Over one-quarter of the consumer respondents to a Mphasis Digital Risk survey admit they are willing to bend the truth in order to lower the cost of buying a home.
This could be considered shocking, even as the causes of the Great Financial Crisis fade further into memory. Among the roots of that late-2000s debacle was misstatements on mortgage applications, especially with certain products like no income/no asset verification loans that encouraged deceptiveness, also known as “liar loans.”
Even with tighter product underwriting standards as a result, lenders cannot rest on their laurels when it comes to the possibility of deceptive information in an application or related documents.
The survey was conducted in November on a broad range of housing topics and garnered approximately 1,600 responses.
And that timing might be part of the reason why that question garnered those responses, as mortgage rates were approaching 8% for the 30-year fixed, and home prices were (and are) still rising with a competitive market driven by the inventory shortage, impacting affordability, noted Kimberly Lanham, senior vice president of marketing and client relations. The most recent Freddie Mac survey put the 30-year at 6.62%.
People were doing what “they can in the gray area of getting a lower rate, or somehow figuring out how to get their offer accepted,” Lanham said.
The question also was about the cost of buying a house, not necessarily that of getting a mortgage, said James Jajtner, vice president, operations and managers due diligence at Mphasis Digital Risk.
“There’s checks and balances that go into place when you are trying to get an appraised value, when you’re completing that sales contract,” Jajtner said. It shows the importance for lenders, especially third party originators, to stay on top of their guidelines and have those external checks as part of the process, especially if the loan is being securitized.
In a follow up question about what would they do if someone during the mortgage lending process advised them to enter inaccurate or misleading information in order to improve your chances of approval or achieve better terms, less than half, 41%, unequivocally answered they would disagree and not follow along.
Slightly more than 16% admitted they would follow along, and 20% would seek other opinions. Almost 14% said they would ask for an attorney’s advice, while 7.66% claimed they didn’t know what they would do.
Another question could be as much as about consumer loyalty to their lender and using them for their next loan as it might mean for views on underwriting.
When asked if the lender cared about you and your ability to pay off the mortgage in a timely manner, 29.6% said somewhat and 20.9% responded not at all. Just 23.4% said the lender cared very much. The remaining 26% do not have a mortgage.
But the good news, Lanham noted, is that no tick up in mortgage fraud is taking place right now.
“The reason that we’ve been able to kind of weather the interest rate storm that we’ve been having for the past couple of years, even through the craziness of COVID is because underwriting standards were so shored up and so many checks and balances were put in place that we are still seeing very safe, correctly underwritten loans,” said Lanham.
The mortgage loan critical defect rate, a marker that consumers and/or industry insiders might be making deliberate misrepresentations on applications, declined 6 basis points in the second quarter of 2023 to 1.78%, a report issued in mid-December by Aces Quality Management stated.
Defects related to income and employment remained by far the single largest source of misrepresentations, at a 31.25% share in the second quarter, slightly down from 31.5% in the first quarter.
The second most cited category was assets, at just under 16%.
“At a time when every loan originated matters, lenders are taking quality control seriously and doing all they can to prevent buyback requests from the government-sponsored enterprises,” said Aces Executive Vice President Nick Volpe in a press release. “Critical defect rates continue to trend in the right direction, and now, with interest rates trending down at the time of this report, we’re looking forward to seeing lenders maintain high loan quality as the market once again changes.”
Mphasis Digital Risk’s Jajtner agreed. “I think we’re going to be coming into a really solid 2024 from an originations standpoint,” with mortgage rates likely to decline fueling activity.
It is up to participants across the board, from lenders, to aggregators and securitizers, that “everything is up to par from an operational standpoint just to ensure that we can originate, review and securitize safe, complete, accurate loans,” Jajtner said.
For those who are at or getting close to retirement age and are looking for ways to rev up their cash flow, a reverse mortgage may seem like a wise move. After all, the TV ads make them look like a simple solution to pump up the money in one’s checking account.
A reverse mortgage can be a way to translate your home equity into cash, but, you guessed it: There are downsides along with the benefits. Whether or not to take out a reverse mortgage requires careful thought and research.
Here, you’ll learn the pros and cons to these loans, so you can decide if it’s the right move for you and your financial situation.
Reverse Mortgages 101
There are many different types of mortgages out there. Here are the basics of how reverse mortgages work.
• A reverse mortgage is a loan offered to people who are 62 or older and own their principal residence outright or have paid off a significant amount of their mortgage. You usually need to have at least 50% equity in your home, and typically can borrow up to 60% (or more, but not 100%) of the home’s appraised value.
• The lender uses your home as collateral in order to offer you the loan, although you retain the title. The loan and interest do not have to be repaid until the last surviving borrower moves out permanently or dies. A nonborrowing spouse may be able to remain in the home after the borrower moves into a health care facility for more than 12 consecutive months or dies.
• Here’s another aspect of how reverse mortgages work: Fees and interest on the loan mean that over time, the loan balance increases and home equity decreases.
• You may see reverse mortgages referred to as HECMs, which stands for Home Equity Conversion Mortgage. This is a popular, federally insured option.
💡 Quick Tip: Buying a home shouldn’t be aggravating. SoFi’s online mortgage application is quick and simple, with dedicated Mortgage Loan Officers to guide you through the process.
Pros of Reverse Mortgages
A reverse mortgage offers older Americans the opportunity to turn what may be their largest asset — their home — into spendable cash. There are a variety of ways in which this can be attractive.
Securing Retirement
Many seniors find themselves with a fair amount of their net worth rolled up in their home but without many income streams. A reverse mortgage is a relatively accessible way to cover living expenses in retirement.
Paying Off the Existing Home Loan
While you have to have some of your home loan paid down in order to qualify for a reverse mortgage, any remaining mortgage balance is paid off with reverse mortgage proceeds. This, in turn, can free up more cash for other expenses.
No Need to Move
Those who take out reverse mortgages are allowed to remain in their homes and keep the title to their home the entire time. For established seniors who aren’t eager to pick up and move somewhere new — or downsize — to lower expenses, this feature can be a major benefit.
No Tax Liability
While most forms of retirement funding, like money from a traditional 401(k) or IRA, are considered income by the IRS, and are thus taxable, money you receive from a reverse mortgage is considered a loan advance, which means it’s not.
Heirs Have Options
Heirs can sell the home, buy the home, or turn the home over to the lender. If they choose to keep the home, under HECM rules, they will have to either repay the full loan balance or 95% of the home’s appraised value, whichever is less.
Thanks to FHA backing, if the home ends up being worth less than the remaining balance, heirs are not required to pay back the difference, though they’d lose the house unless they chose to pay off the reverse mortgage or refinance the home.
Recommended: Guide to Cost of Living by State
Cons of Reverse Mortgages
As attractive as all of that may sound, reverse mortgages carry risks, some of which are pretty serious.
Heirs Could Inherit a Loss
While heirs may not be forced to pay the shortfall of an upside-down reverse mortgage, inheriting a home in that scenario could come as an unpleasant surprise. Keeping a home in the family is an accessible way to build generational wealth and ensure that heirs have a home base for the future. Therefore, the potential for them to lose — or have to refinance — the house can be painful.
Losing Your Home to Foreclosure
Unfortunately, losing your house with a reverse mortgage is a possibility. You’ll still be required to pay property taxes, any HOA fees, homeowners insurance, and for all repairs, along with your regular living expenses, and if you can’t, even with the reverse mortgage proceeds, the house can go into foreclosure.
Reverse Mortgages Are Complicated
As you probably realize this far into an article explaining the pros and cons of reverse mortgages, these loans aren’t exactly simple. Even if you understand the basics, there may be caveats or exceptions written into the documentation.
Before applying for an HECM, you must meet with a counselor from a HUD-approved housing counseling agency. The counselor is required to explain the loan’s costs and options to an HECM, such as nonprofit programs, or a single-purpose reverse mortgage (whose proceeds fund a single, lender-approved purpose) or proprietary reverse mortgages (private loans, whose proceeds can be used for any purpose).
Impacts on Other Retirement Benefits
Although your reverse mortgage “income” stream isn’t taxable, it may affect Medicaid or Supplemental Security Income benefits, because those are needs-based programs. (Proceeds do not affect Social Security or Medicare, which are non-means-tested programs.)
Costs of Reverse Mortgages
Like just about every other loan product out there, reverse mortgages come at a cost. You’ll pay:
• A lender origination fee
• Closing costs
• An initial and annual mortgage insurance premium charged by your lender and paid to the FHA, guaranteeing that you will receive your expected loan advances.
These can be rolled into the loan, but doing so will lower the amount of money you’ll get in the reverse mortgage.
Reverse Mortgage Requirements
Not everyone is eligible to take out a reverse mortgage. While specific requirements vary by lender, generally speaking, you must meet the following:
• You must be 62 or older
• You must own your home outright (or have paid down a considerable amount of your primary mortgage)
• You must stay current on property expenses such as property taxes and homeowners insurance
• You must pass eligibility screening, including a credit check and other financial qualifications
Recommended: How Homeownership Can Help Build Generational Wealth
Is a Reverse Mortgage Right for You?
While everyone interested in a reverse mortgage needs to weigh the pros and cons for themselves, there are some instances when this type of loan might work well for you:
• The value of your home has increased significantly over time. If you’ve built a lot of equity in your home, you probably have more wiggle room than others to take out a reverse mortgage and still have some equity left over for heirs.
• You don’t plan to move. With the costs associated with initiating a reverse mortgage, it probably doesn’t make sense to take one out if you plan to leave your home in the next few years.
• You’re able to comfortably afford the rest of your required living expenses. As discussed, if you fall delinquent on your homeowners insurance, flood insurance, HOA fees, or property taxes, you could lose your home to foreclosure under a reverse mortgage.
There are options to consider. They include a cash-out refinance, home equity loan, home equity line of credit, and downsizing to pocket some cash.
The Takeaway
A reverse mortgage may be a way to turn your home equity into spendable cash if you’re a qualified older American, but there are important risks to consider before taking one out. While reverse mortgages can free up funds, they are complicated, can involve fees, and can wind up putting your home into foreclosure if you can’t keep up with payments.
Reverse mortgages are just one of many different mortgage types out there — all of which can be useful under the right circumstances. SoFi doesn’t offer reverse mortgages at this time but has an array of home loan products that may meet your needs.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Mortgage interest rates inched up this week, following nine straight declines totaling a decrease of 118 basis points (1.18%).
The average 30-year fixed rate mortgage (FRM) rose from 6.61% on Dec. 28 to 6.62% on Jan. 4, according to Freddie Mac.
“Given the expectation of rate cuts this year from the Federal Reserve, as well as receding inflationary pressures, we expect mortgage rates will continue to drift downward as the year unfolds,” said Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s Chief Economist.
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Will mortgage rates go down in January?
Mortgage rates fluctuated significantly in 2023, with the average 30-year fixed rate going as low as 6.09% on Feb. 2 and as high as 7.79% on Oct. 26, according to Freddie Mac.
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The range can be largely attributed to the Federal Reserve’s ongoing fight against inflation, juxtaposed with uncertainty in the banking sector sparked by Silicon Valley Bank’s collapse. However, with duress permeating the financial market and the fallout from U.S. debt ceiling talks, the Fed may continue making hikes to bring interest rates down.
With the economy likely heading into a recession, it’s possible we’ve already seen the peak of this rate cycle. Of course, interest rates are notoriously volatile and could tick back up on any given week.
Experts from CoreLogic, Home Qualified, Realtor.com and others weigh in on whether 30-year mortgage rates will climb, fall, or level off in January.
Expert mortgage rate predictions for January
Craig Berry, branch manager at Acopia Home Loans
Prediction: Rates will moderate
“As inflation is the no. 1 item on the Federal Reserve’s radar right now, the Feds may choose not to lower the federal funds rate until inflation comes down. And, while Fed rate cuts aren’t a must-have in order for mortgage rates to come down, interest rates are affected by the federal funds rate.
The Feds continue to seek a balance between inflation and maximum employment so as not to cause significant damage to the economy which could trigger a recession. Recent momentum has been positive, and as long inflation cooperates, mortgage rates may see a slight decline in January. However, it isn’t likely that we’ll see significant drops to longer-term rates until we get further into 2024.”
Ralph DiBugnara, president at Home Qualified
Prediction: Rates will fall
“Rates finally shifted down some in December and stabilized lower. U.S. payrolls came in lower than anticipated, unemployment was up and building of new homes was down. These are good signs that inflation may have reached its peak and could trigger a lowering of rates. I expect the Fed to stay neutral for the time being and possibly through the first quarter of the year with possible cuts coming only if we see a drastic shift in the economy. For January, I believe the average 30-year fixed will land at 7.125% and the 15-year fixed will be 6.75%.”
Selma Hepp, chief economist at CoreLogic
Prediction: Rates will fall
“Mortgage rates should continue to decline, albeit very gradually and given there are no surprises with inflation. We should see rates fall below 7% mark.”
Hannah Jones, senior economic research analyst at Realtor.com
Prediction: Rates will fall
“If inflation and employment data continue to show signs of slowing, mortgage rates are likely to ease in January, though at a slower clip than in recent weeks. As incoming data confirms that the economy is indeed cooling, the upward pressure on mortgage rates will continue to let up and buyers will enjoy lower rates than in recent months.
However, if inflation or employment data come in stronger than expected, we could see rates pick up steam once again. Investors expect the Fed to hold steady at the current target rate in next week’s meeting, which would signal the Committee’s confidence in the current policy stance to bring inflation down to the target 2%. As inflation reaches the target level, mortgage rates will continue to drift lower.”
Jess Kennedy, COO at Beeline
Prediction: Rates will fall
“We expect rates to continue to ease as we kick off 2024. You can see the signaling of a rate cut from the Fed in many ways. For example, it is harder to find long-term CDs at the higher interest rates we were seeing 45-60 days ago). Publicly traded companies are also seeing their stock prices move higher on the expectation of rate relief in 2024. All these signs signal rates start to tick down even ahead of an official rate cut.”
Odeta Kushi, deputy chief economist at First American
Prediction: Rates will fall
“In light of favorable trends in inflation and labor market data, the Federal Reserve appears to be on a path towards its goals, although achieving its 2% inflation target will take some time. Consequently, the Fed is expected to maintain a restrictive stance, which will keep mortgage rates elevated. However, given slowing inflation and a cooling labor market, and barring any unforeseen developments, modest reductions in mortgage rates are possible in January.”
Rick Sharga, CEO at CJ Patrick Company
Prediction: Rates will fall
“With inflation moving in the right direction, wage growth slowing, and the jobs market softening a bit, it seems likely that the Federal Reserve has finished rate hikes for this cycle. That, coupled with weakening bond yields, should create an environment where mortgage rates can start a gradual, but steady decline throughout 2024. January rates for 30-year fixed-rate loans will probably straddle 7% — ranging from 7.1% to about 6.9% as the market finds its footing to begin the year.”
Mortgage interest rates forecast next 90 days
As inflation ran rampant in 2022, the Federal Reserve took action to bring it down and that led to the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage spiking in 2023.
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With inflation gradually cooling, the Fed adjusted its policies with smaller and skipped hikes. Additionally, the economy showing signs of slowing has many experts believing mortgage interest rates will gradually descend in 2024.
Of course, rates could rise on any given week or if another global event causes widespread uncertainty in the economy.
Mortgage rate predictions for 2024
The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6.62%% as of Jan. 4, according to Freddie Mac. All five major housing authorities we looked at project 2024’s first quarter average to finish above that.
The National Association of Home Builders sits at the low end of the group, predicting the average 30-year fixed interest rate to settle at 7.04% for Q1. Meanwhile, Fannie Mae had the highest forecast of 7.6%.
Housing Authority
30-Year Mortgage Rate Forecast (Q1 2024)
National Association of Home Builders
6.77%
Wells Fargo
6.85%
Fannie Mae
7.00%
Mortgage Bankers Association
7.00%
National Association of Realtors
7.50%
Average Prediction
7.02%
Current mortgage interest rate trends
Mortgage rates came down for the ninth consecutive week.
The average 30-year fixed rate increased from 6.61% on Dec. 28 to 6.62% on Jan. 4 The average 15-year fixed mortgage rate fell, going from 5.93% to 5.89%.
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Month
Average 30-Year Fixed Rate
December 2022
6.36%
January 2023
6.27%
February 2023
6.26%
March 2023
6.54%
April 2023
6.34%
May 2023
6.43%
June 2023
6.71%
July 2023
6.84%
August 2023
7.07%
September 2023
7.20%
October 2023
7.62%
November 2023
7.44%
December 2023
6.82%
Source: Freddie Mac
After hitting record-low territory in 2020 and 2021, mortgage rates climbed to a 23-year high in 2023. Many experts and industry authorities believe they will follow a downward trajectory into 2024. Whatever happens, interest rates are still below historical averages.
Dating back to April 1971, the fixed 30-year interest rate averaged around 7.8%, according to Freddie Mac. So if you haven’t locked a rate yet, don’t lose too much sleep over it. You can still get a good deal, historically speaking — especially if you’re a borrower with strong credit.
Just make sure you shop around to find the best lender and lowest rate for your unique situation.
Mortgage rate trends by loan type
Many mortgage shoppers don’t realize there are different types of rates in today’s mortgage market. But this knowledge can help home buyers and refinancing households find the best value for their situation.
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Which mortgage loan is best?
The best mortgage for you depends on your financial situation and your goals.
For instance, if you want to buy a high-priced home and you have great credit, a jumbo loan is your best bet. Jumbo mortgages allow loan amounts above conforming loan limits, which max out at $ in most parts of the U.S.
On the other hand, if you’re a veteran or service member, a VA loan is almost always the right choice. VA loans are backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. They provide ultra-low rates and never charge private mortgage insurance (PMI). But you need an eligible service history to qualify.
Conforming loans and FHA loans (those backed by the Federal Housing Administration) are great low-down-payment options.
Conforming loans allow as little as 3% down with FICO scores starting at 620. FHA loans are even more lenient about credit; home buyers can often qualify with a score of 580 or higher, and a less-than-perfect credit history might not disqualify you.
Finally, consider a USDA loan if you want to buy or refinance real estate in a rural area. USDA loans have below-market rates — similar to VA — and reduced mortgage insurance costs. The catch? You need to live in a ‘rural’ area and have moderate or low income to be USDA-eligible.
Mortgage rate strategies for January 2024
Mortgage rates displayed their famous volatility in 2023. Uncertainty in the banking sector led to downtrends, but ongoing inflation battles, Fed hikes and a hot job market drove growth.
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At its September and November meetings, the central bank held off on a rate hike, preferring to see if the economy would keep cooling organically. In December, the FOMC skipped a hike and projected cuts for 2024. As always, the committee said it would adjust its policies as necessary — which could mean additional hikes or possibly none at all.
Here are just a few strategies to keep in mind if you’re mortgage shopping in the coming months.
Be ready to move quickly
Indecision can lead to failure or missed opportunities. That holds true in home buying as well.
Although the housing market is becoming more balanced than the recent past, it still favors sellers. Prospective borrowers should take the lessons learned from the last few years and apply them now even though conditions are less extreme.
“Taking too long to decide to make an offer can lead to paying more for the home at best and at worst to losing out on it entirely. Buyers should get pre-approved (not pre-qualified) for their mortgage, so that the seller has some certainty about the deal closing. And be ready to close quickly — a long escrow period will put you at a disadvantage.
And it’s definitely not a bad idea to work with a real estate agent who has access to “coming soon” properties, which can give a buyer a little bit of a head start competing for the limited number of homes available,” said Rick Sharga.
Buyer demand is lower than a typical year, but the market usually heats up in spring and summer. Being decisive (and prepared) should only play to your advantage.
Shopping around isn’t only for the holidays
Since interest rates can vary drastically from day to day and from lender to lender, failing to shop around likely leads to money lost.
Lenders charge different rates for different levels of credit scores. And while there are ways to negotiate a lower mortgage rate, the easiest is to get multiple quotes from multiple lenders and leverage them against each other.
“For potential home buyers, it’s important to get quotes from multiple lenders for a mortgage, as rates can vary dramatically, especially during such a volatile period,” said Odeta Kushi.
As the mortgage market slows due to lessened demand, lenders will be more eager for business. While missing out on the rock-bottom rates of 2020 and 2021 may sting, there’s always a way to use the market to your advantage.
How to shop for interest rates
Rate shopping doesn’t just mean looking at the lowest rates advertised online because those aren’t available to everyone. Typically, those are offered to borrowers with great credit who can put a down payment of 20% or more.
The rate lenders actually offer depends on:
Your credit score and credit history
Your personal finances
Your down payment (if buying a home)
Your home equity (if refinancing)
Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV)
Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI)
To figure out what rate a lender can offer you based on those factors, you have to fill out a loan application. Lenders will check your credit and verify your income and debts, then give you a ‘real’ rate quote based on your financial situation.
You should get three to five of these quotes at a minimum, then compare them to find the best offer. Look for the lowest rate, but also pay attention to your annual percentage rate (APR), estimated closing costs, and ‘discount points’ — extra fees charged upfront to lower your rate.
This might sound like a lot of work. But you can shop for mortgage rates in under a day if you put your mind to it. And shaving just a few basis points off your rate can save you thousands.
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Mortgage interest rate FAQ
What are current mortgage rates?
Current mortgage rates are averaging 6.62% for a 30-year fixed-rate loan and 5.89% for a 15-year fixed-rate loan, according to Freddie Mac’s latest weekly rate survey. Your individual rate could be higher or lower than the average depending on your credit score, down payment, and the lender you choose to work with, among other factors.
Will mortgage rates go down next week?
Mortgage rates could decrease next week (Jan. 8-12, 2024) if the mortgage market takes a cautious approach to a possible recession. However, rates could rise if lenders account for the Federal Reserve taking measures to counteract inflation or if a global event brings economic uncertainty.
Will mortgage interest rates go down in 2024?
If inflation continues to dissipate and the economy cools or goes into a recession, it’s likely mortgage rates will decrease in 2024. Although, it’s important to remember that interest rates are notoriously volatile and are driven by many factors, so they can rise during any given week.
Will mortgage interest rates go up in 2024?
Mortgage rates may continue to rise in 2024. High inflation, a strong housing market, and policy changes by the Federal Reserve have all pushed rates higher in 2022 and 2023. However, if the U.S. does indeed enter a recession, mortgage rates could come down.
What is the lowest mortgage rate right now?
Freddie Mac is now citing average 30-year rates in the 7% range. If you can find a rate in the 5s or 6s, you’re in a very good position. Remember that rates vary a lot by borrower. Those with perfect credit and large down payments may get below-average interest rates, while poor-credit borrowers and those with non-QM loans could see much higher rates. You’ll need to get pre-approved for a mortgage to know your exact rate.
Will there be a housing crash?
For the most part, industry experts do not expect the housing market to crash in 2023. Yes, home prices are over-inflated. But many of the risk factors that led to the 2008 crash are not present in today’s market. Low inventory and massive buyer demand should keep the market propped up next year. Plus, mortgage lending practices are much safer than they used to be. That means there’s not a subprime mortgage crisis waiting in the wings.
What is the lowest mortgage rate ever?
At the time of this writing, the lowest 30-year mortgage rate ever was 2.65%. That’s according to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey, the most widely used benchmark for current mortgage interest rates.
Should I lock my rate now or wait?
Locking your rate is a personal decision. You should do what’s right for your situation rather than trying to time the market. If you’re buying a home, the right time to lock a rate is after you’ve secured a purchase agreement and shopped for your best mortgage deal. If you’re refinancing, you should make sure you compare offers from at least three to five lenders before locking a rate. That said, rates are rising. So the sooner you can lock in today’s market, the better.
Is now a good time to refinance?
That depends on your situation. It’s a good time to refinance if your current mortgage rate is above market rates and you could lower your monthly mortgage payment. It might also be good to refinance if you can switch from an adjustable-rate mortgage to a low fixed-rate mortgage; refinance to get rid of FHA mortgage insurance; or switch to a short-term 10- or 15-year mortgage to pay off your loan early.
Is it worth refinancing for 1 percent?
It’s often worth refinancing for 1 percentage point, as this can yield significant savings on your mortgage payments and total interest payments. Just make sure your refinance savings justify your closing costs. You can use a mortgage calculator or speak with a loan officer to crunch the numbers.
How do I shop for mortgage rates?
Start by choosing a list of three to five mortgage lenders that you’re interested in. Look for lenders with low advertised rates, great customer service scores, and recommendations from friends, family, or a real estate agent. Then get pre-approved by those lenders to see what rates and fees they can offer you. Compare your offers (Loan Estimates) to find the best overall deal for the loan type you want.
What are today’s mortgage rates?
Mortgage rates are rising, but borrowers can almost always find a better deal by shopping around. Connect with a mortgage lender to find out exactly what rate you qualify for.
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1Today’s mortgage rates are based on a daily survey of select lending partners of The Mortgage Reports. Interest rates shown here assume a credit score of 740. See our full loan assumptions here.
Many people mistakenly believe they can’t afford to buy a home because they don’t really know what their options are. Fortunately, home loans are not one-size-fits-all. There are various mortgages available to suit your budget and preferences.
So, before you start visiting open houses, take some time to familiarize yourself with the different home loans that are available. Going into the home buying process informed could help you save a lot of money on your down payment, interest, and fees.
The 8 Types of Mortgage Loans Available
Understanding the different types of mortgage loans will help you choose the option that’s best suited for you. Let’s look at a brief overview of the eight types of mortgages available in 2024.
1. Conventional Loans
A conventional loan is a mortgage that’s not issued by the federal government. There are two different types of conventional mortgages you can choose from: conforming and non-conforming loans.
A conforming loan falls within the guidelines laid out by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. You’ll take out a conforming loan through a private lender like a bank, credit union, or mortgage company. Since the government doesn’t guarantee the loan, conventional mortgages typically come with more stringent lending requirements.
According to the CFPB, the maximum loan amount for a conventional loan is $484,350. However, it may be as high as $726,525 in counties with a high cost of living. You’ll have to take out private mortgage insurance (PMI) if you don’t have a 20% down payment.
Conventional loans are fixed-rate mortgages, which means your monthly mortgage payment remains the same throughout the entire life of the mortgage loan. The terms typically range from 10 to 30 years:
30-year fixed-rate mortgage
20-year fixed-rate mortgage
15-year fixed-rate mortgage
10-year fixed rate mortgage
Pros:
It can be used to purchase a primary home or an investment property
Tends to cost less than other types of loans
You can cancel your private mortgage insurance (PMI) once you reach 20% equity in your home
Cons:
Must have a minimum FICO score of 620 or higher
Harder to qualify for than government-backed loans
You’ll need to have a low debt-to-income ratio to qualify
2. Conventional 97 Mortgage
A conventional 97 mortgage is similar to a conventional loan in that it’s widely available to various borrowers. The main difference is that with this type of home loan, you only have to pay a 3% down payment.
The program is available for first-time and repeat home buyers. However, it must be your primary place of residence, and the maximum loan amount is $510,400.
Pros:
Widely available to most borrowers
Only requires a 3% down payment
Available for first-time and repeat homebuyers
Cons:
Cannot be used to purchase investment properties
The maximum loan amount is $510,400
Requires a minimum FICO score of 660 or higher
3. FHA Loans
FHA loans are backed by the Federal Housing Administration and are a popular option for first-time home buyers. To qualify, you need to have a 3.5% down payment and a minimum credit score of 580.
If you have a credit score of 500 or higher, you can qualify for an FHA loan with a 10% down payment. These flexible requirements make FHA loans a suitable option for borrowers with bad credit.
To qualify for an FHA home loan, you must have a debt-to-income ratio of 43% or less. These loans can’t be used to purchase investment properties, and your home must meet the FHA’s lending limits.
These limits vary by state, so you’ll need to check the FHA’s website to see what the guidelines are for your area.
Pros:
Loans come with low down payment options
A viable option for borrowers with bad credit
Available for first-time and repeat homeowners
Cons:
Loans can’t be taken out for investment properties
If your credit score is below 580, a 10% down payment is required
You must have a debt-to-income ratio below 43%
Mandatory mortgage insurance premiums
4. FHA 203(k) Rehab Loans
An FHA 203(k) rehab loan is sometimes referred to as a renovation loan. It allows home buyers to finance the purchase of their home and any necessary renovations with a single loan.
Many people purchase older homes to fix them up. Instead of taking out a mortgage and then applying for a home renovation loan, you can accomplish both within a single mortgage.
A rehab loan is similar to an FHA loan in that you’ll need a 3.5% down payment. However, the credit requirements are stricter, and you’ll need a minimum credit score of 640 to qualify.
Pros:
Allows you to buy a home and finance the remodel within one mortgage
Requires a minimum 3.5% down payment
Easier to qualify since the FHA backs your loan
Cons:
Credit requirements are more stringent than typical FHA loans
You must hire approved contractors and cannot DIY the renovations
The closing process takes longer than other types of mortgages
5. VA Loans
The Department of Veteran Affairs guarantees VA loans. These loans are designed to make it easier for veterans and service members to qualify for affordable mortgages.
One of the biggest advantages of taking out a VA loan is that it doesn’t require a down payment or mortgage insurance premium (MIP). And there are no listed credit requirements, though the lender can set their own minimum credit requirements. VA loans typically come with a lower interest rate than FHA and conventional loans.
To qualify for a VA loan, you must either be active duty military, a veteran or honorably discharged. You’ll need to apply for your mortgage through an approved VA lender.
Pros:
No down payment required
No PMI required
Flexible credit requirements
Cons:
Must be a veteran to qualify
Some sellers will not want to deal with a VA loan
6. USDA Loans
A USDA loan is a type of mortgage that’s available for rural and suburban home buyers. It’s a viable option for borrowers with lower credit scores that are having a hard time qualifying for a traditional mortgage.
USDA loans are backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and they help low-income borrowers find housing in rural areas. USDA loans do not require a down payment, but you will need a minimum credit score of 640 to qualify.
You will need to meet the USDA’s eligibility requirements to qualify for the loan. But according to the department’s property eligibility map, over 95% of the U.S. is eligible.
Pros:
No down payment required
A practical option for low-income borrowers
Available to first-time and repeat home buyers
Cons:
A minimum credit score of 640 is required
Housing is limited to rural and suburban areas
7. Jumbo Loans
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the financing guidelines laid out by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. These loans are unable to be purchased or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
A jumbo mortgage is financing for luxury homes in competitive real estate markets, and the limits vary by state. In 2024, the FHFA raised the limits for a one-unit property to $766,550, increasing from $726,200 in 2023. In certain high-cost areas, the limits for jumbo loans vary, reaching up to $1,149,825. These jumbo loans are for mortgages that exceed the set limits in their respective counties.
If you’re hoping to buy a home that costs more than $1 million, you’ll need to take out a super jumbo loan. These loans provide up to $3 million to purchase your home. Both jumbo and super jumbo mortgages can be difficult to qualify for and require excellent credit.
Pros:
These loans make it possible to purchase large homes in expensive areas
Typically comes with flexible loan terms
Cons:
Jumbo loans and super jumbo loans come with higher interest rates
You’ll need a good credit history to qualify
8. Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs)
Unlike a fixed-rate mortgage, where the interest rate is set for the life of the loan, an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) comes with interest rates that fluctuate. Your interest rate depends on the current market conditions.
When you first take out an ARM, you will typically start with a fixed rate for a set period of time. Once that introductory period is up, your interest rate will adjust on a monthly or annual basis.
An ARM can be a suitable option for some borrowers because your interest rate will likely be low for the first couple of years you own the home. But you need to be comfortable with a certain level of risk.
And if you choose to go this route, you should look for an ARM that caps the amount of interest you pay. That way, you won’t find yourself unable to afford your monthly payments when the interest rates reset.
4 Types of ARMs
There are 4 different types of adjustable-rate mortgages typically offered:
One Year ARM – The one-year adjustable-rate mortgage interest rate changes every year on the anniversary of the loan.
10/1 ARM – The 10/1 ARM has an initial fixed interest rate for the first ten years of the mortgage. After 10 years is up, the rate then adjusts each year for the remainder of the mortgage.
5/5 and 5/1 ARMs – ARMs that have an initial fixed rate for the first five years of the mortgage. After 5 years is up, for the 5/5 ARM, the interest rate changes every 5 years. For the 5/1 ARM, the interest changes every year.
3/3 and 3/1 ARMs – Similar to the 5/5 and 5/1 ARMs, except the initial fixed-rate changes after 3 years. For the 3/3 ARM, the interest rate changes every 3 years and for the 3/1 ARM, it changes every year.
Pros:
Interest rates will likely be low in the beginning.
If you pay the loan off quickly, you could pay a lot less money in interest.
Cons:
Your monthly mortgage payments will fluctuate.
Many borrowers have gotten into financial trouble after taking out an ARM.
Choosing the Right Home Loan
When it comes to choosing a home loan, you need to consider a few key factors. First, you’ll want to think about the type of loan that is best suited to your needs.
Fixed-rate mortgages offer stability and predictability, while adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) can be a viable option for those who expect their income to increase significantly over time. You’ll also want to consider your budget and how much you can afford to borrow, as well as the size of your down payment and the length of the loan term.
It’s also crucial to shop around and compare offers from multiple mortgage lenders. While it’s tempting to go with the first lender you find, it pays to do your homework and see what other options are available.
This can help you get a better rate and more favorable terms on your loan. It’s a good idea to get quotes from at least three different lenders, and to consider both traditional banks and online lenders.
Tips for Getting the Best Rates and Terms
One of the most effective strategies is to improve your credit score. Lenders look closely at credit scores when deciding whether to approve a loan. Those with higher scores are typically offered better terms. You can improve your credit score by paying your bills on time, reducing your debt, and correcting any errors on your credit report.
Another tip is to make a larger down payment, which can help you secure a lower interest rate and reduce the size of your monthly payments. Finally, consider working with a mortgage broker, who can help you shop around and find the best deal.
Bottom Line
As you can see, there are many home loans for you to choose from. The type of mortgage that’s best for you will depend on your current income and financial situation.
If you’re not sure where to start, consider working with a qualified loan officer. They can assess your situation and recommend the option that will be best for you.
FHA loans have been making homeownership more accessible for decades. Tailored to borrowers with lower credit, the FHA makes it possible to buy a house with a credit score of just 580 and only 3.5% down.
But home buyers aren’t the only ones who can benefit. For current homeowners, an FHA refinance may let you access low rates and home equity, even without great credit.
Not sure whether you’ll qualify for a mortgage? Check out the FHA program. You might be surprised.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
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>Related: How to buy a house with $0 down: First-time home buyer
What is an FHA loan?
An FHA loan is a mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).
FHA insurance protects mortgage lenders, allowing them to offer loans with low interest rates, easier credit requirements, and low down payments (starting at just 3.5%).
Thanks to their flexibility and low rates, FHA loans are especially popular with first-time home buyers, home shoppers with low or moderate incomes, and/or lower-credit home buyers.
But FHA financing isn’t limited to a certain type of buyer — anyone can apply.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
How does an FHA loan work?
The first thing to know about FHA mortgages is that the Federal Housing Administration doesn’t actually lend you the money. You get an FHA mortgage loan from an FHA-approved bank or lender, just like you would any other type of home mortgage loan.
The FHA’s role is to insure these mortgages, offering lenders protection in case borrowers can’t pay their loans back. In turn, this lets mortgage lenders offer FHA loans with lower interest rates and looser standards for qualifying.
The one catch — if you want to call it that — is that you pay for the FHA insurance that protects your mortgage lender. This is called “mortgage insurance premium” or MIP for the life of the loan or until the FHA home loan is refinanced into another type of mortgage. We go over this in detail below.
Types of FHA loans
FHA loans offer various options to meet different home buying needs. These government-backed loans are designed to make homeownership more accessible, especially for those with less-than-perfect credit scores or limited savings.
Each type of FHA loan is tailored to different financial situations and home buying needs. Here’s what you can expect.
Compare FHA loan quotes from multiple lenders. Start here
FHA mortgage loan
An FHA mortgage is ideal for first-time home buyers, requiring a minimum credit score of 580 for a 3.5% down payment. Those with credit scores between 500 and 579 can still qualify for a 10% down payment. These loans are popular due to their lenient credit score requirements and low-down payment options.
FHA rate-and-term refinance
An FHA refinance loan is suited for borrowers looking to improve their loan terms or lower interest rates, especially if their credit scores have improved since obtaining their original mortgage. It offers a way to adjust loan terms to better fit current financial situations.
FHA Streamline Refinance
For current FHA loan holders, the FHA Streamline Refinance provides an efficient way to refinance with minimal documentation and underwriting. It often results in lower interest rates and can potentially reduce mortgage insurance premiums. This option is advantageous for those who want to refinance without a complicated process.
FHA cash-out refinance
An FHA cash-out refinance allows homeowners to tap into their home equity, converting it into cash. It requires a minimum credit score of 620, and borrowers must leave at least 15% equity in their home after the refinance. It’s suitable for those needing extra funds for expenses or investments.
FHA Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
HECM is a reverse mortgage for homeowners aged 62 and older, allowing the conversion of home equity into cash. It provides financial flexibility for seniors by enabling access to their home equity without selling the home.
FHA 203(k) loan
The FHA 203(k) loan is designed for home purchases requiring renovations. It combines the cost of the home and renovation expenses into one loan. Borrowers must meet specific credit score requirements and ensure that renovations are completed within six months.
FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage
This loan type allows borrowers to include energy-efficient upgrades in their FHA loan. It’s aimed at reducing utility costs and increasing the home’s environmental friendliness, thereby potentially increasing its value.
Section 245(a) loan
The Section 245(a) program is for borrowers expecting an increase in their income. It offers a graduated payment schedule that starts low and increases over time, aligning with anticipated income growth. This loan is particularly beneficial for young professionals expecting career advancement.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan requirements
Homeownership can be a liberating experience, especially for first-time buyers. With their flexible guidelines and government backing, FHA home loans provide a welcoming path.
Understanding FHA loan requirements can make the process much easier, opening the door to a future in your ideal home.
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
To be eligible for an FHA loan, applicants must adhere to specific guidelines:
The property must undergo a home appraisal by an FHA-approved appraiser.
The property must serve as the applicant’s primary residence; investment properties and second homes are not eligible.
Occupancy of the property is required within two months following the closing.
A mandatory inspection is conducted to ensure the property meets FHA’s basic standards.
There are a few more specific conditions to qualify, such as a down payment amount, mortgage insurance, credit score, loan limits, and income requirements.
FHA loan down payment requirements
FHA loans require a minimum down payment, which varies based on credit score. For credit scores of 580 and above, a minimum down payment of 3.5% is required. Borrowers with credit scores between 500 and 579 must make a 10% down payment.
FHA mortgage insurance premiums
FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP) is what makes the FHA program possible. Without the MIP, FHA-approved lenders would have little reason to make FHA-insured loans.
There are two kinds of MIP required for an FHA loan. One is paid as a lump sum when you close the loan, and the other is an annual premium, which becomes less expensive each year as you pay off the loan balance:
Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP) = 1.75% of the loan amount for current FHA loans and refinances
Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) = 0.85% of the loan amount for most FHA loans and refinances
MIP is split into monthly payments that are included in your mortgage payment. You’ll have to pay FHA insurance for the life of the loan or if you refinance into another type of mortgage loan.
The good news is that, as a homeowner or home buyer, your FHA loan’s MIP rates have dropped. Today’s FHA MIP costs are now as much as 50 basis points (0.50%) lower per year than they were in previous years.
Also, you have ways to reduce what you’ll owe in FHA MIP.
Depending on your down payment and loan term, you can reduce the length of your mortgage insurance to 11 years instead of the entire loan.
Loan term
Original down payment
MIP duration
20, 25, 30 years
Less than 10%
Life of loan
20, 25, 30 years
More than 10%
11 years
15 years or less
Less than 10%
Life of loan
15 years or less
More than 10%
11 years
Or, you could refinance out of FHA MIP at a later date.
With FHA interest rates as competitive as they are today, refinancing could reduce your monthly mortgage payments and cancel your mortgage insurance premium if you have enough equity in the home.
Check your FHA loan rates. Start here
FHA loan credit score minimums
The minimum credit score requirement for an FHA loan is 500. However, a score of 580 or higher allows for a lower down payment. Credit scores directly impact loan terms and down payment amounts.
Debt-to-income ratio
FHA loans consider the borrower’s debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, a measure of monthly debt payments against monthly income. The FHA prefers a DTI ratio of no more than 43%, though exceptions can be made for higher ratios with compensating factors.
Income and employment requirements
There is no specific income threshold for FHA loans, but borrowers must demonstrate steady employment history. Verification includes pay stubs, W-2s, tax returns, and bank statements.
FHA loan limits
Loan limits for FHA loans vary by county. However, starting January 1, 2024, the new FHA loan limit will be $498,257 for a single-family home in most parts of the country. Limits increase for 2-, 3-, and 4-unit properties.
FHA loan rates
Interest rates for FHA loans are competitive and can vary based on factors such as prevailing market rates, borrower’s credit score, income, loan amount, down payment, and DTI ratio. Government backing often enables lenders to offer lower rates compared to conventional mortgages.
Compare your FHA loan rates from multiple lenders. Start here
Today’s rates for a 30-year, fixed-rate FHA loan start at % (% APR), according to The Mortgage Reports’ daily rate survey.
Thanks to their government backing, FHA loan rates are competitive even for lower-credit borrowers. But interest rates can vary a lot from one lender to the next, so be sure to shop around for your best offer.
FHA loan benefits
Check your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
1. Lower down payment: Just 3.5 %
For today’s home buyers, there are only a few mortgage options that allow for down payments of 5% or less. The FHA loan is one of them.
With an FHA mortgage, you can make a down payment as small as 3.5% of the home’s purchase price. This helps home buyers who don’t have a lot of money saved up for a down payment along with home buyers who would rather save money for moving costs, emergency funds, or other needs.
2. FHA allows 100% gift funds for the down payment and closing costs
The FHA is generous with respect to using gifts for a down payment. Very few loan programs will allow your entire down payment for a home to come from a gift. The FHA will.
Via the FHA, your entire 3.5% down payment can be a gift from parents or another family member, an employer, an approved charitable group, or a government homebuyer program.
If you’re using a down payment gift, though, you’ll need to follow the process for gifting and receiving funds.
3. FHA loans allow higher debt-to-income ratios
FHA loans also allow higher debt-to-income ratios.
Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is calculated by comparing two things: your debt payments and your before-tax income.
For instance, if you earn $5,000 a month and your debt payment total is $2,000, your DTI is 40%.
Officially, FHA maximum DTIs are as follows.
31% of gross income for housing costs
43% of gross income for housing costs plus other monthly obligations like credit cards, student loans, auto loans, etc.
However, a 43% DTI is actually on the low end for most FHA borrowers. And FHA will allow DTI ratios as high as 50%. Although to get approved at such a high ratio, you’ll likely need one or more compensating factors — for instance, a great credit score, significant cash savings, or a down payment exceeding the minimum.
In any case, FHA is more lenient in this area than other mortgage loan options.
Most conventional mortgage programs — those offered by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — only allow debt-to-income ratios between 36% and 43%.
With down payments of less than 25%, for example, Fannie Mae lets you go to 43% DTI for FICOs of 700 or higher. But most people don’t get conventional loans with debt ratios that high.
4. FHA loans accept lower credit scores
Officially, the minimum credit scores required for FHA mortgage loans are:
580 or higher with a 3.5% down payment
500-579 with a 10% down payment
High credit scores are great if you have them. But past credit history mistakes take a while to repair.
FHA loans can help you get into a home without waiting a year or more for your good credit to reach the “excellent” level. Other loan programs are not so forgiving when it comes to your credit rating.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the agencies that set rules for conventional loans) say they accept FICOs as low as 620. But in reality, some lenders impose higher minimum credit scores.
5. FHA even permits applicants with no credit scores
What if an applicant has never had a credit account? Their credit report is, essentially, blank.
FHA borrowers with no credit scores may also qualify for a mortgage. In fact, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) prohibits FHA lenders from denying an application based solely on a borrower’s lack of credit history.
The FHA allows borrowers to build non-traditional credit as an alternative to a standard credit history. This can be a huge advantage to someone who’s never had credit scores due to a lack of borrowing or credit card usage in the past.
Borrowers can use payment histories on items such as utility bills, cell phone bills, car insurance bills, and apartment rent to build non-traditional credit.
“Not all lenders who are FHA approved offer these types of loans, so check with your loan officer individually,” cautions Meyer.
6. FHA loans can be up to $ in most of the U.S.
Most mortgage programs limit their loan sizes, and many of these limits are tied to local housing prices.
FHA mortgage limits are set by county or MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area), and range from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country.
Limits are higher in Alaska, Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, and also for duplexes, triplexes, and four-plexes.
7. FHA also allows extended loan sizes
As another FHA benefit, FHA loan limits can be extended where home prices are more expensive. This lets buyers finance their home using FHA even though home prices have skyrocketed in certain high-cost areas.
In Orange County, California, for example, or New York City, the FHA will insure up to $ for a mortgage on a single-family home.
For 2-unit, 3-unit and 4-unit homes, FHA loan limits are even higher — ranging up to $.
If your area’s FHA’s loan limits are too low for the property you’re buying, you’ll likely need a conventional or jumbo loan.
8. If you have an FHA loan, you can lower your rate with an FHA Streamline Refinance
Another advantage for FHA-backed homeowners is access to the FHA Streamline Refinance.
The FHA Streamline Refinance is an exclusive FHA program that offers homeowners one of the simplest, quickest, and most affordable paths to refinancing.
An FHA Streamline Refinance requires no credit score checks, no income verifications, and home appraisals are waived completely.
In addition, via the FHA Streamline Refinance, homeowners with a mortgage pre-dating June 2009 get access to reduced FHA mortgage insurance rates.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
FHA loan disadvantages
What is the downside to an FHA loan? Among the numerous benefits of FHA loans, there are certain disadvantages that potential borrowers should be aware of. These drawbacks can impact the overall cost and flexibility of the loan.
Here are the downsides that you should know about FHA home loans.
FHA loan mortgage insurance premiums
One of the primary drawbacks of FHA loans is the mandatory mortgage insurance premiums. These include an upfront premium at closing, generally 1.75% of the loan amount, and ongoing monthly payments. This additional cost can make FHA loans more expensive over the long term
Loan limits
One notable limitation of FHA loans is the lower loan limits compared to conventional loans, which can be restrictive for higher-income buyers. The FHA mortgage limit for a one-unit property ranges from $ to $ for single-family homes in most parts of the country, which may not be sufficient in areas with higher property values.
Strict property requirements
FHA loans come with stringent property requirements. The purchased home must be the borrower’s primary residence and must meet specific safety and condition standards. This requirement can limit the types of properties that qualify for an FHA loan.
FHA loan alternatives
Alternative loans, like USDA and VA loans, offer distinct advantages, such as no down payment requirements, but come with specific eligibility criteria. Understanding these alternatives ensures you make a well-informed decision about the type of mortgage that’s right for you.
Conventional 97
The Conventional 97 program comes with a down payment requirement of just 3%. It stands out due to the absence of income limits and mandatory home buyer education, making it accessible to a broader range of homebuyers.
Check your conventional loan eligibility. Start here
HomeReady Mortgage by Fannie Mae
The HomeReady mortgage program is designed for low- to moderate-income families, allowing a home purchase with only a 3% down payment. Furthermore, this program permits the entire downpayment and closing costs to be covered by gifts or grants, offering significant financial flexibility.
Freddie Mac Home Possible
The Home Possible loan is notable for its reduced mortgage insurance costs compared to other similar programs. With a 3% down payment requirement and lower ongoing costs, Home Possible is an attractive alternative for those looking to save on mortgage insurance.
USDA loans
USDA loans, backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are an attractive alternative, especially for moderate-income buyers in rural areas. They don’t require a down payment, which is a significant advantage. However, eligibility for USDA loans is restricted based on income and geographical limits, and not every property qualifies for this type of financing.
VA loans
VA loans are another viable alternative, particularly for U.S. military service members, veterans, and certain surviving spouses. Like USDA loans, VA loans also require no down payment. However, eligibility for VA loans is exclusive to the military community, limiting their accessibility to the general public.
FAQ: FHA loans
Can I choose between a fixed rate and an adjustable-rate FHA loan?
Yes, FHA loans offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate (ARM) options. A fixed-rate FHA loan provides a consistent interest rate and monthly payment for the life of the loan, ideal for those who prefer stability. An adjustable-rate FHA loan, on the other hand, has an interest rate that can change over time, typically offering lower initial rates.
Do FHA loans have lower interest rates?
FHA loans often have lower interest rates compared to many conventional loan options. This is largely due to the government backing of FHA loans, which reduces the risk for lenders. As a result, lenders are generally able to offer more competitive mortgage rates to borrowers. However, the actual interest rate you’ll receive on an FHA loan can vary based on several factors, including your credit score, loan amount, and the current market conditions. It’s always a good idea to compare rates from multiple lenders to ensure you’re getting the best deal possible for your situation.
Are FHA loans assumable?
Yes. A little-known FHA benefit is that the agency will allow a home buyer to assume the existing FHA mortgage on a home being purchased. The buyer must still qualify for the mortgage with its existing terms but, in a rising mortgage rate environment, it can be attractive to assume a home seller’s loan. Five years from now, for example, a buyer of an FHA-insured home could inherit a seller’s sub-3 percent mortgage rate. This can make it easier to sell the home in the future.
Can you buy a rental property with an FHA loan?
While you can’t buy a true rental property with an FHA loan, you can buy a multi-unit property — a duplex, triplex, or fourplex — live in one of the units, and rent out the others. The rent from the other units can partially, or even fully, offset your mortgage payment.
Are closing costs higher for FHA loans?
Closing costs are about the same for FHA and conventional loans with a couple of exceptions. First, the appraiser’s fee for an FHA loan tends to be about $50 higher. Also, if you choose to pay your upfront MIP in cash (instead of including this 1.75% fee in your loan amount), this one-time fee will be added to your closing costs. Additionally, the fee can be rolled into your loan amount.
What credit score do I need for an FHA loan?
Most borrowers will need a minimum credit score of 580 to get an FHA loan. However, home buyers who can put at least 10% down are eligible to qualify with a 500 score. Yet, each lender may have their own credit score minimums, separate to those established by the Federal Housing Administration.
What is the loan-to-value ratio requirement for FHA loans?
The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for FHA loans typically cannot exceed 96.5%, meaning you can borrow up to 96.5% of your home’s value. This high LTV ratio is part of what makes FHA loans accessible, especially for first-time homebuyers who might not have substantial savings for a down payment.
How does PMI work with FHA loans?
For FHA loans, the equivalent of private mortgage insurance (PMI) is the mortgage insurance premium (MIP). MIP is required for all FHA loans, regardless of the down payment or loan-to-value ratio. This insurance protects lenders from losses in case of borrower defaults and is included in both upfront and ongoing mortgage costs.
What happens if I default on an FHA loan?
If you default on an FHA loan, the lender can initiate foreclosure proceedings. The FHA loan program, backed by the Federal Housing Administration, is designed to minimize the risk of defaults by offering more lenient qualification criteria. However, consistent failure to make mortgage payments may lead to foreclosure, impacting your credit score and homeownership status.
Today’s FHA loan rates
Now is an opportune time to consider an FHA loan, with current mortgage rates being historically competitive.
FHA loan interest rates are typically among the most competitive. To capitalize on these favorable rates, start by comparing offers from FHA-approved lenders.
Finding the most affordable loan could be just a few clicks away. Begin your journey towards homeownership today by exploring your options and discovering the best rates available for your financial situation.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Homebuyers looking to escape the hustle and bustle of city life may long for a quieter life in the country. But anytime you’re considering making a major lifestyle change, finances can become an issue.
If this sounds like you, you may be able to qualify for a USDA loan. This government-sponsored loan program focuses on houses located in designated rural and suburban areas.
What is a USDA home loan?
A USDA home loan is a type of mortgage for eligible rural and suburban homebuyers. It’s offered by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA loans are issued through the USDA Rural Development Guaranteed Housing Loan Program.
One of the biggest draws of the Rural Development program is that it doesn’t require any down payment. So, you can purchase your own home with a minimal amount of cash.
If you think this sounds like a good opportunity, you may be right. Keep reading to find out the benefits of applying for a USDA loan.
What are the different types of USDA loans?
The USDA offers three main mortgage programs for people who want to buy or repair a single-family home in a rural area:
USDA Direct Loans: Also known as Section 502 direct loans, these loans are issued to qualifying low-income borrowers with interest rates as low as 1% with certain subsidies and no down payment is typically required.
USDA Guaranteed Loans: Also known as the Section 502 Guaranteed Loan Program, these loans are issued by USDA-approved lenders and offer 100% financing, low interest rates, and minimal down payments to eligible buyers.
USDA Home Improvement Loans: Also known as the Section 504 Home Repair program, these loans are given to qualified homeowners to repair, improve, or modernize their homes. They’re also given to low-income elderly homeowners to remove health and safety hazards. The home improvement loan is up to $$40,000 and grants are also available up to $10,000. Additionally, loans and grants can now be combined for up to $50,000 in assistance.
USDA Streamline Refinance: Those with an existing USDA loan may be able to take advantage of lower rates with a USDA refinance loan. For those who qualify, the USDA streamline refinance is an attractive option as it does not require a home appraisal or income documentation. However, to be eligible, you must already have a USDA loan.
How much can I borrow with a USDA loan?
The majority of loans offered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) do not feature loan limits. Direct Loans are the only type of USDA loans with specific limits, but they are a small portion of all USDA loans. Therefore, it is unlikely that you will find any limits on your USDA loan.
For the USDA Direct Loan program in 2024, the loan limit is 766,550 in most parts of the country. However, in more expensive high-cost areas, the loan limits are higher.
4 Benefits of a USDA Loan
Listed below are the four biggest advantages of taking out a USDA loan.
1. No down payment
For many people, the thought of scraping together a down payment is the most significant barrier to buying a home. But with a USDA loan, there’s no down payment required. In comparison, you’ll need a 3.5% down payment for FHA loans and a minimum 5% down payment for conventional loans.
2. Low private mortgage insurance (PMI)
Anyone who buys a home with no down payment must purchase private mortgage insurance (PMI). The costs vary, but PMI generally costs between 0.5% to 1.0% of the total loan amount.
With the USDA mortgage program, you still have to purchase PMI, but the rates are lower than they are with a conventional loan.
3. Low credit requirements
USDA loans also come with more flexible credit requirements than what other lenders look for. If your credit score is at least 640, your application should be approved pretty quickly. And the program is available for borrowers that are short on credit history.
4. Finance your closing costs
When you buy a home, the lender charges closing costs for issuing the loan. The closing costs usually fall between 2% and 5% of the total loan amount. So if you buy a $200,000 home, you can expect to pay at least $4,000 in closing costs.
When you take out a USDA loan, you can roll your closing costs into the loan financing. This means you can finance your closing costs instead of paying them out of pocket.
How do you qualify for a USDA loan?
Taking out a USDA loan doesn’t mean you have to move to the middle of nowhere. There are a wide variety of properties eligible for purchase through the USDA loan program.
While you won’t find any homes located in a major metropolitan area, you may be able to find some in certain suburban areas. But, of course, the most extensive selection is available in rural areas since the purpose of the program is to strengthen these communities.
To find out if a home you’re interested in qualifies, simply input the address into the USDA website. The USDA does have strict requirements the home must meet to be eligible for the program, which we’ll discuss in more detail below.
See also: First-Time Home Buyer Grants and Programs
USDA Loan Requirements
If you can’t qualify for a conventional loan, you may be eligible for either a USDA guaranteed loan or a USDA direct loan. Here is an overview of the borrower requirements for USDA home loan programs:
You must be a U.S. citizen, non-citizen national, or qualified alien.
The home must be located in an eligible location.
You must be purchasing the home as your primary residence.
The loan must be taken out through a USDA-approved lender.
You must be able to meet the minimum credit requirements.
Income limits
USDA loan programs are designed to help low to middle-income families, so borrowers must meet certain income limitations. To qualify, your household income cannot exceed 115% of the median income in your area.
The income requirements for USDA loans are determined by county, so you can check the USDA’s website to determine the requirements in your area. You can also work with a USDA-approved lender to determine your eligibility.
Property Eligibility
The U.S. Department of Agriculture also puts certain restrictions on the type of property you can buy with a USDA loan. Here are the types of properties that are eligible for a USDA mortgage loan:
Single-family homes
New construction homes
Townhomes and approved condos
Planned Unit Developments
Approved modular homes
What credit score do you need for a USDA loan?
If you’re applying for a guaranteed USDA loan, there are a few basic credit requirements you’ll need to meet. The USDA doesn’t set a minimum credit score requirement, but your application will get processed much faster if your credit score is at least 640.
A credit score below 640 doesn’t automatically rule you out, but your application will go through stricter underwriting guidelines. This is to ensure you can handle the monthly payments.
And you’re less likely to be approved if you have any collections on your credit report in the past 12 months. However, you may be granted an exception if you can prove that your credit was damaged because of a medical issue or something outside your control.
And finally, a USDA loan may be a viable option for you if you’re still in the process of building your credit scores. Your application may be approved even if you have a limited credit history if you can supply other credit references, like utility payments or rent payments.
USDA Income Limits
Income limits are set on all USDA loans to ensure the USDA loan program benefits low to middle-income families. These income restrictions are determined by various factors, including the median income for your local city or county. You can check your income eligibility to find out if you qualify.
The size of your family also helps determine your eligibility. If you have a large family, then it’s expected you’ll need a more substantial income to live on, and you’ll receive more leeway.
There are also different tiers of eligibility, depending on the type of USDA loan you’re taking out. For example, USDA guaranteed loans call for a moderate income, whereas USDA direct loans require applicants to fall in the low-income category.
Stable Income
Finally, you must have a stable monthly income to be eligible for a USDA loan. Usually, you need to show a history of stable employment for at least 24 months.
If you have questions about your eligibility, you can contact a mortgage lender that specializes in USDA loans. Just be sure to ask so you don’t waste your time working with a lender who doesn’t understand the nuances of USDA loans.
Real estate agents that work in a rural area may also be able to point you in the right direction, since they’re likely to have more experience with clients utilizing these programs.
Are there any other eligibility requirements?
This article is mainly focused on the USDA’s requirements, but keep in mind, the USDA isn’t lending you any money. Each lender can apply its own requirements as long as they meet the USDA’s basic guidelines. Your lender will want a complete financial picture, as well as your credit history and current employment status.
And one of the guidelines surrounds PITI, which stands for principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. Each of these things are combined to form your total monthly mortgage payment.
This amount can’t be more than 29% of your pre-tax monthly income. So if you make $3,000 per month, your total monthly payment would have to be less than $900.
Debt-to-Income Ratio
Another common requirement is known as your debt-to-income ratio. This is when the lender looks at compares your income to your total monthly debt payments. Ideally, your debt-to-income ratio shouldn’t be higher than 41%.
So if your income is $3,000 per month, your total monthly debt payments should be less than $1,230. And remember, your mortgage will be included in the total debt payments. But you may qualify for a higher debt ratio if your credit score is higher than 680.
Bottom Line
With a USDA mortgage, you can purchase your dream home without having to save up for a down payment. However, not everyone will qualify for this program.
If you’re interested in taking out a USDA loan, you should start by finding out if you meet the income restrictions in your county. And you might consider working with an experienced USDA lender to find out if you’re a suitable candidate for the program.
USDA Loan FAQs
How does a USDA loan work?
USDA loans provide low-interest home mortgages to qualified borrowers. These loans are issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, and are designed to help eligible borrowers purchase homes in rural areas and some suburban areas.
To qualify for a USDA loan, borrowers must typically meet certain income and credit requirements, as well as have a debt-to-income ratio that is lower than the national average. Once approved, the loan is typically issued in the form of a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, with the interest rate set by the USDA. Borrowers can then use the funds to purchase a home and make mortgage payments over time.
What’s the difference between FHA, VA, and USDA Loans?
FHA loans are mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration that are available to homebuyers with less-than-perfect credit and relatively low down payments.
VA loans are mortgage loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs that are available to qualifying veterans and military members with competitive terms and no down payment.
USDA loans are mortgage loans offered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that are available to low-income borrowers in rural areas.
All three loan types require mortgage insurance, but the payment requirements vary.
What is the interest rate on USDA loans?
The interest rate on a USDA loan varies depending on the type of loan, the lender, the borrower’s credit score and other factors. Generally, USDA loan interest rates range from 1.00% to 4.00%.
The current interest rate for Single Family Housing Direct home loans is 3.75%. This fixed rate is based on current market rates at loan approval or loan closing, whichever is lower.
If payment assistance is applied, the interest rate can be as low as 1%. The payback period can be up to 33 years, or 38 years for very low-income applicants who can’t afford the 33-year loan term.
What are the fees associated with a USDA loan?
The upfront guarantee fee is 1% of the amount of the loan, and this fee must be paid at closing. This fee is non-refundable and is not included in the loan amount.
In addition to the upfront fee, there is an annual fee, which ranges from 0.35% to 0.50%. This fee is calculated as a percentage of the loan amount and is generally due each year.
USDA home loans also have other typical closing costs associated with them, such as appraisal fees, title fees, and recording fees.
Home loans for nurses come in various forms, specifically designed to cater to the unique needs of healthcare workers.
Beyond these specialized mortgage options, numerous local and national assistance programs can also offer financial help — like with down payments and closing costs.
Find the best home loan program for you. Start here
However, just because you’re a nurse doesn’t mean a specialized “nurse home loan” is best. You might find you can buy a home more easily with a standard mortgage program. So do your research and choose carefully.
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Are there special home loans for nurses?
Yes, there are special home loans for nurses that are designed to meet their unique financial and professional circumstances. These specialized mortgage options often come with benefits like lower interest rates, reduced down payments, and more flexible qualification criteria.
Additionally, there are grants for nurses and various local and national assistance programs that provide financial aid. These can be particularly helpful in covering down payments and closing costs, making the home-buying process more accessible, especially for nurses who are first-time homebuyers.
6 best home loans for nurses
When looking for the best home loan programs for nurses, it’s worth considering a mix of both specialized and standard options.
We recommend six mortgage programs in total—two are specialized home loans for nurses, while the other four are standard loan programs open to almost anyone. Surprisingly, you may find that a mainstream mortgage program, rather than a nurse-specific one, ends up being your best fit.
Find the best home loan program for you. Start here
To give a quick overview, the six best home loans for nurses are:
Nurse Next Door program
Homes for Heroes
Conventional mortgages
FHA mortgages
VA mortgages
USDA mortgages
Let’s dig into each program in a little more detail.
1. Nurse Next Door program
The Nurse Next Door1 program is not a “true” mortgage loan program. It does not lend money or originate loans. Rather, it’s a home buyer assistance program that will help match you with the right property, mortgage, and aid program for your needs (if required).
Nurse Next Door provides grants for nurses of up to $8,000 (where available) and down payment assistance of up to $10,681. You may also reduce closing costs by eliminating a home appraisal and other fees.
Keep in mind that grants are generally only awarded to nurses and medical professionals who are first-time buyers purchasing a primary residence. This means that you must refrain from using the funds for an investment property or vacation home.
Before you use this program, though, check that you can’t get more generous grants or loans from your state or local down payment assistance program.
2. Homes for Heroes: Healthcare professionals
Homes for Heroes2 is another nationwide homeowner assistance program that aims to make buying a new home more affordable for firefighters, law enforcement, teachers, military, and medical professionals.
The website says, “Most heroes save at least $3,000 when they buy or sell a home with us. When you add up savings from real estate agents, loan officers, title companies, home inspectors, and other everyday deals, the savings are way beyond what you’ll get from other national programs.”
Note that you must use real estate professionals recommended by Homes for Heroes to benefit. Again, check other local programs to ensure this is your best option before buying.
3. Conventional loans for nurses
Conventional mortgages are the most popular type of home loan available today. These loans are not backed by the government, like others on this list, but most conform to the rules laid down by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are two government-sponsored enterprises. This is why they’re also referred to as “conforming loans.”
Conventional loans require a credit score of 620 or better. But they offer a low down payment option of only 3% of the purchase price to qualify. Although, if your down payment is less than 20%, you’ll need to pay for private mortgage insurance (PMI), which means higher monthly payments.
4. FHA loans for nurses
Nurses and medical professionals with a credit score between 580 and 620 could opt for a mortgage backed by the Federal Housing Administration, an FHA loan. This type of loan is popular with first-time home buyers because of its flexible approval guidelines.
FHA loans also have a low down payment option of 3.5%. But you will have to pay mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) for the life of the loan. Note that MIP is different from private mortgage insurance on a conventional loan. Still, many FHA buyers simply refinance out of mortgage insurance down the road when their credit scores improve.
Consider opting for a conforming loan if you can. Because of those, you can escape mortgage insurance costs more easily and cheaply.
Verify your FHA loan eligibility. Start here
5. VA loans for nurses
Backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, a VA loan is an option for nurses who have served or are still serving in the military. If you’re eligible, this will likely be your best bet.
Lenders set their own credit score thresholds, usually between 580 and 660. But you need no down payment. And you’ll be in line for a below-market interest rate, no private mortgage insurance, and low closing costs.
VA buyers must pay a one-time VA funding fee that is typically between 2.3% and 3.6% of the loan amount. However, many borrowers roll this fee into their loan balance, so they don’t have to pay it upfront.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
6. USDA loans for nurses
The US Department of Agriculture backs USDA mortgages. These, too, require no down payment. But you’ll likely need a score of 640 or better. Similar to the VA loan, a USDA mortgage frequently has lower interest rates than the “going” rate.
You must also meet household income limits and buy a home in a designated rural area. Some suburbs are included. Use the USDA’s maps to find out whether the place where you want to buy is eligible.
Find out if you qualify for a USDA loan. Start here
Grants for nurses
Most of the home loan programs for nurses we highlighted above can be used with down payment assistance (DPA) programs, which could help cover your down payment and closing costs.
Check your home buying options. Start here
All states and many cities and counties offer grants and DPA programs for first-time buyers. There are thousands of these across the country. In some places, you can get home buying assistance running into the tens of thousands of dollars.
Some of these down payment assistance programs offer special privileges to nurses and other essential workers. To find one that covers the area where you want to buy, read this article or check out your state’s page on the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) website.
Note that each DPA sets its own eligibility requirements and caps the amount of money it will grant or lend you. So you’ll have to do a bit of research to find out what you could be in line for and whether you qualify.
Nurse home loans from private lenders
Some private mortgage lenders offer reduced closing costs or other perks for nurses. For example, Homes for Champions (RealFi Home Funding Corp.) says that it’s offering for nurses and doctors can save you “up to 2.00% to 3.00%” by eliminating many fees normally due on closing.
But this company is a licensed direct lender in only 13 states, plus Washington DC: CT, DE, FL, GA, MD, NC, NJ, NY, PA, SC, TX, and VA.
Find the best home loan program for you. Start here
Other companies or organizations also offer help to homebuyers who are nurses.
One such program is the Everyday Hero Housing Housing Assistance Fund. It seems that it refunds seller concessions negotiated by specialist real estate agents. You wouldn’t be alone in assuming that’s a scam. Although it has an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau. So it may be worth checking out. Remember that seller concessions are hard to obtain in sellers’ markets, which most are at the time of this writing.
Meanwhile, Nurse Home Loan Programs says its goal is “to educate and connect our Nurses with the best home loan solutions for them all over the country.”
It might be worth talking to one of the company’s specialists if your applications are getting rejected. Because that does sometimes happen with lenders that don’t understand nurses’ special working conditions, such as overtime and differential income, or that struggle to grasp the challenges of high student debt and travel nurses’ seemingly chaotic employment records. (More on those and similar challenges below.)
How to overcome home buying challenges as a nurse
Qualifying for a mortgage as a nurse often comes with its own set of hurdles. Lenders are generally focused on income verification, but they may lack a comprehensive understanding of how the nursing profession is structured.
As a result, you might find yourself in the position of having to explain why nurses should be considered a special case in the mortgage application process.
Check your home buying eligibility. Start here
Here are some tips to help you qualify for a nurse home loan.
Nursing income for mortgages
Of course, your basic pay should count toward your qualifying income when applying for a mortgage. But it can become more complicated when it comes to overtime, shift differentials, and “extra” pay.
With those, lenders are likely to look back over the last couple of years to see your average gross pay. If you recently had a schedule change or took on more hours, that might not count toward your income right away.
For example, if you’ve only just started earning the higher hourly rate for night shifts, lenders are unlikely to consider that when deciding how much you can borrow. It might help to get your employer to write the lender, verifying that this will be a long-term arrangement.
You can also write an explanatory letter with your application, telling the lender why you think it should take more of your income into account. Sometimes, this strategy works. But not always.
Travel nurses
Travel nurses sometimes have to seek out lenders that understand their work.
You know that you can hop from contract to contract and agency to agency and never skip a beat, except when you choose to take a vacation. But to a lender, your employment record looks patchy and might suggest you can’t hold down a job.
Again, you can explain to lenders how your employment works. If one won’t listen, move on to those who will.
Student debt
As higher nursing qualifications become more valuable, many nurses take on high levels of student debt. That can affect your home-buying budget because of your debt-to-income ratio (DTI).
Lenders worry that borrowers cannot comfortably afford their mortgage payments and other homeownership costs if they have too many other debts. Unfortunately, student loans can compound that debt burden.
There are ways to drive down your DTI, including paying off big monthly debts with small balances. For example, if your auto loan payments are high but you’ve nearly paid them off, get rid of them before applying for your mortgage.
Nurse.org has an excellent article that goes into more detail about applying for a mortgage as a nurse. And it covers most of what we’ve said and more. You can learn more here.
Listen to The Ask Nurse Alice Podcast!
How to choose the right home loan for nurses
Finding the ideal mortgage is an important step in the home-buying process, and for nurses, this choice may be affected by a number of factors.
While there’s no one-size-fits-all answer, the best home loan for nurse practitioners will depend on individual circumstances such as credit score, down payment, and even military service.
Check your home buying eligibility. Start here
When should nurses consider a VA loan?
If you have served or are currently serving in the military, either as a nurse or in another capacity, a VA loan is likely your best option.
VA loans come with several benefits, including no down payment and no private mortgage insurance (PMI), making them an attractive choice for those who qualify.
When should a nurse choose a conventional loan?
For nurses who have never served in the military but have a good credit score and a decent down payment, a conventional loan is often the next best option.
These loans typically offer competitive interest rates and may require a lower down payment compared to other loan types.
When should nurses use an FHA loan?
If your credit score falls within the 580–619 range, an FHA loan might be your best bet. The Federal Housing Administration is backing these loans, which are more forgiving of lower credit scores.
However, they do require an upfront mortgage insurance premium and ongoing monthly premiums.
When should a nurse choose a USDA loan?
Lastly, for nurses and eligible healthcare workers with limited savings who are looking to buy in a rural area, a USDA loan could be the perfect fit, provided your household income meets the eligibility criteria.
These loans offer 100% financing, meaning no down payment is required, and they also have lower mortgage insurance costs.
FAQ: Home loans for nurses
Do nurses get discounts on mortgages?
Yes, there are special home loan programs for nurses that offer discounts on mortgages. These programs are designed to assist healthcare professionals like registered nurses, nurse practitioners, and even travel nurses in buying a home. The discounts may vary by state and lender, so it’s a good idea to shop around and inquire about home loan assistance for nurses.
Is it easier for nurses to get a mortgage?
While nurses may have stable incomes, the mortgage application process can be complex due to the unique structure of nursing pay, which often includes overtime and shift differentials. Travel nurses may face additional hurdles as their employment can appear inconsistent to lenders. However, there are home loan programs for nurse practitioners that offer relaxed qualification criteria, making the mortgage application process more straightforward.
Do nurses get better interest rates?
While various factors, such as credit score and debt-to-income ratio, affect interest rates, nurses may be able to obtain better interest rates through specialized home loan programs. These programs may offer competitive rates as part of the package. It’s advisable to consult with different lenders to find the best loan type in terms of interest rates.
Can I get a mortgage as a new nurse?
Absolutely, you can get a mortgage as a new nurse. Many lenders offer home loan programs for nurses that don’t require a long employment history in the field. However, you may need to provide proof of employment and your nursing license. If you’re a first-time home buyer, there are also specific loans tailored to your needs, like first-time home buyer loans for nurses.
Are there home loans for nurses?
Yes, there are home loans for nurses with bad credit. While having a lower credit score can be a hurdle in the mortgage application process, certain programs are designed to help nurses overcome this challenge. FHA loans, for example, are more forgiving of lower credit scores and may be a suitable option if your credit falls within the 580–619 range. Additionally, some specialized nurse home loan programs offer more flexible qualification criteria, which can be beneficial for those with less-than-perfect credit. It’s always a good idea to consult with a mortgage advisor to explore all your options.
What are today’s mortgage rates?
Nurses can often find excellent deals when they take advantage of healthcare-oriented mortgage and assistance programs.
But don’t stop at finding the right loan program. You should also shop around for the best mortgage lender.
Each lender you apply to will probably present you with a different set of mortgage rates and closing costs. So get quotes from several and pick the one with the best deal for you.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
If you’re looking to buy a condo or townhome, understanding the distinctions may help you home in on the choice that better suits your lifestyle and needs. Read on to learn the major differences between these two kinds of property.
What Is a Condo?
A condominium is a private property within a larger property, whether that be a single building or a complex. Residents share amenities like clubhouses, gyms, pools, parking, and the common grounds, and pay homeowners association (HOA) dues to support those shared assets. If you buy a condo, you’ll own your interior space only.
What Is a Townhouse?
A townhouse is a single-family unit that shares one or more walls with another home, usually has two or more floors, and may have a small backyard or patio. If you buy a townhouse, you’ll own the interior and exterior of the unit and the land on which it sits. Upkeep of the exterior could be split between you and the homeowners association (HOA). 💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.
Condo vs Townhouse: Differences
Both are part of a larger structure, unlike some other house types, and both usually share one or more walls, but some similarities end there. Here are the key differences.
1. Construction
In the condo vs. townhouse debate, construction differs. A townhouse will share at least one wall with a property next door. A condo could have another unit below and above it, in addition to neighbors on either side. That could mean sharing all surrounding walls and floors/ceilings.
2. Actual Ownership
If you’re considering townhouse vs. condo, what would you actually own? With townhomes, the buyer owns the land and the structure. That could mean some creativity with decorating the lot or the home’s exterior. With condos, the buyer owns the interior of the unit and an “interest” (along with all of the other owners) in the common elements of the condominium project.
3. Community
With both condos and townhouses, residents will have fairly close contact with their neighbors. With shared walls and spaces, residents may have more social relationships with their community than they would with a single-family home. That means it’s important for buyers to research the community when condo shopping. Is the condo social? Does it plan a lot of events, or do people generally keep to themselves? Since there are many shared spaces, understanding how the community functions could directly affect living there.
If a townhome isn’t part of an HOA, living in the complex could feel similar to living in a single-family home. In that case, it could be up to the buyer to create a sense of community.
4. Homeowners Associations
Condos come with an HOA, a resident-led board that collects ongoing fees that can range from $200 to thousands of dollars, and mandates any special assessments. The HOA also enforces its covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs).
Not all townhouse communities have an HOA, but if they do, townhouse owners usually pay lower monthly fees than condo owners because they pay for much of their own upkeep.
5. Obligations and Regulations
What’s the difference between a townhouse and a condo when it comes to rules and regulations? Condo owners will be required to meet all HOA standards. That could dictate anything from what residents want to hang on their front door to whether they can have pets, how many, and whether Biff needs to be registered as a service animal or emotional support animal. If an owner wants to renovate their condo, they may have to get the work approved by the HOA.
If a townhome is part of an HOA, many of the above restrictions could apply. However, if it’s not an HOA community, townhouse owners have more freedom to decorate the exterior of their home or maintain their landscape as they see fit.
6. Insurance
Condos have their own form of property insurance. HO-6 provides coverage for the interior of a condo and the owner’s personal belongings. In addition, the entire building needs to be insured, which is paid for with HOA dues.
If a townhouse is part of an HOA community, each property requires HO-6 insurance and coverage for the community through HOA dues. When a townhouse isn’t part of an HOA, buyers are typically required to have homeowners insurance.
7. Fees and Expenses
HOA fees for condos are usually higher than for townhouses because they cover exterior maintenance and shared amenities. If townhouse owners are part of an HOA, they’ll usually pay lower monthly fees because they pay for much of their own upkeep.
Condo owners don’t have to worry about repairing the roof or replacing siding. Everything exterior-facing is managed collectively and paid for with HOA dues, but those fees may be high and are periodically reevaluated, and so may rise over time.
8. Financing
It can be harder to obtain financing for a condo than for a townhouse. Condos may be eligible for conventional mortgage loans and government-insured loans. (Study the mortgage basics to learn more about the difference between these types.) Lenders of conventional loans will review the financial health of an HOA, whether most of the units are owner-occupied, and ownership distribution. Interested in an FHA loan or a VA loan? Both agencies maintain respective lists of approved condos.
In the case of a townhouse, the financing process is similar to that of a traditional mortgage because a townhouse includes the land it’s built on. Its value is factored into the process.
9. Resale Value
A large factor in a condo holding value is the management, which isn’t always in the hands of the owner. Strong management can help a condo maintain or grow in value. Additionally, where the condo is located will influence resale value. Condos generally hold value but don’t see the boost in resale expected with single-family homes. Similarly, buying a townhouse may not usher in the appreciation of most single-family homes. 💡 Quick Tip: Your parents or grandparents probably got mortgages for 30 years. But these days, you can get them for 20, 15, or 10 years — and pay less interest over the life of the loan.
Condo vs Townhouse: Which May Be Right for You?
Condos and townhomes have their fair share of differences, as well as some similarities. Overall, condos can offer a low-maintenance property where owners simply look after their condo interior. With condo ownership comes the added perk of shared amenities. But condos come with monthly HOA fees, which must be factored into any purchase. Additionally, the community association and its management of the property will likely have a large impact on what life is like in a particular condo complex. Condo buyers may be more community-minded, as they share space with their neighbors. (If a condo feels like the right choice, read a guide to buying a condo as you embark on your search.)
Townhouses offer more freedom and privacy than condos. Owners may have the option of personalizing their exterior and enjoying outdoor space if the property has a patio or backyard. Townhomes generally require more responsibility and upkeep than a condo, even if there’s an HOA involved. Exterior maintenance will be required. If this sounds like a good fit, dig deeper by reading a guide to buying a townhouse.
Of course, you may be better suited to a different living situation altogether. House or condo? Take a quiz to learn which of these options might be best for you.
The Takeaway
When it comes to finding a home, the perfect fit is up to the individual, but buyers may want to take a hard look at monthly fees, community rules, how social they intend to be, and precisely what they own and must maintain.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Between condos and townhouses, which is cheaper to buy?
The cost of a condo and townhome will vary based on location and size, but condos are often less expensive than townhouses because they come with no land.
Do you own the land around a condo if you buy it?
No. The purchase of a condo only includes the interior.
Is the resale value higher for a condo or townhouse?
In general, condos and townhomes don’t appreciate as quickly as single-family homes. The value will vary based on area, upkeep, and other conditions.
Between condos and townhouses, which has better financing options?
Financing a townhome is like financing a single-family home. A buyer can choose from multiple types of mortgages.
Financing a condo, on the other hand, involves a lender review of the community or inclusion on a list of approved condominium communities. Because a private lender could see a condo as a riskier purchase, the interest rate could be higher unless a large down payment was made.
Photo credit: iStock/Inhabitant
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SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
The Mortgage Banker’s Association is again arguing that the proposed legislation to allow bankruptcy judges to alter the terms of a mortgage loan will result in mortgages rates one and a half to two points higher.
On December 12th, 2007, the House Judiciary Committee passed HR 3609, the so-called “Emergency Home Ownership and Mortgage Equity Protection Act of 2007.”
The proposed legislation ends a 110-year old federal protection that prevents bankruptcy judges from altering the terms of mortgage loans tied to primary residences.
“If this proposal becomes law, it will amount to a new tax on homeowners, costing them hundreds of dollars more per month and thousands of dollars more per year,” said MBA Chairman-Elect David Kittle in a statement. “The last thing potential homeowners, and those looking to refinance into new loans, need in this market is higher mortgage payments.”
The MBA believes that such a law would make it more difficult for mortgage lenders to accurately appraise property, leading to higher down payment requirements, higher closing costs, and steeper interest rates to offset risk.
“Congress is, quite laudably, attempting to help consumers who face difficulties paying their mortgages,” Kittle said. “But this law will, ironically, create future difficulties by increasing mortgage costs.”
“To help consumers, Congress should finish work on modernizing the FHA and pass a predatory lending bill that provides uniform protections for all consumers. Congress should not change the bankruptcy laws to help the few at the expense of increasing costs on every borrower seeking a new mortgage.”
The MBA has also launched the “Stop the Bankruptcy Cram Down Resource Center”, which provides state and county-level data explicitly indicating the potential costs to the average homeowner.
In California, assuming you hold a loan amount of $331,926 at a rate of 6% on a 30-year fixed mortgage, the new interest rate could be 7.5%, resulting in a monthly payment increase of $331, and an annual increase of $3,970.
Take a look at your state to see what the possible implications could be.
A condo is a privately owned unit in a community of other units, often with shared areas or amenities. If you’re considering whether to buy or rent a condo, you’ll want to think about the costs, benefits, and responsibilities of each option.
Of course, those who are deciding whether or not to rent have much less riding on their choice, but it’s still worth delving into the pros and cons of this kind of property and if it suits your needs.
Here, you’ll learn about the characteristics that define condos, the pros and cons of these units, and what it’s like to rent or buy a condo.
What Is a Condo?
As noted above, a condo is a privately owned unit that is part of a community of other units, whether that means there are a couple of other residences or dozens. Typically, a condo owner only possesses their unit, unlike the situation with a single-family homeowner, who owns the home and the land under it.
You may be familiar with condos that are rented out for income. If you’ve ever rented an apartment in, say, a complex by the beach, with a shared pool and patio, there’s a chance you’ve been in a condo. Real estate investors often buy condos and rent them out in this way. 💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.
Characteristics of a Condo
Individual condo units are owned by private owners, while common areas are owned and maintained by an association or organization. This might be called a condo association (CA) or a homeowners association (HOA). These groups are not identical, but they do manage a multi-unit residential community.
Your ownership rights may be limited to the space within your condominium, as is the case with most condo high-rises, or you may own an entire standalone structure within a larger community. In a condo situation, the CA or HOA owns the land. In a planned unit development, the homeowners own their lot and share the common area.
Maintenance and Finances of Condos
Condos are popular starter homes, thanks to their low maintenance, relatively cheap purchase price, and general convenience. They may also appeal to investors and people who are downsizing.
With detached single-family homes, you’re on the hook for the bill if any repair issues arise, whether it’s a broken water heater, leaky roof, or malfunctioning air conditioner. This generally isn’t the case with condos, as the property management company employed by the CA or HOA maintains common areas and shared amenities.
Convenience comes with a price, though. Condo owners share maintenance costs, and the expense of a master insurance policy, by paying dues monthly or quarterly. It’s important to budget for these costs. HOA fees,for example, have recently been rising 10% per year. Atop those fees, special assessments can be levied if the HOA needs to pay for a major project.
Condos tend to appreciate at a slower rate than traditional single-family homes, but they cost less. So buyers may want to take both realities into consideration when deciding on house vs. condo.
Recommended: First-Time Homebuyers Guide
Types of Condos
Condos vary widely in structure and appearance, ranging from high-rise buildings to communal developments. Take a closer look:
Condo Developments
These are communities of standalone homes where maintenance of both the interior and exterior are carried by the condo owner, but services like the maintenance of common areas and snow removal are typically handled by a property management company.
All properties within a condo development are bound by the rules of the CA or HOA, so it’s similar to a traditional neighborhood with fixed rules and less upkeep.
Condo Buildings
These are high-rise apartments consisting of individual condo units. The maintenance of the structure, shared utilities, and common areas are the responsibility of the property management company.
If you’re looking at buying or renting an apartment in a large metropolitan area, make sure you understand what it means to choose between a condo and a co-op.
High-rise condo buildings are more common in urban areas and may have higher fees in order to cover the greater costs of maintaining an apartment building and often the salaries of full-time maintenance staff members and doormen.
Pros and Cons of Condos
Next, take a look at the pros and cons of a condo.
Pros of Condos
Here are the upsides of condo life:
• Less maintenance since the CA or HOA is responsible for many aspects of upkeep.
• Affordability. Since you don’t own the land, the price can be lower.
• Possible investment opportunity; can use a condo for rental income.
• Security. Some people appreciate having a condo staff and neighbors nearby.
• Social life. You’re part of a community and will likely know and connect with your neighbors to some extent.
• Amenities. There are often such features as gyms, pools, dog run, coworking space, party rooms, and other perks to enjoy.
Cons of Condos
Next, consider the potential downsides of a condo:
• Association rules. You have to adhere to the guidelines of the community, which may or may not suit you. This can include everything from the appearance of your home’s exterior to when and for how long you may rent your place out.
• Higher interest rates. If you are shopping for a condo to purchase, you may find that the mortgage rates are somewhat higher than what you’d be quoted if you were buying a single-family home.
• Investment risk factor. If you are buying a condo, its value could depend to some extent on other residents and how well they maintain their property.
• Lack of privacy and land. You will have neighbors…so the experience is different from being in your own single-family home on your own land. And you likely won’t have acres of property to plant and use as you wish.
• Rising costs. Your association payments can rise considerably, and assessments are possible as well. That can throw a wrench in your budget.
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Buying or Renting a Condo: Which Is Better?
Whether you’re better off buying or renting a condo — or any of the other types of houses, from modular home to manufactured home, tiny house to townhouse — depends as much as your own circumstances as it does the cost of buying vs. renting in an area.
• Buying: Assuming you’ve decided to settle down in an area for the next three to five years, you might be better off buying a condo if you have a stable income stream and can cover the down payment and closing costs without emptying your emergency fund.
Given how real estate values have risen in the past few years, buying a condo may be a good choice if you’re looking for long-term investment and a chance to build home equity over time.
• Renting: You may be better off renting if there’s a chance you’ll need to relocate within the next few years, or if any upcoming life events might require you to upsize your residence, like having children.
Here’s a closer look at these scenarios.
Pros of Renting a Condo
Renting a condo gives you all of the benefits of living in a private condo unit without the long-term commitment and upfront costs.
• Few maintenance responsibilities: If you’re renting a condo unit in an apartment building, the association is responsible for maintenance, or in the case of an individually owned HVAC system, the owner is.
• More leeway for negotiation: Reliable renters are hard to come by; some condo owners may be more willing to negotiate your monthly rent than professional property managers are.
• Flexibility to end or extend your lease: As a renter, you can often decide whether to end or continue your lease. This makes it easy to cut ties if needed.
Pros of Buying a Condo
Taking out a mortgage to buy a condo more or less freezes your living costs into the future. This will help you avoid rising rents, though association fees can certainly rise.
• More affordable than single-family homes: The price of a condo is usually lower than a single-family home in a given area. This makes it attractive to homebuyers on a budget.
• Freedom to make it your own: Owning a condo gives you more freedom over such features as the appliances and color palette than you’d likely have with a rental.
• Rental potential: Depending on the rules of your association, you may have the right to rent out your condo to generate income.
Finding a Condo
If you’re ready to go out and shop for a condo, you’ll want to assemble a list of must-haves to narrow your search. This applies whether you’re looking to rent or buy.
Are you looking for a more affordable apartment condo or something with more space like a community development? Browse local listings for condo units that match your requirements.
For those seeking to buy a condo, it’s a good idea to find a real estate agent who’s well versed in condo sales. They know the area and can obtain vital info regarding association rules and financials. It’s important to review the rules and fees, and check for any special assessments and their frequency over the years.
Condo Tips
A few more suggestions as you start your hunt:
• If you are planning to buy, it’s also a good idea to thoroughly understand mortgage basics and have financing lined up with a mortgage company so you’re ready to make a bid on a property.
• Know your budget. A mortgage calculator is an excellent tool for helping you figure out your costs.
• Consider checking this HUD site for FHA-approved condos as your primary residence if you are seeking financing with an FHA loan.
💡 Quick Tip: Keep in mind that FHA home loans are available for your primary residence only. Investment properties and vacation homes are not eligible.1
The Takeaway
What is a condo? A condo is a privately owned unit within a community that can be a good starter home or a place to downsize. Or it might be a wise investment property that can bring in rental income. If you’re able to rent a condo, it’s much like renting an apartment, except your landlord may be the owner.
If you’re interested in buying a condo, realize that condo buyers are able to access the same kinds of loans available to buyers of single-family homes, though rates may be slightly higher.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
What’s the difference between an apartment and a condo?
A condo can be a kind of apartment, which is a residential unit that’s part of a larger building. An apartment can be owned or rented, as can a condo. However, a condo is a specific kind of unit ownership in which there are communal facilities and shared maintenance charges.
What is the difference between a condo and a townhouse?
With a condo, you own your unit but not the land under and around it. You pay for your unit (rent or mortgage). Association charges cover maintenance and repairs, and property taxes apply to owners. With a townhouse, the property includes the residence and the land it sits on and that surrounds it. You will pay your rent or mortgage and real estate taxes, but may not be part of an association or obligated to pay those fees.
Is a condo the same as a flat?
Many people use the terms condo, apartment, and flat interchangeably. While an apartment and a flat are the same thing, a condo refers to a style of ownership of a dwelling unit that’s part of a community. It may be an apartment, but the way it’s bought or rented can differ.
Photo Credit: iStock/Edwin Tan
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