Lower interest rates allowed mortgage activity to rise modestly during the week ended May 3. It was the first increase in three weeks. The Mortgage Bankers Association said its Market Composite Index, a measure of the volume of mortgage applications, rose 2.0 percent on a seasonally adjusted basis compared to the prior week and 3.0 percent before adjustment.
The Refinance Index increased 5.0 percent from the prior week but was 6.0 percent lower than the same week one year ago. The refinance share of mortgage activity increased to 30.6 percent of total applications from 30.2 percent the week before.
The Purchase Index ticked up 2.0 percent on both an adjusted and unadjusted basis but was still 17.0 percent lower than the same week in 2023.
“Treasury rates and mortgage rates fell last week on the news of a slowing job market, with wage growth at the slowest pace since 2021, and the Federal Reserve’s announced plans to ease quantitative tightening in June and to maintain its view that another rate hike is unlikely. The conventional 30-year rate dropped 11 basis points, and the FHA rate fell 17 basis points to 6.92 percent, back below 7 percent for the first time in three weeks,” said Mike Fratantoni, MBA’s Senior Vice President and Chief Economist. “Mortgage applications increased for the first time in three weeks, with refinances up 5.0 percent. Even with the increase, which included a 29 percent jump in VA refinances, refinance application volume remains about 6 percent below last year’s already low levels.”
Fratantoni added, “Driven by a 5 percent gain in FHA applications, purchase activity was up 2 percent. First-time homebuyers account for roughly half of purchase loans, and the government lending programs are an important source of financing for these homebuyers. The gain in FHA activity is a sign that this segment of the market is active.”
Other Highlights from MBA’s Weekly Mortgage Application Survey
After declining for four straight weeks, loan sizes jumped higher. The average loan was $385,600, up from $375,200 while the size of a purchase loan rose $436,000 to $443,200.
The FHA share of total applications increased to 12.9 percent from 12.7 percent and the VA share increased to 11.7 percent from 11.3 percent. USDA applications retained the usual 0.4 percent market share.
The 11-basis point decline in the conforming 30-year fixed-rate mortgage (FRM) rate brought it down to 7.18 percent. Points were unchanged at 0.65.
Jumbo 30-year FRM had a rate of 7.31 percent compared to 7.39 percent. Points remained at 0.46.
The average rate for 30-year FRM backed by the FHA dropped to 6.92 percent from 7.09 percent,with points decreasing to 0.91 from 0.98.
Fifteen-year FRM rates averaged 6.60 percent with 0.59 point. The prior week the average was 6.74 percent and 0.63 point.
The rate for 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMS) was unchanged at 6.60 percent,with points decreasing to 0.65 from 0.75.
ARM applications accounted for 7.7 percent of the total compared to 7.8 percent a week previous.
The Bank of England has kept interest rates at a 16-year high for at least another month, as governor Andrew Bailey said Threadneedle Street would not bow to political pressure to cut rates.
The BoE’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), announced its latest decision at midday on Thursday, opting to keep the current rate of 5.25 per cent – set last August – in a blow to those hoping for the first reduction since 2020.
High interest rates have saddled homeowners with soaring mortgage repayment costs, and are used as a tool to help bring down inflation.
While the rate of Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation fell to 3.2 per cent in March, experts had suggested that two key economic indicators – pay growth and services sector inflation – have remained more stubborn.
ADVERTISEMENT
In positive news, the Bank improved its forecasts on Thursday to predict that CPI inflation would fall to 2.25 per cent next year and to 1.5 per cent in 2026, and said it expected the UK economy to grow by 0.5 per cent this year and 1 per cent in 2025 – slightly higher than previous predictions.
Key Points
Breaking: Bank of England holds interest rates at 5.25%
Governor Andrew Bailey says Bank will not bow to political pressure
Inflation will fall to 1.5 per cent within two years, Bank forecasts
Pay growth and services sector inflation remain stubborn
Voices: Improving the economy may limit a Tory wipeout, but it won’t save Rishi Sunak
16:02 , Andy Gregory
We’re pausing updates on the liveblog for this evening, thanks for following here.
You can read our latest reporting on the Bank of England’s announcement by clicking here, or else keep scrolling to catch up on the day’s events as we reported them.
Chancellor Jeremy Hunt said the Bank of England’s decision on rates was “finely balanced”.
Asked if he had been hoping rates would be cut ahead of the general election, Mr Hunt said: “I welcome the fact the Bank of England’s obviously thought about this very hard, they take this decision independently.
“And I would much rather that they waited until they’re absolutely sure inflation is on a downward trajectory than rush into a decision that they had to reverse at a later stage.
“What we want is sustainably low interest rates, and I think what’s encouraging is that the Bank of England governor, for the first time, has expressed real optimism that we’re on that path.”
Bank of England will not wait for US Federal Reserve to cut rates, says Bailey
14:59 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England will not wait for the US Federal Reserve to move on interest rates before it decides to cut rates in the UK.
Andrew Bailey, governor of the Bank of England, said: “There is no law that the Fed has to go first. Moreover, we have a remit and a target that is related to domestic inflation in the UK.”
He added that the Bank will always “take the rest of the world into consideration”, but only in regard to how it affects domestic inflation.
“But there’s no law which says we can only move after the Fed moves. That is not something that ever gets discussed in the MPC.”
Bank of England ‘getting very close’ to first rate cut since 2020, says economist
14:41 , Andy Gregory
James Smith, ING developed markets economist, said: “The Bank of England is getting very close to its first rate cut. That much is clear from the latest policy statement which, while keeping rates on hold at 5.25%, has a distinctly more optimistic flair.
“It echoes recent comments from governor Andrew Bailey, who has been hammering home the message that the UK’s inflation outlook is quite different to the US.
“We’re still leaning slightly more towards an August start date for rate cuts, though it’s a close call. What isn’t in doubt is that the Bank is comfortable with moving ahead of the US Federal Reserve.”
Bank of England will not bow to political pressure to cut rates, says Bailey
14:22 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England will not bow to increased pressure from politicians to cut interest rates, its governor has said.
Andrew Bailey said: “We are an independent central bank. We have a very clear remit. It’s our duty to exercise our duty at all times. When we are sitting in a room as the Monetary Policy Committee, we never discuss politics … It isn’t a consideration in that respect.”
It comes amid a period of heightened pressure from some MPs on the Bank to move faster on rate cuts in the run-up to a general election later this year.
When pressed on whether an upcoming election could influence how the Bank makes its decisions on rates, Mr Bailey added: “We will take the decisions at each meeting which are consistent with our remit. That’s our job and we will do our job.”
Inflation to fall before rising slightly before end of year, says Bank
14:04 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England has predicted that lower oil and gas prices mean that inflation is likely to drop to around 2 per cent in the coming months before rising slightly before the end of the year.
Inflation could fall noticeably below target without rate cuts, says Bailey
13:52 , Andy Gregory
Here are more comments from Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey.
He told reporter: “It’s likely that we will need to cut bank rates over the coming quarters and make monetary policy somewhat less restrictive over the forecast period, possibly more so than currently priced into market rates.
“This will be consistent with ensuring that inflation does not fall noticeably below target at the end point of the forecast.”
Pound falls against the dollar
13:35 , Andy Gregory
The pound fell against the US dollar and euro after the Bank of England signalled growing support for an interest rate cut among policymakers.
Sterling fell 0.3 per cent to $1.246 and was 0.2 per cent lower at €1.161.
Financial markets more pessimistic than Bank of England, Bailey indicates
13:17 , Andy Gregory
Andrew Bailey has indicated that the financial markets are more pessimistic about the path for lowering interest rates than the Bank of England.
“With the progress we’ve made, to make sure inflation stays around the target, it is likely that we’ll need to cut bank rates in the coming quarters, possibly more so than is currently priced into markets,” he said.
The Bank governor said the committee has “no preconceptions” about how far and how fast it can lower interest rates, and it make a judgment based on the economic data it sees before each meeting.
Visualised: How have interest rates changed over time?
12:58 , Andy Gregory
The below graph shows how interest rates have changed over the past decade:
Bank has not ruled out cutting rates next month, says governor
12:49 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England has not ruled out cutting rates at its next Monetary Policy Committee decision.
Andrew Bailey, governor of the Bank, said that upcoming economic data would be key to helping the MPC decide whether to cut rates on 20 June.
He said: “Before our next meeting in June, we will have two full sets of data – for inflation, activity and the labour market – that will help us in making that judgement afresh.
“But, let me be clear, a change in bank rate in June is neither ruled out nor a fait accompli.”
Full report: Bank of England holds base rate for ninth consecutive month
12:20 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England has kept interest rates on hold at 5.25 per cent for the ninth month in a row.
My colleague Jane Dalton has more in this report:
Bank of England holds interest rates at 5.25% despite hopes of cut
Inflation will fall to 1.5 per cent within two years, Bank of England forecasts
12:14 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England has projected that inflation will fall more than previously thought over the coming years – dropping below its 2 per cent target to 1.5 per cent in 2026.
Headline CPI inflation is expected to fall below the Bank’s 2 per cent target between April and June, but rise again to 2.6 per cent in the second half of this year as the impact of recent drops in energy prices fades.
In the longer term, the Bank dropped its projections for CPI inflation to 2.25 per cent for 2025 and 1.5 per cent in 2026, down 0.25 and 0.5 percentage points respectively on the Bank’s February estimates.
The projection came in the Bank’s May Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) report, which signalled optimism from recent falls in retail inflation. The report said persistently high interest rates had helped push headline inflation down.
Bailey signals optimism that Bank could soon cut rates
12:10 , Andy Gregory
Governor Andrew Bailey has signalled optimism that the Bank of England could soon cut rates.
The Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee voted by a majority of seven to two to keep rates unchanged – with members Dave Ramsden and Swati Dhingra voting to cut rates by 0.25 percentage points.
Mr Bailey said: “We’ve had encouraging news on inflation and we think it will fall close to our 2 per cent target in the next couple of months.
“We need to see more evidence that inflation will stay low before we can cut interest rates. I’m optimistic that things are moving in the right direction.”
The MPC indicated it is still looking for more progress on factors including services inflation and wage growth, which have remained persistently high at about 6 per cent, before cutting rates.
Bank of England expects economy to grow by 0.5% this year
12:08 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England said it expects the UK economy to grow by 0.5 per cent this year and 1 per cent in 2025 – slightly higher than previous predictions.
Breaking: Bank of England holds rates at 5.25 per cent
12:01 , Andy Gregory
The Bank of England has opted to keep interest rates at a 16-year high of 5.25 per cent – confounding hopes of the first base rate cut since 2020.
We’ll bring you more updates here as we get them.
BoE chief unlikely to give clear signal on when interest rate cut could come, economist predicts
11:08 , Andy Gregory
Bank of England chief Andrew Bailey is unlikely to give a clear signal on exactly when the bank’s first interest rate cut since 2020 might come – but focus will be on what guidance he does give and if more than one member of the Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee votes for a cut this time around, according to Pimco economist Peder Beck-Friis.
“We know from history that policy meetings may create some volatility,” Mr Beck-Friis said.
“What is also interesting is that we have come from a few years where monetary policy has been very correlated globally … but as the pandemic shocks fade I think it is natural that we see some divergence,” he added – pointing to how Sweden and Switzerland had already cut rates while the US may need to wait longer.
Pound falls against US dollar
09:23 , Andy Gregory
The pound edged lower against the US dollar this morning ahead of the Bank of England’s policy meeting, with the central bank expected to hold rates steady but flag when it intends to lower the cost of borrowing.
According to LSEG data, money markets are pricing in an almost 95 per cent chance that the Bank will hold its benchmark interest rate at 5.25 per cent – the highest since 2008. But investors will be watching for signs of when the first interest rate cut in four years will come as inflation falls.
Markets now see a 56 per cent chance of such move in June – when the European Central Bank has already signalled it will reduce borrowing costs, and a greater chance of 72 per cent of a BoE rate cut in August.
London stocks waver ahead of Bank of England announcement
08:40 , Andy Gregory
London stocks wavered this morning as investors turned cautious ahead of the Bank of England’s interest rate decision – while energy shares gave a boost to the benchmark index.
As of 7:17am, the blue-chip FTSE 100 edged up 0.1 per cent at 8,357.85, hovering below its record high of 8,365.28 points. The mid-cap FTSE 250 edged lower by 0.1 per cent.
The pound slipped against the US dollar and the UK’s benchmark 10-year gilt yield was at 4.155 per cent ahead of the decision.
Investors avoided big bets ahead of Threadneedle Street’s interest rate decision due at 11am, where the central bank is widely expected to keep borrowing costs steady.
Bank of England to shed more light on its predictions for the economy today
06:00 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
The Bank of England will shed more light on its predictions for the economy and the path of interest rates when it publishes the latest Monetary Policy Report alongside the rates decision today.
Meanwhile, the central bank in the US, the Federal Reserve, said on Wednesday it was keeping its key interest rate at the same level and noted a “lack of further progress” towards lowering inflation.
It means rates could stay higher for longer until there is firmer evidence of price rises easing, its chairman Jerome Powell suggested.
04:00 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Andrew Goodwin, chief UK economist for Oxford Economics, said: “The data published in mid-April for services inflation and private sector regular pay growth has likely extinguished any remaining hopes of a move in May.
“Though both measures have continued to fall, progress has been slightly slower than the MPC anticipated, and they are currently running marginally higher than the forecasts published in February’s Monetary Policy Report.”
He said it is likely to be a “close call” on whether the MPC decides to cut rates in June or August.
02:00 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Higher interest rates are used as a tool to control inflation, which has fallen sharply in recent months.
The latest official figures showed that Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation slowed to 3.2% in March, as it edges closer to the Bank’s 2% target.
But economists think the Bank’s policymakers will want to hold out until they are more convinced that inflationary pressures have eased.
Mapped: Which areas worst hit by mortgage rate hikes as homeowners ‘forced to move’
Thursday 9 May 2024 00:00 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Homeowners coming off fixed rate mortgages faced huge rises in their monthly payments, latest figures have revealed, with the costs severely biting into household disposable income.
With the Bank of England base rate rising to 5.25 per cent in the summer of last year, families faced soaring mortagage rates with the average two-year fixed rate reaching 6.9 per cent.
The new rates meant many homeowners, especially those with large mortgages still to pay, faced challenging increases in monthly payments.
Mapped: Areas worst hit by mortgage rate hikes as homeowners ‘forced to move’
Bank of England not yet ready to cut UK interest rates, experts say
Wednesday 8 May 2024 21:57 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
UK borrowers eager for costs to come down may have to wait a little longer before interest rates take a dip.
The Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets the level of UK interest rates, will announce its latest decision on Thursday.
However, economists are widely expecting the committee to keep rates at the current level of 5.25 per cent, which it has been held at since August last year.
Bank of England not yet ready to cut UK interest rates, experts say
Wednesday 8 May 2024 19:18 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Philip Shaw, chief economist at Investec, said: “This broad direction illustrates that collectively the committee is moving gradually towards a rate cut.
“It seems unlikely though to be ready to bite the bullet just yet and the Bank rate looks set to remain on hold at 5.25% for the sixth consecutive meeting.”
He added that it is possible that a second member of the MPC will switch to the “easing camp” and vote for a cut on Thursday.
‘Too early’ for economists to cut rates, economists predict
Wednesday 8 May 2024 17:30 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Economists think the Bank of England’s policymakers will want to hold out until they are more convinced that inflationary pressures have eased.
Laith Khalaf, head of investment analysis at AJ Bell, said: “It is almost certainly too early for the Bank of England to pull the trigger on a rate cut right now, especially against the backdrop of a more hawkish US central bank.”
The US Federal Reserve said last week it was keeping its key interest rate at the same level and noted a “lack of further progress” towards lowering inflation.
It means rates could stay higher for longer until there is firmer evidence of price rises easing, the Fed’s chairman Jerome Powell suggested.
Mr Khalaf said the Bank is also likely to be influenced by the European Central Bank, which is widely expected to cut rates in early June.
“The other important factor is more inflation readings for April and May, where CPI could get very close to, or possibly even hit, the Bank’s 2% target,” he added.
“The closer the inflation dial gets to 2%, the greater the pressure on the Bank of England to take its foot off the brake and cut rates.
“Markets currently think it’s a coin toss whether we get a UK rate cut in June, but this rises to a three in four chance priced in by August.”
The housing market has turned – so what does that mean for buyers and sellers waiting to make a move?
Wednesday 8 May 2024 16:29 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
House prices are down and mortgage costs are up, writes James Moore. So how long will buyers and sellers need to wait before the market shows signs of life?
Britain’s housing market has turned hostile again, at least for sellers. The latest Nationwide index showed a surprise 0.4 per cent fall in April, the second month-on-month decline in a row.
A rival index produced by Halifax recorded a 1 per cent month-on-month fall in March, with the next update due next week. These indices can be volatile, but another fall would now be the betting favourite.
Read more here:
House prices are falling – but what does it mean for the future market?
Improving the economy may limit a Tory wipeout, but it won’t save Rishi Sunak
Wednesday 8 May 2024 15:47 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Thanks to the Liz Truss mini-Budget disaster, the Conservatives can no longer claim to be the party of economic competence, writes Andrew Grice. But an election campaign based on the economy is still their best hope of avoiding annihilation:
Improving the economy will not save Rishi Sunak
Pay growth and services sector inflation remain stubborn
Wednesday 8 May 2024 15:45 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
Interest rates are used as a tool to help bring down UK inflation, which has fallen sharply from the highs hit in 2022 when energy costs spiked and the cost-of-living crisis was at its peak.
The rate of Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation fell to 3.2 per cent in March, according to the latest official figures.
But experts suggested that two key economic indicators for the Bank of England – pay growth and services sector inflation – have remained more stubborn.
Average wages continued to increase faster than the rate of inflation last month.
Bank of England not yet ready to cut UK interest rates, experts say
Wednesday 8 May 2024 15:43 , Maryam Zakir-Hussain
UK borrowers eager for costs to come down may have to wait a little longer before interest rates take a dip.
The Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets the level of UK interest rates, will announce its latest decision on Thursday.
However, economists are widely expecting the committee to keep rates at the current level of 5.25 per cent, which it has been held at since August last year.
This means that there could still be some time before the pressure of the cost of living begins to ease.
Bank of England not yet ready to cut UK interest rates, experts say
Fewer things are more comforting than a crackling fire on a chilly day, but what happens when your chimney needs a little TLC? Repairs generally cost between $160 to $750, with an average repair running around $455, according to HomeAdvisor. But the amount you end up paying will depend on several factors such as the type of repair needed, your chimney’s materials, and labor costs.
Even if you only light your fireplace for part of the year, you’ll want to fix any chimney problems as soon as you can. A damaged chimney could increase the risk of a fire or prevent toxic gasses from passing safely into the air outside.
Here’s a closer look at common chimney repair costs so you can plan accordingly.
Factors That Impact Chimney Repair Cost
If a chimney is well maintained, you can expect it to last for 50 to 100 years. Still, it’s a good idea to carve out space in your household budget for occasional maintenance and repairs. When you’re planning how to pay for the fixes, keep in mind that several different factors can impact your chimney repair costs.
Type of Repair
The type of repair can impact the overall cost of a project. For example, capping repair usually involves replacing the very top cap on your chimney. This type of project typically costs between $150 to $300, according to HomeAdvisor.
Another common repair is fixing the mortar and bricks in a chimney. The job might entail tuckpointing, which incorporates two different mortar colors to make the chimney look newer. Masonry chimney repair costs usually cost between $300 and $1,500, while prefab chimneys cost less because they have fewer components. The job typically costs between $250 and $1,200.
Lining repair involves fixing the chimney liner, which, when cracked, can pose a fire risk. Chimney liners cost between $625 to $7,000, with a national average of $2,500.
Recommended: What Are the Most Common Home Repair Costs?
Type of Chimney
Chimney types vary by material, and this can impact how much a repair costs. Four common types of chimneys include brick, stucco, metal, and prefabricated.
Depending on how much damage there is, brick chimneys cost $175 to $1,000 on average to repair, though you can expect to pay more for more significant work. If you’re fixing a metal and prefabricated chimney, plan on paying in the neighborhood of $200 to $1,200, depending on how extensive the damage is.
Have a stucco chimney? You’ll likely need to pay more to have it repaired. Projects typically run between $570 to $1,920, though bigger jobs can run as high as $4,200.
Labor
Professional chimney repairs usually cost between $50 and $200 per hour. That said, the more damage there is, the harder the damaged area is to reach, and the more time a project requires, the more you may end up paying in labor costs. 💡 Quick Tip: With home renovations, surprises are inevitable. Not so with SoFi home improvement loans. There are no fees required, and no surprises.
Additional Costs
A repair may not be the only cost you encounter. Chances are, you might also pay for routine chimney inspections, chimney cleaning, ongoing maintenance, and permits.
Chimney Inspection
Whether you’re buying a fixer upper or renovating your current home, you should plan on having your chimney inspected by a professional once a year. The condition a chimney is in determines the type of inspection it needs. There are three levels of inspection:
• Level one inspection: A level one inspection is an annual routine inspection and typically costs between $100 and $950.
• Level two inspection: A level two inspection goes a step further to include a more extensive investigation into potential structural issues caused by recent damage. It costs between $200 and $1,000.
• Level three inspection: A level three inspection looks at every part of a chimney, inside and outside, which may require taking out walls or portions of the chimney. It costs between $500 and $5,000.
Chimney Cleaning
Cleaning a chimney typically runs between $120 and $390, or an average of $250. If your chimney has not been maintained well, there may be heavy creosote buildup or other damage. This could lead to a higher clean-up bill of up to $5,000.
Ongoing Chimney Maintenance
All chimneys need regular maintenance. Depending on the type of upkeep required, you may pay for a simple cleaning (an average cost of $250). But if a chimney repair contractor finds that your chimney restoration needs more attention, you could pay more.
Permits and Related Fees
Once you find a contractor and finalize your plans, work can begin. Keep in mind that before constructing or changing the outside dimensions of a structure, your contractor will need to secure a building permit. A building permit generally costs $50 to $300 for small jobs.
Types of Chimney Repairs
From the crown to the flashing, we’ll look at the various parts of the chimney and what it might cost to fix each one.
Stack Repair
The chimney stack is the part of the chimney that appears above the roof. Chunks of missing masonry, crumbling brickwork, and visible cracks can signal that your chimney stack needs to be repaired.
Mortar Repair
Mortar acts as a buffer between the bricks in a chimney. But that buffer can crack and deteriorate from movement and pressure, so pay attention to how your mortar looks from year to year.
Repair could involve repointing and/or tuckpointing. Repointing means removing and replacing damaged mortar joints, while tuckpointing uses two different colors of mortar to make the mortar joints look different.
Crown Repair
The crown is the top part of the chimney and prevents rainwater from getting into your chimney. Typically made of concrete, the crown should be checked for visible cracks, deterioration, wall damage, and pooling water.
Cap Repair
Chimney caps, usually made of steel or copper mesh, sit on the crown at the very top of the chimney. The cap covers the flue, or the duct that allows smoke to leave the chimney. Caps also keep rainwater, animals, and debris from entering the chimney. Missing tops, rusted screens, creosote accumulation, and screen holes can all indicate that your chimney cap needs attention.
Foundation Repair
Chimneys often have their own foundations, but they sometimes settle. This could allow moisture, critters, and other items to enter your home. Look for a crumbling foundation, which might also present fire hazards and falling bricks and mortar.
Liner Repair
A chimney liner, or flue liner, is the vertical passage located inside your chimney that carries fumes to the outdoors. Similar to an exhaust pipe, the flue keeps wasteful gasses from spreading into your chimney cavity.
There are some signs that yours may need a replacement, including finding broken shards and flakes of parts of your chimney and smoke in your home. It’s a good idea to consider replacing your chimney liner if it’s older. Less-expensive models should last up to five years, while a well-constructed liner can usually be counted on for up to 20 years.
Wood Rot Repair
Wood rot can compromise your home’s structural integrity and affect any part of the chimney that has wood in it: the crown, cap, or flue liner. Indications of wood rot might include discoloration or staining, a musty smell, cracks in the wood, and evidence of pests.
Smoke Chamber Repair
The smoke chamber refers to the part of the chimney located just above the damper and connects the firebox to the flue. It guides smoke from a fire up into the flue and out of your home. Since many smoke chambers contain steps, gaps, and holes, they can contain flammable creosote and soot buildup.
Flashing Repair
The flashing of a chimney joins the roof to the chimney and is made of aluminum, steel, copper, vinyl, or PVC. The flashing should last 30 years. But if there’s damage, you could end up with leaks in the roof due to rusting and corrosion, animals, loose caulk and gaps, and wear and tear.
Flue Repair
A flue is any open, vertical part of the chimney that lets smoke escape. (Don’t confuse this with the chimney liner, which lines the flue.) Signs the flue needs attention may include broken shards and flaking and smoke in your home.
Cricket Repair
A chimney cricket, also called a roof cricket, sits behind your chimney and looks like a tiny peaked roof. It juts off the main roof and sits directly against the backside of the chimney to divert water from the masonry. Water stains on the ceilings or walls, rafters near a chimney or damaged mortar and bricks or rotten wood can identify whether the chimney cricket is working or not — or if you need a chimney cricket and don’t have one. (Tip: Chimneys that are 30 inches or larger need a cricket.)
Brick Replacement
Brick replacement may involve replacing just a few bricks — or redoing the entire chimney. Note that if the bricks are in areas that are hard to reach, a professional may charge more for the job.
Siding Repair
If you have a chimney made of siding, it can be at risk for rotting, swelling, and deterioration. Even if it looks good from the ground, a “diseased” chimney could be rotten and cause water to enter your home through the roof or ceiling.
Repairing vs Replacing a Chimney
The extent of your chimney’s damage determines whether you should have it replaced or simply repaired. However, there are some clear signs that indicate you may need to completely replace your chimney:
• Large cracks in the bricks
• White streaks on the bricks
• Spalling bricks (bricks falling down)
• Tilting
Even if some of those indications are present, it’s a good idea to consult with a professional to know exactly what to do next about your fireplace chimney repair.
Signs You Need a Chimney Repair
Indications you need a chimney repair include cracks that appear, smoke blowback, leaks, leaning, or spalling bricks. Let’s walk through what these might mean.
Cracks
Cracks in the chimney’s masonry can signal that it needs attention. Cracks can lead to gas seeping into your home, which can increase the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Excess moisture, earthquakes, or other weather events; hail; acidic decay; wind; and hot or cold temperatures usually cause cracks to appear.
Smoke Blowback
Smoke blowback creates a safety and health hazard. Not only could your house sustain a fire, but you could also face carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other pollutants in your home. There are several causes for smoke blowback, including a blockage in the chimney or even a home that’s too well insulated.
Leaks
Chimney leaks are a common problem. When your chimney drips water or you see moisture in the fireplace or surrounding walls, you may also see attic and wall damage. The chimney itself may have a leak, or the roof may leak. For example, the chimney cap or crown may be damaged, bricks or mortar may have issues, the flashing may not be working properly, or condensation may have built up in the chimney.
Leaning
Exposure to all sorts of weather can cause the mortar joints in a chimney to decay. This causes bricks to loosen and the chimney to lean. Other reasons for leaning include a lack of footings and shifting soil. A leaning chimney doesn’t just look bad — it can also pose a safety risk and may even collapse.
Spalling Bricks
Spalling brick refers to bricks that flake, pit, or crumble and fall away from the masonry. Small cracks usually start and grow larger until the brick completely deteriorates. Improper mortar, weather, improper insulation, non-breathable masonry sealants, cleaning with a pressure washer, and impact to the bricks can all cause spall. Spalling poses a safety risk — there’s a possibility the structure collapses and damages the rest of the roof.
Shaling Tiles
Have you noticed pieces of flue tiles accumulating at the bottom of your chimney? This may be the result of shaling, which is a sign that your flue tiling is damaged. A professional can use special equipment to confirm whether there’s an issue, identify the problem spot,and offer potential solutions. 💡 Quick Tip: Loans typically offer lower interest rates than credit cards. Consider a SoFi home improvement loan to fund your next renovation.
Can I Repair My Chimney Myself?
Depending on the issue, fixing a chimney can take a big bite out of a homeowner’s budget, but there are several ways to finance the cost of chimney repair. For instance, you may decide to dip into emergency savings, use a credit card, take out a personal loan, or turn to your homeowners insurance.
Or, depending on your situation, it might make sense to explore a cash-out refinance, a home equity line of credit (HELOC), or consider emergency home repair financing options. As you make your decision, it’s a good idea to compare the interest rates and the pros and cons of each type of financing.
You may also be tempted to attempt to tackle the work yourself and save some money in the process. Though many home improvement projects may be appropriate for the DIY-er, chimney work is not one of them. You assume serious risks when completing a chimney repair yourself — the same kinds of risks you’d face repairing a roof. Even if you can overcome those risks, you’ll still have to know how to repair the chimney. And certain tasks, such as a complete chimney replacement, require advanced knowledge of the mechanics of a chimney.
Recommended: How to Pay for Emergency Home Repairs, So You Can Move on ASAP
The Takeaway
A well-maintained chimney is designed to last for decades, but that doesn’t mean it won’t require the occasional repair or maintenance. Repairs typically cost between $160 to $750, though that price depends on a range of factors, including the type of chimney you have, the work being done, and labor costs. But chimney upkeep is an important line item to include in the budget because there are potential safety risks involved when repairs aren’t made.
When it comes to financing chimney repairs, homeowners have several options, including homeowners insurance, dipping into an emergency fund, and taking out a personal loan.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.
FAQ
When should I replace my chimney?
You may never need to replace your chimney as long as you live in your home, since chimneys can “live” up to 100 years. However, if you live in an old home or can see issues with your chimney, consult a chimney repair contractor, who can determine whether it needs to be replaced.
How often should I clean my chimney?
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) suggests having your chimney cleaned and inspected once per year by a chimney sweep. You should also have your chimney swept at least once per year. A professional can ensure that everything is in working order.
What qualifications should I look for in a chimney repair contractor?
Hiring a professional with the right credentials is important, so look for certifications by the National Fireplace Institute (NFI), Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA), and Certified Chimney Professionals (CCP). Check a chimney repair contractor’s Better Business Bureau (BBB) rating. Ask for a portfolio and recommendations, and confirm that the company is insured.
How do I compare quotes from different chimney repair contractors?
Get several quotes from various contractors in your area and compare them apples to apples. The cheapest one may not be the best fit for the job. For example, one contractor may offer a more thorough repair than another for, say, brick chimney repair costs. Ask for a list of services and a detailed list of the costs involved before you decide on the contractor. It also doesn’t hurt to ask friends and neighbors for recommendations.
Are there any permits or inspections required for chimney repairs, and how much do they cost?
A building permit typically costs $50 to $300 for small jobs, though it may depend on where you live. Once you find a contractor, they should be able to answer your questions about the costs of a building permit.
Will my homeowner’s insurance cover the cost of chimney repairs?
If your home is damaged by a covered loss, your insurance will cover the cost of chimney repairs. For example, your insurance will likely provide coverage if lightning strikes your chimney and ruins the brick and mortar. However, if your chimney has been neglected and causes a fire in your living room, your homeowner’s insurance may not cover the damage. Ask your insurance carrier for more information about your specific situation.
How can I finance the cost of chimney repairs?
Consider a variety of different types of financing, from using your credit card to taking out a personal loan from a lender (such as your mortgage lender). Also consider emergency home repair financing options, a cash-out refinance or a home equity line of credit (HELOC). Compare the interest rates, pros and cons of each type of financing, to determine which type of financing works best for you. For example, if you know you will have a repointing chimney cost on your hands, consult with at least five contractors and get prices, then ask your bank or credit union for more information about financing options.
Are there any tax breaks available for chimney repairs?
Generally, home repairs, such as fixing a broken chimney, are not tax deductible. However, a home improvement, such as adding a chimney to your house, may be tax deductible. Check with an accountant for more information.
How can I ensure my chimney repair project stays within budget?
Put together a budget so you know exactly how much you can afford to spend on your chimney repair. Keep in mind that the chimney repairs cost could run you between $160 to $750, with an average repair cost of $450, to fix your chimney. Chimney rebuild costs will likely cost the most. Check with an experienced contractor in your area to learn about your project’s costs, and be sure to get a list of costs ahead of time.
What are the risks of not repairing my chimney?
Leaving chimney issues unchecked can result in a number of safety hazards, including fatal fires, carbon monoxide poisoning, and other toxic chemicals. To help you spot and address problems early on, consider getting an annual inspection recommended by the NFPA. A professional chimney inspection could uncover a chimney repair problem you can’t see from your living room or from the ground.
Photo credit: iStock/arak7
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
The average for a 30-year fixed-mortgage is 7.36% today, up 0.07% compared to one week ago. The average rate for a 15-year fixed mortgage is 6.76%, which is an increase of 0.06% compared to a week ago. For a look at mortgage rate movement, see the chart below.
Given that inflation data hasn’t been improving, the Federal Reserve has been pushing off rate cuts. Though mortgage rates could still go down later in the year, housing market predictions change regularly in response to economic data, geopolitical events and more.
Today’s average mortgage rates
Today’s average mortgage rates on May. 09, 2024, compared with one week ago. We use rate data collected by Bankrate as reported by lenders across the US.
Mortgage rates change every day. Experts recommend shopping around to make sure you’re getting the lowest rate. By entering your information below, you can get a custom quote from one of CNET’s partner lenders.
About these rates: Like CNET, Bankrate is owned by Red Ventures. This tool features partner rates from lenders that you can use when comparing multiple mortgage rates.
How can I choose a mortgage term?
Each mortgage has a loan term, or payment schedule. The most common mortgage terms are 15 and 30 years, although 10-, 20- and 40-year mortgages also exist. With a fixed-rate mortgage, the interest rate is set for the duration of the loan, offering stability. With an adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is only fixed for a certain amount of time (commonly five, seven or 10 years), after which the rate adjusts annually based on the market. Fixed-rate mortgages are a better option if you plan to live in a home in the long term, but adjustable-rate mortgages may offer lower interest rates upfront.
30-year fixed-rate mortgages
The 30-year fixed-mortgage rate average is 7.36% today. A 30-year fixed mortgage is the most common loan term. It will often have a higher interest rate than a 15-year mortgage, but you’ll have a lower monthly payment.
15-year fixed-rate mortgages
Today, the average rate for a 15-year, fixed mortgage is 6.76%. Though you’ll have a bigger monthly payment than a 30-year fixed mortgage, a 15-year loan usually comes with a lower interest rate, allowing you to pay less interest in the long run and pay off your mortgage sooner.
5/1 adjustable-rate mortgages
A 5/1 ARM has an average rate of 6.82% today. You’ll typically get a lower introductory interest rate with a 5/1 ARM in the first five years of the mortgage. But you could pay more after that period, depending on how the rate adjusts annually. If you plan to sell or refinance your house within five years, an ARM could be a good option.
Why are mortgage rates so high right now?
Over the last few years, high inflation and the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate hikes pushed up mortgage rates from their record lows around the pandemic. Since last summer, the Fed has consistently kept the federal funds rate at 5.25% to 5.5%. Though the central bank doesn’t directly set the rates for mortgages, a high federal funds rate makes borrowing more expensive, including for home loans.
Mortgage rates change daily, but average rates have been moving between 6.5% and 7.5% since late last fall. Today’s homebuyers have less room in their budget to afford the cost of a home due to elevated mortgage rates and steep home prices. Limited housing inventory and low wage growth are also contributing to the affordability crisis and keeping mortgage demand down.
Will mortgage rates fall in 2024?
Most housing market experts predict rates will end the year between 6% and 6.5%. Ultimately, a more affordable mortgage market will depend on how quickly the Fed begins cutting interest rates. The central bank could start lowering interest rates in the fall, but it will depend on how the economy fares in the coming months.
Mortgage rates fluctuate for many reasons: supply, demand, inflation, monetary policy, jobs data and market expectations. Homebuyers won’t see lower rates overnight, and it’s unlikely there will ever be a return to the 2-3% mortgage rates we saw between 2000 and early 2022.
“We are expecting mortgage rates to fall to around 6.5% by the end of this year, but there’s still a lot of volatility I think we might see,” said Daryl Fairweather, chief economist at Redfin.
Every month brings a new set of inflation and labor data that can influence the direction of mortgage rates, said Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist at First American Financial Corporation. “Ongoing inflation deceleration, a slowing economy and even geopolitical uncertainty can contribute to lower mortgage rates. On the other hand, data that signals upside risk to inflation may result in higher rates,” Kushi said.
Here’s a look at where some major housing authorities expect average mortgage rates to land.
Calculate your monthly mortgage payment
Getting a mortgage should always depend on your financial situation and long-term goals. The most important thing is to make a budget and try to stay within your means. CNET’s mortgage calculator below can help homebuyers prepare for monthly mortgage payments.
Where can I find the best mortgage rates?
Though mortgage rates and home prices are high, the housing market won’t be unaffordable forever. It’s always a good time to save for a down payment and improve your credit score to help you secure a competitive mortgage rate when the time is right.
Save for a bigger down payment: Though a 20% down payment isn’t required, a larger upfront payment means taking out a smaller mortgage, which will help you save in interest.
Boost your credit score: You can qualify for a conventional mortgage with a 620 credit score, but a higher score of at least 740 will get you better rates.
Pay off debt: Experts recommend a debt-to-income ratio of 36% or less to help you qualify for the best rates. Not carrying other debt will put you in a better position to handle your monthly payments.
Research loans and assistance: Government-sponsored loans have more flexible borrowing requirements than conventional loans. Some government-sponsored or private programs can also help with your down payment and closing costs.
Shop around for lenders: Researching and comparing multiple loan offers from different lenders can help you secure the lowest mortgage rate for your situation.
Mortgage demand ticked up last week as interest rates decreased following the news of a slowing job market. Applications increased by 2.6% on a seasonally adjusted basis during the week ending May 3, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) weekly mortgage applications survey.
“Treasury rates and mortgage rates fell last week on the news of a slowing job market, with wage growth at the slowest pace since 2021, and the Federal Reserve’s announced plans to ease quantitative tightening in June and to maintain its view that another rate hike is unlikely,” Mike Fratantoni, MBA’s senior vice president and chief economist, said in a statement.
According to the MBA, the average 30-year conventional rate dropped to 7.18% as of May 3 while the average rate for Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans fell 17 basis points to 6.92%, the first time in three weeks it has been below 7%.
Purchase loan application volume ticked up by 2% from one week earlier, driven by a 5% gain in FHA applications.
“First-time homebuyers account for roughly half of purchase loans, and the government lending programs are an important source of financing for these homebuyers,” Fratantoni added. “The gain in FHA activity is a sign that this segment of the market is active.”
Meanwhile, refinance volume rose by 5% from the prior week. The refinance share of mortgage activity increased to 30.6% of all applications.
“Even with the increase, which included a 29% jump in VA refinances, refinance volume remains about 6% below last year’s already low levels,” Fratantoni said.
The MBA survey showed that the average mortgage rate for 30-year fixed loans with conforming balances ($766,550 or less) decreased to 7.18%, down from 7.29% last week.
Meanwhile, rates on jumbo loans (balances greater than $766,550) also decreased week over week to 7.31%, down from 7.39%.
On Wednesday, HousingWire’s Mortgage Rates Center showed the average 30-year fixed rate for conventional loans at 7.48%, down from 7.58% one week earlier.
The cost to buy a home has reached historic highs in the U.S. — the median price of a home is $420,800, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis — and housing and mortgage costs are increasingly turning into a November election issue.
Home shoppers today need to an annual income of $114,000 in order to comfortably afford a typical home in the U.S., according to Redfin, nearly double what was needed to afford a typical home in 2020. That figure is far above the 2022 median household income of $74,580, according to the Census Bureau.
Higher monthly payments are driven by higher home prices as well as significantly higher interest rates. Mortgage interest rates, which dipped to an historic low of 2.65% on a 30-year fixed mortgage in 2021, have soared beyond 7%, higher than they’ve been since 2001. Interest rates are set by the independent Federal Reserve, and President Joe Biden has insisted on the Fed’s independence. The Federal Reserve has been raising interest rates since 2021 in order to combat stubborn inflation.
smaller, entry-level homes, several experts agree.
Once interest rates are removed from the picture, “then you’re left focusing mainly on the supply shortfall,” said Jim Parrott, fellow at the Urban Institute and former Obama White House economic adviser.
The housing market has seen a severe shortage of smaller starter homes, Parrott said. Builders, he said, are incentivized to build large, often mansion-like homes, which more easily turn a profit.
“The cost of building larger homes tends to be quite high, and it’s easier to recoup those costs if you’re making big, expensive homes,” Parrott said.
The federal government needs to “make the math for building homes at the bottom of the market more favorable” for developers, Parrott suggested. And Congress can do this with the tax code. One approach would be to give a tax cut to any builder who constructs a residence for a first-time home buyer at below the median home price, Parrott said.
“You need to provide some sort of tax benefit for building homes in the parts of the market where we need them the most,” Parrott said.
But getting this divided Congress to work together on something like this would be challenging, Parrott said.
“I’m afraid that the legislative environment right now just isn’t conducive to this sort of big, bipartisan effort,” Parrott said. “Hopefully after the election we’ll see a reboot that provides a more hopeful window.”
Withhold funding from localities that don’t change zoning laws
Most of the control over zoning lies with state and local governments. And states have been working to overhaul zoning to ease restrictions on denser residential construction. But the federal government isn’t entirely powerless on zoning.
Parrott said the federal government has used a carrot approach to encourage localities to rezone in favor of denser housing, but now he thinks maybe it’s time to use a stick. For instance, any federal funding for communities could be conditioned on how zoning decisions are made. Communities receive substantial financial support from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Transportation Department and other agencies for projects, Parrott noted.
“If federal policymakers were to condition even a little bit some of that funding on whether or not local decision-making is supportive of or prohibitive of more density,…then you could begin to change things at the local level in a way that would really matter,” Parrott said.
Such a move would be almost certain to trigger strict opposition from localities and unions. But more states have already been enacting legislation to supersede local zoning rules, said Alex Horowitz, director of housing policy at The Pew Charitable Trusts. Horowitz said nine states have passed laws allowing accessible dwelling units or ADUs — like small, independent, mother-in-law suites — on homeowners’ properties.
Sell federal land to use for housing
“The federal government owns hundreds and hundreds of millions of acres, and we’re not talking about the National Parks here,” said Edward Pinto, co-director of the American Enterprise Institute’s Housing Center.
But that’s a proposal that Congress would need to authorize.
It has been tried. Sen. Mike Lee’s HOUSES Act of 2022 would have approved the sale of federal land to states and localities for below-market rates for housing projects. The federal government owns two-thirds of the land in Lee’s home state of Utah, and the gap between median household income and median home cost is largest in the West, according to HUD.
But his bill went nowhere. The Bureau of Land Management, which oversees federal land, said in written Senate testimony that it would be forced to “sell land without sufficient evaluation of the values to the public or to future generations, or sufficient compensation to the American taxpayer.”
The sale of unused land could also attract opposition from environmentalist groups, though sometimes that can be overcome. In March, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee signed a law that will allow that state’s Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to transfer some of its property to localities to build affordable housing.
Washington state GOP Rep. April Connors, who introduced the bill, noted that that the DNR had 7,000 acres of land that was unusable for timber harvesting because it was too close to developed land. Building housing on it could ease the shortage of homes in Washington, Connors noted in a statement, pointing out that the state has the “fewest housing units per household in the nation and nearly half of renters spend a third of their income on rent.”
Improve consumer access to financing for manufactured housing
Manufactured homes are factory-built residences built after 1976 — formerly known as mobile homes — that can be placed on land. The average new manufactured home sold for $126,600 in November 2023, according to the Census Bureau.
But loans are harder for homebuyers to secure for manufactured homes than for traditional ones, Horowitz said. And since manufactured housing usually involves shipping over state lines, the federal government plays a big role. HUD controls access to financing for manufactured homes, and rules are stricter than they are for traditional homes.
Interest rates are typically also higher for manufactured home loans than for traditional home loans, in part because unlike traditional homes, which tend to appreciate in value over time, manufactured homes can depreciate. The structures are also viewed as riskier than conventional homes because they’re usually harder to sell on the market. Horowitz suggests HUD could make it easier for borrowers to access loans.
Eliminate tax breaks for second (and third) homes
Congress could increase the national housing stock over time by eliminating tax breaks for any homes that aren’t a primary residence, said AEI’s Pinto.
Getting rid of the mortgage interest rate deduction for non-primary residences would eventually encourage many homeowners to sell, Pinto said.
“Why should they be subsidized by the tax code,” Pinto asked.
Without that tax break, hundreds of thousands of homes would come back onto the market as primary residences, Pinto said.
“It would cost the federal government basically nothing,” Pinto said. “They’d actually save some money on the tax savings, and it would not increase demand at all.”
This isn’t likely to happen soon though. Such a measure would have to be passed by Congress — and many lawmakers own second and third residences. And a number of their constituents and donors own multiple homes. Realtor interest groups would oppose it, too, Pinto said.
The most Congress has done in recent years to address tax breaks for expensive residences was in 2017, when the GOP-controlled Congress capped the deduction limit for state and local income taxes, which hit coastal, heavily Democratic states like New York and California particularly hard.
Still, eliminating the tax break for secondary homes is “low-hanging fruit,” and would increase supply and reduce demand simultaneously, Pinto said.
Economists mostly doubt that action by the Federal Reserve to significantly lower interest rates would help much.
“If the Fed were to cut rates in a way that allowed mortgage rates to fall to the 4% range, we would see both supply and demand increase in the housing market,” said Chen Zhao, who leads the economics team at Redfin.
And whether home prices rise or fall would depend on what then happens to housing supply and demand.
“If demand increases more, then prices would grow at a faster rate than they are currently,” Zhao said. “However, it’s also possible that supply would increase more because sellers have been so locked in by low existing mortgage rates. If that’s the case, then price growth could fall. I think it’s unlikely in either case that prices would fall outright.”
Would Biden or Trump’s policies help or hurt housing costs?
Former President Donald Trump hasn’t offered policy suggestions to address housing affordability yet, although he criticizes mortgage interest rates and home prices under President Biden.
The president has proposed giving a $10,000 tax credit to first-time middle class homebuyers, and up to $25,000 to first generation home buyers. He’s also introducing a $20 billion fund that in addition to helping build affordable rental units, is meant to peel away local barriers to housing development and spur the construction of starter homes.
Down payment assistance may help home shoppers in the near term, although the tax credit probably falls short of the traditional 20% down payment on most homes. With monthly payments at record highs, this down payment assistance would not lower monthly costs. And down payment assistance could have unintended consequences, Pinto said: “It would increase the price of entry level homes.”
The effect down payment assistance or a buyer tax credit would have on the housing market is complicated in a supply-constrained market, Horowitz said.
While Trump hasn’t made specific proposals on housing, his proposals in other policy areas would likely drive home prices up, Parrott said. Mass deportations of undocumented migrants, for instance, could drive the cost of labor higher, and raising tariffs on China could drive up material costs, Parrott said.
“The things that Trump has said relevant to housing almost all cut the wrong way,” Parrot said.
How home costs could affect the election
The cost of home ownership is a top concern for Democrats and Republicans, city dwellers and rural residents alike, said Parrott. Once an issue has broken through the barriers of red and blue, metro and rural, “then it changes the probability of something happening,” Parrott said.
“Housing has found its way to the grownups table, in effect, for the first time,” Parrott said.
And even though it’s the Fed that controls interest rates, Mr. Biden could be held accountable by voters.
“President Biden’s reelection is closely tied to the cost of homeownership and thus, the fixed mortgage rates,” Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics predicted. “The fixed rate is currently just over 7%. If it rises above 8% for any length of time, his reelection odds will fade, and if it falls closer to 6% his odds will increase meaningfully, all else equal.”
More
Kathryn Watson
Kathryn Watson is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital based in Washington, D.C.
The standard narrative of buying a house involves a real estate agent. The Realtor acts as your tour guide, guiding you not only through available homes, but also through the complicated process of becoming a homeowner.
However, some independent sellers prefer to sell their home without a real estate agent’s services. As a prospective buyer, you would interact with the homeowner instead of a Realtor.
This process, known as a sale by owner or FSBO sale, offers potential buyers the opportunity to bypass some traditional real estate transactions, which may save money on agent’s commission fees. FSBO sellers handle every aspect of the sale, including setting the listing price, marketing the house for sale, and negotiating the purchase price.
FSBO sales differ from a typical sale, as they require the home buyer to assume tasks that a real estate agent would usually handle. This includes finding FSBO listings, validating property details, and negotiating the sales price with the FSBO seller directly.
Key Takeaways
A For Sale By Owner (FSBO) transaction allows buyers to negotiate directly with sellers, potentially bypassing real estate agent commissions but requiring extra due diligence.
Buyers should secure mortgage preapproval, verify property details through CLUE reports and title checks, and consider hiring a real estate attorney or title company to manage legalities.
Closing a FSBO sale involves setting up an escrow account, preparing extensive paperwork, and understanding post-closing steps like utility setup and managing property taxes and insurance.
An Overview of the FSBO Process
A FSBO sale, where an owner sells their house without a real estate agent or a listing agent, differs from a typical sale. Understanding the intricacies of these real estate transactions can be vital to a smooth closing. FSBO sellers handle everything from setting the listing price, marketing, negotiating, and closing, offering more room for direct communication and price negotiation.
However, an FSBO transaction requires the buyer to take on tasks typically handled by a real estate agent. Unless you are working with a buyer’s agent, closing can be complex. You may be on your own for a home inspection. Getting an appraisal and negotiating a selling price will be up to you. Completing the title search and other tasks usually falls to the seller’s agent.
Prepare for the Purchase
Buying a home is exciting, but it’s also a venture that requires substantial financial planning and understanding. Preparing for the financial aspect of your purchase can increase your chances of a successful transaction and make the overall home buying experience less stressful.
Determining how much house you can afford is the first step. Getting pre-approved for a mortgage is essential. You’ll also need funds for a down payment and closing costs. Buying a FSBO home is similar to purchasing through a real estate agency.
Assess Your Credit Score
Your credit score is a key player in this process. It has a significant impact on your ability to secure a home loan, dictating your interest rates and loan terms. Before you start shopping for an FSBO house, check your credit score and, if necessary, take steps to improve it. This may involve paying down debts or correcting any errors on your credit report.
Secure Loan Preapproval
Once your credit is in check, securing preapproval for a home loan can give you a head start. This process involves a lender checking your financial history and assessing whether you’re a viable candidate for a loan.
Upon preapproval, you’ll know the maximum amount you can borrow, which helps you set a realistic budget for your house hunting. A mortgage broker, with their extensive knowledge and resources, can guide you through this process and help you choose the best loan for your needs.
Set Aside Savings
Additionally, it’s essential to have savings set aside for a down payment and closing costs. Down payments typically range from 3.5% to 20% of the home’s purchase price. Closing costs, on the other hand, usually amount to 2% to 5% of the loan amount. These costs can add up, so preparing for them can prevent financial surprises down the road.
Ensure a Mortgage Contingency
Lastly, when setting the terms of the purchase contract, ensure it includes a mortgage contingency. This clause protects you if your final home loan approval falls through, allowing you to back out of the deal without financial repercussions.
Research the Property
Buying an FSBO home requires thorough due diligence and understanding your local market’s dynamics.
Familiarize Yourself with the Market
Familiarize yourself with FSBO listings in your desired area. Assess the features of various properties, their listing prices, and how long they’ve been on the market. This exercise can help you gauge a fair price for the property you’re interested in.
Verify Property Details
In FSBO sales, buyers need to take extra care when verifying property details. These include, but are not limited to, ownership history, physical condition, and any past insurance claims related to the house for sale.
CLUE Report: A good starting point for property research is the Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange, also known as CLUE. This database contains up to seven years of insurance claims history for properties. Requesting a CLUE report can provide insight into any past damages or issues that have led to insurance claims. This information helps when assessing the overall condition of the home and can play a role in price negotiations.
Check the Title: Another important element in property research is checking the home’s title. The title outlines the history of property ownership, and any issues, like liens or disputes, could complicate the transaction. You might want to consider hiring a title company or a real estate attorney to ensure a clear title, further securing your investment.
Conducting extensive research on the property not only aids in making an informed decision but can also arm you with valuable information during price negotiations.
Understand the Legalities
Buying a house is not just a financial commitment, it’s a legal one too. Understanding the legal aspects of real estate transactions can protect you from potential complications, particularly in a FSBO sale, where you might not have a real estate agent guiding you through the process.
Hire a Real Estate Attorney or a Title Company
In a traditional real estate transaction, a buyer’s agent handles the legal paperwork. However, in a FSBO sale, buyers often need to manage these tasks themselves. This is where a real estate attorney or a title company can help. These professionals can assist with the legal aspects of the transaction, including:
Ensuring the house is a separate legal entity operated correctly, free from liens, and without any outstanding claims.
Conducting title searches to confirm the legitimacy of the property’s ownership.
Assisting with the closing process, ensuring all necessary documents are correctly filled out and filed.
Review the Purchase Agreement
The purchase agreement is a binding legal contract between the buyer and the seller. It outlines the final purchase price, terms of the home sale, and any conditions that must be met before the sale can be finalized.
Given its importance, it’s recommended to have a lawyer review the purchase agreement before the buyer and seller sign it. This review can ensure that all the stipulations are in your best interest and that there are no potential loopholes that could cause problems later.
Pricing and Negotiations
FSBO sales often provide room for more negotiation when it comes to the home’s asking price. This flexibility can result in a lower purchase price, potentially saving you money.
Home Appraisal
A home appraisal can be an essential tool during these negotiations. An appraiser evaluates the property and provides an estimated market value. This estimate is based on various factors, including the home’s condition, location, and comparable homes in the area.
With an appraisal in hand, you have a foundation for negotiating the home’s price with the seller directly. It gives you a benchmark, helping to ensure you don’t pay more than the property is worth.
Handling a Low Appraisal
A FSBO transaction can become complicated if the appraisal is lower than the agreed-upon purchase price. In this scenario, you have a few options:
Request a price reduction: If the appraisal comes in lower than the agreed-upon price, you can ask the seller to reduce the price. They may be willing to do this to keep the sale on track.
Challenge the appraisal: If you believe the appraisal was inaccurate, you can challenge it. You’ll need to provide compelling evidence, such as recent sales of comparable homes that were not included in the original appraisal.
Handling these situations tactfully can keep your home purchase on track while ensuring you get a fair deal. Remember, every real estate transaction is unique, and dealing with these challenges may require professional guidance from a real estate attorney or a buyer’s agent.
Home Inspections
Investing in a home inspection is a prudent step in the homebuying process. A comprehensive inspection can reveal potential problems or necessary repairs that may not be immediately apparent. This is especially critical when buying a FSBO property, as there might not be a real estate agent involved to facilitate this step.
Choosing a Home Inspector
Finding a qualified and experienced home inspector is paramount. Look for inspectors who are certified by a national association and who have a good reputation in your local market. Your home inspector should evaluate the following:
Structural elements: walls, ceilings, floors, roof, and foundation.
Systems: plumbing, electrical, and HVAC.
Other components: insulation, ventilation, windows, and doors.
Outside: drainage, driveways, fences, sidewalks, and any potential safety hazards.
After the Home Inspection
Once the home inspection is complete, you will receive an inspection report outlining any identified issues. Depending on the findings, you may:
Request repairs: If the inspector identifies any issues, you can ask the seller to make necessary repairs before closing.
Renegotiate the asking price: If there are significant issues that the seller is not willing to fix, you might renegotiate the price to account for the repair costs.
Walk away: In the case of severe problems, such as foundational issues or extensive water damage, it might be in your best interest to walk away from the sale.
Securing Financing
Once you’ve agreed on a sales price and completed the home inspection, the next step is to finalize your home loan. This stage requires careful consideration as it can significantly impact your personal finance situation.
Compare Mortgage Options
Start by comparing different mortgage options. Each loan type has its advantages and drawbacks, and the best one for you depends on your individual circumstances. A mortgage broker can be a valuable resource during this process, helping you understand the nuances of each option and finding the best fit for your financial situation.
Review the Loan Estimate
Mortgage lenders are required to provide a loan estimate within three days of receiving your application. This document outlines the specifics of your loan, including:
Loan amount: The total amount that you’ll borrow.
Interest rate: The cost you’ll pay each year to borrow the money, expressed as a percentage.
Closing costs: The expenses you’ll need to pay to finalize your mortgage, which can include origination fees, appraisal fees, and title insurance.
It’s essential to review the loan estimate thoroughly and make sure you understand all the costs involved. If something seems off, don’t hesitate to ask your lender for clarification. After all, this is a significant financial commitment, and you want to be sure you’re making an informed decision.
Closing the Sale
Closing a FSBO sale involves several key steps that vary slightly from a typical sale involving real estate agents. However, the primary goal remains the same: to legally transfer ownership of the property from the seller to you, the buyer.
Setting Up an Escrow Account
In real estate transactions, an escrow account is used to safeguard the earnest money — the deposit you make to show the seller you’re serious about buying the house. This account is managed by a separate legal entity, such as a title company or escrow company, ensuring the funds are protected until the sale is finalized.
Preparing the Paperwork
The closing paperwork can be quite extensive and typically includes:
The deed: This transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer.
The bill of sale: This outlines the terms and conditions of the sale.
The affidavit of title (or seller’s affidavit): This document states the seller owns the property and there are no liens against it.
It’s best to have a real estate attorney or a title company prepare these documents to avoid any mistakes.
Title Insurance and Closing
Your lender may require you to purchase title insurance. This protects both you and the lender in case any undisclosed liens or ownership disputes arise after the sale.
On the closing day, you and the seller will sign all closing documents. The funds held in the escrow account, including your down payment and closing costs, will be appropriately distributed, and the property’s ownership is legally transferred to you.
Post-Closing Steps: What Comes Next?
After the exhilarating process of buying a house, there are a few additional steps to take post-closing.
Utility Setup and Address Change
Ensure utilities are set up in your name, including water, electricity, gas, and internet. You should also update your address for any subscriptions, credit cards, bank accounts, and identification documents.
Understand Property Taxes and Home Insurance
As a new homeowner, it’s important to understand your obligations regarding property taxes and home insurance. Familiarize yourself with due dates and payment procedures to avoid late fees or potential complications.
Dealing with Potential Problems
If any problems arise with the home past closing, consult your home inspection report before paying for repairs out of pocket. If you’ve received a home warranty as part of the sale (which is different from home insurance), it may cover some of these post-closing issues.
Remember, buying a FSBO home might be more complicated than a typical sale, but the potential benefits, such as saving on the agent’s commission, make it an attractive option for many home buyers. With careful planning, research, and professional guidance, you can manage the FSBO homebuying process with confidence.
Conclusion
Though a FSBO transaction can be intimidating, with research and preparation, potential buyers can make the process go smoothly. Buying a house for sale by owner can offer significant savings and more room for price negotiation, as you bypass the real estate agent’s commission.
However, you need to remain diligent and informed throughout the process. Understand the local market, conduct a thorough home inspection, and engage professionals like a real estate attorney or title companies for a smooth real estate transaction. The homebuying process may be a marathon rather than a sprint, but with patience and perseverance, you’ll cross the finish line to your new home.
For most Americans, having a car is a necessity. We need it to get to work, school, the grocery, the doctor, and all our weekly errands. Unfortunately, both new and used cars are expensive — and auto loan rates are on the rise as well.
So when buying a car, does it ever make sense to use a personal loan instead of traditional financing? We’ll break down the difference between personal loans and car loans and when you might want to use the former to buy a new set of wheels.
Personal Loan vs Auto Loan: An Overview
You can use a personal loan for almost anything, including buying a car. But why would you use a personal loan to purchase a vehicle when there are very specific loans — auto loans — to finance this purchase?
As we’ll see, personal loans can offer some benefits over car loans, including less buyer risk, no down payment needed, better negotiating power, and potential savings on car insurance. But car loans still have their place and may be cheaper in the long run.
Personal Loans
A personal loan allows you to borrow money from a bank, credit union, or lender to fund nearly any kind of purchase. People commonly use personal loans for debt consolidation, home renovations, weddings, vacations, and even new and used car purchases.
Personal loans can be unsecured (no collateral required) or secured (collateral required). For the sake of our personal loan vs. auto loan comparison, we’ll be looking at unsecured personal loans, as they’re more common.
Recommended: Types of Personal Loans
How Interest Rates Work on Personal Loans
Because unsecured personal loans aren’t backed by any collateral, interest rates tend to be higher than what you’d get for a car loan. Average personal loan interest rates vary depending on your credit score and the loan terms, but typically, they max out at 36%.
Most personal loans come with fixed rates, meaning your interest rate will stay the same over the life of the loan. It is possible, however, to get a variable-rate personal loan. Check out our guide to fixed vs. variable rate loans to figure out which is right for you.
Terms for Personal Loans
Personal loan terms vary by lender, but you can typically take out a loan with a repayment term of one to seven years. The faster you pay it off, the less you’ll pay in interest — but your monthly payments will be much larger. 💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. SoFi personal loans come with no-fee options, and no surprises.
Car Loans
When buying a new or used car through a dealership, the dealer’s finance department can help you find a loan through a bank or credit union. Alternatively — or when buying from a private seller — you can shop around for a car loan from various banks and credit unions on your own.
Auto loans are usually secured loans, meaning the car you’re buying serves as collateral. This means, if you fall behind on payments, the lender can repossess your car. (It’s possible, but less common and more expensive, to get a car loan without putting the car up as collateral.)
How Interest Rates Work on Car Loans
The collateral on the car loan reduces the risk to the lender, which usually results in a lower interest rate. Still, auto loan interest rates depend on your credit score.
Car loan rates for both new and used cars have increased in recent years, but they’re still typically lower than the average personal loan rate. Notably, car loan refinancing rates are lower than regular financing rates.
Terms for Car Loans
Like personal loans, car loans might stretch 84 months (that’s seven years), but some are as short as 24 months (two years). Also like personal loans, it’s common to repay your car loan over three to five years. 💡 Quick Tip: In a climate where interest rates are rising, you’re likely better off with a fixed interest rate than a variable rate, even though the variable rate is initially lower. On the flip side, if rates are falling, you may be better off with a variable interest rate.
Can You Use a Personal Loan to Buy a Car?
Yes, you can use a personal loan to buy a car. In fact, you can use a personal loan for (almost) anything. However, it often makes more sense to get traditional vehicle financing when buying a car.
Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator
Is It Better to Get a Personal Loan to Buy a Car?
In some ways, it can be better to buy a car with a personal loan. You don’t have to stress about saving up for a down payment, there’s no risk of your car being repossessed, and you might even have more negotiating power at the dealership.
However, many buyers prefer the structure of an auto loan. These loans tend to be cheaper in the long run because of the lower interest rates. And they’re easier to get — both because of lower credit score requirements for car loans and because dealerships can help you find the best car loan for you.
Pros & Cons: Car Loan vs Personal Loan
Buying a car with a personal loan instead of an auto loan has its share of advantages, but there are also drawbacks to consider.
Pros
• Less risk: When you take out a car loan, the car itself serves as collateral for the loan. If you miss enough payments, the lender could repossess your vehicle. With an unsecured personal loan, you don’t face that risk, though there are still consequences if you default on a personal loan.
• More negotiating power: When you don’t have to go through the hassle of securing financing, the car buying process is much easier and faster for you and the dealer. That means you might be able to negotiate a better deal, like a discount for paying in full.
• Lower insurance costs: When financing a car, the lender may require you to carry comprehensive, collision, and gap insurance. But when you pay for the vehicle outright with the funds from your personal loan, no one can require you to carry those car insurance coverages.
• No need to save for a down payment: Personal loans don’t require a down payment. Though some have origination fees, you might even be able to roll those into the cost of the loan. That means you could use a personal loan to get a car with no money down.
Cons
• Higher cost: Interest rates are typically higher for personal loans, which means you’ll end up spending more money on your car in the long run than you would if you got traditional auto financing. Origination fees for personal loans may also be higher than they are for car loans.
• Higher credit score requirements: Because auto loans are secured by the vehicle being financed, lenders are a little more willing to work with lower credit scores. The credit score you need for a personal loan is typically higher (around 670), though this varies by lender.
• More insurance risk: There may not be an auto lender requiring you to carry comprehensive, collision, or gap insurance, but declining those coverages just because your personal loan lender doesn’t mandate them could open you up to a lot of risk. If your car is totaled and you don’t have the proper coverage to get reimbursed, you’ll still be on the hook for making your personal loan payments — so think carefully before minimizing your car insurance coverage.
The Takeaway
Both auto loans and personal loans can help you get behind the wheel of a new (or used) daily driver. Determining which type of loan is right for you comes down to your needs and preferences.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.
FAQ
Is it easier to get a personal loan or car loan?
Getting a car loan is usually easier than getting a personal loan. That’s because car loans are secured by the vehicle you’re buying. That means less risk to the lender, who will be willing to accept lower credit scores.
Should I take out a personal loan to buy a car?
While you can get an auto loan through a bank, credit union, or the dealership, you can also pay for a car with a personal loan. Personal loans reduce your risk — there’s no chance of your car being repossessed — and they may give you more negotiating power. However, personal loans typically cost more in the long run.
Am I allowed to use a personal loan to buy a car?
Yes, you can use a personal loan to buy a new or used car. In fact, you can use personal loans for just about anything. Just read the fine print of any loan agreement to make sure.
Photo credit: iStock/skynesher
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
A nest egg is a substantial amount of money that you save for a specific purpose. Savings accounts, investment accounts and working financial professionals can help you grow your nest egg.
A nest egg is a fund that you set aside for a specific purpose. Nest eggs can be large sums of cash that you store in a safe, retirement accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, or investments like index funds and government bonds.
Nest eggs are one of the best investments for long-term financial goals. This fund shouldn’t be touched until months or years into the future. Below, we’ll further break down what a nest egg is, how it works, and how you can contribute to it over time. We’ll also share helpful financial tools like Credit.com’s 401(k) calculator.
Key Takeaways:
Cash, savings accounts, and investments can all be a part of your nest egg.
An FDIC-insured savings account protects up to $250,000 from losses.
Once you reach age 59 ½, you can withdraw funds from retirement plans, like your 401(k) and IRA, without penalties.
What Can You Use a Nest Egg For?
Funds that you place in a nest egg can serve various purposes later in life. Some of the most common reasons people utilize this savings tool include:
Family: A nest egg can cover costs if you have to go on unpaid family leave.
Education: Saved funds can help you pay for your children’s education or your post-graduate studies.
Rainy days: A nest egg can double as an emergency fund.
Early retirement: Some people save money to retire before age 59 1/2
Big purchases: Saving for a new car, a house, or a business expense.
Inheritance: Here, investors gather their funds for the sake of their beneficiaries.
Charity: The funds in your nest egg can help charities support numerous other people.
No matter your reason for building out your nest egg, knowing how to increase your funds is key.
How to Build a Nest Egg?
You’ll need to set money aside to successfully create a nest egg over time. Savings accounts are excellent tools for storing future funds—especially high-yield savings accounts, which can generate a significant amount of interest based on your initial deposit and subsequent contributions.
Effectively budgeting your funds is crucial to growing your nest egg, and you can do this in many different ways.
Set Clear and Realistic Goals
Creating savings milestones for yourself based on your current finances can help you steadily grow your nest egg over time. This process can be as simple as aiming to save $100 each month or as elaborate as saving to make a down payment on a home in 10 years.
Budget to Ensure Spending Aligns With Nest Egg Goals
Once you have a goal or series of goals in mind, you can adjust your spending habits to help you consistently meet those goals. For example, canceling subscriptions and eating out less can free up more funds to add to your nest egg.
The opposite is also true—once you know you’re regularly hitting your savings goals, you can treat yourself or donate extra funds with far less stress.
Leverage Savings Accounts With High Interest and Tax Advantages
High-yield savings accounts are excellent tools for safely storing funds and building interest long-term. These accounts protect up to $250,000 of your funds from losses via FDIC insurance.
A 401(k) and an IRA can help you save for retirement while offering distinct tax advantages on your funds. Employers offer 401(k)s, and they’ll match a percentage of the money you contribute to this fund. This is why financial experts encourage you to maximize your 401(k) contributions if possible.
IRAs are individual retirement accounts that you contribute to on your own. Traditional IRAs offer tax-deferred growth (meaning, tax payments aren’t due until later), while ROTH IRAs offer tax-free growth for any after-tax dollars you contribute.
Adopt Better Debt Management Strategies
Debt limits the amount of money you can add to your nest egg, so making repayments now can lead to increased funds in the future. The avalanche method and the snowball method are two popular strategies to pay off debt fast.
With the avalanche method, you pay off your debts with the highest interest rates first and work your way down. The snowball method calls for a different approach: you tackle your debts in order from the smallest to the largest amount.
Create a Diversified Investing Portfolio
When you diversify your investments, you create greater opportunities to build your wealth. For example, spreading your funds across a mixture of high-yield savings accounts, tax-advantaged accounts, stocks, bonds, and futures can potentially lead to a bigger return on investment than going all in on one type of account.
It’s important to manage your expectations when investing, as getting too ambitious can lead to big losses. It’s also pivotal to understand the risk involved with each account—stocks are more volatile than government bonds, for the most part.
How Much Should You Have in Your Nest Egg?
Everyone has different financial needs, so there’s no one-size-fits-all amount for nest eggs. Factors like your savings goal, location, and income all influence your unique needs. We recommend speaking with financial advisors to get the most accurate idea of your nest egg goal.
Even if you don’t yet have a specific goal in mind, you can always dedicate funds from each paycheck toward your nest egg. Using tools like a monthly budget template can help you get a better sense of your regular expenses and how much you can afford to save each month.
How Do You Protect a Nest Egg?
The methods for protecting a nest vary based on its form. FDIC insurance can protect a preset amount of the funds in your savings account in the event of a loss. For example, FDIC insurance protects up to $250,000 in a money market account,
Eliminating debts and increasing your financial knowledge will also help your nest egg in the long run. The fewer debts you have, the more money you can contribute to your savings goal—and knowledge will help you wisely allocate your funds.
To best protect your nest egg, watch out for get-rich-quick schemes that promise astronomical returns if you make an equally large investment. Lastly, set up alerts on your banking accounts to notify you about strange transactions.
Find Personal Finance Resources With Credit.com
Growing a nest egg is one of the more intuitive financial concepts out there, and it gets easier the more you know about money management. Check out Credit.com’s personal finance guide to deepen your understanding of methods for growing a nest egg and other investment strategies.
Inside: Unlock the secrets of debt types and management. Explore everything from mortgages to student loans, and devise savvy debt strategies for financial health.
Understanding debt is essential as it is a common financial obligation that, must be managed wisely, if mismanaged, can lead to financial strain.
Most importantly, comprehending the fundamentals of debt is crucial for financial literacy. Debt spans various forms of credit, from mortgages to personal loans to credit cards.
Debt is a powerful force in the consumer’s financial life; it has the power to either create opportunities or trigger economic stress.
You must realize the multifaceted role that debt plays is a prerequisite for achieving and maintaining financial stability. As such, a comprehensive understanding of the various types of debts is not merely beneficial—it is indispensable.
Right now, consumer debt has reached $17.1 Trillion in 2023. 1
With this knowledge, you can navigate the financial tides with confidence, distinguish between advantageous and precarious borrowing, and ultimately wield debt as a tool for prosperity.
This post may contain affiliate links, which helps us to continue providing relevant content and we receive a small commission at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read the full disclosure here.
The Mainstream Maze Examples of Debt Types
Understanding the various types of debt is crucial for anyone looking to maintain or improve their financial health.
Debt, often viewed in a negative light, can actually be leveraged as a powerful tool if managed correctly. Each category of debt — from secured to unsecured, installment to revolving — functions differently and influences your financial profile in its own unique way.
Recognizing these differences enables individuals to make informed borrowing decisions, repay their debts more effectively, and develop strategies tailored to their personal financial goals.
With this background in mind, let’s understand the different types of debt:
Navigating Through Secured and Unsecured Loans
Secured loans require collateral, reducing risk for the lender, like a mortgage or auto loan.
Unsecured loans rely on creditworthiness and come with tighter requirements.
Understanding Revolving vs. Installment Debt
Revolving debts, like credit cards, offer flexible borrowing limits.
Installment debts involve fixed payments over a period.
Fixed-Rate vs. Variable-Rate
Choosing between fixed-rate and variable-rate debt shapes your financial commitment and interest rate.
Fixed rates provide predictability in repayments.
Whereas variable rates fluctuate with market trends, potentially lowering costs or introducing variability.
Short-Term Debt vs. Long-Term Debt
Short-term debt, to be settled within a year, requires immediate attention.
Long-term debt, with extended maturities, often permits strategic repayment over time.
Defining Callable Debt vs. Noncallable Debt
Callable debt allows issuers an early exit option, granting them the ability to retire debt before maturity.
Noncallable debt, in contrast, guarantees the term’s completion, offering predictability for both investor and issuer.
Delving into Secured Debt Details
Secured debt plays a pivotal role as it hinges on collateral to assure lenders of repayment.
This type of debt brings with it the potential for lower interest rates and higher approval chances, but also the risk of losing valuable assets should a borrower default.
Collateral Commitment: Risks and Rewards
Rewards of Secured Debt
Risks of Secured Debt
Lower interest rates due to reduced lender risk.
Risk of losing the collateral property, such as a house or car, on failure to make payments.
Access to larger loan amounts because of collateral provision.
Limited use of borrowed funds typically for a specific purpose (e.g., a home or vehicle).
With continued payments, a credit score increase is likely.
Possibility of incurring additional fees or penalties if the loan goes into default and the property is seized.
Increased likelihood of loan approval because the loan is secured by an asset.
Potential negative impact on credit score and financial stability if unable to repay the loan.
Notable Nuances of Mortgages, Auto Loans, and More
Mortgage interest rates generally fluctuate between 3% and 5%, influenced by economic conditions, with the option of fixed rates or adjustable rates that can change annually within set limits. Typically, a fixed interest rate is the best option for homeowners. Most common mortgage lengths are 15 or 30 year terms.
In contrast, auto loan interest rates tend to be high with shorter terms of 5 or 7 years. Many times, these loans are often subsidized by automakers’ promotional offers to attract buyers with good credit, thereby varying considerably based on the loan’s duration and the borrower’s creditworthiness. Another option is to secure a car loan at a local credit union.
With mortgages tied to real estate and auto loans to vehicles, both present unique terms and implications for borrowers navigating the nuances of substantial purchases.
National Debt Relief
While this isn’t our first choice to pay off debt, for some of readers, it is the only option to get ahead on their debt.
Either way, it is helpful to confront your situation, and then find out your debt relief options – with no obligation.
Free Debt Relief Quote
Unmasking Unsecured Debt
Unsecured debt is a form of financing that does not require borrowers to pledge assets as collateral.
This type of debt is granted based on an individual’s creditworthiness and typically carries a higher interest rate due to the increased risk to lenders. The typical interest rates start at about 15% and go upwards from there.
Credit Cards and Personal Loans: No Collateral Needed
Credit cards and personal loans exemplify unsecured debt, with no collateral needed to secure them. Their accessibility hinges on the borrower’s credit history, representing a choice for financing without asset risk.
Many college students start with their first credit card and have no idea how it works.
The Pros and Perils of Unsecured Borrowing
Unsecured borrowing can offer financial flexibility without collateral, a clear advantage.
However, the perils include higher interest rates and the potential for a strained credit history if repayments falter, necessitating cautious consideration. This is how many people quickly rack up large amounts of debt without realizing the consequences of their actions.
Thus, why young adults need basic financial literacy.
Rolling with Revolving Debt
Revolving debt is a type of credit that lets you borrow money up to a certain limit, repay it, and then borrow again as needed, often seen with credit cards or home equity lines of credit (HELOC).
Unlike fixed installment loans, this type of credit emphasizes the borrower’s ability to manage and repay borrowed funds over time, which can have a significant influence on their credit score.
Mastering the Mechanics of Credit Lines
Credit lines empower consumers with fluid financial options, replenishing funds as balances are paid. Understanding their mechanics is critical in leveraging such revolving credit without succumbing to debt traps through accumulated interest.
Evaluating the Ubiquity and Utility of Credit Cards
Credit cards are ubiquitous in modern-day finance, serving as a versatile tool for electronic payments. They offer convenience and the potential for rewards but can lead to costly interest charges for those who fail to manage them judiciously.
Personally, I received a $942 cash back from my credit card. But, I pay off my balance monthly.
Undebt-it
The Free Tool That Gets You Out of Debt
Undebt.it helps you pay off your debts so you can finally do what you want with your money. Live debt free this year!
Create Free Account
Installment Debt Explored
Installment debt is a financial mechanism that allows individuals to borrow a lump-sum amount of money and repay it over a fixed period through regular payments, known as installments.
These debts, which can be secured or unsecured, usually involve fixed interest rates and include common financial products like mortgages, auto loans, student loans, and personal loans.
How Student Loans and Mortgages Shape Long-term Debt
Student loans and mortgages are pivotal in shaping long-term debt landscapes. They represent significant financial commitments with enduring impacts, facilitating education and homeownership while posing substantial repayment responsibilities.
You need to be wise in how much you decide to take out for either student loans or a mortgage. It is always best to take out less than offered by your lender.
Paying Off Different Types of Debt
Around here at Money Bliss, I stress the importance of paying off debt fast!
To effectively pay off different types of debt, starting with high-interest rate debts, such as credit cards, is essential because it reduces the amount of money paid on interest over time, allowing for more significant savings. This is the core idea behind the “avalanche” approach.
Alternatively, paying off smaller balances first using the “snowball” method can provide psychological wins and motivate continued debt repayment efforts.
For structured debts like student loans and mortgages with lower interest rates, adhering to the standard repayment plan while focusing extra payments on higher-interest debt can be a balanced strategy.
Additionally, employing methods like debt consolidation or transfers to lower APR vehicles can further aid in reducing the cost of borrowing and accelerate debt payoff.
Learn more about debt snowball vs debt avalanche.
Striking a Balance: Managing Varied Debts Wisely
Crafting an effective debt management strategy is a fundamental step toward financial health.
Implementing tailored repayment plans, such as debt consolidation or debt management programs, can alleviate the stress of multiple liabilities.
You don’t want to be at a point where you must get out of debt ASAP. Employing debt payoff methods such as the Snowball and Avalanche techniques can accelerate the journey toward being debt-free.
Credit counseling is often necessary to dig into the root of spending problems because it provides professional guidance on budgeting and debt management. Thus, helping individuals restructure their financial practices and develop a targeted plan to overcome excessive spending habits.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Debt represents money owed across various agreements, while a loan is a specific form of debt where money is borrowed under agreed repayment terms and interest rates.
The most common debts include mortgage debt, credit card debt, auto loans, and student loans, reflecting the widespread financial needs for housing, education, transportation, and consumer spending.
Opting to pay off higher-interest revolving debt first generally saves money and boosts credit scores more effectively than tackling installment loans, due to the compounding effect of revolving debt interest.
This is a personal decision and one you must decide on yourself.
Which Consumer Debts Make Sense to You?
In conclusion, the takeaways are not all debt is created equal, and each type can affect your financial future differently. By recognizing whether a debt is secured or unsecured, or if it revolves or is due in installments, you can better strategize how to handle your obligations.
This knowledge is not only beneficial for making decisions about new loans or credit lines but also for creating a robust plan to tackle existing debt.
Comprehending this area of financial literacy, you position yourself to make wiser decisions that align with your financial aspirations. Ultimately, striving for a future where debt works for you, not against you.
By gaining a deeper understanding of the characteristics and consequences of each debt type, you can not only avoid common pitfalls but also harness debt as an instrument to build wealth and secure a robust financial future.
Then, you can stick with these debt free living habits.
Source
Experian. “Experian Study: U.S. Consumer Debt Reaches $16.84 Trillion in Q2 2023.” https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/research/consumer-debt-study/. Accessed May 7, 2024.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.