Planning

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Unfortunately, there are thousands of families every year struggling to get their resources because of beneficiary mistakes.

Although it is something not extremely fun or exciting to plan for, it is necessary to give thought to who your beneficiary will be in the event of your death.

Even if you have put extensive thought and planning into your life insurance plan, it may be the case that you did not put as much thought into who would gain the proceeds of your life insurance policy.

The fact of the matter is that both the selection process as well as the maintenance of your policy are equally important when it comes to when you should get life insurance.

Choosing Your Beneficiary

When writing out who will receive life insurance benefits upon your death, simply putting one-word designations like “spouse,” “children,” or “grandchildren” isn’t enough anymore.

When choosing a life insurance beneficiary, it is very important to be clear in the designations of who is going to receive the benefits after the death of the insured. 

Due to specifications regarding the wording of beneficiaries, certain members of the family may be left out, while others may be unintentionally included. For example, if you put “spouse,” then former spouses may be included in the event of a divorce.

In the case that children are the beneficiaries, then which children will be included must be specified. Are they only children from your marriage, or do children born out of wedlock count?

It becomes especially complicated when there is an ex-spouse involved, or adopted children. A specification is required if adopted children are included, or the children of a spouse which you may have adopted as well.

The same applies for any grandchildren. Also, if the children are minors, it is generally recommended that a guardian be appointed, as benefits aren’t usually paid to minors.

Depending on what state you live in there are a number of rules that you must adhere to when it comes to choosing a beneficiary.

It is also typically the case that if you are leaving your policy to a minor, they must have a guardian assigned to them at least until they are considered an adult.

Types of Beneficiaries 

A beneficiary does not necessarily have to be an individual, though. It can also be your estate, or even an organization.

The most important part about choosing a beneficiary is being extremely specific about who you are designating. A lot of people will specify by providing a social security number or some other type of unique identifier in addition to a name.

The beneficiaries can be specific, or a class. Specific beneficiaries are identified by name and relationship to the insured, while a class is identified mainly by relationship, such as “children.”

If a class is chosen as a beneficiary, who belongs to that class needs to be clearly identified, as legal complications can arise if the class isn’t distinguished.

In the event that you want to name multiple beneficiaries, the same rules apply as if you were to only have one beneficiary.

You need to be specific in the name of the person, as well as have a unique identifier. Additionally, the percentage and description of who receives what portion of the payout is equally necessary.

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Policies usually do not have a limit to the number of beneficiaries that you can claim.

Many people think that is only necessary to allocate based on round numbers as opposed to percentages, but this can lead to many problems if your policy grows in value during its life.

Changing Your Beneficiary

It is important to remember that if you do not keep your beneficiaries up to date, they will not be in the name of the person that you want the proceeds to go to. There are multiple life events that can change the status or identity of your beneficiaries.

It is extremely easy to change your beneficiaries; the hard part is remembering to do so. This is one of the most common mistakes that policyholders make in regards to their life insurance.

They name their beneficiary and then never think about it again, which can cause a whole avalanche of problems if they pass away.

There are, however, two types of beneficiaries: one of which is flexible in nature, whereas the other is not. The first type is called a revocable beneficiary. This means that the beneficiary of the policy can be changed whenever the policyholder chooses.

An irrevocable beneficiary, on the other hand, requires the sign off of the beneficiary in order to change who receives the proceeds of the policy.

This can prove difficult if the beneficiary is not acting in your best interest, or if they are not on the same page as the policyholder. As you can see, there are distinct differences between the two types of beneficiaries.

You should be very careful in choosing which type your policy has, since it could make a significant difference in the future. In just about every case, it makes more sense to go with a revocable beneficiary that allows you to change the beneficiary at any time.

This will give you more freedom in case there are any problems with the beneficiary, or if you need to change who will receive the money.

Contingent Beneficiaries

It is advisable to have several levels of contingencies. In the event that your beneficiary dies or is in some other way incapable of receiving your proceeds, there is a contingent beneficiary that is also named.

If the contingency dies as well as the beneficiary, the benefits may be left in limbo, or to be disputed by other family members.

That is why several contingencies must be clearly identified, as many complications can arise considering the possibilities of a changing family structure.

This can apply in most cases to spouses where the policyholder and the beneficiary are similar in age and could potentially die from natural causes around the same time.

In the case that you do not have a contingent beneficiary named, the proceeds will become a part of your estate. This should be avoided at all costs, as it is usually the case that the estate will be taxed heavily.

It’s always best to have a detailed plan in place regarding who would get the money if something were to happen to the beneficiary. You don’t want your life insurance policy to go to waste or be much less effective than you planned.

How Much Life Insurance Will Your Beneficiaries Need?

As important as it is to find your right beneficiary, you have to make sure that person(s) is left with enough money to cover any financial obligations you will leave behind. So, let’s take a look at some of the factors that help you decide how much coverage you need to buy.

You always need to calculate your current debt situation first.

The main goal of your life insurance plan is to give your family the money needed to pay off all your bills and debts. The number you come up with should be the baseline for how much coverage you start looking for.

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If it’s in your budget, we also suggest adding a few years worth of salary to the final total as well. Your income has helped support the family for years, and a sudden loss could bring on major lifestyle changes.

To stave that quick change, it’s best to up the value some to provide breathing room as family members cope with a drop in household income.

Another category to account for is the funeral expenses. While you may not realize it, funerals are expensive.

Funerals can come in around $10,000, and are a big expense that some might not be ready to pay. Your coverage will give your family the money they need to fulfill your family wishes.

Obtaining Affordable Life Insurance

In addition to choosing the right beneficiary, and ensuring that they will have enough money, it’s also important to get the most affordable life insurance plan available.

A lot of applicants are surprised to see how cheap a life insurance plan can be, regardless of how much life insurance you need. The following tips can help applicants obtain the most affordable life insurance plan for themselves and their loved ones: 

  • Cutting Tobacco: One of the easiest ways to get lower insurance rates is by cutting out tobacco. Users posing a much greater risk for health problems, such as cancer or heart problems, could equal a greater risk to the insurance company. By mitigating that risk they’ll be charging you much more for your insurance coverage, and that charge could be twice the quoted amount.
  • Getting in Shape: The medical exam you’ll complete is going to show the carrier a snapshot of your overall health. If you’re overweight, then your premiums are going to be around 50% higher than a person who rates healthy. When you know the date you want to apply for life insurance, it’s best to start living a healthier life a few months beforehand. Eat a little cleaner, and exercise a little more. These actions will keep your premiums down.
  • Laying Off the Gas Pedal: When the insurance company reviews your application, they are going to pull your driving records. With a lengthy accident or a ticket history, the carrier could see you as a high-risk applicant, which would translate into more expensive coverage. Slowing down on your way to work in the morning can save you hundreds of dollars every year, not to mention you won’t have to pay those expensive speeding tickets.
  • Taking Time to Compare: Our last tip is the easiest step for you: compare, compare, compare. You can make it even easier by working with us!

We have years of experience working with quality insurance companies and we’ve helped all types of applicants get the perfect plan. Our status as independent agents allows us to gather as many quotes as fast as possible and present them to you in a simple form.

Other Considerations

In most cases, there is a person or some other factor that is the catalyst for taking out a life insurance policy at all.

It is for this reason that choosing a beneficiary when it comes to buying affordable life insurance is typically a pretty painless task. There are some snags that one can face when choosing a beneficiary, though.

Your estate as the beneficiary may seem like a good idea, but it never is. Not only is your estate liable to be seized by creditors, but your estate is also heavily taxed.

If you are concerned that your estate may not be covered in regards to expenses. there are other ways to protect it other than leaving your estate as the beneficiary.

If you want to avoid this you can still name a person as a beneficiary, but also put it in writing that you want the proceeds to first be used for settling your estate. 

This is one of the best ways to ensure your estate is covered after your passing without having the life insurance policy eaten alive by taxes.

A lot of policyholders don’t put a lot of thought into who they name, or they never go back and fix the beneficiary named. Also, don’t use vague wording that may include or leave out people you don’t wish to. This can lead to a lot of complicated problems in the future.

The Bottom Line 

When deciding on life insurance beneficiaries, it is best to consider all possible situations.

While it may become complex and it is grim to think of the future deaths of you or family members, all of these things do happen.

Save your possible beneficiaries the trouble of having to dispute the distribution of benefits by defining beneficiaries as specifically as possible.

Aside from naming a beneficiary correctly, it’s vital that you also have enough life insurance coverage for your family.

Having too little insurance could leave them with thousands of dollars in leftover debt. Try speaking with a life insurance advisor to determine how to properly designate your beneficiaries.

Source: goodfinancialcents.com

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Your Guide to the Sharing Economy – MintLife Blog

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peer-to-peer lending). 

Looking for a quick definition? Keep the one below in mind.

Sharing economy definition

The sharing economy is a peer-to-peer lending system, often facilitated by online platforms, that allows individuals or small companies to share goods and services with one another.

To better understand the sharing economy, it’s helpful to see how it fits into the bigger picture of novel industries that are disrupting traditional ones. 

Sharing economy vs on-demand economy

The on-demand economy is a name for the new suite of services most people have available with their phone. “On-demand” refers to the fact that, with just a few taps, swipes, and a credit card, there are many goods and services immediately available to consumers. 

For instance, let’s say you need groceries delivered — there’s an app for that. A fleet of gig-working delivery drivers (more on that next) is ready on demand to bring you the bread, almond milk, and kale that you need ASAP. 

How does this differ from the sharing economy? When investors, economists, and consumers talk about the sharing economy, they are referring more specifically to services that facilitate sharing goods. It might not even be on-demand; for instance, if you’re part of a group of people who share power tools, you might not have access to the bandsaw you need until the person who has it now is done in 3 days. 

The sharing economy and the on-demand economy have a lot in common, though, as they both allow peers to collaborate through the use of a third-party app. That brings us to another buzzword you might be hearing a lot about these days. 

Sharing economy vs gig economy

The gig economy focuses more on the workers’ side, rather than the consumer. For instance, both sharing economy services (like Airbnb) and on-demand economy services (like TaskRabbit), and even services that fall into both categories (like Uber), can be considered forms of gig economy work. 

The gig economy consists of workers who operate on short-term contracts, performing jobs through an app-based service. When investors and economists talk about the gig economy, they’re usually talking about the transition in many sectors toward this sort of short-contract-based work. 

The quintessential example is a service like Uber or Lyft. Rather than a full-time, wage-based job like taxi driver, many people are instead working part-time, contract-based, often precarious positions as ride-share drivers. That’s the gig economy in action. 

Examples of the sharing economy

We’ve already discussed a few types of sharing economy services, but what are a few more familiar examples? The answer is that there’s no set definition or criteria for what makes a service a part of the sharing economy. That said, there are a few examples that you’re probably familiar with:

  • Ride-share: Services like Uber and Lyft are great examples of the sharing economy — a driver shares their car (and time) with a consumer, who gets a lower-cost ride out of the arrangement. 
  • Car-share: Some services also allow you to share your car with peers, not by driving them, but by allowing them to rent it. 
  • Tool-share: Power tools are expensive. Luckily, the sharing economy makes it easy to see who has a tool you can borrow, and pay a small amount to rent it for a day or two while you complete a project. 
  • Clothing sharing: There are sharing sites for expensive designer clothes that you probably won’t wear more than once. Pay for a subscription, then rent for a few days. 
  • Crowd-funding: Have a new business idea or product concept? You can use services online that allow you to crowd-fund the startup costs. 
  • Peer-to-peer lending: Rather than going through a large financial institution or sketchy loan shop when you need cash, peer-to-peer lending allows consumers to seek financing from other individuals who have a little surplus cash they’d like to grow. 

As mentioned before, there’s no hard-and-fast definition or criteria — pretty much any service that allows people to help each other out can be considered a part of the sharing economy. 

Sharing economy apps

We’ve mentioned that the sharing economy is mostly facilitated by app-based services — but what are these apps? Chances are, you’ve probably already got a lot of them on your phone. Here are a few common sharing economy companies, and what they’re built for:

  • Ride-sharing and taxi alternatives: Uber, Lyft

This is definitely not a complete list. Chances are, if you need some item or service, but don’t want to purchase it yourself, there’s a sharing economy solution out there for you. A simple Google search of “[What you need]” + “sharing app” will likely bring you tons of interesting options to consider. 

Pros and cons of sharing economy

Like anything, the sharing economy comes with plenty of pros and cons to consider. Before going all-in on using sharing apps, let’s take a look at some of the benefits and downsides that come along with the sharing economy.

Pros

  • Sharing services can help you save money
  • Sharing apps give you access to things you might not otherwise have (like power tools or a small loan)
  • They’re often on-demand, too (though not alway), so you can get what you need quickly
  • They allow owners of assets to make a small, steady stream of passive income
  • They’re popular. According to PWC, about 19% of people have participated in the sharing economy, and that number is expected to grow. 

Cons

  • They might be riskier than a traditional business because you’re renting items (like a car) from an individual rather than a company
  • While they might allow for a new income stream, some sharing economy jobs (like rideshare drivers) might not allow you to make a full living
  • Some app companies might inflate prices or take a large commission in order to increase their own profits — be sure to do your research on an app before using it as either a buyer or seller

Overall, for most people, deciding whether using the sharing economy makes sense will be an individual process. For some people, making money with side hustle apps might be a great way to spend some time and earn a little cash. For others, it might not make as much sense. 

If you have a vacation home you don’t use often, it could totally make sense to rent it out to travelers who need a place to stay. Others might not want the hassle associated with cleaning the home and preparing it for the next guests — ultimately, it’s up to you whether participating in the sharing economy makes sense. 

Sharing economy: the takeaways 

The sharing economy is a great way for peers to connect and share goods and services they have access to with people who are looking for access at a bargain price. It can include anything from sharing cars and power tools to peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding. 

Here’s what to remember:

  • The sharing economy uses apps to allow individuals to connect with each other, sharing their goods and services.
  • It’s closely related to the on-demand economy and gig economy; in fact, there’s tons of overlap when it comes to the apps used in each. 
  • You can use the sharing economy to access things like car rentals, fashionable clothes, power tools, personal loans, and seed money for your ingenious ideas. 
  • Apps like Uber, Vrbo, DailyLook, and Prosper are all popular sharing economy options. 
  • There are pros and cons
    • Pros: Usually inexpensive, a great way to find extra income, and convenient
    • Cons: You have to trust peer lenders and borrowers, and some companies pay workers less than other options, or charge fees that make lending not worthwhile

What options can the sharing economy open up for you? Research the ways that you can start using sharing apps today, and start saving (or making!) money. 

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Calling all Civil War buffs and travel bucket-listers: If you’ve ever wanted to explore the war between the North and the South in great detail or check a bunch of states off your list in one trip, American Cruise Lines has a cruise for you. It’s a monthlong sailing to nearly all the major battlefields across 12 states and the District of Columbia.

For more cruise guides, news and tips, sign up for TPG’s cruise newsletter.

On May 4, 2024, passengers will set sail from New Orleans on the line’s Civil War Battlefields Cruise, a 34-day sailing that winds along the Mississippi, Tennessee and Potomac rivers; the Intracoastal Waterway; and the Chesapeake Bay.

Along the way, the itinerary includes calls on destinations in Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and Washington, D.C., before ending on June 6, 2024, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Stops offer a chance to visit key locations such as Fort Sumter, Antietam National Battlefield and Bull Run.

The itinerary for American Cruise Lines’ 34-day Civil War cruise. AMERICAN CRUISE LINES

Cruisers will begin their journey on American Melody and transfer to two other ships — American Symphony and American Eagle — throughout the trip, allowing them to access additional locations that were key to the war. Transportation between ships and waterways is provided for free.

The onboard experience on each ship will be equally themed, featuring expert speakers who will discuss both sides of the war. Led by Bertram Hayes-Davis, the great-great-grandson of Jefferson Davis, who served as the president of the Confederacy, the sailing will offer a rare perspective.

“This cruise is one of the most wholistic views of the Civil War ever offered,” Hayes-Davis said in a statement from American Cruise Lines. “Guests will experience the people, places and events of the war as they visit the battlefields and stand where history was made. This is a unique opportunity to see the entire scope of the battles of the Civil War and put them in context to each other and the entire conflict.”

The voyage is currently open for booking, with fares starting from $24,700 per person. Prices include accommodations, onboard entertainment and lectures, all meals, beer and wine with lunch and dinner, a daily cocktail hour, Wi-Fi, daily shore excursions, a one-night pre-cruise hotel stay (stretching the trip to 35 days), transportation and any necessary hotels when transferring to other ships, crew gratuities, and taxes and fees.

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

Source: thepointsguy.com

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In January, I accompanied Kim to an appointment with Paul, her investment adviser from Edward Jones. Paul’s brother was my best friend in grade school and junior high, and we have many mutual friends. I sat and listened while Kim and Paul talked about her investments and how she ought to invest for retirement. I didn’t participate much, though, because this is Kim’s money, and I didn’t feel like it was right for me to take an active role.

I did ask some questions about index funds, though. Kim’s money is entirely in individual stocks (like Apple) and expensive load-bearing funds such as VFCAX (Federated Clover Value Fund), which has an expense ratio of 1.19 percent and a sales load of 5.5 percent.

Paul argued against index funds, saying:

  • Mutual-fund managers earn back the sales load (and high expense ratio) in time so that, long term, actively managed mutual funds outperform index funds. (Note: Studies show that, in general, this is not true.)
  • Part of the reason people pay him to manage their investment accounts is because he protects them from making foolish emotional decisions about the market and he alerts them to possible opportunities.

Afterward, I asked Kim what she thought of the meeting. She got the gist of things, but found a lot of it confusing. No surprise. I know this stuff and still found some of the presentation confusing.

“What do you think I should do?” she asked.

“Well, I still think you should be in index funds,” I said, but I didn’t push it. Again, we’ve been dating almost two years, but it’s not like we’re married. I didn’t feel comfortable making this decision for her.

Over the next few weeks, I wrote the investment chapter for my ebook. And then I rewrote the chapter. And then I rewrote it again. (This ebook will finally see the light of day at the end of April, by the way.)

As I wrote, I realized that I truly believe index funds are the right way for most people to invest. And it’s not just me. Warren Buffett believes this, as do many other well-known investors. The evidence is overwhelming. The smartest way for the average person to invest is to put all of their money in broad-based, low-cost index funds and never touch it. End of story.

Meet the New Adviser — Same as the Old Adviser

Between January and March, Kim switched jobs. Her new employer also contributes to retirement, but uses a different investment adviser. Last week, we met with the new guy, Evan. This time, I asked Kim how she viewed my role before the meeting. “I want you to speak up,” she said. “I want you to act like you’re my husband.” Well then, OK.

The meeting with Evan started very much like the meeting with Paul. Evan talked about how much Kim needs to save to meet her retirement goals (answer: a lot!). He also talked about where she should put the money. He agreed with me that it’s probably best not to shift around Kim’s existing investments (although I can’t help thinking we’re falling victim to a sunk-cost fallacy by not moving to index funds). He recommended that all of her new money should go into shiny new mutual funds that his company sells — funds that carry loads of 5.75 percent.

Note: These mutual funds are from American Funds, and I’m very familiar with them. When I was married, Kris put a lot of her savings into the American Funds family.)

“How are you compensated?” I asked.

“Great question,” Evan said. “I’m paid out of the sales charge, out of the front-end load of the mutual funds. A part of that goes to me, a part of that goes to my company, and a part of that goes to the mutual fund company itself.”

After a few minutes of discussing these new funds, I decided to speak up.

“Look,” I said. “I write about money. I’m not an investment guru and I don’t have any specific training, but I’ve read and written a lot about investing over the past few years. Everything I’ve read says that the only reliable indicator of future mutual fund performance comes from a fund’s fees. The lower they are, the better the fund is likely to perform in the future.”

“That may be so,” Evan said, “but that’s only part of the story. With proper management, a traditional fund can outperform an index fund. Besides, index funds only work if you’re able to control your emotions. Studies show that most investors earn returns far below those of the market because they make poor choices under the influence of emotion.”

“Sure,” I said. “The Dalbar study shows that every year.” I cite this study over and over again in the articles and books I write. “But investor behavior is only one part of the problem. The other part is costs.”

Evan protested. I didn’t blame him. His livelihood is tied up in this. Besides, I think he truly believes in his funds.

“If Kim were to buy index funds through Vanguard or Fidelity, how would you be compensated?” I asked.

“I’d take 1 percent,” Evan said.

“One percent up front?” I asked. “Or 1 percent per year?”

“One percent per year,” he said. With the roughly 0.25 percent expense ratio for a typical index fund, that would give her a cost of 1.25 percent annually. That beats the expense ratios from the funds Evan was proposing, especially when you factor in the 5.75 percent sales load.

Following My Own Advice

At the end of the meeting, Kim smiled and shook Evan’s hand. “Thanks for your help,” she said. “We’ll go home and figure this out.”

We walked next door to have a glass of wine while gazing out at the stormy Willamette River. “What do you think I should do?” she asked.

“Do you want to know what I would do if this were my money?” I asked.

“Yes,” she said.

“First, I’d contribute as much to retirement as needed to get the match from your boss. I’d have that put into an index fund, and I’d pay Evan his 1 percent per year. I don’t like it, but that’s your best option to get the match from work.”

“For everything else, though, I’d invest on my own. I wouldn’t do it through Evan. I’d open an account at Vanguard or Fidelity and schedule monthly contributions. He says you need to be putting away $920 per month for the next 20 years in order to have the equivalent of $50,000 per year at retirement. Do that. To be honest, I’d rather you didn’t pay me rent or utilities. I don’t need that money. I’d rather see you put it directly into an investment account every month. It’ll still feel like you’re paying me rent, but it’ll be going to your future instead. Does that make sense?”

Kim nodded. “It does,” she said, “but I still don’t like it.” (We’re still hammering out the financial side of our relationship. She wants to pay her half of things — which I appreciate — but I don’t want to take her money. When she pays me for rent or utilities or anything else, I tuck the money into a “secret” savings account at Capital One 360. That makes both of us happy.)

Unconventional Success

After our meeting with Evan, I began to have bouts of self doubt. It’s one thing to make decisions with my own money; it’s another to make them for somebody else.

To boost my confidence, I turned to books. I re-read the rationale behind investing in index funds. In particular, I turned to David Swensen’s Unconventional Success. During our meeting, Evan had pointed to the Yale University endowment as an example of investing success. Swensen is the mastermind behind that endowment. He’s also a passionate supporter of passive investing.

Unconventional Success contains nearly 400 pages laying out the arguments for index funds as “a fundamental approach to personal investment.” It explores asset allocation, market timing, and security selection before ultimately concluding that “overwhelming evidence proves the failure of the for-profit mutual-fund industry.”

Note: You can read a much shorter version of Swensen’s arguments in his 2011 New York Times editorial about the mutual fund merry-go-round.

Refreshing myself about the evidence in favor of index funds allowed me feel much better about our second meeting with Evan. On Monday night, we returned to his office to explain our decision. In short, we wanted to put all of Kim’s future funds into the following asset allocation using Vanguard index funds:

  • 45% into VTSMX, the Vanguard Total Stock Market index fund
  • 25% into VGTSX, the Vanguard Total International Stock index fund
  • 20% into VBMFX, the Vanguard Total Bond Market index fund
  • 10% into VGSIX, the Vanguard REIT index fund (a REIT is like a mutual fund for real estate)

“That’s great,” Evan told us. “We can do that. But there’s just one problem. Our investment platform requires a $25,000 minimum in order to make this happen. Otherwise, it’s not worth our time.”

At first, I thought this was a barrier. Kim doesn’t have $25,000 in new money to invest. But then I hit upon a couple of solutions.

First, we could move our shared “dream fund” from the Capital One 360 savings account where it currently resides. Instead, we could place it in index funds. Sure, this would introduce greater risk, but I’m OK with that. By the time we’re ready to tap this fund, the stock market should be higher than it is today — and it should outperform savings accounts in the meantime.

Second, we could liquidate Kim’s existing mutual funds and move the money to Vanguard funds instead. That’s probably the smartest move anyhow. We had planned to leave her existing accounts at Edwards Jones, but this makes more sense.

In the end, Kim came up with a fun plan. Here’s what we’re going to do:

  • We’ll move all of her investment accounts from Edward Jones to the new company.
  • We’ll sell half of her existing funds in order to meet the minimum requirements to begin putting money into a Vanguard retirement account. (And because index funds are the better choice.)
  • We’ll keep half of her existing funds as they are and allow her new adviser to manage them as he sees fit. Let’s see if he can actually beat a portfolio of index funds.
  • Meanwhile, she’ll funnel $460 per month into her employer-sponsored retirement account.
  • Finally, she’ll open a personal Roth IRA account at Vanguard. Into this, she’ll contribute $460 per month. This will give her a chance to see what it’s like to manage an investment account on her own.

This process illustrated some of the problems the typical investor faces. First, she receives self-serving advice from advisers (even when they don’t intend to be self-serving). Second, even when she knows the right thing to do, it can be tough to stick to her guns in the face of trained expertise. Third, there can be barriers to making smart choices, barriers like high minimums and additional fees.

In the end, it’s important to make your own informed investment decisions. Remember: Nobody cares more about your money than you do. If you don’t take the time to educate yourself, you can’t expect anyone else to make the right decisions for you.

Source: getrichslowly.org

Apache is functioning normally

To say that today’s housing market is a tough one for first-time home buyers would be an understatement. Not only is housing inventory low, but mortgage rates are elevated at a time when home prices are still pretty high. That’s a very costly combination.

Now, the good news is that today’s first-time buyers aren’t necessarily letting current housing market conditions get them down. Many are still making plans to buy a home this year. But they’re also planning to refinance their mortgages once rates come down. 

In fact, 27% of 2023 buyers are gearing up to refinance after purchasing their homes, according to TD Bank’s First-Time Homebuyer Pulse. But while that’s a good plan in theory, it may not come to pass for quite some time.

Mortgage rates may not fall anytime soon

It’s definitely a good idea to plan to refinance your mortgage loan once borrowing rates drop across the board. And you should especially make an effort to maintain a great credit score so you’re able to qualify for a competitive rate once refinancing your mortgage makes sense.

But if you’re going to buy a home today with the plan to refinance your mortgage as soon as you can, know this — you may be stuck with your current mortgage rate for quite some time. 

Mortgage rates have been stuck in the 6% range for 30-year loans since the start of the year. And based on general market and economic conditions, it’s not unreasonable to assume that mortgage rates could easily stay where they are not just for the remainder of 2023, but also beyond.

More: Check out our picks for the best mortgage lenders

That’s why if you’re going to buy a home today, you’ll need to really crunch the numbers and make sure you can swing your monthly costs based on the mortgage rate you’re locking in initially. If today’s rates make buying a home a stretch, then you may want to put your plans to purchase one on hold. 

Will mortgage rates ever get down to 3% again?

Historically speaking, today’s mortgage rates actually aren’t so high. Rather, it’s that buyers got used to the record low rates that became available earlier in the pandemic. 

In 2021, it was more than feasible to sign a 30-year mortgage at or around 3% if you had great credit. These days, you might be looking at more than double that rate, even if your credit is excellent.

There’s a good chance that mortgage rates will drop over time. But whether we’ll see 3% rates anytime soon is questionable. Those rates aren’t very profitable for lenders, so chances are, we’ll only see them on offer if the housing market takes a dive and lenders grow increasingly desperate to drum up business.

But that said, if you sign a mortgage today in the 6% range and rates drop to the low 5% range or upper 4% range a few years from now, refinancing could result in a world of savings. So while you shouldn’t bank on a refinance to be able to afford your home, you can always pursue a refinance once it makes sense to get a new mortgage.

Source: fool.com

Apache is functioning normally

A wash sale occurs when an investor sells a security at a loss, and buys a very similar security within a 30-day window of the sale (30 days before or after). The wash-sale rule is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regulation that states an investor can’t receive tax deduction benefits if they sell an investment for a loss, then purchase the same or a “substantially identical” asset within 30 days before or after the sale.

While investors may find themselves in a position in which it may be beneficial to sell securities to harvest losses, it’s important to know the wash-sale rule in and out to avoid triggering penalties.

Which Investments are Subject to the Wash-Sale Rule?

The wash-sale rule applies to most common investments, including:

•   Stocks

•   Bonds

•   Mutual funds

•   Options

•   Exchange-traded funds (ETFs)

•   Stock futures contracts

Transactions in an individual retirement account (IRA) can also fall under the wash-sale rule. The wash-sale rule does not apply to commodity futures or foreign currency trades. The rule also applies if an investor sells a security that has increased in value and within 30 days buys an identical security. They will need to pay capital gains taxes on the proceeds.

What Happens When You Trigger a Wash Sale?

Investors commonly choose to sell assets at a loss as part of their tax or day trading strategy, or they may regret selling an asset while the market was down, and decide to buy back in.

The intent of the wash-sale rule is to prevent investors from abusing the tax benefits of selling at a loss, and claiming artificial losses.

In the event that an investor does trigger a wash sale, they will not be allowed to write off the loss when they do their tax reporting to the IRS. This means the investor won’t receive any tax benefit for selling at a loss. The rule still applies if an investor sells an investment in a taxable account and buys it back in a tax-advantaged account, or if one spouse sells an asset and then the other spouse purchases it that also counts as a wash sale.

It’s important for investors to understand the wash-sale rule so that they account for it in their investment and tax strategy. If investors have specific questions, they might want to ask their tax advisor for help.

Recommended: Investing 101 for Beginners

Avoiding a Wash Sale

Unfortunately, the guidelines regarding what a “substantially identical” security is are not very specific. The easiest way to avoid wash sales is to create a long-term investing strategy involving few asset sales and not trying to time the market. Creating a diversified portfolio is generally a good strategy for investors.

Another important thing to keep in mind is the wash-sale rule applies across an investor’s accounts. As such, investors need to keep track of their sales and purchases across their entire portfolio to try and make sure that the wash-sale rule doesn’t affect any investment choices.

What to Do After Selling an Asset at a Loss

The safest option is to wait more than 30 days to purchase an asset after selling a similar one at a loss. An investor can also invest funds into a different asset–a different enough asset, that is–for 30 days or more and then move the funds back into the original security after the wash sale window has passed.

There are benefits to selling an asset at either a profit or a loss. If an investor sells at a profit, they make money. If they sell at a loss, they can declare it on their taxes to help offset their capital gains or income. If an investor has significant capital gains to report, they may decide to sell an asset that has decreased in value to help lower their tax bill. However, if they hoped to reinvest in an asset later, a wash sale can ruin those plans.

In some cases, simply selling a stock from one corporation and purchasing one from another, different corporation is fine. Even selling a stock and buying a bond from the same company may not trigger a wash sale.

Investing in ETFs or Mutual Funds Instead

If an investor wants to reinvest funds in a similar industry while avoiding a wash sale, one option would be to switch to an ETF or mutual fund. There are ETFs and mutual funds made up of investments in particular industries, but they are often diversified enough that they wouldn’t be considered to be too similar to an individual stock or bond. It’s possible that an investor could sell an individual stock and reinvest the money into a mutual fund or ETF within a similar market segment without violating the wash-sale rule.

However, if an investor wants to sell an ETF and buy another ETF, or switch to a mutual fund, this can be more challenging. It may be difficult to figure out which ETF or mutual fund swaps will count as wash sales, and which won’t.

Wash-Sale Penalties and Benefits

If the IRS decides that a transaction counts as a wash sale, the investor can’t use the loss to reduce their taxable income or offset capital gains on their taxes for that year.

However, there can be an upside to wash sales. Investors can end up with a higher cost basis for their new investment, because the loss from the sale is added to the cost basis of the new purchase. In addition, the holding period of the sold investment is added to the holding period of the new investment.

The benefit of having a higher cost basis is that an investor can choose to sell the new investment at a loss and have a greater loss for tax reporting than they would have. Conversely, if the investment increases in value and the investor sells, they will have a smaller capital gain to report. Having a longer holding period means an investor may be able to pay long-term capital gains taxes on a sale rather than short-term gains, which have a higher rate.

The Takeaway

The wash-sale rule is triggered when an investor sells a security at a loss, but then turns around and buys a similar security within 30 days–either before, or after. It’s a bit of an opaque rule, but there can be consequences for triggering wash sales. That’s why understanding regulations like the wash-sale rule is an important part of being an informed investor.

Part of making solid investing decisions is planning for taxes and understanding what the benefits and downsides may be for any particular transaction. This is just one aspect of tax-efficient investing that investors might want to consider.

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For a limited time, opening and funding an account gives you the opportunity to win up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

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Source: sofi.com

Apache is functioning normally

With the never-ending changes and challenges affecting the U.S. financial landscape, multiple community development entities are helping to counter some of their adverse effects by fostering community development initiatives.

Some examples include Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) and Community Development (CD) Banks. These play a significant role in promoting economic growth and inclusion for underserved communities.

This article thoroughly explores CDFIs and the institutions that support CDFIs, outlining their significance, objectives, and how they meet capacity building initiative requirements. We also highlight the federal government’s involvement, explaining its role evolution and the numerous related economic development activities available to those who need them.

What is a Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI)?

Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are a type of financial institution that provides products and services to financially disadvantaged communities for economic development purposes.

They are essential and critical in promoting inclusion and economic growth to marginalized communities in urban and rural communities countrywide. Legislations like the Community Reinvestment Act help encourage these programs. However, the Community Reinvestment Act is not the only reason for their existence.

CDFI Certification

To become a CDFI, a financial institution must apply for a CDFI certification. This certification ensures that the institution can receive the right federal assistance resources and allows people to benefit from the CDFI fund’s programs.

How did the concept of CDFIs start?

The roots of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) extend to the 1880s, when minority-owned banks began serving economically disadvantaged communities. These organizations provided essential financial services to areas that mainstream financial institutions neglected or could not reach.

As the years progressed, new types of mission-driven financial institutions emerged. For example, the development of credit unions in the 1930s and 1940s offered alternatives to the traditional community bank that had limited services.

Moreover, new community development corporations emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, providing additional resources and support for underserved areas. These institutions gradually paved the way for the rise of nonprofit loan funds in the 1980s, establishing the groundwork for today’s modern CDFI model.

The Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 recognized the need to support the growing community development finance sector. With that in mind, it established the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI Fund). This fund aimed to promote economic revitalization and community development in low-income areas by investing in and providing assistance to CDFIs.

Since its inception, the CDFI Fund played a substantial role in the growth and impact of CDFIs, enabling them to serve the financial needs of economically disadvantaged communities and contribute to their overall development and prosperity.

Types of CDFIs

Currently, multiple types of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) exist, each catering to the unique needs and challenges economically disadvantaged communities face. We explore their types and roles below.

Community Development Banks

Community Development Banks are for-profit, federal government supported and regulated financial institutions. These institutions have a board of directors that includes community representatives. CD banks provide affordable banking services, loans, and other financial products to economically distressed and underserved communities.

Operating in these communities creates jobs, improves infrastructure, and promotes economic growth. They also help increase access to capital for small businesses, including affordable housing projects and community service facilities.

Community Development Credit Unions

Community Development Credit Unions (CDCUs) are nonprofit financial cooperatives owned and controlled by their members. As is the case with traditional credit unions, they provide financial services such as savings accounts, checking accounts, and loans.

CDCUs only cater to low-income and underserved communities, offering affordable rates and financial education programs to promote inclusion and help people build credit and assets. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), an independent federal agency, regulates these credit unions.

Community Development Loan Funds

Community Development Loan Funds, or CDLFs, are nonprofit entities that finance community development projects by offering loans and technical assistance to marginalized communities. They facilitate access to affordable housing, promote small businesses, and help establish community service facilities to sustain growth. They also serve as an alternative source of capital for those who cannot access traditional bank financing services by offering flexible terms and underwriting criteria.

Community Development Venture Capital Funds

Community Development Venture Capital Funds offer equity and debt-with-equity investments to small and medium-sized businesses in economically distressed areas. They can be for-profit corporations or nonprofit entities.

By offering long-term capital, they help businesses grow, create jobs, and foster innovation. They also provide technical assistance, mentoring, and business development support to maintain the long-term success of their portfolio companies.

Microenterprise Development Loan Funds

Microenterprise Development Loan Funds are loan funds that provide small-scale loans, or microloans, to entrepreneurs and small businesses that might not qualify for traditional financing. They offer small capital amounts that range from hundreds to a few thousand. These loan funds help low-income people, women, and minority entrepreneurs who need smaller loan amounts and more flexible terms.

Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Consortia

CDFI Consortia are collaborative networks of CDFIs that pool resources, experience, and capital to increase their impact on community development services. They can access larger funding opportunities and share best practices to serve their target communities by working together. They can also provide joint technical assistance and support services, helping to strengthen individual CDFIs that are part of the network.

Understanding Community Development Financial Institutions

The main goal of CDFI fund programs is to provide affordable loans, community development banking services, financial help, and technical assistance to low-income communities. They foster economic development and empower small business owners, minorities, and marginalized communities by offering access to investment capital and other resources with fewer demands than traditional finance institutions.

CDFIs differ from traditional financial institutions because they focus on community development and serving minority communities. They also collaborate with religious institutions, community service organizations, and rely on federal funding and agencies to address the needs of their target populations.

What’s the federal government’s role in CDFIs?

The Federal Reserve Bank supports CDFIs through various initiatives, tax credits, and programs. One such program is the CDFI Fund, which the U.S. Department of the Treasury administers. The CDFI Fund provides financial, technical, and other resources to CDFIs, casting a wider net to help low income people and communities access their services.

In addition to the CDFI Fund, the Federal Reserve Bank supports CDFIs through programs and training initiatives such as:

  • Bank Enterprise Award Program
  • Capital Magnet Fund
  • CDFI Bond Guarantee Program
  • CDFI Equitable Recovery Program
  • CDFI Program
  • Rapid Response Program
  • Native Initiatives
  • New Markets Tax Credit Program
  • Small Dollar Loan Program

These initiatives by the Federal Reserve Bank provide financial incentives and resources for CDFIs and community development entities to invest in eligible community projects, promote economic growth, and create jobs.

How has that federal role changed over time?

The federal government’s role in supporting the CDFI industry changes over time to respond to the changing needs of disadvantaged communities and the growing recognition of the importance of financial inclusion.

Early efforts, for example, provided seed capital and technical assistance to establish and grow CDFIs. With the maturation and evolution of the industry, the government started focusing on building capacity, collaboration, and supporting innovative endeavors.

Recent changes emphasize leveraging private sector investments, regulatory relief, and encouraging partnerships between the CDFI industry and other financial institutions. Examples include minority depository institutions (MDIs) and mainstream banks.

CDFIs’ Role in Financial Inclusion

Financial inclusion is an essential part of CDFI initiatives. Access to affordable financial products and services helps bridge the gap between poor communities and mainstream financial institutions. CDFIs also promote financial knowledge, support small businesses, finance affordable housing activities, and facilitate economic development initiatives.

CDFIs also ensure that economically distressed communities can access essential community services facilities like healthcare centers, schools, and childcare. Their work helps contribute to these communities’ overall well-being and stability. It creates a solid foundation for long-term economic growth.

Business Model

CDFI business models are unique in combining traditional financial services with a strong emphasis on developing and positively impacting the communities they cater to.

They generate revenue by collecting interest and fees on loans, investments, and other financial products. However, they also rely on grants, donations, and especially government funding like the CDFI fund to support their operations.

CDFIs collaborate with organizations like government agencies, nonprofits, and private sector partners to attain their goals. Additionally, they leverage tax credits, guarantees, and other financial tools to attract more investment capital and support their lending activities.

CDFIs Provide Opportunity for All

CDFIs provide real opportunities by addressing the financial needs of underserved communities to help them succeed and promote their economic growth. To do this, they offer access to affordable financial products and services to communities that experienced systematic lockouts from these programs.

By emphasizing their needs and giving them more accessible and affordable ways to prosper, low-income individuals and businesses have access to essential financial tools. These tools were traditionally out of reach for mainstream financial institutions.

Moreover, CDFIs support small businesses owned by women, minorities, and individuals in economically distressed communities. By offering tailored financing solutions, technical assistance, and business planning resources, CDFIs help these entrepreneurs overcome barriers to entry, create jobs, and contribute to local economies.

Another significant aspect of CDFIs’ work is their focus on affordable housing and community development projects. They finance the construction and rehabilitation of affordable housing units and invest in community facilities like schools, healthcare facilities, and childcare. These are essential to the well-being and stability of low-income communities and help them worry less about factors beyond their control or that are too expensive to access otherwise.

CDFIs also promote financial education and empowerment by providing resources and training to help people develop financial literacy skills, manage their finances, and build assets. These initiatives contribute to breaking the cycle of poverty and promoting economic self-sufficiency.

By partnering with various stakeholders, such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and private sector partners, CDFIs leverage resources and expertise to maximize their impact. This creates a ripple effect that extends beyond the immediate recipients, fostering inclusive and resilient communities.

Types of CDFIs

Many community development financial institutions focus on addressing the needs of economically disadvantaged communities. These include community development banks, credit unions, loan funds, and venture capital funds.

Federal agencies like the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) regulate community development banks and credit unions. They offer various banking services, from deposit accounts to loans, catering to low-income communities.

Loan funds make affordable housing possible, support small businesses, and help community facilities. On the other hand, venture capital funds offer equity investments that support small businesses and startups in underserved communities.

“Newer” CDFI Resources

As community development financial institutions evolve, multiple resources and programs are emerging to support their growth and impact. Examples include:

CDFIs as Capital Plus Institutions

Sometimes, community development financial institutions are called “Capital Plus” institutions. This is because they provide investment capital, development services, technical assistance, and financial education to support the long-term success of their clients.

This approach allows community development financial institutions to significantly impact low-income and economically distressed communities, promoting economic opportunity and inclusion.

Emergency Capital Investment Program (ECIP)

The Emergency Capital Investment Program (ECIP) is a federal initiative that provides capital to CDFIs and MDIs to support their lending activities after the economic challenges caused by COVID-19. This program helps ensure that these institutions have the resources to continue providing essential financial services to underserved communities, small businesses, and minority-owned businesses during times of crisis.

Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF)

The Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) is another federal initiative that supports the lending activities of CDFIs and other financial institutions participating in the Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). By providing liquidity to these institutions, the PPPLF enables them to continue offering loans to small businesses needing financial assistance during challenging economic times.

CDFI Rapid Response Program

The Rapid Response Program from the CDFI Fund provides immediate financial assistance during crises or natural disasters. CDFIs can quickly access funds for disaster recovery, emergency relief efforts, and other needs, serving as “financial first responders” for the communities they support.

These newer resources and programs demonstrate how the federal government, private sector, and other stakeholders support the work of CDFIs and promote financial inclusion and economic opportunity. By leveraging these resources, CDFIs can better address the needs of low-income communities nationwide and foster economic development in urban and rural communities.

Source: crediful.com

Apache is functioning normally

By Steve Harper and Cathy Poley, Apartment Guide contributor

Does the thought of parking in your apartment community make you wish for a chauffeured car service?

Have you ever decided not to leave your apartment because you dreaded having to find a space when you got back?

Though easy parking is an amenity some apartment dwellers take for granted, other residents face a challenge parking at or even near home. So, until you can get that anti-matter transfer device you’ve been assembling in the back room up and running, you’re stuck with the everyday nuisance of finding a spot, every day — and sometimes more than once.

[find-an-apartment]

Parking well is an art and a science… well, no, it’s mostly luck, but a bit of planning and forward thinking just might steady your odds. With these tips, we’ll try to stack the proverbial parking deck in your favor!

Dedicated lot parking: attempted organization, or free-for-all?
If your apartment community offers lot or deck parking that is management-owned, consider yourself lucky — especially if an assigned space comes with your apartment unit. In most cases, however, parking is generally first-come, first-parked. Even if your apartment community has a dedicated lot, you may find that there are more cars to park there than available spaces.

The tighter the parking challenge, the more crucial it is to follow apartment parking etiquette. If your apartment community has assigned parking spaces, stick to your assigned space! Even if another space or a visitor space might be closer to your apartment, you really must play by the rules. Think “getting along,” rather than survival of the quickest.

Now, if someone makes a habit of consistently parking in your assigned space, it is likely within your right to tell someone about it on the management team. (Be friendly!)

Those without assigned parking may well find themselves playing parking roulette. If parking is a daily challenge, try avoiding moving your car during peak hours. See if you can shift your work hours to get you back home to your apartment a little earlier, for instance, allowing you to grab a prime parking space. If you notice the parking lot fills up at a certain time, run your errands at off-hours so you can more easily grab a spot when you get back.

Is this dirty-pool parking? You decide. The more challenging the situation, the more critical the creativity.

Though it might be tempting to risk parking in a tow-away zone, avoid giving in. Eventually, you’ll return to find your car towed — and a hefty fine attached to its escape.

Parking on the street… every car for itself!
Many of the same strategies listed here apply to finding a safe street space for your vehicle. In addition to these tips, it’s important to know your city’s or neighborhood’s parking rules and regulations. Parking in a certain area might be o.k. overnight, for example, but you might have to move your car during daytime hours. Pay close attention to posted signs as they will often tell you exactly what you need to know.

Garage parking… you pay to park…
Another option if your apartment community does not have a parking lot is to rent space in a parking garage. Costs for garages vary, so shop around to ensure you are getting a reasonable price for the area in which you’re parking. Make sure the garage is situated in a safe area from which you’ll feel comfortable walking to your apartment.

Other solutions to parking challenges
 Here are some other approaches to make parking a second thought, rather than a primary stressor:

  • Carpool with other residents in your apartment community. (It’s fun and friendly.)
  • Ditch your car in favor of mass transit, riding a bicycle, or walking. (You’ll experience more of your city on foot.)
  • Select an apartment community which offers valet parking service. Then, you will never have to worry about finding a space yourself. (You lucky person!)

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