I am a 40-year-old single woman in need of a home loan to buy a 1-BHK house. Currently, I work as a freelance content writer. Should I approach private banks, PSU (public sector unit) banks, or NBFCs (non-bank financial companies) for the loan? What are the merits and disadvantages with each option?
—Name withheld on request
It is very much possible to secure a home loan with proper planning and consideration. Here’s how you can approach it:
Loan amount: Before applying for a home loan, assess your affordability for monthly EMI (equated monthly instalments) outgo based on your income. As a freelancer, lenders may require additional documents, such as income tax returns, bank statements, and client contracts, to evaluate your income stability. Make sure you have a set of these documents ready.
Down payment: Aim to save a substantial down payment to reduce the loan amount and enhance your chances of loan approval. Having a higher down payment can also help you negotiate better interest rates.
Lenders: You have several options to explore when it comes to lenders. These include private banks, PSU banks, and NBFCs. There are pure-play affordable players in the market, who have customized programmes especially for structuring loans and assessing incomes for informal self-employed profiles. There are many lenders (housing finance companies), who support first-time women borrowers without credit history or with informal incomes.
Interest rates and terms: Regardless of the lender type, compare interest rates, loan terms, processing fees, and other charges. Choose a loan option that offers favorable terms and aligns with your financial goals.
Seek expert advice: It may be beneficial to consult a financial advisor or loan expert who can guide you through the loan process and help you make informed decisions.
Anuj Sharma is chief operations officer, India Mortgage Guarantee Corporation.
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At any given time, there are numerous places and ways to invest your money, ranging from the stock market to real estate. But how and where you invest your money also brings up numerous potential risks and potential outcomes — for that reason, it can be difficult to decide what to do.
And while investors are right to wonder what investments make sense given the current economic and political climates, they may be surprised to hear that other, longer-term factors are just as important. As such, you may find it useful to learn the behavior of the available investment types, and then compare those patterns to whatever it is that you’re trying to accomplish, and along what timeline.
Learning About Investment Options
If you’re wondering “where should I invest my money right now?”There are several different potential answers and investment opportunities out there. But before you do anything, you’ll need to make some key decisions.
The first is to make a decision by investment type, which involves deciding to invest in certain asset classes or asset types. Your portfolio mix will be your asset allocation, which is covered below.
Stocks, bonds, cash, and money market funds, and real estate are just a few of the asset classes available to investors. Generally, the first order of business is to determine which is most appropriate for the financial goals an investor has. In order to determine this, it’s important to understand how each investment type earns a return.
Where to Invest Money
As noted, there are many different assets that investors can utilize or add to their portfolio. Here’s a rundown.
Stocks
A stock represents a share of ownership in a company. When an investor buys a share in a company, they own a small proportion of that company. Shareholders may even receive voting rights. This is why stocks are sometimes referred to as equities; investors now own equity in that company.
A stock can earn money in two ways. The first way is through the value of shares appreciating over time; this is called capital appreciation. The second is through periodic cash payments made to shareholders, called dividends.
Stock prices can be influenced by both internal and external factors, such as a new product launch or broader national or global events like a political event or natural disaster. Because the nature of business is highly unpredictable, stock prices can be volatile.
Bonds
A bond, on the other hand, is an investment in the debt of a company or government. The bondholder earns a rate of return by collecting a rate of interest on that debt for a predetermined amount of time, such as 10 or 20 years. Because the terms are stated upon purchase, bond values generally tend to be less volatile than stocks, but have more modest returns. That said, bonds are not completely without risk, and it is possible for bonds to lose value.
When interest rates are low, overall, bonds will likely pay out a lower rate of interest. Interest rates can change, and quickly, sometimes, which is something investors may want to take into account.
Typically, stocks are considered to have a higher potential for returns over time, but that comes with the price of volatility — the possibility of an investment losing value, especially in the short-term. Bonds are often considered a safer, more stable investment that may be more appropriate for investors who aren’t as comfortable with the volatility of the stock market.
A big part of deciding where to invest has to do with determining your relative comfort level with each of the different asset classes.
Mutual Funds
Investing directly in stocks isn’t the only option available to investors. Mutual funds present another way to invest in the stock market. Think of funds as baskets that hold an assortment of some other investment type, such as those mentioned above — stocks, bonds, and real estate holdings. Funds provide investors an easy way to access diversified exposure to many investments at once, but they are not an asset class in and of themselves.
Investment funds can be an affordable and quick way to get (and stay) invested, which makes them popular with both new and seasoned investors. But even if you decide to use funds as the device for which you invest in different markets, the first order of business is to understand the fund’s underlying asset class.
For example, someone who purchases a mutual fund that holds 500 stocks, is invested in those 500 stocks — and very much invested in the stock market. If you buy a mutual fund comprising 1,000 bond holdings, then you are invested in those bonds. If you buy a fund with real estate holdings, well, you get the idea.
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Options
Options are a form of derivative, and are “higher-level” investments than, say, stocks or bonds. Options can be difficult to understand, but fairly easy to trade — you’d likely want to discuss options trading or investing with a financial professional before you get into it.
That said, investors can invest their money in various forms of options, but they’ll need to keep an eye on their portfolios. Options trading is an active form of investing, as there are strike prices and dates that they’ll need to be aware of.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
Exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, are very similar to mutual funds in that they’re effectively a basket of different investments, all compiled into one security. There are tons of different types of ETFs, encompassing all sorts of different market indexes, sectors, and asset classes. Odds are, if you’re looking for a specific type of ETF, there’s likely one out there that fits the bill — or that comes close to it.
Retirement Plans
A retirement plan or account is another place that investors can put their money to work. There are various types of retirement plans — the list includes individual retirement accounts (IRAs), 401(k) plans, and the Roth variations of each. Not all investors may have access to each type, so, see what’s available to you, and which type of plan best fits your investing strategy.
Index Funds
As discussed, index funds offer yet another investment vehicle. These are investment funds that track an index, which is usually a specific part of the broader market. For example, there are index funds that track the S&P 500, or there are index funds that track the tech sector.
Investing in an index fund allows investors to gain exposure to their preferred market segment, and there are numerous options out there, too.
Real Estate
Real estate investing can include physical property — houses, commercial buildings, etc. — or, it comprises purchasing certain real estate-oriented investment vehicles. While many investors may not have the capital laying around to buy a house for investing purposes, they can buy real estate stocks, or even look at REITs, or real estate investment trusts, to get real estate exposure into their portfolios.
Certificates of Deposit (CDs)
Certificates of deposit, often called CDs, should also be on investors’ radar. CDs are somewhat like savings accounts, in which investors “lock up” their funds for a predetermined period of time in exchange for interest rate payments. Functionally, they’re similar to bonds, but there can be fees if you need to pull your money out of a CD before it matures.
Options for Cash
In some instances, it may make the most sense to keep the money for a particular goal in cash. It is helpful to understand what options are available for cash savings.
Savings accounts at a traditional bank or credit union: This is likely the most familiar option. Traditional and commercial banks remain popular for their large geographical footprint. Note that many traditional banks tend to pay a relatively low rate of interest on any cash holdings.
Online-only checking and savings accounts: A newer option for bankers, online-only banks and banking platforms may offer a slightly higher yield than a savings account at a commercial bank. Additionally, many do not require minimums or charge monthly maintenance or account fees.
Money market funds: Often found in brokerage accounts, a money market fund is a fund that holds cash and or other “very liquid investments,” like short-term government securities.
Certificate of deposit (CD): As discussed previously, certificate of deposit is a savings account that holds money for a fixed amount of time, like one year or three years. A fixed rate of return is paid out during that period. Generally, there is a penalty to cash out a CD prior to expiration.
When considering cash as an asset class, consider the risk and reward tradeoff, just as one would for any other investment type. Although cash might not be risky when considered in terms of volatility, it does not come without risk. Cash carries the risk of losing value over the long-term due to the effects of inflation, or prices rising over time.
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Beginner-Friendly Places to Invest
If you’re a beginner investor looking for places to put your money, it may be beneficial to revisit some basic investing rules or guidelines. For instance, you’ll likely want to build an emergency savings fund before focusing on your stock portfolio.
But assuming you’re ready to put your money in the market or otherwise start building your investment portfolio, many beginners begin with some basic investment funds. ETFs are a popular choice, as are mutual funds — but note that there are some differences to be aware of.
If you’re not sure where to turn or what to do, consider speaking with a financial professional for advice.
Which Investments Provide the Highest Returns?
You’ve probably heard a certain phrase before: The higher the risk, the higher the reward. That largely holds true in the financial space, although not in every instance. It’s all to say that riskier investments tend to provide higher returns.
Assets like stocks are probably, by and large, going to provide higher or better returns than, say, bonds. Trading options can likewise be more profitable than buying and holding stocks, too. But there are significant risks involved in any strategy, and those risks can be magnified by the specific investments involved.
Again, if you’re looking for the highest possible return, it may be best to consult with a financial professional for guidance, or to give some thought to how each type of investment fits with your overall strategy.
Creating a Goals-Based Strategy
Contrary to how many new investors are encouraged to think about investing, it may not make sense to try and pick “hot” stocks right out of the gates.
Instead, take a step back and consider the bigger picture view, and ask whether stocks are even appropriate given your goals and investing timeline. This decision on which combination of asset classes to be invested in, and in what proportions, is called asset allocation.
To determine your asset allocation, start by thinking of each “bucket” or “pot” of money independently. For example, maybe someone has $1,000 set aside for retirement and another $1,000 that they’d like to use as a down payment for a home. Think about this intuitively; these are very different goals with different timelines and therefore, may require different investing strategies.
Next, consider the financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment time horizon for each bucket. This can sound pretty boring especially if you’ve been conditioned to believe that you should invest in whatever is currently the talk of the town.
Risk vs Reward
The asset allocation decision really boils down to an examination of an investment’s risk and reward characteristics in order to determine whether it’ll work on a personal level. Here’s what’s so important to understand: with investing, risk and reward are two sides of the same coin. Investors cannot have one without the other. For more reward potential, an investor will have to take more risk. There is no such thing as an investment that produces returns with no risk.
Let’s consider, again, the two hypothetical investment goals from above: $1,000 for a down payment and $1,000 for retirement. How do goals lead one down the path of where to invest?
First, the $1,000 for a down payment: If the money is designated for use in the next few years, the risk of losing any money in a volatile investment may outweigh the potential to earn investment returns. Therefore, it might be best to keep this money in a lower-risk investment or cash equivalent.
Next, the $1,000 for retirement. Many retirement investors have the goal of reasonable growth over the long-term. Because of this long time horizon, there should be enough time to grow beyond spates of short-term volatility. Therefore, it may be suitable to create a portfolio that is primarily invested in the stock market or a combination of stocks and bonds.
Retirement investors close to retiring may opt to consider some exposure to bonds for both diversification purposes and to lower the overall volatility of the portfolio. Ultimately, a person’s comfort level with the stock market will determine their specific stock and bond allocations. And it’s worth noting that an investing strategy isn’t stagnant. As a person ages, their goals and investing strategy will likely need to evolve, too.
Opening the Right Account
Here’s another way to answer the question, “where should I invest my money?” By doing so, in an appropriate account type, at a brokerage bank or on an investing platform.
Just as it makes sense to keep cash in a bank account, the same must be done with investments. But with investments, opening the right account can be a bit trickier.
It is not uncommon to hear someone refer to a 401(k) or a Roth IRA as if one of those is, in itself, an investment. But retirement accounts are not investments — they are accounts. Granted, they can hold investments, but they are still accounts.
Money is contributed to any investment account in cash, and then those proceeds are used to purchase investments, like stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs. (In a plan sponsored by a workplace plan, like a 401(k), the investing might happen automatically, hence the confusion about it being an investment itself.)
It is also possible to invest in an account that is not designated for retirement. At a brokerage firm, these are often simply referred to as brokerage accounts. If you use a trading platform, it may be referred to as an individual or a wealth account.
Retirement accounts offer some sort of tax benefit, like tax-free growth on your investments, which make them suitable vehicles for long-term goals. But because they offer a tax benefit, there are more rigid rules for use. For example, some retirement accounts, like 401(k) and Traditional IRAs, levy a 10% penalty on money withdrawn before retirement age (there are some exceptions to this withdrawal fee). Also, there are limits to how much money can be contributed annually to retirement accounts.
Weighing Your Options
It all comes down to the individual. You’ll need to look at your risk tolerance, time horizon, and personal preferences to determine the most suitable investing path or accounts.
For short-term goals that require more flexibility, a non-retirement account may be a better choice. Because there are no special taxation benefits, there are generally no rules about when money can be withdrawn or how much can be contributed. Because of this, non-retirement accounts can also be a good place to invest for folks who have met their maximum contribution amount for the year in their retirement accounts.
Investing With SoFi
At any given time, there are a plethora of places or vehicles in which you can invest your money. You can invest in stocks, bonds, funds, real estate — the list is long. But each has its own considerations and risks that must be taken into account. Overall, an individual’s investing strategy is the most important thing to keep in mind.
As for where to open an account, new investors may want to focus on an institution or platform where they are able to keep costs low. There’s not a whole lot that investors can control, like investment performance, but how much they pay in fees is one of them. There are lots of options for investors.
SoFi Invest offers educational content as well as access to financial planners. The Active Investing platform lets investors choose from an array of stocks, ETFs or fractional shares, but restrictions apply.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an Active Invest account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
For a limited time, opening and funding an account gives you the opportunity to win up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.
FAQ
Which investment gives the highest returns?
Higher-risk investments tend to give the highest returns, but can also give the highest losses. These can include certain stocks or investment funds, particularly those focused on market segments that are risky or volatile.
Where can you invest your money as a beginner?
Beginners can use any number of investment vehicles to invest their money. Some choices include investment funds like ETFs or mutual funds, or even retirement accounts or plans.
Where can you invest money to get good returns?
There are numerous investment vehicles that can provide good returns, but those returns can be thwarted by down markets. Stocks and more volatile investments tend to provide higher returns, but also tend to have higher risks than other investment types.
SoFi Invest® The information provided is not meant to provide investment or financial advice. Also, past performance is no guarantee of future results. Investment decisions should be based on an individual’s specific financial needs, goals, and risk profile. SoFi can’t guarantee future financial performance. Advisory services offered through SoFi Wealth, LLC. SoFi Securities, LLC, member FINRA / SIPC . SoFi Invest refers to the three investment and trading platforms operated by Social Finance, Inc. and its affiliates (described below). Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of the platforms below. 1) Automated Investing—The Automated Investing platform is owned by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC registered investment advisor (“Sofi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC, an affiliated SEC registered broker dealer and member FINRA/SIPC, (“Sofi Securities).
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With the S&P 500 still down more than a third from its 2007 high, we’re all a little unsure about our retirement plans these days. So it’s time for some good old-fashioned elbow grease. A little effort now should make for a lifetime of security and peace of mind. And the first step is to run your numbers through financial calculators to estimate whether you’ll have enough saved to kiss the boss goodbye. (Metaphorically, of course.)
The calculators’ answers are important information. But what’s even more useful is changing the variables to see what most improves your chances for success. A retirement plan has a lot of moving parts — how much you save, where you live, when you start taking Social Security benefits — and some decisions will have a bigger effect on your nest egg than others.
The factors that have the biggest impact on a retirement plan vary from person to person. But to demonstrate how you can fiddle with your factors to analyze your own plan, let’s examine the retirement prospects of a hypothetical worker — whom we’ll call Hilda, as I’m a sucker for good German names — and see how dialing her numbers one way or the other changes her projected retirement income. Here are Hilda’s particulars:
Age: 55
Marital status: Single
Current income: $60,000
Desired retirement age: 65
Desired retirement income: $45,000
Estimated age at death: 95
Current savings: $100,000
Annual contributions to retirement accounts: $6,000
Assumed annual return on investments: 8%
For our analysis, we’ll use the “Am I saving enough? What can I change?” calculator found among the retirement calculators at The Motley Fool. Once you’ve entered your numbers and hit the “results” button, the calculator provides the number of months that it estimates your savings will last given your desired retirement income. In Hilda’s case, here’s the calculator’s analysis: “Your living expenses after retirement will be fully funded for 127 months.” Divide by 12, and you see that her money is expected to last 10.6 years. Unfortunately, that’s not good enough. If she wants to retire at 65 and expects to live until 95, she needs her money to last 30 years, or 360 months.
So what should Hilda do? Here are her options and possible outcomes, adjusted a single factor at a time.
Save More Hilda’s current savings rate is 10% of her income. What if she ups that to 15%, or $9,000 this year? According to our calculators, that will make her income last 155 months — an additional 2.3 years. That’s a fine first step, but it still has her running out of money in less than 13 years.
Let’s say she, through a drastic lifestyle reduction, managed to contribute the maximum to her 401(k), which in 2009 is $22,000 for someone age 50 and older. That would supersize her portfolio enough to last an estimated 322 months, much closer to the 360-month mark. But she probably can’t save 36% of her income. She’ll have to look at other options.
Spend Less in Retirement What if Hilda decides she can live on a retirement income of $40,000 instead of $45,000? After all, she’ll no longer be stuffing her 401(k) or paying Social Security and Medicare taxes (7.65% of each and every paycheck), and her income-tax bill will drop, too. Maybe she’ll also have eliminated her mortgage by then.
Dropping her annual income requirements by $5,000 adds 51 months (4.3 years) to her portfolio’s estimated lifespan. Not huge, but not negligible, either. However, Hilda feels this would be cutting costs a little too close. She wants to look at other possibilities.
Retire Later What happens when Hilda continues to save just 10% of her income but retires at 68 rather than 65? In that case, she’d have three more years of saving, a higher Social Security benefit (because of her higher lifetime earnings and her beginning benefits later), and she’d need her money to last just 324 months.
In this case, her money would last 255 months, or 21.3 years. By retiring three years later, she’s doubled the longevity of her portfolio. But it still won’t last until age 95. However, if she retires just one more year later — at 69 — the calculator estimates her money will last longer than she will, which is the goal of any retirement plan.
Work in Retirement Unfortunately, Hilda can’t stand the thought of working full-time for more than another decade. However, she’s open to the idea of working part-time for the first five years of her “retirement.” If she earns $30,000 in each of those five years, her portfolio’s life expectancy improves from 127 months to 237 months, or almost 20 years. That doesn’t get her to age 95, but it’s a significant improvement. In fact, for every year she works part-time in retirement, she adds about two years to the estimated endurance of her portfolio.
Quick note: Because Hilda’s “full retirement age” for Social Security purposes is 66, she shouldn’t begin taking Social Security until then if she’s still working. When you begin benefits before your full retirement age but then earn work-related income, your benefit can be significantly reduced.
Tap Home Equity There are a few ways to use home equity to boost your retirement. Let’s see how Hilda could add these to her calculations.
First, let’s assume that she no longer needs her family-sized home. She actually has some equity in the home, so she sells it, buys a smaller home, and comes out with an extra $50,000. Realistically, given the state of real estate these days, it would take at least a year to sell her house and actually get that $50,000 into her hands to invest. If it earns 8% a year, it would add 58 months — almost five years — to the longevity of her savings. That’s a decent-sized boost, and that’s not counting the lower cost of heating, cooling, maintaining, and paying property taxes on a smaller home.
The other option is a reverse mortgage, which is when a bank pays you money based on the value of your home, and you don’t pay it back until you move. A reverse mortgage on a home currently worth $300,000 could provide a check of $1,200 every month that the borrower stays in the house, according to www.reversemortgage.org. Our retirement calculator doesn’t have an input field for reverse mortgage, but since it operates essentially like a pension, that’s where we’ll add the $1,200. Input “30” in the “Years you will receive payments” field, and check the “First payment adjusted for inflation” button (but not the others). Click on the results and — voila! — Hilda’s retirement is fully funded.
While that’s encouraging, we should mention that it assumes Hilda’s mortgage is paid off before she takes out the reverse mortgage. If she moves before she passes away, she’ll have to pay off the loan. Plus, reverse mortgages can be expensive. So our preference is to put off taking out a reverse mortgage for as long as possible, perhaps using it only in the case of an emergency, such as needing in-home long-term care.
Note: There’s a helpful infographic on reverse mortgage myths which can be useful on seeing if this might be the right choice for you.
Change Your Expiration Date Of course, Hilda’s original retirement plan is perfect as long as she dies within 127 months of retiring. All jokes aside, it’s worth remembering that we’re playing it very safe by assuming she’ll live to 95. According to the Social Security actuarial tables, only 10.3% of 55-year-old women make it to 95. If Hilda’s not in good health or longevity doesn’t run in her family, she might assume she’ll die at age 90. That doesn’t change how long her portfolio will last, but it does change how long she’ll need it to last.
A Mixture of the Factors We looked at many variables in isolation, but the best solution for Hilda is to tweak several categories to find a combination of changes that she finds palatable. For example, if Hilda downsizes to a smaller home (resulting in a $50,000 investment a year from now), saves $200 more a month, delays retirement to age 66, and works part-time for the first two years of her retirement, her money will last until she’s 95. Considering all her options, Hilda decides these are adjustments she can live with.
The Bottom Line Retirement calculators are very handy tools, but they’re not crystal balls. The results are based on many variables — such as inflation, investment returns, and Social Security benefits — that we can’t predict and could turn out worse than expected.
How should you handle this uncertainty? Run your numbers once a year, using updated account balances, savings or cd rates, and benefits projections (for example, put in the estimated Social Security benefit found in the statement you receive in the mail three months before your birthday each year).
Also, different calculators provide different results, so don’t rely on just one. For additional opinions, check out:
Despite their shortcomings, retirement calculators do a good job of estimating the value of one decision over another. For Hilda, the variable that had the biggest impact on her plan was retiring a few years later. But it will be different for other people. As one example, boosting a savings rate from 10% to 15% would have a much bigger payoff for younger investors than it did for Hilda, who was already within a decade of her target retirement date.
What will provide the most power to your plan? There’s only one way to find out. Visit a financial calculator and start plugging away.
Could 2016 be the year that the piggyback mortgage returns?
Well, one California credit union is taking things back to 2006 with their new “Premier Purchase Program.”
In a nutshell, the new program being offered by AltaOne Federal Credit Union is an 80/20 combo loan, or an 80% first mortgage and a piggyback second mortgage for the remaining 20%. Yes, that’s zero down if you’re following along.
They aren’t the first to provide 100% financing again, but they’re unique in that you get two loans instead of one, a practice that was very common during the boom in the early 2000s.
[Check out the zero down POPPYLOAN being offered by one Bay Area credit union.]
Similar and Different
This new loan program, which was announced in late December, comes with a 30-year fixed first mortgage and a 10-year fixed second mortgage.
It’s similar to the old offerings seen in 2006 but a little bit different because the second mortgage has a shorter term.
To me it’s a compromise to offering zero down financing in an age when such loans are seen as toxic.
The shorter term means the borrower will actually gain home equity at a decent clip despite putting nothing down at the outset.
This differs from the old 80/20 loans that often permitted interest-only payments on both loans, relying on home price appreciation to gain equity.
That didn’t work out over the long term so perhaps this will allow homeowners to keep their heads above water even if home prices remain flat or dip a bit.
Lenders will be protected if this is the case, which makes this seemingly high-risk loan product viable again.
The loans are also fixed, unlike their predecessors that were often adjustable-rate, another layer of risk.
If you’re interested, the product is available on owner-occupied homes, including both one- and two-unit properties.
I’m assuming you’ll need good credit to get approved for this program and the first mortgage amount will likely be limited to the conforming loan limit. After all, that was one of the purposes of splitting loans up into two parts, the other to avoid PMI.
The company simultaneously launched their “Equity Builder Loan,” which is a home equity loan that must be used for home improvement.
It’s a 10-year fixed loan that requires the use of a contractor for things like a new pool, solar installations, renovations and so on. Again, the property must be owner-occupied.
The benefit is the shorter loan term, which means you won’t pay as much interest (you should also get a lower interest rate), but the monthly payments will be higher as a result.
Look out for more and more lenders offering these types of solutions in 2016 thanks to rising home prices and rates. Let’s just hope they stay conservative for a while so things don’t get completely out of hand.
Like many other investors, J.D. and I are fans of taking the slow, sure path to wealth. We invest much of our money in index funds. An index fund is a low-maintenance, low-cost mutual fund designed to follow the price fluctuations of a broader index, such as the S&P 500 or the Wilshire 5000. They’re boring investments, but they work. (If you’re investing for the excitement, you’re doing it for the wrong reason.)
Because of their low costs, index funds have been shown over and over to dominate the majority of their competition. Yet many investors shy away from index funds with the reasoning that “the stock market is too risky for me.”
People seem to think that index funds are simply mutual funds that track the U.S. stock market. And that’s not particularly surprising given that S&P 500 index funds are:
the largest index funds,
the index funds mentioned most frequently by the media, and
the index funds most likely to show up as an choice in your 401(k).
But there are all kinds of index funds aside from those that track the S&P 500. There are bond index funds, real estate index funds, commodities index funds, international stock index funds, and so on.
In other words, you can create a thoroughly diversified portfolio using nothing but index funds.
In fact, I’d suggest doing exactly that. By created a diversified, all-index fund portfolio, you’ll achieve a list of benefits relative to other types of portfolios.
Lower Risk Which sounds safer: Having the stock portion of your portfolio invested in 10 different companies, or having the stock portion of your portfolio invested in several thousand companies from more than 10 different countries? I know some people disagree, but to me it’s a no-brainer.
By constructing your portfolio from index funds, you’ll achieve far greater diversification (and therefore be exposed to less risk) than you would if you constructed your portfolio from individual stocks and bonds.
Lower Costs Both common sense and historical data tell us that one of the best ways to improve investment returns is to reduce costs. Conveniently, index funds carry significantly lower costs than actively managed mutual funds. For example:
Vanguard’s Total Bond Market Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.22%. That’s less than one-fourth of the average expense ratio among bond funds (1.04%, according to Morningstar’s Fund Screener tool).
Vanguard’s REIT Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.26%, or less than one-fifth that of the average real estate fund (1.45%).
It’s quite possible that you could cut your total costs by 1% or more. And while 1% per year may not sound like much, it can really add up over an extended period.
Lower Taxes Index funds have much lower portfolio turnover than other mutual funds. (That is, they buy and sell investments within their portfolios far less frequently than actively managed funds do.) This makes them more tax efficient than other mutual funds for two reasons:
The capital gains they distribute are primarily long-term in nature (and thereby taxed at a lower rate than short-term capital gains), and
Their capital gains distributions are minimized, meaning that you get to defer a significant portion of taxes until you sell the fund.
Added Bonus: You’ll understand what you own. With an actively managed mutual fund, you never know exactly what the fund manager is investing in. With index funds, it’s all out in the open.
Do you (like both me and J.D.) have a portfolio made up primarily of index funds? If not, why? Is there a particular concern that’s holding you back?
Today we’ll learn more about “Homespire Mortgage,” which has made the Inc. 5000’s List of America’s Fastest-Growing Private Companies for the past four years in a row.
Aside from being a rapidly expanding mortgage company, they’re also consistently recognized as a top mortgage employer. Happy employees should increase your odds of being a happy borrower.
They pride themselves on breaking the mold, fusing innovative mortgage technology with the power of the human spirit to create a winning mortgage experience.
The company was founded in 2006 by Michael Rappaport (no, not the actor), who also currently serves as their president.
Let’s discover more about a lender borrowers trust, and real estate agents recommend.
Homespire Mortgage Fast Facts
Direct-to-consumer retail mortgage lender
Offers home purchase and mortgage refinance loans
Also an approved Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac seller and loan servicer.
Founded in 2006, based out of Gaithersburg, Maryland
Currently operates in 41 states and the District of Columbia
Funded roughly $2.4 billion in home loans during 2020
About half of total lending volume was in the state of Maryland
Homespire Mortgage is a direct-to-consumer retail mortgage lender that operates 32 branches in 17 states.
They are currently licensed to do business in 41 states nationwide, with Alaska, Hawaii, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming the exceptions.
In 2020, roughly 70% of their loan origination volume consisted of purchase loans, with the remainder refinance loans. In other words, real estate agents trust them to get the job done.
About half of their production was conventional, while roughly a third was FHA loans, and about 12% was VA loans. The rest was jumbo or USDA.
They also just launched a special initiative for healthcare workers that waives lender fees for those battling COVID-19.
How to Apply with Homespire Mortgage
You can request a quick rate quote via their online form
Or apply for a mortgage directly from their website in as little as 15 minutes via ReadyApp
Digital mortgage allows you to import taxes and bank statements electronically
They also have branches in select states across the nation for in-person consultation
One big plus to Homespire Mortgage is the fact that you can apply for a home loan right on their website, with no human interaction.
That seems to be a thing these days, so if you’re the type who likes to go it alone, you’re in luck.
They’ve got a digital mortgage application powered by Ellie Mae known as “Homespire Mortgage ReadyApp” that lets you enter in all your vital information and link financial accounts for a fast and accurate experience.
You can sync your tax returns and bank statements and go from application to submission in as little as 15 minutes.
Once submitted, a loan consultant will get you pre-approved quick, handy if you plan on doing some house hunting.
While technology is great, they haven’t forgotten the human element either – you’re more than welcome to choose a loan officer to work with, or visit a branch if one is located near you.
At the moment, they’ve got branches in 11 states, and over time that number should grow as they work on their nationwide expansion.
When applying via the website, you can select a loan officer or branch location if you’ve been referred to someone specific, or if you know the individual you plan to work with.
You can also simply request a rate quote via the website and a loan consultant will call you to discuss your loan scenario.
Homespire Mortgage Loan Options
Offer home purchase loans with zero down
Down payment assistance available
Refinance loans including streamline and cash-out
Renovation loans via Fannie Mae, FHA, or the VA
Jumbo loans
Fixed-rate mortgages and ARMs
When it comes to loan options, Homespire Mortgage has plenty to choose from for both home purchases and mortgage refinances.
You can take out a conforming loan backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or a government home loan backed by the FHA, USDA, or VA.
Additionally, they’ve got renovation loans (including HomeStyle Renovation, FHA 203k, and VA Renovation) for those who are purchasing or refinancing a fixer-upper.
Those in need of some down payment assistance can take advantage of the fact that Homespire Mortgage participates with federal, state, county, and city governments nationwide.
For those in expensive regions of the country, they also offer jumbo mortgages with loan amounts as high as $2.5 million and LTVs up to 95%.
In terms of specific loan programs, you can get a fixed-rate mortgage, such as a 30-year or 15-year, or an adjustable-rate mortgage, such as a 5/1 ARM or 7/1 ARM.
Like most other lenders these days, the lion’s share of mortgages originated recently have been 30-year fixed home loans.
So they’ve got a loan for just about everyone, whether you’re a first-time home buyer or looking to tap equity via a cash out refinance.
Homeownership for Healthcare Heroes Program
The company also just launched a special program that recognizes frontline healthcare workers who are currently battling COVID-19 nationwide.
Homespire’s Homeownership for Healthcare Heroes Program waives all lender fees for qualified borrowers on home purchase loans.
They say the average estimated savings are $1,520, which gives us a clue about what they normally charge borrowers.
Eligible participants include doctors, nurses, administrative professionals, along with individuals who work in doctor’s offices, nursing homes, and at home healthcare professionals.
The minimum loan amount is $100,000, and applications must be received between June 29th – December 31st, 2020.
Homespire Mortgage Rates
One negative to Homespire Mortgage is the lack of mortgage rate disclosure.
Sure, you can request a rate quote, but it’s nice to see mortgage rates upfront too.
Without knowing their pricing, or lender fees while we’re at it, it’s impossible to know how competitive they are until you get a quote.
As such, you should take the time to compare their quote to other mortgage companies to ensure you get a good deal.
While customer service and convenience are great, the mortgage could be with you for the next three decades. You’ll want to know you didn’t overpay.
Remember to factor in the lender fees, not just the rate, by considering the mortgage APR offered by Homespire Mortgage versus other lenders to accurately compare.
Homespire Mortgage Reviews
In terms of customer satisfaction, they’ve got a 4.98-star rating out of 5 on Zillow based on nearly 1,000 reviews.
After scanning through many of them, it appears most borrowers said both the interest rate and closing costs were lower than expected.
You can also view individual loan officer reviews on Zillow if you enter the person’s name in a web search. Handy if you want to know how someone specific performs as they’re a fairly large company.
On SocialSurvey, they have a 4.91-star rating out of 5 based on nearly 7,000 customer reviews. Again, you can filter those reviews by loan officer to learn more about the individual you plan to work with. Or to decide who to work with!
Homespire Mortgage is an accredited business with the BBB, and has been since 2009. They currently have an A+ rating, which is based on the company’s transparency and complaint history.
All in all, they seem to be highly regarded by past customers for both service and pricing.
Homespire Mortgage Pros and Cons
The Good
Can apply online via a digital mortgage application
Paperless process allows you to sync tax returns and bank statements
Lots of loan options to choose from
Discounts for healthcare workers
Lots of positive customer reviews
Brick and mortar branches for those who prefer human touch
They also service the loans they originate instead of selling them off Free mortgage calculators on site
Walt Disney World Resort is a sprawling resort complex consisting of theme parks, a shopping district, hotels and more. There are a host of methods to get around the entire resort, including bus, boat and monorail.
Let’s take a look at all the ways to navigate Walt Disney World, whether you’re looking to rent a car or rely on those good old feet to get around.
How to get around Disney World
Boat
You’ll find a few different boats within Walt Disney World. The biggest (and most well-known) is the ferryboat that takes guests from the Transportation and Ticket Center (TTC) to Magic Kingdom. The TTC is where those who are driving into the park will leave their vehicles.
Many different resort hotels also have water taxi access. If you’re looking to take a water taxi to Magic Kingdom, you can do so from any of these resorts:
Disney’s Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground.
Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort & Spa.
Disney’s Polynesian Villas & Bungalows.
Disney’s Wilderness Lodge.
You can also use a water taxi to get to either Epcot or Disney’s Hollywood Studios. This is available to guests staying at these resorts:
Disney’s BoardWalk Villas.
Disney’s Beach Club Villas.
Disney’s Yacht Club Resort.
Walt Disney World Dolphin Hotel.
Walt Disney World Swan Hotel.
Bus
Disney operates a vast system of buses throughout its Orlando resort. This means it’s possible to take a bus from any Walt Disney World Resort to any of the theme parks, water parks or Disney Springs.
Even if you’re not staying at a Disney property, you may want to take advantage of the bus system to get yourself from one park to another. This is especially true if you don’t have a car.
Disney’s buses are free to use and run 45 minutes prior to park opening until 1 hour after park closing.
Car
It’s possible to park at any of Walt Disney World’s theme parks, though you’ll need to pay $25 per day to do so.
If renting a car doesn’t catch your fancy, you may want to consider ride-sharing. Because so many hotels are close to Walt Disney World, it may actually cost less to use a ride-sharing service to drop you off at the entrance rather than paying the fee to park.
🤓Nerdy Tip
If you’re arriving from Interstate 4, take exits 64, 65 or 67 to get into the parks.
Disney has also partnered with Lyft to offer the Minnie Van service. You’ll need to have the Lyft app and pay for the service. This allows you to request a polka-dot van that’ll seat up to seven guests, and each van comes with one complimentary car seat. It can also be faster than waiting for complimentary transportation, which can be pivotal during those late-night returns.
On foot
This is a little tongue-in-cheek, but it’s as valid as any of these other options. There are a handful of Walt Disney World resorts that are within walking distance from the theme parks.
If you’re wanting to visit Epcot, you can walk from any of the following hotels:
Disney’s BoardWalk Villas.
Disney’s Beach Club Villas.
Disney’s Yacht Club Resort.
Walt Disney World Dolphin Hotel.
Walt Disney World Swan Hotel.
If you’re looking to visit Magic Kingdom instead, you can also opt to walk from these hotels:
Disney’s Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground.
Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort & Spa.
Disney’s Polynesian Villas & Bungalows.
Monorail
If you’re not staying at a Walt Disney World hotel, you’ll likely find yourself on the monorail at least once. This is because anyone wishing to visit Magic Kingdom by driving in will need to either take the monorail or the ferryboat to get to the entrance of the park.
However, the monorail also connects Magic Kingdom and Epcot, which makes it simple to figure out Disney World transportation between parks.
Finally, those who are staying at any of these properties will use use the monorail to travel directly from their hotel to Magic Kingdom:
Disney’s Contemporary Resort.
Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort & Spa.
Disney’s Polynesian Village Resort.
Disney’s Polynesian Villas & Bungalows.
Skyliner
Disney’s Skyliner opened in September 2019 and creates a new link between many of its properties and theme parks. The Skyliner is a massive gondola system that operates much like one you’d see on a ski slope.
The Skyliner has two main stops, one located at Epcot and one at Disney’s Hollywood Studios. If you’re staying at any of these Walt Disney World Resorts, you’ll be able to take advantage of the Skyliner system, though you may need to make a connection to do so:
Disney’s Art of Animation Resort.
Disney’s Caribbean Beach Resort.
Disney’s Pop Century Resort.
Disney’s Riviera Resort.
Disney’s Yacht Club Resort.
Disney’s Beach Club Resort.
Disney’s BoardWalk Inn.
Disney World transportation recapped
Disney does transportation well. This is a good thing since Walt Disney World’s Magic Kingdom averages roughly 57,000 guests per day, and nearly everyone needs to take advantage of its transportation services.
If you’re staying at a Walt Disney World resort, you have plenty of options for getting around without needing to rent a car. And even if you’re staying off-property, you can take advantage of Disney’s complimentary transportation services to make your way through the resort.
(Top photo courtesy of Walt Disney World)
How to maximize your rewards
You want a travel credit card that prioritizes what’s important to you. Here are our picks for the best travel credit cards of 2023, including those best for:
High above the Las Vegas Strip, solar panels blanketed the roof of Mandalay Bay Convention Center — 26,000 of them, rippling across an area larger than 20 football fields.
From this vantage point, the sun-dappled Mandalay Bay and Delano hotels dominated the horizon, emerging like comically large golden scepters from the glittering black panels.Snow-tipped mountains rose to the west.
It was a cold winter morning in the Mojave Desert. But there was plenty of sunlight to supply the solar array.
“This is really an ideal location,” said Michael Gulich, vice president of sustainability at MGM Resorts International.
The same goes for the rest of Las Vegas and its sprawling suburbs.
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Sin City already has more solar panels per person than any major U.S. metropolis outside Hawaii, according to one analysis. And the city is bursting with single-family homes, warehouses and parking lots untouched by solar.
L.A. Times energy reporter Sammy Roth heads to the Las Vegas Valley, where giant solar fields are beginning to carpet the desert. But what is the environmental cost? (Video by Jessica Q. Chen, Maggie Beidelman / Los Angeles Times)
There’s enormous opportunity to lower household utility bills and cut climate pollution — without damaging wildlife habitat or disrupting treasured landscapes.
But that hasn’t stopped corporations from making plans to carpet the desert surrounding Las Vegas with dozens of giant solar fields — some of them designed to supply power to California. The Biden administration has fueled that growth, taking steps to encourage solar and wind energy development across vast stretches of public lands in Nevada and other Western states.
Those energy generators could imperil rare plants and slow-footed tortoises already threatened by rising temperatures.
They could also lessen the death and suffering from the worsening heat waves, fires, droughts and storms of the climate crisis.
Researchers have found there’s not nearly enough space on rooftops to supply all U.S. electricity — especially as more people drive electric cars. Even an analysis funded by rooftop solar advocates and installers found that the most cost-effective route to phasing out fossil fuels involves six times more power from big solar and wind farms than from smaller local solar systems.
But the exact balance has yet to be determined. And Nevada is ground zero for figuring it out.
The outcome could be determined, in part, by billionaire investor Warren Buffett.
The so-called Oracle of Omaha owns NV Energy, the monopoly utility that supplies electricity to most Nevadans. NV Energy and its investor-owned utility brethren across the country can earn huge amounts of money paving over public lands with solar and wind farms and building long-distance transmission lines to cities.
But by regulatory design, those companies don’t profit off rooftop solar. And in many cases, they’ve fought to limit rooftop solar — which can reduce the need for large-scale infrastructure and result in lower returns for investors.
Mike Troncoso remembers the exact date of Nevada’s rooftop solar reckoning.
It was Dec. 23, 2015, and he was working for SolarCity. The rooftop installer abruptly ceased operations in the Silver State after NV Energy helped persuade officials to slash a program that pays solar customers for energy they send to the power grid.
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“I was out in the field working, and we got a call: ‘Stop everything you’re doing, don’t finish the project, come to the warehouse,’” Troncoso said. “It was right before Christmas, and they said, ‘Hey, guys, unfortunately we’re getting shut down.’”
After a public outcry, Nevada lawmakers partly reversed the reductions to rooftop solar incentives. Since then, NV Energy and the rooftop solar industry have maintained an uneasy political ceasefire. Installations now exceed pre-2015 levels.
Today, Troncoso is Nevada branch manager for Sunrun, the nation’s largest rooftop solar installer. The company has enough work in the state to support a dozen crews, each named for a different casino. On a chilly winter morning before sunrise, they prepared for the day ahead — laying out steel rails, hooking up microinverters and loading panels onto powder-blue trucks.
But even if Sunrun’s business continues to grow, it won’t eliminate the need for large solar farms in the desert.
Some habitat destruction is unavoidable — at least if we want to break our fossil fuel addiction. The key questions are: How many big solar farms are needed, and where should they be built? Can they be engineered to coexist with animals and plants?
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And if not, should Americans be willing to sacrifice a few endangered species in the name of tackling climate change?
To answer those questions, Los Angeles Times journalists spent a week in southern Nevada, touring solar construction sites, hiking up sand dunes and off-roading through the Mojave. We spoke with NV Energy executives, conservation activists battling Buffett’s company and desert rats who don’t want to see their favorite off-highway vehicle trails cut off by solar farms.
Odds are, no one will get everything they want.
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The tortoise in the coal mine
Biologist Bre Moyle easily spotted the small yellow flag affixed to a scraggly creosote bush — one of many hardy plants sprouting from the caliche soil, surrounded by rows of gleaming steel trusses that would soon hoist solar panels toward the sky.
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Moyle leaned down for a closer look, gently pulling aside branches to reveal a football-sized hole in the ground. It was the entrance to a desert tortoise burrow — one of thousands catalogued by her employer, Primergy Solar, during construction of one of the nation’s largest solar farms on public lands outside Las Vegas.
“I wouldn’t stand on this side of it,” Moyle advised us. “If you walk back there, you could collapse it, potentially.”
I’d seen plenty of solar construction sites in my decade reporting on energy. But none like this.
Instead of tearing out every cactus and other plant and leveling the land flat — the “blade and grade” method — Primergy had left much of the native vegetation in place and installed trusses of different heights to match the ground’s natural contours. The company had temporarily relocated more than 1,600 plants to an on-site nursery, with plans to put them back later.
The Oakland-based developer also went to great lengths to safeguard desert tortoises — an iconic reptile protected under the federal Endangered Species Act, and the biggest environmental roadblock to building solar in the Mojave.
Desert tortoises are sensitive to global warming, residential sprawl and other human encroachment on their habitat. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has estimated tortoise populations fell by more than one-third between 2004 and 2014.
Scientists consider much of the Primergy site high-quality tortoise habitat. It also straddles a connectivity corridor that could help the reptiles seek safer haven as hotter weather and more extreme droughts make their current homes increasingly unlivable.
Before Primergy started building, the company scoured the site and removed 167 tortoises, with plans to let them return and live among the solar panels once the heavy lifting is over. Two-thirds of the project site will be repopulated with tortoises.
Workers removed more tortoises during construction. As of January, the company knew of just two tortoises killed — one that may have been hit by a car, and another that may have been entombed in its burrow by roadwork, then eaten by a kit fox.
Primergy Vice President Thomas Regenhard acknowledged the company can’t build solar here without doing any harm to the ecosystem — or spurring opposition from conservation activists. But as he watched union construction workers lift panels onto trusses, he said Primergy is “making the best of the worst-case situation” for solar opponents.
“What we’re trying to do is make it the least impactful on the environment and natural resources,” he said. “What we’re also doing is we’re sharing that knowledge, so that these projects can be built in a better way moving forward.”
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The company isn’t saving tortoises out of the goodness of its profit-seeking heart.
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management conditioned its approval of the solar farm, called Gemini, on a long list of environmental protection measures — and only after some bureau staffers seemingly contemplated rejecting the project entirely.
Documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by the conservation group Defenders of Wildlife show the bureau’s Las Vegas field office drafted several versions of a “record of decision” that would have denied the permit application for Gemini. The drafts listed several objections, including harm to desert tortoises, loss of space for off-road vehicle drivers and disturbance of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail, which runs through the project site.
Separately, Primergy reached a legal settlement with conservationists — who challenged the project’s federal approval in court — in which the company agreed to additional steps to protect tortoises and a plant known as the three-corner milkvetch.
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The company estimates just 2.5% of the project site will be permanently disturbed — far less than the 33% allowed by Primergy’s federal permit. Regenhard is hopeful the lessons learned here will inform future solar development on public lands.
“This is something new. So we’re refining a lot of the processes,” he said. “We’re not perfect. We’re still learning.”
By the time construction wraps this fall, 1.8 million panels will cover nearly 4,000 football fields’ worth of land, just off the 15 Freeway. They’ll be able to produce 690 megawatts of power — as much as 115,000 typical home solar systems. And they’ll be paired with batteries, to store energy and help NV Energy customers keep running their air conditioners after sundown.
Unlike many solar fields, Gemini is close to the population it will serve — just a few dozen miles from the Strip. And the affected landscape is far from visually stunning, with none of the red-rock majesty found at nearby Valley of Fire State Park.
But desert tortoises don’t care if a place looks cool to humans. They care if it’s good tortoise habitat.
Moyle, Primergy’s environmental services manager, pointed to a small black structure at the bottom of a fence along the site’s edge — a shade shelter for tortoises. Workers installed them every 800 feet, so that if any relocated reptiles try to return to the solar farm too early, they don’t die pacing along the fence in the heat.
“They have a really, really good sense of direction,” Moyle said. “They know where their homes are. They want to come back.”
Primergy will study what happens when tortoises do come back. Will they benefit from the shade of the solar panels? Or will they struggle to survive on the industrialized landscape?
And looming over those uncertainties, a more existential query: With global warming beginning to devastate human and animal life around the world, should we really be slowing or stopping solar development to save a single type of reptile?
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Moyle was ready with an answer: Tortoises are a keystone species. If they’re doing well, it’s a good sign of a healthy ecosystem in which other desert creatures — such as burrowing owls, kit foxes and American badgers — are positioned to thrive, too.
And as the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, human survival is inextricably linked with a healthy natural world.
“We take one thing out, we don’t know what sort of disastrous effect it’s going to have on everything else,” Moyle said.
We do, however, know the consequences of relying on fossil fuels: entire towns burning to the ground, Lake Mead three-quarters empty, elderly Americans baking to death in their overheated homes. With worse to come.
The shifting sands of time
A few miles south, another solar project was rising in the desert. This one looked different.
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A fleet of bulldozers, scrapers, excavators and graders was nearly done flattening the land — a beige moonscape devoid of cacti and creosote. The solar panel support trusses were all the same height, forming an eerily rigid silver sea.
When I asked Carl Glass — construction manager for DEPCOM Power, the contractor building this project for Buffett’s NV Energy — why workers couldn’t leave vegetation in place like at Gemini, he offered a simple answer: drainage. Allowing the land to retain its natural contours, he said, would make it difficult to move stormwater off the site during summer monsoons.
Safety was another consideration, said Dani Strain, NV Energy’s senior manager for the project. Blading and grading the land meant workers wouldn’t have to carry solar panels and equipment across ground studded with tripping hazards.
“It’s nicer for the environment not to do it,” Strain said. “But it creates other problems. You can’t have everything.”
This kind of solar project has typified development in the Mojave Desert.
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And it helps explain why the Center for Biological Diversity’s Patrick Donnelly has fought so hard to limit that development.
The morning after touring the solar construction sites, we joined Donnelly for a hike up Big Dune, a giant pile of sand covering five square miles and towering 500 feet above the desert floor, 90 miles northwest of Las Vegas. The sun was just beginning its ascent over the Mojave, bathing the sand in a smooth umber glow beneath pockets of wispy cloud.
On weekends, Donnelly said, the dune can be overrun by thousands of off-road vehicles. But on this day, it was quiet.
Energy companies have proposed more than a dozen solar farms on public lands surrounding Big Dune — some with overlapping footprints. Donnelly doesn’t oppose all of them. But he thinks federal agencies should limit solar to the least ecologically sensitive parts of Nevada, instead of letting companies pitch projects almost anywhere they choose.
“Developers are looking at this as low-hanging fruit,” he said. “The idea is, this is where California can build all of its solar.”
We trekked slowly up the dune, our bodies casting long shadows in the early morning light. When we took a breather and looked back down, a trail of footprints marked our path. Donnelly assured us a windy day would wipe them away.
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“This is why I live here, man,” he said. “It’s the most beautiful place on Earth, in my mind.”
Donnelly broke his back in a rock-climbing accident, so he used a walking stick to scale the dune. He lives not far from here, at the edge of Death Valley National Park, and works as the nonprofit Center for Biological Diversity’s Great Basin director.
As we resumed our journey, the wind blowing hard, I asked Donnelly to rank the top human threats to the Mojave. He was quick to answer: The climate crisis was No. 1, followed by housing sprawl, solar development and off-road vehicles.
“There’s no good solar project in the desert. But there’s less bad,” he said. “And we’re at a point now where we have to settle for less bad, because the alternatives are more bad: more coal, more gas, climate apocalypse.”
That hasn’t stopped Donnelly and his colleagues from fighting renewable energy projects they fear would wipe out entire species — even little-known plants and animals with tiny ranges, such as Tiehm’s buckwheat and the Dixie Valley toad.
“I’m not a religious guy,” Donnelly said. “But all God’s creatures great and small.”
After a steep stretch of sand, we stopped along a ridge with sweeping views. To our west were the Funeral Mountains, across the California state line in Death Valley National Park — and far beyond them Mt. Whitney, its snow-covered facade just barely visible. To our east was Highway 95, cutting across the Amargosa Valley en route from Las Vegas to Reno.
It’s along this highway that so many developers want to build.
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“We would be in a sea of solar right now,” Donnelly said.
Having heard plenty of rural residents say they don’t want to look at such a sea, I asked Donnelly if this was a bad spot for solar because it would ruin the glorious views. He told me he never makes that argument, “because honestly, views aren’t really the primary concern at this moment. The primary concern is stopping the biodiversity crisis and the climate crisis.”
“There are certain places where we shouldn’t put solar because it’s a wild and undisturbed landscape,” he said.
As far as he’s concerned, though, the Amargosa Valley isn’t one of those landscapes, what with Highway 95 running through it. The same goes for Dry Lake Valley, where NV Energy’s solar construction site is already surrounded by energy infrastructure.
What Donnelly would like to see is better planning.
He pointed to California, where state and federal officials spent eight years crafting a desert conservation plan that allows solar and wind farms across a few hundred thousand acres while setting aside millions more for protection. He thinks a similar process is crucial in Nevada, where four-fifths of the land area is owned by the federal government — more than any other state.
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If Donnelly had his way, regulators would put the kibosh on solar farms immediately adjacent to Big Dune. He’s worried they could alter the movement of sand across the desert floor, affecting several rare beetles that call the dune home.
But if the feds want to allow solar projects along the highway to the south, near the Area 51 Alien Center?
“Might not be the end the world,” Donnelly said.
He shot me a grin.
“You know, one thing I like to do …”
Without warning, he took off racing down the dune, carried by momentum and love for the desert. He laughed as he reached a natural stopping point, calling for us to join him. His voice sounded free and full of possibility.
Some solar panels on the horizon wouldn’t have changed that.
Shout it from the rooftops
Laura Cunningham and Kevin Emmerich were a match made in Mojave Desert heaven.
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Cunningham was a wildlife biologist, Emmerich a park ranger when they met nearly 30 years ago at Death Valley. She studied tortoises for government agencies and later a private contractor. He worked with bighorn sheep and gave interpretive talks. They got married, bought property along the Amargosa River and started their own conservation group, Basin and Range Watch.
And they’ve been fighting solar development ever since.
That’s how we ended up in the back of their SUV, pulling open a rickety cattle gate off Highway 95 and driving past wild burros on a dirt road through Nevada’s Bullfrog Hills, 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas.
They had told us Sarcobatus Flat was stunning, but I was still surprised by how stunning. I got my first look as we crested a ridge. The gently sloping valley spilled down toward Death Valley National Park, whose snowy mountain peaks towered over a landscape dotted with thousands of Joshua trees.
“Everything we’re looking at is proposed for solar development,” Cunningham said.
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Most environmentalists agree we need at least some large solar farms. Cunningham and Emmerich are different. They’re at the vanguard of a harder-core desert protection movement that sees all large-scale solar farms on public lands as bad news.
Why had so many companies converged on Sarcobatus Flat?
The main answer is transmission. NV Energy is seeking federal approval to build the 358-mile Greenlink West electric line, which would carry thousands of megawatts of renewable power between Reno and Las Vegas along the Highway 95 corridor.
The dirt road curved around a small hill, and suddenly we found ourselves on the valley floor, surrounded by Joshua trees. Some looked healthy; others had bark that had been chewed by rodents seeking water, a sign of drought stress. Scientists estimate the Joshua tree’s western subspecies could lose 90% of its range as the world gets hotter and droughts get more intense.
But asked whether climate change or solar posed a bigger threat to Sarcobatus Flat, Cunningham didn’t hesitate.
“Oh, solar development hands down,” she said.
Nearly 20 years ago, she said, she helped relocate desert tortoises to make way for a test track in California. One of them tried to return home, walking 20 miles before hitting a fence. It paced back and forth and eventually died of heat exhaustion.
Solar farms, she said, pose a similar threat to tortoises. And at Sarcobatus Flat, they would cover a high-elevation area that could otherwise serve as a climate refuge for Joshua trees, giving them a relatively cool place to reproduce as the planet heats up.
“It makes no sense to me that we’re going to bulldoze them down and throw them into trash piles. It’s just crazy,” she said.
In Cunningham and Emmerich’s view, every sun-baked parking lot in L.A. and Vegas and Phoenix should have a solar canopy, every warehouse and single-family home a solar roof. It’s a common argument among desert defenders: Why sacrifice sensitive ecosystems when there’s an easy alternative for fighting climate change? Especially when rooftop solar can reduce strain on an overtaxed electric grid and — when paired with batteries — help people keep their lights on during blackouts?
The answer isn’t especially satisfying to conservationists.
For all the virtues of rooftop solar, it’s an expensive way to generate clean power — and keeping energy costs low is crucial to ensure that lower-income families can afford electric cars, another key climate solution. A recent report from investment bank Lazard pegged the cost of rooftop solar at 11.7 cents per kilowatt-hour on the low end, compared with 2.4 cents for utility solar.
Even when factoring in pricey long-distance electric lines, utility-scale solar is typically cheaper, several experts told me.
“It’s three to six times more expensive to put solar on your roof than to put it in a large-scale project,” said Jesse Jenkins, an energy systems researcher at Princeton University. “There may be some added value to having solar in the Los Angeles Basin instead of the middle of the Mojave Desert. But is it 300% to 600% more value? Probably not. It’s probably not even close.”
There’s a practical challenge, too.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has estimated U.S. rooftops could generate 1,432 terawatt-hours of electricity per year — just 13% of the power America will need to replace most of its coal, oil and gas, according to research led by Jenkins.
Add in parking lots and other areas within cities, and urban solar systems might conceivably supply one-quarter or even one-third of U.S. power, several experts told The Times — in an unlikely scenario where they’re installed in every suitable spot.
Energy researcher Chris Clack’s consulting firm has found that dramatic growth in rooftop and other small-scale solar installations could reduce the costs of slashing climate pollution by half a trillion dollars. But even Clack said rooftops alone won’t cut it.
“Realistically, 80% is going to end up being utility grid no matter what,” he said.
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All those industrial renewable energy projects will have to go somewhere.
Sarcobatus Flat may not be the answer. Federal officials classified all three solar proposals there as “low priority,” citing their proximity to Death Valley and potential harm to tortoise habitat. One developer withdrew its application last year.
Before leaving the area, Cunningham pointed to a wooden marker, one of at least half a dozen stretching out in a line. I walked over to take a closer look and discovered it was a mining claim for lithium — a main ingredient in electric-car batteries.
If solar development didn’t upend this valley, lithium extraction might.
On the beaten track
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The four-wheeler jerked violently as Erica Muxlow pressed her foot to the gas, sending us flying down a rough dirt road with no end in sight but the distant mountains. Five-point safety straps were the only things stopping us from flying out of our seats, the vehicle leaping through the air as we reached speeds of 40 mph, then 50 mph, the wind whipping our faces.
It was like riding Disneyland’s Matterhorn Bobsleds — just without the Yeti.
Ahead of us, Muxlow’s neighbor Jimmy Lewis led the way on an electric blue motorcycle, kicking up a stream of sand. He wanted us to see thousands of acres of public lands outside his adopted hometown of Pahrump, in Nevada’s Nye County, that could soon be blocked by solar projects — cutting off access to off-highway vehicle enthusiasts such as himself.
“You could build an apartment complex or a shopping mall here, and it would be the same thing to me,” he said.
To progressive-minded Angelenos or San Franciscans, preserving large chunks of public land for gas-guzzling, environmentally destructive dirt bikes might sound like a terrible reason not to build solar farms that would lessen the climate crisis.
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But here’s the reality: Rural Westerners such as Lewis will play a key role in determining how much clean energy gets built.
Not long before our Nevada trip, Nye County placed a six-month pause on new renewable energy projects, citing local concerns about loss of off-road vehicle trails. Similar fears have stymied development across the U.S., with rural residents attacking solar and wind farms as industrial intrusions on their way of life — and local governments throwing up roadblocks.
For Lewis, the conflict is deeply personal.
He moved here from Southern California more than a decade ago, trading life by the beach for a five-acre plot where he runs an off-roading school and test-drives motorcycles for manufacturers. His warehouse was packed with dozens of dirt bikes.
“This is my life. Motorcycles, motorcycles, motorcycles,” he said, laughing.
Lewis has worked to stir up opposition to three local solar farm proposals. So far, his efforts have been in vain.
One project is already under construction. Peering through a fence, we saw row after row of trusses, waiting for their photovoltaic panels. It’s called Yellow Pine, and it’s being built by Florida-based NextEra Energy to supply power to California.
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Lewis learned about Yellow Pine when he was riding one of his favorite trails and was surprised to find it cut off. He compared the experience to riding the best roller-coaster at a theme park, only to have it grind to a halt three-quarters of the way through.
“I don’t want my playground taken away from me,” he said.
“Me neither!” a voice called out from behind us.
We turned and were greeted by Shannon Salter, an activist who had previously spent nine months camping near the Yellow Pine site to protest the habitat destruction. She and Lewis had never met, but they quickly realized they had common cause.
“It’s the opposite of green!” Salter said.
“On my roof, not my backyard,” Lewis agreed.
Never mind that conservationists have long decried the ecological damage from desert off-roading. Salter and Lewis both cared about these lands. Neither wanted to see the solar industry lay claim to them. They talked about staying in touch.
It’s easy to imagine similar alliances forming across the West, the clean energy transition bringing together environmentalists and rural residents in a battle to defend their lifestyles, their landscapes and animals that can’t fight for themselves.
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It’s also easy to imagine major cities that badly need lots of solar and wind power — Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Phoenix — brushing off those complaints as insignificant compared with the climate emergency, or as fueled by right-wing misinformation.
But many of concerns raised by critics are legitimate. And their voices are only getting louder.
As night fell over the Mojave, Lewis shared his idea that any city buying electricity from a desert solar farm should be required to install a certain amount of rooftop solar back home first — on government buildings, at least. It only seemed fair.
“Some people see the desert as just a wasteland,” Lewis said. “I think it’s beautiful.”
The view from Black Mountain
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So how do we build enough renewable energy to replace fossil fuels without destroying too many ecosystems, or stoking too much political opposition from rural towns, or moving too slowly to save the planet?
Few people could do more to ease those tensions than Buffett.
Our conversation kept returning to the legendary investor as we hiked Black Mountain, just outside Vegas, on our last morning in the Silver State. We were joined by Jaina Moan, director of external affairs for the Nature Conservancy’s Nevada chapter. She had promised a view of massive solar fields from the peak — but only after a 3.5-mile trek with 2,000 feet of elevation gain.
“It’ll be a little StairMaster at the end,” she warned us.
The homes and hotels and casinos of the Las Vegas Valley retreated behind us as we climbed, looking ever smaller and more insignificant against the vast open desert. It was an illusion that will prove increasingly difficult to maintain as Sin City and its suburbs continue their march into the Mojave. Nevada politicians from both parties are pushing for legislation that would let federal officials auction off additional public lands for residential and commercial development.
Vegas and other Western cities could limit the need for more suburbs — and sprawling solar farms — by growing smarter, Moan said. Urban areas could embrace density, to help people drive fewer miles and reduce the demand for new power supplies to fuel electric vehicles. They could invest in electric buses and trains — and use less water, which would save a lot of energy.
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“As our spaces become more crowded, we’re going to have to come up with more creative ideas,” Moan said.
That’s where Buffett could make things easier.
The billionaire’s Berkshire Hathaway company owns electric utilities that serve millions of people, from California to Nevada to Illinois. Those utilities, Moan said, could buck the industry trend of urging policymakers to reduce financial incentives for rooftop solar and instead encourage the technology — along with other small-scale clean energy solutions, such as local microgrids.
That would limit the need for big solar farms — at least somewhat.
Berkshire and other energy giants could also build solar on lands already altered by humans, such as abandoned mines, toxic Superfund sites, reservoirs, landfills, agricultural areas, highway corridors and canals that carry water to farms and cities.
The costs are typically higher than building on undisturbed public lands. And in many cases there are technical challenges yet to be resolved. But those kinds of “creative solutions” could at least lessen the loss of biodiversity, Moan said.
“There’s money to be made there, and there’s good to be done,” she said.
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It’s hard to know what Buffett thinks. A Berkshire spokesperson declined my request to interview him.
Tony Sanchez, NV Energy’s executive vice president for business development and external relations, was more forthcoming.
“The problem for us with rooftop solar,” he said, is that it’s “not controlled at all by us.” As a result, NV Energy can’t decide when and how rooftop solar power is used — and can’t rely on that power to help balance supply and demand on the grid.
Over time, Sanchez predicted, a lot more rooftop solar will get built. But he couldn’t say how much.
Rooftop solar faces a similarly uncertain future in California, where state officials voted last year to slash incentive payments, calling them an unfair subsidy. Industry leaders have warned of a dramatic decline in installations.
As we neared the top of Black Mountain, the solar farms on the other side came into view. They stretched across the Eldorado Valley far below — black rectangles that could help save life on Earth while also destroying bits and pieces of it.
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Moan believes the key to balancing clean energy and conservation is “go slow to go fast.” Government agencies, she said, should work with conservation activists, small-town residents and Native American tribes to study and map out the best places for clean energy, then reward companies that agree to build in those areas with faster approvals. Solar and wind development would slow down in the short term but speed up in the long run, with quicker environmental reviews and less risk of lawsuits.
It’s a tantalizing concept — but I confessed to Moan that I worried it would backfire.
What if the sparring factions couldn’t agree on the best spots to build solar and wind farms, and instead wasted years arguing? Or what if they did manage to hammer out some compromises, only for a handful of unhappy people or groups to take them to court, gumming up the works? Couldn’t “go slow to go fast” end up becoming “go slow to go slow”?
In other words, should we really bet our collective future on human beings working together, rather than fighting?
Moan was sympathetic to my fears. She also didn’t see another way forward.
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“We really need to think holistically about saving everything,” she said.
The sad truth is, not everything can be saved. Not if we want to keep the world livable for people and animals alike.
Some beloved landscapes will be left unrecognizable. Some families will be stuck paying high energy bills to monopoly utilities, even as some utility investors make less money. Some tortoises will probably die, pacing along fences in the heat.
The alternative is worse.
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On my first day of college, I chose a checking account because the bank was handing out free Frisbees. This was my only bank account for nearly 20 years.
Eventually I opened a savings account at the local credit union. Then I discovered the benefits of a high-yield savings account. Last autumn I opened my first certificate of deposit. And just a few months ago, I started a money market account.
Why so many accounts? To me, each bank account serves a specific purpose. Not every account is suitable for every need. Though not everyone needs (or wants) as many bank accounts as I now have, it’s still a good idea to make sure you’re using the right tool for the job.
Here are my four favorite types of bank accounts for personal use — and what they’re good for:
Rewards checking accounts Many small community banks and credit unions around the United States offer a special “rewards” checking account, a product administered by a company called Kasasa. These accounts carry restrictions and requirements (you have to make 10-12 debit purchases each month, the rate only applies to the first $30,000 or so in your account, etc.), but if you meet them, it’s tough to beat the returns.
I tried to maintain a rewards checking account at a local credit union, but ultimately it didn’t work for me. The credit union was too far away, and I wasn’t meeting the transaction requirements.
Here’s a huge list of rewards checking accounts by state. There are still checking accounts that offer 6%!
A rewards checking account is a great option for your main checking account, provided you have a nearby branch and you have a lot of monthly debit transactions. (ING Direct offers a checking account, but it’s not nearly as good as a rewards checking account.)
[Read more: Making the most of your checking account]
Online high-yield savings accounts Like most personal finance bloggers, I’m a fan of online high-yield savings accounts. While traditional banks and credit unions are offering a pittance on their accounts (my credit union’s “high-yield” account is at 0.10%!), you can still find rates above 1.50% through online accounts at CIT Bank, Ally Bank, and others.
I’ve used my online savings account at ING Direct for two primary purposes:
An emergency fund — When I first started my emergency fund, it was important to me that it be a little difficult to access. An online savings account was perfect because I can’t just decide on a whim to spend $10,000. If I want the money, I have to wait a couple of days for it to transfer to my main account. Perfect for an emergency fund.
Online high-yield savings accounts are a great way to save. Interest rates are low right now, but as the economy continues to improve, yields will rise.
[Read more: Which online high-yield savings account is best?]
Money market accounts As an alternate to an online high-yield savings account, consider a money market account from a brick-and-mortar institution. Until recently, my credit union offered an account with interest rates that were competitive with ING Direct. Now, however, they’ve dropped to under 1.00%.
Money market accounts require higher minimum balances than savings accounts. My credit union requires a $10,000 minimum deposit on a money market account, for example. Their minimum deposit for a savings account is $5. Some money market accounts allow limited check-writing privileges. They often limit the number of withdrawals per month.
A money market account can be a great choice if you’re attempting to consolidate all of your accounts at one bank, or if you’re wary of using an online bank.
[Read more: An introduction to money market accounts]
Certificates of deposit Certificates of deposit (often simply called CDs) are time deposits. You give your money to the bank and then promise not to touch it for a specific length of time. In general, the longer you agree to let the bank keep your money, the higher the interest rate you’ll receive.
Unlike a savings account, once you put your money into a CD, the interest rate does not fluctuate. If you open a 6-month CD at 3.50% and interest rates drop, you earn 3.50% the entire six months.
If certificates of deposit offer higher returns than a savings account, then why doesn’t everybody use them? The primary drawback to CDs is that they’re less liquid than a savings account; you can’t just move money in and out of them without penalty. You can take your money out of a CD before it “matures”, but you’re docked interest when you do. In fact, many (most?) banks penalize the interest amount, even if it isn’t earned (meaning you could lose part of your principal if you close your CD early).
Despite these limitations, CDs are great place to put money you don’t expect to need for a while. For most folks, a CD ladder is a good way to maximize returns.
[Read more: Put your savings on steroids with certificates of deposit and Current CD rates]
Peer Lending
If banks are not the right fit for you, there are other services out there such as peer lending. Peer lending services, such as Lending Club match people looking for a personal loan with people who are willing to fund it. Lending Club isn’t FDIC insured, but offers rates between 7%-9%, which are significantly higher than banks.
Choosing an account Each of these four types of accounts can be put to use to build your wealth. (And, of course, you’ll probably want a brokerage account for your Roth IRA and other investments.) As you look to choose an account, be sure to answer the following questions:
What do you need the account for? Long-term savings? Business? Personal? Every-day use?
How much will you keep in the account? Some accounts have minimum deposits in order to get the best interest rate. For example, my credit union’s money market account requires a $50,000 deposit in order to get the top rate.
How liquid does the money need to be? If you need quick and easy access, you’re best served by local brick-and-mortar banks. If you don’t mind a small delay, online banks will work. And if you can let your money go for months (or years) at a time, a certificate of deposit might be your best choice.
Do you need easy access to the money? Do you need a lot of ATMs? I tend to think that for day-to-day use, it’s best to have an account with a local brick-and-mortar bank. But for substantial savings, I’ve found it useful to create barriers. If I don’t have easy access to the money — if I have to jump through a few hoops to get it — then I’m less likely to spend it frivolously.
How important is online access?
How important is customer service?
How important is privacy? All banks should meet certain minimum privacy levels. But you give up a little of that if you have a regular bank you use. At my local credit union, for example, I tend to get the same teller quite often. She remembers a couple of past transactions because they were unusual. This doesn’t bother me, but I know it would bother some of my friends. If you need maximum privacy, take this into consideration.
Whichever account you choose, be sure that it’s FDIC insured. (Or, if it’s held at a credit union, that it’s insured through the NCUA.)
Conclusion Ten years ago I had a single bank account. Today I have five, including each of the above. (My fifth bank account is a business account.) Each account serves a purpose.
Picking a bank account is like choosing the right tool for a job. Sure, you can beat a nail into the wall with a screwdriver — if that’s all you have. But you’ll do it a lot faster and with more precision if you use a hammer. The same is true with money. Use the right tool and you’ll get better results.
How many bank accounts do you have? Do you try to keep things simple? Or do you spread your money around many accounts? Any tips or tricks to share with other GRS readers?
What if you could tame long-term inflation? Right now, this is one of the biggest questions in financial circles. After nearly 40 years of very stable money, in 2021 and 2022 prices surged. For the first time in a generation, inflation seriously beat the Federal Reserve’s 2% benchmark.
As of July 2023, this immediate problem appears to be easing somewhat. But investors as a group are understandably spooked. Was last summer’s 9% inflation rate a one-shot problem brought on by the unique conditions of a pandemic economy, massive federal spending and a destabilizing war? Or will inflation return as a cyclical issue?
Consider working with a financial advisor to build an investment portfolio that accounts for inflation.
Financial advisor and author Allan Roth of ETF.com thinks that investors would be wise to prepare in case inflation remains high, or even surges back to 2022 levels. This is a particular risk, he warns, for retirees without the luxury of new wages that keep pace with higher prices.
What if, he writes, inflation averages 5% during your retirement? Over the course of 20 years, a retiree who started out withdrawing $4,000 per year from a given account would need to increase those withdrawals to $10,613 just to keep up with prices. This could easily shatter carefully planned finances.
To fix this, Roth writes, “I built and purchased a 30-year TIPS ladder with roughly $1 million of my own money… By buying as close as possible to bonds maturing each year, I was able to create a 30-year cash flow paying me an inflation-adjusted average of $43,800, or 4.38% annually.”
In other words, by building a TIPS ladder fund, Roth argues that he has added a stable source of inflation-protected income to his retirement fund. A TIPS ladder fund could help investors hedge against both market risks and inflation. While not explicitly a “growth” strategy, it could be a very strong security-oriented strategy for retirees. Here’s how it works.
How a TIPS Ladder Fund Works
A ladder fund is a portfolio of maturing assets, like bonds or CDs, built around staggered maturity dates. For example, you might buy a portfolio with bonds that mature in 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. This fund would “ladder,” as the bonds would mature in stages like the rungs of a ladder, as opposed to all at once.
The idea behind a ladder fund is to hedge against timing risk. For example, say you had invested in bonds in 2019, when rates were extremely low. A portfolio of long-term assets might be stuck with low-value, low-yield assets. A ladder fund, on the other hand, would have short-term bonds. As those assets mature, you could collect back your principal and invest in new, higher-interest assets.
A TIPS bond, or Treasury Inflation Protected Security, is a marketable Treasury asset built to correct for inflation. Each month the Treasury adjusts the underlying principal on all TIPS bonds based on the Consumer Price Index. When the bond matures, the holder receives the greater of either the bond’s original value or its inflation-adjusted value. Since the bond calculates interest based on its underlying principal, this means that the asset’s periodic interest payments will also increase based on inflation.
A TIPS ladder fund, as suggested by Roth, is a portfolio built out of TIPS bonds with staggered maturity dates. This, he argues, would provide a source of inflation-protected income, due to the structure of a TIPS bond, while also giving investors a hedge against market timing risks due to the periodic maturity of the ladder.
Can TIPS Ladders Protect Your Money From Inflation?
While a niche and technical idea, the TIPS ladder fund has been well received. Morningstar’s John Rekenthaler writes that it can potentially offer investors a strong supplement to more traditional assets like stocks and annuities.
“TIPS ladders take the concept of bond ladders a giant leap further,” Rekenthaler writes. “Whereas traditional ladders merely reduce investment risk, TIPS ladders eliminate the possibility entirely. In that they are unique. Conventional Treasuries face no conceivable credit risk, but they certainly court inflation risk… In contrast, every inflation-adjusted penny from a TIPS ladder is known in advance.”
Thanks to the combination of bond interest payments and inflation adjustment, you can know exactly what this portfolio will pay out for its entire lifetime. Thanks to its nature as a government asset, you can know that this portfolio will not default. That’s about as much security as anyone can ask for.
Does this mean that TIPS ladders will be an investor’s forever home? Not entirely, as there are two main catches to this portfolio. First, a TIPS ladder is difficult and expensive to construct, with relatively marginal yields on low-value transactions. As a result, most retail investors won’t have the skill set or capital to build a useful TIPS ladder on their own.
This is why both Rekenthaler and Roth recommend an ETF that offers this structure. A large-scale fund, built and managed by professional investors, could solve both the complexity and the funding problems. Retail investors could buy in using the flexibility of the ETF structure, making this far more practical for them.
Second, a TIPS ladder still offers government interest rates. The reliability of a Treasury asset comes at the cost of lower returns relative to the market at large, even if those returns are inflation protected. This is why Rekenthaler points out that a TIPS ladder should be treated as a specialized asset rather than an all-purpose investment.
“The concept is unsuited for workers,” he writes, “as they attempt to grow their assets rather than spend them… However, to the extent that Social Security payments fail to meet a retiree’s fixed expenses, a TIPS ladder fund would fill the gap – more neatly, I think, than any conceivable competitor.”
A TIPS ladder might not help you build the retirement account that you need. For that, higher-value assets like stocks will probably do better. But once you approach retirement, it might help you build exactly the kind of security that you need. It’s a good investment to keep an eye out for.
Inflation Investing Tips
A financial advisor can help you build a comprehensive investing plan. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with up to three vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
Check out SmartAsset’s inflation calculator to get a quick estimate of the buying power of a dollar over time.
Eric Reed
Eric Reed is a freelance journalist who specializes in economics, policy and global issues, with substantial coverage of finance and personal finance. He has contributed to outlets including The Street, CNBC, Glassdoor and Consumer Reports. Eric’s work focuses on the human impact of abstract issues, emphasizing analytical journalism that helps readers more fully understand their world and their money. He has reported from more than a dozen countries, with datelines that include Sao Paolo, Brazil; Phnom Penh, Cambodia; and Athens, Greece. A former attorney, before becoming a journalist Eric worked in securities litigation and white collar criminal defense with a pro bono specialty in human trafficking issues. He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School and can be found any given Saturday in the fall cheering on his Wolverines.