Will the Department of Justice (DOJ) and new regulations make selling houses harder and more expensive? The landscape as we know it is poised for some dramatic shifts, and I want to unpack what that means for home buyers, sellers, agents, and investors. While we do not know for sure what will happen the DOJ has given many hints as to what they want to happen. The DOJ may think what they are doing is helping consumers, in my opinion it will do the opposite if these ideas come to fruition.
Table of Contents
Video: How the DOJ is Making Buying and Selling Houses Much Harder and More Expensive
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The Disappearance of Open Houses
One of the potential changes is the disappearance of open houses. This traditional method of showcasing properties might become much harder to execute, which could complicate the buying and selling process. The intention behind these changes is to lower costs and make it cheaper for buyers. However, the reality might be quite the opposite, making it more expensive and challenging for buyers to purchase homes, ultimately impacting sellers and agents negatively.
One of the major changes the DOJ wants to see implemented is all buyers must have a buyers agency agreement signed with an agent before viewing homes for sale. It has been rumored the DOJ does not want buyers and sellers working with the same agent which could make open houses very difficutl!
Government Intervention and Lawsuits
A significant driving force behind these changes is the involvement of the Department of Justice (DOJ). Previously, I discussed some lawsuits from home buyers and sellers against the National Association of Realtors (NAR) and other agencies. What I didn’t realize then was the extent of the DOJ’s involvement. They have been working on these lawsuits from the beginning, essentially approving or disapproving changes that could alter laws and regulations across states.
Commission Transparency on the Chopping Block
One of the most contentious issues is the DOJ’s push to remove buyer commissions from being listed on the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) and other sources as well. Traditionally, the seller pays both their listing broker and the buyer’s broker, making it easier for buyers who might not have the funds to pay their agent directly. The DOJ’s stance is that this information should not be visible, aiming to avoid the misconception that buyer agents are “free” for buyers, even though their commissions come from the seller’s proceeds.
Should You Sell Your House Yourself? (For Sale By Owner)
The Impact on Agents and the Industry
This move has stirred a lot of debate, as it fundamentally changes how transactions have been handled. Buyers will now likely have to sign a buyer agency agreement, committing to an agent and agreeing on their compensation before even seeing a property. This could make open houses and for-sale-by-owner situations much more complicated. Furthermore, there’s talk about potentially banning dual agency, where an agent represents both the buyer and seller, adding another layer of complexity.
How Much Money Do Real Estate Agents Make Their First Year?
The Economics of Regulation
Many believe these changes could weed out less competitive agents and streamline the industry. However, basic economic principles suggest otherwise. Reduced competition typically leads to higher prices, not lower. With fewer agents and more complicated processes, costs are likely to rise. Agents might start charging more due to the increased complexity and reduced competition.
Federal vs. State Control
The DOJ’s involvement also raises concerns about federal overreach. Traditionally, states have had the authority to regulate real estate practices within their borders. Now, the federal government seems to be stepping in, overriding state laws and regulations, which could lead to a one-size-fits-all approach that might not be suitable for every market.
Potential Consequences for Buyers and Sellers
For buyers, this could mean higher out-of-pocket expenses, as they might have to pay their agent’s commission directly, on top of other closing costs. This change could particularly affect first-time buyers or those with limited financial resources. Sellers might feel pressured to still offer commissions to make their properties attractive, but the lack of transparency could create confusion and miscommunication.
The Broader Economic Impact
Real estate has long been a cornerstone of wealth building in the United States. Making the buying process more complicated and expensive could hinder people from purchasing homes, leading to fewer homeowners and more renters. This shift could drive up rental prices and decrease housing affordability overall, impacting the broader economy and wealth distribution.
The Road Ahead
As these changes loom closer, the real estate industry must brace for a period of adjustment. The outcomes are still uncertain, and the industry will need to adapt quickly to navigate the new rules and regulations. The hope is that these changes, though challenging, will eventually lead to a more transparent and fair market for all participants.
In the meantime, if you have any questions or comments, feel free to share. I will continue to keep you updated on these developments and provide insights into how they might impact your real estate ventures. Stay tuned for more videos and updates on real estate trends, my flips, rentals, and other projects.
Why do you think? Let me know in the comments below.
The Alliance of Comprehensive Planners (ACP), a trade association for financial planners, will be holding its annual conference this October in Savannah, Georgia, and the event will feature two of the nation’s leading reverse mortgage lenders as key sponsors.
Plano, Texas-based Finance of America (FOA), currently the industry leader in the reverse mortgage space, and Paramus, New Jersey-based reverse mortgage lender and servicer Longbridge Financial will be sponsoring the event. The ACP annual conference is primarily designed for “tax-focused, fiduciary financial advisors who provide comprehensive wealth building strategies for their clients on a commission-free retainer basis,” according to an announcement of the event.
A full agenda has not yet been released, but keynote speakers include financial planning professionals who will speak about business topics relevant to the profession. The organization said it expects “over 100 members to attend this year’s conference — in addition to other advisors, partners, sponsors, vendors, and journalists.”
The presence of two reverse mortgage industry leaders at the event conforms with a stated desire across the industry to cultivate more solid and productive referral relationships with financial planner professionals. These professionals are a key constituency that reverse mortgage industry members believe can help to cultivate new business opportunities.
At The Gathering by HousingWire this past April in Scottsdale, Arizona, FOA President Kristen Sieffert suggested bringing more financial planners up to speed on reverse mortgage product mechanics.
She felt these professionals could potentially advise their senior clients about the use of a reverse mortgage to protect against sequence-of-returns risk, where a reverse mortgage line of credit is tapped in times of market volatility until an investment portfolio stabilizes.
FOA has also performed outreach to financial planners through its vice president of retirement strategies, Steve Resch. He recently told HousingWire’s Reverse Mortgage Daily (RMD) about how the industry’s conversations with financial planners have changed over the past few years.
In a 2022 interview with RMD, Longbridge CEO Chris Mayer explained the importance of facilitating reverse mortgage conversations between financial planners and their clients.
“For financial advisers to really learn and understand the products for them, to meet groups of people to talk with elder care attorneys or real estate agents, many of those are local conversations,” Mayer said. “And to be able to have that kind of impact, you’ve got to have people around the country who are able to […] have people who can have those on-the-ground conversations.”
According to Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) volume data compiled by Reverse Market Insight (RMI), FOA maintained the first-place position among the nation’s reverse mortgage lenders with 7,784 endorsements in the 12-month period ending May 31. Longbridge was No. 3 with 2,972 endorsements during the same period.
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What do you think of when I say, “smart with money”?
Do you remember any significant life events such as landing your first job after college or signing up for a lucrative opportunity to invest in the stock market?
Most likely not.
Because those didn’t happen until later on in life and we were already smart with our money by then. But there was no rocket science behind it: we just learned about saving and investing early on and took action that eventually yielded positive results.
And if you didn’t, there is no need to fret. You are in the right place and everyone has to start somewhere.
It’s not long before you start to wonder how much richer your life and bank account would be if you had started earlier.
So, let’s do a reality check: what is the difference between investing 10 minutes per day and putting $10 into an investment each month?
A sensible answer would be that investing 10 minutes per day is worth $1,000 in a year.
Your time has value and you are getting richer by the minute!
So, what are you waiting for?
Let’s learn how to be smart with money.
How to Be Smart with Money
Money touches nearly everything we do in our modern society.
It’s what keeps the wheels of commerce turning and enables people to get by without physical labor, so it is important that you know how to manage your finances well.
To be smart with money means understanding its power and spending on what matters most for your life goals.
You need to make sure you are paying for your day-to-day expenses while saving for emergencies, retirement plans, and long-term investments like a home or college education.
Money helps us to achieve our goals and dreams, increase our quality of life, and buy everything we need or want.
If you’re just starting out with your finances then this article is for you! I will give some basic steps on how to be smart with money.
In other words, this article is a crash course on how to make your money work for you! You’ll learn what financial independence means and why it’s important to have a large enough nest egg. Read more now!
Why You Need to be Smart with Money
This is exactly how can I be wise with money.
The most important thing is to cultivate the habit of saving money. The fact that you are reading this article likely means that you understand how important it is, but if not then it’s time for some serious change! If your goal in life is security and doing something meaningful with your life, then building wealth will be a significant step towards achieving those goals.
When we have enough money saved up, we can start investing our funds into different assets such as stocks or real estate so that they grow and compound. The more money we have, the more freedom and control we will gain over our lives.
There are many ways to be smart with money. Here are some suggestions that can help you save, invest, or earn more money.
7 Steps to Be Smart with money
It’s not easy to be smart with money, but it is possible.
Start by building a budget and identifying your spending habits. It takes time and hard work, but once you’re on track for saving money consistently over the long-term, you will find yourself in a much better position financially than those who are constantly struggling or living paycheck to paycheck.
Here are the exact steps to follow:
Step #1: Set Goals
Set goals for yourself. It’s important to have clear, measurable, attainable goals that you will be able to achieve in order to keep your motivation up when you are working towards them.
In order to have a better future, it is necessary to start saving for the future now and not wait any longer.
Set goals and save money every month so that when your goal is achieved, you can spend more time enjoying what life has in store for you.
In order to set goals, it is best to reflect on what you want in your life.
What do you want to know?
Who do you want to be?
What do you want to experience?
What is your purpose in life and how will this help you get what you want?
It’s also important to make a plan for achieving these goals.
For instance, if you want to be a millionaire, what are some steps that you can take today? Maybe it means getting more education or saving up for retirement.
You have the power to set goals and make plans to achieve them.
Action Step: Dig deeper into making smart financial goals.
Step #2: Managing your Budget
A budget can be a valuable tool for managing your money and preventing financial stress.
More importantly, to become smart with money is to create a budget that you can follow. You should also save your money, especially if you want to build wealth.
Managing your budget is a step-by-step process that requires you to have a budget.
You should start by setting up a spreadsheet to track your income and expenses. The next step is to create a budget that reflects your financial situation. You can use an online Google Sheet, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, or personal finance software like Quicken.
Action Step: Dig deeper into how to make a budget.
Step #3: Paying Off Debts (non-mortgage debts)
Dealing with debt is difficult enough, but it can be made easier by paying off your monthly payments.
Paying off debts is the process of getting rid of outstanding debt and freeing up cash flow. This can be done by creating a plan to get out of debt, avoid taking on smaller manageable debts or simply by not spending as much.
Pay off your high interest debt first, such as credit cards and loans. This will help reduce the amount of interest you pay each month.
When you are able to pay off your debts on a regular basis, the interest rates will go down and this will save money in the long run.
Paying off debt faster and building wealth is easier than ever by following this action step below.
Action Step: Dig deeper into how to get out of debt.
Step #4: Save More Money
Save more money is a step in the process of achieving financial independence.
Saving money and building wealth is something that anyone can do. Once you get into the habit of saving money, it becomes easier to increase your savings rate or build up an emergency fund.
This step involves taking on additional work and increasing your income so that you can save more. By saving more money, you will be able to reach financial independence faster.
It is important to create an emergency fund and invest in a money market account. This allows you to save for future goals and emergencies with less risk, as well as build wealth faster.
Action Step: Pick a money saving challenge for you!
Step #5: Track Expenses
Track expenses is a phrase that means to collect or record the money that you spend on various things over a given period of time. This includes bills, groceries, and anything else expenditure-related.
Track your spending or review debit/credit card transactions and receipts to begin to understand where your money is going.
This will help you stay on top of what you are spending so that you can be more efficient with your finances.
Track your spending habits to find the big leaks in your wallet. You should know what you are spending money on, where it is going and how much you spend.
For at least a month, track your expenses in order to get a better understanding of where you can save. This will help you set goals and make conscious decisions about money management.
Action Step: Try a no spend month to prioritize your spending.
Pick a money saving challenge for you!
Step #6 – Increase Income
There are numerous ways to increase your income. You can increase your income by working more hours, starting a side business, or taking on additional responsibilities at work.
The fastest way is to think of businesses, products, or services that people want – use Google to find the products and advertise your niche. The benefit of working for yourself is there are no income limits on what you can make.
Many people want to make money online, but most of them need help figuring out how to do it.
To start, you need to figure out what your skills are and then find a niche that is in demand. For example, if you have good writing skills, it might be best for you to try blogging or find freelance work.
Don’t give up. If you want to make a lot of money, you have to put in the time and effort!
Action Step: Find ways to make money fast.
Step # 7: Invest Wisely
Investing wisely is the act of making investments that will provide positive returns.
Investing in stocks, bonds, or other types of securities can be risky, but it can also make you rich. Investing wisely means understanding the risks and rewards of your investment.
If someone asked you, “What is the smartest thing to do with your money?” The loud answer is to invest money consistently.
Investing early on and taking action eventually yielded positive results.
Investing is a marathon and not a sprint, so we need to start small and take it one day at a time.
Investing in a variety of assets is the best way to maximize your returns. Invest only in what you know and understand, invest for the long term, and diversify investments.
Action Step: Learn how much you can make in stocks.
10 Simple Smart Money Tips
On Reddit personal finance, you can find hundreds of answers to what is a money smart person, which is great but can be overwhelming.
Smart money tips are a great way to build wealth and get rich faster. These smart money tips will help you learn more about personal finance, save time on your monthly expenses, and grow savings for the future.
Here are specific ways you can become money smart today:
1. Build an Emergency Fund
An emergency fund is a savings account that’s been set aside for the unexpected.
It is used to cover emergencies, such as car repairs or medical emergencies, and can also be used when you have a job that doesn’t offer health insurance.
It’s important to set up an emergency fund because unexpected situations can happen at any time, and you won’t be able to use your credit cards or other debt to pay for them.
2. Save for Larger Purchases and Expenses
Save for larger purchases and expenses is a financial planning strategy that entails saving a certain amount of money each month to put towards future, much bigger purchases or expenses.
It’s important not to spend all of the money you save, as it’s possible that the future expense will not come to fruition.
This is exactly how you stay out of debt.
3. Steer Clear of Debt
Keep your debt low, and pay it off when you can.
Good debt is debt that will help you reach your goals in the future or help build a business. Bad debt is debt that you will not be able to pay back, and if you default on this type of debt, it can have a huge impact on your credit score.
To get out of debt, figure out how much you owe on various debts and decide what to do with the money.
4. Start Investing for Retirement
Many people have a hard time saving for retirement. This is unfortunate because of the power of compound interest, which means that you will earn more money on your investment over time.
Start saving 15% of your income as soon as you can for retirement. This will allow for passive income later in life.
The best way to start investing for retirement is by setting up a Roth IRA.
You can then invest your money with low or no fees and earn tax-free returns until you retire.
This means every time you get a raise, put that extra cash into an account that will be used for your retirement.
5. How to Save for Kids’ College
There are a few different ways to save for kids’ college. One way is to pay for their education through a 529 plan, which is a tax-advantaged savings account that allows you to save for college expenses. Another way is to use a mix of tax-advantaged and taxable investments like an IRA or 401(k), which will take some time to build up your savings but will allow you to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other investments that are safe for retirement.
The best way to save for your kids’ college is to start saving early.
Also, you need to check out this scholarship program to lower the cost of college.
6. Find a Good Credit Card
Credit cards offer the best interest rates on purchases, and they’re easy to find with little risk. Apply for one that charges no annual fees and offers a balance transfer promotion.
Even better, you want a credit card that offers you cash back on your purchases.
7. Talk about Money
In order to be smart with money, it’s important that you talk about finances and learn from them. You can normalize talking and learning about finance by using a planner or financial statements.
It also helps to meet up with other people who have similar values in the community so they can help support your journey towards wealth building.
By talking openly about finances and learning how to be smart with money, it helps people get wealthy.
8. Learn about Money
Money is a topic that most people know little to nothing about, and it can be hard to get started.
However, Money Bliss provides some helpful tips on how you can begin building your wealth in the simplest way possible.
Wealthy people are getting richer by staying up to date with money matters.
Building wealth starts with thinking about your finances the right way. It’s not about losing weight or running a marathon; it’s about how we use the resources we’re given and the smart money management skills we need to get what we want out of life.
9. Know the Purpose of Money
Most people believe that it is “the key to happiness” to have enough money, but studies show this is not true.
We know money does not buy happiness, but it doesn’t mean you should live without it.
In fact, you need to know how money helps you find time freedom.
Time freedom is a relativity new concept; yet, it is the driver behind finding happiness with money.
10. Be Aware
Awareness of spending habits, saving, and donations are all examples of smart money skills.
By understanding how your current income is allocated to different expenses–including the ones you can’t control like mortgage rates or gas prices–you’ll learn what really drives your monthly budget.
When it comes to money, you should be smart about your spending habits. By doing this, you will have a better understanding of how much money is coming in and going out so that you can save more or donate more.
You should also know the difference between saving for the future vs living day-to-day expenses because these are two different things.
There are many perspectives on how to manage money. And honestly, there isn’t one opinion that dominates from another.
That is why investing in yourself to read some of the best books on how to manage money is key to long-term financial success!
While many of the concepts may be similar, there is ALWAYS something unique I learn after reading each book.
Happy reading!
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
Hands down this is one of my favorite books on how to manage money of all time.
The reason is simple.
It is easier to follow regardless of your background, knowledge of personal finance, or love/hate relationship with numbers, and money savviness.
You cannot learn how to manage money successfully without reading this book. This is one of the best gifts that you can give.
Key Takeaways – Creating your F-you fund will dramatically change your financial independence and your future.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This book by David Bach is the inspirational story you need when motivation is low to stay on budget.
You learn the secret to automatically secure your future – all through automatically saving money. This is a real system that any person can follow.
If you are struggling to stay on course and motivated, then you need to pick up this book. Once you read it, then pass it along to a friend to keep the motivational and accountability train going.
Key Takeaway – Automatically saving 10% early on will guarantee your millionaire status.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This book covers every aspect of money from debt, saving accounts, automating finances, set-it-and-forget it investment strategy, how to handle big purchases (car, house, wedding, kids) plus how to negotiate a raise at work.
These are the basic principles on how to manage money that needs to be taught in school. Call this book your beginner’s guide on managing your finances and setting yourself up for long term success!
Take control of your financial situation. By becoming active, you don’t have to continue to hold for a magically change.
Make sure you get the 2nd edition that was revised in 2019.
Key Takeaways – Ramit Sethi, the author, provides you word-for-word scripts that will save you thousands of dollars on loan interest and lowering all of your expenses. That alone is worth the $9.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
The goal is to become financially independent as quickly as possible.
This is something the author Grant Sabatier has achieved and retired at the age of 30.
He offers counter-intuitive advice about money so that you can actually live the life you want. This FI movement is picking up speed and something that you shouldn’t ignore regardless of your age.
Key Takeaways – You will not walk away from reading this book the same person.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This is what we all dream of… be set for life. Not to have to worry about the next paycheck coming in. Running out of money each month. You want money in the bank and the freedom to do what you want to do.
Become set on escaping the 9-to-5 grind and lay a solid foundation with money. According to the author, Scott Trench, you must be willing to work harder and smarter than the average person.
Find the motivation to conquer your financial goals early on.
Key Takeaway – Be prepared to start saving 50% of your income while still enjoying life’s luxuries at a younger age.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This recent release is about how you behave with money. The decisions that are made on the go and not when looking at a spreadsheet.
The book is filled with 19 short stories on how emotions play such a big part with how we handle money. Everyone handles money and investing differently and that is okay, but learning how to know what works for you.
Key Takeaway – This book is meant to be thought provoking on why we do silly things with money.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
This is the perfect book for beginners written by a (retired) millennial.
You will walk away with a solid understanding of budgeting and why tracking your net worth will boost your money management efforts.
She puts everything into simple terms and provides uncomplicated and realistic solutions to handing your finances.
Key Takeaway – This book is loaded with sass and humor, so you will find the lessons upbeat and honest to a normal dreary topic of personal finance.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
The long term reason to save money today is to not work for years. If you want a drag on your portfolio by using a financial investor, then don’t read this book.
If you want a classic guide on getting smart about the stock market and becoming financially independent, then this book is for you.
The author teaches how to make index fund investing work for you and help you to achieve your financial goals. Plus with having little risk.
Key Takeaway – The investment scene doesn’t have to be scary and confusing after learning the basics of investing and creating a simple portfolio.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
One of the best ways to build income is to become your own boss whether, through a side hustle, real estate investing, or building a business. However, too many times expenses swallow business before they ever churn a profit back to the owner.
Mike Michalowicz will lays out the Profit First Formula, which will transform any business on the way they manage money.
This is a must-read for anyone owning their own business, a board member for a corporation, or looking to start their own business. This is how you build a sustainable, no-ceiling income.
Key Takeaway – You will finally know how much you have to invest in your business and always take home a profit.
Photo Credit:
amazon.com
The last book on the top 10 best books to manage money isn’t even focused on money!
It is how we handle and deal with our stuff. Unfortunately, buying all that stuff comes at a cost and normally a big price tag. Plus the cost to maintain the stuff we already own.
The book by Joshua Becker helps you to open your eyes to a slightly different lifestyle that may change your life forever.
Key Takeaways – By learning to live with less stuff, there is more money in our budget to spend on other things or experiences.
Ready to Be Smart with Money?
Being smart with your money is about making good choices.
It’s important to know what you need and what you don’t because if you spend too much on things that aren’t necessary, you’ll never save enough to buy the things that are important to you.
Becoming rich and building wealth is all about making smart choices!
You need a goal, sometimes called an objective or an endpoint, and you need to set up a plan.
There are many steps that can help you be smart with your money. For example, never save for “a rainy day”; instead save for all the days.
The steps to be smart with money are not difficult, but the effects of being smart with your finances will last throughout your life.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
Investing can feel like riding a rollercoaster, especially when you’re trying to keep up with market fluctuations. One popular technique that long-term investors use to smooth out this ride is dollar-cost averaging (DCA).
This investment strategy offers a methodical approach to investing that can eliminate the guesswork and stress of trying to time the market. Let’s dive into the world of DCA and see how it might serve your personal finance goals.
Basics of Dollar-Cost Averaging
Dollar-cost averaging is a simple but effective investment strategy. The basic idea is to invest a fixed dollar amount at regular intervals into a particular investment, such as a stock or mutual fund, regardless of its share price. Over time, this approach can result in a lower average price per share compared to making a lump sum investment at a higher price.
Here’s how to dollar-cost average: Suppose you decide to invest $500 into an index fund every month. The share price of the fund fluctuates from month to month, sometimes high, sometimes low. By investing regularly, you buy more shares when the price is low and fewer shares when the price is high. Over time, this can lead to a lower average purchase price.
A Deeper Dive Into How Dollar-Cost Averaging Works
One way to get a better grasp of how dollar-cost averaging works is to look at a hypothetical scenario. Suppose you decide to invest $200 in a mutual fund every month. In January, the share price is $20, so you buy 10 shares.
In February, the share price drops to $10, so your $200 buys you 20 shares. In March, the price goes up to $25, so you can only afford 8 shares. Despite the market’s fluctuations, your regular investment allowed you to purchase more shares when the price was low and fewer shares when the price was high, resulting in a lower average purchase price.
Benefits of Dollar-Cost Averaging
The key advantage of the dollar-cost averaging approach is that it mitigates market volatility. Instead of trying to time the market and potentially making ill-timed investment decisions, DCA allows you to follow a fixed schedule and make regular investments.
This strategy can be especially beneficial in declining markets. When stock prices fall, your fixed dollar amount can purchase more shares. If the stock market recovers, you would have bought those shares at lower prices, potentially leading to gains. This way, DCA can turn market declines into opportunities.
Another benefit of dollar-cost averaging is that it can promote disciplined investing. By investing a fixed amount at regular intervals, you are more likely to stick with your investing strategy, even when the market is turbulent.
The Psychology Behind Dollar-Cost Averaging
Dollar-cost averaging isn’t just about mathematical probabilities and financial strategy—it’s also deeply intertwined with investor psychology. Investing can be an emotional roller coaster, especially during periods of significant market volatility. When stock prices swing wildly, investors often let their emotions guide their decisions, which can lead to costly mistakes.
For instance, a sudden market downturn might provoke feelings of fear and uncertainty. In response to these emotions, some investors may resort to panic selling, hastily offloading their investments to stave off further losses. This can be detrimental to their long-term financial goals because they might miss out on potential gains when the market eventually rebounds.
On the flip side, during a bullish market when prices are high, feelings of greed and fear of missing out (FOMO) might take over. These emotions can lead to impulsive buying, where investors pour money into the market hoping to ride the wave. But if the market corrects or crashes, these investors stand to lose a significant portion of their investment.
This is where the dollar-cost averaging approach comes into play. The discipline of investing a fixed amount at regular intervals removes the need to time the market and reduces the influence of emotions on investment decisions. It provides a systematic investment plan that is followed regardless of whether the market is up or down. This disciplined approach can prevent impulsive decisions, providing a level of emotional comfort and stability.
Limitations and Risks of Dollar-Cost Averaging
While dollar-cost averaging offers many benefits, it’s not without its potential drawbacks. One potential downside is that if the market consistently rises, a dollar-cost averaging strategy could yield lower returns compared to lump sum investing. In bullish markets, a lump sum invested early would have more time to grow.
Another risk is that despite the potential to achieve a lower average price per share, DCA doesn’t guarantee profits or protect against losses. If the market continually declines, you may lose money, especially if you need to withdraw your investment before the market has a chance to recover.
Finally, for dollar-cost averaging to work effectively, it requires regular and continuous investments. This may pose a challenge if you have a tight budget or unpredictable cash flow.
Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum Investing
Lump sum investing is another common strategy where an investor puts a large sum of money into the market at once. This approach can yield higher returns during a bull market because your entire investment is exposed to the market’s growth from the beginning.
However, timing the lump sum investment correctly can be challenging, even for professional investors. Misjudging the market can lead to buying high, which could result in lower returns or even losses. It’s also worth noting that investing a large sum all at once can be a significant risk if the market takes a downturn shortly after.
Choosing between dollar-cost averaging and lump sum investing largely depends on factors like your risk tolerance, investment horizon, and the amount of money you have to invest.
Implementing Dollar-Cost Averaging in Your Investment Strategy
If you’re interested in implementing a dollar-cost averaging strategy, you’ll need to consider several factors:
Choosing an investment: First, choose a suitable investment option. This could be individual stocks, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It’s wise to diversify across different asset classes to reduce risk.
Budget: Decide how much money you can invest regularly. This could be a fixed dollar amount you set aside from your paycheck every month. The key is to ensure it’s an amount you can commit to over time.
Frequency: Determine how often you want to invest. This could be monthly, quarterly, or any interval that fits your financial situation. The main point is to stick to a regular schedule.
Duration: Consider how long you plan to keep investing. This would typically be linked to your financial goals. Are you saving for retirement, a down payment on a home, or your child’s college education? Your end goal can help you determine how long you dollar-cost average.
Dollar-Cost Averaging in Different Market Conditions
Dollar-cost averaging can prove beneficial in various market conditions:
Bullish markets: In a steadily rising market, a DCA strategy may underperform a lump sum investing approach. However, the benefit is that you’re not risking a large sum of money at once and aren’t trying to time the market.
Bearish markets: In declining markets, DCA comes into its own by allowing you to buy more shares at lower prices. This can reduce the average cost of your investment over time.
Volatile markets: Market volatility can make it difficult to time your investments. With DCA, you’re investing at regular intervals, which means you’re less likely to be swayed by short-term market swings.
Dollar-Cost Averaging With Robo-Advisors and Investment Apps
Nowadays, you don’t need to manually make investments at regular intervals. Many financial institutions offer automatic trading plans, and several robo-advisors and investment apps also provide automated DCA services.
These tools can automatically deduct a set amount from your bank or brokerage account and invest it according to your preferences, making DCA even more straightforward.
Conclusion
Dollar-cost averaging helps you manage fluctuations in the market, mitigate the risks of market timing, and potentially lower your average purchase price. It offers a systematic and disciplined approach to investing. However, like any investment strategy, it’s not without risks. Always consider your financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon before deciding to implement DCA.
Remember, past performance is not indicative of future results, and it’s important to evaluate your investment options carefully. While this article provides a thorough understanding of how dollar-cost averaging works, it does not provide investment advice. You should consider seeking advice from professional advisory or brokerage services that can provide personalized advice based on your circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use dollar-cost averaging in my retirement account?
Yes, DCA fits perfectly in retirement accounts like 401(k)s or IRAs. You’re typically contributing a set amount regularly, which is DCA in practice. Over time, this can help smooth out the impact of market volatility on your retirement savings.
Do I need a large sum of money to start dollar-cost averaging?
No, the advantage of DCA is that it allows you to start investing with any amount you’re comfortable with. You simply invest a fixed amount at regular intervals, which could be as little as a few dollars every month.
How does dollar-cost averaging help me build wealth over time?
DCA can contribute to wealth building by potentially lowering the average cost of your investments over time. By buying more shares when prices are low and fewer when they’re high, you might lower your average cost per share, setting the stage for potential gains in the long run.
Can dollar-cost averaging protect me from all investment losses?
While DCA can help mitigate the effects of volatile markets, it does not guarantee protection from all investment losses. The value of your investments can still go down, particularly if the entire market is in a prolonged downturn. It’s important to have a diversified portfolio and a strategy that aligns with your risk tolerance.
Is dollar-cost averaging only suitable for stocks?
Not at all. While often associated with buying stocks, you can apply dollar-cost averaging to other types of investments as well, like mutual funds, index funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or even Bitcoin. The key is that the asset’s price changes over time.
How often should I make investments if I’m using a dollar-cost averaging strategy?
The frequency of investments in a DCA strategy can vary based on your personal finance situation and goals. Common intervals include monthly and bi-weekly, often aligned with pay periods. The key is to be consistent and stick to your predetermined schedule.
Living with family members can be both a comforting and challenging experience, especially when those family members happen to be siblings. As adults, the dynamics change, and considerations extend beyond just familial bonds. When siblings decide to live together and potentially invest jointly, a unique set of opportunities and obstacles arise. Let’s delve into the pros and cons of such an arrangement.
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Pros
Shared Financial Responsibilities: Pooling resources with siblings can ease the burden of financial responsibilities. Whether it’s splitting rent, utilities, or groceries, dividing costs can lead to significant savings for all parties involved.
Greater Purchasing Power: When siblings join forces to invest, they can leverage their combined financial resources to access opportunities that might be out of reach individually. This could include purchasing a larger property, investing in stocks, or starting a business together.
Built-In Support System: Living with siblings means having a built-in support system readily available. Whether it’s help with chores, emotional support during tough times, or simply having someone to share a meal with, the presence of siblings can provide a sense of comfort and security.
Shared Goals and Values: Siblings often share similar upbringings, values, and life goals, which can facilitate smoother decision-making processes when it comes to investments and lifestyle choices. Aligning on common objectives can lead to a more cohesive living and investing experience.
Potential for Long-Term Wealth Building: By combining resources and investing strategically, siblings can work towards building long-term wealth for themselves and future generations. Real estate investments, for example, can appreciate over time, providing a valuable asset for the family.
Cons
Conflict and Tension: Living with siblings can sometimes lead to conflicts over finances, household responsibilities, or personal space. Differing lifestyles and personalities may clash, potentially causing tension within the household and complicating investment decisions.
Dependency Issues: Dependence on siblings for financial support or decision-making can hinder individual autonomy and personal growth. It’s essential to strike a balance between mutual support and independence to avoid feelings of resentment or overreliance.
Risk of Financial Disputes: Entering into joint investments with siblings carries the risk of financial disputes and disagreements. Differences in risk tolerance, investment preferences, or future plans may lead to conflicts regarding asset management and distribution of profits.
Limited Privacy: Sharing a living space with siblings means sacrificing some level of privacy. While it can foster closeness and bonding, it may also restrict personal freedom and make it challenging to carve out individual spaces within the home.
Uncertain Future Dynamics: Life is unpredictable, and circumstances can change over time. Siblings may experience shifts in career paths, relationships, or financial situations that impact their living arrangements and investment plans. Anticipating and adapting to these changes requires open communication and flexibility.
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Do you find yourself dreaming about what you would do if you were a millionaire? Maybe you fantasize about retiring early and traveling the world. Or perhaps what excites you is the thought of being able to donate to causes you care about.
But, you might be wondering, how to become a millionaire? You may suspect the only way you’ll ever be that rich is if you win the lottery.
Fortunately, the road to wealth isn’t that narrow — there are many ways to become a millionaire. For instance, some individuals retire with over a million dollars in savings because they made good financial decisions.
Others may have started businesses that brought them success, advanced their careers so that they made enough to save seven figures, or made smart investments.
Read on to learn more about how to become a millionaire, and strategies that could help get you there.
Introduction to the Millionaire Mindset and Goals
You may have a certain image of a millionaire in your mind. Maybe it’s a jetsetter or a celebrity. But many millionaires are not born into wealthy families or individuals who suddenly struck it rich. In fact, many millionaires are people who work for a living every day. In general, what tends to set them apart is that they have a millionaire mindset. They are smart and disciplined when it comes to their money. And they stay focused on their financial goals.
Defining What it Means to be a Millionaire
The true definition of a millionaire is someone with a net worth of at least $1 million. That means that their assets, minus any debt, is $1 million or more.
So, if you have $500,000 in savings and investments, plus a house that’s worth at least $500,000, are you a millionaire? Yes, if you own the house outright and don’t have a lot of debt such as car loans, student loans, or credit cards to pay off. But if you still owe money on your house and you’ve got a fair amount of debt to repay, you probably aren’t a millionaire. At least, not yet.
To do the math for your situation, total up your assets. Then subtract your debts from that amount. This will show you how close you are to reaching millionaire status, and possibly give you a sense of what you might have to do to get there.
Following these eight strategies can help when it comes to how to become a millionaire. 💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
Step 1: Stay Away From Debt
As we just saw in the example above, one thing that could be holding you back from becoming a millionaire is debt — especially if that debt is “bad debt,” a term often used for high-interest debt. Eliminating your debt is key because it’s difficult to build wealth if you’re paying a significant portion of your income toward interest.
Paying off debt could help free up money to invest and build wealth. One way to repay debt is to use the debt avalanche method. With this technique, you pay off your debts with the highest interest rates first and then focus on debts with the next highest interest rates (while still making minimum payments on all of your debt, of course).
Eliminating debt isn’t just about paying off existing debt, though, it’s also about avoiding the chances of going into debt in the future. Part of a debt payoff strategy could involve spending less so that you don’t need to rely on credit. You can also set a strict budget and pay with cash whenever possible.
In addition, you may want to create an emergency fund by setting aside a certain amount of money every month. That way, if you have a financial setback, you don’t have to go into credit card debt.
Step 2: Invest Early and Consistently
Investing successfully doesn’t happen overnight. It takes time. That’s why you need to start early. There are a few rules to know that could help you improve your chances of becoming a millionaire.
Benefits of Compounding Returns
First, compounding returns can make all the difference. They can help your money grow, as long as the returns are reinvested.
Here’s how they work: Compounding returns depend on how much an investment gains or loses over time, which is known as the rate of return. The longer your money is invested, the more compounding it can do. That’s why some individuals start saving aggressively when they’re young.
Saving $100,000 by the time you’re 30 might not be possible for everyone, but the more you save early on, the greater impact it could have on your net worth.
And here’s the thing: Even if you’re in your 30s, 40s, or 50s now, it’s never too late to start saving. The important thing is that you start, period. And that you keep saving.
There are other investing strategies that could help as you work on how to become a millionaire. For instance, you could reduce the amount you spend on investment fees. High investment fees can have a big impact on your returns, so you might want to look into low-fee investments.
Also, you should make sure that you invest in a way that’s right for you throughout your life. That may mean investing more aggressively when you’re younger and gradually becoming more conservative in your investments as you get older and closer to retirement.
Step 3: Make Saving a Priority
Your savings is the amount of money you have left after paying taxes and spending money.
Many Americans aren’t saving enough to become a millionaire — in October 2023, the average personal savings rate was 3.8%, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. You’ll likely need to save more than three times that amount to become a millionaire.
Effective Saving Strategies for Long-term Wealth
To save for your goals, start by investing in your company’s 401(k). Max out your 401(k) if you can. At the very least, invest at least enough to earn the employer match, if there is one. That way your employer is contributing to your savings.
In addition, consider opening a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA and contribute as much as possible — up to the limit set by the IRS. These IRAs are tax-advantaged, so they’ll help with your tax bill, too.
And investigate other savings options as well. For instance, you could open a high-yield savings account rather than a regular savings account for a higher return.
Step 4: Increase Your Income
You can’t join the ranks of millionaires if you’re not bringing in more money than you need for your basic necessities. The more money you make, the more you can save and invest.
Tips for Boosting Earnings and Maximizing Income
Some ways to boost your income include asking for a raise or looking for a new higher-paying job. You could also go back to school to earn an advanced degree that could lead to a position with a higher income. Your current employer might even help you cover the cost; check with your HR department.
Another one of the ways to earn extra money is to take on a side hustle. You could tutor students on evenings or weekends, do freelance writing, or dog sit. And those are just some of the options to consider.
Step 5: Cut Unnecessary Expenses
Getting control of your spending is critical to building wealth. That doesn’t mean you have to cut back on everything that gives you pleasure, but you could consider the happiness return on investment you get from the money that you spend. How big of an apartment or home do you truly need to be content? What kind of car do you need? Do you have to buy lunch out every day or could you bring your own lunch from home?
Identifying and Eliminating Non-Essential Spending
You could find ways to cut back on the things that don’t matter so much, but not skimping to the point that you miss out on things you love. For example, maybe you need your gym sessions (and there are plenty of low-cost gyms out there), but you can do without a $5 latte every morning.
Also, you could focus on cutting back on big expenses instead of those that won’t have a huge impact on your budget. For example, dining out only once a month, adjusting your thermostat higher or lower depending on the season, or finding a less expensive, smaller home could help you save a significant amount of money over time. 💡 Quick Tip: Distributing your money across a range of assets — also known as diversification — can be beneficial for long-term investors. When you put your eggs in many baskets, it may be beneficial if a single asset class goes down.
Step 6: Keep Your Financial Goals in Focus
To become a millionaire, you’ll need to stay laser-focused on your financial goals. When everyone else around you is spending money, going on fancy vacations, and buying expensive cars, remind yourself what’s truly important to you. Keep your spending in check, continue to save and invest, and avoid taking on debt.
It takes discipline. But instead of thinking about the stuff you don’t have, appreciate all the good things in your life, like your family and friends. Remember that you’re saving for your future. You’ll be able to enjoy yourself then if you have the money you need to live comfortably and happily.
Think of it this way: You’re making yourself and your financial security the priority. Make that your mantra.
Step 7: Consult with Investment Professionals
Investing can be complicated because there are so many options to choose from. If you need help figuring out what investments are right for you, consider working with a qualified financial advisor.
Leveraging Advice for Wealth Building
A good financial advisor could help you select the right investments and the best investing strategies for your situation. They can also help you plan and budget to reach your goals. But be sure to be an active participant in the process. Ask questions, be involved. Why are they suggesting a specific investment? And if you don’t feel comfortable with something, say so.
Finally, be sure to check your investment performance regularly. Know what you are investing in, how much, and why.
Recommended: How to Find the Best Investment Advisor For You
Step 8: Repeat and Refine Your Financial Plan
The final step to becoming a millionaire is to stay committed to your goal and your plan. Keep saving and investing your money. Stay out of debt. Let time and the power of compounding returns kick in. Be patient.
But also, don’t be afraid to refine or change your plan if need be. For instance, as you get closer to retirement, you will likely want to choose safer, less aggressive investments. You can keep saving and growing money throughout different ages and stages, but your method for doing so can evolve to make sense for where you are in your life.
Additional Tips for Wealth Building
In addition to all of the strategies above, there are a few other techniques that may help you reach millionaire status.
Lifestyle Considerations and Spending Habits
As you work your way up the ladder and earn more money throughout your career, you may be tempted to increase your lifestyle spending, too. After all, you have more money now, so you may feel the urge to spend it.
But here’s the thing: Giving in to these temptations can be a slippery slope. It might start with a bigger house in a nice neighborhood, and then grow to taking extravagant vacations and driving a luxury car. Before you know it, you could be spending way more than you’re saving.
Try to avoid lifestyle splurging if you want to be a millionaire. Instead, take the extra money and save and invest it. That way, you’ll be able to reach your goal even faster.
The Takeaway
Becoming a millionaire is possible if you take the right approach. It involves saving and investing your money, spending wisely, and avoiding debt. You need to be disciplined and focused, and it won’t always be easy. But staying committed to your goals can reward you with financial security and success.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.
Photo credit: iStock/pixelfit
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Stocks are shares of ownership in a company. To start investing in stocks, you would find a company that you like and think might grow in value and then purchase its stock through a brokerage account. If the stock price rises, you could sell your shares and potentially make a profit — or not if share prices decline.
Of course, when it comes to investing for beginners, you need to learn some basics to invest in stocks and do it well. Thanks to technology and various educational resources, you can get started using an app or online brokerage account and learn as you go. It has never been easier to build investing confidence as you gain experience. Here is a step-by-step guide for those who want to start investing in stocks now.
Key Points
• Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company and can be purchased through a brokerage account.
• Before investing in stocks, determine your investing approach and consider your time horizon.
• Different ways to invest in stocks include self-managed investing, using a financial advisor, or utilizing robo-advisors.
• The amount you invest in stocks depends on your budget and financial goals.
• Choose stocks based on thorough research, including analyzing a company’s financial statements and valuation metrics.
How to Start Investing in Stocks: 5 Steps
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1. Determine Your Investing Approach
Before you get started investing in stocks, you need to determine your investing approach. Because every person has unique financial goals and risk tolerances, there is no one-size-fits-all strategy to begin investing in the stock market.
Most people will need to decide whether they want a hands-on approach to investing or whether they’d like to outsource their wealth building to some sort of financial advisor.
Additionally, investors need to consider their time horizons before investing in stocks. Some investors want to invest long-term — buying and holding assets to build wealth for retirement. In contrast, other investors are more interested in short-term trading, buying and selling stocks daily or weekly to make a quick profit. The type of investor you want to be will help determine what kind of stocks you should buy and your investing approach.
The Different Ways to Invest in the Stock Market
Fortunately, various options are available for every type of investor as they begin to invest in stocks.
As mentioned above, some investors like to have a hands-on approach to investing. These investors want to make decisions on their own, picking what stocks are right for them and building a portfolio from the ground up. This self-managed strategy can be time-consuming but an excellent option for investors who have a general understanding of the markets or would like to learn more about them.
Other investors like to have experts, like a money manager, manage the investing process for them. While this investing approach may cost more than doing it yourself, it can be an ideal choice for individuals who do not have the time or energy to devote to financial decision-making.
2. Decide How Much you Will Invest in Stocks
How much you invest depends entirely on your budget and financial goals. Many financial experts recommend saving between 10% and 15% of your after-tax annual income, either in a savings account or by investing. With that guideline in mind, you may decide to invest with whatever you can comfortably afford.
Fortunately, it’s much easier to invest these days, even if you only have a few bucks at a time. Many brokerage firms offer low or no trading fees or commissions, so you can make stock trades without worrying about investment fees eating into the money you decide to invest.
Additionally, many brokerage firms offer fractional share investing, which allows investors to buy smaller amounts of a stock they like. Instead of purchasing one stock at the value for which the stock is currently trading — which could be $1,000 or more — fractional share investing makes it possible to buy a portion of one stock. Investors can utilize this to use whatever dollar amount they have available to purchase stocks.
For example, if you only have $50 available to invest and want to buy stock XYZ trading at $500 per share, fractional share investing allows you to buy 10% of XYZ for $50.
Asset Allocation
Asset allocation involves spreading your money across different types of investments, like stock, bonds, and cash, in order to balance risk and reward. Determining a portfolio’s asset allocation can vary from person to person, based on financial goals and risk tolerance.
Asset allocation is closely tied with portfolio diversification. Diversification means spreading one’s money across a range of assets. Generally, it’s like taking the age-old advice of not putting all your eggs in one basket. An investor can’t avoid risk entirely, but diversifying their investments can help mitigate the risk one asset class poses.
3. Open an Investment Account
Once you determine your investing approach and how much money you can invest, you’ll need to open a brokerage account to buy and sell shares of companies or whatever other assets you’d like to invest in.
Several investment accounts might make sense for you, depending on your comfort level in managing your investments and your long-term financial goals.
Professional option: Full-service brokerages
Many investors may use traditional brokerage firms, also known as full-service brokerages, to buy and sell stocks and other securities. A full-service brokerage offers additional services beyond just buying and selling stocks, such as investment advice, wealth management, and estate planning. Typically, full-service brokerages provide these services at high overall costs, while discount and online brokerages maintain scaled-down services with lower overall costs.
A full-service brokerage account may not be the best option for investors just getting started investing in stocks. These firms often require substantial account minimum balances to open an account. This option may be out of reach for most in the early stages of their investing journey.
Do-it-yourself option: Online brokerage
An online brokerage account is ideal for most beginning investors looking to have a hands-on approach to trading stocks and building a financial portfolio. Many online brokers offer services with the convenience of an app, which can make investing more streamlined. If you feel confident or curious about how to start investing at a lower cost than a full-service brokerage firm, opening an account with an online broker could be a great place to start.
Hands-off, automated option: Robo-advisor
If you’re interested in investing but want some help setting up a basic portfolio, opening an investment account with a robo-advisor might be best for you. A robo-advisor uses a sophisticated computer algorithm to help you pick and manage investments. These automated accounts generally don’t offer individual stocks; instead, they build a portfolio with a mix of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Nonetheless, it’s a way to become more familiar with investing.
Retirement option: 401(k) and IRAs
Retirement accounts like employer-sponsored 401(k)s or individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are tax-advantaged investment accounts that can be great for the beginning investor trying to build a retirement nest egg. These accounts offer investors a range of investment choices, including individual stocks. You may also have access to tutorials, advisors, or other resources to help you learn how to start investing in these accounts.
💡 Ready to start retirement investing? Consider opening an IRA online.
Tip: Compare Costs and Features
No matter where you decide to open your investment account, be sure to research and compare costs and features within the account. For example, many brokerage accounts charge investment fees and commissions for making trades. Although investment costs can be quite low — and you can trade stocks without paying a commission — any investment fee can add up over time and ultimately reduce your overall investment returns.
Additionally, it helps to check if the investment account requires a minimum deposit to open an account. A minimum deposit can be a barrier to getting started for the beginning investor who doesn’t have much money to invest. However, many firms do not have minimum deposit requirements any longer.
4. Choose Your Stocks
Deciding what individual stocks to invest in can be challenging for most investors. There are countless ways to evaluate stocks before you buy.
Before choosing your stocks, you generally want to do a deep dive into a company’s inner workings to understand the company’s overall valuation and the stock’s share price.
As a beginning investor, you want to get comfortable reading a company’s balance sheet and other financial statements. All publicly-traded companies must file this information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), so you shouldn’t have trouble finding these financials.
One of the most fundamental metrics for understanding a stock’s value compared to company profits is its price-to-earnings (PE) ratio. Others include the price-to-sales (PS) ratio and the price/earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratio, which may be helpful for companies that have little to no profits but are expanding their businesses quickly.
These metrics, and other financial ratios, can help you determine what stocks to buy. And the advantage of owning individual stocks is that you can get direct exposure to a company you believe has the potential to grow based on your research. The downside, of course, is that investing doesn’t come with guarantees, and your stock’s value could decline even with thorough research.
💡 Recommended: 15 Technical Indicators for Stock Trading
5. Continue Building Your Portfolio
After you’ve decided what stocks to invest in, you generally want to continue building a portfolio that will help you meet your financial goals.
One way to bolster your portfolio is by buying mutual funds and ETFs rather than individual stocks. A benefit to investing in funds that hold stocks is that you can avoid some of the risks of being invested in individual stocks that may not perform well.
Whether investing in individual stocks or funds, you may want to consider the level of diversification in your portfolio that feels right for you. There is no consensus about the right way to diversify investments. For one person, ideal diversification could mean owning 20 stocks in different industries. For another, it could mean owning the “whole” market via a handful of mutual funds.
Once you get more comfortable investing in stocks and funds, you can employ numerous other investing strategies. You can add various securities, like bonds, commodities, and crypto, to your portfolio.
The Takeaway
Historically, investing in the stock market has been a way for some individuals to build personal wealth. These days, it’s never been easier for new investors considering getting into stocks to start. Whether you choose to work with a financial advisor or use an online broker or app, there are several ways to find a method that makes stock investing easy, fun, and potentially profitable. Of course, there are no guarantees, so it’s wise to take a step-by-step approach, start small if you prefer, do some research using the many resources available, and see what comes as you gain experience and confidence.
Investors can open an online investing account with SoFi Invest® to trade individual stocks, ETFs, or fractional shares with no commissions. Additionally, SoFi’s Automated Investing builds, manages, and rebalances portfolios with no SoFi management fee for those interested in investing in stocks through a more hands-off approach.
Start investing with your SoFi Invest account today.
FAQ
How do I invest $100?
You can invest $100 by opening an investing account that does not require a minimum account balance and purchasing shares of a stock or ETF that are less than $100. You can also use your funds to purchase fractional shares of whatever stocks you want to own.
How do I open a brokerage account?
You’ll need to take a few steps to open a brokerage account. First, you’ll need to find a broker that fits your needs. Once you’ve found a broker, you’ll need to complete an application and submit it to the broker. The broker will then review your application and, if approved, will open an account for you.
What is the S&P 500?
The Standard and Poor’s 500, commonly known as the S&P 500, is an American stock market index based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the NYSE or NASDAQ stock exchanges. It is one of the most commonly followed stock market indices in the United States, along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Nasdaq Composite.
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Stock Bits Stock Bits is a brand name of the fractional trading program offered by SoFi Securities LLC. When making a fractional trade, you are granting SoFi Securities discretion to determine the time and price of the trade. Fractional trades will be executed in our next trading window, which may be several hours or days after placing an order. The execution price may be higher or lower than it was at the time the order was placed. SOIN0622011
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn investment and tax strategies to help you achieve financial security and prepare for a prosperous retirement.
How can you balance saving for emergencies and investing for the future? What strategies can you employ to maximize your tax benefits and build a secure financial future? NerdWallet’s Kim Palmer and Alana Benson discuss investment strategies and tax planning to help you understand how to navigate your financial journey effectively. They begin with a discussion of investment strategies, with tips and tricks on understanding different investment accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, leveraging compound interest, and the importance of starting investments early. Then, Alana discusses tax planning and filing in-depth, covering the intricacies of different tax forms like W-4s and W-2s, the significance of estimated taxes for freelancers, and strategies for managing capital gains taxes.
Kim and Alana delve into retirement planning and the challenges of active versus passive investing. They provide a framework for prioritizing your finances, emphasizing the creation of an emergency fund, taking advantage of employer 401(k) matches, and understanding the role of asset allocation based on age and risk tolerance. Additionally, they tackle the decision-making process in personal finance, such as choosing between paying off debt and investing, and the pros and cons of having a financial advisor.
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Hey listener, we’ve got a special episode in store for you today. Our investing and tax Nerds recently hosted a webinar going deep into how you can level up your investing and tax strategy. So we packaged that up into a podcast episode for you. The Nerds talk about what you need to know about different investing accounts, how to get help with your taxes and more. So here’s the webinar.
Kim Palmer:
Welcome everyone. I am Kim Palmer. I’m a personal finance writer at NerdWallet where we help people make smart decisions. One important note, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. NerdWallet Inc is not an investment advisor or broker and does not provide personal financial advisory services. Today we are excited to talk to you about the basics of investing and taxes and we think we have some helpful info to share with you. You can always find more at nerdwallet.com or on the NerdWallet app. Our goal today is to kick off a helpful discussion about investing and tax information and tools. Alana Benson writes about investing topics including stocks, funds, and ethical investing. And now I will hand it over to Alana.
Alana Benson:
Thanks Kim. Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So before we start, I just want to say a couple of things that often get forgotten when we’re talking about investing. So first, investing usually comes second to some other goals. If you’re having a hard time paying for necessities or you don’t have an emergency fund, it’s really important to focus on those things before we even start worrying about investing. Second, instead of scrimping, try to increase your income. So I didn’t start investing until I was in my late 20s, and that’s because one, I didn’t work at NerdWallet yet, so I literally didn’t know anything. And two, I was making around $25,000 a year, so I didn’t have much expendable income. And when you don’t have extra income, it’s really hard to prioritize investing and it just might not even be a good idea to do that.
When I started making more money, it was suddenly a lot more possible for me to invest for retirement. So if it’s possible for you and you want to be investing more, look for jobs that will pay you more or look into side hustles, but cutting back on your streaming services probably will not save you enough money for retirement. And finally, if you don’t have the money to invest now, that’s totally fine. Some people have serious money anxieties and others just don’t have the cash. Whatever your reason is, don’t stress too much about it. Just keep learning and when you’re able to, you can start investing. So why do we invest? What is the point of all this? And the answer is that it’s because we like money and that’s okay. There’s no shame in admitting it, I like money, most people like money. It’s because money isn’t just money. It’s not like Scrooge McDuck diving into pools of money and buying Maseratis. It’s not that.
It’s about not being stressed about your money all the time and it’s about being able to buy everything that you need and some stuff that you want comfortably without having money stress take up all of your energy. Money allows us to thrive instead of just survive and investing helps you make more money than you could ever possibly make just by working at a job. So okay, what actually is investing? This whole process is very strange. Okay. Investing is the process of money that you already have making additional money for you. And this works through what’s called compound interest. Compound interest means that your gains get a little bit bigger every year and that’s also why starting when you’re younger gives you a huge advantage and more money in the long run. So for example, you just start at that little number one in the box up there. Say you buy an investment for $100, if it goes up the average stock market return of 10%, it could then be worth $110, meaning that you’ve made $10.
Then that $10 that you earned also starts earning compound interest on top of the $100 you initially invested. That doesn’t sound like much of a profit, but imagine if you were doing it with way larger amounts of money over a way longer period of time. Now that 10% is an annualized rate, which means that you’re not going to get 10% every single year. In all likelihood, some years you’re going to finish up, some years you’ll finish down. But over the course of decades when you average all that out, you tend to get about 10%. The way you actually start investing is through an investing account. And there’s a couple of different types, but the type of investment account you have is actually really, really important because a lot of them have some pretty significant tax benefits that you want to take advantage of. So you’ve got your 401(k)s and these are offered through your employer. You add money to it and sometimes your employer matches it. So it’s basically free money. If you have a 401(k), you’ll likely choose your investments from a pre-selected list or a fund that will automatically adjust itself over time.
So this means 401(k)s are typically very hands off. IRAs on the other hand are investment accounts that you open up yourself. IRAs can be opened online through brokerages and actually at a lot of large banks, they also do that. So it’s likely you can open up an investment account just through your bank. Unlike with a 401(k), IRAs you’ll have to choose your own investments in those accounts. You may have heard about a thing called a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) and it’s good if you know the difference. So with a Roth, you pay taxes on your money now just like any other money that you earn and then the money you have invested inside that account grows tax-free and you can take it out tax-free in retirement. With a traditional IRA or 401(k), the money you contribute today is pre-tax.
So that is you get to deduct it from your income taxes this year. So it’s like a nice little treat this year, but then when you cash it out in retirement, you’ll owe income taxes on it. This is really, really important. I’ve seen a lot of people make this mistake. Your investment account is not an investment, so a Roth IRA, a 401(k), not an investment. So if you have a Roth IRA, that’s great, but that doesn’t mean you’re actually invested in anything. So you fund your investment account and then you buy investments from there. But I’ve heard of people opening a Roth IRA, putting in a bunch of money and then wondering why it didn’t grow over the last 10 years. So you have to purchase investments for your money to actually grow and if you don’t do it, you’ll miss out on all of those years of growth, so very important.
And there’s a couple different types of investments that you can choose from once you open and fund your investment account. So you’ve got stocks, I’m sure everyone’s heard of that, these are shares of ownership in companies and the way you make money from them is if they go up in value and some pay you a cut of the company’s profits on a regular basis. Then you’ve got bonds. This is when you loan money to companies or the government and they pay you interest. Funds, now these are very exciting because they’re basically just baskets of stocks and bonds that you buy all at once. So a fund is still a stock or bond based investment depending on the type of fund that you get. And there’s a lot of different kinds such as index funds or exchange traded funds and mutual funds, but they’re all collections of investments that you buy at one time.
And I think funds are pretty awesome because if you own a stock and that company goes out of business, you lose all of your money. But if you invest in a fund that covers 100 stocks and that same stock goes out of business, your investment is buoyed up by the other 99 companies. So again, all of these investments, stocks, bonds and funds, you buy them from your investment account and then you own them in there. All right, so let’s talk about the stock market, it’s this weird nebulous term that’s hard to understand. But the stock market is just where people buy and sell investments, but now people just trade investments online. So the stock market is made up of several what are called market indexes. Now these are basically just predetermined lists of companies and the performance of that overall list can tell us a lot about the health of the US economy.
So for example, the S&P 500, something you probably have all heard of, that’s just the list of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US and it includes companies like Apple and Amazon. So when we say the stock market is down today, that means that on average most of those companies aren’t doing well. And you can’t invest in the literal stock market, but you can invest in funds that include all the same investments. So these are called index funds because they track a market index. So again, if you have an S&P 500 index fund, it should perform pretty closely to how the S&P 500 itself is actually performing. The S&P 500 goes up 10% a year on average and 6.5% after inflation. And this is just an average, so some years the market goes up more, some years it goes down less, but when done well, investing can potentially mean doubling your money every few years for doing basically nothing, which is my favorite way of earning money, by doing nothing. It’s great.
So let’s talk strategy. This is all about the way that you invest, when you put your money in and when you take your money out. So passive investing is where you buy that S&P 500 index fund and you keep adding money into it until you retire. It’s very boring, but it’s effective. So it can give you that 10% return on average over the long haul, but a lot of people want to make more than that 10%, and they do so by actively buying and selling stocks, crypto options and other high risk investments. They try to predict when they’ll be low, then they buy them and then they turn around and try to sell them when they’re high. So these people are called active traders or day traders. Only 20% of active traders make money over a six-month period. That is not a lot of people.
There have been a lot of studies over the years that show that active investing is a way less lucrative fashion than boring old passive investing with that index fund. Plus active investing is a lot more work, you have to do all kinds of research and you keep an eye on the markets and you can hypothetically earn more by actively trading versus passively earning the same amount as that historical return of 10%. But most people end up making less when they actually try it, and that’s because people are really bad at predicting things. And in order to make money on the overall stock market over the long term, you have to be really good at predicting things all the time. So maybe you make it big on one stock, but the odds of that happening again and again are very low. So let’s put all of this information together, the accounts, the actual investments and the strategy.
Here’s how financial advisors suggest you prioritize your money when you’re starting to invest. So the first thing you want to do is you’re not actually going to invest at all. The first thing is that you’re going to have an emergency fund. So this is money that you won’t actually put in the stock market, and that’s because when your money is invested, its value can change day by day. So say you have $1,000 and you want to use it for an emergency fund, but you invest it, when you have to fix something on your car suddenly, you go to check your money and its value could be $600 instead of $1,000 and that’s not good. If you put it in a high yield savings account, you can access that money at any time without risking its value. Plus right now the interest rates are really high.
So your money could be earning 4 to 5% just by sitting there. So next, you want to get that 401(k) match if it’s available to you because it’s free money. After that, it’s a good idea to look into IRAs. Both IRAs and 401(k)s have what’s called a contribution limit, which is just the maximum amount of money you can put in each of them every year. If you’re able to max out an IRA, then it’s a good call to move back to your 401(k). And the reason you switch around like that is because of the way the tax benefit works. So it’s likely more beneficial to invest in an IRA over a 401(k) if you’ve already gotten your match, if you have to choose between the two. Then if you max out your 401(k), you can move to a standard brokerage account. And this is not a list of everything you have to be doing right now.
You might be thinking, “Whoa, maxing out an IRA is $6,500, I cannot afford that”, and that is totally fine. So I like to picture it as a waterfall. So when you fill up your emergency fund, then you can start working on getting that 401(k) match. Only after that bucket is full should you then move on to investing in an IRA and so on. And wherever you’re at in your bucket filling journey is okay. It’s just nice to know what to do next when you’re ready for it. So we already talked about what accounts to invest from and the investments you can buy, but then do you just start buying a bunch of index funds or stocks or bonds? How do you know how much of each investment to get? And that is all about risk tolerance. And to understand that we have to understand how risk works over time.
If you’re investing for retirement and you’re in your 20s now, that means you have a ton of time for your investments to grow and then drop dramatically and then rise back up. So financial advisors would say you can afford to take on a bit more risk, AKA invest in riskier investments, because you have time for your investments to bounce back. Now, if you’re investing for your retirement and you’re 65, you don’t want to risk all the money you’ve been investing for years and years because you’re going to actually need to use it to pay for stuff in retirement pretty soon, so you want to protect it. And figuring out how much of each investment you should have is a fancy term called asset allocation, but it just means how much of your portfolio is in which of these investments.
And age is just a number, but typically when you’re younger, you may be able to afford to take more risk because you have more time for the stock market highs and lows to even out. So stocks, and okay, remember index funds and mutual funds are often made up of stocks so those count too, but those tend to carry more risk than investments like bonds. And an example of a 20-year-old’s investment portfolio, which includes all of your accounts so your 401(k), your Roth IRA, all of that together, that could be 100% stocks. And that’s fairly risky, but those 20 year olds are not going to retire for a long time. Now, a 65-year-old might have way more bonds because they don’t want to risk all that money they’ve earned over time. And one thing some investors do to mitigate risk is to slowly shift their asset allocation from high risk investments to low risk investments over time.
And again, I’m not a financial advisor and this is not personalized investment advice, but how much of each investment it’s good to have will usually depend on how much risk you are willing to take. And an investment portfolio can be really simple or really complicated. So you could have that one S&P 500 index fund and you purchase it from a Roth IRA, and that’s just all you do. Just if you want to keep it really simple or you can make it more complicated. So maybe you explore several stock-based funds such as international stocks and healthcare stocks and technology stocks, and you could invest in those types through a fund. So instead of buying 30 technology stocks, you just have one technology stock fund, then a small slice in bonds, and then an even smaller slice is crypto or other high risk investments. Though financial advisors have varying opinions on the safety of crypto.
So keep in mind, this is just an example and not necessarily what you should do personally, but it is really helpful to look up asset allocation portfolios through an online brokerage and see what they recommend for your specific age and when you plan on retiring. You can also talk with a financial advisor who can help guide you through those decisions. And investing is great because it can help you earn wealth, which you could spend on a boat, but more than likely one of your biggest investing goals will be retirement. And the sad truth is that in some things like retirement, they just cost so much that you’ll probably never afford them just by putting money in a savings account. And that’s why we say we have to invest for retirement. And the truth is that most people just aren’t saving enough for retirement.
So you’ll probably have a lot of expenses and you have to pay for that in retirement and some of it’s necessary like food or housing or medical care and some of it is travel or bucket list stuff, but you may not be working anymore or at least not as much as you were. And once you factor in inflation, it’s likely that a dollar today will be worth way less when you’re in retirement. And saving for retirement has gotten even more difficult because you can’t necessarily afford to live on social security. Medicare doesn’t always pay for your health needs and pensions aren’t really as common as they used to be. And because of all this, it’s really important to start investing for retirement sooner rather than later.
And if you’re early in your career, it might seem silly to worry about retiring right now, but if you start investing sooner, you actually spend less on retirement than if you start investing later in life overall and that’s because of compound interest. So our retirement calculator shows that if you start putting away $100 per month, that could grow to nearly $400,000 in 35 years. And it’s always good to know how much you should be trying to invest. When you have a long-term goal in mind, you want to know what that number is. So a retirement calculator can be a big help to figure that out, including NerdWallet’s retirement calculator. No shame, I’m going to plug it, but some financial advisors recommend saving 15% of your pre-tax income for retirement. So okay, let’s break that down. What does that look like?
So if you make $100,000 a year, again just because easy math, that would be $15,000 annually that you’re trying to save for retirement. But if you had a 5% match on your 401(k), you’d already be saving $10,000 a year between the $5,000 you make and the $5,000 your employer puts in. And then if you contributed another $5,000 to your Roth IRA, you’d already meet your target goal of saving $15,000 a year for retirement. You should also think about how much you can make during those peak earning years. If you’re younger, what career are you looking to have? You can look up what those wages tend to look like on a site like Glassdoor or ask someone in your life who is in that career path, and maybe do that tactfully because you’re asking about money. But figuring out what you want to be when you grow up may not be something you want to think about right now.
But to be honest, I studied English in college and no one told me about my job prospects. I figured that I would have to write a super famous book or be a teacher and you don’t have to have everything figured out now, but it doesn’t hurt to see how much a potential field could earn and figure out what careers are open to you. And just keep in mind that relationship between your earnings and investing like we talked about in the beginning. And if you’re later in your career, it is harder to take advantage of compound interest, but some of those investment accounts have those catch up contributions that we talked about so you’re able to contribute more after a certain age. Thank you all so much for listening to me talk very fast for a long time, and now I will hand it back over to Kim to talk about taxes. Thanks so much.
Kim Palmer:
Great, thank you so much, Alana. That was great. Someone actually asked in a pre-submitted question, “Why do I have to pay taxes?” Well, here is why. Taxes are used to pay for a lot of different things like clean water, roads, schools, healthcare, and the military. And your tax return is due every year in mid-April to the IRS. We’ll talk a little bit later about what to do if you need an extension, but in general that is the deadline. But first, let’s back up a little bit. When you file taxes, there is so much paperwork. One really important one is the W-4. That is the document that your employer asks you to fill out when you start a new job. And it plays a really big role in telling your employer how much in taxes to take out of each paycheck. It asks you things like your filing status, dependents, how much tax to withhold, and if you get a really big tax bill or a big refund, then you might want to go back and revisit your W-4 just to make sure you’re withholding enough but not too much.
There’s also the W-2, which is a document that your employer sends you to summarize how much in total they took out of your paycheck the previous year, and you’ll need to reference all those numbers when you file your tax return. If you are self-employed or you work a side hustle, then taxes won’t be automatically withheld from your paycheck, and that means you might have to pay something called estimated taxes, which is typically four times a year. In January, you’ll get something called a 1099 form that outlines how much money any company paid you, and then you’ll use that information when you file your return. And then finally, the 1040 is the main form you use when you file taxes, and we’ll drop a link in the chat for more about that. Okay, so you have all of your forms set. How do you actually file your taxes?
You can do it yourself through the IRS. You can use an online tax prep software or you can use a tax professional like an accountant or a tax preparer. If you do it on your own, you can either use paper forms or get access to brand name tax prep software through an IRS service called Free File. But it’s important to know that only people who make below a certain income qualify for the Free File program. If you use tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block or NerdWallet Taxes powered by Column Tax, many of these providers use a Q&A style to help you do your taxes and some even offer paid upgrades that connect you directly to a tax professional. If your finances are really complicated and you want some extra help, then you can also work with a tax preparer such as a certified public accountant.
You do want to make sure to ask them lots of questions and check their credentials before you agree to share your financial information. And you also want to check to see if they have a prepared tax identification number, which is an ID that’s required for anyone who files tax returns for compensation. The US does not have a flat tax system, and that means that portions of your income can be taxed at different rates. There are currently seven tax rates for federal income taxes that run from 10% to 37%. And which tax rate applies to you depends on your income and your filing status. So you might hear people say, “I’m in the 12% bracket” or “I’m in the 22% bracket”, but being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay that tax rate on everything you make. And in reality, people’s income can fall into several different tax brackets depending on how much they make.
Portions or chunks of your income are taxed at different rates and some of those different taxes are then added together. So for example, some of your income could be taxed at a rate of 10%, another chunk could be at 12%. The more you make, the higher the tax rate might be on some of your income. And depending on the state where you pay your income taxes, you might pay a flat rate or a progressive rate similar to the federal structure. A small handful of states have no state income tax. If you want to pay less, you can look for tax breaks. Tax credits and tax deductions are two tools that can help you potentially minimize your tax bill, but they do work in different ways. Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. As a simplified example, a $25,000 tax deduction on $100,000 of taxable income means that only $75,000 of that income will get taxed.
Tax credits directly reduce your tax bill by the value of their credit. So this means if you owe $2,000 in taxes and you’re eligible for a $1,000 tax credit, you’ll end up owing $1,000. Tax credits tend to be more valuable because they have the potential to pack a bigger punch, so you definitely want to try to take all the tax credits you qualify for, and you could even get money back if a credit is refundable. Common tax credits include the earned income tax credit, the child tax credit, the lifetime learning credit, and the American opportunity credit and savers credit.
All right, I alluded to this at the beginning, but what happens if you’re not going to be ready by mid-April? What do you do? If you know you won’t be able to file on time before tax day, you can file for a free extension with the IRS and that gives you until mid-October to file your return. But you want to make sure that at least 90% of what you think you’ll owe in April is covered by an estimated tax payment or your withholdings. Otherwise, the IRS can hit you with a penalty for late payment. The failure to pay penalty is really no joke. It’s 0.5% of your unpaid taxes each month your payment is late plus interest. If you file late and you did not file an extension, you could also get hit with a failure to file penalty, which is 5% of your unpaid taxes each month that your payment is late. There is some good-ish news, if you file late but you don’t owe anything, you won’t get penalized but that doesn’t mean you’re not still obligated to file.
If you don’t, the IRS could file a return on your behalf and you might miss out on a refund if you’re owed one. And if your tax bill is so high that you can’t pay it off, you do have options. You can set up a long-term or short-term payment plan with the IRS.
I know that was a whole lot of information and taxes can seem scary, but we break down lots of popular tax questions and terms on nerdwallet.com. We have some time to address some pre-submitted questions from the audience ranging from about Roth IRAs to the pros and cons of having a financial advisor. And I do want to give a reminder here as we answer these questions that we are not tax or investing advisors. We are writers who focus on these fields and what we say is not investing or tax advice. So with that said, let’s dive into these questions. A question that came to us in an email was: how do you choose between paying off credit card debt and investing in saving for emergencies?
I really love this question because I think it speaks to some of the biggest challenges of personal finance, navigating these choices. And the answer is it’s really up to you. Many financial advisors say that the first step is to create a starter emergency fund, and you can read more in our article that we’ll link to, Should I Pay Off Debt Or Save? And you’ll see most people think about saving $500 to $1,000 first and then after that to consider contributing enough to a workplace retirement plan if they have access to one, and then contributing 3% to 5% of income to an IRA or a Roth IRA. And then financial advisors say people can consider focusing on paying off high interest debt and amp up investing efforts once they have paid that off. And now Alana, I’ll turn over to you. Perhaps you can answer the questions about Roth IRAs.
Alana Benson:
Absolutely. So a couple folks were wondering, before we went over everything, what a Roth IRA is and how does it work and when is it worth it to open one? So we already covered this a little bit, but again, it’s an individual retirement account and it lets you contribute money that you’ve already paid taxes on. So think about when you get your paycheck. That money has already had taxes taken out of it. So once you hit age 59 and a half and you have held the Roth IRA for at least five years, you can withdraw your contributions and any earnings, which is a fancy word for money that you earn from investing, without paying taxes again. And whether it’s worth it is up to you, especially if you’re trying to decide between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA because it’s about when you pay those taxes and if you have a traditional IRA, you do get that tax break right now.
So that’s a personal decision. But you can also take out money tax-free from your Roth IRA later in life. So if that’s something that you are really trying to parse out, it might be good to talk to a financial advisor because they can help you with that question. We had two other questions. The first one is: how do you calculate how much money to put in your Roth IRA if you make over the maximum amount? So we didn’t actually cover this, so Roth IRAs do have income limits, but there is something called a Backdoor Roth that lets you contribute money first to a traditional IRA, pay taxes on it and then roll that money into a Roth IRA. And then our last question is: what are the pros and cons of having a financial advisor and how do you find one?
This is such a good question. The pros and cons really depend on your situation. The catchall term ‘financial advisor’ is used to describe a wide variety of people and services, including investment managers, financial consultants, financial planners. First and foremost, you always want to verify a financial professional because financial advisor doesn’t require people to be vetted. Certain things like a certified financial planner or a CFP, those actually have a very high level of education and have a certification that you can verify online. So anyone that you are talking about money with, you want to make sure that you are vetting them. And some of these people can just talk to you about your finances and some of them can actually manage your investments for you if you want that. Financial advisors, depending on the kind that you choose, can be pretty expensive. A robo-advisor is like an AI version of a financial advisor.
You just set up an account for one and then they charge you a pretty modest fee. And based on your age and your risk tolerance, it will manage your investments for you. An online financial advisor can offer more services and you can actually talk to a human being, but those do tend to cost a little bit more. And then you could go to an in-person financial advisor, depending on their credentials, that might cost even more, but sometimes it’s really nice to talk to somebody that you know and you can grow that relationship with them over time.
Kim Palmer:
Great. Thank you, Alana. And I think, actually, I can squeeze in one more question that we received. How do taxes work with investment accounts? How much do we set aside so we aren’t surprised by a tax bill? Which is a great question. If you’re selling stocks from a brokerage investment account, then you should be aware of three words, capital gains taxes. Those are the taxes you’ll pay when you sell assets for profit. Assets that you have owned for more than a year are subject to long-term capital gains tax, and the capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less are subject to short-term capital gains. If you regularly trade stocks or other investments, you might be subject to short-term capital gains.
Those profits are taxed as ordinary income based on your tax brackets, which we went over before. Your final tax bill depends on a number of different factors. If you don’t want to be surprised, estimate what you’ll owe using tools such as a tax calculator or IRS worksheets. If needed, consider setting aside enough to cover the tax bill or paying estimated taxes and as always, your specific situation will differ and we are not tax professionals. We hope that you enjoyed this webinar and learned something today. If you’d like to get even more clarity on your finances and continue learning with NerdWallet, consider signing up for an account with us at nerdwallet.com. Thank you so much for joining us.
Sean Pyles: And that’s all we have for this episode. To send the Nerds your money questions, call or text us on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. This webinar episode was produced by Alikay Wood, Sheri Gordon, and me. We had editing help from Liz Weston, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help. And with that said, until next time, turn the Nerds.
Imagine slashing your monthly mortgage payment to zero or, better yet, turning a profit from the very place you call home. This isn’t a daydream for the financially savvy few; it’s the reality of house hacking.
Through the eyes of those who’ve made it work, house hacking transforms your living situation into an opportunity for financial freedom. From young professionals to families, people across the country are finding that their biggest expense—housing—can actually become their biggest asset.
What is house hacking?
House hacking is a strategy that involves purchasing a primary residence with the intention of living in one part while renting out the rest as a rental property. This could mean buying a multifamily home and living in one unit, renting out the others, or even renting out spare bedrooms in a single-family home. The rent collected from tenants goes towards the mortgage and other property-related expenses, potentially allowing the owner to live for free or even make a profit.
A Spectrum of Possibilities
The beauty of house hacking lies in its flexibility. Here are a few scenarios to illustrate its range:
The Multi-Unit Maven: Alex buys a duplex, lives in one unit, and rents out the other. The rent from the second unit covers the mortgage, meaning Alex lives mortgage-free.
The Single-Family Sharer: Jamie purchases a four-bedroom house, occupies one room, and rents out the other three. The rental income covers all housing costs.
The Basement Dweller: Casey acquires a home with a separate basement apartment. Living in the basement, Casey rents out the main floor, using the rent to pay the mortgage and save for future investments.
These examples highlight how you can house hack to adapt to different housing markets, personal living preferences, and financial goals. Whether you’re drawn to the idea of living rent-free, eager to dive into real estate investment, or looking for a way to reduce your housing expenses, house hacking offers a practical path to achieving your objectives.
Tailoring the Strategy to Your Lifestyle
Choosing the right house hacking approach depends on your lifestyle, financial goals, and how comfortable you are sharing your space. Considerations include the type of investment property, your desired level of interaction with tenants, and local market conditions. The key is to find a balance that works for you, ensuring your home remains a comfortable place for you while optimizing its income potential.
By embracing the concept of house hacking, you can transform your approach to homeownership, turning a typically expensive part of your life into a source of income. With careful planning and a bit of creativity, your journey towards financial independence might just start at your own front door.
Benefits of House Hacking
House hacking isn’t just a real estate strategy; it’s a lifestyle adjustment that opens doors to numerous financial and personal benefits. Let’s dive into the advantages, supported by real-world examples and data, to understand why so many are turning to house hacking as a way to improve their financial health.
Financial Freedom Faster
One of the most compelling benefits of house hacking is the accelerated path it provides toward financial freedom. By significantly reducing or eliminating one of life’s largest expenses—housing—you can allocate funds towards paying down debt, investing, or saving for future goals.
For instance, consider the case of Sam, who purchased a triplex, lived in one unit, and rented out the other two. The rental income not only covered the mortgage but also allowed Sam to save an additional $1,000 a month. This extra savings contributed to Sam’s ability to retire early, a dream that seemed unreachable before house hacking.
Access to Better Financing Options
House hackers often enjoy more favorable financing terms. Owner-occupants can qualify for lower down payments and better interest rates compared to traditional investment property loans.
For example, an FHA loan might require as little as 3.5% down for a multi-unit property, provided one of the units will be owner-occupied. This lower barrier to entry makes real estate investment accessible to more people. Data shows that owner-occupied financing options can save homeowners thousands of dollars over the life of a loan, making the investment in house hacking even more appealing.
Learning the Ropes of Real Estate Investing
House hacking serves as an invaluable hands-on education in real estate investing and property management. This benefit is difficult to quantify, but incredibly valuable.
Take Angela, who started her real estate journey through house hacking. By managing her duplex, Angela gained firsthand experience in screening tenants, handling maintenance issues, and understanding the financial aspects of real estate investments. This knowledge empowered her to expand her portfolio and become a full-time real estate investor.
Tax Advantages
House hacking can also lead to potential tax deductions, including mortgage interest, property taxes, and expenses related to renting out part of your home. These deductions can significantly lower your taxable income.
For example, let’s say John allocates 50% of his property’s square footage to tenant use. John can deduct 50% of the mortgage interest, property taxes, and maintenance expenses on his tax return, providing a substantial financial benefit at the end of the fiscal year.
Building Wealth Over Time
House hacking stands out not just for its immediate financial relief on living expenses but also for its profound long-term impact on wealth accumulation. By strategically applying rental income towards mortgage payments, those who house hack effectively build equity without dipping into personal savings. This method of leveraging other people’s money accelerates wealth building, offering a tangible path to increasing net worth over the years.
Instead of allocating a significant portion of their income towards housing, house hackers can redirect these funds into savings, investments, or debt reduction. This shift not only enhances financial security but also amplifies the potential for future financial growth
While outcomes can vary based on numerous factors like market dynamics and property management, the foundational strategy of house hacking provides a compelling approach to financial independence and wealth building.
Case Studies That Inspire
The real magic of house hacking comes alive through the stories of those who’ve embraced it. From the young professional who used house hacking to eliminate student debt to the couple that built a real estate empire starting with a single house hack, these narratives underscore the transformative power of this strategy.
By analyzing their journeys, we uncover a common thread—a strategic approach to living and real estate investing that turns conventional wisdom on its head and opens up new possibilities for financial independence.
Exploring Your Options: Five House Hacking Strategies
So, now that you understand what housing hacking is and what the benefits are, how do you get started? Well, depending on your goals, here are four different ways you can go about it.
1. Rent out a portion of your home
The most common way to get started house hacking is by buying a home and then renting out a portion of it. For instance, if you bought a two-story home, you could rent out the downstairs. Or, if you buy a home with a finished basement, you could live upstairs and rent out the basement.
This house hacking strategy is good in low-cost living areas because the rental income could actually cover your monthly mortgage payments. However, this may not work out in parts of the country that have a high cost of living.
2. Rent out your home entirely
If renting out a portion of your home isn’t enough to move the needle financially, then you could try renting your entire house. This could be a suitable option for anyone who is young and able to find an alternative, affordable living situation.
For instance, if you could temporarily live in a trailer or rent an apartment with a roommate, you could rent out your home for more money. This would allow you to pay off the house and cover your monthly rent payments.
3. Rent out by the room
If you’re just looking for a little extra money every month and don’t want to sacrifice the majority of your home, you could just try renting out one room. For instance, if you have a large four-bedroom home, you could rent out one room.
This gives you some extra money to put toward your mortgage payments, but you still get to enjoy the benefits of being a homeowner.
4. Rent out an additional unit
Many of the options on this list are ideal for young, single people. But what if you’re married and have a family? In that case, the idea of living with full-time roommates might not interest you.
If so, you could buy a multifamily property and rent out the other units. You could also rent out units attached to your home. This could be a unit that either comes with the house or one that you build yourself.
This will take some effort because you’ll need to fix it up and turn it into a space someone would want to rent. But if you have the interest, this could be the best way to house hack your primary residence while still protecting your family’s personal space.
5. Do a live-in flip
Live-in flipping is a popular real estate investment strategy where the investor purchases a residential property and lives in it while making improvements to increase the property’s value. The investor will then resell the property at a higher price than they originally paid for it, resulting in a profit. This strategy is often used by investors who are looking to build equity quickly.
Living in the property allows you to get to know the neighborhood, research the local market, and avoid paying rent while working on the property. The improvements you make can include anything from painting and landscaping to remodeling the interior of the home.
Legal and Tax Implications of House Hacking
Venturing into house hacking offers financial benefits but also introduces a set of legal and tax considerations that are crucial for a successful strategy. Here’s a concise overview to guide you through these aspects:
Local Zoning Laws
Zoning Requirements: Check your local zoning ordinances to ensure that your house hacking plans comply with regulations regarding rental properties, especially if you intend to modify a single-family home into a multi-unit property.
Permits: Obtain any necessary permits for renovations or conversions to avoid legal issues and ensure the safety and legality of your property for tenants.
Tax Benefits and Liabilities
Rental Income Reporting: Understand that rental income must be reported on your tax returns. Proper documentation of income and expenses is essential for accurate reporting.
Deductible Expenses: Familiarize yourself with what can be deducted, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, maintenance costs, insurance, and depreciation. These deductions can significantly reduce your taxable income.
Capital Gains: If you sell your property for a profit, be aware of capital gains tax. Living in the property for two of the five years before selling can qualify you for an exclusion on capital gains tax up to a certain limit.
Compliance with Landlord-Tenant Laws
Legal Responsibilities: As a landlord, you’ll need to adhere to state and federal laws regarding tenant rights, fair housing, and safety standards. This includes understanding eviction procedures, security deposit regulations, and the requirement for habitable living conditions.
Proper Reporting and Documentation
Keeping Records: Maintain meticulous records of all financial transactions, leases, and communications with tenants. This documentation will be vital for tax purposes and in the event of legal disputes.
Professional Advice
Consultation: Given the complexity of tax laws and real estate regulations, consulting with a tax professional and a real estate attorney can provide tailored advice and ensure you’re maximizing your benefits while minimizing legal risks.
House Hacking Checklist: Preparing for Success
House hacking requires careful planning and consideration. To ensure you’re well-prepared, we’ve compiled a comprehensive checklist. This guide will help you work through the initial stages, make informed decisions, and set you up for a successful house hacking experience.
1. Assess Your Financial Readiness
Evaluate Your Financial Health: Check your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and savings. Your financial stability will affect loan approval and interest rates.
Budget for Upfront Costs: Calculate potential down payments, closing costs, renovation expenses, and an emergency fund for unexpected repairs.
2. Understand Financing Options
Research Loan Types: Familiarize yourself with different mortgage options, including FHA loans, conventional loans, and VA loans, if applicable.
Pre-Approval: Before house hunting, get pre-approved for a mortgage to understand how much you can afford and demonstrate your seriousness to sellers.
3. Choose the Right Property
Analyze the Potential ROI: When selecting a property, assess key return on investment (ROI) metrics, including cash flow, cash-on-cash return, net operating income (NOI), and cap rate. These metrics will help you understand the financial performance and potential profitability of the property.
Location: Select a location with high rental demand, considering factors like proximity to schools, employment centers, and public transportation.
Property Type: Decide whether a single-family home, multifamily property, or another type of property, suits your goals and budget best.
Condition: Be realistic about the amount of work you can handle. A fixer-upper may offer a higher return but requires more investment upfront.
4. Plan for Landlord Responsibilities
Understand Landlord-Tenant Laws: Research local laws regarding landlord responsibilities, eviction processes, and tenant rights.
Create a Lease Agreement: Draft a clear and comprehensive lease agreement that outlines rent, rules, and responsibilities. Consider seeking the advice of a legal professional.
5. Prepare for Property Management
Tenant Screening: Develop a process for screening tenants, including credit and background checks, to ensure reliability and compatibility.
Maintenance and Repairs: Plan for regular maintenance and emergency repairs. Consider whether you’ll handle repairs yourself or hire professionals.
6. Consider Privacy and Lifestyle Changes
Set Boundaries: Think about how you’ll maintain privacy and manage shared spaces, especially if renting out part of your primary residence.
Adjust Expectations: Living with tenants or managing a rental property can bring challenges. Be prepared for a lifestyle adjustment.
7. Develop an Exit Strategy
Long-Term Goals: Consider your long-term real estate and financial goals. How does house hacking fit into your broader investment strategy?
Resale Considerations: Keep potential resale value in mind when choosing and maintaining your property. Making wise improvements can enhance future profitability.
8. Continuous Learning
Educate Yourself: Real estate and property management are complex fields. Continually seek knowledge through books, podcasts, and networking with experienced investors.
This checklist is your starting point for a thoughtful and structured approach to house hacking. By addressing each item, you’re laying a solid foundation for your real estate investment journey, poised to navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of this strategic endeavor.
Bottom Line
House hacking is a creative way to pay off your mortgage, improve your monthly cash flow, and gain real estate experience. You can begin house hacking as a way to earn a little extra cash every month, or you could treat it like a long-term real estate investment strategy. You can put as much or as little into it as you want.
Just make sure you do your due diligence before getting started. Make any necessary adjustments to the house, choose your tenants carefully, and take your responsibilities as a landlord seriously. This allows you to make the most of your house hacking experience.
Imagine slashing your monthly mortgage payment to zero or, better yet, turning a profit from the very place you call home. This isn’t a daydream for the financially savvy few; it’s the reality of house hacking.
Through the eyes of those who’ve made it work, house hacking transforms your living situation into an opportunity for financial freedom. From young professionals to families, people across the country are finding that their biggest expense—housing—can actually become their biggest asset.
What is house hacking?
House hacking is a strategy that involves purchasing a primary residence with the intention of living in one part while renting out the rest as a rental property. This could mean buying a multifamily home and living in one unit, renting out the others, or even renting out spare bedrooms in a single-family home. The rent collected from tenants goes towards the mortgage and other property-related expenses, potentially allowing the owner to live for free or even make a profit.
A Spectrum of Possibilities
The beauty of house hacking lies in its flexibility. Here are a few scenarios to illustrate its range:
The Multi-Unit Maven: Alex buys a duplex, lives in one unit, and rents out the other. The rent from the second unit covers the mortgage, meaning Alex lives mortgage-free.
The Single-Family Sharer: Jamie purchases a four-bedroom house, occupies one room, and rents out the other three. The rental income covers all housing costs.
The Basement Dweller: Casey acquires a home with a separate basement apartment. Living in the basement, Casey rents out the main floor, using the rent to pay the mortgage and save for future investments.
These examples highlight how you can house hack to adapt to different housing markets, personal living preferences, and financial goals. Whether you’re drawn to the idea of living rent-free, eager to dive into real estate investment, or looking for a way to reduce your housing expenses, house hacking offers a practical path to achieving your objectives.
Tailoring the Strategy to Your Lifestyle
Choosing the right house hacking approach depends on your lifestyle, financial goals, and how comfortable you are sharing your space. Considerations include the type of investment property, your desired level of interaction with tenants, and local market conditions. The key is to find a balance that works for you, ensuring your home remains a comfortable place for you while optimizing its income potential.
By embracing the concept of house hacking, you can transform your approach to homeownership, turning a typically expensive part of your life into a source of income. With careful planning and a bit of creativity, your journey towards financial independence might just start at your own front door.
Benefits of House Hacking
House hacking isn’t just a real estate strategy; it’s a lifestyle adjustment that opens doors to numerous financial and personal benefits. Let’s dive into the advantages, supported by real-world examples and data, to understand why so many are turning to house hacking as a way to improve their financial health.
Financial Freedom Faster
One of the most compelling benefits of house hacking is the accelerated path it provides toward financial freedom. By significantly reducing or eliminating one of life’s largest expenses—housing—you can allocate funds towards paying down debt, investing, or saving for future goals.
For instance, consider the case of Sam, who purchased a triplex, lived in one unit, and rented out the other two. The rental income not only covered the mortgage but also allowed Sam to save an additional $1,000 a month. This extra savings contributed to Sam’s ability to retire early, a dream that seemed unreachable before house hacking.
Access to Better Financing Options
House hackers often enjoy more favorable financing terms. Owner-occupants can qualify for lower down payments and better interest rates compared to traditional investment property loans.
For example, an FHA loan might require as little as 3.5% down for a multi-unit property, provided one of the units will be owner-occupied. This lower barrier to entry makes real estate investment accessible to more people. Data shows that owner-occupied financing options can save homeowners thousands of dollars over the life of a loan, making the investment in house hacking even more appealing.
Learning the Ropes of Real Estate Investing
House hacking serves as an invaluable hands-on education in real estate investing and property management. This benefit is difficult to quantify, but incredibly valuable.
Take Angela, who started her real estate journey through house hacking. By managing her duplex, Angela gained firsthand experience in screening tenants, handling maintenance issues, and understanding the financial aspects of real estate investments. This knowledge empowered her to expand her portfolio and become a full-time real estate investor.
Tax Advantages
House hacking can also lead to potential tax deductions, including mortgage interest, property taxes, and expenses related to renting out part of your home. These deductions can significantly lower your taxable income.
For example, let’s say John allocates 50% of his property’s square footage to tenant use. John can deduct 50% of the mortgage interest, property taxes, and maintenance expenses on his tax return, providing a substantial financial benefit at the end of the fiscal year.
Building Wealth Over Time
House hacking stands out not just for its immediate financial relief on living expenses but also for its profound long-term impact on wealth accumulation. By strategically applying rental income towards mortgage payments, those who house hack effectively build equity without dipping into personal savings. This method of leveraging other people’s money accelerates wealth building, offering a tangible path to increasing net worth over the years.
Instead of allocating a significant portion of their income towards housing, house hackers can redirect these funds into savings, investments, or debt reduction. This shift not only enhances financial security but also amplifies the potential for future financial growth
While outcomes can vary based on numerous factors like market dynamics and property management, the foundational strategy of house hacking provides a compelling approach to financial independence and wealth building.
Case Studies That Inspire
The real magic of house hacking comes alive through the stories of those who’ve embraced it. From the young professional who used house hacking to eliminate student debt to the couple that built a real estate empire starting with a single house hack, these narratives underscore the transformative power of this strategy.
By analyzing their journeys, we uncover a common thread—a strategic approach to living and real estate investing that turns conventional wisdom on its head and opens up new possibilities for financial independence.
Exploring Your Options: Five House Hacking Strategies
So, now that you understand what housing hacking is and what the benefits are, how do you get started? Well, depending on your goals, here are four different ways you can go about it.
1. Rent out a portion of your home
The most common way to get started house hacking is by buying a home and then renting out a portion of it. For instance, if you bought a two-story home, you could rent out the downstairs. Or, if you buy a home with a finished basement, you could live upstairs and rent out the basement.
This house hacking strategy is good in low-cost living areas because the rental income could actually cover your monthly mortgage payments. However, this may not work out in parts of the country that have a high cost of living.
2. Rent out your home entirely
If renting out a portion of your home isn’t enough to move the needle financially, then you could try renting your entire house. This could be a suitable option for anyone who is young and able to find an alternative, affordable living situation.
For instance, if you could temporarily live in a trailer or rent an apartment with a roommate, you could rent out your home for more money. This would allow you to pay off the house and cover your monthly rent payments.
3. Rent out by the room
If you’re just looking for a little extra money every month and don’t want to sacrifice the majority of your home, you could just try renting out one room. For instance, if you have a large four-bedroom home, you could rent out one room.
This gives you some extra money to put toward your mortgage payments, but you still get to enjoy the benefits of being a homeowner.
4. Rent out an additional unit
Many of the options on this list are ideal for young, single people. But what if you’re married and have a family? In that case, the idea of living with full-time roommates might not interest you.
If so, you could buy a multifamily property and rent out the other units. You could also rent out units attached to your home. This could be a unit that either comes with the house or one that you build yourself.
This will take some effort because you’ll need to fix it up and turn it into a space someone would want to rent. But if you have the interest, this could be the best way to house hack your primary residence while still protecting your family’s personal space.
5. Do a live-in flip
Live-in flipping is a popular real estate investment strategy where the investor purchases a residential property and lives in it while making improvements to increase the property’s value. The investor will then resell the property at a higher price than they originally paid for it, resulting in a profit. This strategy is often used by investors who are looking to build equity quickly.
Living in the property allows you to get to know the neighborhood, research the local market, and avoid paying rent while working on the property. The improvements you make can include anything from painting and landscaping to remodeling the interior of the home.
Legal and Tax Implications of House Hacking
Venturing into house hacking offers financial benefits but also introduces a set of legal and tax considerations that are crucial for a successful strategy. Here’s a concise overview to guide you through these aspects:
Local Zoning Laws
Zoning Requirements: Check your local zoning ordinances to ensure that your house hacking plans comply with regulations regarding rental properties, especially if you intend to modify a single-family home into a multi-unit property.
Permits: Obtain any necessary permits for renovations or conversions to avoid legal issues and ensure the safety and legality of your property for tenants.
Tax Benefits and Liabilities
Rental Income Reporting: Understand that rental income must be reported on your tax returns. Proper documentation of income and expenses is essential for accurate reporting.
Deductible Expenses: Familiarize yourself with what can be deducted, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, maintenance costs, insurance, and depreciation. These deductions can significantly reduce your taxable income.
Capital Gains: If you sell your property for a profit, be aware of capital gains tax. Living in the property for two of the five years before selling can qualify you for an exclusion on capital gains tax up to a certain limit.
Compliance with Landlord-Tenant Laws
Legal Responsibilities: As a landlord, you’ll need to adhere to state and federal laws regarding tenant rights, fair housing, and safety standards. This includes understanding eviction procedures, security deposit regulations, and the requirement for habitable living conditions.
Proper Reporting and Documentation
Keeping Records: Maintain meticulous records of all financial transactions, leases, and communications with tenants. This documentation will be vital for tax purposes and in the event of legal disputes.
Professional Advice
Consultation: Given the complexity of tax laws and real estate regulations, consulting with a tax professional and a real estate attorney can provide tailored advice and ensure you’re maximizing your benefits while minimizing legal risks.
House Hacking Checklist: Preparing for Success
House hacking requires careful planning and consideration. To ensure you’re well-prepared, we’ve compiled a comprehensive checklist. This guide will help you work through the initial stages, make informed decisions, and set you up for a successful house hacking experience.
1. Assess Your Financial Readiness
Evaluate Your Financial Health: Check your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and savings. Your financial stability will affect loan approval and interest rates.
Budget for Upfront Costs: Calculate potential down payments, closing costs, renovation expenses, and an emergency fund for unexpected repairs.
2. Understand Financing Options
Research Loan Types: Familiarize yourself with different mortgage options, including FHA loans, conventional loans, and VA loans, if applicable.
Pre-Approval: Before house hunting, get pre-approved for a mortgage to understand how much you can afford and demonstrate your seriousness to sellers.
3. Choose the Right Property
Analyze the Potential ROI: When selecting a property, assess key return on investment (ROI) metrics, including cash flow, cash-on-cash return, net operating income (NOI), and cap rate. These metrics will help you understand the financial performance and potential profitability of the property.
Location: Select a location with high rental demand, considering factors like proximity to schools, employment centers, and public transportation.
Property Type: Decide whether a single-family home, multifamily property, or another type of property, suits your goals and budget best.
Condition: Be realistic about the amount of work you can handle. A fixer-upper may offer a higher return but requires more investment upfront.
4. Plan for Landlord Responsibilities
Understand Landlord-Tenant Laws: Research local laws regarding landlord responsibilities, eviction processes, and tenant rights.
Create a Lease Agreement: Draft a clear and comprehensive lease agreement that outlines rent, rules, and responsibilities. Consider seeking the advice of a legal professional.
5. Prepare for Property Management
Tenant Screening: Develop a process for screening tenants, including credit and background checks, to ensure reliability and compatibility.
Maintenance and Repairs: Plan for regular maintenance and emergency repairs. Consider whether you’ll handle repairs yourself or hire professionals.
6. Consider Privacy and Lifestyle Changes
Set Boundaries: Think about how you’ll maintain privacy and manage shared spaces, especially if renting out part of your primary residence.
Adjust Expectations: Living with tenants or managing a rental property can bring challenges. Be prepared for a lifestyle adjustment.
7. Develop an Exit Strategy
Long-Term Goals: Consider your long-term real estate and financial goals. How does house hacking fit into your broader investment strategy?
Resale Considerations: Keep potential resale value in mind when choosing and maintaining your property. Making wise improvements can enhance future profitability.
8. Continuous Learning
Educate Yourself: Real estate and property management are complex fields. Continually seek knowledge through books, podcasts, and networking with experienced investors.
This checklist is your starting point for a thoughtful and structured approach to house hacking. By addressing each item, you’re laying a solid foundation for your real estate investment journey, poised to navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of this strategic endeavor.
Bottom Line
House hacking is a creative way to pay off your mortgage, improve your monthly cash flow, and gain real estate experience. You can begin house hacking as a way to earn a little extra cash every month, or you could treat it like a long-term real estate investment strategy. You can put as much or as little into it as you want.
Just make sure you do your due diligence before getting started. Make any necessary adjustments to the house, choose your tenants carefully, and take your responsibilities as a landlord seriously. This allows you to make the most of your house hacking experience.