There are many steps to the homebuying process. If you’re taking out an FHA loan (a loan backed by the Federal Housing Authority) to buy a property, you’ll most likely need to get an appraisal to verify the value and condition of the home. Let’s take a closer look at how FHA appraisals work, what to expect, and how to prepare as a homebuyer.
Understanding FHA Appraisals
An FHA loan appraisal is an in-person assessment performed by an accredited appraiser. The purpose of the appraisal is to evaluate how much a house is worth and determine if it meets minimum safety and livability standards. The appraisal is sent to the lender for further evaluation before a FHA loan can be approved. FHA appraisals are typically required whether the borrower is buying or refinancing a home with an FHA loan. 💡 Quick Tip: Don’t have a lot of cash on hand for a down payment? The minimum down payment for an FHA mortgage loan is as low as 3.5%.1
Differences Between FHA and Conventional Appraisal
Whether a borrower is seeking an FHA loan or a conventional loan, an appraisal estimates the fair market value of a home based on the property condition and nearby home values. But FHA loans must meet the minimum standards set by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). This means that FHA appraisals also consider the health and safety of the property, while conventional appraisals focus on the property’s value and condition. FHA lenders may require that any health and safety hazards be addressed before approving the mortgage.
Role of FHA Appraiser and Their Requirements
FHA appraisers follow HUD guidelines for minimum property standards. During the appraisal, they analyze and report a property’s physical and economic characteristics to provide an opinion of its value. HUD requires FHA appraisers to have state certification and meet the minimum certification criteria issued by the Appraiser Qualification Board.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
How Do FHA Appraisals Work?
An FHA loan appraisal involves two steps. The appraiser will complete a site visit to inspect the property condition and perform market research for comparable homes in the area to estimate the market value of the home.
The appraiser will inspect the home’s interior and exterior to determine the property’s safety and soundness. The appraiser’s findings, plus information on the home like square footage and the year it was built, are cataloged in HUD’s Uniform Residential Appraisal Report.
To estimate the property’s value, the appraiser evaluates the selling prices for comparable homes in the same area that were recently sold. This information, combined with the property’s condition and characteristics, is used to estimate the market value.
Recommended: The Ultimate Home Inspection Checklist
What’s the Purpose of an FHA Appraisal?
FHA appraisals are required by lenders to ensure that the loan amount doesn’t exceed the market value of the property. The appraisal process is also used to determine that a property meets FHA standards for health and safety.
Differences Between Appraisal vs. Home Inspection
The appraiser only factors in readily observable conditions. A home inspection, by comparison, is much more in-depth in its assessment of a property’s need for repairs.
Besides the property value, the criteria evaluated during an FHA appraisal include the safety, security, and soundness of a home. In other words, the home should be safe for occupants to inhabit, protect the security of the property, and not have physical deficiencies or conditions impacting the structural integrity and ability to market it for future sale.
Appraisers are required to describe the property conditions, including any renovations, necessary repairs, or deterioration. Minor issues, such as missing handrails, cracked windows, or worn countertops, do not require automatic repair.
Safety and Structural Standards
In terms of occupant health and safety, the FHA appraisal looks out for exposure to hazardous materials, such as lead paint and asbestos. Mold, radon gas, and poor insulation are other potential safety risks that would be flagged in an appraisal. The overall property structure needs to be in sufficient condition to keep occupants safe. This means that damage to the foundation, structural decay, or anything that impacts the long-term integrity of the home would not meet FHA requirements.
Compliance with Minimum Property Standards (MPS)
FHA appraisals follow the Minimum Property Standards (MPS) set by HUD. The MPS establishes baseline conditions to cover aspects of a property that aren’t met by model building codes. For example, the MPS covers doors, gutters, and wall coverings to ensure the property value is not impacted by the quality of these components.
What to Expect from an FHA Appraisal
Being prepared for an FHA appraisal can help streamline the loan application and homebuying process. Here’s what to expect from an FHA appraisal:
Appraisal Timeline and Duration
The duration of an FHA appraisal site visit varies by property size and condition, but plan for it to take between one and several hours to complete. The full appraisal report is usually complete within a week.
Common Issues That Can Affect the Appraisal Outcome
There are a number of issues and property conditions that the FHA requires to be remedied for loan approval. Some common issues include:
• Roof condition or damage
• Exposed wires
• Water heater temperature and pressure relief valve
• Damaged foundation
• Peeling paint (for homes built before 1978)
Conditions That Won’t Pass FHA Inspection
It’s important to know what won’t pass the FHA inspection. Any property conditions that impact the safety and health of occupants could need to be addressed in order to get FHA loan approval. Besides the common issues outlined above, hazards, nuisances, and obstructions to property access could fail to pass FHA inspection. For example, the level of traffic or proximity to a hazardous waste site could violate FHA standards.
Factors That Can Affect Property Valuation
Property valuation accounts for the home condition, square footage, any renovations, and the number of bedrooms and bathrooms. The appraiser must observe neighborhood characteristics and surrounding properties to make determinations that will be incorporated into the valuation of the property.
FHA Inspection Checklist and Tips
Sellers can plan ahead and fix what won’t pass FHA inspection to avoid delays and improve the marketability of their home. Here’s how to address some common issues that could cause a property to fail an FHA appraisal.
• Roof repair: Fix leaks and consider a new roof if life expectancy is less than three years.
• Chipped or peeling paint: Scrape and repaint peeling surfaces if property was built prior to 1979.
• Water heater: Ensure the water heater has a pressure and temperature relief valve and sufficient piping.
• Plumbing: Repair all toilets, showers, and sinks that aren’t in working order as leaky plumbing won’t pass FHA inspection.
Both the inspection and the home’s appraised value are critical to FHA loan approval. Sellers and their real estate agents are permitted to communicate with an appraiser to offer additional property information that can contribute to the valuation of the home. Gathering documentation beforehand on any home improvements can ensure the appraiser has everything needed for an accurate valuation.
Recommended: What Are the Most Common Home Repair Costs?
What Happens After an FHA Appraisal?
The FHA appraisal report will provide the estimated market value and outline any required repairs or alterations that need to be completed for FHA loan approval.
What to Do if the Home Sale Appraisal Comes Back Low
If an FHA appraisal comes back low, there are several possible scenarios. The seller can lower the sale price to accommodate the appraised value. Alternatively, the buyer can renegotiate to lower the price and potentially contribute a larger down payment to cover the portion of the home price that is not covered by the FHA loan. As a last resort, a buyer would be permitted to walk away from the deal if the FHA lender’s requirements can’t be met.
What to Do if the Refinance Appraisal Comes Back Low
If refinancing with a FHA loan and the appraisal comes back low, there are a few courses of action available to borrowers. First, review the appraisal report to see if an appraiser missed anything important. If so, providing the correct information to get another appraisal could result in a higher appraised value.
If disputing the appraisal isn’t an option or successful, borrowers can consider restructuring the loan to take less cash out. Finally, the loan can be denied if the terms are not beneficial to the borrower.
What to Do if the Appraiser Requests Further Repairs
The appraisal may identify repairs that need to be completed to close on the loan. Unless otherwise outlined in the purchase and sale agreement, sellers are typically on the hook for repairs. The sellers have up to 120 days to make necessary repairs and meet FHA standards if required by a lender.
Alternatively, buyers can pay for the repairs themselves. If the issues impact the health, safety, and livability of the property, they’ll need to be completed prior to closing. Other non-safety repairs can be completed after closing. Note that delayed repairs may require an extra escrow holdback for the estimated costs.
Once repairs and issues have been addressed, the property can be reassessed. Borrowers can consider a FHA 203(k) loan to finance both the purchase and rehabilitation costs through a single loan if the repairs are an obstacle to closing. Buyers might consider renegotiating their offer to reflect the repair costs being financed.
If appraisal-related issues are delaying closing, buyers can consider a mortgage rate lock to secure their interest rate for a set period. This can help buy more time for repairs to be made without losing out on favorable loan terms.
What to Do if the Appraisal Comes Back at or Higher Than the Expected Amount
The loan simply moves forward if the appraisal comes back at or higher than the expected amount, barring any request for further repairs.
How Long Is an FHA Appraisal Good For?
FHA appraisals are valid for 180 days unless it’s updated. If updated, an appraisal can be good for up to one year.
The FHA appraisal influences loan approval in two key ways. First, the appraisal evaluates the property condition and identifies if any repairs or further inspections are required for loan approval. Second, the appraised value determines the total loan amount a buyer is approved for. If the appraised value is lower than the purchase price on the contract, either a price reduction or larger down payment could fill the gap to get loan approval.
How Long Do You Have After Appraisal to Close an FHA Loan?
Repairs aside, how long can you wait after the appraisal to close on an FHA loan? It helps to understand how long an FHA appraisal is good for. Once the borrower and lender receive a copy of the FHA appraisal, it’s valid for 120 days. However, borrowers can request a 30-day extension to allow more time to close on a FHA loan.
A conditional approval from the lender will outline the required repairs to be made in order to close. After the appraisal is approved in underwriting, the loan will most likely be cleared to close. Prior to closing, borrowers will receive a mortgage closing disclosure which outlines the total funds needed to close. 💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.
The Takeaway
FHA appraisals estimate a property’s value and assess its condition to determine if it meets safety and livability standards set by HUD. Understanding the conditions and issues that won’t pass FHA inspection is important for buyers and sellers alike.
SoFi offers a wide range of FHA loan options that are easier to qualify for and may have a lower interest rate than a conventional mortgage. You can down as little as 3.5%. Plus, the Biden-Harris Administration has reduced monthly mortgage insurance premiums for new homebuyers to help offset higher interest rates.
Another perk: FHA loans are assumable mortgages!
FAQ
How does the appraised value affect the loan amount?
With FHA loans, the appraised value of the property determines the loan amount a borrower can qualify for.
Can you contest an FHA appraisal?
Yes, you can contest an FHA appraisal and provide additional information to inform the property valuation. However, there’s no guarantee that the appraiser will change the valuation.
What happens if the property doesn’t meet FHA requirements?
If a property doesn’t meet FHA requirements, buyers can ask the seller to make the necessary repairs. Alternatively, buyers can consider other types of home loans, such as a conventional mortgage.
Photo credit: iStock/valentinrussanov
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
There’s no one-size-fits-all mortgage. When deciding between a conventional loan vs FHA loan, you’ll have to compare costs and benefits based on your personal finances.
Compare home loan options. Start here
A conventional loan is often better if you have good or excellent credit because your mortgage rate and PMI costs will go down. But an FHA loan can be perfect if your credit score is in the high-500s or low-600s. For lower-credit borrowers, FHA is often the cheaper option.
These are only general guidelines, though. And the choice between a conventional loan vs FHA loan might be different for you. So be sure to look closely at both loan types and choose the best one for your financial situation.
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Conventional loan vs FHA comparison
There are plenty of low-down-payment options for today’s home buyers. But many will choose either a conventional loan with 3% down or an FHA loan with 3.5% down.
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So, which type of home loan program is better? That depends on your financial situation.
Here’s an overview of what you need to know about qualifying for a conventional loan vs FHA loan.
Conventional 97 Loan
FHA Loan
Minimum Down Payment
3%
3.5%
Minimum Credit Score
620
580
Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio
43%
50%
Loan Limit for 2024 (in most areas)
$
$
Income Limit
No income limit
No income limit
Mortgage Insurance
Annual fee
Annual and upfront fee
Down payment requirements
Both conventional and FHA mortgage programs have minimum down payment amount requirements which borrowers must meet in order to be eligible for a home loan and reach their goal of homeownership.
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FHA: 3.5% down with a 580 credit score, or 10% down a score between 500-579
Conventional 97: 3% down
Like other conventional loans, conventional 97 applicants will pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) with less than 20% down. And all FHA borrowers are required to pay mortgage insurance regardless of down payment.
Credit scores
In deciding between an FHA loan and the Conventional 97 loan, your individual credit score matters. This is because your credit score determines the type of mortgage loan you’re eligible for. Credit history affects your monthly mortgage payments, too.
Compare home loan options. Start here
Minimum credit score requirements for FHA and conventional loans are:
FHA: 580 credit score with 3.5% down, or 500-579 credit score with 10% down
Conventional: 620 credit score
If your credit score is between 500 and 620, the FHA loan is best suited for you because it’s your only available option.
But if your credit score is above 620, it’s worth looking into a conventional loan with 3% down. Especially because, as your credit score goes up, your mortgage rate and PMI costs go down.
Debt-to-income ratio
Another factor you need to consider when choosing between a conventional and FHA loan is your debt-to-income ratio or DTI ratio. This is the amount of debt you owe on a monthly basis, compared to your monthly gross income.
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Conventional loans usually allow a maximum DTI of 43% — meaning your debts take up no more than 43% of your gross monthly income
FHA loans allow for a higher DTI of up to 50% in some cases
However, even with FHA loans, you’ll have to shop around if your debt-to-income ratio is above 45%. Because the FHA allows mortgage lenders to set their own in-house loan requirements, some may set stricter DTI requirements that are below 50%.
Debt-to-income ratios tend to make a bigger difference in high-cost areas, like big cities, where home values are high.
If you’re buying somewhere like Los Angeles, New York, or Seattle, your monthly debt (including mortgage costs) will take up much more of your income simply because real estate is so much more expensive.
Mortgage insurance
FHA and conventional loans both charge mortgage insurance. But the cost varies depending on which type of loan program you have, and how long you keep the mortgage.
Compare home loan options. Start here
FHA mortgage insurance (MIP): The costs for MIP is the same for most borrowers: 0.55% of the loan amount per year, with a one-time upfront fee of 1.75%
Conventional loans private mortgage insurance (PMI): The costs for PMI vary depending on your credit score and loan-to-value ratio. You’ll only pay PMI when you put less than 20% down, and you’ll only continue to pay monthly premiums until you reach 20% home equity
Conventional Loans
FHA Loans
Mortgage Insurance Type
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Fee
n/a
1.75% of loan amount
Annual Mortgage Insurance Rate
Up to 2.25% of loan amount
0.55% of loan amount
Duration
Until the loan reaches 80% LTV
11 years (down payment of 10% or more) OR life of the loan (down payment of 3.5% to 10%)
The cheaper mortgage insurance option for you depends on your financial situation.
Conventional 97 mortgage insurance goes away at 80% loan-to-value. You’ll also hear loan officers refer to this as 20% home equity (both terms essentially refer to the same thing).
This means that, over time, your Conventional 97 can become a better value — especially for borrowers with high credit scores.
Also, consider upfront charges.
In addition to MIP, the FHA charges an upfront mortgage insurance premium known as UFMIP. UFMIP costs 1.75% of your loan size, is added to your loan balance, and is non-recoverable except via the FHA Streamline Refinance
The Conventional 97 charges no equivalent upfront fee for mortgage insurance. It only charges monthly mortgage insurance premiums
Conventional loan vs FHA loan limits
Both the FHA and conventional loans have limits on the amount of money you can borrow.
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In 2024, the FHA loan limits for a single-family home is $ in most of the U.S.
The conventional loan limit for a single-family home is $.
Any loan amount that exceeds these limits are considered non-conforming loans or jumbo loans.
Conventional loan vs FHA mortgage rates
Mortgage rates typically look lower for FHA loans than conventional loans on paper. For instance, today’s average FHA rates are as low as % (% APR)*, while conventional mortgage rates are as low as % (% APR)*.
Compare conventional and FHA mortgage rates. Start here
However, those rates can’t be taken at face value. First, because mortgage rates vary depending on your personal finances, your rate will likely be different from the average rate.
Second, PMI and credit score can also affect your interest rate and mortgage payment. For conventional loans, a lower credit score means a higher interest rate. So if your score is in the low- to mid-600s, an FHA loan might be cheaper.
Conventional loans also base mortgage insurance rates on your credit score, which contributes to a higher monthly payment as well.
*Current rates according to The Mortgage Reports’ lender network. Rates are for sample purposes only; your own rate will be different.
Conventional loan vs FHA mortgage payments
For home buyers with good credit scores, a conventional loan may be more attractive. That’s because conventional loan costs are more dependent on your credit score and down payment than FHA loan costs. And as a result, your monthly payments and PMI are lower when your credit score is higher. This is a key difference from how FHA loans work.
Compare conventional and FHA mortgage rates. Start here
With an FHA loan, your mortgage rate and MIP cost the same no matter what your FICO score.
That means in the short term, FHA loans may be more advantageous.
But over the long-term, borrowers with above-average credit scores will typically find Conventional 97 loans more economical relative to FHA ones.
Remember, mortgage insurance for conventional loans can be canceled at 20% loan-to-value ratio. But FHA mortgage insurance lasts the entire life of the loan. The only way to bypass this requirement is if you put down at least 10% down. This way you may be able to drop FHA mortgage insurance after 11 years (assuming 20% loan-to-value).
So if you’ll be staying in the home long enough to reach 20% equity — and especially if you have a good credit score — a conventional loan could be your cheaper option in the long run.
FHA vs Conventional infographic
Alternative low-down-payment loan programs
The conventional 97 loan and FHA loan aren’t the sole options for low-down-payment mortgages. Explore a variety of other mortgage loans with low or no upfront expenses to make homeownership more accessible:
Compare your home loan options. Start here
Fannie Mae HomeReady: This home loan offers below market interest rates, reduced private mortgage insurance costs, and it allows the income of everyone living in the household to qualify. However, there are income limits, loan maximums, and you’ll need a FICO score of 620 or more and a DTI of 50% or less
Freddie Mac Home Possible: Similar to HomeReady, it has income and loan limits, and it requires a minimum credit score of 660, 3% down payment, and DTI below 43%. However, Freddie Mac Home Possible offers flexible loan approval requirements that help low-income families become homeowners
VA loan: This mortgage loan requires no down payment and offers flexible credit score minimums and below-market rates. VA loans have no maximum loan amounts. Plus, bankruptcy and foreclosure are not immediate disqualifications. Yet, this program is only available to eligible service members and veterans
USDA loan: This rural housing government-backed loan requires no down payment and has no maximum home purchase price. Although there are drawbacks. This government-agency loan does have property standards that require the home to be located in a rural area. There are also income limits for the buyer, and it does carry mortgage insurance for the entire loan term
Most of these mortgage loan products can only be used to purchase a primary residence — a home in which you live in for the majority of the year.
Vacation homes and investment properties are generally not allowed.
For many first-time homebuyers, though, the choice among low-down payment loans will be between the FHA loan and the Conventional 97. This is because VA loans are available to military borrowers only. USDA loans are restricted to suburban and rural areas, with maximum loan and income limits, and HomeReady has similar income restrictions.
Conventional loan vs FHA loan FAQ
Which is a better loan, FHA or conventional?
Between FHA and conventional, the better loan for you depends on your financial circumstances. FHA might be better than conventional if you have a credit score below 680, or higher levels of debt (up to 50 percent DTI). Conventional loans become more attractive the higher your credit score is because you can get a lower interest rate and monthly payment.
Can you switch from FHA to conventional?
You can switch from an FHA to a conventional loan by refinancing your mortgage. This means you get a new conventional loan to pay off your existing FHA loan. This might make sense to do if you have at least 20 percent equity in your home and a 620 or higher credit score. Then, you may be able to save by switching from an FHA to a conventional loan with no PMI.
What are the benefits of a conventional home loan?
If you get a conventional loan with 20 percent down or more, you won’t have to pay for mortgage insurance. That’s a big benefit over FHA loans, which require mortgage insurance regardless of your down payment size. The conventional 97 loan also lets you put just 3 percent down, while FHA requires 3.5 percent at minimum. And conventional loans offer lower mortgage rates the higher your credit score is. That’s good news if you have a good credit score of 720 or higher.
Is an FHA loan bad?
FHA loans are great for borrowers who need a home loan with a lower bar of entry. The big benefits are that they allow lower down payments (just 3.5 percent) and a lower credit score (580) than many other mortgage loans.
What are the disadvantages of FHA loans?
You have to pay for FHA mortgage insurance regardless of your down payment size. And you can’t get rid of it unless you refinance. So if you have a great credit score and/or you’re putting 20 percent or more down, an FHA loan likely isn’t the right choice for you. In that case, look into a conventional loan instead.
What credit score do I need for a conventional loan?
Conventional loans require a credit score of at least 620. But some mortgage lenders might set their own requirements, starting at 640, 660, or even higher. Plus, your conventional mortgage rate will be better the higher your credit score is. So especially if your credit is on the lower end, be sure to show around with different lenders for the best deal.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
FHA loans require a credit score of 580 or higher in most cases. You might be able to get an FHA loan with a credit score of 500-580 if you make a 10 percent or bigger down payment. But you’ll have to search for the right lender because few mortgage companies allow scores in that range for FHA loans.
What’s the interest rate on a conventional loan?
Conventional loan interest rates are typically a little higher than FHA mortgage rates. That’s because FHA loans are backed by the Federal Housing Administration, which makes them less “risky” for lenders and allows for lower rates. However, if you have a great credit score (above 680, in most cases) you might qualify for a lower conventional rate. But, you also have to consider the annual mortgage insurance rate with each loan. Depending on your credit score and down payment, conventional mortgage insurance rates could be higher or lower than FHA insurance rates. This will affect which loan is cheaper overall.
Who qualifies for a conventional loan?
You might qualify for a conventional loan if you have a credit score of at least 620; a debt-to-income ratio of 43 percent or lower; a 3 percent down payment; and a steady, two-year employment history proven by tax returns and bank statements. To qualify for the low-down-payment conventional 97 loan, you must buy a single-family property (no 2-,3-, or 4-units allowed).
Which loan type has a higher credit score requirement?
Generally, conventional loans have a higher credit score requirement than FHA loans. Conventional loans may require a credit score of 620 or higher, while FHA loans may allow for a credit score as low as 500 to 580, depending on the lender.
What is mortgage insurance, and how does it differ for conventional loans and FHA loans?
Mortgage insurance is a type of insurance that protects lenders in case the borrower defaults on the loan. With a conventional loan, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is generally required if the down payment is less than 20%. With an FHA loan, mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) are required for the life of the loan.
Which loan type has more flexible underwriting requirements?
FHA loans generally have more flexible underwriting requirements compared to conventional loans. They may allow for higher debt-to-income ratios, lower credit scores, and non-traditional credit histories. Conventional loans may have stricter underwriting requirements.
Can you refinance from an FHA loan to a conventional loan?
Yes, you can refinance from an FHA loan to a conventional loan. Refinancing may help you get a lower interest rate, lower monthly payments, or eliminate mortgage insurance. However, it’s important to evaluate the potential costs, benefits, and qualification requirements before proceeding with the refinance.
Conventional loan vs FHA: The bottom line
For today’s low down payment home buyers, there are scenarios in which the FHA loan is what’s best for financing; and there are scenarios in which the Conventional 97 is the clear winner. Mortgage rates for both home loans should be reviewed and evaluated.
Ready to make a home purchase? Talk with a loan officer about your mortgage options. You should compare personalized quotes for both FHA and conventional loans to see which one is cheaper for your situation and suits your needs best.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
While the dream of homeownership might seem elusive on a tight budget, the availability of low income home loans offers a beacon of hope.
These specialized loans come in handy, particularly when the obstacles of saving for a down payment loom large—a common hurdle if you’re already strapped with rent payments.
So if you’re wondering how to bridge the financial gap between renting and owning, read on to explore the various low income home loan programs that could unlock the door to your future home.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
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Can I buy a house with low income?
Yes, you can buy a house with a low income by qualifying for housing assistance programs and special mortgage loans. That’s because there is no minimum income requirement to buy a house.
However, your ability to do so will depend on a variety of factors specific to your financial situation. A mortgage lender will examine your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment to determine if you qualify.
Check your mortgage eligibility. Start here
What are low income home loans?
The path to homeownership can be fraught with challenges, particularly for those with limited financial resources. Enter low income home loans—a specialized type of mortgage designed to level the playing field for buyers facing financial barriers.
Low-income mortgage programs focus on addressing the common challenges that low-income earners encounter, such as managing debt, maintaining less-than-stellar credit scores, and struggling to save for a significant down payment.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Minimal down payment requirements: One of the most daunting aspects of buying a home is accumulating a large down payment. Low income home loans often require smaller down payments, making it easier for buyers to make the initial leap.
Lenient credit criteria: Having a perfect credit score is not always feasible, especially when living on a limited income. These loans often have more flexible credit requirements, allowing for a broader range of credit histories.
Reduced costs at closing: High closing costs can be another hurdle. Low income home loan programs may offer reduced or even waived closing costs in certain circumstances.
Competitive mortgage interest rates: High interest rates can quickly make a mortgage unaffordable. Low income home loans often feature competitive interest rates, reducing long-term costs.
Lower mortgage insurance premiums: Some programs offer reduced premiums for mortgage insurance, further lowering monthly payments.
Interestingly enough, some of these programs often have income caps, essentially barring applicants who have incomes that are considered too high. This ensures that the programs benefit those who need them most.
Requirements for low income home loans
Your ability to qualify for a loan is not solely based on your income. Lenders will assess your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a key metric that represents your monthly debts as a percentage of your monthly income. Generally, a DTI under 35% is viewed as favorable, making you a more appealing candidate for a mortgage.
If saving a down payment is your chief concern, don’t worry; there are plenty of options that require minimal, or sometimes zero, down payments. Despite common misconceptions, a 20% down payment is not a universal requirement.
Additional Assistance
Beyond the loan itself, there are various homebuyer assistance programs that can help with the down payment and closing costs. Some of these are structured as grants that don’t require repayment, making it easier to achieve the dream of owning a home.
Navigating the complexities of mortgages and home buying can be intimidating, but low income home loans and assistance programs offer a lifeline to those who dream of owning their own home. These financial products and services are tailored to alleviate the most common obstacles, offering a viable path to homeownership for those who may have thought it was out of reach.
Low income home loans
Low income home buyers have plenty of loan options and special assistance programs to help with a home purchase. Here’s what you can expect.
Check your mortgage eligibility. Start here
Loan Type
Credit Score
Down Payment
Unique Requirements
HomeReady
Generally 620
As low as 3%
Income limits based on area, homebuyer education course required
Home Possible
Generally 660
As low as 3%
Must be primary residence, income limits may apply, can include 1-4 unit properties
Must be a qualifying service member, veteran, or eligible spouse; primary residence only
USDA Loans
Usually 640
No down payment required
Must be in a qualifying rural area, income limits apply, primary residence only
HomeReady and Home Possible mortgages
Fannie Mae’s HomeReady program and Freddie Mac’s Home Possible loan are geared toward lower-income home buyers. You need only 3% down to qualify, and there is no minimum “required contribution” from the borrower. That means the money can come from a gift, grant, or loan from an acceptable source.
Even better, the home seller can pay closing costs worth up to 3% of the purchase price. Instead of negotiating a lower sales price, try asking the seller to cover your closing costs.
Private mortgage insurance (PMI) may also be discounted for these low income home loans. You’re likely to get a lower PMI rate than borrowers with standard conventional mortgages, which could save you a lot of money from month to month.
“This is the biggest benefit,” says Jon Meyer, The Mortgage Reports loan expert and licensed mortgage loan originator. “The PMI is offered at a lower rate than with a standard conventional loan.”
Finally, Home Possible and HomeReady might make special allowances for applicants with low incomes. For instance, HomeReady lets you add income from a renter on your mortgage application, as long as they’ve lived with you for at least a year prior. This can help boost your qualifying income and make it easier to get financing.
You might qualify for HomeReady or Home Possible if your household income is below local income limits and you have a credit score between 620 and 660.
FHA loans
FHA loans offer flexible approval requirements for repeat and first-time home buyers alike. This program, which the Federal Housing Administration backs, relaxes borrowers’ standards to get a mortgage. This can open up the home-buying process to more renters.
You might be able to get an FHA home loan with a debt-to-income ratio (DTI) up to 45% or a credit score as low as 580 while paying only 3.5% down
Select FHA lenders even allow credit scores as low as 500, provided the buyer can make a 10% down payment
Thanks to these perks and others, the FHA loan is one of the most popular low-down-payment mortgages on the market.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
VA loans
Veterans Affairs-backed VA loans provide military homebuyers with a number of advantages.
No down payment requirement. You can finance 100% of the purchase price. You can also refinance 100% of your home’s value using a VA loan
No mortgage insurance. But you will pay a one-time VA Funding Fee. You can wrap it into the loan amount.
No minimum credit score. Although lenders are allowed to add their own minimums. Those that do often require a FICO score of at least 580 to 620.
Sellers can pay up to 4% of the purchase price in closing costs. So if you find a motivated seller, you could potentially get into a home with nothing out of pocket
If you’re a veteran, active-duty service member, or surviving spouse, the VA mortgage program should be your first stop.
Check your VA loan eligibility. Start here
USDA loans
If you’re not buying in a large city, you may qualify for a USDA home loan. Officially called the Single-Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, the USDA loan was created to help moderate- and low-income borrowers buy homes in rural areas.
With a USDA loan, you can buy a home with no money down. The only catch is that you must buy in a USDA-approved rural area (though these are more widespread than you might think). You can find out if the property you’re buying is located in a USDA-eligible rural area and whether you meet local income limits using the USDA’s eligibility maps.
Your monthly payments might be cheaper, too. That’s because interest and mortgage insurance rates are typically lower for USDA loans than for FHA or conforming loans.
There are two types of USDA loans.
The Guaranteed Program is for buyers with incomes up to 115% of their Area Median Income (AMI)
The Direct Program is for those with incomes between 50% and 80% of the AMI
Standard USDA-guaranteed loans are available from many mainstream lenders. But the Direct program requires borrowers to work directly with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
You typically need a credit score of 640 or higher to qualify.
Check your USDA loan eligibility. Start here
Low income home loan programs
Aside from mortgages that are designed to help people with low incomes buy a home, there are also a number of other programs that offer help to make homeownership more accessible.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Program
Description
Who Is Eligible
Hud Homes
Discounted homes sold by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Low- to moderate-income families, with preference for those who will make it their primary residence. May include single-family homes.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
Vouchers to subsidize the cost of housing in the private market.
Low-income families; must meet income and other criteria set by state and local housing programs.
Good Neighbor Next Door
Significant discounts on homes for teachers, firefighters, police officers, and EMTs.
Must commit to living in the property as a primary residence for at least 36 months. Includes single-family homes.
HFA Loans
Loans offered by state Housing Finance Agencies with reduced interest rates and down payment assistance.
First-time or repeat buyers with low to moderate incomes must meet income requirements. Often, it must be a primary residence.
Down Payment Assistance
Grants or loans to cover the down payment and sometimes closing costs.
Typically for low- to moderate-income families, though criteria can vary by program. Often for single-family homes.
State or Local Assistance
Various grants, loans, or tax credits are offered at the state or local level.
Eligibility varies but usually targets low- to moderate-income families. May include single-family homes.
Mortgage Credit Certificates
Tax credit to reduce federal income tax liability.
First-time homebuyers who meet income requirements; must be primary residence.
Manufactured and Mobile Homes
Loans or grants specifically for manufactured or mobile homes.
Low- to moderate-income families; must meet criteria set by specific housing programs. Usually must be primary residence.
Hud Homes
When the FHA forecloses on homes, those properties are often put up for sale as HUD Homes. And, you can generally purchase one at a steep discount. To qualify for a HUD Home, it will need to be your primary residence for at least 12 months. Additionally, you must not have purchased another HUD in the past 24 months.
Keep in mind that HUD Homes are sold as-is. Many are fixer-uppers. Moreover, HUD Homes are purchased through a bidding process. You’ll need a real estate agent or mortgage broker licensed with HUD to bid on an FHA property.
You can find HUD Homes on the official HUD website, hudhomestore.com. There, you’ll see all HUD real estate owned (REO) single-family properties in your area.
Good Neighbor Next Door
The Good Neighbor Next Door program offers unique benefits for nurses, first responders, and teachers. If you’re eligible, you can buy HUD foreclosure homes at a 50% discount. Use an FHA mortgage, and you only need $100 for a down payment.
You can find the homes on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development website. You’ll also need a HUD-licensed real estate agent to put your offer in for you.
If your offer is accepted and you qualify for financing, you get the home. The 50% discount makes homeownership a lot more affordable. However, be aware that this discount is actually a second mortgage. But it has no interest and requires no payments. Live in the home for three years, and the second mortgage is forgiven entirely.
HFA home loans
Not to be confused with FHA loans, HFA loans are offered in partnership with state and local Housing Finance Authorities.
Many HFA loans are conventional mortgages backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They may require as little as 3% down, and many HFA programs can be used with down payment assistance to reduce the upfront cost of home buying.
Borrowers who qualify for an HFA loan might also be in line for discounted mortgage rates and mortgage insurance premiums. To qualify, you’ll typically need a credit score of at least 620. But eligibility requirements vary by program.
Find and contact your state’s public housing finance agency or authority to learn more and see if you qualify. Also, be aware that this type of loan program will require additional approval steps that may make loan closing take longer.
Down payment assistance programs (DPAs)
Down payment assistance is exactly what it sounds like. It provides help with down payments on home purchases and often closing costs. Government agencies, nonprofits, and other sources commonly offer down payment and closing cost assistance. They are usually in the form of a grant or loan (though the loans may be forgiven if you stay in the house for five to ten years).
Most DPA programs target low-income home buyers and have guidelines that make qualifying easier. Some, however, provide assistance to people who buy in “underserved” or “redevelopment” areas, regardless of income. Many DPA programs offer assistance worth tens of thousands of dollars.
Talk to a lender about your options. Start here
Mortgage Credit Certificates (MCCs)
Mortgage credit certificates (MCCs) can stretch your home-buying power. If you meet income requirements, you could get a tax credit equal to some percentage of your mortgage interest. Lenders are allowed to add this credit to your qualifying income when underwriting your mortgage. This allows you to qualify for a higher mortgage amount than you otherwise could.
There are numerous states, counties, and cities that issue mortgage credit certificates, and their regulations and amounts vary greatly. Check with your local housing finance authority to find out whether MCCs are available where you live.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
The Housing Choice Voucher homeownership program (HCV) provides both rental and home buying assistance to eligible low-income households. Also known as Section 8, this program allows low-income home buyers to use housing vouchers to purchase their own homes.
Because local public housing agencies run these voucher programs, eligibility varies depending on location. Still, you’ll likely need to meet the following requirements:
Program-specific income and employment conditions
Being a first-time home buyer
Completing a pre-assistance homeownership and counseling program
Keep in mind that not all states offer voucher programs, and some programs have waiting lists. Also, these programs could limit how much you can sell the home for later on. To find out if your area offers a participating program, use the HUD locator web tool.
Manufactured and mobile homes
A manufactured home usually costs less than a traditional, site-built home. When placed on approved foundations and taxed as real estate, manufactured homes can be financed with mainstream mortgage programs.
Many programs require slightly higher down payments or more restrictive terms for manufactured homes. HomeReady, for example, increases the minimum down payment from 3% to 5% if you finance a manufactured home. Other programs require the home to be brand new.
Additionally, there are often requirements regarding the year the home was built and the property’s foundation. These guidelines will vary between lenders. Mobile homes that are not classified as real estate can be purchased with personal loans like the FHA’s Title 2 program. These are not mortgages because the homes are not considered real estate.
Check your mortgage options. Start here
Tips for buying a house with low income
Whether you’re buying a new home or your first home, these tips can help you achieve your homeownership goals.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
Improve your credit history
Improving your FICO score is the best way to increase your chances of loan approval and qualify for lower mortgage rates.
The credit score needed to purchase a home varies depending on the type of loan you apply for. Conventional loans typically require a score of at least 620, while FHA loans often require at least 580.
Start by pulling free credit reports from annualcreditreport.com to determine your current score. Next, consider a few of the common methods for increasing credit scores. The amount of work that you’ll need to do will depend on your personal financial situation.
As an example, if your credit score is low because you’re using too much of your available credit, you may benefit from a debt consolidation loan to tame your high-interest account balances and improve your credit utilization.
On the other hand, if your credit history reveals missed payments, you’ll need to show at least 12 months of regular, on-time payments to improve your score.
Save for a down payment
The average first-time home buyer puts just 13% down on a new home. Yet, many loan programs require as little as 3% down or no down payment at all.
Remember that you still have to pay closing costs, which are typically around 2% to 5% of your mortgage loan amount. If you put less than 20% down, you’ll almost certainly have to pay for mortgage insurance.
In addition, you may need cash reserves in your savings account. This assures lenders that you can make your monthly mortgage payments should you suffer a financial setback. However, don’t let the down payment scare you away from homeownership. Many buyers qualify without even knowing it.
Pay down debts
Paying down debts will lower your debt-to-income ratio and improve your odds of mortgage approval. This is especially true for those with high-interest credit card debt.
You’ll likely qualify for lower rates when you have:
A low debt-to-income ratio (DTI)
High credit score
3% to 5% down payment
Stable income for the past two consecutive years
Use a first-time home buyer program
First-time buyer programs offer flexible guidelines for qualified buyers. Plus, these special programs exist in every state to help low-income households achieve homeownership.
Unlike traditional conventional loans, the government backs many first-time buyer mortgages. This allows mortgage lenders to offer loans with better rates and lower credit score requirements than they normally would be able to.
Verify your low income home loan eligibility. Start here
Model your budget
Owning a home requires more than qualifying for a loan and making monthly mortgage payments. Homeowners are responsible for a variety of ongoing costs, including:
Homeowners insurance
Property taxes
Mortgage insurance (in many cases)
Utility bills
Ongoing home maintenance
Home improvements
Appliance repair and replacement
Home buyers who have experience paying these ongoing costs of homeownership will be better prepared for the big day when they get the keys to their dream home.
Plus, sticking to this model budget in the months and years before purchasing a home and then saving the money you would spend on housing costs, such as insurance premiums and utilities, is a great way to build cash reserves and save for a down payment.
Use a co-signer
If you’re on the edge of qualifying for your own loan, using a co-signer may be an option.
Essentially, when you buy a house with a co-signer, you and your co-signer are both responsible for making the monthly payments. You’ll both also build and share in the home’s equity. Purchasing a home with a co-signer is quite common among unmarried couples, friends, and family members.
FAQ: Low income home loans
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
How do you buy a house with low income?
To buy a house with a low income, you have to know which mortgage program will accept your application. A few popular options include: FHA loans (allowing low income and as little as 3.5 percent down with a 580 credit score); USDA loans (for low-income buyers in rural and suburban areas); VA loans (a zero-down option for veterans and service members); and HomeReady or Home Possible (conforming loans for low-income buyers with just 3 percent down).
I make $25K a year; can I buy a house?
Mortgage experts recommend spending no more than 28 percent of your gross monthly income on a housing payment. So if you make $25K per year, you can likely afford around $580 per month for a house payment. Assuming a fixed interest rate of 6 percent and a 3 percent down payment, that might buy you a house worth about $100,000. But that’s only a rough estimate. Talk with a mortgage lender to get the exact numbers for your situation.
How do I qualify for a low-income mortgage?
Whether or not you qualify for a low income home loan depends on the program. For example, you might qualify for an FHA mortgage with just 3.5 percent down and a 580 credit score. Or, if your house is in a qualified area and you’re below local income caps, you might be able to get a zero-down USDA mortgage. Veterans can qualify for a low-income mortgage using a VA loan. Or, you can apply for the mortgage with a co-borrower and qualify based on combined incomes.
What programs are available for first-time home buyers?
Low income home loans can help first-time home buyers overcome hurdles like low credit or income, smaller down payments, or high levels of debt. A few good programs for first-time home buyers include Freddie Mac’s Home Possible mortgage, Fannie Mae’s HomeReady mortgage, the Conventional 97 mortgage, and government-backed loans like FHA, USDA, and VA. First-time home buyers can also apply for down payment assistance grants through their state or local housing department.
Can the government help me buy a house?
There are a number of ways the government can help you buy a house. Perhaps the most direct way to get help is by applying for down payment assistance. This is a grant or low-interest loan to help you make a down payment. You can also buy a house using a government-backed mortgage, like the FHA or USDA. With these programs, the government essentially insures the loan, so you can buy with a lower income, credit score, or down payment than you could otherwise.
How do I buy a house without proof of income?
You can no longer buy a house without proof of income. You have to prove you can pay the loan back somehow. But there are modern alternatives to stated-income loans. For instance, you can show “proof of income” through bank statements, assets, or retirement accounts instead of W2 tax forms (the traditional method). Many people who want to buy a house without proof of income these days find a bank statement loan to be a good option.
How do you rent to own?
A lease option or rent-to-own home isn’t exactly what it sounds like. You don’t simply rent until the house is paid off. Instead, you usually pay a higher rent for a set period of time. That excess rent then goes toward a down payment when you buy the house at a later date. Rent-to-own might help you buy a house if you don’t have a lot of cash on hand right now or if you need to improve your credit score before applying for a mortgage. However, rent-to-own requires seller cooperation and comes with unique risks.
Can I rent-to-own with no down payment?
Rent-to-own does not mean you can buy a house with no down payment. When you rent-to-own, you’re paying extra rent each month that will go toward your down payment later on. And usually, rent-to-own contracts include an option fee that’s a lot like a down payment. The option fee is smaller. Think 1 percent of the purchase price instead of 3 to 20 percent. And that fee eventually goes toward your purchase. But it’s still a few thousand dollars you must pay upfront to secure the right to buy the home later on.
Can I get a grant to buy a house?
Qualified buyers can get a grant to buy a house. These are called down payment assistance grants. They won’t pay for the whole house, but they can help cover your down payment to make a mortgage more affordable. You’re most likely to qualify for a grant to buy a house if you have a low to moderate income and live in a target area.
What type of low income home loan is the easiest to qualify for?
FHA loans are generally the easiest low income home loan to qualify for. The federal government insures these loans, which means lenders can relax their qualifying rules. It’s possible for a home buyer with a credit score of 500 to get approved for an FHA loan, but most FHA lenders look for scores of 580 or better. And a FICO score of 580 lets you make the FHA’s minimum down payment of 3.5 percent.
How can I get a home loan with low monthly payments?
To get the lowest possible monthly payment, choose a 30-year loan term, find a cheaper home, put more money down, and make sure you have excellent credit before applying for your mortgage. If you can afford a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid PMI premiums, which lower your monthly payments even more. Veterans can get VA loans that require no PMI, regardless of their down payment size.
What’s the lowest amount you can put on a house?
Some home buyers can put no money down with a VA or USDA loan. Conventional loans will require at least 3 percent down, and FHA loans will require at least 3.5 percent down. Down payment assistance grants and loans could help you cover some or all of this down payment.
How much house can I afford if I make $30K a year?
If you make $30,000 a year, you could probably spend about $110,000 on a house, assuming you get a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6 percent. This is a rough estimate. Your unique financial situation may be different. Getting a pre-approval from a lender is the only way to find your actual price range.
What are today’s mortgage rates for low income home loans?
Many low-income mortgage programs have lower interest rates than “standard” mortgage loans. So you might get a great deal.
However, interest rates vary depending on the borrower, the loan program, and the lender.
To find out where you stand, you’ll need to compare loan offers from several lenders and then choose your best deal.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Homebuyers looking to escape the hustle and bustle of city life may long for a quieter life in the country. But anytime you’re considering making a major lifestyle change, finances can become an issue.
If this sounds like you, you may be able to qualify for a USDA loan. This government-sponsored loan program focuses on houses located in designated rural and suburban areas.
What is a USDA home loan?
A USDA home loan is a type of mortgage for eligible rural and suburban homebuyers. It’s offered by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA loans are issued through the USDA Rural Development Guaranteed Housing Loan Program.
One of the biggest draws of the Rural Development program is that it doesn’t require any down payment. So, you can purchase your own home with a minimal amount of cash.
If you think this sounds like a good opportunity, you may be right. Keep reading to find out the benefits of applying for a USDA loan.
What are the different types of USDA loans?
The USDA offers three main mortgage programs for people who want to buy or repair a single-family home in a rural area:
USDA Direct Loans: Also known as Section 502 direct loans, these loans are issued to qualifying low-income borrowers with interest rates as low as 1% with certain subsidies and no down payment is typically required.
USDA Guaranteed Loans: Also known as the Section 502 Guaranteed Loan Program, these loans are issued by USDA-approved lenders and offer 100% financing, low interest rates, and minimal down payments to eligible buyers.
USDA Home Improvement Loans: Also known as the Section 504 Home Repair program, these loans are given to qualified homeowners to repair, improve, or modernize their homes. They’re also given to low-income elderly homeowners to remove health and safety hazards. The home improvement loan is up to $$40,000 and grants are also available up to $10,000. Additionally, loans and grants can now be combined for up to $50,000 in assistance.
USDA Streamline Refinance: Those with an existing USDA loan may be able to take advantage of lower rates with a USDA refinance loan. For those who qualify, the USDA streamline refinance is an attractive option as it does not require a home appraisal or income documentation. However, to be eligible, you must already have a USDA loan.
How much can I borrow with a USDA loan?
The majority of loans offered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) do not feature loan limits. Direct Loans are the only type of USDA loans with specific limits, but they are a small portion of all USDA loans. Therefore, it is unlikely that you will find any limits on your USDA loan.
For the USDA Direct Loan program in 2024, the loan limit is 766,550 in most parts of the country. However, in more expensive high-cost areas, the loan limits are higher.
4 Benefits of a USDA Loan
Listed below are the four biggest advantages of taking out a USDA loan.
1. No down payment
For many people, the thought of scraping together a down payment is the most significant barrier to buying a home. But with a USDA loan, there’s no down payment required. In comparison, you’ll need a 3.5% down payment for FHA loans and a minimum 5% down payment for conventional loans.
2. Low private mortgage insurance (PMI)
Anyone who buys a home with no down payment must purchase private mortgage insurance (PMI). The costs vary, but PMI generally costs between 0.5% to 1.0% of the total loan amount.
With the USDA mortgage program, you still have to purchase PMI, but the rates are lower than they are with a conventional loan.
3. Low credit requirements
USDA loans also come with more flexible credit requirements than what other lenders look for. If your credit score is at least 640, your application should be approved pretty quickly. And the program is available for borrowers that are short on credit history.
4. Finance your closing costs
When you buy a home, the lender charges closing costs for issuing the loan. The closing costs usually fall between 2% and 5% of the total loan amount. So if you buy a $200,000 home, you can expect to pay at least $4,000 in closing costs.
When you take out a USDA loan, you can roll your closing costs into the loan financing. This means you can finance your closing costs instead of paying them out of pocket.
How do you qualify for a USDA loan?
Taking out a USDA loan doesn’t mean you have to move to the middle of nowhere. There are a wide variety of properties eligible for purchase through the USDA loan program.
While you won’t find any homes located in a major metropolitan area, you may be able to find some in certain suburban areas. But, of course, the most extensive selection is available in rural areas since the purpose of the program is to strengthen these communities.
To find out if a home you’re interested in qualifies, simply input the address into the USDA website. The USDA does have strict requirements the home must meet to be eligible for the program, which we’ll discuss in more detail below.
See also: First-Time Home Buyer Grants and Programs
USDA Loan Requirements
If you can’t qualify for a conventional loan, you may be eligible for either a USDA guaranteed loan or a USDA direct loan. Here is an overview of the borrower requirements for USDA home loan programs:
You must be a U.S. citizen, non-citizen national, or qualified alien.
The home must be located in an eligible location.
You must be purchasing the home as your primary residence.
The loan must be taken out through a USDA-approved lender.
You must be able to meet the minimum credit requirements.
Income limits
USDA loan programs are designed to help low to middle-income families, so borrowers must meet certain income limitations. To qualify, your household income cannot exceed 115% of the median income in your area.
The income requirements for USDA loans are determined by county, so you can check the USDA’s website to determine the requirements in your area. You can also work with a USDA-approved lender to determine your eligibility.
Property Eligibility
The U.S. Department of Agriculture also puts certain restrictions on the type of property you can buy with a USDA loan. Here are the types of properties that are eligible for a USDA mortgage loan:
Single-family homes
New construction homes
Townhomes and approved condos
Planned Unit Developments
Approved modular homes
What credit score do you need for a USDA loan?
If you’re applying for a guaranteed USDA loan, there are a few basic credit requirements you’ll need to meet. The USDA doesn’t set a minimum credit score requirement, but your application will get processed much faster if your credit score is at least 640.
A credit score below 640 doesn’t automatically rule you out, but your application will go through stricter underwriting guidelines. This is to ensure you can handle the monthly payments.
And you’re less likely to be approved if you have any collections on your credit report in the past 12 months. However, you may be granted an exception if you can prove that your credit was damaged because of a medical issue or something outside your control.
And finally, a USDA loan may be a viable option for you if you’re still in the process of building your credit scores. Your application may be approved even if you have a limited credit history if you can supply other credit references, like utility payments or rent payments.
USDA Income Limits
Income limits are set on all USDA loans to ensure the USDA loan program benefits low to middle-income families. These income restrictions are determined by various factors, including the median income for your local city or county. You can check your income eligibility to find out if you qualify.
The size of your family also helps determine your eligibility. If you have a large family, then it’s expected you’ll need a more substantial income to live on, and you’ll receive more leeway.
There are also different tiers of eligibility, depending on the type of USDA loan you’re taking out. For example, USDA guaranteed loans call for a moderate income, whereas USDA direct loans require applicants to fall in the low-income category.
Stable Income
Finally, you must have a stable monthly income to be eligible for a USDA loan. Usually, you need to show a history of stable employment for at least 24 months.
If you have questions about your eligibility, you can contact a mortgage lender that specializes in USDA loans. Just be sure to ask so you don’t waste your time working with a lender who doesn’t understand the nuances of USDA loans.
Real estate agents that work in a rural area may also be able to point you in the right direction, since they’re likely to have more experience with clients utilizing these programs.
Are there any other eligibility requirements?
This article is mainly focused on the USDA’s requirements, but keep in mind, the USDA isn’t lending you any money. Each lender can apply its own requirements as long as they meet the USDA’s basic guidelines. Your lender will want a complete financial picture, as well as your credit history and current employment status.
And one of the guidelines surrounds PITI, which stands for principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. Each of these things are combined to form your total monthly mortgage payment.
This amount can’t be more than 29% of your pre-tax monthly income. So if you make $3,000 per month, your total monthly payment would have to be less than $900.
Debt-to-Income Ratio
Another common requirement is known as your debt-to-income ratio. This is when the lender looks at compares your income to your total monthly debt payments. Ideally, your debt-to-income ratio shouldn’t be higher than 41%.
So if your income is $3,000 per month, your total monthly debt payments should be less than $1,230. And remember, your mortgage will be included in the total debt payments. But you may qualify for a higher debt ratio if your credit score is higher than 680.
Bottom Line
With a USDA mortgage, you can purchase your dream home without having to save up for a down payment. However, not everyone will qualify for this program.
If you’re interested in taking out a USDA loan, you should start by finding out if you meet the income restrictions in your county. And you might consider working with an experienced USDA lender to find out if you’re a suitable candidate for the program.
USDA Loan FAQs
How does a USDA loan work?
USDA loans provide low-interest home mortgages to qualified borrowers. These loans are issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, and are designed to help eligible borrowers purchase homes in rural areas and some suburban areas.
To qualify for a USDA loan, borrowers must typically meet certain income and credit requirements, as well as have a debt-to-income ratio that is lower than the national average. Once approved, the loan is typically issued in the form of a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, with the interest rate set by the USDA. Borrowers can then use the funds to purchase a home and make mortgage payments over time.
What’s the difference between FHA, VA, and USDA Loans?
FHA loans are mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration that are available to homebuyers with less-than-perfect credit and relatively low down payments.
VA loans are mortgage loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs that are available to qualifying veterans and military members with competitive terms and no down payment.
USDA loans are mortgage loans offered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that are available to low-income borrowers in rural areas.
All three loan types require mortgage insurance, but the payment requirements vary.
What is the interest rate on USDA loans?
The interest rate on a USDA loan varies depending on the type of loan, the lender, the borrower’s credit score and other factors. Generally, USDA loan interest rates range from 1.00% to 4.00%.
The current interest rate for Single Family Housing Direct home loans is 3.75%. This fixed rate is based on current market rates at loan approval or loan closing, whichever is lower.
If payment assistance is applied, the interest rate can be as low as 1%. The payback period can be up to 33 years, or 38 years for very low-income applicants who can’t afford the 33-year loan term.
What are the fees associated with a USDA loan?
The upfront guarantee fee is 1% of the amount of the loan, and this fee must be paid at closing. This fee is non-refundable and is not included in the loan amount.
In addition to the upfront fee, there is an annual fee, which ranges from 0.35% to 0.50%. This fee is calculated as a percentage of the loan amount and is generally due each year.
USDA home loans also have other typical closing costs associated with them, such as appraisal fees, title fees, and recording fees.
Many landlords are finding it difficult to finance or refinance their properties thanks to high interest rates and high debt-to-income ratios. Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) loans are an option that prioritizes cash flow on the property over the landlord’s personal credit. While DSCR loans appear to be the solution to many investors’ prayers, there are many downsides to DSCR loans. I have looked into the loans many times but have never personally pulled the trigger on one.
What is a DSCR Loan?
Unlike traditional loans that rely heavily on your personal income and credit score, DSCR loans focus on the income-generating potential of the property itself. These loans are particularly ideal for investors with:
Limited traditional income: Self-employed individuals, business owners, or those with irregular earnings can qualify based on the property’s projected rental income.
Multiple mortgaged properties: If you already have several investment properties, traditional lenders might not give any additional loans. There could be portfolio lenders who will lend to investors, usually small banks and DSCR lenders who do not care how many properties you have.
How Does a DSCR Loan Work?
Instead of scrutinizing your tax returns and credit score, DSCR loans use a simple formula:
DSCR = Net Operating Income (NOI) / Total Debt Service (TDS)
NOI: Rental income minus operating expenses like property taxes, insurance, and maintenance.
TDS: Monthly principal and interest payments on the loan.
A minimum DSCR ratio, typically between 1.25 and 1.5, is required for loan approval (some lenders may go down to 1.0 with a large down payment). This ensures the property generates enough income to comfortably cover its debt obligations.
Some DSCR lenders will also lend on potential cash flow which means the property does not have to be fully stabilized before they will consider it. It is also important to know what the lender’s definition of cash flow is because my definition is much different than theirs!
Pros and cons of DSCR loans
Advantages of DSCR Loans:
Access to financing: Even with imperfect credit or limited income, you can secure funding for promising investment opportunities.
Focus on cash flow: The emphasis on property income encourages responsible investment choices based on sustainable potential.
Faster closing times: DSCR loan applications can be less complex and quicker to process compared to traditional loans.
Risks and Considerations:
Higher interest rates: DSCR loans often come with higher interest rates than traditional loans due to the perceived increased risk.
Stricter property requirements: Lenders might have specific criteria for property type, location, and rental income potential.
Limited loan-to-value (LTV) ratios: The amount you can borrow might be lower compared to traditional loans, requiring a larger down payment.
Pre-payment penalties: Most DSCR loans come with large pre-payment penalties which means you will need to hold that loan for the long term or pay hefty penalties.
Is a DSCR Loan Right for You?
While DSCR loans offer enticing possibilities, careful evaluation is crucial. Consider these factors:
Your financial goals: Is the higher potential return worth the increased interest costs and risk?
Property selection: Can you find a property with strong enough rental income to meet the DSCR requirements?
Exit strategy: Are you prepared to hold the property long enough to avoid the pre-payment penalties or are you willing to pay them if you need to sell or refinance?
Why Have I not used a DSCR loan?
I have looked into using DSCR loans on some of my properties but there are a few reasons I have never pulled the trigger.
The pre-payment penalty is a huge downside right now when interest rates are dropping and I may want to refinance in a year or two.
The interest rates always seem to be quite a bit higher when I get my official quote than what is originally advertised.
There are quite a bit of origination fees and points when using a broker.
Many DSCR lenders will not lend on mixed-use or commercial properties which I have a lot of!
If you can get local bank financing it is usually much better than a DSCR lender. The rates are lower with no pre-payment penalties but the banks may have shorter terms on their loans as well. I may look into DSCR loans again and you can find some lending options on my resources page if you are looking for a lender.
Below is the property I may be looking to refinance soon.
Student loans give many college students the opportunity to finance their education. Being well-informed on the nuts and bolts of student loans can make it easier to fund your education, while still keeping your eye on long-term goals like starting a career and saving for the future.
10 Student Loan Questions, Answered
There are many different types of student loans, with different loan amounts, costs, benefits, and repayment terms. In short, student loans are complicated. But don’t stress. We have answers to questions on everything from the difference between federal and private student loans to interest rates to when and how you’ll need to start repaying your loans. Let’s dive in. 💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.
1. How Do I Apply for Federal Student Loans?
To apply for federal student loans, you’ll need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). This opens the door to many forms of financial aid, including grants, work-study, and federal student loans.
After you submit the FAFSA, you’ll receive a Student Aid Report (SAR) via email or regular mail. The report includes your responses to the FAFSA questions as well as your Student Aid Index (SAI), formerly called Expected Family Contribution (EFC). Your SAI is a number that is used to determine your eligibility for federal financial aid.
Schools that receive information from your FAFSA will be able to tell you if you qualify for federal student loans. Almost every American family qualifies for federal student loans. Direct Subsidized Loans (in which the government covers your interest while you are in school and for six months after you graduate) are awarded based on financial need. Direct Unsubsidized Loans (in which you are responsible for all interest that accrues on the loan) are not need-based.
2. How Do I Fill Out a FAFSA Form?
You can fill out the FAFSA online at StudentAid.gov . While the FAFSA is known for being a confusing and complex application to complete, the form was streamlined for the 2024-2025 award year. Applicants can now skip as many as 26 questions, and some applicants may be able to complete it in as little as ten minutes.
While the FAFSA is typically available starting on October 1 for the following academic year, the new 2024-2025 FAFSA will not be available until December 31, 2023.
The first step to filling out the FAFSA is to create an FSA ID through StudentAid.gov, which serves as an electronic signature. Both you and your parents will need to create your own unique FSA ID. You’ll then want to check what information you’ll need to fill out the FAFSA and gather it before you begin.
The online FAFSA is typically processed by the Department of Education within three to five days, and then the information is sent to the list of schools you provided (keep in mind that you can list schools that you have not yet applied to.) The colleges use your FAFSA information to determine financial aid eligibility.
3. What is the Difference Between Private Student Loans and Federal Ones?
Federal student loans are funded through the government and are strictly regulated. To qualify for them, students must fill out the FAFSA. Private student loans, by contrast, are funded by banks, credit unions, and other private lenders.
Federal student loans for undergraduates don’t require a credit check and rates are set by Congress each year. Federal student loans also come with guaranteed benefits and protections, including income-driven repayment plans, deferment and forbearance options, and forgiveness programs.
Private student loans do require a credit check and rates are set by individual lenders. Generally, borrowers (or their parent cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates. Loan limits vary by lender, but you can often get up to the total cost of attendance, which is more than you can borrow from the federal government.
Since private student loans generally have higher interest rates than federal student loans and lack the same protections, it’s generally recommended that you tap all forms of federal aid, including federal student loans, before applying for private student loans.
Recommended: Private vs Federal Student Loans
4. How Much Does College Cost?
The average cost of tuition and fees for the 2023-2024 school year is $42,162 at private colleges, $23,630 for out-of-state students at public universities, and $10,662 for in-state residents at public schools, according to U.S. News.
The actual amount you will pay for college will depend on where you choose to go and how much financial aid, including need-based and merit-based aid, the school awards you.
If you submitted the FAFSA, each school that accepts you will also send you a financial aid award letter, also known as the student aid package or school offer. This letter will include the annual total cost of attendance and a list of financial aid options. Typically, your financial aid package will be a mix of gift aid, meaning financial aid that doesn’t have to be repaid, and federal student loans, which you have to repay with interest. The award letter is specific to that university or college, so you’ll receive a different letter from every school that accepts you as an incoming student.
5. Is College Worth the Cost? What Are the Benefits?
College represents an investment in yourself and your future, and only you can decide how much that’s worth. So, we’ll focus instead on the potential benefits of going to college. The most obvious benefit is that, if you want to pursue certain careers, you’ll likely need the appropriate college education and training.
Studies show that college graduates earn significantly more money, accumulated over a lifetime, than those who did not attend. Earning your degree of choice requires a solid plan and commitment, and these are excellent strategies and skills to develop before entering the working world. Plus, people often make lifelong friendships at college, and many universities have a strong alumni network, which can be helpful on many levels as you begin your career.
6. What Can Student Loans Be Used For?
Funds from federal and private student loans can be used for a variety of education-related expenses, including tuition, fees, textbooks, computers/software, transportation to and from school, housing (on or off campus), meal plans or groceries, and housing supplies (e.g., sheets, towels, etc.).
Basically, if the expense is essential to your educational success — meaning it supports your living arrangements, basic daily needs, or attendance at school — it’s likely a permissible use of student loan funds.
Recommended: Using Student Loans for Housing and Living Expenses
7. What is a Grace Period for Student Loans?
For most federal student loans, after you graduate, leave school, or drop below half-time enrollment, you have a six-month grace period before you must begin making payments. Grade periods for private student loans can vary by individual lender.
The student loan grace period is designed to give students a chance to find employment before their monthly loan payments kick in.
You are not required to make interest or principal payments during the grace period. However, if your loan isn’t subsidized by the government, interest will still accumulate during the grace period and be added to your balance, or capitalized, if you don’t pay it before your first loan payment is due. Making at least interest-only payments even when it’s not required can save you a significant amount of money over the life of your student loans.
8. How Do I Repay Student Loans?
Repayment on federal student loans generally begins after the six-month grace period. The standard repayment plan for federal student loans is 10 years, but borrowers are able to select one of the other repayment plans at any time without incurring any costs.
Federal student loans also offer income-driven repayment plans, which tie the borrower’s monthly payment to their income. While this may make the loan more expensive in the long-term, it can make the monthly payments more affordable. When deciding on a repayment plan, you want to consider factors like your income, estimated monthly payments on the student loan, and your overall budget. Over time, you may find it helpful to reevaluate the payment plan you’ve selected as your financial situation may change.
To determine the repayment options available with a private student loan, check directly with the individual lender.
If you have higher-interest Direct Unsubsidized Loans, graduate PLUS loans, and/or private loans, you may be able to refinance your student loans after you graduate at a lower interest rate. This could lower the total cost of your loans and make repayment easier.
9. Can I Repay Student Loans Early?
Yes, you can generally pay off student loans, including federal student loans and private student loans, early without incurring prepayment penalties. You may want to reach out to your lender first to make sure they will apply your extra payments to your principal, rather than towards your next payment.
There are many benefits to paying off your student debt early. You will save on student loan interest and get out of debt faster. However, you’ll want to make sure you have enough income to cover a higher monthly payment. Paying too much toward your student loan could cause you to fall short on essential bills like rent or a car loan. It might also delay saving for other goals.
Recommended: 6 Strategies to Pay off Student Loans Quickly
10. How Can I Apply for a Private Student Loan?
If you decide to apply for a private student loan to help pay for college, it’s a good idea to shop around and compare lenders. Your school’s financial aid office may be able to provide you with a list of lenders that they work with. However, you’re not restricted to this list.
Before you choose a lender, it’s a good idea to review factors including interest rate, loan terms, any additional fees associated with the loan, and the repayment plans available at each lender. Many lenders will allow potential borrowers to get prequalified to find out how much they may qualify to borrow and at what rates.
Another thing that may be worth considering is if the lender has any sort of programs for borrowers who run into financial difficulties down the road and may have trouble making payments on their student loans. Some lenders offer unemployment protection that allows eligible borrowers to temporarily pause payments on their student loans should they lose their job through no fault of their own. 💡 Quick Tip: Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate.
The Takeaway
Student loans can be instrumental in helping you pay for college, but it’s important to understand how they work before borrowing. Broadly, there are both federal and private student loans. Federal student loans are backed by the federal government and come with unique benefits like income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness programs.
Private student loans are offered by private lenders and generally require potential borrowers to undergo a credit check during the application process. Since private student loans tend to have higher interest rates and lack federal protections, you generally want to consider federal loans first.
If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.
Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Private Student Loans Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.
SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
California-based mortgage lender loanDepoton Tuesday announced the launch of its fully automated underwriting engine called melloNow.
The new system, which has been in beta-testing for the last several quarters, delivers a fully conditional loan approval “in minutes rather than hours or days,” the company said in a statement.
Jeff Walsh, loanDepot’s mortgage president, said in a statement that the new underwriting engine allows the company to bypass “the delays and friction points typical of traditional loan evaluation and approval processes while improving overall loan quality.”
melloNow, through its digital verification process, quickly analyzes credit reports, detects frauds and validates income and employment data at the point of sale. Ultimately, the engine generates instantaneous borrower conditions.
According to the company, both the loan officer and the customer understand exactly what’s needed to assemble the required paperwork quickly and efficiently. “The engine provides real-time conditional approval for a “large segment of loans,” the lender said.
loanDepot, a top 15 U.S. mortgage lender, originated $6.1 billion in the third quarter, with purchase loans comprising 71% of the total, per filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
According to its executives, the company is hoping to achieve profitability in the spring selling season via cost reductions and automation, among other initiatives.
loanDepot’s CEO Frank Martell anticipated in an exclusive sit-down interview during HousingWire Annualin early October that a new generation of its underwriting system was coming out before the end of this year.
“The mello technology is a calling card. When I recruit people and talk to people in the industry, the perception of our technology is that it’s top-notch, which is true. Our point-of-sale platform, our underwriting decisioning . . . it’s really good. We have a new generation coming out before the end of this year,” Martell said.
Viviana Abarca, loanDepot’s executive vice president of lending operations, said in a statement the underwriting engine is part of the strategy to deliver “a best-in-class customer experience throughout the entire loan journey,” from the firm’s initial contact with a prospective borrower to the long-term servicing of the funded loan.
Earlier this year, HousingWire reported that loanDepot started moving some of its backend operations to Black Knight‘s cloud-based version of the Empower loan origination system as the firm continues its efforts to cut costs.
Editor’s note: In June 2014, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) took enforcement action against Truist for unlawful and deceptive practices. Truist was ordered to pay at least $500 million to underwater borrowers, provide $40 million to victims of foreclosure, pay a penalty to the Department of Justice and establish homeowner protections to prevent further violations. Because of this, we can’t currently recommend Truist as a lender.
Truist offers several options for mortgage purchase and refinance loans, including doctor loans for qualified physicians and dentists. If you’re thinking about applying for a mortgage from Truist, here’s what you should know first.
Truist
Blueprint Rating
Truist overview
Truist has roots that date back to 1872, when the Branch Banking and Trust Company (BB&T) was founded. In 2019, BB&T merged with SunTrust Banks to form the Truist Financial Corporation.
Unfortunately, in its short time as Truist, the company has garnered thousands of poor reviews from customers. The company is accredited with the Better Business Bureau (BBB) and has an A+ BBB rating. However, as of Dec. 12, 2023, the company has a BBB star rating of just 1.09 out of 5.0, based on over 2,300 customer reviews. Customers complained about having trouble contacting customer service and others complained about fraudulent activities within their account. Truist seems to send an automated reply to these reviews, telling them to contact the company directly.
As of Dec. 12, 2023, Truist has also earned a star rating of 1.2 out of 5.0 stars on Trustpilot, based on 1,300 reviews.
How to qualify for a Truist mortgage
Truist offers a variety of mortgage loans, each with its own requirements. Here’s how to put yourself in the best standing to qualify for a Truist mortgage.
How to apply for a Truist mortgage
Compare lenders and get pre-qualified. Before you apply, be sure to compare as many mortgage lenders as possible, including Truist, to find the right loan for your needs. Consider interest rates, repayment terms, eligibility requirements and other factors as you weigh your choices. Truist as well as many other lenders allow you to pre-qualify with only a soft credit check that won’t affect your credit score — this will give you an idea of how much you can borrow and help you set a budget.
Pick a lender and apply. If you choose to go forward with Truist, you can start the formal application process online, by phone or in person at a local Truist branch. Speak with a loan officer to complete the application and determine the right type of mortgage for you. Be prepared to provide required documents, such as proof of income, assets, identification and previous tax statements. Work with the bank to answer any questions and document requests in a timely manner to avoid delays.
Close on the loan. The loan approval process with Truist typically takes about 30 to 60 days. If you’re approved, your loan will be scheduled to close. On closing day, you’ll sign paperwork and pay the closing costs, after which you’ll get the key to your new home.
Pros of a Truist mortgage
Offers doctor loans to medical and dental professionals.
Offers construction-to-permanent loans.
Can apply online, over the phone or in person in some areas.
Cons of a Truist mortgage
Doesn’t offer mortgages backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Poor customer service reviews.
Only available in 15 states and Washington, D.C.
Truist perks and special features
Savings and discounts
Like many other lenders, Truist offers you the option to buy mortgage points. These will permanently lower the interest rate on your loan for an upfront fee. If you intend to stay in the home for the length of the loan, mortgage points can save you thousands of dollars on interest payments.
Offers doctor loans
If you’re a medical doctor or dentist, a doctor loan could be a good option. These loans aren’t offered by many lenders. But with Truist’s doctor loan, qualified physicians and dentists can get a more favorable interest rate and make a lower or no down payment, even if they have student loans.
Offers construction-to-permanent loans
Another loan type that Truist offers that a lot of other mortgage lenders don’t is a construction-to-permanent loan. If you’re building a home, you can get one loan that funds the construction. Once the construction is complete, this loan will roll over into a traditional mortgage.
With Truist’s construction-to-permanent loan, you’ll make interest-only payments during construction and have only one set of closing costs for the land, construction and mortgage. Plus, there are no penalties for prepayment, so you don’t have to worry about being charged if you pay the mortgage off early.
Multiple ways to apply
Truist offers you the ability to apply over the phone, online or in person. With so many people turning to online mortgage applications, the fact that Truist offers physical locations can be an asset if you prefer to apply for a mortgage in person. Buying a home is a big decision and having someone to talk to face-to-face can be helpful.
How Truist could improve
Offer USDA loans
For much of rural America, a USDA loan increases their ability to own a home. These government-backed loans are for low-income families buying a home in specific rural areas. Truist, however, doesn’t offer these loans, which limits options for those who don’t live in cities. If Truist wants to improve its offerings, one way could be to provide a USDA loan option.
Improve customer service
Just browsing sites like BBB and Trustpilot can leave you with the impression that Truist isn’t well-regarded. There are a lot of negative reviews, complaining about a variety of things. These include the bank’s slowness in responding to deposits, improper handling of accounts and multiple accounts being hacked. Customers complain that they often are required to visit branches in person to resolve these issues, which is a problem when there are limited hours.
Expand availability
Truist is only available in 15 states and Washington, D.C. Its locations are mostly in the South and eastern parts of the country. Truist’s mortgages could reach more people if it expanded its availability to additional areas.
While Truist’s roots lie in operating as a traditional brick-and-mortar bank, it could make its mortgages available to a wider part of the country while maintaining its current in-person branches.
Truist customer service and reviews
There are multiple ways to contact Truist. You can visit a branch in person, connect on social media or call. You can talk to someone Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET on Saturdays. After hours, there’s 24-hour automated assistance.
The company also offers a mobile app, which lets you view your accounts, make payments and more. The app has a rating of 4.7 out of 5.0 stars on both the App Store and the Google Play store as of Dec. 12, 2023. However, many recent reviews note that the app has suffered since the merger to form Truist, with customers citing that recent versions are slow and unstable.
Customer reviews
Truist has received many negative reviews from customers on sites like BBB and Trustpilot. Some trends among these reviews state that the company is difficult to contact, accounts are often locked and promotions the company runs are misleading.
As of Dec. 12, 2023, these reviews have resulted in a BBB customer rating of 1.09 out of 5.0 stars and a Trustpilot rating of 1.2 out of 5.0 stars.
CFPB action
In 2014, SunTrust (a predecessor of Truist), was required by the CFPB to pay customers $540 million due to wrongfully servicing their loans. The company was also required to pay a penalty of $418 million to the Department of Justice. These institutions found that SunTrust was illegally foreclosing on homes by denying loan modifications, deceiving homeowners and charging unauthorized fees.
Truist alternatives: Truist vs. Bank of America vs. Chase
It’s important to consider a wide variety of mortgage lenders before applying for a loan. Two competitors to consider in addition to Truist include Bank of America and Chase.
Bank of America is a multinational financial company with ties back to 1784, when its predecessor, the Massachusetts Bank, was founded. As of 2021, it holds over $3.17 trillion in total assets and operates worldwide.
Chase Bank is a subsidiary of the holding company JPMorgan Chase & Co. Its history dates back to 1799 when its predecessor was founded as The Manhattan Company. As of 2021, JPMorgan Chase & Co. held over $3.7 trillion in total assets, making it the largest financial institution in the country.
While Truist is a big bank with a lot of history, both Bank of America and Chase are much larger than Truist. Mortgages are small parts of their businesses. With either of these banks, you might have more financing options. However, with a place like Truist, you could have a more personalized experience. While Truist is only available in 15 states and Washington D.C., that can be a positive as chances are higher that a Truist loan officer would be more familiar with state laws and assistance programs.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
The exact credit score you’ll need to get a Truist mortgage depends on the type of loan you choose. You must have a minimum credit score of 620 to qualify for FHA, VA and conventional mortgages. For jumbo loans, you’ll need a score of at least 680.
Truist mortgages are available in 15 states plus Washington, D.C. These states include:
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Indiana
Kentucky
Maryland
New Jersey
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
Single-family homes, condominiums and some multi-unit properties are all eligible properties for personal mortgages. Truist also offers loans for real estate investors.
Truist is one of the 10 largest banks in the U.S. You don’t get that without repeat customers. Still, the recent merger of BB&T and SunTrust has caused hiccups with client accounts. Also, in 2014, SunTrust the CFPB required SunTrust to pay customers $540 million in relief due to wrongfully servicing their loans.
TPO, Anti-Valuation Bias Tools; Retail and Broker News; Interview on Home Equity Levels
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TPO, Anti-Valuation Bias Tools; Retail and Broker News; Interview on Home Equity Levels
By: Rob Chrisman
Thu, Dec 21 2023, 10:43 AM
“What do you call a Christmas wreath made out of $100 bills? Aretha Franklins.” It’s cutting-edge humor like this that keeps readers coming back for more, right? Or astronomy tips, as today is the Winter Solstice, with the least amount of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere and a little music to go along with it. “The winter is here again, oh Lord. Haven’t been home in a year or more.” (Look at that hair!) Lenders and vendors are hoping that the decline in rates keeps the “winter” away from lending, and holds more salary cuts, layoffs, and furloughs at bay. Mortgage banking is not alone in expanding automation and trying to save money. Do you think that you deserve a lower price for checking out of a store yourself and not using a paid clerk? Many do. The number of people who work as cashiers dropped from 1.4 million in 2019 to 1.2 million today, and over the next decade the BLS projects an additional 10 percent decline. (Today’s podcast can be found here, and this week’s is sponsored by Lender Toolkit’s AI-powered AI Underwriter and Prism borrower income automation tools. Get loans approved in under two minutes. By providing lightning-fast underwriting decisions, your market reputation with borrowers and Realtors will soar. Listen to an interview with Hometap’s Dan Burnett on record home equity levels and how Americans can best leverage them.)
Lender and Broker Products, Programs, and Services
“With increased regulatory focus on property-valuation bias, lenders need robust risk-management processes in place. The recently released interagency proposals on AVM-quality control and ROV-process guidance are designed to prevent valuation bias and help ensure industry stakeholders follow fair-lending practices. Watch our complimentary on-demand webinar to learn how you can prepare, and implement the tools needed to support the proposed changes.* Our experts discuss how to identify potential bias in valuations, ways to mitigate bias risk, how to monitor AVM and appraisal compliance with fair-lending requirements, and more. Watch this timely and important webinar here. *Check with your compliance or legal department for information on complying with applicable law.”
“As the year draws to a close, Planet Home Lending extends our heartfelt gratitude to our invaluable correspondent partners. Together, we’ve stood strong in the face of challenges in a demanding market. Thank you for being an integral part of our shared journey. As we look forward to 2024, we continue our commitment to being your go-to team, your reliable partner, your toolkit, and your product gateway. Here’s to a smooth finish for 2023 and a prosperous New Year.”
“Ready to make your borrowers’ dreams of homeownership a reality? Kind ‘s blended FICO (conventional representative score) loan options can help make it happen! With this option, your borrowers have a greater chance of final approval for a home loan based on their average combined score. Kind has the tools & resources to help you get the job done fast and easy! Using the Kwik Pricer in our broker platform, Kwikie – built with brokers in mind, you’ll be able to knock out deals hassle-free! Learn more by connecting with your Kind Account Executive. If you’re not yet a partner with us, join the #kindmovement today by submitting your broker inquiry.”
Disaster Updates and Other Industry News
On December 13, 2023, with DR-4751-TN, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) declared that federal disaster aid with individual assistance has been made available to four Tennessee counties; Davidson, Dickson, Montgomery and Sumner to supplement recovery efforts in the areas affected by severe storms and tornadoes on December 9, 2023.
On 12/13/2023, with DR-4751, FEMA declared federal disaster aid with individual assistance has been made available to counties affected by severe storms and tornadoes on 12/9/2023. See AmeriHome Mortgage Disaster Announcement 20231205-CL for inspection requirements.
Hometown Equity Mortgage is offering G-PA 525 Fast closings 21-30 days, 5-25 units can be mixed use, Mixed use is viable with 70 percent residential, no prepay, I/O 12/24, Up to 75 percent LTV.
Create opportunities with ITIN borrowers in the new year. If you’re not sure how, reach out to the Champs of Non-QM. Champions Funding is steadfast in its mission to help you and your borrowers access loan products outside of traditional agency options. Don’t miss out on learning all the CDFI benefits too! Not yet partnered with the Champs? Sign up today!
loanDepot, Inc. a leading provider of home lending solutions that enable customers to achieve the dream of home ownership, unveiled its fully automated melloNow underwriting engine, changing the game for mortgage borrowers by delivering a fully conditional loan approval in minutes rather than hours or days. Utilizing a fully digital verification process, melloNow swiftly analyzes credit reports, detects fraud, and validates income and employment data at the point of sale, instantaneously generating unique borrower conditions. Now, with the melloNow digital underwriting engine, many loanDepot customers will enjoy a dramatically improved experience.
Newfi Wholesale announced its partnership with the popular technology solution, ARIVE to bring its full suite of Non-QM products to loan officers and brokers. With this partnership, ARIVE is now expanding its capabilities to include DSCR loans. This illustrates the industry-wide shift towards the growing Non-QM sector. Specializing in alternative lending products, Newfi has led the way with innovative solutions relevant for today’s markets. This strategic partnership will empower mortgage brokers with a one-stop shop mortgage experience to a wide array of niche loan programs. Newfi approved brokers will gain immediate access to Newfi’s diverse product lineup and competitive pricing in seamless technological experience, with deeper integrations in development and are set to be unveiled soon, further enriching our shared platform’s capabilities. Brokers interested in working with Newfi can sign up here.
Effective for FHA case number assignments on or after January 1, 2024, AmeriHome’s 2024 Loan Limit Pricing will be available. For additional information including updates on VA loan limits, see AmeriHome Mortgage announcement 20231207-CL for details.
For Mortgage Loans converted from interim construction financing to a permanent loan with a modification, the Loan Modification Agreement required to be included in the Collateral Package may be a certified copy with the original document treated as a Trailing Document. View AmeriHome Mortgage Product Announcement 20231206-CL for details.
VA announced an update to VA Lenders Handbook Chapter 4 Topic 7, Subsection b on Collection Accounts. See AmeriHome Mortgage announcement 20231204-CL for details.
Jet Mortgage is offering a new FHA DPA, 100 percent LTV FHA with New Improved Pricing. Jet 200 FHA DPA Highlights include 600 Min FICO, 1 Unit, Condo’s, Townhomes, Repayable & Forgivable Option, Max 2 percent BPC/LPC – Max 2 percent Discount Points. Must be DU Approve/Eligible, no Manual Underwrites allowed. Contact Jet Mortgage for more information.
VA has issued Circular 26-23-26 regarding the impact of 2024 Conforming Loan Limits on VA loans. Contact Kind Lending with questions about impacts to VA loans regarding changes to conforming loan limits for 2024
Capital Markets
Bonds enjoyed another winning session yesterday on the back of some market-friendly inflation data for November out of the United Kingdom, geopolitical angst tied to a potential military response to Houthi rebels disrupting shipping activity in the Red Sea, slowdown worries linked to disappointing forward revenue guidance from economic bellwether FedEx, and some safe-haven positioning before the extended Christmas weekend. The market largely overlooked some stronger-than-expected existing home sales activity in November, a nice pickup in consumer confidence in December, and a weak 20-year bond reopening auction.
In housing/real-estate news, Existing Home sales rose 0.8 percent month-over-month in November to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 3.82 million, ending a five-month decline. Despite the rise, sales still sit 7.3 percent lower than a year ago largely due to mortgage rates spiking in September and October. Sales of existing homes continue to be hindered by high mortgage rates, high selling prices, and limited inventory. Inventory remains light, with only 3.5 months’ worth at the current pace. Fortunately, the recent drop in mortgage rates is expected to be a driver of stronger sales activity in December. The median home price rose 4 percent year-over-year to $387,600, while the first-time homebuyer share rose to 31 percent from 28 percent from the month prior.
As previously mentioned, this week contains a lot of housing data. After learning Tuesday of a substantial pick-up in residential activity recently, it would appear that home builders are becoming more optimistic as mortgage rates trend lower and economic growth remains resilient. Speaking of optimism, we also learned yesterday that the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index increased in December as there was renewed optimism across all ages and household income levels with attention being paid to improved inflation trends, business conditions, and job availability. Consumer confidence is highly influenced by gasoline prices, which have been falling.
There will be little data of importance on the economic front until we get into the new year, though we do have a busy economic calendar today that is underway with the third look at Q3 GDP (4.9 percent, revised slightly downward). We’ve also received weekly jobless claims (205k, up from 202k) and Philadelphia Fed manufacturing (-10.5, much lower than expected). The core PCE deflator was expected to be unchanged at 2.3 percent. Later today brings leading indicators for November, KC Fed manufacturing for December, Treasury announcing next week’s laundry list of supply including 2-, 5- and 7-year notes before auctioning $20 billion reopened 5-year TIPS, and Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey with the prior week’s 30-year mortgage rate slipping eight basis points to 6.95 percent. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices unchanged from Wednesday night, the 10-year yielding 3.87 after closing yesterday at 3.88 percent, and the 2-year at 4.36. With yesterday’s gains, the 10-year note yield returned to unchanged for 2023 after hitting 5.02 percent intraday in the middle of October.
Employment
“Logan Finance bucks mortgage industry trends with strong Q4 growth! As the year-end fast approaches, Logan Finance finds itself in a thriving environment sparking growth that has more than doubled over the last two years. “There’s a great need for Non-QM lending and we are positioned well to handle the influx of new business,” says Aaron Samples, Logan’s Chief Revenue Officer. TPO partners, if you missed the year-end pricing special announcement, see our LinkedIn profile at Logan Finance Corporation. Mortgage broker clients can get rate discounts of up to .375 on select loan products through the end of December, so bring your deals to Logan! Logan’s growth is also fueling several new hires including Wholesale and Correspondent industry veterans Nick Pabarcus and Dave Weatherford, who will focus on recruiting and growing our network. And speaking of hiring, we’re looking for Non-QM superstar AE’s, so contact Aaron Samples for hiring information. Learn more about Logan’s growth at Loganwholesale.com and Logancorrespondent.com.”
Happy Holidays from PrimeLending! Looking back at 2023, are you wrapping up the year feeling more confident of where your career is headed than when you started? Did you receive the coaching and support needed to strengthen critical skills, harness cutting-edge tools, and propel yourself to new heights? As you gear up for 2024, why settle for treading water? Take charge and position yourself to thrive at PrimeLending. Our LOs are transforming their professional journeys through One More, our exclusive peer-to-peer coaching program. Designed to empower producers to excel in today’s volatile market, One More offers a dynamic, fast-paced, and results-oriented small group support system where LOs can connect, collaborate, and ultimately surpass their goals. We’d love to talk with you about how we can help you flourish more too. Contact Nic Hartke for more information.
A Greater Town has built a robust real estate portal into its national hyperlocal marketing site and is looking for one mortgage lender (or a few select mortgage lenders) to “own” it, similar to having your own Zillow or Rocket Homes. About 600 MLS associations are represented with over 1,100,000 listings & 750,000 real estate agents & brokers. A comprehensive directory of every mortgage lender & MLO in the country is in construction as well. It’s the ideal environment for a national lender to set up shop. Examples include Editors Picks, Sally Forster Jones, Founder & CEO of the Sally Forster Jones Group at Compass, and Jerry & Lisa String, Listing & Buyer Agents at Realty ONE Group DocksideSouth. For further information, please contact Drew Knapp, CEO of A Greater Town, (973-477-7154).
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One’s personal profile is very important for home loan approval. This includes the person’s education, profession, number of dependents, current assets, savings, insurance policies, etc. Higher number of dependents or higher current liabilities means that the repayment capacity will be relatively less.