Taking that much needed vacation while on a debt payoff journey may seem impossible, but it doesn’t have to be. By planning a vacation that suits your budget and keeps goals on track, you can transport yourself somewhere new and recharge.
It’s an approach Jasmine Gillians, a leave of absence specialist and YouTuber at the channel Jazzie RayShaune, is taking with her husband. On their second debt payoff journey, the Kansas City, Missouri-based couple is working on eliminating around $64,000 in remaining debt. Previously, they took the stricter path of staying home all the time and avoiding spending on extras. She sums it up as “miserable.”
“We both work full time and we want to be able to get a breath of fresh air, but we also wanted to be mindful that we still have debt to pay off,” she says. “We like to get out, we like to enjoy ourselves, but we just realized that we can still do that on a good budget.”
Time isn’t promised, especially when it comes to vacationing with elderly family members or if starting a new job that won’t accrue paid time off for a while. When deciding whether to travel, consider the emotional and monetary cost. Choose the option of no regrets that allows you to stay true to your debt payoff plan.
Review the budget
Revisit debit and credit card statements to know where money is going. Know your numbers, including income, expenses and debt, suggests Tiffany Grant, a North Carolina-based accredited financial counselor. Understand how much to contribute monthly to pay off debts by your deadline, and prevent setbacks by building an emergency fund.
Use this information to see if it’s also possible to start a vacation fund. If money is tight, consider whether focusing only on debt makes more sense.
“If you are not able to make your payments — and like not even the minimum payments — and you’re running in the negative every month, then you probably shouldn’t be traveling,” says Grant. “Or if you do, something that’s super low cost.”
Also consider if it’s possible to cut back in certain areas to accelerate savings. Instead of taking the strict approach from the previous debt payoff journey, Gillians found ways to trim expenses to allow for more flexibility with spending.
“Things like a date night may not be dinner and a movie, it may be movie night at home,” she says. “We were already the majority of the time working out at home, so we canceled our gym memberships.”
For added savings, Gillians says she also switched to cheaper providers for things like streaming services. With these adjustments, Gillians was able to plan a vacation to Destin, Florida, to celebrate her husband’s 50th birthday.
Make a plan
Brainstorm destinations and research potential costs for transportation, accommodations, activities, food and possibly foreign transaction fees. Also leave a cushion in that vacation budget for unforeseen expenses.
Consider these options to find savings:
Redeeming rewards. On a debt payoff journey, it’s not ideal to chase credit card rewards, but using those already earned may help defray the costs of a vacation. Rewards earned through a loyalty program may also chip away at costs. Gillians says she was able to save $40 on her trip with rewards earned through Vrbo.
Exploring free or low-cost activities at your destination. Think about ways to experience a destination on a budget. For instance, consider going on a free walking tour (many cities offer these), exploring a national park on a free day or taking in some culture with free museum admission. If your budget permits, you may also get the resort experience without the high price tag. Companies like ResortPass allow you to pay for use of a hotel’s spa, pool or gym for the day. If you’re with a large group, though, these costs can add up.
Cooking your meals. By buying groceries outside of populated tourist areas and making your own meals, whether at a hotel or vacation rental, you’ll save money versus eating at restaurants. If that’s not for you, build dining expenses into the vacation fund.
Being flexible with accommodations. Where you stay depends on your preferences and needs. Weigh a variety of options, including camp sites, hostels, vacation rentals that you can split with a group, and last-minute hotel deals. A “mystery” hotel deal through a service like Priceline or Hotwire can save on costs, but the key details of the hotel are secret until you book it. You’ll see only the price, number of stars, guest rating, limited photos, a general overview of the location and a list of amenities.
Compromising on transportation. Make travel more affordable by staying local or traveling during the off season. Websites like Going, Fare Deal Alert and The Flight Deal can alert you to cheap flights. In addition to the cost of flying or driving to your destination, factor in the price of transportation once you arrive. If it’s safe to take, public transit may provide lower costs than rideshares, taxis, rental cars or other options.
Also, consider other ways to save. “I save gift cards that I get for Christmas and birthdays,” says Gillians. For her upcoming trip, she says she used three airline gift cards to save $300 on flights.
Checking for discounts. You might qualify for discounts based on employment, a credit card or another option. If you have a AAA or warehouse club membership, for example, you may be eligible for discounts on rental cars, hotels, or tickets to sporting events and theme parks. Some credit cards also provide discounts when you use them to shop with specific merchants. If you can pay off the purchase in full and avoid derailing your debt payoff journey, this option could allow you to save on dining, hotels and more.
If you’re trying to save some money, trimming some discretionary spending categories from your budget can be a good way to start.
But it isn’t necessarily the only or best way to save — especially if reducing or removing things like streaming services, concerts, or monthly massages from your budget makes it harder to stick to your plan.
Instead, it may make sense to track where your money is going for a few weeks and then take a look at all your spending categories to determine which cuts could have the biggest impact.
What Are Spending Categories?
Spending categories can help you group similar expenses together to better organize your budget. They can come in handy when you’re laying out your spending priorities, deciding how much money to allot toward various wants and needs, and determining whether an expense is essential or nonessential.
Many of the budgets you’ll see online use pretty much the same spending categories, such as housing, transportation, utilities, food, childcare, and entertainment. But you may find it’s more useful to track your spending for a while with a money tracker, and then create some of your own categories. You may choose to drill down to specific bills or go broader, breaking down your budget into just the basics.
By personalizing your spending categories, you may be able to put together a budget that’s more manageable — and, therefore, one you’re more likely to stay with.
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How Do Spending Categories Work?
To customize your spending categories, it can help to gather as much information as possible about where your money is actually going.
You can start by looking at old bank and credit card statements to get a good picture of past spending. Your bigger spending categories should be easier to figure out. Those bills are often due on the same day every month and are usually about the same amount. But you’ll also want to keep an eye out for expenses that come just once or a few times a year (such as taxes, vet bills, etc.). And, if you use cash frequently, you’ll want to determine where that money went, too.
A tracking app can help you grasp the hard truth about your spending as you move forward. That cute plant you bought for your windowsill? Pitching in for a co-worker’s going-away gift? Those little splurges can add up before you know it.
Once your spending picture comes into focus, you can divide your expenses into useful personal budget categories, and start thinking about what you might be able to trim or cut out altogether. 💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.
Examples of Spending Categories
Although it can be effective to organize your spending categories in a way that’s unique to you, there are a few basic classifications that can work for most households when making a budget: They include:
Essential Spending
• Housing: This category could include your rent or mortgage payment, property taxes, homeowners or renters insurance, HOA fees, etc.
• Utilities: You could limit this to basic services like gas, electricity, and water, or you might decide to include your cell phone service, cable, and WiFi costs.
• Food: This amount could be limited to what you spend on groceries every month, or it could include your at-home and away-from-home food costs.
• Transportation: Your car payment could go in this category, along with fuel costs, parking fees, car maintenance, car insurance, public transportation, and DMV fees. You could also include the cost of Uber rides.
• Childcare: If you need childcare while you work, this cost would be considered necessary spending. If it’s for a night out, you may want to move it to the entertainment or personal care category.
• Medical Costs and Health Care: This could include your health insurance premiums, insurance co-pays and prescription costs, vision and dental care, etc.
• Clothing: Clothing is a must-have, of course, but with limits. You may want to put impulse items in a separate category as a nonessential or discretionary expense.
Non-essential Spending
• Travel: This category would be for any travel that isn’t work-related, whether it’s a road trip or a vacation in Paris.
• Entertainment: You could get pretty broad in this category, but anything from streaming services and videogames to concerts and plays could go here.
• Personal: This might be your category for things like salon visits, your gym membership, and clothes and accessories that are more of a want than a need.
• Gifts: If you’re a generous gift-giver, you may find you need a separate category for these expenses.
Other Spending
• Savings and investments: Though it isn’t “essential” for day-to-day life, putting money aside for long- and short-term goals is a must for most budgets.
• Emergency fund: This will be your go-to for unexpected car repairs, home repairs, or medical bills.
• Debt repayment: Student loan payments, credit card debt, and other balances you’re trying to pay off could fit in this category.
Pros and Cons of Spending Categories
The idea of making a budget can be daunting, particularly if you’re trying to fit your needs and wants into spending categories that aren’t suited to how you live. Here are some pros and cons to using categories for spending that might keep you motivated and help you avoid potential budgeting pitfalls.
Pros
• More control: Creating a budget with spending categories that match your lifestyle can help you put your money toward things that really matter to you.
• Less stress: If you’re living paycheck to paycheck even though you know your income is sufficient to cover your needs, a budget with realistic spending categories can help you see where your money is going.
• Better planning: Whether you’re trying to save for a vacation, wedding, house, retirement, or all of the above, including those goals in your spending categories will help ensure they get your attention.
Cons
• May feel limiting: Working with a budget can feel restrictive, especially if you’ve been winging it for a while or aren’t including enough discretionary spending.
• Time consuming: It might take some trial and error to find a budget system that works for you. And if you’re budgeting as a couple, you’ll likely have to work out some compromises when determining your spending categories.
• Requires maintenance: Budgeting isn’t a one and done. You’ll be more likely to succeed if you consistently track your spending to make sure you’re hitting your goals.
Common Spending Categories to Cut First
Often when you see or hear budgeting advice, it tends to focus on cutting back on small extras — $6 daily lattes at your favorite café, for example, or those weekly Happy Meals for the kids. Some other top spending categories that traditionally are among the first to hit the chopping block include:
• Gym memberships
• Dining out
• Subscription services you don’t use anymore
• Cable
• Personal care services you can do at home for less, such as manicures and pedicures
• Alcoholic beverages
• Cigarettes and vaping products
• Vacations
But it can also be useful to review, and potentially cut back on, how much you’re budgeting for basic living expenses, such as:
• Clothing and shoes
• Utility bills
• Groceries
• Insurance
• Cars
• Cellphones and computers
• Rent
Tips for Customizing Your Spending Categories
As you create your spending plan, keep in mind that it doesn’t have to be like anyone else’s. If you track your expenses and use that information to create your personalized budget, you may have a better chance of building a plan you can stick with.
Here are some more steps to consider as you get started:
• Be realistic. It may take a while to get to your goal, but doing even a little bit consistently can make a difference. Know yourself and do what you can.
• Don’t forget irregular expenses. Bills that you pay every month can be easy to remember. (You might even put them on autopay to make things more convenient.) But infrequent expenses such as tax bills can get away from you if you don’t include them in your spending categories.
• Avoid spending more than you have. Knowing how much you’ll have left after taxes each month is an important part of successful planning. An emergency fund can help you stay on track when unexpected expenses pop up.
• Leave room for fun. Eliminating date nights and small splurges completely could make it much harder to stay with your plan.
• Pay yourself. Make saving and investing goals a separate spending category.
• Find a budgeting method that works for you. Whether it’s the popular 50/30/20 budget — which divides your after-tax income into needs, wants, and savings — or a detailed spending breakdown with multiple categories, try various budgeting methods until you find one that motivates you.
💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.
The Takeaway
Want to save some money but know you need to make some changes? Monitoring where your money is going every month can help you create a spending plan with categories that are customized to your needs, wants, and goals. A plan that’s realistic, but not too restrictive, can give you the kind of control and motivation you need to get and stay on track financially.
Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.
With SoFi, you can keep tabs on how your money comes and goes.
FAQ
What are the four main categories in a budget?
The four main spending categories for most budgets are housing, food, utilities, and transportation. Once you’ve established how much you’ll need to cover these costs, you can move on to planning for other expenses.
What is the 50/30/20 rule of budgeting?
The 50/30/20 rule is a budgeting method that allocates your take-home income to three main spending categories: needs or essentials (50%), wants or nonessentials (30%), and saving or financial goals (20%).
What are the four characteristics of a successful budget?
A successful budget usually includes accurate income and spending projections, realistic and personalized spending categories, consistent and frequent check-ins, and solid savings goals.
Photo credit: iStock/mapodile
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Deciding on a streaming service can be a difficult choice when there are so many companies and plans to choose from. Many households subscribe to popular platforms like Netflix and Prime Video, but there are a multitude of other options including Sling TV, which had about 2 million subscribers as of the fourth quarter of 2023.
Sling TV is a streaming platform owned by Dish Network that has live TV, including sports, and on-demand shows and movies. There are no contracts and you can cancel at any time.
You can stream for free or pay for upgraded services with a subscription. Read on to find out the features each plan offers.
How much is Sling Freestream per month?
As the name implies, Sling Freestream is free. You don’t even need an account to access it, though creating one will give you a more personalized experience like being able to create a favorite watch list.
While shows include ads, Freestream has over 500 live TV channels and a library of 40,000 on-demand shows and movies.
If you’re looking for a no-cost solution for streaming and you don’t mind watching ads, Freestream could be a good choice. If you want the most current live program selections, Sling TV’s paid subscriptions provide that.
How much is Sling TV per month?
Sling TV has several paid subscriptions for live TV: Sling Orange, Sling Blue and Sling Orange + Blue. All of the plans are ad-supported, but include 50 hours of DVR storage so you could record shows and fast-forward through commercials.
Prices vary based on location, and first-month price promotions are common. Input your ZIP code on Sling’s website to see pricing and features available for each plan in your area.
Sling Orange
Sling Orange typically costs $40 per month and comes with 32 channels, including seven sports and family channels like ESPN and Disney that can’t be found on Sling Blue’s plan. You’ll be able to stream on just one device at a time with the Orange plan.
Sling Blue
Sling Blue varies from $40 to $45 per month depending on your location. With Sling Blue, you won’t get the family and sports channels available on Sling Orange, but you will get other channels that Orange doesn’t have like Bravo and FX. You can stream on up to three devices at one time on this plan.
Sling Orange + Blue
Deciding between Sling Orange and Blue may not be a straightforward choice as each includes popular channels that the other doesn’t. Determining which one to go with comes down to what your viewing preferences are and the channels you want.
If you want access to all channels, you can get Sling Orange + Blue for $55 to $60 per month. This plan combines the Orange and Blue channel packages into one subscription. While you’ll pay a little extra for this plan, you won’t have to worry about missing a game on ESPN or not catching the latest reality shows on Bravo because you’ll have access to the full channel lineup.
Sling TV extras
One of the unique features of Sling TV is the ability to create your own add-ons, or Extras as Sling refers to them, to customize your viewing experience. Extras are mini-channel collections that can be added to your subscription.
There are specific offerings available for Orange and Blue plans so you’ll want to check Sling’s website to see which channel collections are available for your subscription type.
Extras range from $6 to $11 per month and include the following categories:
Entertainment Extra: $6 per month for extra entertainment channels such as Paramount Network and MTV.
Heartland Extra: $6 per month for outdoor sporting channels like Sportsman Channel.
Hollywood Extra: $6 per month for movie-focused channels like Sundance TV and TCM.
Kids Extra: $6 per month for children’s channels like Disney Junior and NickToons.
Lifestyle Extra: $6 per month for lifestyle content such as Hallmark Channel and Cooking Channel.
News Extra: $6 per month for national and world news channels like BBC World News and News Nation.
Sports Extra: $11 per month for sports channels like NHL Network and MLB Network.
You also have an option to buy more than one Extra for a small cost savings. For instance, for $13 per month, you can get a bundle that includes four Extras, which is a savings of about $10 per month compared with buying each Extra without the grouped pricing.
For subscribers seeking premium channels, like Showtime or Starz, those can be added for an additional monthly fee. There are currently about 35 premium Extras to choose from, depending on where you live; they range in monthly price from $1.99 to $10.
How Sling TV might fit into your budget
A helpful budgeting method is the 50/30/20 budget, where you allocate 50% of your income to needs and minimum debt payments, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings and debt repayment beyond those minimums.
A streaming service like Sling TV usually falls into the 30% wants category, meaning it would be nice to have but isn’t essential to your survival in the same way that needs are.
With hundreds of streaming services to choose from, knowing how much you can spend in your wants category — and what streaming features you value most — is a good starting point in making a selection.
You could look for ways to save money by reviewing Sling TV’s offerings to see if there are any deals you can score.
For instance, if you don’t want to commit to a paid subscription but Freestream doesn’t quite fit your needs, you could explore purchasing standalone channels. You don’t need a Sling base service to add Extras like Showtime or Starz. Standalone channels start at $3 per month.
You can also take advantage of Sling TV’s promotions, which we’ve seen with $10 to $25 off the first month.
If you need a streaming device, Sling TV currently gives new subscribers an AirTV Mini — a device optimized specifically for Sling — for free when you prepay two months.
Retirement is supposed to be a time for enjoying life after decades of work. Yet many women are in a financially precarious situation when it comes to the so-called “golden years.” In a 2023 SoFi survey, 57% of women said they aren’t saving for retirement. Similarly, 50% have no personal retirement savings according to a 2022 Census Bureau Report.
Given that women now outlive men by approximately six years, according to a recent study in JAMA, they need to save for an even longer retirement than their male counterparts. That makes the fact that they have fewer funds earmarked for retirement even more troubling.
Why aren’t women saving for the future? And how can they start financially preparing for retirement? Read on to learn about the retirement gender divide, why it exists, and some possible solutions for overcoming it.
A Look at Retirement Trends for Women and Men
There has long been a disparity in retirement savings for men and women. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, as women get older, their chances of living in poverty increase, a trend that has persisted for at least 50 years, when such data collection started.
Consider the current retirement savings divide between women and men today, as reported by respondents to the SoFi 2023 Ambitions Survey:
Retirement Savings for Women and Men in US
According to the survey of Americans ages 18 to 75, men have a median retirement savings that’s about $40,000 to $60,000 higher than women’s savings. In addition, 11% more women than men aren’t saving for retirement, and likewise 11% more women don’t know how much is in their retirement savings. In fact, 33% of women have less than $5,000 in retirement savings, the survey found.
Men
Women
Median Retirement Savings
$70,001-$80,000
$20,001-$30,000
% Not Saving for Retirement
46%
57%
% Who Don’t Know What Their Retirement Savings Is
45%
56%
*Source: SoFi Ambition Survey, 2023
This savings disparity typically begins early in adult life and accumulates over time. Employment, marriage, and motherhood all play a role.
💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
How Marriage and Children Impact Retirement
Women aged 55 to 66 who have been married once tend to have more retirement savings than women who have never been married, or those who have been married two or more times. According to a recent income survey from the U.S. Census Bureau, close to 37% of women married once have no retirement savings, compared to 41% of women married two or more times and 55% who never married.
Women, Marriage and Retirement Savings*
Women Married Once
Women Married Two or More Times
Women Who Never Married
36.7% have no retirement savings
40.9% have no retirement savings
54.5% have no retirement savings
11.8% have $1 to $24,999
11.8% have $1 to $24,999
11.7% have $1 to $24,999
14.9% have $25,000 to $99,999
13.6% have $25,000 to $99,999
13.6% have $25,000 to $99,999
36.6% have $100,000 or more
33.7% have $100,000 or more
20.2% have $100,000 or more
*Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation
In a divorce, some couples may be required to split their retirement savings or one may need to transfer some of their retirement funds to the other, which could be one of the reasons why the percentage of those without retirement savings is lower among women married two or more times than those who never married.
Motherhood and Money
When women have children, they often take time off from the workforce and/or may work part-time, which can have an impact on their earnings. According to an analysis by the Pew Research Center, among people 35 to 44, 94% of fathers are active in the workforce while 75% of mothers are.
Motherhood is also a time when the wage gap comes into play. In 2022, mothers 25 to 34 earned 85% of what fathers the same age did, while women without children at home earned 97% of what fathers earned, the Pew analysis found. The less money women make, the less they have to save for retirement.
Earnings for Mothers 25-34
85% of what fathers earned
Earnings for Women 25-34 Without Children at Home
97% of what fathers earned
*Source: Pew Research Center, 2023
Earning less also affects the Social Security benefits women get in retirement. While men got $1,838 a month on average in Social Security in 2022, women received on average $1,484, according to the Social Security Administration.
Retirement Is a Top Priority for Women and a Bigger Concern
While saving for retirement is the top goal for women, they are also focused on, and perhaps feeling stress about, paying off credit card and student loan debt, according to the SoFi Ambitions Survey.
Overall, women tend to perceive financial goals and success quite differently than men do. Two-thirds of female survey respondents said their marker of success is being able to feed their families. By comparison, one-third of men said their marker of success is being seen as successful, while another one-third say it’s reaching a certain income bracket.
That divergence may help explain why men are far more likely than women to consider investing a top financial goal, which could help them build retirement savings. For women, investing is at the bottom of the list of their financial priorities, perhaps out of necessity.
Women’s Financial Goals vs. Men’s Financial Goals
Women’s Financial Goals
Men’s Financial Goals
Saving for retirement: 45% Paying down credit card debt: 41% Paying down student loans: 39% Continue Investing: 33%
Continue Investing: 52% Saving for retirement: 49% Paying down credit card debt: 33% Paying down student loans: 27%
*Source: SoFi Ambition Survey, 2023
Retirement is women’s number-one goal and it’s also one of their greatest worries. One in five female respondents to SoFi’s survey said they may not be able to retire.
Those Who Worry They Won’t Be Able to Retire
Women
Men
20%
15%
*Source: SoFi Ambition Survey, 2023
That means women are 33% more likely than men to believe that retirement may not happen for them.
Even if they can retire, there is no guarantee women’s savings will cover their expenses. In fact, women are approximately 10% more likely than men to say they are concerned about outliving their assets and having enough savings, according to a report from McKinsey Insights.
Recommended: When Can I Retire?
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Why Are Women Facing a Retirement Gap?
In addition to the financial impact of marriage, motherhood, and lower earnings, women also experience some additional barriers to retirement saving.
For instance, a report from the Global Financial Literacy Excellence Center found that women tend to score lower in financial literacy than men do. And women with lower financial literacy are less likely to save and plan for retirement, according to the research.
Women also lack confidence when it comes to investing. Only 33% see themselves as investors, according to a 2022 SoFi Women and Investing Insights analysis, and 71% of their assets are in cash, rather than in investments or a retirement account, where their funds might have the potential to grow.
Minding and Mending the Gap
So how can women and society at large move forward and start closing the retirement gap?
The first step is for everyone, across all genders and ages, to build confidence in their financial skills by learning about money, saving, and investing. Knowledge helps create strength and belief in oneself, and it’s never too early or too late to start learning.
There are numerous good resources on retirement planning, to help individuals determine how much they may need to save for retirement and strategies that could help them get there. They can also sign up for financial classes and courses, and they might even want to consult a financial advisor.
At work, employees can participate in their employer’s 401(k) plan or any other retirement savings plan offered. Because money is automatically deducted from their paychecks and placed in their 401(k) account, saving may be easier to accomplish.
💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that a traditional Individual Retirement Account, or IRA, is a tax-deferred account? That means you don’t pay taxes on the money you put in it (up to an annual limit) or the gains you earn, until you retire and start making withdrawals.
How to Start Saving for Retirement
No matter what your age, the time to kick off your retirement savings is now. Here’s how to begin.
Figure out your retirement budget.
To determine the amount you’ll need for retirement, think about what you want your life after work to look like. Do you want to move to a smaller, less expensive home? Do you hope to travel as much as possible? Having a clear picture of your goals can help you calculate how much you might need.
You can also consider the 4% rule, which suggests withdrawing 4% of your retirement savings each year of retirement so that you don’t outlive your savings. That could give you a ballpark to aim for.
Cut back on current expenses.
Take an honest look at what you’re spending right now on everything from rent or your mortgage to car payments, groceries, clothing, and entertainment. Find things to cut or trim — for example, do you really need three streaming services? — and put that money into your retirement savings instead.
Some savvy belt tightening now could help give you a more financially secure future.
Contribute as much as you can to your 401(k).
If you can max out your 401(k), go for it. You’re allowed (per IRS rules) to contribute up to $23,000 in 2024. If that much isn’t possible, contribute at least enough to get your employer’s matching contribution. That’s essentially “free money” that can help build your retirement savings.
Consider opening an IRA.
If you’ve contributed the max to your workplace retirement plan, a traditional or Roth IRA could help you save even more for retirement. You can contribute up to $7,000 in an IRA for 2024, or $8,000 if you’re 50 or older. IRAs offer certain tax advantages that may help you save money as well by lowering your taxable income the year you contribute (traditional IRA), or allowing you to withdraw your money tax-free in retirement (Roth IRA).
Diversify your portfolio.
Whatever type of retirement account you have, including a brokerage account, diversifying your portfolio — which means investing your money across a variety of different asset classes — may help mitigate (though not eliminate) risk, rather than concentrating your funds all in one area.
Just make sure that the way you allocate your assets matches your retirement goals and your risk tolerance.
The Takeaway
Women are far behind men when it comes to retirement savings, due to a number of factors, including earning lower wages, and motherhood, which can mean time away from work, costing them in lost earnings. There’s also an emotional component involved: Women are less confident about investing overall.
However, building financial strength, and educating themselves about retirement planning is a good way for women to start saving for their future. Cutting expenses and directing that money into savings instead, participating in their workplace retirement plan, and opening an IRA or investment account are some of the ways women can take charge of their finances and help position themselves for a happy and secure retirement.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
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Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn investment and tax strategies to help you achieve financial security and prepare for a prosperous retirement.
How can you balance saving for emergencies and investing for the future? What strategies can you employ to maximize your tax benefits and build a secure financial future? NerdWallet’s Kim Palmer and Alana Benson discuss investment strategies and tax planning to help you understand how to navigate your financial journey effectively. They begin with a discussion of investment strategies, with tips and tricks on understanding different investment accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, leveraging compound interest, and the importance of starting investments early. Then, Alana discusses tax planning and filing in-depth, covering the intricacies of different tax forms like W-4s and W-2s, the significance of estimated taxes for freelancers, and strategies for managing capital gains taxes.
Kim and Alana delve into retirement planning and the challenges of active versus passive investing. They provide a framework for prioritizing your finances, emphasizing the creation of an emergency fund, taking advantage of employer 401(k) matches, and understanding the role of asset allocation based on age and risk tolerance. Additionally, they tackle the decision-making process in personal finance, such as choosing between paying off debt and investing, and the pros and cons of having a financial advisor.
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Hey listener, we’ve got a special episode in store for you today. Our investing and tax Nerds recently hosted a webinar going deep into how you can level up your investing and tax strategy. So we packaged that up into a podcast episode for you. The Nerds talk about what you need to know about different investing accounts, how to get help with your taxes and more. So here’s the webinar.
Kim Palmer:
Welcome everyone. I am Kim Palmer. I’m a personal finance writer at NerdWallet where we help people make smart decisions. One important note, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. NerdWallet Inc is not an investment advisor or broker and does not provide personal financial advisory services. Today we are excited to talk to you about the basics of investing and taxes and we think we have some helpful info to share with you. You can always find more at nerdwallet.com or on the NerdWallet app. Our goal today is to kick off a helpful discussion about investing and tax information and tools. Alana Benson writes about investing topics including stocks, funds, and ethical investing. And now I will hand it over to Alana.
Alana Benson:
Thanks Kim. Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So before we start, I just want to say a couple of things that often get forgotten when we’re talking about investing. So first, investing usually comes second to some other goals. If you’re having a hard time paying for necessities or you don’t have an emergency fund, it’s really important to focus on those things before we even start worrying about investing. Second, instead of scrimping, try to increase your income. So I didn’t start investing until I was in my late 20s, and that’s because one, I didn’t work at NerdWallet yet, so I literally didn’t know anything. And two, I was making around $25,000 a year, so I didn’t have much expendable income. And when you don’t have extra income, it’s really hard to prioritize investing and it just might not even be a good idea to do that.
When I started making more money, it was suddenly a lot more possible for me to invest for retirement. So if it’s possible for you and you want to be investing more, look for jobs that will pay you more or look into side hustles, but cutting back on your streaming services probably will not save you enough money for retirement. And finally, if you don’t have the money to invest now, that’s totally fine. Some people have serious money anxieties and others just don’t have the cash. Whatever your reason is, don’t stress too much about it. Just keep learning and when you’re able to, you can start investing. So why do we invest? What is the point of all this? And the answer is that it’s because we like money and that’s okay. There’s no shame in admitting it, I like money, most people like money. It’s because money isn’t just money. It’s not like Scrooge McDuck diving into pools of money and buying Maseratis. It’s not that.
It’s about not being stressed about your money all the time and it’s about being able to buy everything that you need and some stuff that you want comfortably without having money stress take up all of your energy. Money allows us to thrive instead of just survive and investing helps you make more money than you could ever possibly make just by working at a job. So okay, what actually is investing? This whole process is very strange. Okay. Investing is the process of money that you already have making additional money for you. And this works through what’s called compound interest. Compound interest means that your gains get a little bit bigger every year and that’s also why starting when you’re younger gives you a huge advantage and more money in the long run. So for example, you just start at that little number one in the box up there. Say you buy an investment for $100, if it goes up the average stock market return of 10%, it could then be worth $110, meaning that you’ve made $10.
Then that $10 that you earned also starts earning compound interest on top of the $100 you initially invested. That doesn’t sound like much of a profit, but imagine if you were doing it with way larger amounts of money over a way longer period of time. Now that 10% is an annualized rate, which means that you’re not going to get 10% every single year. In all likelihood, some years you’re going to finish up, some years you’ll finish down. But over the course of decades when you average all that out, you tend to get about 10%. The way you actually start investing is through an investing account. And there’s a couple of different types, but the type of investment account you have is actually really, really important because a lot of them have some pretty significant tax benefits that you want to take advantage of. So you’ve got your 401(k)s and these are offered through your employer. You add money to it and sometimes your employer matches it. So it’s basically free money. If you have a 401(k), you’ll likely choose your investments from a pre-selected list or a fund that will automatically adjust itself over time.
So this means 401(k)s are typically very hands off. IRAs on the other hand are investment accounts that you open up yourself. IRAs can be opened online through brokerages and actually at a lot of large banks, they also do that. So it’s likely you can open up an investment account just through your bank. Unlike with a 401(k), IRAs you’ll have to choose your own investments in those accounts. You may have heard about a thing called a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) and it’s good if you know the difference. So with a Roth, you pay taxes on your money now just like any other money that you earn and then the money you have invested inside that account grows tax-free and you can take it out tax-free in retirement. With a traditional IRA or 401(k), the money you contribute today is pre-tax.
So that is you get to deduct it from your income taxes this year. So it’s like a nice little treat this year, but then when you cash it out in retirement, you’ll owe income taxes on it. This is really, really important. I’ve seen a lot of people make this mistake. Your investment account is not an investment, so a Roth IRA, a 401(k), not an investment. So if you have a Roth IRA, that’s great, but that doesn’t mean you’re actually invested in anything. So you fund your investment account and then you buy investments from there. But I’ve heard of people opening a Roth IRA, putting in a bunch of money and then wondering why it didn’t grow over the last 10 years. So you have to purchase investments for your money to actually grow and if you don’t do it, you’ll miss out on all of those years of growth, so very important.
And there’s a couple different types of investments that you can choose from once you open and fund your investment account. So you’ve got stocks, I’m sure everyone’s heard of that, these are shares of ownership in companies and the way you make money from them is if they go up in value and some pay you a cut of the company’s profits on a regular basis. Then you’ve got bonds. This is when you loan money to companies or the government and they pay you interest. Funds, now these are very exciting because they’re basically just baskets of stocks and bonds that you buy all at once. So a fund is still a stock or bond based investment depending on the type of fund that you get. And there’s a lot of different kinds such as index funds or exchange traded funds and mutual funds, but they’re all collections of investments that you buy at one time.
And I think funds are pretty awesome because if you own a stock and that company goes out of business, you lose all of your money. But if you invest in a fund that covers 100 stocks and that same stock goes out of business, your investment is buoyed up by the other 99 companies. So again, all of these investments, stocks, bonds and funds, you buy them from your investment account and then you own them in there. All right, so let’s talk about the stock market, it’s this weird nebulous term that’s hard to understand. But the stock market is just where people buy and sell investments, but now people just trade investments online. So the stock market is made up of several what are called market indexes. Now these are basically just predetermined lists of companies and the performance of that overall list can tell us a lot about the health of the US economy.
So for example, the S&P 500, something you probably have all heard of, that’s just the list of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US and it includes companies like Apple and Amazon. So when we say the stock market is down today, that means that on average most of those companies aren’t doing well. And you can’t invest in the literal stock market, but you can invest in funds that include all the same investments. So these are called index funds because they track a market index. So again, if you have an S&P 500 index fund, it should perform pretty closely to how the S&P 500 itself is actually performing. The S&P 500 goes up 10% a year on average and 6.5% after inflation. And this is just an average, so some years the market goes up more, some years it goes down less, but when done well, investing can potentially mean doubling your money every few years for doing basically nothing, which is my favorite way of earning money, by doing nothing. It’s great.
So let’s talk strategy. This is all about the way that you invest, when you put your money in and when you take your money out. So passive investing is where you buy that S&P 500 index fund and you keep adding money into it until you retire. It’s very boring, but it’s effective. So it can give you that 10% return on average over the long haul, but a lot of people want to make more than that 10%, and they do so by actively buying and selling stocks, crypto options and other high risk investments. They try to predict when they’ll be low, then they buy them and then they turn around and try to sell them when they’re high. So these people are called active traders or day traders. Only 20% of active traders make money over a six-month period. That is not a lot of people.
There have been a lot of studies over the years that show that active investing is a way less lucrative fashion than boring old passive investing with that index fund. Plus active investing is a lot more work, you have to do all kinds of research and you keep an eye on the markets and you can hypothetically earn more by actively trading versus passively earning the same amount as that historical return of 10%. But most people end up making less when they actually try it, and that’s because people are really bad at predicting things. And in order to make money on the overall stock market over the long term, you have to be really good at predicting things all the time. So maybe you make it big on one stock, but the odds of that happening again and again are very low. So let’s put all of this information together, the accounts, the actual investments and the strategy.
Here’s how financial advisors suggest you prioritize your money when you’re starting to invest. So the first thing you want to do is you’re not actually going to invest at all. The first thing is that you’re going to have an emergency fund. So this is money that you won’t actually put in the stock market, and that’s because when your money is invested, its value can change day by day. So say you have $1,000 and you want to use it for an emergency fund, but you invest it, when you have to fix something on your car suddenly, you go to check your money and its value could be $600 instead of $1,000 and that’s not good. If you put it in a high yield savings account, you can access that money at any time without risking its value. Plus right now the interest rates are really high.
So your money could be earning 4 to 5% just by sitting there. So next, you want to get that 401(k) match if it’s available to you because it’s free money. After that, it’s a good idea to look into IRAs. Both IRAs and 401(k)s have what’s called a contribution limit, which is just the maximum amount of money you can put in each of them every year. If you’re able to max out an IRA, then it’s a good call to move back to your 401(k). And the reason you switch around like that is because of the way the tax benefit works. So it’s likely more beneficial to invest in an IRA over a 401(k) if you’ve already gotten your match, if you have to choose between the two. Then if you max out your 401(k), you can move to a standard brokerage account. And this is not a list of everything you have to be doing right now.
You might be thinking, “Whoa, maxing out an IRA is $6,500, I cannot afford that”, and that is totally fine. So I like to picture it as a waterfall. So when you fill up your emergency fund, then you can start working on getting that 401(k) match. Only after that bucket is full should you then move on to investing in an IRA and so on. And wherever you’re at in your bucket filling journey is okay. It’s just nice to know what to do next when you’re ready for it. So we already talked about what accounts to invest from and the investments you can buy, but then do you just start buying a bunch of index funds or stocks or bonds? How do you know how much of each investment to get? And that is all about risk tolerance. And to understand that we have to understand how risk works over time.
If you’re investing for retirement and you’re in your 20s now, that means you have a ton of time for your investments to grow and then drop dramatically and then rise back up. So financial advisors would say you can afford to take on a bit more risk, AKA invest in riskier investments, because you have time for your investments to bounce back. Now, if you’re investing for your retirement and you’re 65, you don’t want to risk all the money you’ve been investing for years and years because you’re going to actually need to use it to pay for stuff in retirement pretty soon, so you want to protect it. And figuring out how much of each investment you should have is a fancy term called asset allocation, but it just means how much of your portfolio is in which of these investments.
And age is just a number, but typically when you’re younger, you may be able to afford to take more risk because you have more time for the stock market highs and lows to even out. So stocks, and okay, remember index funds and mutual funds are often made up of stocks so those count too, but those tend to carry more risk than investments like bonds. And an example of a 20-year-old’s investment portfolio, which includes all of your accounts so your 401(k), your Roth IRA, all of that together, that could be 100% stocks. And that’s fairly risky, but those 20 year olds are not going to retire for a long time. Now, a 65-year-old might have way more bonds because they don’t want to risk all that money they’ve earned over time. And one thing some investors do to mitigate risk is to slowly shift their asset allocation from high risk investments to low risk investments over time.
And again, I’m not a financial advisor and this is not personalized investment advice, but how much of each investment it’s good to have will usually depend on how much risk you are willing to take. And an investment portfolio can be really simple or really complicated. So you could have that one S&P 500 index fund and you purchase it from a Roth IRA, and that’s just all you do. Just if you want to keep it really simple or you can make it more complicated. So maybe you explore several stock-based funds such as international stocks and healthcare stocks and technology stocks, and you could invest in those types through a fund. So instead of buying 30 technology stocks, you just have one technology stock fund, then a small slice in bonds, and then an even smaller slice is crypto or other high risk investments. Though financial advisors have varying opinions on the safety of crypto.
So keep in mind, this is just an example and not necessarily what you should do personally, but it is really helpful to look up asset allocation portfolios through an online brokerage and see what they recommend for your specific age and when you plan on retiring. You can also talk with a financial advisor who can help guide you through those decisions. And investing is great because it can help you earn wealth, which you could spend on a boat, but more than likely one of your biggest investing goals will be retirement. And the sad truth is that in some things like retirement, they just cost so much that you’ll probably never afford them just by putting money in a savings account. And that’s why we say we have to invest for retirement. And the truth is that most people just aren’t saving enough for retirement.
So you’ll probably have a lot of expenses and you have to pay for that in retirement and some of it’s necessary like food or housing or medical care and some of it is travel or bucket list stuff, but you may not be working anymore or at least not as much as you were. And once you factor in inflation, it’s likely that a dollar today will be worth way less when you’re in retirement. And saving for retirement has gotten even more difficult because you can’t necessarily afford to live on social security. Medicare doesn’t always pay for your health needs and pensions aren’t really as common as they used to be. And because of all this, it’s really important to start investing for retirement sooner rather than later.
And if you’re early in your career, it might seem silly to worry about retiring right now, but if you start investing sooner, you actually spend less on retirement than if you start investing later in life overall and that’s because of compound interest. So our retirement calculator shows that if you start putting away $100 per month, that could grow to nearly $400,000 in 35 years. And it’s always good to know how much you should be trying to invest. When you have a long-term goal in mind, you want to know what that number is. So a retirement calculator can be a big help to figure that out, including NerdWallet’s retirement calculator. No shame, I’m going to plug it, but some financial advisors recommend saving 15% of your pre-tax income for retirement. So okay, let’s break that down. What does that look like?
So if you make $100,000 a year, again just because easy math, that would be $15,000 annually that you’re trying to save for retirement. But if you had a 5% match on your 401(k), you’d already be saving $10,000 a year between the $5,000 you make and the $5,000 your employer puts in. And then if you contributed another $5,000 to your Roth IRA, you’d already meet your target goal of saving $15,000 a year for retirement. You should also think about how much you can make during those peak earning years. If you’re younger, what career are you looking to have? You can look up what those wages tend to look like on a site like Glassdoor or ask someone in your life who is in that career path, and maybe do that tactfully because you’re asking about money. But figuring out what you want to be when you grow up may not be something you want to think about right now.
But to be honest, I studied English in college and no one told me about my job prospects. I figured that I would have to write a super famous book or be a teacher and you don’t have to have everything figured out now, but it doesn’t hurt to see how much a potential field could earn and figure out what careers are open to you. And just keep in mind that relationship between your earnings and investing like we talked about in the beginning. And if you’re later in your career, it is harder to take advantage of compound interest, but some of those investment accounts have those catch up contributions that we talked about so you’re able to contribute more after a certain age. Thank you all so much for listening to me talk very fast for a long time, and now I will hand it back over to Kim to talk about taxes. Thanks so much.
Kim Palmer:
Great, thank you so much, Alana. That was great. Someone actually asked in a pre-submitted question, “Why do I have to pay taxes?” Well, here is why. Taxes are used to pay for a lot of different things like clean water, roads, schools, healthcare, and the military. And your tax return is due every year in mid-April to the IRS. We’ll talk a little bit later about what to do if you need an extension, but in general that is the deadline. But first, let’s back up a little bit. When you file taxes, there is so much paperwork. One really important one is the W-4. That is the document that your employer asks you to fill out when you start a new job. And it plays a really big role in telling your employer how much in taxes to take out of each paycheck. It asks you things like your filing status, dependents, how much tax to withhold, and if you get a really big tax bill or a big refund, then you might want to go back and revisit your W-4 just to make sure you’re withholding enough but not too much.
There’s also the W-2, which is a document that your employer sends you to summarize how much in total they took out of your paycheck the previous year, and you’ll need to reference all those numbers when you file your tax return. If you are self-employed or you work a side hustle, then taxes won’t be automatically withheld from your paycheck, and that means you might have to pay something called estimated taxes, which is typically four times a year. In January, you’ll get something called a 1099 form that outlines how much money any company paid you, and then you’ll use that information when you file your return. And then finally, the 1040 is the main form you use when you file taxes, and we’ll drop a link in the chat for more about that. Okay, so you have all of your forms set. How do you actually file your taxes?
You can do it yourself through the IRS. You can use an online tax prep software or you can use a tax professional like an accountant or a tax preparer. If you do it on your own, you can either use paper forms or get access to brand name tax prep software through an IRS service called Free File. But it’s important to know that only people who make below a certain income qualify for the Free File program. If you use tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block or NerdWallet Taxes powered by Column Tax, many of these providers use a Q&A style to help you do your taxes and some even offer paid upgrades that connect you directly to a tax professional. If your finances are really complicated and you want some extra help, then you can also work with a tax preparer such as a certified public accountant.
You do want to make sure to ask them lots of questions and check their credentials before you agree to share your financial information. And you also want to check to see if they have a prepared tax identification number, which is an ID that’s required for anyone who files tax returns for compensation. The US does not have a flat tax system, and that means that portions of your income can be taxed at different rates. There are currently seven tax rates for federal income taxes that run from 10% to 37%. And which tax rate applies to you depends on your income and your filing status. So you might hear people say, “I’m in the 12% bracket” or “I’m in the 22% bracket”, but being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay that tax rate on everything you make. And in reality, people’s income can fall into several different tax brackets depending on how much they make.
Portions or chunks of your income are taxed at different rates and some of those different taxes are then added together. So for example, some of your income could be taxed at a rate of 10%, another chunk could be at 12%. The more you make, the higher the tax rate might be on some of your income. And depending on the state where you pay your income taxes, you might pay a flat rate or a progressive rate similar to the federal structure. A small handful of states have no state income tax. If you want to pay less, you can look for tax breaks. Tax credits and tax deductions are two tools that can help you potentially minimize your tax bill, but they do work in different ways. Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. As a simplified example, a $25,000 tax deduction on $100,000 of taxable income means that only $75,000 of that income will get taxed.
Tax credits directly reduce your tax bill by the value of their credit. So this means if you owe $2,000 in taxes and you’re eligible for a $1,000 tax credit, you’ll end up owing $1,000. Tax credits tend to be more valuable because they have the potential to pack a bigger punch, so you definitely want to try to take all the tax credits you qualify for, and you could even get money back if a credit is refundable. Common tax credits include the earned income tax credit, the child tax credit, the lifetime learning credit, and the American opportunity credit and savers credit.
All right, I alluded to this at the beginning, but what happens if you’re not going to be ready by mid-April? What do you do? If you know you won’t be able to file on time before tax day, you can file for a free extension with the IRS and that gives you until mid-October to file your return. But you want to make sure that at least 90% of what you think you’ll owe in April is covered by an estimated tax payment or your withholdings. Otherwise, the IRS can hit you with a penalty for late payment. The failure to pay penalty is really no joke. It’s 0.5% of your unpaid taxes each month your payment is late plus interest. If you file late and you did not file an extension, you could also get hit with a failure to file penalty, which is 5% of your unpaid taxes each month that your payment is late. There is some good-ish news, if you file late but you don’t owe anything, you won’t get penalized but that doesn’t mean you’re not still obligated to file.
If you don’t, the IRS could file a return on your behalf and you might miss out on a refund if you’re owed one. And if your tax bill is so high that you can’t pay it off, you do have options. You can set up a long-term or short-term payment plan with the IRS.
I know that was a whole lot of information and taxes can seem scary, but we break down lots of popular tax questions and terms on nerdwallet.com. We have some time to address some pre-submitted questions from the audience ranging from about Roth IRAs to the pros and cons of having a financial advisor. And I do want to give a reminder here as we answer these questions that we are not tax or investing advisors. We are writers who focus on these fields and what we say is not investing or tax advice. So with that said, let’s dive into these questions. A question that came to us in an email was: how do you choose between paying off credit card debt and investing in saving for emergencies?
I really love this question because I think it speaks to some of the biggest challenges of personal finance, navigating these choices. And the answer is it’s really up to you. Many financial advisors say that the first step is to create a starter emergency fund, and you can read more in our article that we’ll link to, Should I Pay Off Debt Or Save? And you’ll see most people think about saving $500 to $1,000 first and then after that to consider contributing enough to a workplace retirement plan if they have access to one, and then contributing 3% to 5% of income to an IRA or a Roth IRA. And then financial advisors say people can consider focusing on paying off high interest debt and amp up investing efforts once they have paid that off. And now Alana, I’ll turn over to you. Perhaps you can answer the questions about Roth IRAs.
Alana Benson:
Absolutely. So a couple folks were wondering, before we went over everything, what a Roth IRA is and how does it work and when is it worth it to open one? So we already covered this a little bit, but again, it’s an individual retirement account and it lets you contribute money that you’ve already paid taxes on. So think about when you get your paycheck. That money has already had taxes taken out of it. So once you hit age 59 and a half and you have held the Roth IRA for at least five years, you can withdraw your contributions and any earnings, which is a fancy word for money that you earn from investing, without paying taxes again. And whether it’s worth it is up to you, especially if you’re trying to decide between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA because it’s about when you pay those taxes and if you have a traditional IRA, you do get that tax break right now.
So that’s a personal decision. But you can also take out money tax-free from your Roth IRA later in life. So if that’s something that you are really trying to parse out, it might be good to talk to a financial advisor because they can help you with that question. We had two other questions. The first one is: how do you calculate how much money to put in your Roth IRA if you make over the maximum amount? So we didn’t actually cover this, so Roth IRAs do have income limits, but there is something called a Backdoor Roth that lets you contribute money first to a traditional IRA, pay taxes on it and then roll that money into a Roth IRA. And then our last question is: what are the pros and cons of having a financial advisor and how do you find one?
This is such a good question. The pros and cons really depend on your situation. The catchall term ‘financial advisor’ is used to describe a wide variety of people and services, including investment managers, financial consultants, financial planners. First and foremost, you always want to verify a financial professional because financial advisor doesn’t require people to be vetted. Certain things like a certified financial planner or a CFP, those actually have a very high level of education and have a certification that you can verify online. So anyone that you are talking about money with, you want to make sure that you are vetting them. And some of these people can just talk to you about your finances and some of them can actually manage your investments for you if you want that. Financial advisors, depending on the kind that you choose, can be pretty expensive. A robo-advisor is like an AI version of a financial advisor.
You just set up an account for one and then they charge you a pretty modest fee. And based on your age and your risk tolerance, it will manage your investments for you. An online financial advisor can offer more services and you can actually talk to a human being, but those do tend to cost a little bit more. And then you could go to an in-person financial advisor, depending on their credentials, that might cost even more, but sometimes it’s really nice to talk to somebody that you know and you can grow that relationship with them over time.
Kim Palmer:
Great. Thank you, Alana. And I think, actually, I can squeeze in one more question that we received. How do taxes work with investment accounts? How much do we set aside so we aren’t surprised by a tax bill? Which is a great question. If you’re selling stocks from a brokerage investment account, then you should be aware of three words, capital gains taxes. Those are the taxes you’ll pay when you sell assets for profit. Assets that you have owned for more than a year are subject to long-term capital gains tax, and the capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less are subject to short-term capital gains. If you regularly trade stocks or other investments, you might be subject to short-term capital gains.
Those profits are taxed as ordinary income based on your tax brackets, which we went over before. Your final tax bill depends on a number of different factors. If you don’t want to be surprised, estimate what you’ll owe using tools such as a tax calculator or IRS worksheets. If needed, consider setting aside enough to cover the tax bill or paying estimated taxes and as always, your specific situation will differ and we are not tax professionals. We hope that you enjoyed this webinar and learned something today. If you’d like to get even more clarity on your finances and continue learning with NerdWallet, consider signing up for an account with us at nerdwallet.com. Thank you so much for joining us.
Sean Pyles: And that’s all we have for this episode. To send the Nerds your money questions, call or text us on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. This webinar episode was produced by Alikay Wood, Sheri Gordon, and me. We had editing help from Liz Weston, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help. And with that said, until next time, turn the Nerds.
You’re probably seeing headlines almost daily screaming about layoffs, layoffs, layoffs. The ubiquity of those stories may make you worry about your own job stability.
There was a 10% increase in layoffs last year from the previous year — 19.8 million in 2023 compared with 17.6 million in 2022, according to an analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data.
But monthly layoffs throughout 2023 were actually slightly below pre-pandemic levels after a massive spike during the start of the pandemic, BLS data shows.
“I’m cautiously optimistic. I think there are some signs that we’ll still see robust demand for workers, be that through hiring or a relative absence of layoffs,” says Nick Bunker, economic research director for North America at the Indeed Hiring Lab, which tracks employment trends.
The current job market is incredibly resilient, and labor market indicators show that workers who are laid off aren’t likely to stay unemployed for long. The unemployment rate has stayed steady between 3.4% and 3.9% since December 2021. Unemployment claims, meanwhile, are largely in line with pre-pandemic claims, Department of Labor data shows. That goes for initial claims — by those unemployed for the first time — and for continued unemployment claims — those who have remained unemployed beyond an initial claim.
“I’m not particularly concerned,” says Elise Gould, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute, a Washington, D.C., think tank.
If economists aren’t panicked, it means you probably shouldn’t be either. Unless, of course, you’re in one of the sectors that’s seen an uptick.
Where are layoffs happening?
Gould and Bunker both say layoffs are largely siloed in the information sector, which includes both tech companies and media companies (hence all those layoff headlines). They say that shedding is likely to continue into 2024.
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In the scope of the entire labor market, tech and media remain the outliers when it comes to layoffs, Bunker says. “This time last year there were concerns about what’s happening to the tech or media industries or the broader information sector. And you could see from the data that layoffs did tick up, but that was not representative of what you saw in the rest of the market — it didn’t spread out.”
The transportation and warehousing industry has also seen a rise in layoffs since companies began downsizing after more rapid expansion during the pandemic. But employment in the sector is still well above pre-pandemic levels.
Among other sectors, a Feb. 1 report by Challenger, Gray and Christmas, an outplacement company, shows the financial industry has had the most job cuts so far in 2024 with a total of 23,238 in January. That’s the highest monthly layoffs among financial companies since September 2018.
Gould says layoffs like these aren’t necessarily signs of industrywide distress. Some reflect the churn that happens in the economy in any given month — jobs lost are offset by jobs added, she says. Throughout 2023, the amount of jobs added often exceeded expectations. That trend remained in January: The amount of jobs added was double what was projected.
“There’s a lot moving,” says Gould.
Some other areas with layoffs include the food industry, which announced 6,656 layoffs, the highest number since November 2012. The retail industry announced 5,364 cuts in January — a 4,776% increase from December. But take that big, scary percentage with a grain of salt: Layoffs happen every year in the retail industry after the holidays are over because companies hire a ton of temporary workers to meet demand.
Layoffs spiked among tech companies in 2023
Last year was not a good one for tech and neither was the one before that. Let’s face it — this year isn’t looking much better. In 2023, more than 1,190 tech companies laid off some 262,000 workers, according to layoffs.fyi, which tracks layoffs in the tech industry.
The biggest layoffs in 2023 were at big-name companies, including Amazon (27,410 workers) Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram (21,000), Google (12,115) and Microsoft (11,158).
But so far in 2024, over 34,000 employees have been laid off among more than 140 tech companies, according to layoffs.fyi. Some of the big names this year include Snap, which owns SnapChat, Zoom, PayPal, Salesforce, Microsoft, eBay, TikTok, Wayfair, Google, Discord, Audible and Rent the Runway.
Job availability may also be dwindling. “Employers are still looking to hire at fairly robust rates across a variety of sectors,” says Bunker. “And that’s not the case for job titles related to the tech sector; they’re still pretty depressed there.”
The downsizing is likely due to some pullback from the hiring spree in the tech industry during the start of the pandemic, experts say. And layoffs in this sector, particularly for highly skilled tech professionals, don’t mean workers stay unemployed for long. They’re likely being gobbled up by other companies pretty quickly, Bunker and Gould say.
“For workers that have higher levels of education, oftentimes their unemployment rates are much lower,” Gould says. “Oftentimes they are able to get back on their feet. Obviously, that average story does not tell everybody’s experience, and there are people that will be worse off.”
Randi Weitzman, executive director of technology talent solutions at Robert Half, an international human resource consulting firm, says workers in tech positions have an in-demand skill set that every company needs.
“It’s not so much we’re seeing the demand in high tech, but in industries like health care, manufacturing, government, retail, hospitality and leisure. We also saw an uptick in professional services. But all of those industries need IT professionals to help them drive their companies,” Weitzman says.
Media layoffs soared as companies struggle to profit
For the media, 2023 was a proverbial bloodbath. The industry, as a whole, announced 20,324 cuts last year — the highest since 2020, according to a report by Challenger, Gray and Christmas, Inc. As a subset of media, news announced 2,681 cuts, which was more than layoffs in 2021 and 2022 combined, according to the report. Bloomberg estimated news media losses even higher — about 3,000.
“I think that is very much a structural story that’s more about long-term trends,” says Bunker.
“The issue for the media is internet.”
Media was once mostly funded by advertising — “they were sort of a one-stop shop for lots of advertisers,” Bunker says. But the advent of the internet changed advertising, and media paid the price. The other issue, Bunker says, is consumer expectations of the price they pay for information, that is, most people don’t want to pay for articles.
“It’s just more difficult for media to be profitable, and so you’ve had a pullback and a decline in employment in that sector of the economy,” Bunker says.
The past year saw cuts at Buzzfeed News (15%), Time Magazine (15%), NPR (10%), Business Insider (8%), Gannett (6%), Vox (11%), Conde Nast (5%), Vice Media (around 10%) and others. The Washington Post completed 240 buyouts last year to avoid laying off workers.
Since the start of 2024, even more news media organizations have announced staff reductions.
On Jan. 17, Conde Nast announced it was laying off staff and folding Pitchfork into the GQ umbrella. On Jan. 19, Sports Illustrated announced it would be giving its entire staff the boot within 90 days. On Jan. 23, the Los Angeles Times announced it was cutting 115 reporters — about 20% of its staff. Back in June, it slashed its workforce by 13%. The paper was reportedly losing somewhere between $30 million to $40 million a year.
Layoffs aren’t just hitting news outlets. Streaming services have disrupted traditional television. On Feb. 13, the TV network giant Paramount announced it was laying off 3% of its staff.
Mass layoffs across the labor market aren’t likely in 2024
Despite some worrisome trends in the information sector, widespread layoffs throughout the labor market still aren’t likely to happen anytime soon under current conditions, experts say.
“The outlook for layoffs is a function of what you think a broader economic outlook is, and we’ve gotten very strong economic growth data as of late,” says Bunker.
While the labor market is tight, and the industries with layoffs are generally contained, it doesn’t mean we won’t see more employment churn coming this year. CEOs aren’t feeling the need to hoard labor as much as they once did: A quarterly survey of CEO confidence released on Feb. 8 by The Conference Board, a think tank, shows 23% of CEOs expect to lay off workers in the next 12 months, up from 13% from the previous quarter.
Los Angeles Times: Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images News via Getty Images
Google: Photo by Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images News via Getty Images
Microsoft: Photo by Tim Heitman/Getty Images News for BIG3 via Getty Images
TikTok: Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images News via Getty Images
Paramount Studios: Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images News via Getty Images
Many or all of the products featured here are from our partners who compensate us. This may influence which products we write about and where and how the product appears on a page. However, this does not influence our evaluations.
Making a financial plan can be intimidating, especially if you don’t know all of the essential budget categories you should include. Budgeting isn’t a one-size-fits-all process either, as the importance of each category will largely depend on your specific financial situation.
This article will review the top 12 budget categories that can bolster your financial plan. Credit.com also has multiple personal finance resources that can enhance your financial literacy.
Several important budget categories account for housing, transportation, health care, entertainment expenses, and more.
Key Takeaways:
The prioritization of budget categories will be unique to your needs.
Some expenses have fixed prices, while others have variable costs. You’ll need to account for both from one month to the next.
Tools like money apps and budget spreadsheets can help you visualize your spending habits.
Table of Contents:
Why Do I Need a Budget?
A budget can ensure that you aren’t caught off-guard by bills throughout the month—especially near the month’s end or right before you get paid. Keeping a budget can also provide long-term data based on your spending habits and serve as a snapshot of your priorities.
Effective budgets can help you plan for longer-term goals, like retirement, and inform you of what expenditures truly make you happy—and which ones aren’t necessary.
Fixed Expenses vs. Variable Expenses
Fixed expenses refer to items that essentially cost the same each month, with very little fluctuation in terms of pricing. Mortgage and rent payments, auto loan payments, and internet service bills will likely fall into this category.
Variable, or flexible, expenses can drastically differ from one month to the next. The amount you spend on groceries, clothes, entertainment, and even medical appointments can all vary over time.
Top 12 Budget Categories to Add to Your Plan
The following budget categories can help you map out your monthly expenses. Depending on your unique circumstances, these categories may need to be adjusted in terms of their priority.
1. Housing Expenses
Housing often takes top priority as your living space is directly tied to your long-term health and safety. You also need a stable housing situation to perform well at work and ensure that you have the funds to make your mortgage or rent each month.
While there’s no strict maximum for the housing category, you can expect to spend anywhere from 25% to 35% of your income on your mortgage or rent payments. If your housing budget exceeds more than 35% of your monthly income, refinancing your mortgage or looking for another living space might be more expense-friendly in the long run.
Items that fall in housing expenses:
Rent
Mortgage Payment
Appliances
Household Repairs
2. Utilities
The ability to live comfortably in your home is just as crucial for your health as actually having one, which is why utilities are usually another high-priority item. Many residential buildings in some urban areas have ordinances that require certain utilities, like water and electricity, to be considered safe living.
Utilities rarely come close to the top of the list of expenses in terms of cost, and you can reduce their cost with proper management. Depending on their usage, you can expect to spend around 5% to 10% on monthly utilities.
Items that fall in the utilities category:
Electricity
Water
Telephone
Natural gas
Sewer
Trash
Heating
Air conditioning
3. Transportation Costs
Owning or leasing a vehicle, along with repairing it, can be another high-priority expense. Some areas may complement alternative means of transportation, such as public transit or biking—which would result in much less money going toward this category.
The cost of owning a car includes the tags, licenses, and maintenance on top of the monthly car payments. Depending on your method, transportation or travel expenses will likely cost you anywhere from 10% to 15% per month.
Items that fall in transportation costs:
Gasoline
Car payment
Registration fees
Vehicle repairs and maintenance costs
New tires
4. Groceries
Groceries (not food from restaurants) and water encompass our basic needs. Store-bought groceries and water may require a large chunk of your income, though this category offers a lot of flexibility in terms of total spending.
Cooking dinner at home with groceries can help you save money, as many home-cooked meals can last multiple days. You should probably expect to spend between 10% and 15% of your monthly income on food expenses.
Items that fall in the food category:
Grocery budget
School lunch
5. Insurance
This broader category covers numerous subcategories that apply to different people. For example, if you live in a large, urban area with well-run public transportation, you may not have to worry about auto insurance.
Insurance may be classified under different categories depending on who you ask. Some pundits include health care in this category, for example. Depending on what type of insurance you need and your insurance premiums, you can look to spend anywhere between 10% to 25% of your income on this category.
Items that fall in the insurance category:
Life insurance
Auto insurance
Renters insurance
Homeowners insurance
Health insurance
Vision insurance
Disability insurance
Dental insurance
Vision insurance
Pet insurance
6. Health care
This category may have higher or lower priority depending on your specific health needs. Health and dental insurance in America is also quite costly—making them one of the primary reasons Americans go bankrupt.
Health care costs include annual checkups, clinic visits, prescription medications, and general medicines, like pain relievers. Health care is a variable expense because some months can be costly while others don’t have any expenses. Even when you don’t have any expenses, it’s a good idea to put away a little cash for a rainy day.
Items that fall in the health care category:
Anticipated copays
Prescription medications
Orthodontic work (braces)
Prescription eyeglasses
Primary care visits
Dental care visits
7. Savings
Everyone needs some kind of emergency fund to cover those unforeseen expenses. Regularly dedicating a small portion of your monthly income can help you save for major life events down the road.
There’s no hard line about what amount you should save, but a safe bet is between 5% and 10% of your monthly income. Saving this amount can help you handle emergency expenses and create a nest egg for a future big purchase.
Items that fall in the savings category:
Emergency fund
Health savings accounts
Fun money
Three to six months’ worth of expenses
Saving for a specific purchase (vehicle, college savings, vacation, etc.)
8. Retirement
While you could argue that retirement or a 401(k) is a type of savings, we refer to savings as money that can be used for any expense without penalty. Retirement accounts like IRAs help you save money that’s intended for use in the future. If you take money out of your retirement account before the preset time (unless you have a 457(b) account), you will incur a 10% tax penalty.
Much like savings, this is another category without a hard-line amount that you should contribute but should see at least 5% to 15% of your income. Ideally, you can primarily rely on this money once you’ve retired.
Items that fall in retirement:
Employer-sponsored retirement plan
401(k)
403(b)
Roth IRA
457(b)
9. Debt
This category applies to a significant portion of the U.S. population—especially those who have a student loan, credit card debt, or personal loans. Debt is a consideration that often has a lower priority level because we can pay it off over time. That said, it’s important to make sure you don’t fall behind on your payments as the penalties and fees can compound if left unchecked.
Because everyone’s situation is different, there’s no given amount of your monthly income you should dedicate to debt payments. We do, however, recommend that you pay more than the monthly minimum.
Items that fall in the debt category:
High-interest credit cards
Vehicle loan
Student loans
Personal loans
Medical bills
10. Personal Care and Hygiene Items
This category encompasses both wants and needs. Toilet paper and toothpaste should be considered “needs,” while designer clothes or expensive watches are examples of “wants.”
Because most personal expenses are lower priority, there’s no expected amount you should budget for this category, but it should remain relatively low on your list of priorities. Ensure that everything else above on this list is covered first, then look to see what you can spare on these purchases.
Items that fall in the personal care and hygiene category:
Shampoo
Deodorant
Toothbrush/toothpaste
Gym memberships
Shoes
Dry cleaning
Toiletries
Laundry detergent
Cleaning supplies
Diapers
Hair care
11. Entertainment
This category sits at the bottom of our list for a good reason, but it’s still essential to include. If you find yourself in a budget crunch, this is easily one of the first categories you should reduce until finances stabilize.
Sporting events, vacations, or streaming services like Netflix fall into this category. Given its otherwise low priority, there is no set amount you should spend on entertainment, and extra money can shift from month to month.
Items that fall in the entertainment category:
Books
Electronics
Restaurant dining
Concert tickets
Events
Vacations
Movies
Coffee
12. Other
This low-priority category covers pretty much anything else not already discussed. That can include property taxes that are a high priority in most circumstances, but you can often work with the IRS to get a debt repayment plan.
Various “other expenses” might also include donations, parking fees, child support, gifts, and school supplies, depending on your circumstances.
Some of these other expenses are significantly more important than others, but things like home improvement can be considered a kind of investment.
Items that fall in the other budget category:
Miscellaneous expenses
Child care
Holiday decor
Special occasions
Alimony
Anniversary presents
Tutoring
Private school
How Do I Make a Budget?
Considering the budget categories we presented in this article, one budgeting method that could work for you is a monthly budget spreadsheet. Or, you can use a budgeting app like Mint or another high-end competitor.
There are plenty of resources to use, so you should do lots of research on any budgeting apps that you consider downloading. Since not all of the apps work the same, search through different apps to find what best serves your budgetary needs.
What Is a 50/30/20 Budget?
Numerous financial pundits advocate for a 50/30/20 budget scheme, in which 50% of your income goes to necessary expenses, 30% goes to savings accounts, and 20% goes to wants and miscellaneous expenses. It’s also not uncommon to see people devote 30% of their funds to wants and 20% to savings.
This strategy often faces scrutiny during periods of economic strife, such as high inflation rates. Nevertheless, many budgeting apps may recommend this plan if your current income can support it.
Refine Your Budgeting Plans With Credit.com
The categories we’ve discussed today, along with their corresponding priority levels, can all vary from person to person. Building the best budget for your specific needs calls for a bit of craftiness and professional assistance.
Credit.com offers a wealth of tools and resources to help build credit, such as a free monthly budget template and services that allow you to report your utility and rent to the credit bureaus.
Inside: Escape the cycle of being broke with insightful tactics. Learn to invest, save smartly, spot financial traps, and build secure money habits today.
You are desperate right now. You want to know why I am broke.
I get it. This is a situation I have been in before and just recently when I lost my main source of income.
The feelings of you can’t afford anything may send you down a steep spiral of depression.
So, how do we escape?
Here are the tips I used before and plan to use again.
Top Reasons for Why I am Broke
#1 – The Mindset Traps That Keep You Broke
A mindset that cultivates a sense of scarcity rather than abundance can be a massive roadblock to financial prosperity. When you’re shackled by thoughts like “I am always broke,” you unwittingly set the stage for a self-fulfilling prophecy.
The mental narrative that convinces you wealth is unattainable can keep you trapped in a loop of missed opportunities and poor financial decisions.
You may inadvertently sabotage your potential to earn more, save, or invest wisely by clinging to a defeatist paradigm.
Fixing a broken mindset is about shifting from a state of helplessness to one of deliberate, empowering action.
It starts with self-awareness and is further built through intentional positive affirmations and financial education.
Overcome By: Remember, the mind is powerful—it can be your greatest ally or your most formidable adversary. Change your money mindset.
#2 – Living Beyond Your Means: A Fast Track to Empty Pockets
Living beyond your means is akin to constantly filling a sieve with water, hoping it will someday retain more than it loses—a surefire way to financial drought. It’s a lifestyle where your outflow far exceeds your inflow, and every paycheck evaporates into the ether of consumerism.
With the advent of credit cards and buy-now-pay-later schemes, the temptation to spend money we don’t have has never been greater.
The façade of affluence conceals the grim reality of financial instability.
Acknowledging this trap is step one. Living within one’s means doesn’t imply sacrificing joy or reverting to asceticism; it’s about striking a harmonious balance between the lifestyle you desire and the one you can sensibly afford.
Overcome By: Making choices aligned with your financial reality, finding contentment in simplicity, and prioritizing financial health over transient pleasures.
#3 – Chronic Debt: Borrowing from Tomorrow for Today
Chronic debt is a pervasive issue, ensnaring individuals in a vicious cycle of borrowing today and worrying about repayment tomorrow. This pattern often stems from an urgency to fulfill immediate desires or needs without adequate financial resources.
Alarmingly, the trend of increasing consumer debt signals a culture obsessed with instant gratification as consumer debt is $16.84 trillion in Q2 2023, according to Experian. 1
Being in debt should not be normal.
The onus of breaking free from chronic debt lies in reevaluating your relationship with money. It means slowing down the urge to splurge, meticulously planning for future financial obligations, and carving a path towards debt repayment.
Overcome By: Find the discipline to not only stop accumulating debt but also to aggressively tackle existing debts through methods like debt snowball or debt avalanche strategies.
#4 – You Haven’t Learned to Plan and Budget for a Brighter Tomorrow
The lack of a strategic financial plan and a detailed budget is tantamount to navigating unknown terrain without a map. Without these critical tools, your finances are left to chance rather than choice, leaving you vulnerable to the whims of circumstance.
Budgeting is perhaps the most fundamental step toward taking ownership of your financial future. It gives you a clear snapshot of where your money is going, which is essential for making informed spending decisions.
However, many avoid the budgeting process, perceiving it as restrictive or complex. The truth is that budgeting liberates you from the anxiety that comes with uncertainty. It empowers you to align your spending with your financial goals and to find a balance between today’s necessities and tomorrow’s aspirations.
Overcome By: Choose a budgeting method whether it be the zero-based budget, the 50/30/20 rule, or the envelope system, the key is to find a method that resonates with your lifestyle and stick to it.
#5 – No Emergency Fund to Weather Financial Storms
An emergency fund is an essential bulwark against the financial tempests life invariably hurls your way. Without it, a single unforeseen event—a job loss, a medical emergency, or an urgent car repair—can capsize an already precarious financial ship. The lack of an emergency cushion extends an open invitation to debt and financial strain.
The data tells a stark tale:
A statement from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau highlights that nearly a quarter of consumers (24%) don’t have an emergency savings account. 2
Additionally, 39% have less than a month’s worth of income saved for emergencies, setting the stage for potential financial disaster. 2
This precarious situation has become more pronounced with the increasing cost of living and high inflation rates witnessed in 2021-2023.
Overcome By: Structured, automatic savings transfers to facilitate the gradual growth of your emergency fund without it feeling like a financial blow. The goal is to build a reservoir robust enough to cover several months of living expenses, providing a comfortable buffer that can help you bounce back from setbacks without the need to borrow money at high-interest rates or liquidate precious assets at inopportune times.
#6 – Lack of Understanding of The Power of Investing
Understanding the power of investing is key to grasping the potential of a seed. A seed, given the right conditions, can grow into a flourishing tree. Similarly, investing allows your finances to grow beyond the confines of stagnant savings.
Yet, many people fail to harness this power due to a lack of understanding or fear of the unknown. This was me for many years until I decided to learn to trade stocks.
A common misconception surrounding investing is that it’s solely the playground for the rich or financially savvy. This myth steers many away from multiplying their wealth via investments, leaving them to rely solely on their primary source of income. Moreover, a lack of understanding often leads to panic during market volatility, resulting in ill-timed decisions to buy high and sell low—contrary to sound investment strategies.
Overcome By: Invest money consistently into a low-cost mutual fund or ETF that tracks the overall S&P. Then, continue your investing education on how to invest in stocks.
#7 – Wasteful Spending Habits
Wasteful spending habits are the quiet thieves of financial security. They nibble away at your earnings, leaving you wondering where your money has gone at the end of each month. This pattern often goes unnoticed, as it’s usually composed of small, seemingly insignificant purchases that accumulate over time.
The danger of wasteful spending is its subtlety.
It’s the daily coffee on the way to work, the meal out because cooking feels like too much of an effort, or the impulse buys during the sale season.
Individually, these do not seem like considerable expenses, but together, they can consume a substantial portion of your budget.
To curtail this financial leak begins with recognizing and acknowledging these habits. Tracking every penny spent can be an eye-opening experience, illustrating just how quickly the ‘little things’ can add up. With this awareness, one can then consciously decide where to cut back.
Overcome By: Adopting a minimalist approach, where value and purpose become the benchmarks for every expense, can help combat wasteful spending. Questions like, “Do I really need this?” or “Will this purchase add value to my life?” can serve as useful filters. Take up a no spend challenge to see your mindless consumption.
#8 – Fail to Recognize the Patterns That Lead to a Near-Empty Wallet
Failing to recognize the patterns that deplete your wallet is akin to ignoring the signs of a leaking roof until it caves in—it’s a disaster in the making. Often, it isn’t one significant financial blunder, but rather a series of small, recurring missteps that lead to the near-empty wallet syndrome.
For instance, routinely underestimating monthly expenses can lead to a perpetual state of surprise when the bills pile up.
Similarly, neglecting to keep tabs on bank account balances may result in overdraft fees that, over time, take a sizable bite out of your funds.
Disregarding the accumulative effects of late payment charges or routinely paying only the minimum on credit card balances can exacerbate financial distress.
Overcome By: To reverse this trend, one must become a detective in their own financial mystery. Start by scrutinizing bank statements and tracking expenses. Look for patterns, like repeated late-night online shopping sprees or habitual dining out, which contribute to the thinning of your wallet. Use budgeting apps or spreadsheets to flag these patterns visually, making it easier to identify and amend them.
#9 – How Fear and Denial Contribute to Ongoing Money Issues
Fear comes in several forms: fear of failure, fear of taking risks, and even fear of facing the truth about one’s financial situation. It can immobilize individuals, preventing them from making necessary financial changes or taking action that could otherwise mitigate or reverse money woes.
For instance, the fear of losing money might dissuade one from investing in potentially lucrative opportunities, leaving them stuck in the low-yield safety of a savings account.
Further, there’s the psychological phenomenon of denial—a defense mechanism that numbs the pain of reality. When faced with mounting debt or budgetary failure, denial kicks in, allowing individuals to live as if the problem doesn’t exist. Unfortunately, ignoring overdue notices or dodging calls from creditors doesn’t make debts disappear.
Denial only deepens the financial hole, often leading to larger, more complex problems.
Overcome By: To confront these challenges, it’s crucial to adopt a stance of brutal honesty with oneself. This means acknowledging fears and confronting financial shortcomings head-on. Professional help, such as financial counselors or advisors, can provide support and guidance to navigate these tricky emotional waters.
#10 – No Clear Financial Goals and Plans
The absence of clear financial goals and plans is like embarking on a voyage without a destination. It not only leads to aimless wandering but also ensures that you miss out on the focus and motivation that well-defined objectives provide.
When you lack clarity on what you’re saving for or what you wish to achieve, there is little impetus to resist the temptations of immediate gratification or to weather the short-term sacrifices that long-term gains often require.
Setting clear and measurable financial goals lays the groundwork for creating effective plans to reach them.
Overcome By: To break this cycle, begin by reflecting on what you value most and where you would like to be financially in the future. Whether it’s achieving debt freedom, owning a home, funding education, or planning for retirement, having specific goals in mind will define the purpose of your financial activities. Craft a plan that outlines the steps needed to accomplish them.
#11 – Laziness is your Game
When you approach your finances with a laissez-faire attitude, it’s akin to ignoring the health of a garden; without regular attention and effort, it’s bound to wither. Financial laziness can manifest in various ways, from failing to review bank statements and ignoring budgeting to neglecting opportunities to cut costs or boost income.
Each act of omission is a step closer to the financial doldrums.
Procrastination or avoidance might seem less painful at the moment, but they ultimately compound the problem. Contrary to what some might think, simple acts of financial diligence, such as cash management or regularly doing household chores, do not require Herculean effort.
Moreover, they set a foundation for sound financial habits that thwart needless spending.
Overcome By: Schedule time for financial management much like an important meeting.
#12 – Keeping up with Others is Breaking Your Bank
The urge to keep up with others—often termed the ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ or ‘Keeping up with the Kardashians’ phenomenon—is a profound pressure that exerts an invisible, yet powerful, force on financial habits. This social comparison can lead to an insidious form of competition, one that disregards personal financial realities in favor of an illusory social standing.
It’s an impulse driven by comparison, where the benchmark of success is set not by personal satisfaction, but by the possessions and lifestyles of others.
The decision to upgrade to a luxury car, splurge on designer clothes, or redo a perfectly functional kitchen stems not from need, but from a desire to project an image that matches or surpasses those in your social sphere.
Financial guru Dave Ramsey encapsulates this philosophy with his common saying, “Live like no one else will now, so in the future, you can live like no one else can.” This means making money moves that are right for you, not those dictated by social pressures, which can sometimes involve humbler living now for a wealthier future.
Overcome By: Breaking free from the shackles of this social competition requires introspection and a bold reaffirmation of personal values. Adjusting focus towards personal financial goals and aspirations, rather than mirroring others’ spending decisions, is key.
#13 – Need Help Differentiating Needs from Wants
The blurring line between needs and wants is a common financial pitfall that can lead individuals deeper into the morass of money woes.
Needs are essentials, the non-negotiable items necessary for survival—food, shelter, healthcare, and basic utilities.
Wants, on the other hand, include anything that is not vital for basic survival but enhances comfort and enjoyment of life.
The difficulty in distinguishing between the two often stems from habituation. What starts as a luxury, like eating out at restaurants, getting a high-end smartphone, or subscribing to multiple streaming services, can quickly become perceived as essential. This is particularly difficult in a consumer-driven society, where advertising and social media constantly inflate our perception of what we ‘need’ to lead a fulfilling life.
The result? A budget that’s stretched thin on non-essentials, leaving little room for savings or investment.
Overcome By: Regularly reassess expenses and ask the hard questions about whether a purchase is genuinely essential or merely a desire dressed up as a need.
#14 – You Don’t Make Enough Money to Cover Your Expenses
When your income doesn’t cover expenses, the strain can be relentless. This financial imbalance is often the stark root of the “I am broke” refrain. In such cases, every dollar becomes precious, and the financial breathing room feels nonexistent.
The reason is straightforward: if what comes in is less than what goes out, deficits and debt are the inevitable outcomes.
Addressing this challenge requires a two-pronged approach—increasing income and/or reducing expenses. For many, reducing expenses is the immediate reflex, and while it’s an essential strategy, there’s only so much you can save, but no limit to how much you can earn.
Overcome By: Focus on making more money. This could mean asking for a raise, seeking better-paying job opportunities, pursuing a side hustle, making money online, or acquiring new skills that offer higher income potential.
Long-Term Solutions to Build a Secure Financial Future
Building a secure financial future is an aspirational goal for many, but achieving it requires a strategic approach characterized by foresight, discipline, and an understanding of personal finance.
Becoming financially independent doesn’t happen by magic chance; it’s the result of deliberate actions taken with consistency over time.
Here are the foundational blocks for constructing a sturdy financial edifice:
Invest in Financial Literacy: Knowledge is power, and this is especially true in the realm of finance. Educate yourself about budgeting, investing, insurance, taxes, and retirement planning. Reliable resources include books, online courses, podcasts, and workshops.
Set Clear Financial Goals: Define what financial success looks like for you, whether it’s being debt-free, owning a home, or achieving financial independence. Detailed goals provide direction and motivation for your financial plan.
Create a Robust Budget: A flexible budget isn’t a one-time exercise but a living document that should evolve with your financial situation. It should reflect your income, fixed and variable expenses, and financial goals.
Establish an Emergency Fund: This is the bedrock of financial security. Aim to save three to six months’ worth of living expenses to protect yourself from unforeseen circumstances without falling into debt.
Pay Off Debt: High-interest debt is a major impediment to financial growth. Utilize strategies like the debt snowball or avalanche methods to tackle debts efficiently. Once you’re debt-free, avoid accumulating new debt.
Diversify Income Streams: Relying on a single source of income is a risk. Look for opportunities to create additional streams of income, such as side businesses, freelance work, or passive income from investments.
Invest Wisely: Make your money work for you through smart investments. Consider diversified portfolios, retirement accounts, and tax-efficient investment strategies to grow your wealth over time.
Plan for Retirement: The future is closer than you think. Contribute regularly to retirement accounts like 401(k)s or IRAs. Take advantage of employer match programs if available, as they’re essentially free money.
Protect Yourself with Insurance: Ensure you have adequate insurance coverage for health, life, property, and potential liabilities. This helps to guard against catastrophic financial losses.
Breaking the Cycle of Being Broke
Just like becoming broke is often a gradual process—a few uncalculated loans, hasty investments, and numerous credit card swipes. Suddenly, financial stability seems like a far-off dream.
The same goes for breaking the cycle of being broke. It is about moving from living paycheck to paycheck with no savings, drowning in debt, and making questionable spending decisions to become financially stable.
Even though our society may see being broke as normal, it is possible to embrace financial prudence to defy such norms. It’s time to delve into the reasons behind the perpetuation of brokeness and unveil practical steps toward lasting financial freedom.
What do I do if I’m broke?
Finding yourself in a financial predicament where the end of your money arrives before your next paycheck is a stress-inducing scenario.
When faced with the stark reality of being broke, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you navigate through and set the stage for a more stable financial future:
Assess Your Situation: Take stock of all your available assets and resources. This includes checking account balances, any savings, and items you could potentially sell for quick cash. Understanding what you have can help you gauge your immediate next steps.
Prioritize Your Expenses: Sort your expenses by urgency and necessity. Essentials like rent, utilities, and groceries come first. Non-essentials or discretionary spending should be paused or significantly reduced until your financial situation improves.
Reduce Costs Immediately: Eliminate any non-essential expenses. Cancel or suspend subscriptions, memberships, or services that are not vital. Consider cheaper alternatives for necessary expenses, and utilize community resources, such as food pantries, if needed.
Negotiate with Creditors: If you’re struggling to pay your bills, proactively reach out to creditors to discuss payment options. Many are willing to work with you on a revised payment plan to avoid defaults.
Seek Additional Income Sources: Consider taking on a side job, selling unused items, freelancing, or offering your skills for short-term gigs. Even small amounts of additional income can make a significant difference when you’re broke.
Consider Assistance Programs: Look into local, state, and federal assistance programs. You may be eligible for temporary aid to help with food, housing, or utility bills.
Borrow with Caution: If borrowing is unavoidable, be cautious and choose the most cost-effective options such as loans from family or friends, a personal loan with a low-interest rate, or a hardship withdrawal from your retirement account (as a last resort).
Remember, being broke can happen to anyone, so there’s no shame in it.
The key is to take swift, decisive action to mitigate the immediate crisis while also planning longer-term strategies to prevent recurrence. By addressing the issue head-on and adjusting your financial habits, you can initiate the journey from being broke to becoming financially buoyant.
FAQ: Navigating Away from Being Broke
Finding yourself consistently broke at the end of each month is an indicator that there’s a disconnect between your income and your spending habits.
It’s often the result of several factors or behaviors that, when combined, result in a cycle of financial scarcity. Here are common reasons why this might be happening:
No Budget or Poor Budgeting
Overspending
Impulse Purchases
Lack of Emergency Savings
Failure to Track Expenses
Living paycheck to paycheck
High Debt Payments
Remember, understanding why you’re broke at the end of the month is the first step towards financial stability.
Saving money when funds seem stretched to their limit is a challenge that requires creative strategy and discipline. Even with a tight budget, there are ways to eke out savings without significantly impacting your day-to-day life.
If saving a significant amount seems daunting, start by saving your change. Physically save coins or use apps that round up your purchases to the nearest dollar and save the difference. Check out my mini savings challenges.
Saving money when it seems there’s barely enough to cover the bills begins with a commitment to take whatever steps are necessary, however small they may initially seem. Every dollar saved is a step towards financial resilience and a buffer against future financial challenges.
Investing can be a powerful tool for building wealth over the long term, and it’s often considered a key component of achieving financial stability. However, for those who are currently struggling to make ends meet, the decision to invest should be approached with caution.
Investing typically involves committing money with the expectation of achieving a future financial return. It has the potential to outpace inflation and increase your wealth due to the power of compound interest. Nevertheless, it often carries the risk of losing the invested capital, a risk that those in financial distress may not be in the position to take.
Feeling Broke without Money – Time to Make A Change
Feeling broke is a stressful and demoralizing experience, but it’s also a clarion call for change. It signals that your financial health needs attention and that your money management strategies may require a significant overhaul.
However, the situation is not without hope; with determination and the right approach, it’s possible to transform your financial landscape.
The journey away from the precipice of being broke begins with honesty, introspection, and a willingness to adapt. It’s about confronting uncomfortable truths, devising a clear plan, and taking decisive action. From crafting and adhering to a precise budget, cutting unnecessary expenses, to seeking additional income streams—all these steps are essential in the path to financial stability.
Remember, feeling broke isn’t a permanent state. Mindset is everything.
It’s a challenge to be met, an opportunity for growth, and a chance to steer the course of your financial ship towards calmer and more abundant waters. Your future self will thank you for the changes you implement today, so take that first step now.
>>>It’s time to make a change—because you deserve the peace of mind that comes with financial security.
Source
Experian. “Experian Study: U.S. Consumer Debt Reaches $16.84 Trillion in Q2 2023.” https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/research/consumer-debt-study/. Accessed January 25, 2024.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “Emergency Savings and Financial Security.” https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_mem_emergency-savings-financial-security_report_2022-3.pdf. Accessed January 25, 2024.
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It’s now possible to activate all 5% category credit cards for the first quarter of 2024, including the Chase Freedom, Chase Freedom Flex, Discover IT, Citi Dividend, US Bank Cash+ and some smaller cards. In this post we’ll provide the activation link for each card and links to track your spend, along with strategies to help increase spend in these categories.
Dates: January 1st – March 31, 2024. Store purchases can usually be done until the last minute while online purchases should be given a buffer zone of a day or two.
Chase Freedom – Grocery, Fitness, Gym, Spa
Activation Link / FAQ / Sample Stores & Exclusions / Our original post
With the Freedom and Freedom Flex cards, activate to earn 5% back this quarter on up to $1,500 in spend at Grocery Stores, Fitness Club & Gym Memberships, Self-Care & Spa Services.
Grocery Stores – This is always a favorite since we all shop for groceries. Plus, you can max this out by purchasing gift cards to other retailers.
The terms exclude Walmart and Target, though I believe in the past readers have said that these sometimes do get classified as a grocery store.
Merchants in this category include supermarkets, merchants that offer a full-service grocery line of merchandise including a deli and bakery, as well as smaller grocery stores.
Some merchants that sell grocery items are not included in this category; for example, larger stores that sell a wide variety of goods and groceries, such as warehouse clubs, discount stores and some smaller merchants such as drugstores, and merchants that specialize in only a few grocery items.
Purchases made at gas stations from merchants who also operate grocery stores are not included in this category.
Delivery service merchants will be included if they classify as a grocery store merchant.
Fitness Club & Gym Memberships
Merchants in this category include health clubs, exercise, or athletic facilities requiring membership and offering access to services related to physical fitness, such as fitness clubs, fitness centers, fitness studios, gyms, aerobics, cardio fitness and other services such as yoga and cross fit training.
Merchants that specialize in offering personalized or therapeutic services such as massage therapy, dietary and weight management counseling and personal training are not included in this category.
In addition, some merchants that sell a wide variety of general goods, which may include fitness or athletic apparel, sporting goods, dietary food, health food or similar supplements are not included in this category.
Also, certain lodging, hotel, motel, resort and central reservation services offering access to third party facilities that include fitness clubs or gyms are not included in this category unless they classify as a fitness club or gym membership merchant.
Self-Care & Spa Services
This category includes self-care and spa services, such as massages, spa treatments, manicures, tanning, and barber and salon services, purchased at merchant locations that specialize in providing these services.
Self-Care and spa services are typically provided by licensed professionals, however, services provided by medical professionals will not qualify.
Purchases of self-care and spa services at merchants that classify their location in another category, for example spa services purchased in a hotel, will not be included unless the merchant classifies the transactions in this category.
Purchases of related products and services, for example hair and skincare products purchased at a salon or an overnight stay at a spa, will also not be included unless the merchant classifies the transactions in this category.
Tip: Click this link (login required) to check how far you are along the $1,500.
Discover – Restaurants, Drugstores
Activation Link / Our original post
With your Discover card, activate to earn 5% back this quarter on up to $1,500 in purchases at Restaurants and Drugstores.
Restaurants – always a useful category
Drugstores – many pharmacies sell gift cards for a wide variety of retailers which is an option for maxing this out
Activate to earn 5% Cashback Bonus at Restaurants and Drug Stores from 1/1/24 (or the date which you activate 5%, whichever is later) through 3/31/24, on up to $1,500 in purchases. Restaurant purchases include those made at merchants classified as full-service restaurants, cafes, cafeterias, fast-food locations, and restaurant delivery services. Drug Store purchases include those made at stand-alone drug stores, pharmacies, online pharmacies, and some pharmacies located inside of retail stores.
Tip: Login, then click this link to see you how far along the $1,500 you are.
Citi Dividend – Amazon, Streaming
Landing Page | Our Original Post
With your Dividend card, activate to earn 5% back this quarter on Amazon and select streaming services. Citi is different than the other cards in that you have a $6,000 annual cap rather than a $1,500 quarterly cap. You can get 5% back on up to $6,000 in this quarter or you can save the entire amount for a different quarter, or you can use part up each quarter.
Amazon
Select Streaming Services – Includes the following cable, satellite, and streaming providers: Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Music, Apple Music, Disney+, DirecTV Stream, ESPN+, fuboTV, HBO Max, NBA League Pass, Netflix, Pandora, Paramount+, Showtime, Sling TV, Spotify, Starz, SiriusXM, Vudu, YouTube Red, YouTube TV, and Tidal.
US Bank Cash+/Elan – Select your Categories
Activation link | Merchant List | Our Original Post
U.S. Bank Cash+ and Elan Max offer 5% cash back in two categories, up to $2,000 combined total per quarter. Keep in mind that Car Rentals was recently replaced with TV, Internet, and Streaming Services.
Here are the current options:
TV, Internet, and Streaming Services
Home utilities
Select clothing stores
Cell phone providers
Electronic Stores
Gyms/Fitness
Fast food
Ground Transportation
Sporting goods
Department Stores
Furniture Stores
Movie theaters
Tip: Login here, then scroll down and click on the red “View Your Cash+ History” button.
Bank of America Customized Cash Rewards
Our Original Post
The Cash Rewards card from Bank of America offers 3% back on one selected category, up to $2,500 per quarter. If you don’t select anything it defaults to gas. Once you selected a category for one quarter, that remains your category in the future unless you change it. Each calendar month you can change it if you’d like, but you’re always limited to $2,500 for the entire quarter.
Gas and EV charging stations (default category)
Online Shopping; this category also includes cable, streaming, internet, and phone plan
Dining
Travel
Drug Stores
Home Improvement/Furnishings
This category is especially lucrative for those who have Preferred Rewards status with Bank of America which can get you 5.25% back on one of these categories at the higher relationship level.
Lots of useful categories here. Important note: the Cash Rewards card also offers 2% back at grocery stores and wholesale clubs up to $2,500 per quarter, and that $2,500 limit combines with the Category Selection limit. After spending $2,500, you’ll earn 1% back on everything.
Other Cards with 5% Category
Nusenda FCU – ADD ME
Landing Page | Our Original Post
Earn 5% this quarter on up to $1,500 in purchases on ADD ME
This is on top of the regular 1% for a total earn of 6% back. (apparently no longer the case?)
Abound CU – ADD ME
Landing page | Our Original Post
Abound Credit Union Visa Platinum card offers 5% on up to $2,000 on ADD ME purchases.
Langley FCU – Grocery, Wholesale & More
Landing Page | Our Original Post
Langley Federal Credit Union offers 5% back each month in one selected category, on up to $100 cash back total ($2,000 spend).
The category options at time of this writing: Streaming Services, Internet, Cable, Groceries & Wholesale Clubs, Department Stores
Vantage West [AZ] – Select your Category
Landing Page | Our Original Post
Get 5x points on the category of your choice, up to $1,500 per quarter. Eligible categories:
Safe Credit Union Cash Rewards Visa card offers 5% this quarter on your choice of one category each quarter (with no apparent limit). This quarter the categories are:
Citi has released the Q1 2024 5% categories on their old Dividend card, for those who still have it:
Amazon
Select Streaming Services – Includes the following cable, satellite, and streaming providers: Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Music, Apple Music, Disney+, DirecTV Stream, ESPN+, fuboTV, HBO Max, NBA League Pass, Netflix, Pandora, Paramount+, Showtime, Sling TV, Spotify, Starz, SiriusXM, Vudu, YouTube Red, YouTube TV, and Tidal.
Citi is different than the other cards in that you have a $6,000 annual cap rather than a $1,500 quarterly cap. You can get 5% back on up to $6,000 in this quarter or you can save the entire amount for a different quarter, or you can use part up each quarter.