The Miami housing market has been a topic of interest for both buyers and sellers in recent years. With its lively vibe, beautiful beaches and booming economy, Miami has become a desirable location for people of all walks of life looking to invest in real estate.
In this article, we will delve into the current state of the Miami home prices, exploring key trends, average home prices and market competitiveness. Whether you’re a prospective buyer, seller or simply curious about the Miami real estate scene, this is the place to be to gain valuable insights you need to enter the market with confidence.
Miami housing market at a glance
Miami’s housing market has experienced significant growth in recent years, with rising home prices and increased demand. In December 2023, the median sale price for homes in Miami reached $570,000, reflecting an 11.8% increase compared to the previous year. This price surge indicates a strong market and a favorable environment for sellers.
Average days on the market
One important factor to consider in the Miami housing market is the average number of days homes stay on the market. Homes in Miami sell after an average of 69 days, which is a slight decrease from the previous year’s average of 71 days. This suggests that the market is relatively quick-paced, with buyers actively searching for properties and pulling the trigger when they see something they like.
Competitiveness of the Miami housing market
To assess the competitiveness of the Miami housing market, we can look at multiple offers and sale-to-list price ratios. In Miami, multiple offers are relatively rare, indicating a less competitive market compared to other cities. On average, homes in Miami sell for about 4% below the list price.
Miami’s pricing compared to the national average
Miami’s median sale price of $570,000 is 41% higher than the national average. This significant difference highlights the desirability of the Miami real estate market and the premium prices buyers may expect to pay. Additionally, the overall cost of living in Miami is 19% higher than the national average, further emphasizing the city’s appeal to those in higher tax brackets.
Number of homes sold
The number of homes sold in Miami provides valuable insights into the overall market activity. In December 2023, there were 495 homes sold, representing an increase from the previous year’s 472 homes sold. This uptick indicates a strong housing market with a healthy level of buyer demand.
Miami rental market overview
Apart from the housing market, Miami’s rental market is also a crucial aspect to consider for anyone seeking temporary or long-term accommodations. 2024 has already proven a positive year for renters as prices have slowly dipped in several key markets, and landlords are willing to offer valuable renter incentives. Let’s explore the average prices and trends in Miami’s available rentals to provide a comprehensive analysis.
Average rent prices in Miami
The average rent prices in Miami vary depending on the type of apartment. For studio apartments, the median price started at $2,644 in January and gradually decreased to $2,210 by December. On the other hand, the median price for one-bedroom apartments remained relatively stable throughout the year, ranging from $2,579 to $2,726. For two-bedroom apartments, the median sale price fluctuated between $3,872 and $3,600.
Month
Studio
1 Bed
2 Beds
Jan 2023
$2,644
$2,579
$3,872
Feb 2023
$2,579
$3,009
$3,972
Mar 2023
$2,633
$2,986
$3,908
Apr 2023
$2,615
$2,938
$3,790
May 2023
$2,615
$2,952
$3,811
Jun 2023
$2,435
$2,927
$3,702
Jul 2023
$2,423
$2,921
$3,728
Aug 2023
$2,355
$2,770
$3,675
Sep 2023
$2,249
$2,719
$3,504
Oct 2023
$2,274
$2,700
$3,401
Nov 2023
$2,270
$2,684
$3,565
Dec 2023
$2,209
$2,658
$3,552
Jan 2024
$2,210
$2,726
$3,600
Rental market trends
Understanding Miami’s rental market trends can help landlords and tenants make informed decisions. Let’s take a closer look at the changes in average rent prices over the past year.
Average rent price fluctuations
In the past year, the average rent in Miami experienced slight fluctuations. Studio apartments saw a 16% decrease in rent, starting at $2,644 in January and ending at $2,210 in December. Similarly, one-bedroom apartments experienced a 9% decrease, with rent ranging from $2,579 to $2,726. For two-bedroom apartments, the rent decreased by 7%, fluctuating between $3,972 and $3,600.
Apartment type
Avg. rent
Annual change
Studio
$2,210
-16%
1 Bed
$2,726
-9%
2 Beds
$3,600
-7%
Affordable neighborhoods in Miami
For those looking for more affordable housing options in Miami, certain neighborhoods offer lower rent prices. Let’s explore some of the most affordable neighborhoods in Miami and the average rent prices for one-bedroom apartments.
Neighborhood
Average rent for 1-bedroom apartment
Allapattah
$1,700
Little Haiti
$1,700
Model City
$1,700
Little River
$1,700
Shore Crest
$1,700
Neighborhood rent trends
Different neighborhoods in Miami may have varying rent trends, making it key to consider location-specific factors when searching for rental properties. Here is a breakdown of rent trends for studio apartments in various neighborhoods in Miami.
Neighborhood
Studio Avg Rent
Annual Change
Lower Brickell
$3,810
-7%
Miami Financial District
$3,500
+32%
Brickell
$3,159
+17%
Miami Urban Acres
$2,940
-27%
Riverside
$2,828
+21%
Riverview
$2,813
+20%
West Brickell
$2,660
-2%
Brickell Village
$2,619
+9%
Downtown
$2,584
-4%
Riverfront
$2,550
N/A
Comparison with other cities
If you’re considering Miami as a potential relocation destination, it’s helpful to understand how it compares to other cities in terms of rental prices. Here is a comparison of studio apartment average rent prices in Miami and several other cities.
City
Studio Avg Rent
Annual Change
Coral Gables
$2,723
-15%
Miramar
$2,370
+76%
Sunny Isles Beach
$2,350
-2%
Doral
$2,142
-2%
Boca Raton
$1,972
-16%
Plantation
$1,930
+21%
Fort Lauderdale
$1,920
-14%
Coconut Grove
$1,800
+3%
Hialeah
$1,800
+4%
Miami Beach
$1,766
-12%
Make Miami your home
The Miami housing market is a fertile environment for buyers, sellers and renters alike. With rising home prices, a relatively quick sales process and increased demand, Miami proves to be an attractive real estate destination.
The rental market provides a range of options, from affordable neighborhoods to upscale areas. By understanding the current trends and market conditions, anyone can make an informed decision when navigating the Miami housing and rental market. So, whether you’re looking to buy, sell or rent, Miami is a great place to call home.
There’s no one-size-fits-all mortgage. When deciding between a conventional loan vs FHA loan, you’ll have to compare costs and benefits based on your personal finances.
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A conventional loan is often better if you have good or excellent credit because your mortgage rate and PMI costs will go down. But an FHA loan can be perfect if your credit score is in the high-500s or low-600s. For lower-credit borrowers, FHA is often the cheaper option.
These are only general guidelines, though. And the choice between a conventional loan vs FHA loan might be different for you. So be sure to look closely at both loan types and choose the best one for your financial situation.
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Conventional loan vs FHA comparison
There are plenty of low-down-payment options for today’s home buyers. But many will choose either a conventional loan with 3% down or an FHA loan with 3.5% down.
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So, which type of home loan program is better? That depends on your financial situation.
Here’s an overview of what you need to know about qualifying for a conventional loan vs FHA loan.
Conventional 97 Loan
FHA Loan
Minimum Down Payment
3%
3.5%
Minimum Credit Score
620
580
Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio
43%
50%
Loan Limit for 2024 (in most areas)
$
$
Income Limit
No income limit
No income limit
Mortgage Insurance
Annual fee
Annual and upfront fee
Down payment requirements
Both conventional and FHA mortgage programs have minimum down payment amount requirements which borrowers must meet in order to be eligible for a home loan and reach their goal of homeownership.
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FHA: 3.5% down with a 580 credit score, or 10% down a score between 500-579
Conventional 97: 3% down
Like other conventional loans, conventional 97 applicants will pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) with less than 20% down. And all FHA borrowers are required to pay mortgage insurance regardless of down payment.
Credit scores
In deciding between an FHA loan and the Conventional 97 loan, your individual credit score matters. This is because your credit score determines the type of mortgage loan you’re eligible for. Credit history affects your monthly mortgage payments, too.
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Minimum credit score requirements for FHA and conventional loans are:
FHA: 580 credit score with 3.5% down, or 500-579 credit score with 10% down
Conventional: 620 credit score
If your credit score is between 500 and 620, the FHA loan is best suited for you because it’s your only available option.
But if your credit score is above 620, it’s worth looking into a conventional loan with 3% down. Especially because, as your credit score goes up, your mortgage rate and PMI costs go down.
Debt-to-income ratio
Another factor you need to consider when choosing between a conventional and FHA loan is your debt-to-income ratio or DTI ratio. This is the amount of debt you owe on a monthly basis, compared to your monthly gross income.
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Conventional loans usually allow a maximum DTI of 43% — meaning your debts take up no more than 43% of your gross monthly income
FHA loans allow for a higher DTI of up to 50% in some cases
However, even with FHA loans, you’ll have to shop around if your debt-to-income ratio is above 45%. Because the FHA allows mortgage lenders to set their own in-house loan requirements, some may set stricter DTI requirements that are below 50%.
Debt-to-income ratios tend to make a bigger difference in high-cost areas, like big cities, where home values are high.
If you’re buying somewhere like Los Angeles, New York, or Seattle, your monthly debt (including mortgage costs) will take up much more of your income simply because real estate is so much more expensive.
Mortgage insurance
FHA and conventional loans both charge mortgage insurance. But the cost varies depending on which type of loan program you have, and how long you keep the mortgage.
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FHA mortgage insurance (MIP): The costs for MIP is the same for most borrowers: 0.55% of the loan amount per year, with a one-time upfront fee of 1.75%
Conventional loans private mortgage insurance (PMI): The costs for PMI vary depending on your credit score and loan-to-value ratio. You’ll only pay PMI when you put less than 20% down, and you’ll only continue to pay monthly premiums until you reach 20% home equity
Conventional Loans
FHA Loans
Mortgage Insurance Type
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Fee
n/a
1.75% of loan amount
Annual Mortgage Insurance Rate
Up to 2.25% of loan amount
0.55% of loan amount
Duration
Until the loan reaches 80% LTV
11 years (down payment of 10% or more) OR life of the loan (down payment of 3.5% to 10%)
The cheaper mortgage insurance option for you depends on your financial situation.
Conventional 97 mortgage insurance goes away at 80% loan-to-value. You’ll also hear loan officers refer to this as 20% home equity (both terms essentially refer to the same thing).
This means that, over time, your Conventional 97 can become a better value — especially for borrowers with high credit scores.
Also, consider upfront charges.
In addition to MIP, the FHA charges an upfront mortgage insurance premium known as UFMIP. UFMIP costs 1.75% of your loan size, is added to your loan balance, and is non-recoverable except via the FHA Streamline Refinance
The Conventional 97 charges no equivalent upfront fee for mortgage insurance. It only charges monthly mortgage insurance premiums
Conventional loan vs FHA loan limits
Both the FHA and conventional loans have limits on the amount of money you can borrow.
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In 2024, the FHA loan limits for a single-family home is $ in most of the U.S.
The conventional loan limit for a single-family home is $.
Any loan amount that exceeds these limits are considered non-conforming loans or jumbo loans.
Conventional loan vs FHA mortgage rates
Mortgage rates typically look lower for FHA loans than conventional loans on paper. For instance, today’s average FHA rates are as low as % (% APR)*, while conventional mortgage rates are as low as % (% APR)*.
Compare conventional and FHA mortgage rates. Start here
However, those rates can’t be taken at face value. First, because mortgage rates vary depending on your personal finances, your rate will likely be different from the average rate.
Second, PMI and credit score can also affect your interest rate and mortgage payment. For conventional loans, a lower credit score means a higher interest rate. So if your score is in the low- to mid-600s, an FHA loan might be cheaper.
Conventional loans also base mortgage insurance rates on your credit score, which contributes to a higher monthly payment as well.
*Current rates according to The Mortgage Reports’ lender network. Rates are for sample purposes only; your own rate will be different.
Conventional loan vs FHA mortgage payments
For home buyers with good credit scores, a conventional loan may be more attractive. That’s because conventional loan costs are more dependent on your credit score and down payment than FHA loan costs. And as a result, your monthly payments and PMI are lower when your credit score is higher. This is a key difference from how FHA loans work.
Compare conventional and FHA mortgage rates. Start here
With an FHA loan, your mortgage rate and MIP cost the same no matter what your FICO score.
That means in the short term, FHA loans may be more advantageous.
But over the long-term, borrowers with above-average credit scores will typically find Conventional 97 loans more economical relative to FHA ones.
Remember, mortgage insurance for conventional loans can be canceled at 20% loan-to-value ratio. But FHA mortgage insurance lasts the entire life of the loan. The only way to bypass this requirement is if you put down at least 10% down. This way you may be able to drop FHA mortgage insurance after 11 years (assuming 20% loan-to-value).
So if you’ll be staying in the home long enough to reach 20% equity — and especially if you have a good credit score — a conventional loan could be your cheaper option in the long run.
FHA vs Conventional infographic
Alternative low-down-payment loan programs
The conventional 97 loan and FHA loan aren’t the sole options for low-down-payment mortgages. Explore a variety of other mortgage loans with low or no upfront expenses to make homeownership more accessible:
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Fannie Mae HomeReady: This home loan offers below market interest rates, reduced private mortgage insurance costs, and it allows the income of everyone living in the household to qualify. However, there are income limits, loan maximums, and you’ll need a FICO score of 620 or more and a DTI of 50% or less
Freddie Mac Home Possible: Similar to HomeReady, it has income and loan limits, and it requires a minimum credit score of 660, 3% down payment, and DTI below 43%. However, Freddie Mac Home Possible offers flexible loan approval requirements that help low-income families become homeowners
VA loan: This mortgage loan requires no down payment and offers flexible credit score minimums and below-market rates. VA loans have no maximum loan amounts. Plus, bankruptcy and foreclosure are not immediate disqualifications. Yet, this program is only available to eligible service members and veterans
USDA loan: This rural housing government-backed loan requires no down payment and has no maximum home purchase price. Although there are drawbacks. This government-agency loan does have property standards that require the home to be located in a rural area. There are also income limits for the buyer, and it does carry mortgage insurance for the entire loan term
Most of these mortgage loan products can only be used to purchase a primary residence — a home in which you live in for the majority of the year.
Vacation homes and investment properties are generally not allowed.
For many first-time homebuyers, though, the choice among low-down payment loans will be between the FHA loan and the Conventional 97. This is because VA loans are available to military borrowers only. USDA loans are restricted to suburban and rural areas, with maximum loan and income limits, and HomeReady has similar income restrictions.
Conventional loan vs FHA loan FAQ
Which is a better loan, FHA or conventional?
Between FHA and conventional, the better loan for you depends on your financial circumstances. FHA might be better than conventional if you have a credit score below 680, or higher levels of debt (up to 50 percent DTI). Conventional loans become more attractive the higher your credit score is because you can get a lower interest rate and monthly payment.
Can you switch from FHA to conventional?
You can switch from an FHA to a conventional loan by refinancing your mortgage. This means you get a new conventional loan to pay off your existing FHA loan. This might make sense to do if you have at least 20 percent equity in your home and a 620 or higher credit score. Then, you may be able to save by switching from an FHA to a conventional loan with no PMI.
What are the benefits of a conventional home loan?
If you get a conventional loan with 20 percent down or more, you won’t have to pay for mortgage insurance. That’s a big benefit over FHA loans, which require mortgage insurance regardless of your down payment size. The conventional 97 loan also lets you put just 3 percent down, while FHA requires 3.5 percent at minimum. And conventional loans offer lower mortgage rates the higher your credit score is. That’s good news if you have a good credit score of 720 or higher.
Is an FHA loan bad?
FHA loans are great for borrowers who need a home loan with a lower bar of entry. The big benefits are that they allow lower down payments (just 3.5 percent) and a lower credit score (580) than many other mortgage loans.
What are the disadvantages of FHA loans?
You have to pay for FHA mortgage insurance regardless of your down payment size. And you can’t get rid of it unless you refinance. So if you have a great credit score and/or you’re putting 20 percent or more down, an FHA loan likely isn’t the right choice for you. In that case, look into a conventional loan instead.
What credit score do I need for a conventional loan?
Conventional loans require a credit score of at least 620. But some mortgage lenders might set their own requirements, starting at 640, 660, or even higher. Plus, your conventional mortgage rate will be better the higher your credit score is. So especially if your credit is on the lower end, be sure to show around with different lenders for the best deal.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
FHA loans require a credit score of 580 or higher in most cases. You might be able to get an FHA loan with a credit score of 500-580 if you make a 10 percent or bigger down payment. But you’ll have to search for the right lender because few mortgage companies allow scores in that range for FHA loans.
What’s the interest rate on a conventional loan?
Conventional loan interest rates are typically a little higher than FHA mortgage rates. That’s because FHA loans are backed by the Federal Housing Administration, which makes them less “risky” for lenders and allows for lower rates. However, if you have a great credit score (above 680, in most cases) you might qualify for a lower conventional rate. But, you also have to consider the annual mortgage insurance rate with each loan. Depending on your credit score and down payment, conventional mortgage insurance rates could be higher or lower than FHA insurance rates. This will affect which loan is cheaper overall.
Who qualifies for a conventional loan?
You might qualify for a conventional loan if you have a credit score of at least 620; a debt-to-income ratio of 43 percent or lower; a 3 percent down payment; and a steady, two-year employment history proven by tax returns and bank statements. To qualify for the low-down-payment conventional 97 loan, you must buy a single-family property (no 2-,3-, or 4-units allowed).
Which loan type has a higher credit score requirement?
Generally, conventional loans have a higher credit score requirement than FHA loans. Conventional loans may require a credit score of 620 or higher, while FHA loans may allow for a credit score as low as 500 to 580, depending on the lender.
What is mortgage insurance, and how does it differ for conventional loans and FHA loans?
Mortgage insurance is a type of insurance that protects lenders in case the borrower defaults on the loan. With a conventional loan, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is generally required if the down payment is less than 20%. With an FHA loan, mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) are required for the life of the loan.
Which loan type has more flexible underwriting requirements?
FHA loans generally have more flexible underwriting requirements compared to conventional loans. They may allow for higher debt-to-income ratios, lower credit scores, and non-traditional credit histories. Conventional loans may have stricter underwriting requirements.
Can you refinance from an FHA loan to a conventional loan?
Yes, you can refinance from an FHA loan to a conventional loan. Refinancing may help you get a lower interest rate, lower monthly payments, or eliminate mortgage insurance. However, it’s important to evaluate the potential costs, benefits, and qualification requirements before proceeding with the refinance.
Conventional loan vs FHA: The bottom line
For today’s low down payment home buyers, there are scenarios in which the FHA loan is what’s best for financing; and there are scenarios in which the Conventional 97 is the clear winner. Mortgage rates for both home loans should be reviewed and evaluated.
Ready to make a home purchase? Talk with a loan officer about your mortgage options. You should compare personalized quotes for both FHA and conventional loans to see which one is cheaper for your situation and suits your needs best.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
While the dream of homeownership might seem elusive on a tight budget, the availability of low income home loans offers a beacon of hope.
These specialized loans come in handy, particularly when the obstacles of saving for a down payment loom large—a common hurdle if you’re already strapped with rent payments.
So if you’re wondering how to bridge the financial gap between renting and owning, read on to explore the various low income home loan programs that could unlock the door to your future home.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
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Can I buy a house with low income?
Yes, you can buy a house with a low income by qualifying for housing assistance programs and special mortgage loans. That’s because there is no minimum income requirement to buy a house.
However, your ability to do so will depend on a variety of factors specific to your financial situation. A mortgage lender will examine your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment to determine if you qualify.
Check your mortgage eligibility. Start here
What are low income home loans?
The path to homeownership can be fraught with challenges, particularly for those with limited financial resources. Enter low income home loans—a specialized type of mortgage designed to level the playing field for buyers facing financial barriers.
Low-income mortgage programs focus on addressing the common challenges that low-income earners encounter, such as managing debt, maintaining less-than-stellar credit scores, and struggling to save for a significant down payment.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Minimal down payment requirements: One of the most daunting aspects of buying a home is accumulating a large down payment. Low income home loans often require smaller down payments, making it easier for buyers to make the initial leap.
Lenient credit criteria: Having a perfect credit score is not always feasible, especially when living on a limited income. These loans often have more flexible credit requirements, allowing for a broader range of credit histories.
Reduced costs at closing: High closing costs can be another hurdle. Low income home loan programs may offer reduced or even waived closing costs in certain circumstances.
Competitive mortgage interest rates: High interest rates can quickly make a mortgage unaffordable. Low income home loans often feature competitive interest rates, reducing long-term costs.
Lower mortgage insurance premiums: Some programs offer reduced premiums for mortgage insurance, further lowering monthly payments.
Interestingly enough, some of these programs often have income caps, essentially barring applicants who have incomes that are considered too high. This ensures that the programs benefit those who need them most.
Requirements for low income home loans
Your ability to qualify for a loan is not solely based on your income. Lenders will assess your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a key metric that represents your monthly debts as a percentage of your monthly income. Generally, a DTI under 35% is viewed as favorable, making you a more appealing candidate for a mortgage.
If saving a down payment is your chief concern, don’t worry; there are plenty of options that require minimal, or sometimes zero, down payments. Despite common misconceptions, a 20% down payment is not a universal requirement.
Additional Assistance
Beyond the loan itself, there are various homebuyer assistance programs that can help with the down payment and closing costs. Some of these are structured as grants that don’t require repayment, making it easier to achieve the dream of owning a home.
Navigating the complexities of mortgages and home buying can be intimidating, but low income home loans and assistance programs offer a lifeline to those who dream of owning their own home. These financial products and services are tailored to alleviate the most common obstacles, offering a viable path to homeownership for those who may have thought it was out of reach.
Low income home loans
Low income home buyers have plenty of loan options and special assistance programs to help with a home purchase. Here’s what you can expect.
Check your mortgage eligibility. Start here
Loan Type
Credit Score
Down Payment
Unique Requirements
HomeReady
Generally 620
As low as 3%
Income limits based on area, homebuyer education course required
Home Possible
Generally 660
As low as 3%
Must be primary residence, income limits may apply, can include 1-4 unit properties
Must be a qualifying service member, veteran, or eligible spouse; primary residence only
USDA Loans
Usually 640
No down payment required
Must be in a qualifying rural area, income limits apply, primary residence only
HomeReady and Home Possible mortgages
Fannie Mae’s HomeReady program and Freddie Mac’s Home Possible loan are geared toward lower-income home buyers. You need only 3% down to qualify, and there is no minimum “required contribution” from the borrower. That means the money can come from a gift, grant, or loan from an acceptable source.
Even better, the home seller can pay closing costs worth up to 3% of the purchase price. Instead of negotiating a lower sales price, try asking the seller to cover your closing costs.
Private mortgage insurance (PMI) may also be discounted for these low income home loans. You’re likely to get a lower PMI rate than borrowers with standard conventional mortgages, which could save you a lot of money from month to month.
“This is the biggest benefit,” says Jon Meyer, The Mortgage Reports loan expert and licensed mortgage loan originator. “The PMI is offered at a lower rate than with a standard conventional loan.”
Finally, Home Possible and HomeReady might make special allowances for applicants with low incomes. For instance, HomeReady lets you add income from a renter on your mortgage application, as long as they’ve lived with you for at least a year prior. This can help boost your qualifying income and make it easier to get financing.
You might qualify for HomeReady or Home Possible if your household income is below local income limits and you have a credit score between 620 and 660.
FHA loans
FHA loans offer flexible approval requirements for repeat and first-time home buyers alike. This program, which the Federal Housing Administration backs, relaxes borrowers’ standards to get a mortgage. This can open up the home-buying process to more renters.
You might be able to get an FHA home loan with a debt-to-income ratio (DTI) up to 45% or a credit score as low as 580 while paying only 3.5% down
Select FHA lenders even allow credit scores as low as 500, provided the buyer can make a 10% down payment
Thanks to these perks and others, the FHA loan is one of the most popular low-down-payment mortgages on the market.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
VA loans
Veterans Affairs-backed VA loans provide military homebuyers with a number of advantages.
No down payment requirement. You can finance 100% of the purchase price. You can also refinance 100% of your home’s value using a VA loan
No mortgage insurance. But you will pay a one-time VA Funding Fee. You can wrap it into the loan amount.
No minimum credit score. Although lenders are allowed to add their own minimums. Those that do often require a FICO score of at least 580 to 620.
Sellers can pay up to 4% of the purchase price in closing costs. So if you find a motivated seller, you could potentially get into a home with nothing out of pocket
If you’re a veteran, active-duty service member, or surviving spouse, the VA mortgage program should be your first stop.
Check your VA loan eligibility. Start here
USDA loans
If you’re not buying in a large city, you may qualify for a USDA home loan. Officially called the Single-Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, the USDA loan was created to help moderate- and low-income borrowers buy homes in rural areas.
With a USDA loan, you can buy a home with no money down. The only catch is that you must buy in a USDA-approved rural area (though these are more widespread than you might think). You can find out if the property you’re buying is located in a USDA-eligible rural area and whether you meet local income limits using the USDA’s eligibility maps.
Your monthly payments might be cheaper, too. That’s because interest and mortgage insurance rates are typically lower for USDA loans than for FHA or conforming loans.
There are two types of USDA loans.
The Guaranteed Program is for buyers with incomes up to 115% of their Area Median Income (AMI)
The Direct Program is for those with incomes between 50% and 80% of the AMI
Standard USDA-guaranteed loans are available from many mainstream lenders. But the Direct program requires borrowers to work directly with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
You typically need a credit score of 640 or higher to qualify.
Check your USDA loan eligibility. Start here
Low income home loan programs
Aside from mortgages that are designed to help people with low incomes buy a home, there are also a number of other programs that offer help to make homeownership more accessible.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Program
Description
Who Is Eligible
Hud Homes
Discounted homes sold by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Low- to moderate-income families, with preference for those who will make it their primary residence. May include single-family homes.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
Vouchers to subsidize the cost of housing in the private market.
Low-income families; must meet income and other criteria set by state and local housing programs.
Good Neighbor Next Door
Significant discounts on homes for teachers, firefighters, police officers, and EMTs.
Must commit to living in the property as a primary residence for at least 36 months. Includes single-family homes.
HFA Loans
Loans offered by state Housing Finance Agencies with reduced interest rates and down payment assistance.
First-time or repeat buyers with low to moderate incomes must meet income requirements. Often, it must be a primary residence.
Down Payment Assistance
Grants or loans to cover the down payment and sometimes closing costs.
Typically for low- to moderate-income families, though criteria can vary by program. Often for single-family homes.
State or Local Assistance
Various grants, loans, or tax credits are offered at the state or local level.
Eligibility varies but usually targets low- to moderate-income families. May include single-family homes.
Mortgage Credit Certificates
Tax credit to reduce federal income tax liability.
First-time homebuyers who meet income requirements; must be primary residence.
Manufactured and Mobile Homes
Loans or grants specifically for manufactured or mobile homes.
Low- to moderate-income families; must meet criteria set by specific housing programs. Usually must be primary residence.
Hud Homes
When the FHA forecloses on homes, those properties are often put up for sale as HUD Homes. And, you can generally purchase one at a steep discount. To qualify for a HUD Home, it will need to be your primary residence for at least 12 months. Additionally, you must not have purchased another HUD in the past 24 months.
Keep in mind that HUD Homes are sold as-is. Many are fixer-uppers. Moreover, HUD Homes are purchased through a bidding process. You’ll need a real estate agent or mortgage broker licensed with HUD to bid on an FHA property.
You can find HUD Homes on the official HUD website, hudhomestore.com. There, you’ll see all HUD real estate owned (REO) single-family properties in your area.
Good Neighbor Next Door
The Good Neighbor Next Door program offers unique benefits for nurses, first responders, and teachers. If you’re eligible, you can buy HUD foreclosure homes at a 50% discount. Use an FHA mortgage, and you only need $100 for a down payment.
You can find the homes on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development website. You’ll also need a HUD-licensed real estate agent to put your offer in for you.
If your offer is accepted and you qualify for financing, you get the home. The 50% discount makes homeownership a lot more affordable. However, be aware that this discount is actually a second mortgage. But it has no interest and requires no payments. Live in the home for three years, and the second mortgage is forgiven entirely.
HFA home loans
Not to be confused with FHA loans, HFA loans are offered in partnership with state and local Housing Finance Authorities.
Many HFA loans are conventional mortgages backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They may require as little as 3% down, and many HFA programs can be used with down payment assistance to reduce the upfront cost of home buying.
Borrowers who qualify for an HFA loan might also be in line for discounted mortgage rates and mortgage insurance premiums. To qualify, you’ll typically need a credit score of at least 620. But eligibility requirements vary by program.
Find and contact your state’s public housing finance agency or authority to learn more and see if you qualify. Also, be aware that this type of loan program will require additional approval steps that may make loan closing take longer.
Down payment assistance programs (DPAs)
Down payment assistance is exactly what it sounds like. It provides help with down payments on home purchases and often closing costs. Government agencies, nonprofits, and other sources commonly offer down payment and closing cost assistance. They are usually in the form of a grant or loan (though the loans may be forgiven if you stay in the house for five to ten years).
Most DPA programs target low-income home buyers and have guidelines that make qualifying easier. Some, however, provide assistance to people who buy in “underserved” or “redevelopment” areas, regardless of income. Many DPA programs offer assistance worth tens of thousands of dollars.
Talk to a lender about your options. Start here
Mortgage Credit Certificates (MCCs)
Mortgage credit certificates (MCCs) can stretch your home-buying power. If you meet income requirements, you could get a tax credit equal to some percentage of your mortgage interest. Lenders are allowed to add this credit to your qualifying income when underwriting your mortgage. This allows you to qualify for a higher mortgage amount than you otherwise could.
There are numerous states, counties, and cities that issue mortgage credit certificates, and their regulations and amounts vary greatly. Check with your local housing finance authority to find out whether MCCs are available where you live.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
The Housing Choice Voucher homeownership program (HCV) provides both rental and home buying assistance to eligible low-income households. Also known as Section 8, this program allows low-income home buyers to use housing vouchers to purchase their own homes.
Because local public housing agencies run these voucher programs, eligibility varies depending on location. Still, you’ll likely need to meet the following requirements:
Program-specific income and employment conditions
Being a first-time home buyer
Completing a pre-assistance homeownership and counseling program
Keep in mind that not all states offer voucher programs, and some programs have waiting lists. Also, these programs could limit how much you can sell the home for later on. To find out if your area offers a participating program, use the HUD locator web tool.
Manufactured and mobile homes
A manufactured home usually costs less than a traditional, site-built home. When placed on approved foundations and taxed as real estate, manufactured homes can be financed with mainstream mortgage programs.
Many programs require slightly higher down payments or more restrictive terms for manufactured homes. HomeReady, for example, increases the minimum down payment from 3% to 5% if you finance a manufactured home. Other programs require the home to be brand new.
Additionally, there are often requirements regarding the year the home was built and the property’s foundation. These guidelines will vary between lenders. Mobile homes that are not classified as real estate can be purchased with personal loans like the FHA’s Title 2 program. These are not mortgages because the homes are not considered real estate.
Check your mortgage options. Start here
Tips for buying a house with low income
Whether you’re buying a new home or your first home, these tips can help you achieve your homeownership goals.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Improve your credit history
Improving your FICO score is the best way to increase your chances of loan approval and qualify for lower mortgage rates.
The credit score needed to purchase a home varies depending on the type of loan you apply for. Conventional loans typically require a score of at least 620, while FHA loans often require at least 580.
Start by pulling free credit reports from annualcreditreport.com to determine your current score. Next, consider a few of the common methods for increasing credit scores. The amount of work that you’ll need to do will depend on your personal financial situation.
As an example, if your credit score is low because you’re using too much of your available credit, you may benefit from a debt consolidation loan to tame your high-interest account balances and improve your credit utilization.
On the other hand, if your credit history reveals missed payments, you’ll need to show at least 12 months of regular, on-time payments to improve your score.
Save for a down payment
The average first-time home buyer puts just 13% down on a new home. Yet, many loan programs require as little as 3% down or no down payment at all.
Remember that you still have to pay closing costs, which are typically around 2% to 5% of your mortgage loan amount. If you put less than 20% down, you’ll almost certainly have to pay for mortgage insurance.
In addition, you may need cash reserves in your savings account. This assures lenders that you can make your monthly mortgage payments should you suffer a financial setback. However, don’t let the down payment scare you away from homeownership. Many buyers qualify without even knowing it.
Pay down debts
Paying down debts will lower your debt-to-income ratio and improve your odds of mortgage approval. This is especially true for those with high-interest credit card debt.
You’ll likely qualify for lower rates when you have:
A low debt-to-income ratio (DTI)
High credit score
3% to 5% down payment
Stable income for the past two consecutive years
Use a first-time home buyer program
First-time buyer programs offer flexible guidelines for qualified buyers. Plus, these special programs exist in every state to help low-income households achieve homeownership.
Unlike traditional conventional loans, the government backs many first-time buyer mortgages. This allows mortgage lenders to offer loans with better rates and lower credit score requirements than they normally would be able to.
Verify your low income home loan eligibility. Start here
Model your budget
Owning a home requires more than qualifying for a loan and making monthly mortgage payments. Homeowners are responsible for a variety of ongoing costs, including:
Homeowners insurance
Property taxes
Mortgage insurance (in many cases)
Utility bills
Ongoing home maintenance
Home improvements
Appliance repair and replacement
Home buyers who have experience paying these ongoing costs of homeownership will be better prepared for the big day when they get the keys to their dream home.
Plus, sticking to this model budget in the months and years before purchasing a home and then saving the money you would spend on housing costs, such as insurance premiums and utilities, is a great way to build cash reserves and save for a down payment.
Use a co-signer
If you’re on the edge of qualifying for your own loan, using a co-signer may be an option.
Essentially, when you buy a house with a co-signer, you and your co-signer are both responsible for making the monthly payments. You’ll both also build and share in the home’s equity. Purchasing a home with a co-signer is quite common among unmarried couples, friends, and family members.
FAQ: Low income home loans
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
How do you buy a house with low income?
To buy a house with a low income, you have to know which mortgage program will accept your application. A few popular options include: FHA loans (allowing low income and as little as 3.5 percent down with a 580 credit score); USDA loans (for low-income buyers in rural and suburban areas); VA loans (a zero-down option for veterans and service members); and HomeReady or Home Possible (conforming loans for low-income buyers with just 3 percent down).
I make $25K a year; can I buy a house?
Mortgage experts recommend spending no more than 28 percent of your gross monthly income on a housing payment. So if you make $25K per year, you can likely afford around $580 per month for a house payment. Assuming a fixed interest rate of 6 percent and a 3 percent down payment, that might buy you a house worth about $100,000. But that’s only a rough estimate. Talk with a mortgage lender to get the exact numbers for your situation.
How do I qualify for a low-income mortgage?
Whether or not you qualify for a low income home loan depends on the program. For example, you might qualify for an FHA mortgage with just 3.5 percent down and a 580 credit score. Or, if your house is in a qualified area and you’re below local income caps, you might be able to get a zero-down USDA mortgage. Veterans can qualify for a low-income mortgage using a VA loan. Or, you can apply for the mortgage with a co-borrower and qualify based on combined incomes.
What programs are available for first-time home buyers?
Low income home loans can help first-time home buyers overcome hurdles like low credit or income, smaller down payments, or high levels of debt. A few good programs for first-time home buyers include Freddie Mac’s Home Possible mortgage, Fannie Mae’s HomeReady mortgage, the Conventional 97 mortgage, and government-backed loans like FHA, USDA, and VA. First-time home buyers can also apply for down payment assistance grants through their state or local housing department.
Can the government help me buy a house?
There are a number of ways the government can help you buy a house. Perhaps the most direct way to get help is by applying for down payment assistance. This is a grant or low-interest loan to help you make a down payment. You can also buy a house using a government-backed mortgage, like the FHA or USDA. With these programs, the government essentially insures the loan, so you can buy with a lower income, credit score, or down payment than you could otherwise.
How do I buy a house without proof of income?
You can no longer buy a house without proof of income. You have to prove you can pay the loan back somehow. But there are modern alternatives to stated-income loans. For instance, you can show “proof of income” through bank statements, assets, or retirement accounts instead of W2 tax forms (the traditional method). Many people who want to buy a house without proof of income these days find a bank statement loan to be a good option.
How do you rent to own?
A lease option or rent-to-own home isn’t exactly what it sounds like. You don’t simply rent until the house is paid off. Instead, you usually pay a higher rent for a set period of time. That excess rent then goes toward a down payment when you buy the house at a later date. Rent-to-own might help you buy a house if you don’t have a lot of cash on hand right now or if you need to improve your credit score before applying for a mortgage. However, rent-to-own requires seller cooperation and comes with unique risks.
Can I rent-to-own with no down payment?
Rent-to-own does not mean you can buy a house with no down payment. When you rent-to-own, you’re paying extra rent each month that will go toward your down payment later on. And usually, rent-to-own contracts include an option fee that’s a lot like a down payment. The option fee is smaller. Think 1 percent of the purchase price instead of 3 to 20 percent. And that fee eventually goes toward your purchase. But it’s still a few thousand dollars you must pay upfront to secure the right to buy the home later on.
Can I get a grant to buy a house?
Qualified buyers can get a grant to buy a house. These are called down payment assistance grants. They won’t pay for the whole house, but they can help cover your down payment to make a mortgage more affordable. You’re most likely to qualify for a grant to buy a house if you have a low to moderate income and live in a target area.
What type of low income home loan is the easiest to qualify for?
FHA loans are generally the easiest low income home loan to qualify for. The federal government insures these loans, which means lenders can relax their qualifying rules. It’s possible for a home buyer with a credit score of 500 to get approved for an FHA loan, but most FHA lenders look for scores of 580 or better. And a FICO score of 580 lets you make the FHA’s minimum down payment of 3.5 percent.
How can I get a home loan with low monthly payments?
To get the lowest possible monthly payment, choose a 30-year loan term, find a cheaper home, put more money down, and make sure you have excellent credit before applying for your mortgage. If you can afford a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid PMI premiums, which lower your monthly payments even more. Veterans can get VA loans that require no PMI, regardless of their down payment size.
What’s the lowest amount you can put on a house?
Some home buyers can put no money down with a VA or USDA loan. Conventional loans will require at least 3 percent down, and FHA loans will require at least 3.5 percent down. Down payment assistance grants and loans could help you cover some or all of this down payment.
How much house can I afford if I make $30K a year?
If you make $30,000 a year, you could probably spend about $110,000 on a house, assuming you get a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6 percent. This is a rough estimate. Your unique financial situation may be different. Getting a pre-approval from a lender is the only way to find your actual price range.
What are today’s mortgage rates for low income home loans?
Many low-income mortgage programs have lower interest rates than “standard” mortgage loans. So you might get a great deal.
However, interest rates vary depending on the borrower, the loan program, and the lender.
To find out where you stand, you’ll need to compare loan offers from several lenders and then choose your best deal.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Average mortgage rates fell moderately yesterday. That was a bit of a surprise (though a welcome one) because yesterday’s inflation report would normally have pushed them higher. Read on for why markets might have reacted unexpectedly.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might fall. But these early mini-trends often switch direction or speed as the hours pass — as we saw yesterday.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.015%
7.03%
-0.07
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.28%
6.31%
-0.1
Conventional 20-year fixed
6.91%
6.93%
-0.065
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.09%
6.125%
-0.14
30-year fixed FHA
5.875%
6.545%
-0.3
30-year fixed VA
5.99%
6.14%
-0.085
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.31%
7.56%
-0.005
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Yesterday’s fall in mortgage rates showed markets continuing to have faith in a “soft landing,” which will occur if we continue to see falling inflation together with a resilient economy. Indeed, it suggests that faith can’t be shaken even by occasional unfriendly data.
I think a soft landing remains the most likely scenario for 2024.
So, my personal rate lock recommendations are:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
FLOAT if closing in 15 days
FLOAT if closing in 30 days
FLOAT if closing in 45 days
FLOATif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes tumbled to 3.93% from 4.04%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices increased to $74.42 from $72.80 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices climbed to $2,065 from $2,036 an ounce. (Good for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — inched lower to 73 from 75. (Good for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to decrease. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Yesterday
I suspect that Wall Street has bought the narrative of a soft landing (see above) and, for now, is prepared to stick to it through thick and thin. That’s my only real explanation for why mortgage rates fell yesterday despite an unfriendly inflation report.
True, some saw the report as less unfriendly than others. The New York Times (paywall), for example, reported it under the headline, “Price Increases Tick Higher, but Show Moderation.”
But the consumer price index (CPI) was undeniably worse than expected. And that would normally exert some upward pressure on mortgage rates. Still, let’s not give this gift horse too close a dental inspection.
Today
Producer price indexes (PPIs) are typically less important than CPIs. But they still sometimes affect mortgage rates.
Today’s PPI showed factory-gate and wholesale prices rising more slowly than expected. And that would normally be good for mortgage rates. However, as we saw yesterday, markets don’t always follow such “rules.”
Next week
Rather like this week, next week starts slowly but contains an important economic report. Things are especially quiet on Monday because bond markets are closed for Martin Luther King Day. And closed bond markets mean mortgage rates shouldn’t move. (So, we shall not be publishing this daily report on Monday.)
Tuesday’s similarly dull with no economic reports scheduled for release.
However, Wednesday is potentially next week’s big day for mortgage rates, led by the retail sales report for December. But, after that, things tail off again.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Jan. 11 report put that same weekly average at 6.66%, up from the previous week’s 6.62%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the last quarter (Q4/23) and the following three quarters (Q1/24, Q2/24 and Q3/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Dec. 19 and the MBA’s on Dec. 13.
Forecaster
Q4/23
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Fannie Mae
7.4%
7.0%
6.8%
6.6%
MBA
7.4%
7.0%
6.6%
6.3%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
For the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
In fact, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. This gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements, or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders — and it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
For a third day, average mortgage rates barely moved yesterday. But that’s good because it means last week’s big falls remain effectively uneroded.
First thing, it was again looking as if mortgage rates today might fall, perhaps modestly or moderately. However, that could change as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.125%
7.14%
-0.075
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.385%
6.415%
-0.1
Conventional 20-year fixed
6.975%
7%
-0.045
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.12%
6.145%
-0.065
30-year fixed FHA
5.98%
6.88%
-0.095
30-year fixed VA
6.165%
6.315%
-0.13
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.425%
7.675%
-0.035
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Every day that passes makes a corrective bounce (when mortgage rates rise as markets think they’ve got carried away) less likely. And it reinforces my hope that those rates are in a downward trend that could last well into next year.
So, my personal rate lock recommendations are:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
FLOAT if closing in 15 days
FLOAT if closing in 30 days
FLOAT if closing in 45 days
FLOATif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes edged lower to 3.90% from 3.92%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were mostly falling this morning. (Good for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices climbed to $75.14 from $73.12 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices held steady at $2,049 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — ticked down to 77 from 78. (Good for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to decrease. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
The Federal Reserve
This morning’s Wall Street Journal (paywall) observed: “After their policy meeting last week, Fed officials released projections of at least three rate cuts [in general interest rates] next year. They have since been flummoxed that investors expect even faster and deeper cuts. The result: Confusion over when and how quickly the Fed might cut as the central bank tries to bring inflation down without a painful recession.”
This could turn into a real issue that could push mortgage rates higher, probably in the new year. Wall Street has a long and inglorious record of hearing what it wants the Fed to say rather than what the Fed actually says. And we’ve seen quite recently examples of sharp rises in mortgage rates when markets’ wishful thinking collides with reality.
Still, last week’s Fed meeting did deliver genuinely good news. And, even if mortgage rates rise when investors face the cold light of dawning reality, I’m optimistic that we’ll keep at least most of the recent gains. Just be aware that the path to lower mortgage rates is unlikely to be smooth.
Today
This morning’s economic reports cover existing home sales in November and consumer confidence in December. They’re both published too late for me to assess their likely impact on markets and mortgage rates.
They could push mortgage rates a little higher or lower, but they rarely move them far or for long.
Tomorrow
Tomorrow brings gross domestic product (GDP) figures for the third quarter of this year. This will be the third and final estimate for this number.
The second estimate put GDP growth at 5.2%, up from 2.1% in the second quarter. MarketWatch says that market expectations for tomorrow’s figure have recently been slightly scaled down to 5.1%.
If the actual number tomorrow is lower than 5.1%, that could drag mortgage rates lower. But, if it’s higher, that could push those rates upward.
Friday
We’re due November’s personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index on Friday. Markets might get nervous if that shows inflation rising more than expected because that could destroy the Fed’s new-found optimism.
More on what to expect from the PCE report tomorrow.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time low for mortgage rates was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65% for conventional, 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages.
Freddie’s Dec. 14 report put that same weekly average at 6.95%, down from the previous week’s 7.03%. Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the current quarter (Q4/23) and the following three quarters (Q1/24, Q2/24 and Q3/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Dec. 19 and the MBA’s on Dec. 13.
Forecaster
Q4/23
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Fannie Mae
7.4%
7.0%
6.8%
6.6%
MBA
7.4%
7.0%
6.6%
6.3%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
For the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
In fact, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. This gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements, or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders — and it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
Well, another year is nearly in the books, which means it’s time to look ahead at what 2024 might have in store.
As is customary, I take a look at mortgage rate predictions from a variety of economists and offer up my own take for the upcoming year.
I also look back at the predictions for the current year to see how everyone did (hint: not well!).
The big story in 2023 was out of control inflation. The story going forward might be cooling inflation.
Though there’s also the risk it resurges, at which point mortgage interest rates could rise again.
Mortgage Rates Are Expected to Go Down in 2024
First let’s talk about the general outlook. Most expect mortgage rates to go down in 2024, which was actually the call in 2023 as well.
But guess what? Everyone was wrong. Expectations that the 30-year fixed would fall back into the 5% range were way off.
Instead, interest rates on the popular loan program surpassed the 8% mark before finally letting up over the past month.
So while many economists are optimistic for the coming year, take note that they felt the same way a year ago. And got it wrong.
But things aren’t exactly the same. The Fed increased its fed funds rate 11 times, which many believe has worked to corral inflation.
And this could lead to weak economic output and rising unemployment, which could result in Fed rate cuts as early as March 2024.
This doesn’t necessarily mean mortgage rates would follow the Fed lower, but it could signal that the worst is behind us.
As such, mortgage rates may have peaked, and it’s possible they could continue to drift lower and find a comfortable medium between their old record lows and recent near-21st century highs.
MBA 2024 Mortgage Rate Predictions
First quarter 2024: 7.1% Second quarter 2024: 6.6% Third quarter 2024: 6.3% Fourth quarter 2024: 6.1%
First up is the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), which is often fairly bullish about mortgage rates improving.
They are, after all, fans of mortgages being originated, and lower rates equate to higher funding volume.
Last year, they predicted that the 30-year fixed would ease throughout 2023 and average 5.2% in the fourth quarter.
That didn’t work out as planned, with the 30-year fixed closer to 7% today. And it was actually above 8% just a month ago.
Still, they are predicting lower mortgage rates in 2024, just as they did last year. The difference this time around might the inflation story.
It has cooled a lot since then, which could lead to Fed rate cuts and an easing in the 10-year treasury yield, which correlates well with mortgage rates.
Ultimately, they may have expected inflation to improve faster than it did, which is why they got rates wrong in 2023.
Now that inflation actually is significantly lower, their predictions could come to fruition. Also note that their latest prediction is a full percentage point higher than it was a year ago.
They only expect the 30-year fixed to fall to 6.1% by the end of 2024 versus 5.2% when they made the same forecast a year ago.
Fannie Mae 2024 Mortgage Rate Predictions
First quarter 2024: 7.6% Second quarter 2024: 7.4% Third quarter 2024: 7.2% Fourth quarter 2024: 7.1%
Next up is Fannie Mae, which purchases and securitizes conforming mortgage loans.
They are a lot less bullish than the MBA, as they expect the 30-year fixed to remain in the 7% range for all of 2024.
It’s possible they’ll update their forecast in light of recent improvements in mortgage rates.
But as it stands, they don’t expect the 30-year fixed to drop below 7.10%, which is basically where it’s at now.
So we can take this to mean they expect mortgage rates to remain relatively flat at these new, higher levels for much of 2024.
I will update their numbers if they release a new forecast before the end of 2023.
Freddie Mac 2024 Mortgage Rate Predictions
First quarter 2024: n/a Second quarter 2024: n/a Third quarter 2024: n/a Fourth quarter 2024: n/a
While Freddie Mac stopped releasing a monthly outlook for mortgage rates (for reasons unknown), they still do a monthly commentary.
And from that we can glean some ideas about where they think mortgage rates will go in 2024.
Their latest outlook notes that they expect “recent volatility in Treasury yields to abate which will allow modest reductions in mortgage rates.”
How modest? Well, they said mortgage rates will probably not fall below 6% “in the short run” thanks to the higher for longer narrative.
But given the recent improvement in rates (and the 10-year bond yield), it’s possible rates could get back in the low-6s in 2024.
And if the borrower pays discount points, a rate in the 5% range is also possible, assuming those mortgage rate spreads tighten due to decreased volatility.
A year ago, they expected the 30-year fixed to fall to 6.1% by the fourth quarter of 2023. So perhaps they’re being a bit more conservative.
However, they expect home prices to rise a further 2.6% in 2024 thanks to mortgage rate lock-in effect and favorable demographics, including an elevated share of first-time home buyers.
NAR 2024 Mortgage Rate Outlook
First quarter 2024: 7.5% Second quarter 2024: 6.9% Third quarter 2024: 6.5% Fourth quarter 2024: 6.3%
The National Association of Realtors (NAR) releases a monthly U.S. Economic Outlook that contains their mortgage rate predictions for the year ahead.
I’m going off their October version until I can get a more updated one, so I expect their numbers to get even more optimistic given the recent improvement in mortgage rates.
There’s even a chance they’ll throw out a number in the high-5% range for the fourth quarter of 2024.
NAR chief economist Lawrence Yun also expects the 30-year fixed to average between 6-7% by the spring home buying season.
He added that “we’ve already reached the peak in terms of interest rates.” So his expectation is it’ll get better from here. The question is how much better.
Zillow’s 2024 Mortgage Rate Prediction
Next we have Zillow. Sometimes they make mortgage rate predictions, sometimes they don’t.
Given how wrong everyone has been lately, they said, “Predicting how mortgage rates will move is a nearly impossible task…”
However, they do expect home prices to “hold steady in 2024,” declining by a negligible 0.2%.
They also believe mortgage rates may “hold fairly steady” too in coming months if recent inflation readings are any indication.
Together, the cost of buying a home could level off next year, or even drop if mortgage rates do too. But they aren’t throwing out specific numbers.
Interestingly, Zillow expects more mortgage rate locked-in homeowners to “end their holdout for lower rates and go ahead with those moves.”
So even if rates don’t get much better, the holdouts might say enough is enough and list their properties.
If rates do keep dropping, this argument becomes even more compelling. So much-needed supply could be freed up in the process.
Redfin 2024 Mortgage Rate Predictions
Meanwhile, Redfin believes mortgage rates will steadily decline throughout 2024, but remain above 6%.
Specifically, they expect the average 30-year mortgage rate to linger around 7% in the first quarter, then inch down as the year goes on.
By the end of 2024, the real estate brokerage thinks mortgage rates will fall to about 6.6% thanks in part to 2-3 rate cuts from the Fed.
Offsetting these cuts is the expectation that we will avoid a recession in 2024. So a lack of serious economic pain means more modest declines in rates as opposed to sizable ones.
Still, they see home buyers finally catching a break because home prices are also predicted to be flat.
This means monthly payments will fall further from their recent all-time highs, which we can all agree is a good thing.
Realtor 2024 Mortgage Rate Forecast
Meanwhile, the economists at Realtor.com are predicting a minimal decline in mortgage rates, but still an improvement.
They expect the 30-year fixed to average 6.8% in 2024 after averaging 6.9% in 2023. So just a 10-basis point decrease.
However, they do expect rates to finish off 2024 at 6.5%, which is a little more optimistic.
It’s also markedly better than the 2023 year-end expectation of 7.4%. And would essentially take us back to the end of 2022, when the 30-year fixed averaged 6.42%.
In other words, we might be able to forget 2023 ever happened. But we still won’t be able to revisit early 2022 anytime soon.
At that time, the 30-year fixed was a mindboggling 3.22%.
The Truth’s 2024 Mortgage Rate Predictions
First quarter 2024: 6.875% Second quarter 2024: 6.625% Third quarter 2024: 6.25% Fourth quarter 2024: 5.875%
Like everyone else, I was wrong about mortgage rates in 2023. I thought they’d slowly move lower throughout the year before ending the year around 5%.
Instead, we are closer to 7% today, which is a pretty big miss. That being said, what I assumed would play out last year (lower inflation), seems to be happening now.
There are also several rate cuts now expected in 2024, with the CME FedWatch Tool favoring a 4% – 4.25% range for the federal funds rate by December 2024.
The 10-year bond yield is also expected to moderate further, and could be back to the mid-3% range.
If we assume that mortgage rate spreads also tighten from their current levels near 300 bps to something more reasonable, such as 200 bps, we could see noticeably lower mortgage rates in 2024.
Taken together, a spread of 200 bps and a 3.5% 10-year yield could signal a return to mid-5% mortgage rates.
That might sound a little too good to be true, so I’ll err on the side of caution and go for an average rate as low as 5.875% to end the year.
Remember, there are still a lot of unknowns and potential curveballs ahead. We’ve got multiple geopolitical events that are still unfolding.
And potentially the most contentious U.S. presidential election in history. So as always, mortgage rates will ebb and flow, and opportunities will present themselves.
There will be good months and bad months, but I expect mortgage rates to continue trending lower as 2024 unfolds.
Mortgage Q&A: “Is now a good time to refinance my home?”
If you’re one of the few people asking this question right now, the short answer is most likely no.
And the reason it’s a no is because mortgage rates have skyrocketed over the past 18 months or so.
But like everything else in the mortgage world, the answer does depend on the situation.
Not everyone has the same mortgage rate, nor do they have the loan product, or the same needs.
Very Few Homeowners Benefit from a Refinance Right Now
A refinance typically only makes sense if you can obtain a lower mortgage rate in the process
This is very difficult to accomplish at the moment with rates averaging 7%+
Most homeowners already refinanced a couple years ago when rates were priced around 3%
Refinancing will make sense again once rates fall and/or more borrowers take out mortgages at today’s higher rates (giving them a future refinance opportunity)
First things first, there are two main mortgage refinance options available to homeowners, including the rate and term refinance and the cash out refinance.
There is also the streamline refinance, which is a fast-tracked type of rate and term refinance.
For simplicity sake, a rate and term refinance allows a borrower to lower their interest rate, change their loan term, and/or switch loan products.
The cash out refinance allows a borrow to tap their home equity and perhaps change their rate, term, and loan product as well.
At the moment, very few borrowers are applying for rate and term refinances because interest rates aren’t favorable.
Conversely, everyone and their mother was applying for one back in 2020 and 2021, when mortgage rates hit record lows.
This made perfect sense because you could swap your existing 4-6% mortgage rate for one in the 2-3% range, or even in the 1% range if it was a 15-year fixed mortgage.
Rate and Term Refinances Are Virtually Nonexistent
Times have changed, and now that mortgage rates are closer to 7%, there’s very little reason to pursue a rate and term refinance.
A new report from ICE revealed that only about 5,500 rate and term refinances have been originated per month, on average, over the past year industrywide.
To put that in perspective, there have been roughly 650,000 rate and term refis funded each quarter going back 15 years.
Today, it’s closer to 16,500 per quarter, which is record low territory. It’s also a pretty clear sign that a rate and term refinance doesn’t make sense for most people.
As a rule of thumb, if you can’t lower your existing mortgage rate by say 1% or more, it doesn’t make sense given the closing costs, the time, and the hassle.
And resetting the clock on your mortgage in the process. So unless your current mortgage rate is say 8.5% or higher, it likely doesn’t make sense.
The one caveat is someone who is removing a co-borrower or spouse from their loan out of necessity. But even this is being avoided if at all possible due to the great rate disparity today.
The bulk of these types of refinances is coming from legacy vintages, aka older home loans.
Eventually when interest rates fall, those with today’s 7-8% mortgages will make up the bulk of rate and term refis.
[When to refinance a home mortgage]
The Cash Out Refinance Share Is Nearly 100%
On the other side of the coin, we’ve got a cash out refinance share that has hit record highs lately.
Per ICE, it grabbed a staggering 96% market share in the fourth quarter of 2022, the highest level on record, and hasn’t really changed much since then.
Ultimately, the only reason to refinance a mortgage right now is to tap equity, often because the homeowner needs cash.
This explains why virtually every refinance originated today includes cash back to the borrower.
Because most homeowners have very low mortgage rates, often locked in for the next 30 years, there has to be a compelling reason to give that up.
And that reason is a dire need for cash, even if it means losing their ultra-low mortgage rate in the process.
But while the cash out share is extremely high, the volume of cash out refinances remains low relative to prior years.
Despite tappable equity being close to its 2022 highs, less than $8B was withdrawn from the housing market via a cash-out refinance in August.
While it might sound like a large number, it’s about 70% below the highs seen last year, a consequence of those higher interest rates.
In other words, the overall volume of cash out refis is also way lower than it has been in past years, again because of the high mortgage rates available.
Instead, those who need money are likely opening a second mortgage, such as a HELOC or home equity loan.
Both options allow the homeowner to keep their first mortgage untouched, meaning they don’t lose the low fixed rate.
[How to Lower Your Mortgage Rate Without Refinancing]
Who Would Refinance Their Mortgage Today?
So let’s walk through some different scenarios to see who, if anyone, could benefit from a refinance right now.
Imagine a homeowner who purchased a $500,000 property in 2021 when 30-year fixed mortgage rates were 2.75%.
The property is now worth $600,000 and they want cash to pay for other expenses.
There’s basically no way they’re going to give up their 2.75% rate, so a second mortgage would be the only deal that made sense.
Now imagine a homeowner who purchased a property for $300,000 in 2004 that is now worth $650,000. They need cash and their remaining mortgage balance is only around $130,000.
They might consider refinancing and pulling out cash because their existing loan is small and their old rate may have been 6% anyway.
It might not be ideal, since they were only a decade from being free and clear, but at least they aren’t giving up a low rate on a big loan balance. And again, they need cash.
When it comes to a rate and term refinance, we’ll likely need mortgage rates to come down a bit more from current levels to appeal to recent home buyers.
If these buyers have been taking out mortgages with rates in the 7-8% range, it’s possible they’ll be able to save money by swapping the old loan for a new one at say 6%.
In the meantime, homeowners can pay extra each month to reduce the interest expense, assuming they have the means to do so.
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The amount of money you need for a down payment depends on the overall cost of the house as well as the type of loan you’re approved for. VA and USDA loans can be as low as 0% while conventional and FHA loans range between 3%and 10%. Jumbo loans typically require a 10%down payment or more.
Buying a home is a goal for many Americans. The consumer and market data experts at Statista expect over 6 million homes will sell in 2023, which is a great sign for the housing market. If you’re one of the millions of Americans planning on buying a home, the first question you may have is, “How much do I need to put down on a house?”
Today, you’ll learn about how much you’ll need to put down before buying a home, and it may not be as much as you think. We’ll also go over how your down payment affects your offer as well as the pros and cons of making a larger down payment to help you make the right decisions before purchasing your dream home.
What Is a Down Payment?
A down payment is a certain percentage of the purchase price that you pay up front to secure a property, and the rest is paid in installments as part of a loan. Buying a home is a major purchase that can be hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars, and if you’re like most people, you don’t have that much cash lying around. A down payment is much more realistic amount to pay up front, and it also lessens the risk of the lender by showing you’re more likely to have the ability to make your mortgage payments on time.
Do You Need to Put a 20% Down Payment on a House?
It’s a myth that you have to put down 20% when buying a home. A 2022 National Association of Realtors study found that 35% of people believe you need a 16-20% down payment to buy a home, but that’s not the case at all.
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The data collected was from 1989 to 2021, and it shows that the typical down payment was 7% for first-time homebuyers and 3.5% for those getting an FHA loan.
The study also showed that repeat buyers put down an average of 17%, and this is because, based on their experience, they know the benefits of a larger down payment.
Although buyers don’t have to put down 20%, there are a few pros and cons to doing so:
Pros:
Better interest rates: A larger down payment means less risk for the lender and a smaller loan amount, so they charge less interest.
Lower monthly mortgage payments: The overall loan amount is lower, which also lowers the individual monthly payments.
The offer may be more competitive than other potential buyers: A larger down payment makes sellers feel more confident in the sale because it shows you can access more money and make the payments.
Cons:
It’s a lot of money you’ll no longer have access to: It’s always good to have a financial cushion in an emergency, so depleting your savings for a larger down payment may be a risk.
It may take longer to save for a home: The difference between a 5% and 10% down payment on a house can be tens of thousands of dollars, which can take additional years of saving.
You have less money for maintenance, repairs, furnishing, and appliances: Houses have many additional costs aside from the actual home.
You will have to take out Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) insurance.
Minimum Down Payment Requirements Based on Type of Loan
The minimum down payment for a house can vary depending on which type of loan you’re approved for.
VA and USDA loans: If you’re a veteran or currently active in the military or qualify for a USDA loan, your down payment may be as low as 0%. The USDA loans are for suburban and rural home buyers and have an application process where you must meet certain requirements for the program.
Conventional loans: These loans include loans like HomeReady and Home Possible and can be as low as 3%. These aren’t backed by the government, but they have similar guidelines and sometimes require a minimum credit score of 620.
FHA loans: Federal Housing Administration loans are as low as 3.5%, but for those with bad credit, it may be 10%. To qualify for the lower down payment amount, you’ll need a credit score of 580 or higher.
Jumbo loans: For these larger loans that exceed FHA limits, the down payment may be as low as 10%, but lenders often require more to lessen their risk.
Five Benefits of Making a Larger Down Payment
If you know how much house you can afford and are in a good financial situation, a larger down payment is typically a better option. While 20% may not be achievable, there are still benefits to making a down payment that’s higher than the minimum.
The following are some of the benefits to a larger down payment:
Lower monthly payments: Your monthly payments are divided by what you owe on a home, so a larger down payment will reduce how much you spend each month.
Better interest rates: Interest rates are often higher when a lender is taking on more risk, so they’re lower when the lender is lending less money due to the larger down payment.
Lower closing costs: Lenders charge closing costs as a percentage of the total loan amount, which is less based on the big down payment.
Better equity: Your home’s equity comes from how much of the home you own, and you own more of a percentage of the home with a larger down payment.
Better chance of closing the deal: Sellers feel more confident selling to someone who can put down more cash up front.
How Much Should You Put Down on a House?
How much you put down on a home is going to be different for everybody. Not only will it depend on your personal situation and financial goals, but it will also depend on how competitive you want to be with your offer. When buying a home, there may be multiple offers, and a larger down payment can signal to sellers that you’re able to follow through with closing the deal.
A larger down payment also means less money for other financial goals. In that same study from the National Association of Realtors, they found the second most common source of down payments comes from loans. If you’re already in debt when looking to buy a house, you may want to put down a lower down payment.
Here are some other considerations that may help you decide how much to put down on a house:
How much you should keep in savings: Life is unpredictable, which is why it’s always good to have an emergency savings fund. When deciding on a down payment, it’s helpful to ensure you still have some savings to fall back on in case of emergencies.
Other costs as a homeowner: Some first-time home buyers forget that they’ll have more expenses when owning a home than renting. You’ll be responsible for all of the maintenance and repairs.
Closing costs: The closing costs of a home are a percentage of the loan, so when planning out the down payment, keep this fee in mind.
Down payment assistance options: There are various programs and incentives for home buyers, so you may be able to find down payment assistance options. Also, remember that different lenders may have different rates, so shopping around may help you find a better deal.
FAQ
There are additional nuances to down payments on a home, so we’ve answered some common questions below.
Is It Worth Putting 20% Down on a House?
If you’re in a good financial position and can afford a 20% down payment, there are many benefits to putting that amount down. It can help lower your interest rates and monthly payments and may even help you close the deal with the seller.
Is $10,000 Enough to Put Down on a House?
A $10,000 down payment might be enough for a home. According to the National Association of Realtors, down payments are based on a percentage of a home with an average down payment of 7-17%.
What Is the Normal Amount to Put Down on a House?
The normal down payment amount for a house varies depending on the house’s price and loan type.
How Much Do You Need to Put Down on a 400K House?
The most common type of loan is a conventional loan, and you may put 5% down for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. For a $400,000 home, the down payment would be $20,000.
Can You Buy a House Without a Down Payment?
Yes. There are government-backed loans like VA loans or USDA loans that don’t require a down payment if you qualify.
How Your Credit Affects Your Ability to Buy a House
In addition to the down payment for a home, your credit score plays a big role in the overall cost of a home as well as the type of loan you can qualify for. For example, the FHA has credit requirements, and you need a score of 580 to qualify for a 3.5% down payment.
If you’re unsure where you stand with your credit, you can sign up and get your free credit report card right at Credit.com. We also provide additional services through our ExtraCredit® program that can help you monitor your credit score in addition to other features as you get ready to buy a home.
How some home buyers are getting mortgage rates as low as 3%
ABC News’ Whit Johnson shares what you need to know about “assumable mortgage loans,” which allow a homebuyer to take over a seller’s home loan and even keep the original mortgage rate.
With mortgage rates near 20-year highs and relatively few homes listed for sale, the Atlanta-areahousing market in August reached something of a precarious — and possibly temporary — plateau with prices rising, but slowly.
The median price of a home sold last month was $404,000, according to data released this week by the Georgia Multiple Listing Service.
That was just 1% higher than in July and only 2.3% above the median price of a home sold a year earlier, compared to double-digit increases for previous years, said John Ryan, chief marketing officer of the Georgia MLS.
The dampener on price hikes has been mortgage rates, pushed higher by the Federal Reserve’s campaign to tame inflation by raising borrowing costs.
When that changes, the market will see a flood of buying, predicted broker Kristen Jones, owner of Re/Max Around Atlanta. “Eventually, the Fed will stop, and mortgage rates will come down. At that point, we expect the floodgates to open.”
But right now, those gates are high and they’re holding.
The average rate for a 30-year mortgage was 7.18% at the end of August, the highest it has been since March 2002, according to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp., which insures loans in secondary markets.
Many who do buy now are betting that can’t continue, Jones said. “Buyers crossing their fingers that they can refinance in the next few years.”
Higher rates not only make monthly payments dramatically higher for new buyers, they freeze many potential sellers who don’t want to trade their current low rates for a high rate if they move, Jones said. “Sellers are not motivated to list. About 61% of all outstanding mortgages have an interest rate below 4%.”
With so many potential sellers standing pat, inventory — that is, the number of homes listed for sale — was 12.1% lower in August than it was a year earlier, according to the Georgia MLS.
Fewer than 11,000 homes in the region were listed for sale, which represents barely two months of sales. In a healthy, balanced market, the inventory level should represent at least six months of sales.
Part of the problem is an overall housing shortage in metro Atlanta.
After years of exuberant overbuilding, construction came to a virtual halt during the 2007-09 recession and has never regained its previous pace despite the region’s population growth. Since 2012, the shortage — and the flow of millennials into the market — has kept home prices rising, which increasingly made affordability an issue.
Then came the pandemic, which roiled expectations about commuting and home offices, and spurred federal efforts to protect household finances by driving interest rates down to historic lows and pumping money into the economy.
The rebound from the pandemic has meant rapid job growth, along with higher pay for many.
But at least until recently, Atlanta home price gains far outpaced income growth. That made down-payments for homes a challenge, shoving many potential buyers out of the market.
Demand for housing has spurred construction, most of it well outside the city of Atlanta. Even so, high land prices and various zoning restrictions have made construction for first-time buyers rare.
In Alpharetta, Blue River Lifestyle Communities this week announced a 24-unit development that includes both townhomes and single-family houses. The homes will be listed at $1.3 million or more.
Nearly 80% of baby boomers own a home, but only about half of the nation’s millennials do, according to national brokerage Redfin. About 1 of every 5 millennials say they don’t think they’ll ever be able to afford one, according to a Redfin poll.
But at least renters have also seen a moderation in the market. Metro Atlanta’s median rent is $2,127 a month, according to Rent.com, which tracks rentals nationally. That is virtually unchanged from a year ago, the group said.
And rate hikes are also biting homeowners who stay put.
The Fed’s campaign ripples through to virtually all borrowing, from car loans to credit cards. So even homeowners with low-rate mortgages will pay more than before if they want to tap their mortgage for a loan, said Andy Walden, vice president of research at Black Knight, a real estate analysis firm recently purchased by Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange.
Nationally, mortgage holders withdrew $39 billion in equity from their homes in the second quarter of this year, which is only about half as much as before interest rates started to climb, he said. “Rising rates are having a clear impact on how — and how much — equity mortgage holders are willing to withdraw from their homes.”
Metro Atlanta housing market, August
Median sales price: $404,000
Number of sales: 5,299
Number of homes listed for sale: 10,927
Price compared to year earlier: up 2.3%
Sales compared to year earlier: down 15.8%
Price compared to January 2020: up 50%
Average rate, 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage
Aug. 31, 2023: 7.18%
Aug. 31, 2022: 5.66%
Aug. 31, 2021: 2.87%
Aug. 31, 2020: 2.91%
High since 1999: 8.64% (May 2000)
Last time above 7%: March 29, 2002
Source: Georgia Multiple Listing Service, S&P Case Shiller Index, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp.