A post-occupancy agreement, also known as a post-closing possession agreement, allows the seller to remain in the property they just sold to the buyer for a set period after closing. This can be a win-win for both parties in some situations, but it comes with major risks for the buyers. I have personally bought many houses with post-occupancy agreements and some worked out great while others ended in a costly eviction. A post-occupancy agreement may be needed in some cases but as a regular home buyer, I would be very careful ever accepting one.
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What is a post-occupancy agreement?
In a typical home sale transaction, the seller and buyer agree to a closing date and time, and possession of the home transfers when that closing takes place. The sellers bring the keys and hand them to the buyers if they are both at closing. Or the buyers can pick up the keys or their agent can give them the keys if both parties are not at the closing table (my preference).
In some cases, a seller may want extra time to move out after closing. They may be waiting for their new house to close, or for a house to be built, or they might just want more time to move. This sounds like a reasonable request for the seller but it can come with major risks for the buyer. This is why I try to avoid post-occupancy agreements if possible.
The video below was a nightmare after a post-occupancy agreement went bad:
What are the risks of a post-occupancy agreement?
Many people have heard the stories on the news of a seller who will not move out of their home are they sell. Almost all of these situations come from post-occupancy agreements. During a typical sale, the buyer does a walk-through of the home to make sure it is clean, all the seller’s stuff is moved out, and the property is in the same condition as when they put a contract on it (unless the contract says otherwise). If there is anything wrong, the buyer can delay or even not buy the home.
When the seller is still living in the home and the buyer closes on it (completes the purchase), they cannot make sure it is clean, all the seller’s stuff is gone, or the seller is out. Some sellers want the money that is in their home but want to stay! If the seller does not leave after a post-occupancy agreement, the buyer cannot simply kick them out, they must go to court and evict them.
An eviction can take months or even years in some states like New York.
Why do I agree to post-occupancy agreements?
I am a real estate investor who works hard to get the best deals I can. I buy a lot of distressed properties that need work and many sellers have unique situations. I also buy from many wholesalers who make deals with sellers that I must agree to. In a perfect world, I would never do a post-occupancy agreement but in some cases, it is a take-it-or-leave-it situation and the deal is good enough for me to take the risk.
I would estimate I have some kind of problem with 30 percent of the post-occupancy agreements I do. For me, it is not as big of a problem as it can be for inexperienced homeowners or people who need to move into the home. I also have a YouTube channel that helps me recoup some of my losses with the crazy situations that occur. I also know how to handle evictions, squatters, and other situations where someone not as experienced could be completely lost on what to do.
How should a post-occupancy agreement be structured
There are also risks with how post-occupancy agreements are structured. Some people just agree to let the seller stay and maybe pay a little rent. The problem with this is there is no motivation for them to move out. When we do a post-occupancy agreement we try to make it painful if the seller does not hold up to their obligations and move.
The post-occupancy agreement should always be in writing and money should be held back in escrow from the seller proceeds. I like to hold back at least $10,000 on houses below $400k and if they do not move by a certain date, I get that $10,000 as the buyer. That may seem like a lot but an eviction and a few months of house payments can eat through that very fast. If you are buying a more expensive home, I would hold back much more.
I have seen many agreements that can be wishy-washy and not work out for either party. Some will charge a per diem if the seller does not move like $200 a day. It can be confusing when they are officially out, and when the dates officially start and proving when they are out. I have seen some people create a lease with rent charged and a deposit. You have to be very careful with this as many states have laws on how much the deposit can be compared to rent, how a deposit is paid back or kept, and the rights of the tenant after the lease is started. It is usually easier to evict a seller who does not move than a tenant with a lease.
Another crazy situation:
Should you agree to a post-occupancy agreement?
If you are a regular home buyer looking for a place to move into, be very careful agreeing to a post-occupancy agreement. I would make sure you love that house and have no other options. If you do agree, make sure there is a large enough penalty to make it worthwhile to you if the seller does not move. You also need to make sure your insurance is set up correctly, there is an agreement for who pays for utilities and there is recourse if the house is damaged during the extra time the seller lives there. It also helps if you have a YouTube channel where you can post crazy stories if something goes bad.
Conclusion
I am okay doing post-occupancy agreements if everything is set up correctly and that is my only option. But even as an experienced investor, I try to avoid them if at all possible. If you happen to live in a state with long eviction timelines I would be really careful agreeing to any post-occupancy agreement.
Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. Commissions do not affect our editors’ opinions or evaluations.
As we head into peak home-buying season, signs of life have begun to spring up in the housing market.
Even so, still-high mortgage rates and home prices amid historically low housing stock continue to put homeownership out of reach for many.
Moreover, the National Association of Realtors agreed to a monumental $418 million settlement on March 15 following a verdict favoring home sellers in a class action lawsuit. Still subject to court approval, the settlement requires changes to broker commissions that will upend the buying and selling model that has been in place for years.
Housing Market Forecast for 2024
Elevated mortgage rates, out-of-reach home prices and record-low housing stock are the perennial weeds that experts say hopeful home buyers can expect to contend with this spring—and beyond.
“The housing market is likely to continue to face the dual affordability constraints of high home prices and elevated interest rates in 2024,” said Doug Duncan, senior vice president and chief economist at Fannie Mae, in an emailed statement. “Hotter-than-expected inflation data and strong payroll numbers are likely to apply more upward pressure to mortgage rates this year than we’d previously forecast.”
Despite ongoing affordability hurdles, Fannie Mae forecasts an increase in home sales transactions compared to last year. Experts also anticipate a slower rise in home prices this year compared to recent years, but price fluctuations will continue to vary regionally and depend strongly on local market supply.
U.S. home prices declined in January for the third consecutive month due to high borrowing costs, according to the latest S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller Home Price Index. But prices year-over-year jumped 6%—the fastest annual rate since 2022.
Chief economist at First American Financial Corporation Mark Fleming predicts a “flat stretch” ahead.
“If the 2020-2021 housing market was too hot, then the 2023 market was probably too cold, but 2024 won’t yet be just right,” Fleming said in his 2024 forecast.
Will the Housing Market Finally Recover in 2024?
For a housing recovery to occur, several conditions must unfold.
“For the best possible outcome, we’d first need to see inventories of homes for sale turn considerably higher,” says Keith Gumbinger, vice president at online mortgage company HSH.com. “This additional inventory, in turn, would ease the upward pressure on home prices, leveling them off or perhaps helping them to settle back somewhat from peak or near-peak levels.”
And, of course, mortgage rates would need to cool off—which experts say is imminent despite rates edging back up toward 7%. For the week ending April 11, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate stood at 6.88%, according to Freddie Mac.
However, when mortgage rates finally go on the descent, Gumbinger says don’t hope they cool too quickly. Rapidly falling rates could create a surge of demand that wipes away any inventory gains, causing home prices to rebound.
“Better that rate reductions happen at a metered pace, incrementally improving buyer opportunities over a stretch of time, rather than all at once,” Gumbinger says.
He adds that mortgage rates returning to a more “normal” upper 4% to lower 5% range would also help the housing market, over time, return to 2014-2019 levels. Yet, Gumbinger predicts it could be a while before we return to those rates.
Nonetheless, Kuba Jewgieniew, CEO of Realty ONE Group, a real estate brokerage company, is optimistic about a recovery this year.
“[W]e’re definitely looking forward to a better housing market in 2024 as interest rates start to settle around 6% or even lower,” says Jewgieniew.
NAR Settlement Rocks the Residential Real Estate Industry
Following years of litigation, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) has agreed to pay $418 million to settle a series of antitrust lawsuits filed in 2019 on behalf of home sellers.
The plaintiffs claimed that the leading national trade association for real estate brokers and agents “conspired to require home sellers to pay the broker representing the buyer of their homes in violation of federal antitrust law.”
Though the landmark settlement is subject to court approval, most consider it a done deal.
The settlement requires NAR to enact new rules, including prohibiting offers of broker compensation on multiple listing services (MLS), the private databases that allow local real estate brokers to publish and share information about residential property listings. The rule is set to take effect in mid-July, once the settlement receives judge approval.
Moreover, sellers will no longer be required to pay buyer broker commissions and real estate agents participating in the MLS must establish written representation agreements with their buyer clients.
NAR denies any wrongdoing and maintains that its current policies benefit buyers and sellers. The organization believes it’s not liable for seller claims related to broker commissions, stating that it has never set commissions and that commissions have always been negotiable.
How Will the New Rules Impact the Buying and Selling Process?
Per the settlement’s terms, the costs associated with buying and selling a home are set to change dramatically.
“The primary things that will change are the decoupling of the seller commission and the buyer commission in the MLS,” says Rita Gibbs, a Realtor at Realty One Group Integrity in Tucson. “It’s gonna cause some chaos.”
While sellers will no longer be able to offer broker compensation in the MLS, there’s no rule prohibiting off-MLS negotiations. Because of this, Gibbs suspects buyers and sellers will continue offering broker compensation off the MLS.
The Department of Justice confirmed it will permit listing brokers to display compensation details on their websites. However, buyer agents will need to undergo the tedious task of visiting countless broker websites to find who’s offering what.
Michael Gorkowski, a Virginia-based real estate agent with Compass, is also trying to figure out how to manage the potential ruling.
“We often work with buyers for many months and sometimes years before they find exactly what they’re looking for,” Gorkowski says. “So in a case where a seller isn’t offering a co-broker commission, we will have to negotiate that the buyer pays an agreed-upon commission prior to starting their search.”
The Changes Will Impact These Home Buyers Most
“In the short term, it is absolutely going to injure buyers, especially FHA and VA buyers,” Gibbs says. “With rare exception, these buyers are not in a position to pay for their own agent.”
Gibbs says that if sellers don’t offer compensation, many buyers who can’t otherwise afford to pay a broker will choose to go unrepresented.
Gorkowski notes that veterans taking out VA loans face a unique challenge under the new rules. “[P]er the VA requirements, buyers cannot pay so it must be negotiated with the seller for now.”
As a result, NAR is calling on the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to revise its policies prohibiting VA buyers from paying broker commissions. Even so, there’s skepticism that the federal government will be able to implement changes in time for the July deadline.
Gibbs and Gorkowski are among the many agents especially concerned about first-time home buyers. After July, first-time and VA buyers will be required to sign a buyer-broker agreement stating that they will compensate their broker—but Gibbs says many won’t have the means to do so.
In this situation, agents would likely only show buyers homes where sellers are offering compensation.
“This is a very troubling situation,” Gorkowski says.
Housing Inventory Forecast for 2024
With many homeowners “locked in” at ultra-low interest rates or unwilling to sell due to high home prices, demand continues to outpace housing supply—and likely will for a while—even as some homeowners may finally be forced to sell due to major life events such as divorce, job changes or a growing family.
“I don’t expect to see a meaningful increase in the supply of existing homes for sale until mortgage rates are back down in the low 5% range, so probably not in 2024,” says Rick Sharga, founder and CEO of CJ Patrick Company, a market intelligence and business advisory firm.
Housing stock remains near historic lows—especially entry-level supply—which has propped up demand and sustained ultra-high home prices. Here’s what the latest home values look like around the country.
Yet, some hopeful housing stock signs have begun to sprout:
Existing inventory is showing signs of loosening as impatient buyers and sellers have begun to accept the reality of mortgage rates oscillating between 6% and 7%.
Home-builder outlook also continues to get sunnier, trending back up amid declining mortgage rates and better building conditions.
The most recent National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI), which tracks builder sentiment, saw a fourth consecutive monthly rise, surpassing a crucial threshold with an increase from 48 to 51 in March. A reading of 50 or above means more builders see good conditions ahead for new construction.
At the same time, new single-family building permits ticked up 1% in February—the 13th consecutive monthly increase—according to the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Residential Real Estate Stats: Existing, New and Pending Home Sales
Though some housing market data indicates signs of growth are in store this spring home-buying season, persistently high mortgage rates may hinder activity from fully flourishing.
Here’s what the latest home sales data has to say.
Existing-Home Sales
Existing-home sales came to life in February, shooting up 9.5% from the month before, according to the latest data from the NAR. Sales dipped 3.3% from a year ago.
Experts attribute the monthly jump to a bump in inventory.
“Additional housing supply is helping to satisfy market demand,” said Lawrence Yun, chief economist at NAR, in the report.
Existing inventory rose 5.9%—logging 1.07 million unsold homes at the end of February. However, there are still only 2.9 months of inventory at the current sales pace. Most experts consider a balanced market falling between four and six months.
Meanwhile, existing home prices continue to soar to unprecedented heights, reaching $384,500, which marks the eighth consecutive month of yearly price increases and a February median home price record.
New Home Sales
Sales of newly constructed single-family houses ticked down by a nominal 0.3% compared to January, but outpaced February 2023 sales by 5.9%, according to the latest U.S. Census Bureau and HUD data.
Amid a high percentage of homeowners still locked in to low mortgage rates, home builders have been picking up the slack.
“New construction continues to be an outsized share of the housing inventory,” said Dr. Lisa Sturtevant, chief economist at Bright MLS, in an emailed statement.
Sturtevant notes that declining new home prices are coming amid a recent trend of builders introducing smaller and more affordable homes to the market.
The median price for a new home in February was $400,500, down 7.6% from a year ago.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Pending Home Sales
NAR’s Pending Homes Sales Index rose 1.6% in February from the month prior even as mortgage rates approached 7% by the end of the month. Pending transactions declined 7% year-over-year.
A pending home sale marks the point in the home sales transaction when the buyer and seller agree on price and terms. Pending home sales are considered a leading indicator of future closed sales.
The Midwest and South saw monthly transaction gains while the Northeast and West saw declines due to affordability challenges in those higher-cost regions.
“While modest sales growth might not stir excitement, it shows slow and steady progress from the lows of late last year,” said Yun, in the report.
Ongoing Affordability Challenges Could Throw Cold Water on Spring Home-Buying Hopes
Though down from its 2023 high of 7.79%, the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate in 2024 remains well over 6% amid rising home values. As a result, home buyers continue to face affordability challenges.
According to data from its first-quarter 2024 U.S. Home Affordability Report, property data provider Attom found that median-priced single-family homes remain less affordable than the historical average in over 95% of U.S. counties.
For one, the data uncovered that expenses are eating up more than 32% of the average national wage. Common lending guidelines require monthly mortgage payments, property taxes and homeowners insurance to comprise 28% or less of your gross income.
At the same time, home prices and homeownership expenses continue to outpace wage growth.
Consequently, the latest expense-to-wage ratio is hovering at one of the highest points over the past decade, according to the Attom report, despite some slight affordability improvements over the last two quarters.
“Affording a home remains a financial stretch, or a pipe dream, for so many households,” said Rob Barber, CEO at Attom.
Pro Tips for Buyers and Sellers
Here are some expert tips to increase your chances for an optimal outcome in this tight housing market.
Pro Tips for Buying in Today’s Real Estate Market
Hannah Jones, a senior economic research analyst at Realtor.com, offers this expert advice to aspiring buyers:
Know your budget. Instead of focusing on price, figure out how much you can afford as a monthly payment. Your monthly housing payment is influenced by the price of the home, your down payment, mortgage rate, loan term, home insurance and property taxes.
Be flexible about home size and location. Perhaps your budget is sufficient for a small home in your perfect neighborhood, or a larger, newer home further out. Understanding your priorities and having some flexibility can help you move quickly when a suitable home enters the market.
Keep an eye on the market where you hope to buy. Determine the area’s available inventory and price levels. Also, pay attention to how quickly homes sell. Not only will you be tuned in when something great hits the market, you can feel more confident moving forward with purchasing a well-priced home. A real estate agent can help with this.
Don’t be discouraged. Purchasing a home is one of the largest financial decisions you’ll ever make. Approaching the market confidently, armed with good information and grounded expectations will take you far. Don’t let the hustle of the market convince you to buy something that’s not in your budget, or not right for your lifestyle.
Pro Tips for Selling in Today’s Real Estate Market
Gary Ashton, founder of The Ashton Real Estate Group of RE/MAX Advantage, has this expert advice for sellers:
Research comparable home prices in your area. Sellers need to have the most up-to-date pricing intel on comparable homes selling in their market. Know the market competition and price the home competitively. In addition, understand that in some price points it’s a buyer’s market—you’ll need to be prepared to make some concessions.
Make sure your home is in top-notch shape. Homes need to be in great condition to compete and create a strong “online curb appeal.” Well-maintained homes and attractive front yards are major features that buyers look for.
Work with a local real estate agent. A real estate agent or team with a strong local marketing presence and access to major real estate portals can offer significant value and help you land a great deal.
Don’t put off issues that require attention. Prepare the home by making any repairs or improvements. Removing any objections that buyers may see helps focus the buyer on the positive attributes of the home.
Will the Housing Market Crash in 2024?
Despite some areas of the country experiencing monthly price declines, the likelihood of a housing market crash—a rapid drop in unsustainably high home prices due to waning demand—remains low for 2024.
“[T]he record low supply of houses on the market protects against a market crash,” says Tom Hutchens, executive vice president of production at Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions, a non-QM lender.
Moreover, experts point out that today’s homeowners stand on much more secure footing than those coming out of the 2008 financial crisis, with many borrowers having substantial home equity.
“In 2024, I expect we’ll see home appreciation take a step back but not plummet,” says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
This outlook aligns with what other housing market watchers expect.
“Comerica forecasts that national house prices will rise 2.9% in 2024,” said Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica Bank, in an emailed statement.
Divounguy also notes that several factors, including Millennials entering their prime home-buying years, wage growth and financial wealth are tailwinds that will sustain housing demand in 2024.
Even so, with fewer homes selling, Dan Hnatkovskyy, co-founder and CEO of NewHomesMate, a marketplace for new construction homes, sees a price collapse within the realm of possibility, especially in markets where real estate investors scooped up numerous properties.
“If something pushes that over the edge, the consequences could be severe,” said Hnatkovskyy, in an emailed statement.
Will Foreclosures Increase in 2024?
In February, total foreclosure filings were down 1% from the previous month but up 8% from a year ago, according to Attom.
“These trends could signify evolving financial landscapes for homeowners, prompting adjustments in market strategies and lending practices,” said Barber, in a report.
Lenders began foreclosure on 22,575 properties in February, up 4% from the previous month and 11% from a year ago. Meanwhile, real estate-owned properties, or REOs, which are homes unsold at foreclosure auctions and taken over by lenders, spiked year-over-year in three states: South Carolina (up 51%), Missouri (up 50%) and Pennsylvania (up 46%).
Despite foreclosure activity trending up nationally and certain areas of the country seeing notable annual increases in REOs, experts generally don’t expect to see a wave of foreclosures in 2024.
“Foreclosure activity is still only at about 60% of pre-pandemic levels … and isn’t likely to be back to 2019 numbers until sometime in mid-to-late 2024,” says Sharga.
The biggest reasons for this, Sharga explains, are the strength of the economy—we’re still seeing low unemployment and steady wage growth—along with excellent loan quality.
Massive home price growth in homeowner equity over the past few years has also helped reduce foreclosures.
Sharga says that some 80% of today’s homeowners have more than 20% equity in their property. So, while there may be more foreclosure starts in 2024—due in part to Covid-era mortgage relief programs phasing out—foreclosure auctions and lender repossessions should remain below 2019 levels.
When Will Be the Best Time To Buy a Home in 2024?
Buying a house—in any market—is a highly personal decision. Because homes represent the largest single purchase most people will make in their lifetime, it’s crucial to be in a solid financial position before diving in.
Use a mortgage calculator to estimate your monthly housing costs based on your down. But if you’re trying to predict what might happen next year, experts say this is probably not the best home-buying strategy.
“The housing market—like so many other markets—is almost impossible to time,“ Divounguy says. “The best time for prospective buyers is when they find a home that they like, that meets their family’s current and foreseeable needs and that they can afford.”
Gumbinger agrees it’s hard to tell would-be homeowners to wait for better conditions.
“More often, it seems the case that home prices generally keep rising, so the goalposts for amassing a down payment keep moving, and there’s no guarantee that tomorrow’s conditions will be all that much better in the aggregate than today’s.”
Divounguy says “getting on the housing ladder” is worthwhile to begin building equity and net worth.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Will declining mortgage rates cause home prices to rise?
Declining mortgage rates will likely incentivize would-be buyers anxious to own a home to jump into the market. Expect this increased demand amid today’s tight housing supply to put upward pressure on home prices.
What will happen if the housing market crashes?
Most experts do not expect a housing market crash in 2024 since many homeowners have built up significant equity in their homes. The issue is primarily an affordability crisis. High interest rates and inflated home values have made purchasing a home challenging for first-time homebuyers.
Is it smart to buy real estate before a recession?
If you’re in a financial position to buy a home you plan to live in for the long term, it won’t matter when you buy it because you will live in it through economic highs and lows. However, if you are looking to buy real estate as a short-term investment, it will come with more risk if you buy at the height before a recession.
There are now 526,000 single-family homes active unsold on the market. That’s up 2.6% from the previous week when the data included the Easter holiday. It’s a holiday week jump so it’s not super crazy, but a 2.6% jump in unsold inventory in a week is very notable. This is absolutely a function of high and rising mortgage rates. I’ve been sharing this view for two full years now. As mortgage rates rise, inventory rises. Or, to put it another way: demand slows, inventory grows. So, rates are up and inventory is undeniably growing.
Available inventory of unsold homes on the market is 30% greater than last year at this time and 102% more than in mid-April 2022. There are 120,000 more homes on the market now than there were last year. There are 250,000 more homes on the market now than two years ago. Much of this inventory increase is concentrated is a few key markets.
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Two years ago, rates were obviously rising for the first time in years and inventory was rising too. Inventory was coming off the record lows of the pandemic, but was already increasing 2-3% per week as demand slowed.
Year-over-year inventory growth like this can lead to home-price declines in the future since sales price measures lag way behind the changes in supply and demand. Because we have 30% year-over-year inventory gains now, we’ll be on the lookout for more signals of weakness in home prices as the year progresses.
It’s important to note that we don’t see any signs in the data of a major home-price crash. In early 2022, inventory rose quickly and home prices fell in Q4 of that year. Home prices recovered in 2023 very quickly though. If we finally get some stability in mortgage rates, expect stability also in home prices. If we are in a world of continued rising mortgage rates, supply and demand will continue their imbalance and we’ll likely see price adjustments.
New listings
Inventory growth is from a combination of fewer buyers as affordability worsens, but also gradually improving seller volume. There were 66,000 new listings unsold last week plus another 20,000 immediate sales for 86,000 total new listings. That’s 32% more new listings last week than the same week a year ago.
The measure from last year included last year’s Easter holiday weekend so some of this 32% is from that easy comparison. But each week in 2024 is averaging 13% more sellers than last year at this time. So we have obvious seller growth as we settle into mortgage rates higher for longer.
This concept is counter-intuitive. Many listeners are familiar with the concept of a mortgage rate lock-in. This was the topic of my Top of Mind podcast interview last week with Jonah Coste from FHFA discussing their paper on the lock-in effect.
The lock-in premise is that if rates rise, it becomes more expensive for homeowners to move, so higher rates create more lock-in and fewer sellers. But that’s proving to be only partially true. The lock-in effect keeps us with relatively few sellers: 80,000 instead of 100,000 each week in previous healthy years, but we have more sellers every week than last year even though mortgage rates are higher now.
In fact, there were more new listings last week at 66,000 than any week in 2023 and we have a couple months of spring still for that number to climb.
New pendings
Meanwhile, there were 69,000 new pendings last week. These are homes that were listed, took offers and started the contract process. It takes just under 40 days on average to close the transaction, so these are sales that will close in May for the most part.
The 69,000 contracts is 10% more than a year ago and 7% more than the previous week, which included the Easter holiday. So like the inventory numbers, last week’s big jump is mostly a rebound from the holiday. But it’s really encouraging that sales each week continue to come in ahead of last year.
If rates finally fall, we’ll see this transaction rate accelerate, and we’ll see inventory fall too. But there doesn’t seem to be any inclination of rates falling. This weekly new pendings data is a very handy measure of interest-rate sensitivity.
There are 371,000 single-family homes in contract right now. That’s just 4% more than last year at this time. A lot of places in the country still have fewer sales than last year. The market is trying to grow, but a new jump in mortgage rates doesn’t help. More sales are happening with cash right now, so the mortgage indices are still at record lows. If we get lucky and rates don’t keep climbing, then we’ll continue to see home sales run just a little ahead of last year. The more stable rates stay, the more sales can inch forward.
Home prices
The median price of the homes that took offers last week was $389,900. That is actually below 2022 by 1%. In 2022, home prices still had pandemic momentum into the second quarter. The median price of all the homes in contract is $399,000, which means the homes that sell in April and May will be 5% higher priced than 2023.
The median price of the active market was $447,527 last week. That’s up for the week and 1.7% above last year. The asking prices are leading indicators of where future sales prices will happen. And the growth in those leading indicators is not very strong — just barely above last year at this time.
The price of the newly listed cohort came in pretty strong in the week after Easter at $435,000, which was a new all-time high for that measure. So, not all of the pricing indicators are bearish. That’s good to keep our eyes on.
Price reductions
On the other hand, 32.1% of the homes on the market have taken a price cut. That’s up a fraction from the previous week, 10 basis points. If this most recent move in mortgage rates is stifling homebuyers, we’ll see the price reductions number jump in next Monday’s video.
Some of the homes that are on the market and expected offers last week didn’t get their offers because of the most recent mortgage rate jump. If they don’t get the offer, then on Monday or Tuesday, a few are going to reduce their asking price to try to stimulate demand.
Two takeaways from the price-reductions data: One, next week we will be watching for how many listings cut their prices as a result of newly higher mortgage rates. We can see that moment in September of 2022 when price cuts jumped and we saw it again last September when rates jumped. Will we see it again in next Monday’s data?
And two, because price cuts are a bit high and climbing now, we have to look at that as a slightly bearish signal for home prices for the rest of the year. Transaction volume is climbing but prices do not appear to be climbing considering these levels of unaffordability.
Eurostar offers high-speed train travel between the U.K., Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Germany. Its trains can reach 186 mph, which means a train from London to Paris takes only 2 hours and 16 minutes. Eurostar merged with Thalys — another European high-speed train company — in 2023.
Taking a Eurostar train between these five countries can be more seamless than flying because you get a solid baggage allowance and don’t need to deal with airports, liquid restrictions in your carry-on and long security lines.
Here’s what you need to know about Eurostar’s destinations, cabin classes, lounges, loyalty program, amenities and pricing.
Destinations
Eurostar offers direct train service to London, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam and Rotterdam, Netherlands. For all other destinations, you must connect to a different train, potentially with another carrier.
The fastest train journeys are the following:
Paris to Brussels – 1 hour, 22 minutes.
London to Lille, France – 1 hour, 22 minutes.
London to Brussels – 1 hour, 53 minutes.
Brussels to Amsterdam – 1 hour, 53 minutes.
London to Paris – 2 hours, 16 minutes.
London to Rotterdam – 3 hours, 13 minutes.
Paris to Amsterdam – 3 hours, 20 minutes.
Paris to Cologne – 3 hours, 20 minutes.
London to Amsterdam – 3 hours, 52 minutes.
Depending on where you’re headed, taking the train may take less total time than flying. For example, the train from London to Paris takes 2 hours and 16 minutes, while a flight takes 1 hour and 20 minutes. Though the train takes almost an hour longer, other factors involved with flying, including early airport arrival, travel time to/from the airport, security and boarding, make the train the faster option.
The Eurostar operates out of St. Pancras International Station, located in central London and easily accessible by several tube (underground) lines and buses. By contrast, London’s main airports, Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport, are located outside the city and can take an hour or more to get to depending on where you’re traveling from and your mode of transport.
Furthermore, Eurostar’s rules are arguably more traveler-friendly than those of airlines. On even the cheapest tickets, Eurostar allows adults to bring two pieces of luggage and one carry-on with no weight limit. Children can bring one piece of luggage and one carry-on.
You also don’t have to worry about paying for a seat or dealing with liquid restrictions. You can make fee-free changes to your ticket as many times as you like until seven days before departure. Ticket changes within seven days of departure incur a $40 fee unless you’re in Business Premier.
Club Eurostar
Club Eurostar is Eurostoar’s loyalty program and you can sign up for a free account to start earning points. You earn 1 point per $1 spent on Eurostar tickets. Train + hotel packages also earn points, albeit at a lower rate (1 point per $2).
Eurostar has four membership levels, and with each increasing level you earn more points on travel and get access to additional perks.
Carte Blanche
Points required
Bonus points on tickets
All levels can pool points with friends and family, use points to pay a portion of their tickets and upgrade their seats from Standard to Standard Premier/Comfort. If you’re going for elite status with Eurostar, the biggest advantages are companion vouchers, lounge access and priority benefits when traveling.
Rewards can be used for as low as 100 points on various experiences from free tickets to upgrades.
Eurostar travel classes
Eurostar offers different travel classes, and these travel classes vary by destination. All trains offer Wi-Fi, but in my experience, the Wi-Fi has been awful, with upload and download speeds of less than 1 Mbps.
Trains to/from London
A Eurostar train to/from London offers three travel classes: Standard, Standard Premier and Business Premier. All seats offer U.K. and EU plug sockets. You can also choose your seat when traveling on this route.
Standard: This travel class offers the lowest priced tickets and food and drinks are available for purchase.
Standard Premier: You get free magazines and a more spacious seat, along with a light meal and drinks.
Business Premier: You get the same seat as in Standard Premier, plus additional perks including three pieces of luggage, a carry-on, hot meals created by Raymond Blanc OBE served with champagne, free newspapers and magazines and a dedicated fast-track ticket gate. You also get access to Eurostar lounges and NS International lounges.
Trains between Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Germany
When traveling between Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Germany, there are three travel classes: Standard, Comfort and Premium. All seats include EU plug sockets.
You also have access to Eurostar’s taxi booking service, which allows you to arrange transport to/from the train station. Unfortunately you cannot choose your seat when traveling between these destinations.
Standard: This travel class has the cheapest tickets. Food and drinks are not included but can be purchased onboard.
Comfort: You get a more spacious seat, but still need to pay for food and drinks. Comfort seats have access to premium Wi-Fi, but I found that Wi-Fi to be just as slow as in Standard class.
Premium: You have the same seat as in Comfort class and some additional perks including a gourmet cold meal served at your seat, access to Eurostar lounges and NS International lounges.
The Eurostar amenities you receive depend on which class you travel in. You receive a complimentary meal in Premium, Standard Premier or Business Premier. Those in Business Premier (only available on London routes) receive three-course meals created in collaboration with Michelin-star chef Raymond Blanc OBE. Passengers in Premium get a meal designed by Belgian chef Frank Fol.
Passengers in other travel classes don’t receive a complimentary meal but can purchase drinks or snacks from the Eurostar Cafe.
Lounge access
Travelers in Premium can visit the Eurostar lounge in Paris and Brussels, and NS International lounges in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Those traveling in Business Premier can use the lounge in London, Paris and Brussels.
Club Eurostar elites traveling on any fare class can access certain lounges depending on their elite status:
Avantage, Carte Blanche and Etoile members: Eurostar lounge in Brussels and Paris.
Carte Blanche and Etoile members: Eurostar lounge in London, Paris and Brussels; DB lounges in Cologne, Düsseldorf and Essen; NS International lounges in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Schiphol airport; Railteam lounges in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria.
Check each lounge’s information page for opening hours. Generally, you can expect to find various seating spaces, complimentary newspapers and magazines, free Wi-Fi as well as food and drinks to enjoy.
Eurostar allows you to book tickets up to 120 days in advance, and the sooner you book the better. You’ll generally find the cheapest tickets on Tuesday and Wednesday. Since you can change your ticket fee-free as many times as you want until seven days before departure, you might as well book as soon as possible.
There are also special or discounted fares for the following groups:
Children under age 4
Kids ages 4-11
Passengers under 26 or over 60
Travelers in a group
Wheelchair passengers and companions
The availability of discounts depends on your destination, so you’ll want to check Eurostar’s page for guidance.
If you have a credit card that earns travel rewards, you’ll want to use it for this purchase since trains are part of the travel category. Here’s a sampling of cards that earn extra rewards for travel and don’t charge foreign transaction fees.
Cards for traveling by Eurostar
Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card
on Chase’s website
Chase Sapphire Reserve®
on Chase’s website
Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card
American Express® Green Card
Earn rate on train travel
• 2 points per $1 spent on travel, including train travel.
• 3 points per $1 spent on travel, including train travel.
• 2 miles per $1 on every purchase.
• 3 points per $1 on transit, including train travel.
Terms apply.
Annual fee
Welcome offer
Earn 60,000 bonus points after you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening. That’s $750 when you redeem through Chase Travel℠.
Earn 60,000 bonus points after you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening. That’s $900 toward travel when you redeem through Chase Travel℠.
Enjoy a one-time bonus of 75,000 miles once you spend $4,000 on purchases within 3 months from account opening, equal to $750 in travel.
Earn 40,000 Membership Rewards® Points after you spend $3,000 on purchases on your new Card in your first 6 months of Card Membership.
Still not sure?
You can pay in U.S. dollars when buying Eurostar tickets online. However, if you plan to buy anything on board the train, and you’ll be in Europe anyways, you’ll want to use a card that waives foreign transaction fees.
Is it cheaper to fly or take Eurostar?
The answer to this question depends on how far in advance you purchase your ticket, your day of travel, whether you need to pay for luggage, and the difference in costs between traveling to the airport and to a Eurostar train station.
Here’s a sampling of Eurostar fares in September 2024 from London to Paris.
Here’s a selection of flights from London to Paris on the same day.
Although the cheapest flight is $13 less than the train, bag fees are not included in that price. And since Eurostar stations are generally more centrally located, your overall cost may be cheaper on the train after factoring in a rideshare or taxi to the airport.
Eurostar recapped
Eurostar offers a convenient way to travel between the U.K., Belgium, Netherlands, France and Germany. If you’re deciding whether to fly or take a Eurostar, factor in the cost, travel time (including the time spent getting to and from the airport, as well as the time spent at the airport) and how many bags you’re bringing as part of your decision.
How to maximize your rewards
You want a travel credit card that prioritizes what’s important to you. Here are our picks for the best travel credit cards of 2024, including those best for:
A wholesale mortgage lender is an institution that funds mortgages and offers them through third parties, such as a bank, credit union or mortgage broker.
Wholesale mortgage lending requires the borrower to work with a middleman instead of the lender.
Wholesale lenders can offer cheaper rates and more relaxed eligibility rules compared to traditional lenders.
There are a bevy of mortgage lenders out there, but they come in two basic types: retail and wholesale. The difference is, while retail lenders work directly with individual borrowers, wholesale mortgage lenders don’t.
Instead, they fund mortgages and offer them through third parties, such as another financial institution, like a bank, credit union or other lender. Or, they partner with mortgage brokers, who work with individuals to find the right loan — sometimes at a discounted rate — and prepare the application.
Here’s what to know about wholesale lending and what to expect if you borrow money from a wholesale mortgage lender.
How wholesale lending works
In wholesale lending, the borrower typically doesn’t have direct contact with the firm putting up the money. Instead, the borrower interacts with a third party — another financial institution or professional. This party is the one the borrower applies through; it’s also the one communicating with the applicant throughout the loan’s underwriting process. But it’s the wholesale lender that sets the mortgage options and terms.
It’s also the wholesaler who technically owns the mortgage. And, once their loans close, wholesale lenders typically sell them in the secondary mortgage market to free up capital to fund more mortgages.
Because they don’t do consumer advertising and marketing, and don’t have to employ customer reps, wholesale mortgage lenders often offer more competitive rates and more flexible loan options and requirements than retail lenders.
Wholesale vs. retail mortgage lenders
The major differences between wholesale and retail mortgage lenders:
Middleman presence: Wholesale lenders don’t deal directly with borrowers; they operate behind the financing scenes. In contrast, retail lenders connect with borrowers directly.
Limited home loan options: Wholesaler lenders typically have fairly narrow home loan offerings. However, when working with a retail lender (such as a bank or credit union), borrowers can usually pick from multiple home loan products, which are underwritten, serviced and funded in-house by the lender.
Additional financial products: Wholesale mortgage lending companies exclusively focus on home loans. Retail lenders tend to offer other financial products as well, like lines of credit, checking accounts and business loans.
The role of mortgage brokers in wholesale lending
If you’re interested in easy comparison shopping and having someone who can walk you through the lending process, the mortgage broker-and-wholesale lender route might be a good fit for you.
Mortgage brokers typically have existing relationships with wholesale lenders. They act as the lender’s loan officer, in a sense. You’ll work with the broker to complete each step in the application process. Once your application is ready for review, the broker will coordinate with the wholesale lender’s underwriting team for approval.
The broker’s role doesn’t stop with assisting the prospective borrower with their mortgage application. They also work to find you the best deal on a mortgage. Since they can shop your information around to their wholesale lender contacts, you could secure more competitive rates and terms than you would if shopping for a home loan independently. Often, they’ll present you with several options, and help you decide among them.
Wholesale mortgage lending process
Below is an overview of what to expect if you decide to go the wholesale lender route via a mortgage broker:
Step 1: Connect with the mortgage broker to complete a loan application and gather documentation the wholesale lender needs to make a decision.
Step 2: The mortgage broker confirms your application is complete and submits it to the wholesale lender for review.
Step 3: Upon receipt, a member of the wholesale lender’s underwriting team analyzes your loan application, along with the supporting documentation, and verifies the entries to make a lending decision.
Step 4: If your application is approved, the mortgage broker provides you with a commitment letter from the wholesale lender detailing the loan terms and any applicable conditions.
Step 5: The mortgage broker coordinates with the wholesale lender to close your home loan. If there are any conditions the borrower must satisfy for the loan to finalize, the mortgage broker notifies the borrower during this step.
Step 6: Once all conditions are met, the wholesale lender issues the “clear to close” to the mortgage broker, and the broker notifies the borrower. The borrower sends their down payment and the funds for closing costs (which include the broker’s fee if applicable) to the title company shortly before closing.
Step 7: At closing, the borrower signs the loan documents to finalize their end of the transaction.
Step 8: The wholesale lender funds the home loan.
Pros and cons of wholesale mortgage lending
If you’re considering wholesale mortgage lending, keep these pros and cons in mind to guide your decision:
Pros of wholesale mortgage lending
Potentially less stringent eligibility guidelines
Potentially more competitive rates and flexible loan terms
Personalized support from a mortgage broker
Cons of wholesale mortgage lending
No direct contact with the lender
Mortgage broker fees (if applicable)
Higher likelihood of loan sell-off following closing
The top wholesale mortgage lenders in 2023
Here are the 10 U.S. lenders doing the most wholesale mortgage business as of 2023. They are ranked by dollar volume of their wholesale mortgage operations (some of them also do retail).
Lender
Wholesale volume (billions)
% of business that’s wholesale
Source: The Scotsman Guide
United Wholesale Mortgage
$12.29
100
Newrez LLC / Caliber Home Loans
$11
15
loanDepot
$8.23
12
Pennymac
$6.94
6
Paramount Residential Mortgage Group
$3.89
36
Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions
$3.22
94
CMG Home Loans
$3.19
15
Change Lending
$2.93
44
A&D Mortgage
$2.70
79
LoanStream Mortgage
$2.61
95
Is wholesale mortgage lending right for you?
Getting a loan from a wholesale mortgage lender might be a good option if your credit history is less than stellar or unique, since a mortgage broker or other third party has a relationship with the lender and could get you approved under less strict requirements. Because they don’t have to spend a lot on advertising, loan officers and overhead, wholesale lenders might offer better terms and charge fewer or smaller closing costs.
However, since you’re not directly in touch with a wholesale lender, communication could be slower, and seem more mysterious. Most mortgage brokers work on commission but some also charge you a fee. Be sure to compare this cost to those of other lenders as you weigh your options.
A central counterparty clearing house (CCP), or Central Counterparty, is a financial institution that facilitates trading activities in European equity and derivative markets. Regional banks typically operate CCPs which are an important part of the international financial system.
CCPs maintain stability and efficiency across financial markets and reduce risks including counterparty, default, and market risks. In the United States, CCPs are called Derivatives Clearing Organizations (DCO) and are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
Defining Central Counterparty Clearing Houses
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) defines a CCP as “a clearing house that interposes itself between counterparties to contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer and thereby ensuring the future performance of open contracts.” The Eurex is a well known CCP.
Central Counterparty Clearing Houses act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers in financial transactions. They handle clearing and settlements in various types of securities and derivatives transactions to reduce credit risk in the markets. Clearinghouses have existed for more than a century, and act as a way to reduce the risk of OTC derivative transactions.
💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.
How Central Counterparty Clearing Houses Work
Central Counterparty Clearing Houses guarantee trade terms for buyers and sellers. They help reduce risk for investors by taking on credit risk involved in transactions, so even if a buyer or seller defaults on a transaction the other party doesn’t have as much loss as they might have without the CCP.
When buyers and sellers enter into transactions, they each deposit money with the CCP to cover the amount of the transaction. All CCP users must have a margin account.
In a process called “novation,” the CCP enters into two different contracts, one with the buyer and one with the seller. This provides a guarantee to the other party that if one side doesn’t follow through with the agreement the other side will still receive payment. CCPs typically use margin calls to settle trades if one party does not have the funds in their account.
If the trade falls through, the CCP completes the trade at the current market price. CCPs are for-profit businesses that generate revenue from their members and their transactions. They also work with parent exchanges that require them to remain profitable. Just like other types of businesses, CCPs each operate differently and have different business strategies to attract customers and earn revenue.
For instance, there are different types of derivative products that a CCP might choose to offer. One common business model for CCPs is to cross-margin products in a single netting pool. Parent exchanges place obligations on CCPs, so they need to earn enough revenue to meet those.
The specific financial products offered by a CCP, as well as its risk level, fee structure, and other features lead to different types of members, organizational structure, regulations, and rules for margin balances.
CCPs continue to evolve, offer new products, and become more sophisticated over time. Regulations are also evolving for CCPs which may change how they operate in the future.
Uses of a Central Counterparty Clearing House
CCPs maintain the anonymity of investors’ identities to protect their privacy. They also maintain the privacy of trading firms from buyers and sellers by using electronic order books and protect brokerage firms from the risk of buyers and sellers defaulting on their end of options such as calls or puts.
Another use of CCPs is to lower the number of transactions settled in order to move funds efficiently between investors.
💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.
CCP Members
Financial institutions that want to clear trades through a central counterparty can become members of a particular CCP. Membership allows them to reduce credit risk for their customers and themselves. There are CCPs for different types of financial transactions, so financial institutions can choose the appropriate CCP to apply to for their needs.
CCPs want members that have a significant transaction volume, are creditworthy, and have a trading operation that works efficiently with the system run by the CCP. CCPs also want members to contribute funds to their default fund and secure collateral for their transactions. Each CCP has somewhat different criteria and requirements for membership, and membership information is not always publicly available.
Pros and Cons of CCPs
There are benefits and drawbacks to CCPs. Here are a few important ones to understand:
Pros
CCPs benefit investors in the following ways:
• Reduce counterparty risk
• Maintain stability in financial markets
• Increase efficiency of transactions
• Maintains privacy of customers
Cons
There are also some drawbacks to CCPs for investors, including the following:
• Participation fees
• May not be able to process non-standard transactions
• Some CCPs may not have adequate scale
CCPs and Blockchain
CCPs are now being used with blockchain technology, made popular in cryptocurrency markets, to further reduce risk and costs. An international group of clearing houses launched the Post Trade Distributed Ledger Group launched in 2015. The group studies ways to use blockchain technology for transactions.
Since its formation, the group has expanded to include about 40 global financial institutions collaborating to bring CCPs together with blockchain. The goal of using blockchain technology with CCPs is to reduce margin requirements and risk, reduce operational costs, improve regulatory oversight, and increase the efficiency of trade settlements. Ideally blockchain can help support better settlements, clearing processes, and reporting.
Decentralized exchanges already operate similarly to CCPs as a third party that handles transactions.
The Takeaway
Central counterparty clearing houses help reduce the risk of trading derivatives and securities. They became more popular after the financial crisis as a way for investors to minimize counterparty risk.
While CCPs may help maintain stability in financial markets and increase efficiency, they may also involve participation fees, or may not be able to process non-standard transactions. Understanding the ins and outs of CCPs can be helpful to investors as they learn to navigate the markets.
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For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.
FAQ
What is the difference between a clearing house and a central counterparty?
While a CCP acts as a clearing house for transactions, it has an additional step involved before doing so. The two parties involved in a transaction agree upon transaction terms, then the CCP must agree to the terms before they clear the transaction.
What is the CCP margin?
CCPs require customers to make collateral deposits, known as margin deposits, before entering into transactions. This provides them with funds they can use to guarantee trades in the event that one party defaults on an agreement. The initial margin required depends on the customer, the type of financial product, and the particular trade agreement.
Does central clearing reduce counterparty risk?
Central clearing reduces counterparty risk by guaranteeing trades for buyers and sellers. They take on the credit risk involved in transactions by becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer.
Photo credit: iStock/vm
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Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes. *Borrow at 10%. Utilizing a margin loan is generally considered more appropriate for experienced investors as there are additional costs and risks associated. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment when using margin. Please see SoFi.com/wealth/assets/documents/brokerage-margin-disclosure-statement.pdf for detailed disclosure information. Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.
Breeze Airways is a domestic carrier that primarily serves regional airports in the eastern United States, giving it a niche market. The same is true, then, for the airline’s co-branded credit card, the Breeze Easy Visa Signature. Issued by Barclays, the card will be a practical pick only for those who live near an airport that carries Breeze flights.
Even then, the card has a substantial annual fee that may turn away everyone but frequent Breeze customers.
Here’s what you need to know about the Breeze Easy Visa Signature credit card.
1. Breeze Airways runs limited routes
Breeze is a budget airline with routes serving 56 cities in 29 states, as of April 2024. If your home airport doesn’t service Breeze flights, you probably don’t have much use for the Breeze Easy credit card.
2. Perks fall a little short given the annual fee
The Breeze card has an $89 annual fee. In exchange for that, cardholders get a few perks including priority boarding for cardholders and their travel companions, as well as free inflight Wi-Fi on Airbus planes. (There’s no foreign transaction fee either, although that’s table stakes for a travel card.)
Breeze cardholders can get 7,500 bonus points each card anniversary, but those points are contingent on spending at least $10,000 per year with the card. For comparison, the $95-annual-fee Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card awards anniversary points regardless of your annual spending amount.
Another disappointment is the absence of a free checked bag, which is common among airline cards with similar annual fees. The only way to check bags for free on a Breeze flight is to purchase a more expensive ticket — but more on that in the next section.
3. Rewards are mostly based on seating tiers
A Breeze ticket comes in four varieties. In order of least to most expensive:
No Flex Fare. Only one personal item allowed.
Nice Bundle. One personal item and one carry-on allowed.
Nicer Bundle. One personal item, one carry-on, one free checked bag and free in-flight Wi-Fi.
Nicest Bundle. One personal item, one carry-on, two free checked bags and free in-flight Wi-Fi.
The Breeze Easy Visa Signature card earns rewards on all ticket types except the No Flex Fare. The card earns:
Up to 10x BreezePoints for Nicer Bundles, Nicest Bundles, and trip add-ons such as premium seating, additional checked bags, and in-flight snacks and drinks.
Up to 4x BreezePoints on Nice Bundles.
2x BreezePoints on eligible grocery store and restaurant purchases including in-flight food and drinks. Purchases at Target, Walmart and warehouse clubs aren’t eligible.
1x BreezePoints on all other purchases.
The excellent rewards rates on flights are possible because they stack on top of rewards earned through Breeze Airways’ loyalty program, Breezy Rewards. For example, you’d get 5x points for booking a Nicer Bundler with your Breeze credit card and then 5x points through the loyalty program once the flight is completed.
BreezePoints are not capped and never expire.
🤓Nerdy Tip
As of this writing, you can get 500 BreezePoints by downloading the Breeze app.
4. The sign-up bonus is decent
The Breeze card has a sign-up bonus of 50,000 BreezePoints for new cardholders who spend $2,000 in the first 90 days of account opening. One BreezePoint is worth 1 cent for all redemption options including Breeze fares and trip add-ons, so the credit card’s welcome offer is worth $500.
5. Redemption options are narrow
BreezePoints may only be redeemed for more Breeze flights. While not a dealbreaker for those who enjoy flying Breeze, cardholders should nevertheless know that popular redemption options like statement credits and gift cards are not available with the Breeze credit card, nor does Breeze currently have any airline or hotel transfer partners.
Paying for groceries comes with some sticker shock these days. No matter what you fill your shopping cart with, you’re bound to feel some pain at the checkout aisle.
But creating a sensible grocery budget can help you take back control. Of course, the more realistic your budget is, the more likely you’ll be to follow it. So, identifying a reasonable amount to spend is your first step.
Next is learning a few smart ways to save, including knowing when and how to splurge. You can also explore getting rewards for the food you buy—like how a Discover® Cashback Debit account can provide a bonus for every dollar you spend.
It all comes together to make budgeting for groceries an achievable and helpful goal.
Earn cash back with your debit card
Discover Bank, Member FDIC
Rising costs hit your grocery budget where it hurts
It’s no secret that food costs have soared in recent years. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), food-at-home prices rose 5% from 2022 to 2023 and an even more significant 11.4% from 2021 to 2022—both increases are well above the prior 20-year annual average growth of 2.5%.
And high prices aren’t likely to go away anytime soon. The good news is that compared to eating out, preparing your own food already puts you one step closer to spending less. The next thing you need to decide is exactly how much you can afford to spend when you shop.
Unfortunately, there isn’t one figure for how much is typically budgeted for food. That’s because families vary in size, and individual grocery needs can fluctuate depending on diet, age, lifestyle, and location.
However, the USDA publishes annual reports on monthly food budgets based on gender and age. It also separates the plans into four cost categories: thrifty, low-cost, moderate-cost, and liberal.
For example, according to the USDA’s thrifty food plan for January 2024, the average weekly grocery budget (in the continental U.S.) for a single male ages 20-50 was $70.10 but only $55.90 for a similar-aged single female. For families, the thrifty food plan comes in at an average weekly cost of $225.20 for two adults and two young children.
While this USDA spending data isn’t a one-size-fits-all recommendation, it can be a helpful starting point for grocery shopping on a budget.
Your grocery budget is set; now stick to it
Going over budget on groceries is an unappetizing prospect for most shoppers. But, sticking to your budget can be difficult in certain situations—such as when you entertain guests or experiment with new recipes. That’s why it’s important to make these five key strategies part of your routine:
1. Create a detailed shopping list
Planning your meals in advance is helpful because it can establish a ballpark cost for each grocery run. If one or more of your recipes ends up breaking the budget, you can consider swapping it for a more economical alternative.
2. Check for deals and discounts
Yes, you can still use paper and digital coupons to help you save when you shop. Another option is to sign up for members-only deals at your local grocery store. Doing so can help keep costs down, and there’s usually no fee for being a member.
3. Buy in bulk
Opting to buy in larger quantities usually translates into a lower cost per item, which is handy for things you use frequently or items with a long shelf life. Jumbo packs of toilet paper can help you save (if you have the room), but big bags of fresh avocados will likely lead to waste—of both food and money.
Tip: If you find yourself frequently throwing out expired food or other items, check out this guide to a zero-waste lifestyle.
4. Don’t snub store brands
The quality of today’s store brands has come a long way over the past decade, and many of these lower-cost products are worth trying.
5. Pay with a debit card that pays you back
With the Discover Cashback Debit card, for example, you can earn 1% cash back1 on up to $3,000 in debit card purchases every month.
To splurge or not to splurge?
If you want to treat yourself to premium items now and then, you can probably snag a couple of luxury groceries without blowing your weekly budget. However, those few small indulgences can add up if you’re not careful—so scout for deals that still fit your grocery budget.
And remember, certain grocery items tend to inflate the tab even when you only purchase a relatively small amount. Think imported/specialty foods and alcohol. (Word to the wise: Taxes on spirits may be higher than on beer and wine.)
Proceed to checkout
Grocery shopping on a budget won’t look the same for every shopper. However, getting some practice for how to grocery shop on a budget can reduce stress when it comes time to pay for other necessities like rent, utilities, clothing, and transportation.
And like most things, the grocery budget you set isn’t carved in stone. Review and revise your grocery spending often to see if there are additional ways to save or cut back on food waste. Bon appétit!
If you’ve ever struggled to create a budget, you’re not alone. Check out these 5 basic budgeting tips that can help you get started, even if making (or sticking to) budgets hasn’t worked for you in the past.
The information provided herein is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be construed as professional advice. Nothing contained in this article shall give rise to, or be construed to give rise to, any obligation or liability whatsoever on the part of Discover Bank or its affiliates.
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Articles may contain information from third parties. The inclusion of such information does not imply an affiliation with the bank or bank sponsorship, endorsement, or verification regarding the third party or information.
A prepaid debit card isn’t connected to your bank account. Instead, you buy the card from an authorized retailer, activate it, and then load money onto it.
Cash is king, but not everyone wants to carry a wallet full of cash wherever they go. You could always use a debit card or a credit card, but what if you don’t want to share your personal information with another financial institution?
A prepaid debit card may be the way to go. Learn more about how prepaid debit cards work and how they’re different from standard debit and credit cards.
What Is a Prepaid Debit Card?
A prepaid debit card, also known as a stored-value card, is a payment card that looks like a traditional debit card. The main difference between the two is that a prepaid debit card has money loaded onto it, while a debit card draws from the money you have in your bank account.
How Do Prepaid Debit Cards Work vs. Traditional Debit Cards?
When you use a traditional debit card, you’re spending money from your checking or savings account. If you don’t have enough funds to cover the transaction, your bank may allow the transaction, leaving you with a negative account balance. You may even have to pay an insufficient funds fee for the privilege of using your debit card to spend more money than you have in your account.
A prepaid debit card isn’t connected to your bank account. Instead, you buy the card from an authorized retailer, activate it, and then load money onto it. Some companies allow you to load money at the store, while others require you to use direct deposit, add funds online, or call a toll-free number.
Advantages of Using Prepaid Debit Cards
Prepaid debit cards have several advantages. One of the best reasons to use one is that you can’t overspend. If you load $100, you can only spend $100, so there’s no risk of overdrafting your bank account.
Carrying a prepaid debit card also makes it easy to pay for purchases. You can use a prepaid debit card just like a traditional debit card, eliminating the need to carry cash or buy merchandise with a credit card.
Some people avoid banks because they don’t want other people to see how much money they have. Others don’t qualify for bank accounts due to past financial challenges. For example, someone with a history of overdrafting accounts may not be eligible for a checking account with some institutions. Prepaid debit cards give the “unbanked” a way to participate in the economy without having a bank account.
Potential Challenges of Using a Prepaid Debit Card
Although prepaid debit cards have several benefits, you also need to be aware of some potential challenges. If you lose your card, you need to report it lost or stolen right away. Otherwise, the person who finds it may spend your entire balance before you even realize the card is missing.
Another disadvantage of using prepaid debit cards is that you don’t receive monthly statements. Some companies allow you to track your balance online, while others send text messages with your balance details. This makes it a little more difficult to track your spending.
Finally, you need to watch out for fees and service charges. Depending on which card you choose, fees and service charges may eat up a large portion of your balance. For example, some cards charge an activation fee, a monthly service fee, an inactivity fee, and a fee for every purchase you make.
If the activation fee is $3.95, the monthly service fee is $5, and you get charged $1 every time you make a purchase, you can easily use up a $50 card in one or two months. The more purchases you make, the faster your balance decreases.
Prepaid Debit Cards vs. Credit Cards
Although prepaid debit cards are similar to credit cards, there are a few key differences. For example, a prepaid debit card lets you spend money you already have. If you load $200 onto a prepaid debit card, you can spend $200.
In contrast, a credit card allows you to spend against a line of credit offered by a bank or another financial institution. When you make a purchase, you’re not spending your money—you’re spending the bank’s money. If you have a credit card, you have to make minimum monthly payments to keep your account in good standing.
Additionally, if you don’t make your credit card payment on time, the issuer may charge you a late fee. If the payment is late enough, they may even report you to the credit bureaus, causing your credit scores to decrease. If you have poor credit due to past late payments, start working to repair your credit to get your finances in order.
In most cases, cosigners are not listed on the title unless they are also listed as co-owners of the vehicle. Typically, it depends on the laws and regulations of your specific jurisdiction.
If you’re having trouble getting a car loan, using a cosigner could help. Before you take this step, it’s important to understand what a cosigner is and how having one on your car loan works. For instance, is a cosigner on the title of a vehicle?
It’s crucial to understand the role cosigners play when purchasing a vehicle. In this article, we’ll cover what you need to know about using a cosigner and the impact it could have on your credit and vehicle ownership.
What Is a Cosigner?
A cosigner is a person, usually a close friend or family member, who agrees to be responsible for repaying your car loan if you fail to do so. Lenders are more willing to approve a car loan with a cosigner because it reduces the risk of nonpayment.
During the application process, the cosigner provides their information, including their name, income details, and Social Security number. The lender uses this information to check their creditworthiness when considering the loan. Even if you have bad credit or no credit, you may still be approved for an auto loan based on your cosigner’s credit history.
Once approved for a loan, both you and your cosigner are listed as borrowers. Additionally, both parties must sign all paperwork associated with the loan. Signing these loan documents makes both you and your cosigner responsible for repaying the loan.
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In most cases, the cosigner isn’t listed on the title of the vehicle. The cosigner only pertains to the financial portion of the transaction and is not an owner of the car.
This makes it a risky transaction for the cosigner because while they’re financially responsible for the car loan, they don’t receive any benefits (aside from potentially helping their credit). This means that if the actual owner of the car fails to make payments, the cosigner could end up paying off the loan without having any ownership of the car.
Cosigners who are hesitant to make this type of commitment may request that their name be on the title of the vehicle as added protection. In some cases, a cosigner’s name may be added to the title. However, this must be done during the initial lending process as most creditors aren’t willing to make this change after the loan documents are signed.
In many cases, if a cosigner insists their name be listed on the title, it becomes a co-ownership process rather than a cosigner. In these cases, both parties are part of the lending and purchasing process. Depending on how the title of the vehicle is handled, the original purchaser of the car may have trouble selling the vehicle without the co-owner’s permission.
Impact on Owner’s Credit
If you have bad or limited credit, using a cosigner on a car loan can have a positive impact on your credit score—as long as you make your loan payments on time each month.
Your payment history accounts for up to 35% of your overall FICO® credit score, making it extremely important. Because many car lenders do report payments to the major credit reporting agencies, including TransUnion®, Equifax®, and Experian®, consistent, on-time payments can really help improve your credit.
However, if you miss one or more payments or frequently make late payments, it can have the opposite effect on your credit. It’s crucial that you set a realistic budget before you start shopping for cars.
Obtaining a car loan can also help diversify your credit, especially if you don’t already have an installment loan, such as a home mortgage or personal loan. Your credit mix can account for up to 10% of your FICO credit score. So, building a good mix of credit and maintaining a good payment history can help improve your credit health.
Impact on Cosigner’s Credit
Before agreeing to be a cosigner for a car loan, you should consider the impact this decision could have on your credit.
Applying for a car loan will incur one or more hard inquiries on your credit. This factor could temporarily hurt your credit.
As a cosigner, the entire debt of the car loan appears on your credit report. This new loan will likely increase your credit utilization ratio, which could negatively impact your credit score. Most experts recommend keeping this ratio below 30% if possible. Before you sign for the loan, take the time to calculate your credit utilization and make sure that even with the addition of a new loan, your rate is below this threshold.
Finally, if the owner of the car makes on-time payments every month, cosigning this loan can have a positive impact on your credit. However, if your credit is high enough to be a cosigner, you may already have a strong payment history. In this case, being a cosigner likely won’t have a big impact on your credit.
However, if the owner fails to make payments or makes late payments, it could impact both your credit and your wallet. Because your payment history accounts for as much as 35% of your overall FICO credit score, just a few missed payments could have a significant impact on your credit. Additionally, if the owner fails to make payments, you’re then responsible for making them—even if that means paying off the remainder of the loan. You should never cosign for a car loan unless you can comfortably make these payments.
Alternative Options
Before asking someone to be a cosigner, you should consider other options, such as:
Making a bigger down payment. If you’re having trouble securing a car loan, consider offering a bigger down payment. This may help you get the car you want by lowering the risk to the lender.
Looking for cheaper cars. If you don’t qualify for a new car, consider buying a used car. Most consumers can find some type of car loan even with bad credit—it just may be for a car of lower value.
Requesting a personal loan. If your friends or family members are hesitant to cosign a loan for you, maybe they can loan you the money to buy a more affordable car. This step could be less risky for the lender.
Building your credit. If buying a car isn’t an emergency, you can take time to build your credit and apply for a car loan later.
The first step to improving your credit is to check your credit score and report, and then you can take the necessary steps for your situation specifically. Credit.com’s Free Credit Report Card or ExtraCredit® subscription can help you get started with this process.