grow over the last few months because out of all of the regions, the Midwest tends to be the most affordable,” she says. “You can still find affordable homes in areas that offer a lot of amenities.” 

Meanwhile, selling your home may be somewhat more challenging than it was during the height of the pandemic, when potential buyers made offers on homes that weren’t even on the market. The Mortgage Bankers Association reported in October that mortgage purchase applications slowed to the lowest level since 1995, as the rapid rise in mortgage rates has pushed many potential buyers out of the market. Sales of previously owned single-family homes fell a seasonably adjusted 2% in September from August and were down 15.4% from a year earlier, according to the National Association of Realtors. “As has been the case throughout this year, limited inventory and low housing affordability continue to hamper home sales,” NAR chief economist Lawrence Yun said in a statement. 

However, because of tight inventories, there’s still demand for homes of all sizes, Jones says, so if your home is well maintained and move-in ready, you shouldn’t have difficulty selling it. “The market isn’t as red-hot as it was during the pandemic, but there’s still a lot to be gained by selling now,” she says.

Other costs and considerations 

If you live in an area where real estate values have soared, moving to a less expensive part of the country may seem like a logical way to lower your costs in retirement. While the median home price in the U.S. was $394,300 in September, there’s wide variation in individual markets, from $1.5 million in Santa Clara, Calif., to $237,000 in Davenport, Iowa. But before you up and move to a lower-cost locale, make sure you take inventory of your short- and long-term expenses, which could be higher than you expect. 

Selling your current home, even at a significant profit, means you will incur costs, including those to update, repair and stage it, as well as a real estate agent’s commission (typically 5% to 6% of the sale price). In addition, ongoing costs for your new home will include homeowners insurance, property taxes, state and local taxes, and homeowners association or condo fees.

Nicholas Bunio, a certified financial planner in Berwyn, Pa., says one of his retired clients moved to Florida and purchased a home that was $100,000 less expensive than her home in New Jersey. Florida is also one of nine states without income tax, which makes it attractive to retirees looking to relocate. Once Bunio’s client got there, however, she discovered that she needed to spend $50,000 to install hurricane-proof windows. Worse, the only home-owners insurance she could find was through Citizens Property Insurance, the state-sponsored insurer of last resort, and she’ll pay about $8,000 a year for coverage. Her property taxes were higher than she expected, too. When it comes to lowering your cost of living after you downsize, “it’s not as simple as buying a cheaper house,” Bunio says 

Before moving across the country, or even across the state, you should also research the availability of medical care. “Oftentimes, those considerations are secondary to things like proximity to family or leisure activities,” says John McGlothlin, a CFP in Austin, Texas. McGlothlin says one of his clients moved to a less expensive rural area that’s nowhere near a sizable medical facility. Although that’s not a problem now, he says, it could become a problem when they’re older. 

If you use original Medicare, you won’t lose coverage if you move to another state. But if you’re enrolled in Medicare Advantage, which is offered by private insurers as an alternative to original Medicare, you may have to switch plans to avoid losing coverage. To research the availability of doctors, hospitals and nursing homes in a particular zip code, go to www.medicare.gov/care-compare.

At a time when many seniors suffer from loneliness and isolation, a sense of community matters, too. Bunio recounts the experience of a client who considered moving from Philadelphia to Phoenix after her daughter accepted a job there. The cost of living in Phoenix is lower, but the client changed her mind after visiting her daughter for a few months. “She has no friends in Phoenix,” he says. “She’s going on 61 and doesn’t want to restart life and make brand-new connections all over again.”

Time is on your side 

Unlike younger home buyers, who may be under pressure to buy a place before starting a new job or enrolling their kids in school, downsizers usually have plenty of time to consider their options and research potential downsizing destinations. Once you’ve settled on a community, consider renting for a few months to get a feel for the area and a better idea of how much it will cost to live there. Bunio says some of his clients who are behind on saving for retirement or have high health care costs have sold their homes, invested the proceeds and become permanent renters. This strategy frees them from property taxes, homeowners insurance, homeowners association fees and other expenses associated with homeownership 

The boom in housing values has boosted rental costs, as the shortage of affordable housing increased demand for rental properties. But thanks to the construction of new rental properties in several markets, the market has softened in recent months, according to Zumper, an online marketplace for renters and landlords. A Zumper survey conducted in October found that the median rent for a one-bedroom apartment fell 0.4% from September, the most significant monthly decline this year. 

In 75 of the 100 cities Zumper surveyed, the median rent for a one-bedroom apartment was flat or down from the previous month. (For more on the advantages of renting in retirement, see “8 Great Places to Retire—for Renters,” Aug.)

Aging in place

Even if you opt to age in place, you can tap your home equity by taking out a home equity line of credit, a home equity loan or a reverse mortgage. At a time when interest rates on home equity lines of credit and loans average around 9%, a reverse mortgage may be a more appealing option for retirees. With a reverse mortgage, you can convert your home equity into a lump sum, monthly payments or a line of credit. You don’t have to make principal or interest payments on the loan for as long as you remain in the home. 

To be eligible for a government-insured home equity conversion mortgage (HECM), you must be at least 62 years old and have at least 50% equity in your home, and the home must be your primary residence. The maximum payout for which you’ll qualify depends on your age (the older you are, the more you’ll be eligible to borrow), interest rates and the appraised value of your home. In 2024, the maximum you could borrow was $1,149,825.

There’s no restriction on how homeowners must spend funds from a reverse mortgage, so you can use the money for a variety of purposes, including making your home more accessible, generating additional retirement income or paying for long-term care. You can estimate the value of a reverse mortgage on your home at www.reversemortgage.org/about/reverse-mortgage-calculator.

Up-front costs for a reverse mortgage are high, including up to $6,000 in fees to the lender, 2% of the mortgage amount for mortgage insurance, and other fees. You can roll these costs into the loan, but that will reduce your proceeds. For that reason, if you’re considering a move within the next five years, it’s usually not a good idea to take out a reverse mortgage.

Another drawback: When interest rates rise, the amount of money available from a reverse mortgage declines. Unless you need the money now, it may make sense to postpone taking out a reverse mortgage until the Federal Reserve cuts short-term interest rates, which is unlikely to happen until late 2024 (unless the economy falls into recession before that). Even if interest rates decline, they aren’t expected to return to the rock-bottom levels seen over the past 15 years, according to a forecast by The Kiplinger Letter. And with inflation still a concern, big rate cuts such as those seen in response to recessions and financial crises over the past two decades are unlikely. 

Note: This item first appeared in Kiplinger’s Personal Finance Magazine, a monthly, trustworthy source of advice and guidance. Subscribe to help you make more money and keep more of the money you make here.

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Source: kiplinger.com

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Broker, Fulfillment, Servicing Software Products; Housing for the Aging Population

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Broker, Fulfillment, Servicing Software Products; Housing for the Aging Population

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Thu, Dec 28 2023, 10:54 AM

If someone reports their company for tax evasion in the U.S., he or she will receive 30 percent of the amount collected. Have you ever loaned someone money and had them not pay you back? Here’s one thing that you can do to them (IRS’ 1099-C). While we’re on the general topic, despite strong retirement savings, Fidelity Investments’ Q3 2023 analysis reveals a surge in hardship withdrawals and 401(k) loans, addressing short-term financial challenges. By the numbers: 3 percent took hardship withdrawals (up from 1.8 percent in 2022). 8 percent tapped into 401(k) loans (compared to 2.4 percent last year). The silver lining? Retirement balances are on the rise, and savings rates remain steadfast. For those planning retirement, consider suggesting reverse mortgages as a game-changer. They offer an alternative, allowing access to funds without swiftly depleting hard-earned savings. If you haven’t set up reverse division at your shop, well, 10,000 people a day turn 62. Today’s podcast can be found here, and this week’s is sponsored by Gallus Insights. Mortgage KPIs, automated at your fingertips. Gallus allows you to go from data to actionable insights. If you can use Google, you can use Gallus. Hear an Interview with attorney Brian Levy on the NAR lawsuits and the implications for housing finance moving forward.

Broker and Lender Software, Products, and Programs

Are you a compliance nerd? A group of mortgage industry veterans has launched a software company for loan servicing that is getting a lot of attention. Keep your eyes and ears open for MESH software (Mortgage Enterprise Servicing Hub), which is their brand name for a series of software products aimed at loan servicers. The first product runs hundreds of compliance rules on loan portfolios daily, so servicers have a daily review of all loans against everything the CFPB, Agencies and States can throw at them. Look up “MESH Auditor”.

It’s time to start planning for the year ahead! Join the Computershare Loan Services (CLS) team from January 22 – 24 in The Big Easy for MBA’s Independent Mortgage Bankers Conference. With CLS’ originations fulfillment, co-issue MSR acquisition, subservicing, and mortgage cooperative, IMBs can streamline their operations, minimize expenses, and maximize profits. Contact the CLS team today to schedule a meeting in New Orleans.

Ring in the new year with a kinder outlook by joining us for the highly anticipated “Kind Mindset” event presented by Kind Lending. Taking place on January 16th, 2024, at The Buckhead Club in Atlanta, GA, this immersive event is designed to empower attendees with valuable insights on growth, success, and mindset. With an impressive lineup of speakers, including Kind Lending’s CEO/Founder, Glenn Stearns, and special guest Captain Charlie Plumb, 6-year Prisoner of War and former Fighter Pilot, this event promises to be a transformative and inspirational experience. Get ready to cultivate a “Kind Mindset” and embark on a journey of transformation and success. Register today.

Aging, Down Payments, and Housing Demographics

Do you think getting old is hard? The U.S. Census Bureau released a report showing that about 4 million U.S. households with an adult age 65 or older had difficulty living in or using some features of their home. About 50 million, or 40 percent, of U.S. homes had what were considered to be the most basic, aging-ready features: a step-free entryway into the home and a bedroom and full bathroom on the first floor. About 4 million or 11 percent of older households reported difficulty living in or using their home. The share increased to nearly 25 percent among households with a resident age 85 or older. Over half (about 57 percent) of older households reported their home met their accessibility needs very well, but only 6 percent of older households had plans to renovate their home in the near future to improve accessibility.

In general, Zillow expects home prices to remain roughly flat in 2024, with only a 0.2% increase in its housing market index. Existing home sales are expected to fall further to 3.74 million. Zillow does mention that this forecast does not take into account the latest forecast from the Fed, and the expectation for big rate cuts in 2024.

Falling mortgage rates have put some spring in the step of the homebuilders, according to the latest NAHB / Wells Fargo Housing Market Index. As one would expect, with mortgage rates down roughly 50 basis points over the past month or two, builders are reporting an uptick in traffic as some prospective buyers who previously felt priced out of the market are taking a second look. With the nation facing a considerable housing shortage, boosting new home production is the best way to ease the affordability crisis, expand housing inventory and lower inflation. But builders have lagged production for so many years…

Non-builder loan officers find the builder world a tough nut to crack. Many, if not most, big builders are dealing with the mortgage rate issue by subsidizing buy-downs. Builders generally build free upgrades into their models, and these funds are being used to buy down the rate. The builder gets full price for the house, loses a few points on the mortgage, which might have instead gone to upgraded countertops or something else.

Even if one can get approved for a loan, buying can still be prohibitively expensive. Receiving help from family and friends for that crucial down payment can be a major turning point for many consumers. In fact, nearly 2 in 5 homeowners (39 percent) have received down payment assistance, according to LendingTree’s Mortgage Down Payment Help Survey, of nearly 2,000 U.S. consumers. 78 percent of Gen Z homeowners reported some financial support for a down payment, mostly from their parents. 54 percent of millennials have received down payment help, followed by 33 percent of Gen Xers.

Almost a third (31 percent) of Americans think putting down 20 percent for a down payment is obligatory. However, 59 percent of current homeowners say their down payments were less than 20 percent of the home’s purchase price, and just 29 percent put down 20 percent or more. One in 10 Americans never took out a mortgage, while 15 percent had a mortgage but have since paid it off. Baby boomers are the most likely to have paid off their mortgages, at 29 percent.

As anyone shopping for a home can tell you, it’s slim pickings out there. For many years we have been seeing the biggest squeeze in the starter home category. It appears that for years part of the problem is a lack of confidence to move up to the next category. People in starter homes are staying put, which is keeping homes off the market.

Capital Markets

It was another slow news day yesterday without any meaningful economic data or news to move sentiment. However, investors are laden with optimism as a soft-landing for the economy comes into view and seem to be throwing caution to the wind with over 150 basis points of Fed Funds easing fully priced in for next year. In accordance with that, benchmark bonds rallied to fresh highs yesterday after the U.S. Treasury sold $58 billion in 5-year notes to excellent demand. The strong auction exposed some short positioning, and it invited additional late buying. That followed Tuesday’s $57 billion 2-year Treasury auction that attracted a record number of indirect buyers to snap up high yields before the Fed’s anticipated rate cuts, which are fully priced in to begin at the March meeting in just over 80 days. Yields on benchmark treasuries have dropped to levels not seen since the summer.

Today has a fuller calendar than the past two sessions in regard to economic news. We are under way with initial jobless claims (+12k to 218k, a little higher than expected), continuing claims, advanced economic indicators for November (goods trade balance, retail inventories, and wholesale inventories), none of which moved rates. Later today brings the NAR’s Pending Home Sales Index for November, Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey, and another large amount of supply from the Treasury, headlined by $40 billion 7-year notes. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices worse a few ticks (32nds), the 10-year yielding 3.81 after closing yesterday at 3.79 percent, and the 2-year is down to 4.25.

 Download our mobile app to get alerts for Rob Chrisman’s Commentary.

Source: mortgagenewsdaily.com

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In his 20 years in mortgage banking, no year has compared to 2023 in terms of difficulty, said Ben Cohen, Guaranteed Rate’s managing director and a top-producing loan officer. 

“This is a lot different than 2008 where you needed a credit score and a heartbeat to get a mortgage. Now, you need to be very qualified in order to get a mortgage,” he said. 

Coming off of the pandemic banner years, thinning origination volume, low inventory and soaring home prices made business much harder to come by for LOs in 2023. It was another brutal year, pushing loan originators to work longer hours, close loans faster while diversifying their mortgage product offerings. 

According to data from Ingenius, tens of thousands of loan officers exited the industry in 2023. In October, 67% of current LOs produced less than one unit of closed loans in October. An additional 21% closed 1.5 units per month and only 12% closed greater than 2.5 units.

With the Federal Reserve signaling interest rate cuts in 2024, mortgage rates are expected to trend lower going forward. But the industry was on a roller coaster with rates climbing near 7% in February and hitting 8% in October as the central bank battled to bring down high inflation.

LOs had to fight an uphill battle of targeting the purchase market in an environment with a rate ‘lock-in’ effect, go after first-time homebuyers and offer customized solutions to bring down monthly mortgage payments. 

“Every single client scenario is different,” said Hunter Marckwardt, executive vice president of CrossCountry Mortgage. “[The year] 2020 and 2021 was all about how quickly a lender could execute. To me, 2023 is really all about understanding a buyer’s motivation and ability to qualify, and then determining where to go from there.”

Wrapping up the year, HousingWire analyzed some of the key factors that defined 2023 for loan originators and how they stayed competitive. 

Rate ‘lock-in’ effect 

By some measures, it was always going to be a difficult year for originators. According to Black Knight data, 40% of all U.S. mortgages were originated in 2020 or 2021, when the pandemic drove borrowing costs to historic lows. The customer pool by 2023 had already shrunk dramatically.

And about 90% of mortgage holders had a rate that was less than 6%; some 80% with a rate less than 5%; and almost a third had a rate less than 3%, meaning refi opportunities would be hard to come by.

Having already secured a mortgage with a sub-4% rate, homeowners were highly reluctant to sell their homes and move into another property. 

“All things generally equal, and you’ve just wanted a little bit of a bump in the quality of your home, you’re not moving based on the difference in payments,” said Marckwardt. 

The so-called mortgage rate ‘lock-in’ effect gave homeowners an incentive to stay put, preventing more housing supply from reaching the market.

“We’ve seen a consistent theme of potential sellers – many with first-lien rates a full 3 percentage points below today’s offerings – pulling back from putting their homes on the market,” said Andy Walden, Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE) vice president of enterprise research.

“The inventory puts a cap on how much business we can do. When loan officers don’t have refinance business, half of their businesses are gone,” said Andrew Marquis, regional vice president at CrossCountry Mortgage, in a previous interview.

The lack of inventory led to rising home prices, creating multiple-offer situations in some parts of the country. It all put more pressure on affordability. 

“I’ve got several pre-approvals out there where people just can’t find what they want and the rates are throwing them off,” Don Monson, branch manager at Sente Mortgage, said of the challenges he faced in 2023. 

Targeting first-time homebuyers

Those who catered to first-time homebuyers’ needs – offering Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans and down payment assistance loans – fared relatively well compared to other colleagues who didn’t expand their target clients.  

“Loan officers, myself included, who have worked a lot with first-time buyers and have working knowledge of various programs – whether it be FHA, Home Ready/Home Possible, bond programs (DPA/grant programs). They are staying busy relative to the market,” said Michael Ullmann, producing branch leader at Movement Mortgage.

About half of Ullmann’s production in 2023 came from VA and FHA loans as well as mortgages that require down payment assistance. Most years that number is closer to 30%, said Ullmann, who’s been an LO since 2012.

Borrowers extended their qualifications beyond where they would have been in the past at lower interest rate environments, choosing FHA loans that have more lenient qualification requirements than other loans. 

“Today, in a higher interest rate environment, they (borrowers) might be pushing the limit to a 45 or 50% DTI ratio to achieve the same type of home in a higher rate environment,” said Steve Miller, branch manager and senior loan officer at Embrace Home Loans.

Mandatory mortgage insurance premiums were reduced to 55 basis points (bps) for most borrowers in February, and FHA loans tend to come with lower interest rates than conventional loans while the difference in interest rates could often be offset by the greater number of fees — including the MIP charges.

A myriad of down payment assistance programs — offered through state housing finance agencies, cities and counties — made it possible for some first-time buyers to stop renting and own a home without a large down payment. 

With origination volume thinning, nonbank lenders also rolled out DPA programs where the lender would cover 2% of the required 3% minimum down payment on a conventional loan.

Due to lack of origination volume and higher rates, mortgage lenders are “pushing the envelopes again,” said Bill Gourville, president at Atlantic Coast Financial Services

“They in the past shied away from just because there was other volume to be had. So they’re consistently pushing the envelope on programs that have technically always been available by agencies – Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA and VA – but now they’re rolling it back out,” Gourvill explained. 

Lowering monthly mortgage payments  

“The biggest factor and the biggest pain point that the consumers are having is what they’re willing to pay per month,” said Adrian Gastelum, senior vice president and branch manager at Nova Home Loans

“So when I look at what’s deterring clients right now, is sticker shock,” Gastelum added. 

As buyers’ affordability got crushed with elevated rates, homebuyers demanded that their loan originators provide options to lower monthly mortgage payments.

Temporary rate buydowns – a product that lenders started rolling out in 2022 – often made more sense for buyers planning to live in the home long term as they are more likely to have a refi opportunity during that time period. 

While a seller-funded temporary buydown may not be available depending on how hot market conditions are, builders are more willing to provide these concessions as they are more incentivized to fill up new inventory. 

“If buyers wanted to get a new build, this is definitely a good time to get a new build even with rates being a little bit higher because they’re going to come back down at some point and then you can just refinance,” said Simon Herrera, a loan officer at Highlands Residential Mortgage.

“Sellers are funding temporary rate buydowns but It’s really kind of a case by case. Builders for sure are doing it,” Herrera noted. 

Some borrowers were more comfortable permanently buying down points as they preferred predictability when it came to making monthly mortgage payments. 

“I let them know their options. These are the options you can do and here are the pros and cons of this (…) About 90% of the conversation we’re having, [I’m hearing] we don’t want to look at something temporary. We want to make sure we know what our payments are going to be,” said Jared Sawyer, a sales manager at loanDepot.

Nurturing referral partners, training agents 

Mortgage origination volume for 2023 are expected at around $1.64 trillion, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA). About 80% of that figure, or $1.32 trillion, are projected to be purchase origination. 

To go after the purchase market, LOs prioritized focusing on nurturing relationships with real estate agents — their main referral partners.

“People always know people [who are] buying. People always have friends doing something — and people [are] becoming investors buying second homes, third homes — so it’s just good to stay in front of them, because you don’t realize until you look back on how many people you actually probably lost by not staying in front of them,” said Christopher Gallo, senior vice president and mortgage consultant at CrossCountry Mortgage

“We look to follow up with those agents, invite them to lunches or dinners, coffee, etc. It’s all about the referral partner positioning. How can you make them look good in their business? Because ultimately, they want to be able to close more business, and you have to be an ally in that process. That’s the tactic that we take.” Marquis said.

Educating referral partners is key, which is why Cohen started a newsletter in March so partners can speak at a high level of what’s going on in the market. He sends them weekly updates on Fridays detailing the trends in interest rates and home prices.

“The wonderful thing about my business is everybody is a referral source, whether it’s a past client [or] a neighbor,” said Cohen.

Source: housingwire.com

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Some buyers may believe that FHA loans are for first-time home buyers and conventional mortgages are for more established buyers. However, both types of loans have their advantages for any buyer, though qualification requirements differ.

FHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, and conventional mortgages aren’t insured by a federal agency; instead, a lender assumes the risks associated with issuing the loan. 

Here are the factors to weigh when considering an FHA loan versus a conventional loan.

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How to compare FHA vs. conventional loans

FHA loans and conventional loans each have their own distinct requirements that borrowers need to meet in order to qualify. FHA loans have more flexible standards for things such as down payments and credit scores. Rates and mortgage insurance requirements also differ between the two types of loans, as do refinancing requirements. 

Here are some key differences between FHA and conventional loans.

Minimum down payments and credit scores

FHA loans are usually easier to qualify for, requiring a minimum credit score of 580 to be eligible to make a 3.5% down payment. If your credit score is 500 to 579, you may qualify for an FHA loan with a 10% down payment.

Some conventional mortgages offer a slightly lower 3% down payment, but they typically require a credit score of 620 or higher.

Keep in mind that though the FHA sets minimum scores, lenders may require higher ones. And with both conventional loans and FHA loans, you’ll be more likely to qualify and be offered a better interest rate with a higher credit score.

Debt-to-income ratios

Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is the percentage of your monthly pretax income that you spend to pay your debts, including your mortgage, student loans, auto loans, child support and minimum credit card payments. The higher your DTI, the more likely you are to struggle with your bills.

You’re more likely to qualify for an FHA loan with a DTI ratio of 50% or less, but some borrowers qualify with one above 50%. Lenders prefer borrowers to have DTIs of 36% or less for conventional mortgages, though in some cases, some lenders allow DTIs up to 50% but typically not above it.  

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Mortgage insurance

Mortgage insurance protects the lender in case of default. Conventional loans require borrowers to pay for mortgage insurance if their down payment is less than 20%. FHA loans require mortgage insurance regardless of down payment amount. 

According to Freddie Mac, you can typically expect to pay from 0.03% to 0.07% of your total loan value for private mortgage insurance for a conventional loan. This number is calculated using your loan-to-value ratio (how much you’re borrowing compared to the value of the home) and your credit score. Once you have 20% equity in your home, you can cancel PMI on a conventional loan.

Private mortgage insurance for a conventional loan can cost less than FHA mortgage insurance if your credit score is above 720.

Meanwhile, FHA mortgage insurance depends on the value and term of the loan, as well as the size of your down payment. Credit scores aren’t a factor for FHA mortgage insurance.

Effective for mortgages endorsed for FHA insurance on or after March 20, 2023, the annual premium ranges from 0.15% to 0.75% of the average outstanding loan balance. Most homebuyers will pay 0.55%, the FHA says.  

FHA mortgage insurance premiums last for the life of the loan if you make a down payment of less than 10%. If you make a down payment of 10% or more on an FHA loan, you’ll pay FHA mortgage insurance for 11 years. You’ll also pay an upfront fee, typically 1.75% of the total loan amount. This fee can be financed into the mortgage.

Mortgage rates

Rates for FHA loans can be lower than the rates offered for conventional loans. However, whether or not FHA loans actually cost less depends on your financial profile. 

For example, if you’re unable to put down at least 10% on an FHA loan, you’ll pay mortgage insurance until you’ve paid off or refinanced the loan. This means that even if your rate was initially lower than on a conventional mortgage, you’ll also be paying this additional fee long after you’ve built up sizable equity in your home. Even if you’ve put down 10% or more, you’re still locked in for 11 years. 

When comparing rates between the two loan products, consider calculating how quickly you expect to reach 20% equity. If it’s less than 11 years, any potential rate savings may not be worth it. 

Loan limits

Both conventional and FHA loans limit the amount you can borrow, and the maximum loan sizes vary by county. Regulators may change the loan limits annually.

The 2024 FHA loan limit is $498,257 in low-cost areas and $1,149,825 in expensive markets. Some counties also have limits falling between this minimum and maximum. 

Conventional loans are subject to the conforming loan limit set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. For 2024, that limit is $766,550 for most areas of the U.S. Mortgages that exceed that threshold are called jumbo loans and are subject to more stringent underwriting standards.

Property standards

The condition and intended use of the property you hope to buy are important factors when comparing FHA to conventional loans.

FHA appraisals are more stringent than conventional appraisals. Not only is the property’s value assessed, but it is also thoroughly vetted for safety, soundness of construction and adherence to local code restrictions. 

Meanwhile, appraisals for conventional loans focus more on the property’s market value. The lender wants assurance that if you can’t pay your mortgage and the property goes into foreclosure, they can recoup their investment by selling it. This won’t be possible if they’ve overpaid. 

The actual quality of the home can be evaluated through a home inspection. You may not be required to hire a home inspector, but an expert could uncover potentially costly or dangerous problems that you’ll want to know about. 

When you get an FHA loan, you have to live in the house as your primary home. Investment properties are only eligible for FHA loans if the owner occupies one of the units full time.

A conventional loan can be used to buy a vacation home or an investment property, as well as a primary residence.

Refinancing

As far as mortgage refinancing goes, the edge goes to FHA “streamline” refinancing. With the option to forgo a credit check and income verification and likely no home appraisal, it’s about as easy a refi as you can get. You’ll be required to provide evidence that the property has been your principal residence, which can be in the form of employment records or utility bills. Extenuating circumstances (like if you’ve had to enter forbearance) can trigger additional documentation requirements.

Meanwhile, Freddie Mac’s list of documentation requirements to refinance a conventional loan include:

  • At least one month of paystubs.

  • W-2s going back two years.

  • Bank and investment account statements.

  • Your most recent tax returns.

  • A copy of your homeowner’s insurance policy.

  • Your most recent mortgage statement. 

The lender will also look into your credit history and debts, similar to when you initially received your mortgage. After your loan is approved, the lender will schedule an appraisal. 

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FHA vs. conventional loans: Summary

FHA and conventional mortgages have a few key differences:

Conventional loans

  • Require higher credit scores.

  • Allow slightly smaller down payments.

  • Have more liberal property standards.

  • Require private mortgage insurance when the down payment is less than 20%, and the insurance may eventually be canceled.

FHA loans

  • Allow lower credit scores.

  • Require slightly higher down payments.

  • Have stricter property standards.

  • Make FHA mortgage insurance mandatory regardless of the down payment amount, and it can’t be canceled unless you refinance into a conventional loan or until you’ve been making payments for 11 years with a minimum down payment of 10%.

Borrowers with credit scores below 620 are unlikely to qualify for conventional mortgages, so FHA loans are the most likely option for them. Borrowers with credit scores of 720 or higher will usually find that conventional loans cost less per month. And borrowers with credit scores lower than 720 will usually find that FHA loans cost less per month.

A mortgage loan officer can help you compare FHA loans to conventional loans and answer questions about their differences.

One other thing: If you are in the military or are a veteran, a loan backed by the VA may be the way to go. VA loans usually require no down payment. And if you live in a suburban or rural area, a USDA loan could be a smart option, too.

Frequently asked questions

Source: nerdwallet.com

Apache is functioning normally

State officials have revived a popular grant program to help lower-income California homeowners build accessory dwelling units by covering some of the upfront costs. But funding is limited, so demand for aid may soon outstrip the supply of dollars.

The California Housing Finance Agency’s ADU Grant Program offers up to $40,000 to qualified homeowners to cover pre-construction costs of an ADU, including planning and permit fees for the structure. The program exhausted its initial $100 million months ago, causing the agency to stop taking applications; now, $25 million more is available for homeowners seeking help.

Obtaining a grant is not as simple as filling out a form online, however. For starters, applicants have to meet the program’s new income limits. Household income must be less than 80% of the area median income, which translates in Los Angeles County to $84,160. That’s down from 150% of the area median income in the initial round of grants.

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Applicants also need to work through a state-approved lender or “special financing participant” because the grants aren’t paid to homeowners — they’re paid to lenders. The CalHFA website lists 18 participating lenders as well as 10 governmental or nonprofit agencies, including Neighborhood Housing Services of Los Angeles County, which specializes in affordable housing.

Typically, homeowners must obtain a construction loan for an ADU from a participating lender before seeking an ADU grant. The loan will cover the costs that the grants will reimburse, including architectural designs, permits, soil tests, impact fees, property surveys, energy reports and utility hookups, the agency says. These expenses can make up a sizable portion of the cost of a new ADU, especially one built by converting a garage or other existing structure.

If you haven’t started work on an ADU yet, let alone obtained a loan, you can still get in line for a state grant. Neighborhood Housing Services, which provides construction loans for ADUs, says it will try to reserve a potential grant for anyone who emails it two pieces of information: a current mortgage statement and one month’s worth of pay stubs or other proof of income. The information, which should be sent to [email protected], should also include the person’s legal name, address and Social Security number.

A homeowner who meets the income limits but can build an ADU without a loan can still apply for a grant through NHSLA. But the agency’s construction team would have to manage the project and the grant funds, said Iris Cruz of Neighborhood Housing Services.

Grant applicants will have to sign and submit an affidavit to CalHFA attesting to several things about themselves and their plans, including that they are a U.S. citizen or legal resident; they own and have their primary residence on the property where the ADU is being built; they will use the ADU for permanent housing or long-term rentals; and the ADU will conform to local building and zoning codes. If any of those statements prove to be false, the applicant could face a prison term and a fine of up to $10,000.

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The lender, meanwhile, will have to attest that the grant applicant meets the program’s income limits.

Source: latimes.com