If you’re in the market for a home, here are today’s mortgage rates compared to last week’s.
Loan type
Interest rate
A week ago
Change
30-year fixed rate
7.18%
7.10%
+0.08
15-year fixed rate
6.64%
6.51%
+0.13
30-year jumbo mortgage rate
7.11%
7.02%
+0.09
30-year mortgage refinance rate
7.19%
7.10%
+0.09
Average rates offered by lenders nationwide as of Feb. 29, 2024. We use rates collected by Bankrate to track daily mortgage rate trends.
Mortgage rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
How to select a mortgage term and type
When picking a mortgage, consider the loan term, or payment schedule. The most common mortgage terms are 15 and 30 years, although 10-, 20- and 40-year mortgages also exist. You’ll also need to choose between a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the duration of the loan, and an adjustable-rate mortgage. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is only fixed for a certain amount of time (commonly five, seven or 10 years), after which the rate adjusts annually based on the market’s current interest rate. Fixed-rate mortgages offer more stability and are a better option if you plan to live in a home in the long term, but adjustable-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates upfront.
30-year fixed-rate mortgages
The 30-year fixed-mortgage rate average is 7.18%, which is an increase of 8 basis points from seven days ago. (A basis point is equivalent to 0.01%.) A 30-year fixed mortgage is the most common loan term. It will often have a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage, but you’ll have a lower monthly payment.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average rate for a 15-year, fixed mortgage is 6.64%, which is an increase of 13 basis points from seven days ago. Though you’ll have a bigger monthly payment than a 30-year fixed mortgage, a 15-year loan usually comes with a lower interest rate, allowing you to pay less interest in the long run and pay off your mortgage sooner.
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages
A 5/1 ARM has an average rate of 6.35%, a slide of 1 basis point compared to last week. You’ll typically get a lower introductory interest rate with a 5/1 ARM in the first five years of the mortgage. But you could pay more after that period, depending on how the rate adjusts annually. If you plan to sell or refinance your house within five years, an ARM could be a good option.
What to know about today’s mortgage rates
High inflation and the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate hikes drove up mortgage rates over the last several years. Toward the end of last year, however, the Fed announced that interest rate cuts were on the table for 2024. That projection led to a significant drop in mortgage rates, pushing them into the 6% range. Since early February, however, mortgage rates have climbed back above 7% in response to strong economic data.
30-year fixed mortgage: 7.18%
15-year fixed mortgage: 6.64%
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage: 6.35%
Where mortgage rates are headed in 2024
Experts say interest rate cuts from the Fed will allow mortgage rates to ease, though the first cut won’t likely come until May or June, depending on how quickly inflation decelerates.
“We are expecting mortgage rates to fall to around 6.5% by the end of this year, but there’s still a lot of volatility I think we might see,” said Daryl Fairweather, chief economist at Redfin. “It’s possible that rates might go up before they go down again, so that’s why we’re still being conservative with rates being around 6.5%.”
Each month brings a new set of inflation and labor data that can change how investors and the market respond and what direction mortgage rates go, said Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist at First American Financial Corporation. “Ongoing inflation deceleration, a slowing economy and even geopolitical uncertainty can contribute to lower mortgage rates. On the other hand, data that signals upside risk to inflation may result in higher rates,” Kushi said.
While mortgage forecasters base their projections on different data, most experts and market watchers predict rates will move toward 6% or lower by the end of 2024. Here’s a look at where some major housing authorities expect average mortgage rates to land.
What factors affect mortgage rates?
While it’s important to monitor mortgage rates if you’re shopping for a home, remember that no one has a crystal ball. It’s impossible to time the mortgage market, and rates will always have some level of volatility because so many factors are at play.
“Mortgage rates tend to follow long-date Treasury yields, a function of current inflation and economic growth as well as expectations about future economic conditions,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
Here are the factors that influence the average rates on home loans.
Federal Reserve monetary policy: The nation’s central bank doesn’t set interest rates, but when it adjusts the federal funds rate, mortgages tend to go in the same direction.
Inflation: Mortgage rates tend to increase during high inflation. Lenders usually set higher interest rates on loans to compensate for the loss of purchasing power.
The bond market: Mortgage lenders often use long-term bond yields, like the 10-Year Treasury, as a benchmark to set interest rates on home loans. When yields rise, mortgage rates typically increase.
Geopolitical events: World events, such as elections, pandemics or economic crises, can also affect home loan rates, particularly when global financial markets face uncertainty.
Other economic factors: The bond market, employment data, investor confidence and housing market trends, such as supply and demand, can also affect the direction of mortgage rates.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment
Getting a mortgage should always depend on your financial situation and long-term goals. The most important thing is to make a budget and try to stay within your means. CNET’s mortgage calculator below can help homebuyers prepare for monthly mortgage payments.
How to find the best mortgage rates
Though mortgage rates and home prices are high, the housing market won’t be unaffordable forever. It’s always a good time to save for a down payment and improve your credit score to help you secure a competitive mortgage rate when the time is right.
Save for a bigger down payment: Though a 20% down payment isn’t required, a larger upfront payment means taking out a smaller mortgage, which will help you save in interest.
Boost your credit score: You can qualify for a conventional mortgage with a 620 credit score, but a higher score of at least 740 will get you better rates.
Pay off debt: Experts recommend a debt-to-income ratio of 36% or less to help you qualify for the best rates. Not carrying other debt will put you in a better position to handle your monthly payments.
Research loans and assistance: Government-sponsored loans have more flexible borrowing requirements than conventional loans. Some government-sponsored or private programs can also help with your down payment and closing costs.
Shop around for lenders: Researching and comparing multiple loan offers from different lenders can help you secure the lowest mortgage rate for your situation.
Are you all about saving, spending, or do you hide your head in the sand when it comes to personal finance matters? This money personality quiz helps you uncover your money style. That, in turn, can be a way to learn about your strengths and weaknesses and manage your cash that much better.
Each person handles their money in a unique way. Some people are laser-focused on saving and building their nest egg. Others believe that money is there to be spent on fun and satisfying purchases and experiences. And still others would prefer to look the other way when talk turns to 401(k)s and IRAs.
By knowing your money M.O., you can take steps to enhance your financial status. Ready? Read on for the details.
What’s Your Money Personality?
Steady Saver
Did the money personality quiz say you’re a steady saver? That likely means that you are well aware of your monthly budget and how much cash is coming in and going out. In addition, you are probably following the standard financial advice to save at least 10% or 20% of your take-home pay.
You may well be investing that in a 401(k) and getting a company match and putting funds into an IRA, too.
You are the kind who may have multiple bank accounts, with savings for various short- and long-term goals, such as the down payment on a home and your toddler’s future educational needs. Heck, you might even brag a little to friends and family about how much you have socked away.
Overall, you have some very impressive financial habits down pat. Keep up the good work. However, are you missing out on living your best life? There is the possibility that you may be overdoing it and being perhaps a tad too rigid. Does saving for Junior’s college fund mean the family can’t take a vacation for the next 17 years? Check in with yourself, and make sure you aren’t overly focused on your future goals.
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Super Spender
To cut to the chase, you love the things that money can buy. Nothing wrong with that! Omakase dinners at that new Japanese restaurant, the perfect new dining table, the latest mobile device, and baby’s first Disney vacay: There are plenty of things that your income can buy that make daily life delightful and memorable.
But when you see money as simply a conduit for experiencing the best here and now, you are likely risking a couple of very important things:
• You may be incurring debt.
• You may not be planning for your future.
• You may be succumbing to lifestyle creep vs. building wealth.
So here are some steps to take:
• Consider whether you are saving towards the important milestone goals that many people aspire to, such as the down payment on a home, a college fund for your kids, and a healthy retirement account.
Meeting with a financial advisor may be a wise move to get you on track for saving for these aspirations and perhaps learning more about the fine points of investing.
• Take a look at your budget, or make one if you don’t yet have one. Among the various budgeting methods is the popular 50/30/20 rule, which says to put 50% of your take-home towards needs, 30% to wants, and 20% towards savings and additional debt payments.
• Check in with your credit card debt. You don’t want your balances and credit utilization ratio to get too high. If you find you are facing challenges, consider a snagging balance transfer credit card offer, using a lower-interest personal loan to pay off credit card debt, or working with a nonprofit credit counseling agency to reduce your load.
The Money Shunner
If the money personality quiz indicates that you’re a money shunner, it may mean you are not comfortable with financial matters so you choose to look the other way. Many people feel stressed when thinking about money, whether because they don’t think they are good with numbers or they don’t have a solid base in personal finances (after all, you probably didn’t sit through a budgeting basics class in high school).
But if you tend to avoid money matters, you could be missing opportunities to reach your personal goals and gain a sense of security.
To gain financial literacy, you can dip into self-education. Your bank may have a library of content, or you can try well-respected books, magazines, newsletters, and podcasts. You might also take a class, whether in person or online.
In addition, meeting with a financial advisor could be helpful.
You may also want to pay more attention to your budget and understand your income and how much you’re spending and saving. These steps can help you make friends with your money and get it to work harder for you.
Recommended: Getting Back on Track After Going Over Budget
The Takeaway
A money personality quiz can reveal what your relationship with your finances is like. It can help identify whether you tend to be focused on saving (perhaps too much so), spend a bit too freely, or don’t pay enough attention to your cash. By tweaking your approach, you could build your financial literacy and wealth. Making sure you have the right advisors and banking partner are other important facets of this.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
FAQ
What are some common money personality types?
There are different ways to categorize money personalities. You may see ones that use the terms spender, saver, and avoider, among others.
How do I know if my money style is too much about spending?
Typical signs that your money style involves too much spending can be having a large amount of credit card debt, living paycheck to paycheck, and not saving enough (or at all).
If my money style is a saver, isn’t that good?
Saver can be an excellent habit and can help you reach your financial goals and be prepared for whatever comes your way. However, you likely don’t want to go overboard and should enjoy your earnings as well.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.
SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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Mortgage rates saw some spikes and then smoothed out over the last week. While 15-year fixed mortgage rates are hovering around mid-6%, interest rates on 30-year fixed mortgages have remained above 7%.
30-year fixed mortgage: 7.14%
15-year fixed mortgage: 6.52%
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage: 6.14%
High mortgage rates, expensive home prices and tight inventory kept homebuying out of reach for many last year. The current housing market won’t recover overnight, but the good news is that mortgage rates are projected to move lower in the coming months.
“Housing market activity has been so depressed that it wouldn’t take much for 2024 to be better than 2023,” says Matt Graham of Mortgage News Daily. “Whether that means a ‘return to balance’ really depends on how we define balance.”
Mortgage rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
Today’s mortgage rates
If you’re in the market for a home, check out how today’s mortgage rates compare to last week’s. We use data collected by Bankrate to track changes in these daily rates. This table summarizes the average rates offered by lenders across the US:
Average mortgage interest rates
Product
Rate
Last week
Change
30-year fixed
7.14%
7.11%
+0.03
15-year fixed
6.52%
6.55%
-0.03
30-year jumbo mortgage rate
7.19%
7.19%
N/C
30-year mortgage refinance rate
7.18%
7.21%
-0.03
Rates as of Feb. 13, 2024
Mortgage predictions for 2024
High inflation and the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate hikes drove up mortgage rates over the last several years. With inflation now decelerating, the Fed is positioning itself to make its first interest rate cut, though that may still be several months away.
While mortgage forecasters base their projections on different data, most experts and market watchers predict rates will move toward 6% or lower by the end of 2024. Here’s a look at where some major housing authorities expect average mortgage rates to land.
What affects mortgage rates?
While it’s important to monitor mortgage rates if you’re shopping for a home, remember that no one has a crystal ball. It’s impossible to time the mortgage market, and rates will always have some level of volatility because so many factors are at play.
“Mortgage rates tend to follow long-date Treasury yields, a function of current inflation and economic growth as well as expectations about future economic conditions,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
Here are the factors that influence the average rates on home loans.
Federal Reserve monetary policy: The nation’s central bank doesn’t set interest rates, but when it adjusts the federal funds rate, mortgages tend to go in the same direction.
Inflation: Mortgage rates tend to increase during high inflation. Lenders usually set higher interest rates on loans to compensate for the loss of purchasing power.
The bond market: Mortgage lenders often use long-term bond yields, like the 10-Year Treasury, as a benchmark to set interest rates on home loans. When yields rise, mortgage rates typically increase.
Geopolitical events: World events, such as elections, pandemics or economic crises, can also affect home loan rates, particularly when global financial markets face uncertainty.
Other economic factors: The bond market, employment data, investor confidence and housing market trends, such as supply and demand, can also affect the direction of mortgage rates.
This graph shows the fluctuation of mortgage rates from the start of the pandemic to the end of last year:
What to know before choosing a mortgage
When picking a mortgage, consider the loan term, or payment schedule. The most common mortgage terms are 15 and 30 years, although 10-, 20- and 40-year mortgages also exist. You’ll also need to choose between a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the duration of the loan, and an adjustable-rate mortgage. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is only fixed for a certain amount of time (commonly five, seven or 10 years), after which the rate adjusts annually based on the market’s current interest rate. Fixed-rate mortgages offer more stability and are a better option if you plan to live in a home in the long term, but adjustable-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates upfront.
30-year fixed-rate mortgages
For a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage, the average rate you’ll pay is 7.14%, which is an increase of 3 basis points from one week ago. (A basis point is equivalent to 0.01%.) A 30-year fixed mortgage is the most common loan term. It will often have a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage, but you’ll have a lower monthly payment.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average rate for a 15-year, fixed mortgage is 6.52%, which is a decrease of 3 basis points from seven days ago. Though you’ll have a bigger monthly payment than a 30-year fixed mortgage, a 15-year loan usually comes with a lower interest rate, allowing you to pay less interest in the long run and pay off your mortgage sooner.
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages
A 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage has an average rate of 6.14%, an increase of 3 basis points from the same time last week. You’ll typically get a lower introductory interest rate with a 5/1 ARM in the first five years of the mortgage. But you could pay more after that period, depending on how the rate adjusts annually. If you plan to sell or refinance your house within five years, an ARM could be a good option.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment
Getting a mortgage should always depend on your financial situation and long-term goals. The most important thing is to make a budget and try to stay within your means. CNET’s mortgage calculator below can help homebuyers prepare for monthly mortgage payments.
Expert tips for the best mortgage rates
Though mortgage rates and home prices are high, the housing market won’t be unaffordable forever. It’s always a good time to save for a down payment and improve your credit score to help you secure a competitive mortgage rate when the time is right.
Save for a bigger down payment: Though a 20% down payment isn’t required, a larger upfront payment means taking out a smaller mortgage, which will help you save in interest.
Boost your credit score: You can qualify for a conventional mortgage with a 620 credit score, but a higher score of at least 740 will get you better rates.
Pay off debt: Experts recommend a debt-to-income ratio of 36% or less to help you qualify for the best rates. Not carrying other debt will put you in a better position to handle your monthly payments.
Research loans and assistance: Government-sponsored loans have more flexible borrowing requirements than conventional loans. Some government-sponsored or private programs can also help with your down payment and closing costs.
Shop around for lenders: Researching and comparing multiple loan offers from different lenders can help you secure the lowest mortgage rate for your situation.
Investing has become much easier over the years thanks to the popularity of robo-advisors. Rather than working with a human financial advisor, a robo-investing uses algorithms to make a wealth management plan for each investor.
There are many advantages to using these services. Robo-advisors are typically less expensive than hiring a financial advisor. They allow you to start investing in the stock market even if you don’t have much money to start with.
So if you’re looking for an easy, inexpensive way to get started with investing, a robo-advisor could be a great option for you.
10 Best Robo-Advisors: Uncovering the Standout Performers
Here is an overview of our top picks for the best robo-advisors, as well as a brief explanation about what we like about each one:
1. Personal Capital
Key Features:
Hybrid robo-advisor with access to human financial advisors
Advanced investment strategies including tax optimization
Comprehensive financial planning tools
Retirement and savings goal tracking
High minimum balance requirement
Who it’s best for:
Personal Capital is ideal for more advanced investors with higher account balances, as well as those who seek a combination of automated investing with human financial advisor support.
Its comprehensive planning and retirement tracking features make it a powerful platform for long-term wealth management.
2. Wealthfront
Key Features:
Diversified portfolios with 11 different asset classes
Tax-loss harvesting for all investment accounts
High-interest cash account
Automatic rebalancing and portfolio optimization
College savings plan (529) support
Who it’s best for:
Wealthfront is a strong option for investors seeking a fully automated robo-advisor with a focus on tax efficiency and diversified investments.
Its high-interest cash account and college savings plan support make it an attractive choice for those looking to cover various financial goals.
3. Betterment
Key Features:
Goal-based investing tailored to personal milestones
Automatic rebalancing and tax-efficient strategies
Socially responsible investing options
Access to human financial advisors (with premium plan)
No minimum account balance
Who it’s best for:
Betterment is a great choice for beginners and experienced investors alike, who want a goal-oriented approach to investing.
With its socially responsible investing options and access to a licensed advisor (with the premium plan), it provides a well-rounded platform for a variety of investors.
4. Ally Invest
Key Features:
Low account minimum and no trading commissions
User-friendly online platform
Various research-based tools
No advisory fees for managed portfolios
Integration with Ally Bank for seamless banking and investing
Who it’s best for:
Ally Invest is an excellent option for new investors looking for a low-cost, user-friendly platform with no trading commissions.
Its integration with Ally Bank makes it a convenient choice for those who want to manage their banking and investing under one roof.
5. Vanguard
Key Features:
Hybrid robo-advisor with access to Vanguard personal advisor services
Low-cost, diversified investment options
Retirement and college savings plans
Strong reputation and established history
Higher minimum investment compared to other robo-advisors
Who it’s best for:
Vanguard Digital Advisor is ideal for investors seeking a trusted, established provider with a focus on low-cost, diversified investments.
Its hybrid model offers the benefits of automated investing along with access to a human advisor, making it a strong option for those with larger account balances.
6. M1
Key Features:
Fractional share investing
Customizable portfolios or pre-built expert portfolios
No management fees or commissions
M1 Borrow feature allows borrowing against your portfolio
M1 Spend feature integrates banking and investing
Who it’s best for:
M1 Finance is well-suited for investors who want a high level of customization with their portfolios, allowing them to create their own investment “pies” or choose from pre-built expert portfolios.
As a cost-effective solution, it appeals to budget-minded investors who appreciate the opportunity to leverage their portfolio through borrowing or take advantage of integrated banking services.
7. Ellevest
Key Features:
Focus on socially responsible investing
Gender-specific investment advice
Goal-based investing approach
Access to career coaching and financial planners
Low fees
Who it’s best for:
Ellevest is an excellent choice for investors who prioritize socially responsible investing and seek a platform tailored to the unique financial challenges faced by women.
Its goal-driven approach, coupled with access to career coaching and financial planners, makes it a comprehensive platform for value-oriented investors.
8. Facet
Key Features:
Comprehensive financial planning services
Access to dedicated Certified Financial Planner (CFP)
Flat-fee pricing model
No account minimums
Not fully automated
Who it’s best for:
Facet Wealth is ideal for individuals who want personalized investment management services but can’t afford the fees associated with traditional financial advisors.
Its flat-fee pricing model and access to a dedicated CFP provide a high level of personalization and support, making it a valuable option for those seeking a more hands-on approach to wealth management.
9. SoFi Automated Investing
Key Features:
No management fees
Low minimum balance requirement
Automatic rebalancing
Access to certified financial planners
Robust customer service
Who it’s best for:
SoFi Automated Investing is an excellent option for investors seeking a low-cost, accessible platform with strong customer support.
With no account fees and a low balance requirement, it’s a great choice for those just starting their investment journey or those who want access to financial planning resources without paying high fees.
10. Blooom
Key Features:
Focus on retirement savings (401(k)s and IRAs)
No minimum account balance requirement
Flat yearly management fee
401(k) analysis and optimization
Auto rebalancing and investment recommendations
Who it’s best for:
Blooom is a standout option for investors looking to optimize their retirement savings, specifically in 401(k)s and IRAs.
With its flat yearly management fee and no minimum account balance requirement, it’s an accessible platform for those who want to improve their retirement investment approach and maximize their long-term returns.
A Side-By-Side Comparison of the Best Robo-Advisors
Listed below is a side-by-side overview of what each robo-advisor has to offer.
BROKER
FEES
PROMOTION
ACCOUNT MINIMUM
Ally Invest
0.0%
No promotions offered
$100
Personal Capital
0.49%-0.89%
No promotions offered
$100,000
Wealthfront
0.25%
$5,000 in assets managed for free
$500
Betterment
0.25%
A year of free management
$0
FutureAdvisor
0.50%
Three months of free management
$10,000
Vanguard
0.30%
No promotions offered
$50,000
Bloom
$10 per month
$10 off first year
$0
M1 Finance
0.0%
No promotions offered
$0
Ellevest
0.25%
Possible $750 cash bonus
$0
Facet Wealth
$480 per year or more
No promotions offered
$0
SoFi Automated Investing
0.0%
Free career counseling and loan discounts
$100
Wealthsimple
0.40%-0.50%
$10,000 in assets managed for free
$0
How do robo-advisors work?
A robo-advisor is a specialized software that provides automated investment portfolios based on your goals and risk tolerance. Your risk tolerance is based on your answers to the questions provided.
Robo-advisors use algorithms to choose the right asset allocation based on your risk tolerance, investment goals, and time horizon, providing a customized and efficient approach to portfolio management. Some services give you access to human advisors as well.
Robo-advisors are a viable option for anyone who wants to start investing but can’t afford a portfolio management firm. Or if you just want a hands-off approach to investing, robo-investing is a great choice for diversifying your investments. These services typically have low management fees and require low account minimum balances.
So if you don’t have tens of thousands of dollars at your disposal but still want to start building an investment portfolio, using a robo-advisor has a much lower barrier to entry. There are many online services available on the market, but the ones listed above stand out from the pack.
How to Choose the Right Robo-Advisor for Your Needs
Selecting the right robo-advisor requires considering your investment goals, risk tolerance, and personal preferences. Here are some factors to help guide your decision-making process:
1. Determine your investment goals
Before choosing a robo-advisor, it’s essential to outline your financial goals. Are you saving for retirement, building an emergency fund, or working towards another specific milestone? Understanding your objectives will help you find a robo-advisor that aligns with your needs and offers relevant services.
2. Assess your risk tolerance
Risk tolerance refers to your comfort level with the potential fluctuations in the value of your investments. Some investors prefer a conservative approach, while others may be willing to take on more risk for potentially higher returns. Choose a robo-advisor that offers investment options aligned with your risk tolerance and provides suitable recommendations based on your preferences.
3. Compare fees and account minimums
Fees and account minimums are crucial factors to consider when selecting a robo-advisor. Some platforms charge a percentage of your assets under management, while others may have a flat fee.
Additionally, account minimums can vary widely, ranging from no minimum to tens of thousands of dollars. Choose a robo-advisor with a fee structure and minimum investment requirement that suits your financial situation.
4. Review available investment options
Different robo-advisors offer varying investment options, including individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, and mutual funds. Some platforms may also provide access to socially responsible investments or other specialized options. Ensure the robo-advisor you choose offers options that align with your goals and values.
5. Consider additional features and services
Many robo-advisors offer added features and services, such as automatic rebalancing, tax-loss harvesting, and access to human advisors. Some platforms may also provide banking services or wealth management tools. Assess which additional features are important to you and select a robo-advisor that meets your requirements.
6. Evaluate the user experience
The user experience, including the platform’s ease of use, customer support, and educational resources, is an essential aspect of choosing a robo-advisor. Look for platforms with intuitive interfaces, responsive customer service, and helpful resources to guide you through the investment process.
7. Read reviews and testimonials
Researching reviews and testimonials from current users can provide valuable insight into a robo-advisor’s performance, customer satisfaction, and any potential issues you may encounter. Look for reviews from reputable sources and users with similar objectives and investment preferences to ensure the robo-advisor is the right fit for your needs.
What should you look for in a robo-advisor?
When researching robo-advisors, it’s crucial to know what features and qualities are essential for a successful investment experience. Here are five things you should keep in mind when you’re considering different services.
Management fees: Most robo-advisors will charge an annual fee. This is usually calculated as a percentage of your total assets. You should make sure you understand the management fee structure because this will cut into your earnings.
Types of accounts offered: You should make sure you have a general understanding of the different accounts offered. For instance, retirement accounts like Roth IRAs and 401(k)s will have limits on how much you can contribute each year. Make sure you understand the difference between a taxable investment account and tax-deferred or tax-free accounts offered and how they benefit your financial goals.
Investments: It’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the types of investments offered. For instance, many robo-advisors offer low-cost index funds, mutual funds, and ETFs. You should make sure that you like the accounts being offered and that they are fairly low cost.
Rebalancing: Since your investment portfolio will fluctuate, over time, it’s easy for it to become out-of-sync with your overall investing goals. You should look for a company that offers automatic portfolio rebalancing.
Access to financial advisors: And finally, one of the benefits of using a robo-advisor is that it’s a hands-off approach to investing. But some robo-advisors offer access to financial planners, and this offers many benefits. Having a financial planner involved brings a human element to your portfolio and makes it more personalized.
An Explanation of the Different Investment Options Available through Robo-Advisors
Robo-advisors provide investors with a variety of investment options to create a well-diversified portfolio tailored to their risk tolerance and financial objectives. Understanding the different options available can help you make informed decisions about your portfolio. Here are some of the most common options offered by robo-advisors:
1. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
ETFs are a popular investment option among robo-advisors due to their low costs and broad diversification. An ETF is a collection of securities, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities, that tracks a specific index or sector. ETFs trade on stock exchanges, just like individual stocks, and offer investors exposure to a wide range of asset classes, industries, and regions.
2. Index Funds
Index funds are mutual funds that track the performance of a specific market index, such as the S&P 500 or Nasdaq Composite. Like ETFs, they provide broad diversification and have low management fees. By investing in an index fund, you’re essentially buying a small piece of every company within that index, reducing the overall risk in your portfolio.
3. Mutual Funds
Mutual funds pool the investments of multiple investors to purchase a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. They are less common in robo-advisor portfolios due to their higher fees compared to ETFs and index funds, some robo-advisors still include them as an investment option, particularly for specific sectors or strategies.
4. Bonds
Bonds are debt securities issued by governments, corporations, or other entities to raise capital. When you invest in a bond, you’re essentially lending money to the issuer in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the principal amount at the bond’s maturity. Bonds are typically considered less risky than stocks and can provide a steady income stream, making them a popular choice for conservative investors or those nearing retirement.
5. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
REITs are companies that own, operate, or finance income-producing real estate properties. They allow investors to gain exposure to real estate investments without the need to buy or manage properties directly. REITs can provide diversification and income potential to a portfolio, as they typically pay regular dividends from the rental income generated by their properties.
6. Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Funds
SRI and ESG funds focus on investments in companies that meet specific ethical, environmental, social, or governance criteria. These funds allow investors to align their investment portfolios with their values and support businesses that have a positive impact on society and the environment. Some robo-advisors offer SRI and ESG options to cater to the growing demand for responsible investing.
7. Target-Date Funds
Target-date funds are designed to simplify long-term investing, particularly for retirement planning. These funds automatically adjust their asset allocation over time, gradually shifting from higher-risk investments like stocks to more conservative investments like bonds as the target retirement date approaches. This helps investors maintain an age-appropriate risk level in their portfolios without needing to make manual adjustments.
Tips for Monitoring and Adjusting Your Investment Strategy with a Robo-Advisor
While robo-advisors are designed to automate much of the investment process, it’s essential to periodically review your investment plan and make adjustments as needed. Here are some tips for monitoring and adjusting your strategy when using a robo-advisor:
1. Regularly review your risk tolerance and investment goals
Your risk tolerance and investment goals may change over time due to personal circumstances or market conditions. Ensure you update your robo-advisor profile to reflect any changes, as this will help the platform adjust your portfolio to align with your current objectives and risk appetite.
2. Monitor your portfolio performance
Keep an eye on your portfolio’s performance and compare it to relevant benchmarks or other investment options. This will give you an idea of whether your robo-advisor is effectively managing your investments and meeting your expectations. If your portfolio consistently underperforms, it may be time to consider other investment strategies or try a different robo-advisor.
3. Rebalance your portfolio as needed
While many robo-advisors automatically rebalance your portfolio, it’s still a good idea to review your investments periodically. If you notice significant deviations from your target allocation or if your investment goals change, you may need to adjust your portfolio accordingly.
4. Stay informed about market trends and developments
Even though robo-advisors handle most of the investment decisions for you, it’s essential to stay informed about market trends and developments. This will help you better understand your portfolio’s performance and make more informed decisions about any adjustments you may need to make.
5. Evaluate the robo-advisor’s features and offerings
Periodically review the features and offerings of your robo-advisor to ensure they still align with your needs and preferences. Some robo-advisors may introduce new investment options, tools, or services that could benefit your investment strategy. If you find a different robo-advisor that better suits your needs, don’t hesitate to switch.
6. Consider seeking professional advice
If you have concerns about your investment approach or need help understanding complex financial situations, consider consulting a certified financial planner or other financial professional. While a robo-advisor can be an excellent option for many investors, there may be times when personalized advice from a human advisor is necessary.
Bottom Line
Robo-advisors are an excellent solution for investors seeking a low-cost, user-friendly approach to growing their wealth. They provide the advantages of professional portfolio management and access to diverse investment options without the hefty fees typically associated with traditional financial advisors.
As you embark on your investment journey, remember to consider your long-term goals, risk tolerance, and personal values when selecting a robo-advisor. Make sure to evaluate management fees, account types, and available investment options to ensure your chosen platform aligns with your investment strategy.
Keep an eye on your portfolio and leverage the tools and features offered by your robo-advisor to maximize returns, optimize asset allocation, and stay on track to achieve your financial goals.
By understanding the full potential of robo-advisors and making informed decisions about your investments, you can confidently take charge of your financial future and reap the rewards of a well-managed, diversified portfolio.
If you’re in the market for a home, here are today’s mortgage rates compared to last week’s.
Loan type
Interest rate
A week ago
Change
30-year fixed rate
7.29%
7.10%
+0.19
15-year fixed rate
6.59%
6.52%
+0.07
30-year jumbo mortgage rate
7.36%
7.16%
+0.20
30-year mortgage refinance rate
7.32%
7.16%
+0.16
Average rates offered by lenders nationwide as of Feb. 15, 2024. We use rates collected by Bankrate to track daily mortgage rate trends.
Mortgage rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
Mortgage terms and types
When picking a mortgage, consider the loan term, or payment schedule. The most common mortgage terms are 15 and 30 years, although 10-, 20- and 40-year mortgages also exist. You’ll also need to choose between a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the duration of the loan, and an adjustable-rate mortgage. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is only fixed for a certain amount of time (commonly five, seven or 10 years), after which the rate adjusts annually based on the market’s current interest rate. Fixed-rate mortgages offer more stability and are a better option if you plan to live in a home in the long term, but adjustable-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates upfront.
30-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average interest rate for a standard 30-year fixed mortgage is 7.29%, which is a growth of 19 basis points from one week ago. (A basis point is equivalent to 0.01%.) A 30-year fixed mortgage is the most common loan term. It will often have a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage, but you’ll have a lower monthly payment.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average rate for a 15-year, fixed mortgage is 6.59%, which is an increase of 7 basis points from seven days ago. Though you’ll have a bigger monthly payment than a 30-year fixed mortgage, a 15-year loan usually comes with a lower interest rate, allowing you to pay less interest in the long run and pay off your mortgage sooner.
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages
A 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage has an average rate of 6.15%, a climb of 4 basis points from the same time last week. You’ll typically get a lower introductory interest rate with a 5/1 ARM in the first five years of the mortgage. But you could pay more after that period, depending on how the rate adjusts annually. If you plan to sell or refinance your house within five years, an ARM could be a good option.
What to know about today’s mortgage rates
High inflation and the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate hikes drove up mortgage rates over the last several years. Toward the end of last year, however, the Fed announced that interest rate cuts were on the table for 2024. That projection led to a significant drop in mortgage rates, pushing them into the 6% range. Since early February, however, mortgage rates have climbed back above 7% in response to strong economic data.
30-year fixed mortgage: 7.29%
15-year fixed mortgage: 6.59%
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage: 6.15%
Mortgage rate forecasts from experts
Experts say interest rate cuts from the Fed will allow mortgage rates to ease, though the first cut won’t likely come until May or June, depending on how quickly inflation decelerates.
“We are expecting mortgage rates to fall to around 6.5% by the end of this year, but there’s still a lot of volatility I think we might see,” said Daryl Fairweather, chief economist at Redfin. “It’s possible that rates might go up before they go down again, so that’s why we’re still being conservative with rates being around 6.5%.”
Each month brings a new set of inflation and labor data that can change how investors and the market respond and what direction mortgage rates go, said Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist at First American Financial Corporation. “Ongoing inflation deceleration, a slowing economy and even geopolitical uncertainty can contribute to lower mortgage rates. On the other hand, data that signals upside risk to inflation may result in higher rates,” Kushi said.
While mortgage forecasters base their projections on different data, most experts and market watchers predict rates will move toward 6% or lower by the end of 2024. Here’s a look at where some major housing authorities expect average mortgage rates to land.
What affects mortgage rates?
While it’s important to monitor mortgage rates if you’re shopping for a home, remember that no one has a crystal ball. It’s impossible to time the mortgage market, and rates will always have some level of volatility because so many factors are at play.
“Mortgage rates tend to follow long-date Treasury yields, a function of current inflation and economic growth as well as expectations about future economic conditions,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
Here are the factors that influence the average rates on home loans.
Federal Reserve monetary policy: The nation’s central bank doesn’t set interest rates, but when it adjusts the federal funds rate, mortgages tend to go in the same direction.
Inflation: Mortgage rates tend to increase during high inflation. Lenders usually set higher interest rates on loans to compensate for the loss of purchasing power.
The bond market: Mortgage lenders often use long-term bond yields, like the 10-Year Treasury, as a benchmark to set interest rates on home loans. When yields rise, mortgage rates typically increase.
Geopolitical events: World events, such as elections, pandemics or economic crises, can also affect home loan rates, particularly when global financial markets face uncertainty.
Other economic factors: The bond market, employment data, investor confidence and housing market trends, such as supply and demand, can also affect the direction of mortgage rates.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment
Getting a mortgage should always depend on your financial situation and long-term goals. The most important thing is to make a budget and try to stay within your means. CNET’s mortgage calculator below can help homebuyers prepare for monthly mortgage payments.
How to get the lowest mortgage rates
Though mortgage rates and home prices are high, the housing market won’t be unaffordable forever. It’s always a good time to save for a down payment and improve your credit score to help you secure a competitive mortgage rate when the time is right.
Save for a bigger down payment: Though a 20% down payment isn’t required, a larger upfront payment means taking out a smaller mortgage, which will help you save in interest.
Boost your credit score: You can qualify for a conventional mortgage with a 620 credit score, but a higher score of at least 740 will get you better rates.
Pay off debt: Experts recommend a debt-to-income ratio of 36% or less to help you qualify for the best rates. Not carrying other debt will put you in a better position to handle your monthly payments.
Research loans and assistance: Government-sponsored loans have more flexible borrowing requirements than conventional loans. Some government-sponsored or private programs can also help with your down payment and closing costs.
Shop around for lenders: Researching and comparing multiple loan offers from different lenders can help you secure the lowest mortgage rate for your situation.
If you find yourself in a bad financial situation, making an early withdrawal from your 401(k) may sound tempting. But early withdrawals from your 401(k) come with hefty fines and can put your retirement at risk. So, before you do this, you should be sure that it’s truly a financial necessity.
That being said, there are situations when it makes sense, and occasionally, you can find ways to get the fees waived. This article will review everything you need to know before making an early 401(k) withdrawal.
Early 401(k) Withdrawal Options
Wondering if you can tap into your 401(k) funds ahead of schedule? The ability to make an early withdrawal from your 401(k) hinges on several factors, including your employer’s policies, the specifics of your plan, and your current employment status. Here’s a straightforward guide to understanding your options.
Checking With Your Employer
Your first step should be to get in touch with your human resources department. Not every employer permits early withdrawals from their 401(k) plans, and those that do may have specific criteria and procedures you’ll need to follow. The ease of starting this process and the options available to you will depend on various factors, such as your age and the specific rules of your plan.
For Former Employees
If you’re no longer employed with the company that holds your original 401(k), reaching out to the plan’s administrator is your next move. The administrator can provide you with the necessary steps and documentation required to initiate an early withdrawal. They’ll guide you through the process, ensuring you understand any implications or penalties associated with accessing your funds prematurely.
For Current Employees
Still working for the company where you’ve built your 401(k)? There might be restrictions on your ability to make early withdrawals. But don’t lose hope; you might have the option to borrow against your 401(k) instead.
Taking a 401(k) loan can be a viable alternative, offering a way to access your funds without the penalties associated with early withdrawals. We’ll delve into the specifics of 401(k) loans and how they work later on, providing you with all the information you need to make an informed decision.
401(k) Early Withdrawal Penalties
When it comes to pulling money from your 401(k) before reaching the age of 59 ½, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) doesn’t give you a free pass. Let’s break down what this really means for your wallet. You’re not just facing a flat fee; it’s a combination of penalties and taxes that can significantly reduce the amount you end up with.
The 10% Penalty Explained
If you dip into your 401(k) early, the IRS imposes a 10% penalty on the amount you withdraw. This is their way of discouraging people from using their retirement savings prematurely. For example, if you withdraw $10,000, you owe $1,000 right off the bat to the IRS as a penalty.
Tackling the Tax Implications
But the financial impact doesn’t stop there. Since 401(k) contributions are made pre-tax, when you take money out, it’s considered taxable income. This means the amount you withdraw will be added to your total income for the year, potentially pushing you into a higher tax bracket.
To illustrate, let’s say you’re in the 22% tax bracket. On a $10,000 withdrawal, you’ll owe $2,200 in income taxes, in addition to the $1,000 penalty. So, from your $10,000, you’re down $3,200, leaving you with $6,800.
Real-World Example for Clarity
Imagine John, who decides to withdraw $10,000 from his 401(k) to cover an unexpected expense. John is in the 22% tax bracket. Here’s how his withdrawal breaks down:
10% early withdrawal penalty: $1,000
Income tax (22%): $2,200
Total deductions: $3,200
Amount John receives: $6,800
This example highlights the importance of considering the combined effect of penalties and taxes on early 401(k) withdrawals. It’s not just about the immediate need for cash but understanding the long-term impact on your retirement savings.
Tax Planning Strategies for Early 401(k) Withdrawals
Making an early withdrawal from your 401(k) can have significant tax implications. However, with careful planning, you can manage these impacts more effectively. Here are strategies to consider:
Spread Out Withdrawals
If possible, spreading out your withdrawals over several years can help manage your tax bracket. Large withdrawals can push you into a higher tax bracket, increasing your overall tax liability. By taking smaller amounts over time, you may stay within a lower tax bracket, reducing the amount of taxes owed.
State Tax Considerations
Remember that state taxes can also apply to 401(k) withdrawals. Tax rates and regulations vary by state, so it’s essential to understand the rules in your state and plan accordingly. Some states offer tax breaks or exemptions for retirement income, which could influence your withdrawal strategy.
Reinvesting Withdrawn Funds
If you must make an early withdrawal but don’t need the funds immediately for expenses, consider reinvesting them in a tax-advantaged account. This could be a Roth IRA, where withdrawals in retirement are tax-free, or a health savings account (HSA), if eligible. These moves can help mitigate the tax impact and potentially grow your investment tax-free.
Implementing these tax planning strategies can help you navigate the complexities of early 401(k) withdrawals, minimizing the tax bite and keeping your retirement goals on track. Consulting with a tax professional or financial advisor can provide personalized advice based on your individual situation and financial goals.
Hardship Withdrawal Eligibility and Requirements
When life throws you a financial curveball, tapping into your 401(k) through a hardship withdrawal might seem like a viable option. This choice allows you to access your retirement funds early without the standard 10% penalty, under specific conditions. Let’s explore what qualifies as a hardship withdrawal, the documentation you’ll need, and how to prove your need effectively.
Qualifying Conditions for Hardship Withdrawals
Hardship withdrawals are not given out for just any reason. The IRS defines specific scenarios where these withdrawals are permitted. These include:
Unreimbursed medical expenses: Significant out-of-pocket medical costs for you, your spouse, or dependents.
Home purchase: Down payment and closing costs for buying your primary residence.
Tuition and education fees: Tuition, related educational fees, and room and board expenses for the next 12 months of postsecondary education for you, your spouse, children, or dependents.
Prevention of eviction or foreclosure: Amounts necessary to prevent eviction from or foreclosure on your primary residence.
Funeral expenses: Costs related to the death of a family member.
Repair of damage to primary residence: Costs for repairs to your home that would qualify for the casualty deduction under IRS rules.
Documentation Requirements
To successfully apply for a hardship withdrawal, you’ll need to provide substantial proof that your situation matches one of the qualifying conditions. This might include:
Unreimbursed medical expenses: Bills and statements from healthcare providers, showing the costs not covered by insurance.
Home purchase: Mortgage documents or contracts that highlight the purchase of a primary residence.
Tuition and education fees: Invoices from the educational institution for tuition, along with documentation for related expenses.
Prevention of eviction or foreclosure: Notice of eviction or foreclosure proceedings against your primary residence.
Funeral expenses: Funeral home invoices or other documentation of related expenses.
Repair of damage to primary residence: Estimates or receipts for repairs necessary due to damage that qualifies for a casualty deduction.
The Process of Proving Hardship
Proving hardship is more than just submitting documents. You’ll need to:
Contact your plan administrator: Start by reaching out to your plan’s administrator. They can guide you through the specific requirements and process for your plan.
Gather your documentation: Collect all relevant documents that substantiate your claim. This may require obtaining records from various sources, so it’s wise to start this step as soon as possible.
Complete the application: Fill out the necessary application forms provided by your plan. Ensure all information is accurate and attach your supporting documentation.
Await approval: After submitting your application, there will be a review process. During this time, your plan administrator may request additional information or clarification.
While a hardship withdrawal can offer a lifeline during financial distress, it’s crucial to approach this option with a full understanding of the qualifications and process. Remember, these withdrawals can impact your retirement savings, so consider all alternatives before proceeding.
Should you consider a 401(k) loan instead?
Considering a 401(k) loan instead of an early withdrawal might be a strategic move under certain circumstances. Below, we will clarify the nuances of 401(k) loans, including repayment conditions, interest rates, and when it’s advantageous to choose this option over withdrawing funds directly.
The Basics of 401(k) Loans
A 401(k) loan allows you to borrow against the savings in your retirement accounts without incurring the penalties and taxes associated with an early withdrawal. It’s a feature many plans offer, providing a way to access your funds for immediate needs while still keeping your retirement goals on track.
Repayment Terms
Repayment terms for 401(k) loans vary by plan, but typically, you’re expected to repay the loan within five years. Payments are usually set up on a monthly basis and are deducted directly from your paycheck, making the repayment process straightforward and manageable.
Interest Rates
The interest rate on a 401(k) loan is often comparable to or slightly higher than current market rates, but significantly lower than the rates associated with credit card debt or personal loans. The interest you pay goes back into your 401(k) account, essentially paying yourself back with interest, which can make this option particularly appealing.
When to Consider a 401(k) Loan
Choosing a 401(k) loan over a direct withdrawal or other financial avenues can be wise in several scenarios:
Avoiding penalties and taxes: If you need access to funds but want to avoid the penalties and taxes associated with an early 401(k) withdrawal.
Debt consolidation: When looking to consolidate high-interest debt under a lower interest rate, thus saving money in the long term.
Major expenses: For significant expenses, such as home repairs or medical bills, where using a 401(k) loan can provide a financially responsible solution.
Before opting for a 401(k) loan, consider the impact on your retirement savings. While you’re repaying the loan, the borrowed amount is not invested, potentially missing out on market gains. Additionally, if you leave your job, the loan may become due in full much sooner than the original five-year term.
Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP): A Closer Look
When considering accessing your 401(k) or IRA funds before the typical retirement age without facing penalties, the Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP) program can be a lifeline. This strategy requires a commitment to taking consistent withdrawals for a significant period. Let’s dive deeper into how SEPP works, how to calculate your payments, and when this approach might be particularly beneficial or risky.
How to Calculate SEPP Payments
Calculating your SEPP involves choosing from one of three IRS-approved methods: the Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) method, the Fixed Amortization method, and the Fixed Annuitization method. Each method uses your current account balance and life expectancy factors to determine annual withdrawal amounts, but they vary in flexibility and payment amounts.
RMD method: This method recalculates your payment each year based on the current account balance and your life expectancy.
Fixed amortization method: This calculates a fixed annual payment based on your life expectancy and account balance at the start of the SEPP plan.
Fixed annuitization method: This uses an annuity factor to determine annual payments, resulting in fixed payments for the duration of the SEPP period.
Scenarios Where SEPP Might Be Advantageous
SEPP plans can be particularly useful in several situations:
Early retirement: If you plan to retire early and need a steady income stream, SEPP allows you to access your retirement funds without the 10% early withdrawal penalty.
Bridge income gap: For those who need to bridge an income gap until other retirement benefits kick in, such as Social Security or pensions.
Financial emergencies: In cases where there are substantial financial needs before reaching 59 ½, SEPP provides a structured way to access funds.
Potential Pitfalls and Considerations
While SEPP offers a way to access retirement funds early, there are important considerations to keep in mind:
Commitment: Once you start SEPP, you must continue the withdrawals for at least five years or until you reach age 59 ½, whichever is longer. Deviating from the schedule can result in retroactive penalties.
Market risk: Your account is still subject to market fluctuations, which can impact your balance and, potentially, your withdrawal amounts if you’re using the RMD method.
Locking in losses: If you withdraw money during market downturns, it can lock in losses, potentially jeopardizing the longevity of your retirement funds.
SEPP can be a strategic tool for managing retirement funds before reaching the traditional retirement age. However, it’s crucial to carefully assess your financial situation, consider the long-term implications of starting SEPP, and consult with a financial advisor to ensure this strategy aligns with your overall retirement planning goals.
Alternatives to Early 401(k) Withdrawals
Accessing your 401(k) early can come with significant financial repercussions, including penalties and taxes that diminish your retirement savings. Fortunately, there are several other strategies you can consider to meet your financial needs without tapping into your retirement funds prematurely. Let’s delve into some of these alternatives and how they might serve as viable solutions.
Borrow from Family or Friends
One of the most straightforward alternatives is to seek a loan from family or friends. This option can offer more flexible repayment terms and potentially lower (or no) interest rates. However, it’s essential to approach this solution with clear communication and, ideally, a formal agreement to avoid any misunderstandings or strain on your relationships.
Sell Personal Assets
Another strategy is to evaluate your personal assets for items that you can sell. This could range from high-value items like a second car or recreational vehicles to smaller, valuable assets such as electronics or collectibles. Selling assets can provide a quick influx of cash without the need to worry about interest rates or penalties.
Explore Government and Non-Profit Assistance
For those facing financial hardship, various government and non-profit programs offer financial assistance. These programs can provide support for a range of needs, including housing, utilities, food, and medical expenses. Researching and applying to these programs can offer a way to bridge your financial gap without compromising your retirement savings.
Consider Home Equity Loans and HELOCs
If you have equity in your home, tapping into it through a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC) might be a strategic alternative to early 401(k) withdrawals. Both options can offer more favorable interest rates than a personal loan or credit cards, but with distinct differences in how you access and repay the funds.
Home Equity Loans
Home equity loans provide a lump sum at a fixed interest rate, making it an excellent choice for one-time, significant expenses. The predictable repayment schedule helps with budgeting but requires you to take out a precise amount from the start.
HELOCs
HELOCs, in contrast, offer a flexible credit line, similar to a credit card, but with lower interest rates. This option allows you to borrow as needed over a draw period, usually with variable interest rates. The flexibility is ideal for ongoing expenses, but it’s vital to manage this responsibly due to the fluctuating payments.
Personal Loans and Credit Options
Personal loans from banks or credit unions, as well as low-interest or 0% APR credit card offers, can also provide temporary relief. These options may come with higher interest rates than a HELOC but don’t require collateral. When choosing this route, it’s vital to compare offers and understand the terms to ensure they align with your financial recovery plan.
Conclusion
When faced with financial needs, deciding whether to access your 401(k) early is a significant choice. It’s crucial to weigh the immediate benefits against the long-term impact on your retirement savings. As we’ve explored, alternatives like borrowing from family or friends, selling personal assets, or tapping into home equity through loans or HELOCs can provide the necessary funds without the drawbacks of early withdrawal penalties and taxes.
For those considering a 401(k) loan or Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP), these options offer ways to access your funds while minimizing the negative effects on your retirement account. However, each choice comes with its own set of considerations and potential impacts on your financial future.
Ultimately, the decision should align with your overall financial strategy and long-term goals. Consulting with a financial advisor can provide personalized advice, helping you to make an informed choice that balances your immediate needs with your retirement aspirations. Remember, the goal is to ensure financial stability now without compromising your future well-being.
A number of mortgage rates crept upward over the last seven days. The average 15-year fixed and 30-year fixed mortgage rates both inched upward. At the same time, average rates for 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages remained unchanged.
30-year fixed mortgage: 7.10%
15-year fixed mortgage: 6.52%
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage: 6.11%
High mortgage rates, expensive home prices and tight inventory kept homebuying out of reach for many last year. The current housing market won’t recover overnight, but the good news is that mortgage rates are projected to move lower in the coming months.
“Housing market activity has been so depressed that it wouldn’t take much for 2024 to be better than 2023,” says Matt Graham of Mortgage News Daily. “Whether that means a ‘return to balance’ really depends on how we define balance.”
Mortgage rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
Today’s mortgage rates
If you’re in the market for a home, check out how today’s mortgage rates compare to last week’s. We use rates collected by Bankrate to track daily mortgage rate trends. This table summarizes the average rates offered by lenders across the US:
Current average mortgage interest rates
Loan type
Interest rate
A week ago
Change
30-year fixed rate
7.10%
6.96%
+0.14
15-year fixed rate
6.52%
6.40%
+0.12
30-year jumbo mortgage rate
7.16%
7.00%
+0.16
30-year mortgage refinance rate
7.16%
7.08%
+0.08
Rates as of Feb. 8, 2024
Mortgage rate forecasts from experts
High inflation and the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate hikes drove up mortgage rates over the last several years. With inflation now decelerating, the Fed is positioning itself to make its first interest rate cut, though that may still be several months away.
While mortgage forecasters base their projections on different data, most experts and market watchers predict rates will move toward 6% or lower by the end of 2024. Here’s a look at where some major housing authorities expect average mortgage rates to land.
What are mortgage rates impacted by?
While it’s important to monitor mortgage rates if you’re shopping for a home, remember that no one has a crystal ball. It’s impossible to time the mortgage market, and rates will always have some level of volatility because so many factors are at play.
“Mortgage rates tend to follow long-date Treasury yields, a function of current inflation and economic growth as well as expectations about future economic conditions,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
Here are the factors that influence the average rates on home loans.
Federal Reserve monetary policy: The nation’s central bank doesn’t set interest rates, but when it adjusts the federal funds rate, mortgages tend to go in the same direction.
Inflation: Mortgage rates tend to increase during high inflation. Lenders usually set higher interest rates on loans to compensate for the loss of purchasing power.
The bond market: Mortgage lenders often use long-term bond yields, like the 10-Year Treasury, as a benchmark to set interest rates on home loans. When yields rise, mortgage rates typically increase.
Geopolitical events: World events, such as elections, pandemics or economic crises, can also affect home loan rates, particularly when global financial markets face uncertainty.
Other economic factors: The bond market, employment data, investor confidence and housing market trends, such as supply and demand, can also affect the direction of mortgage rates.
This graph shows the fluctuation of mortgage rates from the start of the pandemic to the end of last year:
What to know before choosing a mortgage
When picking a mortgage, consider the loan term, or payment schedule. The most common mortgage terms are 15 and 30 years, although 10-, 20- and 40-year mortgages also exist. You’ll also need to choose between a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the duration of the loan, and an adjustable-rate mortgage. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is only fixed for a certain amount of time (commonly five, seven or 10 years), after which the rate adjusts annually based on the market’s current interest rate. Fixed-rate mortgages offer more stability and are a better option if you plan to live in a home in the long term, but adjustable-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates upfront.
30-year fixed-rate mortgages
The 30-year fixed-mortgage rate average is 7.10%, which is a growth of 14 basis points from seven days ago. (A basis point is equivalent to 0.01%.) A 30-year fixed mortgage is the most common loan term. It will often have a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage, but you’ll have a lower monthly payment.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages
The average rate for a 15-year, fixed mortgage is 6.52%, which is an increase of 12 basis points from seven days ago. Though you’ll have a bigger monthly payment than a 30-year fixed mortgage, a 15-year loan usually comes with a lower interest rate, allowing you to pay less interest in the long run and pay off your mortgage sooner.
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages
A 5/1 ARM has an average rate of 6.11%, the same rate compared to last week. You’ll typically get a lower introductory interest rate with a 5/1 ARM in the first five years of the mortgage. But you could pay more after that period, depending on how the rate adjusts annually. If you plan to sell or refinance your house within five years, an ARM could be a good option.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment
Getting a mortgage should always depend on your financial situation and long-term goals. The most important thing is to make a budget and try to stay within your means. CNET’s mortgage calculator below can help homebuyers prepare for monthly mortgage payments.
How to get the lowest mortgage rates
Though mortgage rates and home prices are high, the housing market won’t be unaffordable forever. It’s always a good time to save for a down payment and improve your credit score to help you secure a competitive mortgage rate when the time is right.
Save for a bigger down payment: Though a 20% down payment isn’t required, a larger upfront payment means taking out a smaller mortgage, which will help you save in interest.
Boost your credit score: You can qualify for a conventional mortgage with a 620 credit score, but a higher score of at least 740 will get you better rates.
Pay off debt: Experts recommend a debt-to-income ratio of 36% or less to help you qualify for the best rates. Not carrying other debt will put you in a better position to handle your monthly payments.
Research loans and assistance: Government-sponsored loans have more flexible borrowing requirements than conventional loans. Some government-sponsored or private programs can also help with your down payment and closing costs.
Shop around for lenders: Researching and comparing multiple loan offers from different lenders can help you secure the lowest mortgage rate for your situation.
When it comes to buying a home, the significance of securing a mortgage with a competitive rate cannot be overstated. Imagine finding your dream home, only to realize the financial burden of a less-than-ideal mortgage rate.
This is where the expertise of a mortgage broker becomes invaluable. With their in-depth understanding of the mortgage landscape and access to a broad network of lenders, mortgage brokers play a crucial role in ensuring you don’t just find a loan, but the best possible loan for your situation.
Consider the impact: A difference of even 0.5% in your mortgage rate could mean saving or spending thousands over the life of your mortgage loan. In today’s market, where every little saving counts, the right mortgage rate can significantly affect your monthly budget and long-term financial planning.
Mortgage brokers offer a streamlined path through the complex process of loan comparison and application, saving you time, stress, and most importantly, money. Whether you’re in the process of home buying for the first time or looking to add to your portfolio, understanding the value a mortgage broker brings to the table is the first step towards securing your financial future.
What a Mortgage Broker Does
A mortgage broker serves as your ally in the journey toward homeownership, offering more than just a bridge to potential lenders. They dive into the vast sea of mortgage options, evaluating lenders and loan programs with an expert eye to pinpoint the ones that align with your unique financial landscape. But how exactly do they accomplish this? Let’s break it down.
Tailoring the Search to Your Financial Profile
Every homebuyer’s financial situation is distinct, with varying income levels, credit histories, and long-term goals. Mortgage brokers start by understanding these intricacies.
They assess your financial health, scrutinize your income, credit score, and debt-to-income ratio, and then use this information to filter through loan options. This personalized approach ensures that the recommendations they provide are not just any loans, but loans tailored to your specific needs.
Evaluating Lenders and Loan Programs
Mortgage brokers don’t just randomly select lenders. They perform a comprehensive analysis, comparing interest rates, loan terms, and qualification criteria across a wide spectrum of lenders.
This includes major banks, credit unions, and niche financing companies, some of which you might not have access to on your own. Their goal is to find you a loan that not only has competitive rates but also favorable terms that match your financial situation.
Overcoming Financial Challenges
Consider a scenario where a borrower has a solid income but a less-than-stellar credit score. A mortgage broker can identify lenders who are more lenient or specialized in handling similar profiles. Or, for self-employed individuals, brokers are aware of which lenders are more receptive to non-traditional income documentation, making what might seem like a daunting process simpler in finding suitable options.
Check Out Our Top Picks for 2024:
Best Mortgage Lenders
How a Mortgage Broker Can Help You
Engaging with a mortgage broker can significantly elevate your home buying journey, offering bespoke assistance that aligns with your unique financial and personal circumstances. Here’s a deeper dive into the ways a mortgage broker can be indispensable to prospective homeowners.
Streamlining the Loan Comparison Process
Mortgage brokers excel in their ability to filter through the vast array of loan options, identifying those that best fit your financial situation and home buying goals. This service is invaluable, saving you considerable time and effort that would otherwise be spent navigating through complex loan terms and conditions on your own.
Expert Negotiations on Your Behalf
With their extensive knowledge of the mortgage industry and relationships with multiple lenders, brokers are adept at negotiating terms that may not be directly accessible to you. This can include lower interest rates, reduced fees, or more favorable loan terms, directly impacting your financial well-being over the life of your mortgage.
Handling Paperwork and Coordination
The home loan process involves a significant amount of paperwork, from application forms to financial disclosures. A mortgage broker helps you compile the necessary documentation and ensures that all paperwork is completed accurately and submitted promptly, minimizing delays or issues.
Providing Tailored Financial Solutions
Brokers are particularly valuable for buyers with unique financial backgrounds — such as self-employed individuals, those with variable incomes, or buyers with a complex credit history. They have the expertise to find lenders who are more flexible with their lending criteria, providing solutions that might not be available through traditional channels.
Ongoing Support and Guidance
From the initial consultation to closing, a mortgage broker offers continuous support and guidance. They can clarify complex terms, answer questions, and provide updates throughout the process, ensuring you’re well-informed and confident in your decisions.
The Pros and Cons of Using A Mortgage Broker
Utilizing a mortgage broker comes with a host of advantages, but it’s important to consider the full picture. Let’s explore the nuanced benefits and potential drawbacks, enriched with real-life examples, for a more comprehensive understanding.
Pros
Access to Expertise and Options
One significant advantage is the broker’s role as an expert guide through the complex mortgage landscape. Their access to a broad array of lenders means they can offer various loan options tailored to your specific needs.
Case Study: Overcoming High Debt Ratios
For instance, a family with a high debt-to-income ratio was able to secure a favorable mortgage through a broker who knew which lenders offered more lenient qualification criteria, turning a challenging situation into a home-buying success story.
Cons
While brokers can offer invaluable assistance, there are considerations to keep in mind. Awareness of these aspects can help you make informed decisions.
Variability in Rates and Terms
It’s crucial to remember that not all deals brokered are set in stone. Interest rates and terms can fluctuate, which means the initial estimates might change. Engaging in open discussions about these possibilities can prepare you for any adjustments.
Direct Deals Might Be More Beneficial
In some cases, directly engaging with loan officers at your financial institution might offer more competitive mortgage options. It’s worth speaking to a loan officer at your bank or credit union to see what they have to offer before making a decision. This direct approach can sometimes yield benefits, especially if you have a strong relationship or history with the financial institution.
Mitigating the Drawbacks
Understanding how to leverage the benefits while minimizing the downsides involves clear communication with your broker about all potential options and staying informed about your own financial institution’s offerings.
The Cost of Hiring a Mortgage Broker
When considering the services of a mortgage broker, it’s important to understand how they are compensated for their expertise. Most often, mortgage broker fees are paid by the lenders, though there are situations where the borrower might cover these costs. This flexibility in the payment structure means that, in many instances, engaging a broker may not result in direct out-of-pocket expenses for you.
Brokers typically earn their income through commissions, which are usually between 1% and 2% of the loan’s total amount at closing. These costs can often be incorporated into your mortgage, becoming part of the loan’s overall financial setup. Despite the potential fees, the financial benefits that brokers can provide often far outweigh these costs.
In addition to their commission, brokers might also receive compensation through loan origination fees, administrative charges, upfront fees, or a yield-spread premium. Having a transparent conversation about the broker’s fee structure early on is crucial to avoid any surprises later in the process.
Although the idea of paying additional fees for a broker might seem significant, it is a strategic investment. The savings on your mortgage interest over time can substantially surpass the cost of the broker’s fee, making their services a valuable asset in your home buying or refinancing journey.
Finding the Right Mortgage Broker for You
With the abundance of mortgage brokers available, selecting the right one can seem daunting. Here are strategic steps to ensure you partner with a broker who best suits your needs:
Seek referrals from people you trust, like family, friends, or your real estate agent.
Confirm their professional credentials through the National Mortgage Licensing System.
Look for membership in recognized industry associations, such as the National Association of Mortgage Brokers, as a sign of professionalism and integrity.
Research online reviews to gauge their reputation and client satisfaction.
Discuss their fee structure upfront to understand how they are compensated.
Consult the Better Business Bureau to check for any complaints or issues.
Bottom Line: The Value of a Mortgage Broker
While searching for the ideal home loan can seem overwhelming, the right mortgage broker can significantly reduce your stress and workload. Their expertise and services not only simplify the loan comparison and application process but can also lead to significant savings on interest, making their cost a worthwhile investment in your financial future.
By carefully selecting a broker who aligns with your needs and financial goals, you position yourself to secure a mortgage that benefits you in the long term, both financially and personally.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need to use a mortgage broker to get a mortgage?
No, you are not required to use a mortgage broker to get a mortgage. You can also apply for a mortgage with a direct lender, such as a bank or credit union.
How do mortgage brokers make money?
Mortgage brokers typically earn a commission from the lender for successfully arranging a mortgage. This commission is typically a percentage of the loan amount. They may also charge you a fee as part of your closing costs.
How do I choose a mortgage broker?
If you decide to work with a local broker, make sure they are experienced, reputable, and have a proven track record. You can ask for recommendations from friends and family, or research mortgage brokers online to find one that meets your needs.
Can a mortgage broker help me if I have bad credit?
A mortgage broker may be able to help you secure a mortgage even if you have less than perfect credit. However, you may have to pay a higher interest rate or provide a bigger down payment to compensate for the increased risk to the lender.
Can a mortgage broker help me with refinancing my mortgage?
Yes, a broker can help you with refinancing your mortgage. They can work with you to find a lender that offers the best terms for your specific needs and help you navigate the refinancing process.
Imagine slashing your monthly mortgage payment to zero or, better yet, turning a profit from the very place you call home. This isn’t a daydream for the financially savvy few; it’s the reality of house hacking.
Through the eyes of those who’ve made it work, house hacking transforms your living situation into an opportunity for financial freedom. From young professionals to families, people across the country are finding that their biggest expense—housing—can actually become their biggest asset.
What is house hacking?
House hacking is a strategy that involves purchasing a primary residence with the intention of living in one part while renting out the rest as a rental property. This could mean buying a multifamily home and living in one unit, renting out the others, or even renting out spare bedrooms in a single-family home. The rent collected from tenants goes towards the mortgage and other property-related expenses, potentially allowing the owner to live for free or even make a profit.
A Spectrum of Possibilities
The beauty of house hacking lies in its flexibility. Here are a few scenarios to illustrate its range:
The Multi-Unit Maven: Alex buys a duplex, lives in one unit, and rents out the other. The rent from the second unit covers the mortgage, meaning Alex lives mortgage-free.
The Single-Family Sharer: Jamie purchases a four-bedroom house, occupies one room, and rents out the other three. The rental income covers all housing costs.
The Basement Dweller: Casey acquires a home with a separate basement apartment. Living in the basement, Casey rents out the main floor, using the rent to pay the mortgage and save for future investments.
These examples highlight how you can house hack to adapt to different housing markets, personal living preferences, and financial goals. Whether you’re drawn to the idea of living rent-free, eager to dive into real estate investment, or looking for a way to reduce your housing expenses, house hacking offers a practical path to achieving your objectives.
Tailoring the Strategy to Your Lifestyle
Choosing the right house hacking approach depends on your lifestyle, financial goals, and how comfortable you are sharing your space. Considerations include the type of investment property, your desired level of interaction with tenants, and local market conditions. The key is to find a balance that works for you, ensuring your home remains a comfortable place for you while optimizing its income potential.
By embracing the concept of house hacking, you can transform your approach to homeownership, turning a typically expensive part of your life into a source of income. With careful planning and a bit of creativity, your journey towards financial independence might just start at your own front door.
Benefits of House Hacking
House hacking isn’t just a real estate strategy; it’s a lifestyle adjustment that opens doors to numerous financial and personal benefits. Let’s dive into the advantages, supported by real-world examples and data, to understand why so many are turning to house hacking as a way to improve their financial health.
Financial Freedom Faster
One of the most compelling benefits of house hacking is the accelerated path it provides toward financial freedom. By significantly reducing or eliminating one of life’s largest expenses—housing—you can allocate funds towards paying down debt, investing, or saving for future goals.
For instance, consider the case of Sam, who purchased a triplex, lived in one unit, and rented out the other two. The rental income not only covered the mortgage but also allowed Sam to save an additional $1,000 a month. This extra savings contributed to Sam’s ability to retire early, a dream that seemed unreachable before house hacking.
Access to Better Financing Options
House hackers often enjoy more favorable financing terms. Owner-occupants can qualify for lower down payments and better interest rates compared to traditional investment property loans.
For example, an FHA loan might require as little as 3.5% down for a multi-unit property, provided one of the units will be owner-occupied. This lower barrier to entry makes real estate investment accessible to more people. Data shows that owner-occupied financing options can save homeowners thousands of dollars over the life of a loan, making the investment in house hacking even more appealing.
Learning the Ropes of Real Estate Investing
House hacking serves as an invaluable hands-on education in real estate investing and property management. This benefit is difficult to quantify, but incredibly valuable.
Take Angela, who started her real estate journey through house hacking. By managing her duplex, Angela gained firsthand experience in screening tenants, handling maintenance issues, and understanding the financial aspects of real estate investments. This knowledge empowered her to expand her portfolio and become a full-time real estate investor.
Tax Advantages
House hacking can also lead to potential tax deductions, including mortgage interest, property taxes, and expenses related to renting out part of your home. These deductions can significantly lower your taxable income.
For example, let’s say John allocates 50% of his property’s square footage to tenant use. John can deduct 50% of the mortgage interest, property taxes, and maintenance expenses on his tax return, providing a substantial financial benefit at the end of the fiscal year.
Building Wealth Over Time
House hacking stands out not just for its immediate financial relief on living expenses but also for its profound long-term impact on wealth accumulation. By strategically applying rental income towards mortgage payments, those who house hack effectively build equity without dipping into personal savings. This method of leveraging other people’s money accelerates wealth building, offering a tangible path to increasing net worth over the years.
Instead of allocating a significant portion of their income towards housing, house hackers can redirect these funds into savings, investments, or debt reduction. This shift not only enhances financial security but also amplifies the potential for future financial growth
While outcomes can vary based on numerous factors like market dynamics and property management, the foundational strategy of house hacking provides a compelling approach to financial independence and wealth building.
Case Studies That Inspire
The real magic of house hacking comes alive through the stories of those who’ve embraced it. From the young professional who used house hacking to eliminate student debt to the couple that built a real estate empire starting with a single house hack, these narratives underscore the transformative power of this strategy.
By analyzing their journeys, we uncover a common thread—a strategic approach to living and real estate investing that turns conventional wisdom on its head and opens up new possibilities for financial independence.
Exploring Your Options: Five House Hacking Strategies
So, now that you understand what housing hacking is and what the benefits are, how do you get started? Well, depending on your goals, here are four different ways you can go about it.
1. Rent out a portion of your home
The most common way to get started house hacking is by buying a home and then renting out a portion of it. For instance, if you bought a two-story home, you could rent out the downstairs. Or, if you buy a home with a finished basement, you could live upstairs and rent out the basement.
This house hacking strategy is good in low-cost living areas because the rental income could actually cover your monthly mortgage payments. However, this may not work out in parts of the country that have a high cost of living.
2. Rent out your home entirely
If renting out a portion of your home isn’t enough to move the needle financially, then you could try renting your entire house. This could be a suitable option for anyone who is young and able to find an alternative, affordable living situation.
For instance, if you could temporarily live in a trailer or rent an apartment with a roommate, you could rent out your home for more money. This would allow you to pay off the house and cover your monthly rent payments.
3. Rent out by the room
If you’re just looking for a little extra money every month and don’t want to sacrifice the majority of your home, you could just try renting out one room. For instance, if you have a large four-bedroom home, you could rent out one room.
This gives you some extra money to put toward your mortgage payments, but you still get to enjoy the benefits of being a homeowner.
4. Rent out an additional unit
Many of the options on this list are ideal for young, single people. But what if you’re married and have a family? In that case, the idea of living with full-time roommates might not interest you.
If so, you could buy a multifamily property and rent out the other units. You could also rent out units attached to your home. This could be a unit that either comes with the house or one that you build yourself.
This will take some effort because you’ll need to fix it up and turn it into a space someone would want to rent. But if you have the interest, this could be the best way to house hack your primary residence while still protecting your family’s personal space.
5. Do a live-in flip
Live-in flipping is a popular real estate investment strategy where the investor purchases a residential property and lives in it while making improvements to increase the property’s value. The investor will then resell the property at a higher price than they originally paid for it, resulting in a profit. This strategy is often used by investors who are looking to build equity quickly.
Living in the property allows you to get to know the neighborhood, research the local market, and avoid paying rent while working on the property. The improvements you make can include anything from painting and landscaping to remodeling the interior of the home.
Legal and Tax Implications of House Hacking
Venturing into house hacking offers financial benefits but also introduces a set of legal and tax considerations that are crucial for a successful strategy. Here’s a concise overview to guide you through these aspects:
Local Zoning Laws
Zoning Requirements: Check your local zoning ordinances to ensure that your house hacking plans comply with regulations regarding rental properties, especially if you intend to modify a single-family home into a multi-unit property.
Permits: Obtain any necessary permits for renovations or conversions to avoid legal issues and ensure the safety and legality of your property for tenants.
Tax Benefits and Liabilities
Rental Income Reporting: Understand that rental income must be reported on your tax returns. Proper documentation of income and expenses is essential for accurate reporting.
Deductible Expenses: Familiarize yourself with what can be deducted, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, maintenance costs, insurance, and depreciation. These deductions can significantly reduce your taxable income.
Capital Gains: If you sell your property for a profit, be aware of capital gains tax. Living in the property for two of the five years before selling can qualify you for an exclusion on capital gains tax up to a certain limit.
Compliance with Landlord-Tenant Laws
Legal Responsibilities: As a landlord, you’ll need to adhere to state and federal laws regarding tenant rights, fair housing, and safety standards. This includes understanding eviction procedures, security deposit regulations, and the requirement for habitable living conditions.
Proper Reporting and Documentation
Keeping Records: Maintain meticulous records of all financial transactions, leases, and communications with tenants. This documentation will be vital for tax purposes and in the event of legal disputes.
Professional Advice
Consultation: Given the complexity of tax laws and real estate regulations, consulting with a tax professional and a real estate attorney can provide tailored advice and ensure you’re maximizing your benefits while minimizing legal risks.
House Hacking Checklist: Preparing for Success
House hacking requires careful planning and consideration. To ensure you’re well-prepared, we’ve compiled a comprehensive checklist. This guide will help you work through the initial stages, make informed decisions, and set you up for a successful house hacking experience.
1. Assess Your Financial Readiness
Evaluate Your Financial Health: Check your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and savings. Your financial stability will affect loan approval and interest rates.
Budget for Upfront Costs: Calculate potential down payments, closing costs, renovation expenses, and an emergency fund for unexpected repairs.
2. Understand Financing Options
Research Loan Types: Familiarize yourself with different mortgage options, including FHA loans, conventional loans, and VA loans, if applicable.
Pre-Approval: Before house hunting, get pre-approved for a mortgage to understand how much you can afford and demonstrate your seriousness to sellers.
3. Choose the Right Property
Analyze the Potential ROI: When selecting a property, assess key return on investment (ROI) metrics, including cash flow, cash-on-cash return, net operating income (NOI), and cap rate. These metrics will help you understand the financial performance and potential profitability of the property.
Location: Select a location with high rental demand, considering factors like proximity to schools, employment centers, and public transportation.
Property Type: Decide whether a single-family home, multifamily property, or another type of property, suits your goals and budget best.
Condition: Be realistic about the amount of work you can handle. A fixer-upper may offer a higher return but requires more investment upfront.
4. Plan for Landlord Responsibilities
Understand Landlord-Tenant Laws: Research local laws regarding landlord responsibilities, eviction processes, and tenant rights.
Create a Lease Agreement: Draft a clear and comprehensive lease agreement that outlines rent, rules, and responsibilities. Consider seeking the advice of a legal professional.
5. Prepare for Property Management
Tenant Screening: Develop a process for screening tenants, including credit and background checks, to ensure reliability and compatibility.
Maintenance and Repairs: Plan for regular maintenance and emergency repairs. Consider whether you’ll handle repairs yourself or hire professionals.
6. Consider Privacy and Lifestyle Changes
Set Boundaries: Think about how you’ll maintain privacy and manage shared spaces, especially if renting out part of your primary residence.
Adjust Expectations: Living with tenants or managing a rental property can bring challenges. Be prepared for a lifestyle adjustment.
7. Develop an Exit Strategy
Long-Term Goals: Consider your long-term real estate and financial goals. How does house hacking fit into your broader investment strategy?
Resale Considerations: Keep potential resale value in mind when choosing and maintaining your property. Making wise improvements can enhance future profitability.
8. Continuous Learning
Educate Yourself: Real estate and property management are complex fields. Continually seek knowledge through books, podcasts, and networking with experienced investors.
This checklist is your starting point for a thoughtful and structured approach to house hacking. By addressing each item, you’re laying a solid foundation for your real estate investment journey, poised to navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of this strategic endeavor.
Bottom Line
House hacking is a creative way to pay off your mortgage, improve your monthly cash flow, and gain real estate experience. You can begin house hacking as a way to earn a little extra cash every month, or you could treat it like a long-term real estate investment strategy. You can put as much or as little into it as you want.
Just make sure you do your due diligence before getting started. Make any necessary adjustments to the house, choose your tenants carefully, and take your responsibilities as a landlord seriously. This allows you to make the most of your house hacking experience.
Imagine slashing your monthly mortgage payment to zero or, better yet, turning a profit from the very place you call home. This isn’t a daydream for the financially savvy few; it’s the reality of house hacking.
Through the eyes of those who’ve made it work, house hacking transforms your living situation into an opportunity for financial freedom. From young professionals to families, people across the country are finding that their biggest expense—housing—can actually become their biggest asset.
What is house hacking?
House hacking is a strategy that involves purchasing a primary residence with the intention of living in one part while renting out the rest as a rental property. This could mean buying a multifamily home and living in one unit, renting out the others, or even renting out spare bedrooms in a single-family home. The rent collected from tenants goes towards the mortgage and other property-related expenses, potentially allowing the owner to live for free or even make a profit.
A Spectrum of Possibilities
The beauty of house hacking lies in its flexibility. Here are a few scenarios to illustrate its range:
The Multi-Unit Maven: Alex buys a duplex, lives in one unit, and rents out the other. The rent from the second unit covers the mortgage, meaning Alex lives mortgage-free.
The Single-Family Sharer: Jamie purchases a four-bedroom house, occupies one room, and rents out the other three. The rental income covers all housing costs.
The Basement Dweller: Casey acquires a home with a separate basement apartment. Living in the basement, Casey rents out the main floor, using the rent to pay the mortgage and save for future investments.
These examples highlight how you can house hack to adapt to different housing markets, personal living preferences, and financial goals. Whether you’re drawn to the idea of living rent-free, eager to dive into real estate investment, or looking for a way to reduce your housing expenses, house hacking offers a practical path to achieving your objectives.
Tailoring the Strategy to Your Lifestyle
Choosing the right house hacking approach depends on your lifestyle, financial goals, and how comfortable you are sharing your space. Considerations include the type of investment property, your desired level of interaction with tenants, and local market conditions. The key is to find a balance that works for you, ensuring your home remains a comfortable place for you while optimizing its income potential.
By embracing the concept of house hacking, you can transform your approach to homeownership, turning a typically expensive part of your life into a source of income. With careful planning and a bit of creativity, your journey towards financial independence might just start at your own front door.
Benefits of House Hacking
House hacking isn’t just a real estate strategy; it’s a lifestyle adjustment that opens doors to numerous financial and personal benefits. Let’s dive into the advantages, supported by real-world examples and data, to understand why so many are turning to house hacking as a way to improve their financial health.
Financial Freedom Faster
One of the most compelling benefits of house hacking is the accelerated path it provides toward financial freedom. By significantly reducing or eliminating one of life’s largest expenses—housing—you can allocate funds towards paying down debt, investing, or saving for future goals.
For instance, consider the case of Sam, who purchased a triplex, lived in one unit, and rented out the other two. The rental income not only covered the mortgage but also allowed Sam to save an additional $1,000 a month. This extra savings contributed to Sam’s ability to retire early, a dream that seemed unreachable before house hacking.
Access to Better Financing Options
House hackers often enjoy more favorable financing terms. Owner-occupants can qualify for lower down payments and better interest rates compared to traditional investment property loans.
For example, an FHA loan might require as little as 3.5% down for a multi-unit property, provided one of the units will be owner-occupied. This lower barrier to entry makes real estate investment accessible to more people. Data shows that owner-occupied financing options can save homeowners thousands of dollars over the life of a loan, making the investment in house hacking even more appealing.
Learning the Ropes of Real Estate Investing
House hacking serves as an invaluable hands-on education in real estate investing and property management. This benefit is difficult to quantify, but incredibly valuable.
Take Angela, who started her real estate journey through house hacking. By managing her duplex, Angela gained firsthand experience in screening tenants, handling maintenance issues, and understanding the financial aspects of real estate investments. This knowledge empowered her to expand her portfolio and become a full-time real estate investor.
Tax Advantages
House hacking can also lead to potential tax deductions, including mortgage interest, property taxes, and expenses related to renting out part of your home. These deductions can significantly lower your taxable income.
For example, let’s say John allocates 50% of his property’s square footage to tenant use. John can deduct 50% of the mortgage interest, property taxes, and maintenance expenses on his tax return, providing a substantial financial benefit at the end of the fiscal year.
Building Wealth Over Time
House hacking stands out not just for its immediate financial relief on living expenses but also for its profound long-term impact on wealth accumulation. By strategically applying rental income towards mortgage payments, those who house hack effectively build equity without dipping into personal savings. This method of leveraging other people’s money accelerates wealth building, offering a tangible path to increasing net worth over the years.
Instead of allocating a significant portion of their income towards housing, house hackers can redirect these funds into savings, investments, or debt reduction. This shift not only enhances financial security but also amplifies the potential for future financial growth
While outcomes can vary based on numerous factors like market dynamics and property management, the foundational strategy of house hacking provides a compelling approach to financial independence and wealth building.
Case Studies That Inspire
The real magic of house hacking comes alive through the stories of those who’ve embraced it. From the young professional who used house hacking to eliminate student debt to the couple that built a real estate empire starting with a single house hack, these narratives underscore the transformative power of this strategy.
By analyzing their journeys, we uncover a common thread—a strategic approach to living and real estate investing that turns conventional wisdom on its head and opens up new possibilities for financial independence.
Exploring Your Options: Five House Hacking Strategies
So, now that you understand what housing hacking is and what the benefits are, how do you get started? Well, depending on your goals, here are four different ways you can go about it.
1. Rent out a portion of your home
The most common way to get started house hacking is by buying a home and then renting out a portion of it. For instance, if you bought a two-story home, you could rent out the downstairs. Or, if you buy a home with a finished basement, you could live upstairs and rent out the basement.
This house hacking strategy is good in low-cost living areas because the rental income could actually cover your monthly mortgage payments. However, this may not work out in parts of the country that have a high cost of living.
2. Rent out your home entirely
If renting out a portion of your home isn’t enough to move the needle financially, then you could try renting your entire house. This could be a suitable option for anyone who is young and able to find an alternative, affordable living situation.
For instance, if you could temporarily live in a trailer or rent an apartment with a roommate, you could rent out your home for more money. This would allow you to pay off the house and cover your monthly rent payments.
3. Rent out by the room
If you’re just looking for a little extra money every month and don’t want to sacrifice the majority of your home, you could just try renting out one room. For instance, if you have a large four-bedroom home, you could rent out one room.
This gives you some extra money to put toward your mortgage payments, but you still get to enjoy the benefits of being a homeowner.
4. Rent out an additional unit
Many of the options on this list are ideal for young, single people. But what if you’re married and have a family? In that case, the idea of living with full-time roommates might not interest you.
If so, you could buy a multifamily property and rent out the other units. You could also rent out units attached to your home. This could be a unit that either comes with the house or one that you build yourself.
This will take some effort because you’ll need to fix it up and turn it into a space someone would want to rent. But if you have the interest, this could be the best way to house hack your primary residence while still protecting your family’s personal space.
5. Do a live-in flip
Live-in flipping is a popular real estate investment strategy where the investor purchases a residential property and lives in it while making improvements to increase the property’s value. The investor will then resell the property at a higher price than they originally paid for it, resulting in a profit. This strategy is often used by investors who are looking to build equity quickly.
Living in the property allows you to get to know the neighborhood, research the local market, and avoid paying rent while working on the property. The improvements you make can include anything from painting and landscaping to remodeling the interior of the home.
Legal and Tax Implications of House Hacking
Venturing into house hacking offers financial benefits but also introduces a set of legal and tax considerations that are crucial for a successful strategy. Here’s a concise overview to guide you through these aspects:
Local Zoning Laws
Zoning Requirements: Check your local zoning ordinances to ensure that your house hacking plans comply with regulations regarding rental properties, especially if you intend to modify a single-family home into a multi-unit property.
Permits: Obtain any necessary permits for renovations or conversions to avoid legal issues and ensure the safety and legality of your property for tenants.
Tax Benefits and Liabilities
Rental Income Reporting: Understand that rental income must be reported on your tax returns. Proper documentation of income and expenses is essential for accurate reporting.
Deductible Expenses: Familiarize yourself with what can be deducted, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, maintenance costs, insurance, and depreciation. These deductions can significantly reduce your taxable income.
Capital Gains: If you sell your property for a profit, be aware of capital gains tax. Living in the property for two of the five years before selling can qualify you for an exclusion on capital gains tax up to a certain limit.
Compliance with Landlord-Tenant Laws
Legal Responsibilities: As a landlord, you’ll need to adhere to state and federal laws regarding tenant rights, fair housing, and safety standards. This includes understanding eviction procedures, security deposit regulations, and the requirement for habitable living conditions.
Proper Reporting and Documentation
Keeping Records: Maintain meticulous records of all financial transactions, leases, and communications with tenants. This documentation will be vital for tax purposes and in the event of legal disputes.
Professional Advice
Consultation: Given the complexity of tax laws and real estate regulations, consulting with a tax professional and a real estate attorney can provide tailored advice and ensure you’re maximizing your benefits while minimizing legal risks.
House Hacking Checklist: Preparing for Success
House hacking requires careful planning and consideration. To ensure you’re well-prepared, we’ve compiled a comprehensive checklist. This guide will help you work through the initial stages, make informed decisions, and set you up for a successful house hacking experience.
1. Assess Your Financial Readiness
Evaluate Your Financial Health: Check your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and savings. Your financial stability will affect loan approval and interest rates.
Budget for Upfront Costs: Calculate potential down payments, closing costs, renovation expenses, and an emergency fund for unexpected repairs.
2. Understand Financing Options
Research Loan Types: Familiarize yourself with different mortgage options, including FHA loans, conventional loans, and VA loans, if applicable.
Pre-Approval: Before house hunting, get pre-approved for a mortgage to understand how much you can afford and demonstrate your seriousness to sellers.
3. Choose the Right Property
Analyze the Potential ROI: When selecting a property, assess key return on investment (ROI) metrics, including cash flow, cash-on-cash return, net operating income (NOI), and cap rate. These metrics will help you understand the financial performance and potential profitability of the property.
Location: Select a location with high rental demand, considering factors like proximity to schools, employment centers, and public transportation.
Property Type: Decide whether a single-family home, multifamily property, or another type of property, suits your goals and budget best.
Condition: Be realistic about the amount of work you can handle. A fixer-upper may offer a higher return but requires more investment upfront.
4. Plan for Landlord Responsibilities
Understand Landlord-Tenant Laws: Research local laws regarding landlord responsibilities, eviction processes, and tenant rights.
Create a Lease Agreement: Draft a clear and comprehensive lease agreement that outlines rent, rules, and responsibilities. Consider seeking the advice of a legal professional.
5. Prepare for Property Management
Tenant Screening: Develop a process for screening tenants, including credit and background checks, to ensure reliability and compatibility.
Maintenance and Repairs: Plan for regular maintenance and emergency repairs. Consider whether you’ll handle repairs yourself or hire professionals.
6. Consider Privacy and Lifestyle Changes
Set Boundaries: Think about how you’ll maintain privacy and manage shared spaces, especially if renting out part of your primary residence.
Adjust Expectations: Living with tenants or managing a rental property can bring challenges. Be prepared for a lifestyle adjustment.
7. Develop an Exit Strategy
Long-Term Goals: Consider your long-term real estate and financial goals. How does house hacking fit into your broader investment strategy?
Resale Considerations: Keep potential resale value in mind when choosing and maintaining your property. Making wise improvements can enhance future profitability.
8. Continuous Learning
Educate Yourself: Real estate and property management are complex fields. Continually seek knowledge through books, podcasts, and networking with experienced investors.
This checklist is your starting point for a thoughtful and structured approach to house hacking. By addressing each item, you’re laying a solid foundation for your real estate investment journey, poised to navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of this strategic endeavor.
Bottom Line
House hacking is a creative way to pay off your mortgage, improve your monthly cash flow, and gain real estate experience. You can begin house hacking as a way to earn a little extra cash every month, or you could treat it like a long-term real estate investment strategy. You can put as much or as little into it as you want.
Just make sure you do your due diligence before getting started. Make any necessary adjustments to the house, choose your tenants carefully, and take your responsibilities as a landlord seriously. This allows you to make the most of your house hacking experience.