A secured credit card is a bit different than an unsecured credit card. It’s an unsecured card that most of us think of as a traditional credit card. The difference between a secured card and an unsecured card is that a secured card requires a security deposit to get. That deposit is either a down payment on your credit line or your entire credit line.
And because building credit requires having credit to use, secured credit cards are a fabulous way to fill the gap for those that don’t have a credit history or who’ve ended up with a bad or poor credit rating. And roughly 30% of Americans have bad credit or poor credit, which is almost 70 million people
And with poor credit, you can find it difficult or even impossible to get a car loan or mortgage. It can even make getting an apartment lease tough. And it can make getting a traditional credit card tough too. And even if you can get a loan, lease or credit card, your bad credit will cost you in higher interest rates and monthly payments.
There’s no instant cure for bad credit, but you can improve your score with work and careful planning. One of the ways you can improve that score is with a secured credit card.
Are you asking: “What is a secured credit card?” Keep reading for an explanation of what one is and how it can help build or rebuild your credit score and/or credit history.
What Is a Secured Credit Card?
Some credit card issuers offer secured credit cards. These cards are an option for those with less-than-perfect credit scores or no credit history. But, they have a catch. That catch is a required deposit.
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When you apply for a secured credit card, the credit card issuer takes a refundable security deposit. That deposit gets you approved for the card and for a small credit line. The credit line is usually small like $200 or $500. But some cards offer higher credit lines—even up to $3,000.
With most secured cards, your security deposit is your credit limit. Your deposit acts as collateral against any payments you might miss and your poor or absent credit rating. Since your deposit equals your total credit limit in most cases, the issuer won’t lose money if you miss a payment.
Secured Vs. Unsecured Credit Cards
The other main form of credit card is an unsecured credit card. Credit card issuers don’t require a deposit when for traditional unsecured credit cards.
You can have a good credit score and still get turned down for an unsecured credit card based. For example, they may turn you down if your annual income isn’t high enough or if you have several other credit cards near their limit
Who Are Secured Credit Cards For?
Secured credit cards are intended for two types of cardholders:
Those who want and need to improve bad credit or poor credit scores
Those who need to start building on a limited or nonexistent credit history
Both of these types of cardholders are challenged with low credit scores.
If you fit into either of the above categories and as a result, you’re having trouble qualifying for a traditional credit card, secured credit cards could be a good solution.
Keep in mind that it’s still possible to be turned down for a secured credit card, particularly if you have a blemish like bankruptcy on your credit history.
How Secured Cards Help You Build Credit?
The major credit bureaus calculate your credit scores. They use many factors in modeling that score. While a secured card can’t fix all the issues that go into your score, like payment history, debt usage, credit history, account mix and credit inquiries, it can help you with most.
One of the big factors in your credit score is the percentage of on-time payments. The higher the percentage the better with 100% being ideal. Issuers that offer secured cards report your payments to the credit bureaus each month the same way they report unsecured credit card payments.
The best way to build your credit with a secured card is to use the card responsibly and make your monthly payments on time, every time. That way, you’ll build a positive payment history on your credit.
There are other ways to use your card to build your credit too.
The credit bureaus also look at how much of your credit you use—called debt usage. If you keep the balance on your secured card low, it helps boost your score. As a general rule, don’t use more than 30% of your credit limit if possible. Even better, use no more than 10%. Thirty percent of $500 is $150. Ten percent is $50. Following that guideline shows you can use credit wisely by not maxing out your card or cards.
Another factor credit bureaus look at is your account mix. You want a healthy mix of accounts. Long-term accounts increase your available credit limit, so they lower your debt usage. They also add to your account mix. Keeping your secured card—even if you’re not using it—is a good idea.
Note though, if you apply for too many credit cards, it can hurt your score. Each application puts a hard inquiry on your credit report. So, find one card and apply and only apply for another if you’re declined. Also, consider applying to cards that don’t check your credit history like the OpenSky® Secured Visa® Credit Card or one that prequalifies you with a credit check like the Merrick Bank Secured Credit Card.
Merrick Bank Secured Credit Card
Choose your own credit line based on how much money you want to put down as a security deposit.
Initial deposits can be from $200 to $3,000. You can increase your credit line at any time by adding additional money to your security deposit, up to $3,000.
After 9 months, we review your account for a credit line increase. No additional deposit required!
Secured Credit Cards are great for people looking to build or rebuild credit and are available to people with all kinds of credit backgrounds.
Unlike a debit card or a pre-paid card, it helps build your credit history. We report your payment history to all three major credit-reporting agencies.
Get your FICO® Credit Score for free each month.
Fraud coverage if your card is lost or stolen. Access your account 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Get help staying on track with available Auto Pay and account alerts.
Card issued by Merrick Bank, Member FDIC.
Tips for Using a Secured Card Wisely
Getting a secured card is only the first step. You must use the card in a smart manner to get the most benefit from it.
You might find yourself tempted to put the card away and never use it. That approach provides limited value for your credit score. It just shows up on your credit report as available credit.
You want to use the credit, a little, to prove you can use it responsibly. One way you can do that is through occasional small purchases.
For example, you can buy a parent or sibling a small gift they need, such as a blender or microwave. Then you pay that off over the course of a few months or in full at the end of the month.
Pay for minor car maintenance with it, like an oil change. Most oil changes come in under $75, which makes it something you can reasonably pay off in a month or two. You also get something useful and necessary out of the deal.
Don’t use your card for impulse purchases. Your credit limit might cover the cost of a video game or new jacket you want. Give yourself a two-day cooling off period and then ask: “Is that the best use of my credit card?” In most instances, the answer is no. Those kinds of purchases eat up credit you might need for an emergency, without providing much value in return.
Is There a Downside to Secured Cards?
Secured cards can have higher interest rates—dubbed annual percentage rate or APR—than other credit lines, though APRs vary a lot from card to card. There are many secured cards that have better APRs than traditional credit cards—especially rewards credit cards that charge higher interest rates to make up for the rewards you earn.
For example, the Applied Bank® Secured Visa® Gold Preferred® Credit Card at publication time has an ongoing APR of just 9.99% Fixed and the First Progress Platinum Prestige Mastercard® Secured Credit Card an ongoing APR of 15.24% Variable APR for Purchases.
Like any credit card, secured credit cards may charge an annual fee. Fees tend to range from $29 to $50. But, like traditional credit cards, there are secured cards that have no annual fee.
If you’re dreaming of earning points or cash-back with a secured card, you’re out of luck. These cards don’t come with added perks outside of helping you build credit. But, if you use it right and do build your credit, you’ll be on your way to qualifying for a rewards credit card before you know it.
Always make sure you understand exactly what the company offers before you apply. That way you can get a card that better suits your situation.
Parting Thoughts on Secured Credit Cards
You can answer the question, what is a secured credit card, by saying it’s an opportunity to build your credit.
When you can’t get an unsecured credit card, it makes rebuilding your credit more difficult. A secured credit card lets you establish that you can use credit responsibly, make on-time payments and keep an account in good standing.
Credit.com helps consumers by providing practical information about getting and using credit. To help you track your quest for better credit, and to find out where you stand before applying for a new credit card, get your free Experian credit score, right here on Credit.com. Your score includes a free credit report card that helps you track where you stand on payment history, debt usage, credit history, account mix and credit inquiries and how you can improve each area.
First-time home buyers worrying about housing affordability face two obstacles: high home prices and high mortgage rates.
Home prices have continued to rise in over 85% of U.S. cities, and according to a recent Redfin report, a homebuyer must earn $115,000 to afford a typical home, which is $40,000 more than the average American household earns.
One way for this gap to correct is for mortgage rates to go down, but this is something that Bank of America Corp. (NYSE:BAC) CEO Brian Moynihan does not foresee anytime soon.
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Compared to historical mortgage rates today’s rates might not be so bad, Moynihan said. People likely will get used to mortgage rates of 6% to 7%, given that mortgage rates were over 18% in the 1980s during the Federal Reserve’s inflation-fighting efforts, he told CNBC.
Given this backdrop, Moynihan argues that today’s mortgage rates are more normal than during the unorthodox rate policy in the 15 years after the Great Financial Crisis, saying, “For 15 years, we had no real rate structure, you know, rate structure in the United States and around the world.”
For consumers hoping to catch a break with lower mortgage rates, Goldman Sachs signals caution as well.
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It extended its first expected rate cut past the Fed’s May meeting after Federal Reserve policymakers have pushed back on the market’s expectation of rate cuts this year, citing a need to see more consistent evidence of inflation stabilizing around the 2% target.
However, lower mortgage rates influenced by future Fed cuts aren’t the only way buyers can hope for a lower rate.
U.S. consumers have been able to afford homes by purchasing newly built houses from home builders that have been willing to buy down buyers’ mortgage rates to allow them to afford them. Homebuilders cannot wait for the Fed to lower rates to continue their business in the same way an individual homebuyer might be more willing to wait.
About 75% of homebuilders are offering mortgage rates lower than a homebuyer could get from a traditional financial institution, according to John Burns Research & Consulting. Whether the trend of homebuilders aggressively buying down mortgage rates to encourage home sales is set to continue is up for debate, but one big investor has shaken up his portfolio regarding homebuilder stocks.
Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc. has recently been optimistic about the prospects of U.S. homebuilders, disclosing its stake in three major companies in the second quarter of 2023: D.R. Horton Inc. (NYSE:DHI), NVR Inc. (NYSE:NVR) and Lennar Corp. (NYSE:LEN).
However, Buffett switched course quickly on D.R. Horton, which was once his largest homebuilder stock. In the fourth quarter last year, Berkshire Hathaway announced it sold out of D.R. Horton while keeping both NVR and Lennar.
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This article 7% Mortgage Rates Are Here To Stay, Bank of America’s CEO Warns As Warren Buffett Sells Out Of This Homebuilder Stock originally appeared on Benzinga.com
Mortgage rates continued their upward trend this week, nearing 7% and piling on the unaffordability crisis that threatens to dampen the typical spring buying frenzy.
Freddie Mac’s latest Primary Mortgage Market Survey released Thursday showed that the average rate on the benchmark 30-year fixed mortgage climbed to 6.9% this week, up from 6.77% last week. The average rate on a 30-year loan was 6.50% a year ago.
The rate on the 15-year fixed mortgage also increased, averaging 6.29% after coming in last week at 6.12%. One year ago, the rate on the 15-year fixed note averaged 5.76%.
REAL ESTATE EXPERT’S ADVICE TO HOMEBUYERS: ‘DON’T BUY’ YOUR AMERICAN DREAM HOME NOW
“Historically, the combination of a vibrant economy and modestly higher rates did not meaningfully impact the housing market,” Freddie Mac chief economist Sam Khater said in a statement. “The current cycle is different than historical norms, as housing affordability is so low that good economic news equates to bad news for homebuyers, who are sensitive to even minor shifts in affordability.”
Buying activity tends to pick up in the spring following slower winter months, but elevated rates and sky-high home prices have stalled the housing market as more would-be buyers and sellers are priced out or opting not to move.
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HAVE KIDS? GOOD LUCK BUYING A HOUSE THIS YEAR
“Recent surges in new listing activities suggested that we might have a busy spring ahead,” said Realtor.com economist Jaiyi Xu. “However, the recent increase in mortgage rates has the potential to slow the market by disrupting the plans of many buyers, especially in a market where a significant number of consumers are anticipating lower mortgage rates, not higher.”
Robert Frick, a corporate economist at Navy Federal Credit Union, says rates are climbing because the futures markets have temporarily lost faith in the Federal Reserve cutting the federal funds rate soon, and in a “higher for longer” scenario that means higher mortgage rates, too.
“But market expectations can turn on a dime, and are always just one Fed meeting or data drop away from shifting,” Frick told FOX Business. “We saw that mortgage rates around 7% in January actually boosted existing home sales, and if rates fall below 6% this year, as many forecast, home sales volume should accelerate.”
Original article source: Mortgage rates rise again, threatening to slow spring housing market
The VA home loan: Unbeatable benefits for veterans
For many who qualify, VA home loans are some of the best mortgages available.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA loans are designed to help active-duty military personnel, veterans and certain other groups become homeowners at an affordable cost.
The VA loan asks for no down payment, requires no mortgage insurance, and has lenient rules about qualifying, among many other advantages.
Here’s everything you need to know about qualifying for and using a VA loan.
In this article (Skip to…)
Top 10 VA loan benefits
1. No down payment on a VA loan
Most home loan programs require you to make at least a small down payment to buy a home. The VA home loan is an exception.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Rather than paying 5%, 10%, 20% or more of the home’s purchase price upfront in cash, with a VA loan you can finance up to 100% of the purchase price.
The VA loan is a true no-money-down home mortgage opportunity.
2. No mortgage insurance for VA loans
Typically, lenders require you to pay for mortgage insurance if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%.
This insurance — which is known as private mortgage insurance (PMI) for a conventional loan and a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) for an FHA loan — would protect the lender if you defaulted on your loan.
VA loans require neither a down payment nor mortgage insurance. That makes a VA-backed mortgage very affordable upfront and over time.
3. VA loans have a government guarantee
There’s a reason why the VA loan comes with such favorable terms.
The federal government guarantees these loans — meaning a portion of the loan amount will be repaid to the lender even if you’re unable to make monthly payments for whatever reason.
This guarantee encourages and enables private lenders to offer VA loans with exceptionally attractive terms.
4. You can shop for the best VA loan rates
VA loans are neither originated nor funded by the VA. They are not direct loans from the government. Furthermore, mortgage rates for VA loans are not set by the VA itself.
Instead, VA loans are offered by U.S. banks, savings-and-loans institutions, credit unions, and mortgage lenders — each of which sets its own VA loan rates and fees.
This means you can shop around and compare loan offers and still choose the VA loan that works best for your budget.
5. VA loans don’t allow a prepayment penalty
A VA loan won’t restrict your right to sell the property partway through your loan term.
There’s no prepayment penalty or early-exit fee no matter within what time frame you decide to sell your home.
Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding a refinance of your VA loan.
You can refinance your existing VA loan into another VA loan via the agency’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL) program, or switch into a non-VA loan at any time.
6. VA mortgages come in many varieties
A VA loan can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. In addition, you can use a VA loan to buy a house, condo, new-built home, manufactured home, duplex, or other types of properties.
Or, it can be used for refinancing your existing mortgage, making repairs or improvements to your home, or making your home more energy-efficient.
The choice is yours. A VA-approved lender can help you decide.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
7. It’s easier to qualify for VA loans
Like all mortgage types, VA loans require specific documentation, an acceptable credit history, and sufficient income to make your monthly payments.
But, compared to other loan programs, VA loan guidelines tend to be more flexible. This is made possible because of the VA loan guarantee.
The Department of Veterans Affairs genuinely wants to make the loan process easier for military members, veterans, and qualifying military spouses to buy or refinance a home.
8. VA loan closing costs are lower
The VA limits the closing costs lenders can charge to VA loan applicants. This is another way that a VA loan can be more affordable than other types of loans.
Money saved on closing costs can be used for furniture, moving costs, home improvements, or anything else.
9. The VA offers funding fee flexibility
VA loans require a “funding fee,” an upfront cost based on your loan amount, your type of eligible service, your down payment size, and other factors.
Funding fees don’t need to be paid in cash, though. The VA allows the fee to be financed with the loan, so nothing is due at closing.
And, not all VA borrowers will pay it. VA funding fees are normally waived for veterans who receive VA disability compensation and for unmarried surviving spouses of veterans who died in service or as a result of a service-connected disability.
10. VA loans are assumable
Most VA loans are “assumable,” which means you can transfer your VA loan to a future home buyer if that person is also VA-eligible.
Assumable loans can be a huge benefit when you sell your home — especially in a rising mortgage rate environment.
If your home loan has today’s low rate and market rates rise in the future, the assumption features of your VA become even more valuable.
VA loan rates
The VA loan is viewed as one of the lowest-risk mortgage types available on the market.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
This safety allows banks to lend to veteran borrowers at lower interest rates.
Today’s VA loan rates*
Loan Type
Current Mortgage Rate
VA 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
VA 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
*Current rates provided daily by partners of the Mortgage Reports. See our loan assumptions here.
VA rates are more than 25 basis points (0.25%) lower than conventional rates on average, according to data collected by mortgage software company Ellie Mae.
Most loan programs require higher down payment and credit scores than the VA home loan. In the open market, a VA loan should carry a higher rate due to more lenient lending guidelines and higher perceived risk.
Yet the result of the Veterans Affairs efforts to keep veterans in their homes means lower risk for banks and lower borrowing costs for eligible veterans.
VA mortgage calculator
Eligibility
Am I eligible for a VA home loan?
Contrary to popular belief, VA loans are available not only to veterans, but also to other classes of military members.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
The list of eligible VA borrowers includes:
Active-duty service members
Members of the National Guard
Reservists
Surviving spouses of veterans
Cadets at the U.S. Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academy
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy
Officers at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
A minimum term of service is typically required.
Minimum service required for a VA mortgage
VA home loans are available to active-duty service members, veterans (unless dishonorably discharged), and in some cases, surviving family members.
To be eligible, you need to meet one of these service requirements:
You’ve served 181 days of active duty during peacetime
You’ve served 90 days of active duty during wartime
You’ve served six years in the Reserves or National Guard
Your spouse was killed in the line of duty and you have not remarried
Your eligibility for the VA home loan program never expires.
Veterans who earned their VA entitlement long ago are still using their benefit to buy homes.
The VA loan Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
What is a COE?
In order to show a mortgage company you are VA-eligible, you’ll need a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Your lender can acquire one for you online, usually in a matter of seconds.
Verify your VA home loan eligibility. Start here
How to get your COE (Certificate of Eligibility)
Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is very easy in most cases. Simply have your lender order the COE through the VA’s automated system. Any VA-approved lender can do this.
Alternatively, you can order your certificate yourself through the VA benefits portal.
If the online system is unable to issue your COE, you’ll need to provide your DD-214 form to your lender or the VA.
Does a COE mean you are guaranteed a VA loan?
No, having a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) doesn’t guarantee a VA loan approval.
Your COE shows the lender you’re eligible for a VA loan, but no one is guaranteed VA loan approval.
You must still qualify for the loan based on VA mortgage guidelines. The guarantee part of the VA loan refers to the VA’s promise to the lender of repayment if the borrower defaults.
Qualifying for a VA mortgage
VA loan eligibility vs. qualification
Being eligible for VA home loan benefits based on your military status or affiliation doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll qualify for a VA loan.
You still have to qualify for a VA mortgage based on your credit, debt, and income.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA has established no minimum credit score for a VA mortgage.
However, many VA mortgage lenders require minimum FICO scores of 620 or higher — so apply with many lenders if your credit score might be an issue.
Even VA lenders that allow lower credit scores don’t accept subprime credit.
VA underwriting guidelines state that applicants must have paid their obligations on time for at least the most recent 12 months to be considered satisfactory credit risks.
In addition, the VA usually requires a two-year waiting period following a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or foreclosure before it will insure a loan.
Borrowers in Chapter 13 must have made at least 12 on-time payments and secure the approval of the bankruptcy court.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
VA loan debt-to-income ratios
The relationship of your debts and your income is called your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI.
VA underwriters divide your monthly debts (car payments, credit cards, and other accounts, plus your proposed housing expense) by your gross (before-tax) income to come up with your debt-to-income ratio.
For instance:
If your gross income is $4,000 per month
And your total monthly debt is $1,500 (including the new mortgage, property taxes and homeowners insurance, plus other debt payments)
Then your DTI is 37.5% (1500/4000=0.375)
A DTI over 41% means the lender has to apply additional formulas to see if you qualify under residual income guidelines.
VA residual income rules
VA underwriters perform additional calculations that can affect your mortgage approval.
Factoring in your estimated monthly utilities, your estimated taxes on income, and the area of the country in which you live, the VA arrives at a figure which represents your “true” costs of living.
It then subtracts that figure from your income to find your residual income (e.g. your money “left over” each month).
Think of the residual income calculation as a real-world simulation of your living expenses.
It is the VA’s best effort to ensure that military families have a stress-free homeownership experience.
Here is an example of how residual income works, assuming a family of four which is purchasing a 2,000 square-foot home on a $5,000 monthly income.
Future house payment, plus other debt payments: $2,500
Monthly estimated income taxes: $1,000
Monthly estimated utilities at $0.14 per square foot: $280
This leaves a residual income calculation of $1,220.
Now, compare that residual income to for a family of four:
Northeast Region: $1,025
Midwest Region: $1,003
South Region: $1,003
West Region: $1,117
The borrower in our example exceeds VA’s residual income standards in all parts of the country.
Therefore, despite the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio of 50%, the borrower could get approved for a VA loan.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Qualifying for a VA loan with part-time income
You can qualify for this type of financing even if you have a part-time job or multiple jobs.
You must show a 2-year history of making consistent part-time income, and stability in the number of hours worked. The lender will make sure any income received appears stable. See our complete guide to getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed or work part-time.
VA funding fees and loan limits
About the VA funding fee
The VA charges an upfront fee to defray the costs of the program and make it sustainable for the future.
Veterans pay a lump sum that varies depending on the loan purpose and down payment amount.
The fee is normally wrapped into the loan. It does not add to the cash needed to close the loan.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
VA home purchase funding fees
Type of Military Service
Down Payment
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Use
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
None
2.3%
3.6%
5% or more
1.65%
1.65%
10% or more
1.4%
1.4%
VA cash-out refinance funding fees
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
2.3%
3.6%
VA streamline refinances (IRRRL) & assumptions
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
0.5%
0.5%
Manufactured home loans not permanently affixed
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
1.0%
1.0%
VA loan limits in 2024
VA loan limits have been repealed, thanks to the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019.
There is no maximum amount for which a home buyer can receive a VA loan, at least as far as the VA is concerned.
However, private lenders may set their own limits. So check with your lender if you are looking for a VA loan above local conforming loan limits.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Eligible property types
Houses you can buy with a VA loan
VA mortgages are flexible about what types of property you can and can’t purchase. A VA loan can be used to buy a:
Detached house
Condo
New-built home
Manufactured home
Duplex, triplex or four-unit property
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
You can also use a VA mortgage to refinance an existing loan for any of those types of properties.
VA loans and second homes
Federal regulations limit loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs to “primary residences” only.
However, “primary residence” is defined as the home in which you live “most of the year.”
Therefore, if you own an out-of-state residence in which you live for more than six months of the year, this other home, whether it’s your vacation home or retirement property, becomes your official “primary residence.”
For this reason, VA loans are popular among aging military borrowers.
Buying a multi-unit home with a VA loan
VA loans allow you to buy a duplex, triplex, or four-plex with 100% financing. You must live in one of the units.
Buying a home with more than one unit can be challenging.
Mortgage lenders consider these properties riskier to finance than traditional, single-family residences, so you’ll need to be a stronger borrower.
VA underwriters must make sure you will have enough emergency savings, or cash reserves, after closing on your house. That’s to ensure you’ll have money to pay your mortgage even if a tenant fails to pay rent or moves out.
The minimum cash reserves needed after closing is six months of mortgage payments (covering principal, interest, taxes, and insurance – PITI).
Your lender will also want to know about previous landlord experience you’ve had, or any experience with property maintenance or renting.
If you don’t have any, you may be able to sidestep that issue by hiring a property management company. But that’s up to the individual lender.
Your lender will look at the income (or potential income) of the rental units, using either existing rental agreements or an appraiser’s opinion of what the units should fetch.
They’ll usually take 75% of that amount to offset your mortgage payment when calculating your monthly expenses.
VA loans and rental properties
You cannot use a VA loan to buy a rental property. You can, however, use a VA loan to refinance an existing rental home you once occupied as a primary home.
For home purchases, in order to obtain a VA loan, you must certify that you intend to occupy the home as your principal residence.
If the property is a duplex, triplex, or four-unit apartment building, you must occupy one of the units yourself. Then you can rent out the other units.
The exception to this rule is the VA’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL).
This loan, also known as the VA Streamline Refinance, can be used for refinancing an existing VA loan on a home where you currently live or where you used to live, but no longer do.
Check your VA IRRRL eligibility. Start here
Buying a condo with a VA loan
The VA maintains a list of approved condo projects within which you may purchase a unit with a VA loan.
At VA’s website, you can search for the thousands of approved condominium complexes across the U.S.
If you are VA-eligible and in the market for a condo, make sure the unit you’re interested in is approved.
As a buyer, you are probably not able to get the complex VA-approved. That’s up to the management company or homeowner’s association.
If a condo you like is not approved, you must use other financing like an FHA or conventional loan or find another property.
Note that the condo must meet FHA or conventional guidelines if you want to use those types of financing.
Veteran mortgage relief with the VA loan
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, provides home retention assistance. The VA intervenes when a veteran is having trouble making home loan payments.
The VA works with loan servicers to offer loan options to the veteran, other than foreclosure.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
In fiscal year 2019, the VA made over 400,000 contact actions to reach borrowers and loan servicers. The intent was to work out a mutually agreeable repayment option for both parties.
More than 100,000 veteran homeowners avoided foreclosure in 2019 alone thanks to this effort.
The initiative has saved the taxpayer an estimated $2.6 billion. More importantly, vast numbers of veterans and military families got another chance at homeownership.
When NOT to use a VA loan
If you have good credit and 20% down
A primary advantage to VA home loans is the lack of mortgage insurance.
However, the VA guarantee does not come free of charge. Borrowers pay an upfront funding fee, which they usually choose to add to their loan amount.
The fee ranges from 1.4% to 3.6%, depending on the down payment percentage and whether the home buyer has previously used his or her VA mortgage eligibility. The most common fee is 2.3%.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
On a $200,000 purchase, a 2.3% fee equals $4,600.
However, buyers who choose a conventional mortgage and put 20% down get to avoid mortgage insurance and the upfront fee. For these military home buyers, the VA funding fee might be an unnecessary expense.
The exception: Mortgage applicants whose credit rating or income meets VA guidelines but not those of conventional mortgages may still opt for VA.
If you’re on the “CAIVRS” list
To qualify for a VA loan, you must prove you have made good on previous government-backed debts and that you have paid taxes.
The Credit Alert Verification Reporting System, or “CAIVRS,” is a database of consumers who have defaulted on government obligations. These individuals are not eligible for the VA home loan program.
If you have a non-veteran co-borrower
Veterans often apply to buy a home with a non-veteran who is not their spouse.
This is okay. However, it might not be their best choice.
As the veteran, your income must cover your half of the loan payment. The non-veteran’s income cannot be used to compensate for the veteran’s insufficient income.
Plus, when a non-veteran owns half the loan, the VA guarantees only half that amount. The lender will require a 12.5% down payment for the non-guaranteed portion.
The Conventional 97 mortgage, on the other hand, allows down payments as low as 3%.
Another low-down-payment mortgage option is the FHA home loan, for which 3.5% down is acceptable.
The USDA home loan also requires zero down payment and offers similar rates to VA loans. However, the property must be within USDA-eligible areas.
If you plan to borrow with a non-veteran, one of these loan types might be your better choice.
Explore your mortgage options. Start here
If you apply with a credit-challenged spouse
In states with community property laws, VA lenders must consider the credit rating and financial obligations of your spouse. This rule applies even if he or she will not be on the home’s title or even on the mortgage.
Such states are as follows.
Arizona
California
Idaho
Louisiana
Nevada
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
A spouse with less-than-perfect credit or who owes alimony, child support, or other maintenance can make your VA approval more challenging.
Apply for a conventional loan if you qualify for the mortgage by yourself. The spouse’s financial history and status need not be considered if he or she is not on the loan application.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
If you want to buy a vacation home or investment property
The purpose of VA financing is to help veterans and active-duty service members buy and live in their own home. This loan is not meant to build real estate portfolios.
These loans are for primary residences only, so if you want a ski cabin or rental, you’ll have to get a conventional loan.
If you want to purchase a high-end home
Starting January 2020, there are no limits to the size of mortgage a lender can approve.
However, lenders may establish their own limits for VA loans, so check with your lender before applying for a large VA loan.
Spouses and the VA mortgage program
What spouses are eligible for a VA loan?
What if the service member passes away before he or she uses the benefit? Eligibility passes to an unremarried spouse, in many cases.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
For the surviving spouse to be eligible, the deceased service member must have:
Died in the line of duty
Passed away as a result of a service-connected disability
Been missing in action, or a prisoner of war, for at least 90 days
Been a totally disabled veteran for at least 10 years prior to death, and died from any cause
Also eligible are remarried spouses who married after the age of 57, on or after December 16, 2003.
In these cases, the surviving spouse can use VA loan eligibility to buy a home with zero down payment, just as the veteran would have.
VA loan benefits for surviving spouses
Surviving spouses have an additional VA loan benefit, however. They are exempt from the VA funding fee. As a result, their loan balance and monthly payment will be lower.
Surviving spouses are also eligible for a VA streamline refinance when they meet the following guidelines.
The surviving spouse was married to the veteran at the time of death
The surviving spouse was on the original VA loan
VA streamline refinancing is typically not available when the deceased veteran was the only applicant on the original VA loan, even if he or she got married after buying the home.
In this case, the surviving spouse would need to qualify for a non-VA refinance, or a VA cash-out loan.
A cash-out mortgage through VA requires the military spouse to meet home purchase eligibility requirements.
If this is the case, the surviving spouse can tap into the home’s equity to raise cash for any purpose, or even pay off an FHA or conventional loan to eliminate mortgage insurance.
Qualifying if you receive (or pay) child support or alimony
Buying a home after a divorce is no easy task.
If, prior to your divorce, you lived in a two-income household, you now have less spending power and a reduced monthly income for purposes of your VA home loan application.
With less income, it can be harder to meet both the VA Home Loan Guaranty’s debt-to-income (DTI) guidelines and the VA residual income requirement for your area.
Receiving alimony or child support can counteract a loss of income.
Mortgage lenders will not require you to provide information about your divorce agreement’s alimony or child support terms, but if you’re willing to disclose, it can count toward qualifying for a home loan.
Different VA-approved lenders will treat alimony and child support income differently.
Typically, you will be asked to provide a copy of your divorce settlement or other court paperwork to support the alimony and child support payments.
Lenders will then want to see that the payments are stable, reliable, and likely to continue for another 36 months, at least.
You may also be asked to show proof that alimony and child support payments have been made in the past reliably, so that the lender may use the income as part of your VA loan application.
If you are the payor of alimony and child support payments, your debt-to-income ratio can be harmed.
Not only might you be losing the second income of your dual-income households, but you’re making additional payments that count against your outflows.
VA mortgage lenders make careful calculations with respect to such payments.
You can still get approved for a VA loan while making such payments — it’s just more difficult to show sufficient monthly income.
VA loan assumption
What is VA loan assumption?
One benefit for home buyers is that VA loans are assumable. When you assume a mortgage loan, you take over the current homeowner’s monthly payment.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
That could be a big advantage if mortgage rates have risen since the original owner purchased the home. The buyer would be able to acquire a low-rate, affordable loan — and it could make it easier for the seller to find a willing buyer in a tough market.
VA loan assumption savings
Buying a home via an assumable mortgage loan is even more appealing when interest rates are on the rise.
For example:
Say a seller-financed $200,000 for their home in 2013 at an interest rate of 3.25% on a 30-year fixed loan
Using this scenario, their principal and interest payment would be $898 per month
Let’s assume current 30-year fixed rates averaged 4.10%
If you financed $200,000 at 4.10% for a 30-year loan term, your monthly principal and interest payment would be $966 per month
Additionally, because the seller has already paid four years into the loan term, they’ve already paid nearly $25,000 in interest on the loan.
By assuming the loan, you would save $34,560 over the 30-year loan due to the difference in interest rates. You would also save roughly $25,000 thanks to the interest already paid by the sellers.
That comes out to a total savings of almost $60,000!
How to assume (take on) a VA loan
There are currently two ways to assume a VA loan.
The new buyer is a qualified veteran who “substitutes” his or her VA eligibility for the eligibility of the seller
The new home buyer qualifies through VA standards for the mortgage payment. This is the safest method for the seller as it allows the loan to be assumed knowing that the new buyer is responsible for the loan, and the seller is no longer responsible for the loan
The lender and/or the VA needs to approve a loan assumption.
Loans serviced by a lender with automatic authority may process assumptions without sending them to a VA Regional Loan Center.
For lenders without automatic authority, the loan must be sent to the appropriate VA Regional Loan Center for approval. This loan process will typically take several weeks.
When VA loans are assumed, it’s the servicer’s responsibility to make sure the homeowner who assumes the property meets both VA and lender requirements.
VA loan assumption requirements
For a VA mortgage assumption to take place, the following conditions must be met:
The existing loan must be current. If not, any past due amounts must be paid at or before closing
The buyer must qualify based on VA credit and income standards
The buyer must assume all mortgage obligations, including repayment to the VA if the loan goes into default
The original owner or new owner must pay a funding fee of 0.5% of the existing principal loan balance
A processing fee must be paid in advance, including a reasonable estimate for the cost of the credit report
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
Finding assumable VA loans
There are several ways for home buyers to find an assumable VA loan.
Believe it or not, print media is still alive and well. Some home sellers advertise their assumable home for sale in the newspaper, or in a local real estate publication.
There are a number of online resources for finding assumable mortgage loans.
Websites like TakeList.com and Zumption.com give homeowners a way to showcase their properties to home buyers looking to assume a loan.
With the help of the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), real estate agents remain a great resource for home buyers.
This applies to home buyers specifically searching for assumable VA loans as well.
How do I apply for a VA loan?
You can easily and quickly have a lender pull your certificate of eligibility (COE) to make sure you’re able to get a VA loan.
Most mortgage lenders offer VA home loans. So you’re free to shop and compare rates with just about any company that catches your eye.
Getting a VA loan for your new home is similar in many ways to securing any other purchase loan. Once you find an ideal home in your price range, you make a purchase offer, and then undergo VA appraisal and underwriting.
VA appraisal ensures that the home meets its minimum property requirements (MPRs) and is structurally sound and safe for occupancy.
What’s more, VA-specific mortgage lenders are actually some of the highest-rated (and lowest-priced) on the market. Here are a few we’d recommend checking out.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Automation, Pre-Approval, QC Products; Rent vs. Buy; More Proposed Paperwork for Lenders
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Automation, Pre-Approval, QC Products; Rent vs. Buy; More Proposed Paperwork for Lenders
By: Rob Chrisman
7 Hours, 10 Min ago
Saturday was George Thorogood’s 74th birthday, and fans know that he wrote the classic tale of rent collection, land ladies, and payment avoidance. Time flies, but that may change. We’re faced with an actual five-day workweek this week, with no Federal holidays until Memorial Day, May 27th, two months away! Yikes. Here in Houston at the TMBA’s Southern Secondary Conference, the attendees are already making use of what time they have, discussing best execution procedures, warehouse tactics, management strategies, economic trends, the market for servicing, and operational efficiencies. I’m a capital markets guy, so arguably learned math good. But I didn’t learn math like this! MBS versus cash sales pick-ups is always a favorite topic, although last year the market was deluged by excess servicing trades. Flow and bulk purchasers of HELOCs and 2nds is search being undertaken by some, as well as climate change and insurance cost increases. (Found here, this week’s podcast is brought to you by nCino, makers of the nCino Mortgage Suite for the modern mortgage lender. nCino Mortgage Suite’s three core products – nCino Mortgage, nCino Incentive Compensation, and nCino Mortgage Analytics – unite the people, systems, and stages of the mortgage process. Today’s has an interview with Yardsworth’s Matt Lucido on creative ways that homeowners can leverage their tappable equity, and how we can see more supply hit the market.)
Lender and Broker Services, Products, and Software
Promising Updated MBA Forecast: The MBA released their recent forecasted predictions on mortgage originations (1 to 4 family). A welcome sight is that they predict a 25+ percent increase in 2Q over 1Q 2024 and a 13 percent increase in 3Q over 2Q 2024. In addition, the 3Q 2024 prediction is nearly 22 percent higher than the same quarter in 2023’s actual originations. As volumes continue to rise quickly, having a solid quality control program is as important as ever in order to continue to produce quality loans while mitigating risk. Quest Advisors has nearly 30 years of experience in assisting mortgage lenders with their quality control needs. Examples of services Quest Advisors provides, are Post-Closing and Prefunding loan QC reviews, along with Servicing, HMDA, and MERS audits. To find out more information on how Quest Advisors can help, please reach out to Matthew Reich at (336) 404-1409.
Tired of paying costly Agency LLPAs for non-owner occupied (NOO) and second home loans? More than 150+ originators have signed up to receive daily mandatory bids and MAXEX is currently winning more than 10 percent of loans bid! Get competitive pricing from five leading non-agency buyers and underwrite to Agency guidelines while avoiding Agency LLPAs. It all seamlessly integrates with your existing bulk trading process. Visit maxex.com/conforming to learn more.
Get a Sweetheart Deal with Loan Stream’s February Specials on FHA/VA and Non-QM price improvements! Get 37.5 BPS Price Improvement on all FHA and VA, Low Balance, and High Balance >=680 FICO, excludes DPA and 25 BPS Price Improvement on FHA Streamlines/IRRRLS. Plus, a Non-QM Price Improvement of 50 BPS on all Non-QM, not including Closed End Seconds and Select Programs. Valid for loans locked 2/1/2024 through 2/29/2024. Terms/Conditions apply see our site and talk with your Account Executive.
“Everyone wants to make their borrowers sticky and we’ve got the Krazy Glue. I’m talking ‘gotta get to the emergency room to get your fingers unstuck’ kind of glue. It’s called QuickQual, it integrates with Encompass® by ICE Mortgage Technology™ and once you pre-approve your borrower, they’re coming back.
Just as Morpheus offered Neo the ultimate choice between reality and illusion in The Matrix, Dark Matter Technologies invites you to choose between the past and the future of mortgage lending in its “Choose Your LOS Experience” ad campaign. Take the blue pill and stay the course with old-school thinking and technology. Or take the red pill and join DMT to revolutionize your business with cutting-edge technology, unparalleled automation, and relentless innovation, as evidenced by the Empower® LOS and the AIVA® artificial intelligence solution. When it comes to your future, “choose wisely.” Schedule a demo with the Dark Matter team today to explore how the Empower LOS can transform your business.
Is More Paperwork Heading Our Way?
Do we need more rules and regulations and paperwork, or better rules and regulation and paperwork? The federal bank regulatory agencies announced their first of a series of requests for comment to reduce regulatory burden. The Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act of 1996 requires the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council and federal bank regulatory agencies to review their regulations every 10 years to identify any outdated or otherwise unnecessary regulatory requirements for their supervised institutions.
To facilitate this review, the agencies divided their regulations into 12 categories and are first soliciting comments on their regulations in three categories: Applications and Reporting, Powers and Activities, and International Operations. Comments on the relevant regulations will be accepted for 90 days after publication in the Federal Register.
But Ballard Spahr reports that on February 16, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Center (“FinCEN”) published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPRM”) regarding residential real estate. The final version of the NPRM published in the Federal Register is 47 pages long. We have created a separate document which more clearly sets forth the proposed regulations themselves, at 31 C.F.R. § 1031.320, here.
“FinCEN also has published a Fact Sheet regarding the NPRM, here. The Fact Sheet, slightly over four pages long, is helpful and walks through the basics of many of the proposed requirements. The NPRM proposes to impose a nation-wide reporting requirement for the details of residential real estate transactions, subject to some exceptions, in which the buyer is a covered entity or trust. Title agencies, escrow companies, settlement agents, and lawyers need to pay particular attention to the NPRM because, based on FinCEN’s “cascade” approach to who should be responsible for complying with the reporting requirements, these parties are the most likely to be responsible.
”Rent Versus Own” Economics
If you’re still paying off your mortgage, renting is likely cheaper than owning in each of the nation’s 50 largest metros. Median rent costs are lower than median homeowner costs for those with mortgages but higher than costs for homeowners without mortgages. LendingTree analyzed housing data to compare monthly rental and housing payments for homes with and without mortgages in the 50 largest metros in the U.S.
The difference between median housing costs for homes with a mortgage and median gross rent is $563 a month. The spread in costs between renting and owning a home with a mortgage is widest in the San Jose, Calif., San Francisco, and New York metros. The difference between the median monthly housing costs for homes with a mortgage and the median monthly gross rent in these metros is $1,341, $1,303, and $1,289, respectively. Phoenix, Orlando, Fla., Jacksonville, Fla., and Atlanta have the narrowest gaps between renting and owning a home with a mortgage. In Phoenix and Orlando, median gross rent costs are $87 and $145 less than median monthly housing costs for homes with a mortgage. In both Jacksonville and Atlanta, the difference is $216.
That said, Barron’s reports that, “Prospective buyers spent the President’s Day holiday last week window shopping, early data suggest. ‘Showing activity was strong,’ says Orphe Divounguy, a senior economist at Zillow, citing data from home tour software company Showingtime. Home touring activity was up 19.4% from the start of the year, pointing to a strong seasonal ramp-up.”
Capital Markets
Markets are known for “getting ahead of themselves,” and the latest example may be the “insatiable demand” for Nvidia’s artificial intelligence chips. The stock has shot up, resulting in the company briefly surpassing a $2 trillion valuation. But other equity prices have tagged along, boosting the general stock market.
That said, investors have been walking back expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts. Goldman Sachs, for example, has pushed back expectations for a Fed rate cut to June. If you like rates where they are, fine. If you’re hoping for lower rates to jump start your business in the near future, well…
The dominating market narrative recently has been that while interest rate cuts may be appropriate at some point this year, it is not likely to be anytime soon. Resilient economic growth and optimism that inflation will continue to fall in the face of high interest rates has fostered household demand, bolstered expectations the U.S. will avoid a downturn in the near term and forced investors to ratchet back bets on early rate cuts. Philadelphia Fed President Harker warned against betting on early rate cuts late last week, saying “I will signal my belief that we’re ready for a rate decrease when all the data, both the hard and the soft, give me that signal.” Pricing in fed funds futures has all but erased the chance of a March rate cut, and the chance of a cut in June is currently a coin-toss. Economists now see a 40 percent chance of recession in the next year, the lowest reading since mid-2022.
Last week was fairly quiet in terms of economic releases and the few that came out did nothing to change the current narrative of U.S. economic conditions. The Leading Economic Index declined 0.4 percent versus a -0.3 percent forecast and is now just two points above its April 2020 low. Historically, the prolonged decline observed in this data set predates a recession, but at the moment, it appears this recession signal is out of step with current economic conditions. Elsewhere, existing home sales rose 3.1 percent in January thanks in part to declining mortgage rates in December.
Since then, rates have moved back up towards 7 percent. The FOMC has repeatedly indicated it is in no hurry to begin reducing the fed funds rate until they are fully confident inflation is sustainably moving towards their 2 percent goal.
This week opens with $169 billion in month-end supply over the first two days along with the usual $309 billion in Treasury bills. There are several important economic releases with the highlight being the Fed-favorite PCE price index for January is on Thursday. We will also receive durable goods for January, home price indexes for December, consumer confidence for February, the second reading on Q4 GDP, Chicago PMI for February, January construction spending, and final February consumer sentiment.
The deadline for Congress to avert a partial government shutdown is Friday. Today starts quietly with new home sales for January, expected to register 680k versus 664k in December, Dallas Fed manufacturing business index for February, and remarks from the new Kansas City Fed President Schmid. The Treasury will auction $63 billion 2-year notes, $70 billion 6-month bills, $63 billion 5-year notes, and $79 billion 3-month bills. We begin the week with Agency MBS prices roughly unchanged from Friday’s close and the 10-year yielding 4.24 after closing last week at 4.26 percent. Helping ARM rates, the 2-year is down to 4.68 percent.
Jobs and Transitions
Logan Finance is hiring! Non-QM Account Executives are in high demand at Logan Finance, especially those of you in Florida. Contact us today to learn more. Speaking of hiring, Logan is happy to announce that Ryan Rathert and Sarah Gonzalez have joined the executive team as Chief of Staff and Chief Operating Officer, respectively. Ryan is a proven mortgage finance wizard and Sarah a renowned industry maven, so put your sunglasses on, because the future at Logan is bright! And the spotlight will be on Logan’s SVP Business Development, Paul Jones, as he presents “Discover the DSCR Difference with Logan Finance”, session #2 in the monthly series, “The Modern Non-QM Experience”. Join Paul on March 6 at 2pm ET. Register here. If you’re looking for a Non-QM career boost, send your resume or check out LoganWholesale.com and LoganCorrespondent.com for more information. Join Logan and become a #LoganLeader today.
“Don’t just close loans, close the gap on your potential. Kind Lending is seeking mortgage professionals with an entrepreneurial spirit and KIND mindset. We will provide a comprehensive catalog of loan products to serve your clients, along with advanced marketing and tech tools to grow your brand and exponentially expand your reach. You will be empowered to rewrite your success by leveraging the powerful tools available at your fingertips. It’s your business. We are here to fuel it. If you are ready to build win-win relationships with a company that values you and your growth, contact Traci Miller, National Talent Acquisition Manager.”
Click n’ Close, a multi-state mortgage lender serving consumers and mortgage originators through its wholesale and correspondent channels and formerly known as Mid America Mortgage, announced Polly Cracchiolo has joined the organization’s third-party originator (TPO) sales team as an account executive.
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Commodities are, for the most part, necessities. And in tough economic times they can serve as a hedge against inflation in a well-diversified portfolio.
What are commodity stocks?
Commodities are basic goods, such as oil, wheat or cattle. Commodity stocks are shares of companies that operate in those spaces, such as oil refineries, wheat producers or meat-processing companies. Commodity stocks represent things people need, such as food and energy. This can potentially make them strong additions to an investment portfolio.
7 best-performing commodity stocks
Here are the seven best-performing commodity stocks from Fidelity’s Global Commodity Stock Fund (FFGCX). This fund offers a good representation of several commodities-based industries, including the energy, metals and agricultural industries. This fund may include international as well as domestic stock.
Performance (Year)
Gulfport Energy Corp.
Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Petrobras ADR
Reliance Inc.
Targa Resources Corp
Range Resources Corp
Suzano S.A. ADR
Canadian Natural Resources Ltd.
Source: Finviz. Data is current as of Feb. 22, 2024 and is intended for informational purposes only.
Types of commodity stocks
There are several types of commodities out there. Here are a few examples:
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Commodity stock benefits
The three main benefits of commodity stocks are hedging against inflation, diversifying your investment portfolio and potentially paying dividends.
Since commodity stock prices increase when the price of commodities increase, commodity stocks may work well to combat the effects of inflation. That’s particularly true if you’re getting close to retirement, already have other retirement-worthy investments such as bonds, Treasurys or money market funds, and want to protect your investment portfolio’s value. If you have a well-diversified portfolio to begin with, and you’re investing over a long period of time, you may benefit just as well (if not more) by focusing on stocks that have long-term growth potential.
Commodity stocks may increase your portfolio’s diversification because commodities are found in so many sectors. And since commodities are often necessities, it is less likely consumers will cut back spending in the commodities sectors when times are tough. This is in contrast to other areas that may be considered discretionary, such as travel or restaurants.
Some commodity stocks pay dividends, but not all do. The best dividend stocks don’t necessarily pay the highest dividends, but commodity companies with a history of paying reliable dividends and strong financial fundamentals may be worth investigating if you’re looking for commodities exposure.
Commodity stock risks
One of the biggest cons of commodity stocks is that they are fairly reliant on political and climate events, and can be volatile as a result. For example, extreme weather creates risks for crops and livestock, and international affairs can have a significant impact on oil prices. The other risk of commodity stocks is exactly that: They’re individual stocks. Individual stocks harbor all the risks of the singular company they represent. Commodity exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, however, allow you to invest in lots of different commodity stocks at the same time. This can reduce your risk and increase your portfolio’s diversification.
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A sluggish housing market for most of last year began to heat up as the calendar turned to 2024.
In recent weeks, however, the market has cooled once again.
A surge in mortgage rates accounts for the slowdown in the housing market, experts told ABC News, pointing to elevated home prices pushed out of reach for most consumers when combined with high borrowing costs.
The jump in mortgage rates is due to stubbornly high inflation that has delayed interest rate cuts at the Federal Reserve, experts said. Mortgage rates track yields on 10-year treasury bonds, which are highly sensitive to the Fed’s benchmark rate.
“High mortgage rates and high housing prices have led to an affordability problem of a dimension that we haven’t seen in decades,” Susan Wachter, a professor of real estate at University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, told ABC News.
The average interest rate for a 30-year fixed mortgage has soared to 6.9%, rebounding after a steady decline at the end of last year, according to a report from Freddie Mac on Thursday.
Meanwhile, home sales have plummeted. Mortgage-purchase applications fell 10% from a week earlier, data from the Mortgage Bankers Association on Wednesday showed.
“Existing home sales have fallen off a cliff,” Lu Liu, also a professor at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, told ABC News.
The housing market dynamic traces back to a highly anticipated announcement in December, during which the central bank revealed expectations of interest rate cuts in 2024.
The signal elicited a boost of optimism among key market players, who foresaw the end of the Fed’s fight against inflation and the decline of interest rates from near-historic highs. In turn, yields fell on 10-year treasury bonds, and mortgage rates soon followed suit.
Inflation, however, has refused to cooperate. Stronger than expected economic performance and resilient consumer demand have helped buoy price increases, keeping them above the Fed’s target rate.
“The strengthening of the economy is a surprise,” Wachter said. “It does raise questions about the Fed’s next steps.”
Consumer prices rose 3.1% in January compared to a year ago, slowing markedly from the previous month but missing expectations of an even larger cooldown, a report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics earlier this month showed.
Inflation stands well below a peak of 9% last year but remains more than a percentage point above the Fed’s target rate of 2%.
“The inflation rate is reflected in the 10-year treasury rate, which pushes mortgages up,” Wachter said.
When the Fed initiated the rise of bond yields with its first rate hike of the current series in March 2022, the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate stood at just 4.45%. The average mortgage is now nearly 2.5 percentage points higher.
Each percentage point increase in a mortgage rate can add thousands of dollars, or even tens of thousands, in additional costs each year, depending on the price of the house, according to Rocket Mortgage.
The rising mortgage rates have put a freeze on the housing market in part because home prices remain high, Liu said. Potential homebuyers would rather stick with mortgages that have comparatively low rates rather than shift to higher rates that would compound the elevated home prices, she added.
“A lot of people are holding back from moving or selling,” Liu said.
Observers would expect home prices to fall amid low consumer demand, but the stubbornly high housing costs may be owed to that reluctance among prospective homebuyers to first put their own homes up for sale, Liu added.
“It’s a little bit of a puzzle why home prices have remained stable or even ticked up,” Liu said. “Home owners may be buying, but they’re not selling.”
Credit unions are among the few institutions where consumers can go to save on fees and interest rates for different banking services and loans. These not-for-profit cooperative financial institutions are owned by their members and return profits to them in the form of such savings. But a bipartisan bill first introduced in the U.S. Senate in 2022 could impact the ability of credit unions to provide those benefits, according to some opponents of the measure.
The Credit Card Competition Act would require financial institutions with more than $100 billion in assets to provide merchants with more choice when it comes to which payment network can process credit card purchases made in their stores. The bill’s supporters say introducing such options will help drive down costs for merchants and, in turn, for consumers.
Currently, when a consumer makes a purchase with a credit card, the merchant pays what’s known as an interchange fee to accept that payment and have it processed securely by the card’s payment network (typically Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover). That fee, set by the payment network the credit card runs on, is usually between 1% and 3% of the transaction — and many merchants have long complained that it’s too costly. The bill would give merchants the ability to choose a different network to process its transactions (a Visa card wouldn’t have to run on the Visa network, for example), and proponents of the bill believe that more choices will beget lower fees.
Most credit unions fall below the $100 billion asset requirement and wouldn’t be directly impacted by the proposed bill. But some fear the potential domino effect that this bill may have on these institutions’ ability to give back to their communities.
The feared ripple effects on credit unions
With assets of over $100 billion, there’s only one major credit union that would be directly impacted by the Credit Card Competition Act. Navy Federal Credit Union has 13 million members — many with ties to the military, including their qualifying relatives — and branches near military installations and overseas. The credit union declined to comment on the potential impact the bill would have on its community.
“It only impacts a single credit union,” says Doug Kantor, a member of the Merchants Payments Coalition executive committee and general counsel at the National Association of Convenience Stores. “All the rest are exempt from the bill.”
Still, while the rest of the nation’s credit unions would not be affected directly, concerns persist. For Mike Lee, president and CEO of KCT Credit Union in Illinois, there’s worry that the proposed legislation could have lasting indirect impact. Credit unions earn interchange fees when their cards are swiped, same as the big banks. The bill could drive interchange income down for credit unions if Mastercard and Visa have to eventually lower their costs to compete with another network.
“We just don’t have a lot of fat, so even something as small as interchange, taking that away from me is going to have an effect on the credit union,” Lee says. “I might not be able to be as cheap on loans as I was, I maybe can’t offer as good a CD. When you’re already working on low margins, the well is not endless.”
KCT Credit Union also shares its interchange revenue with the community like the school district’s foundation, which provides scholarships for kids and grants for teachers to fix up their classrooms or cover school supplies, according to Lee. “If they mess with this a lot, all of these partners, all of these school districts I’m sharing my interchange with, I don’t know if I can do that anymore,” he says.
On the opposite end, the measure’s sponsors argue that competition in the marketplace will benefit consumers. “Our legislation would rein in the big banks and the credit card industry, drive down costs for convenience stores, gas stations and other small businesses, and ultimately pass those savings down to consumers,” said bill sponsor U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill, in a news release.
But whether those savings are actually passed down to consumers by merchants is debatable. After all, there’s no guarantee or way to ensure that they do so.
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Will past predict future?
There’s some precedent for swipe-fee legislation. In 2010, Sen. Durbin sponsored legislation that succeeded in reducing swipe fees on debit card purchases, and its subsequent impact on consumers is arguable.
Multiple studies conducted since the 2010 Durbin amendment became law conclude that the cap imposed on debit card interchange fees did not significantly lower prices for consumers. A 2015 economic brief published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond showed that more than 21% of merchants actually increased their prices after the rule went into effect.
By contrast, some supporters, like the Merchant Payments Coalition, have cited a study by Robert Shapiro, a Georgetown University economist, which claims that the Durbin amendment saved merchants an estimated $8.5 billion in 2012, the first full year that it was in effect. And $5.87 billion of those savings (69%) was passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices.
To be clear, the new credit card legislation wouldn’t impose a cap on swipe fees like the 2010 amendment did for debit cards, so its not an apples-to-apples comparison. But the broader argument, that swipe fee savings by merchants would lead to lower prices for consumers, applies to both bills.
Lower prices could have hidden effects, too
If the premise of the Credit Card Competition Act proves true — if more payment processing choices leads to lower swipe fees, and merchants pass those savings along to consumers in the form of lower prices — might hidden costs still turn up elsewhere?
Several studies suggest that Sen. Durbin’s 2010 amendment resulted in financial institutions raising checking account prices and increasing minimum balance requirements. The banks exempt from the cap also adjusted prices as a competitive response to those price changes, according to a 2017 study by the Federal Reserve. Credit unions were impacted in a similar manner, forced to reduce services to members as revenue declined, according to a 2023 report commissioned by the Credit Union National Association (now known as America’s Credit Unions) and the American Association of Credit Union Leagues. The number of credit unions has also shrunk since this legislation was implemented. Nearly a third or fewer credit unions exist today compared with the number that existed in 2011, according to that same report.
Still, some supporters of the Credit Card Competition Act claim that the Durbin amendment had no impact on the cost and accessibility of banking products.
“What happened with debit card fees didn’t cause free checking to increase, didn’t cause it to decrease,” Kantor says. “Free checking is determined based on the financial institutions wanting to compete for customer deposits, and that’s driven by a whole bunch of other things going on in the economy, like the interest rate environment and other stuff. It’s just a misdirection from some of the large financial institutions that would rather not have to compete for business.”
The future of the bill
The Credit Card Competition Act continues to be a topic of debate across different industries that could be potentially impacted by it if it becomes law. It’s unclear whether the Credit Card Competition Act will come to fruition, or what its exact outcome could ultimately be for consumers.
Sponsors made previous attempts to attach the Credit Card Competition Act as an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act, but it didn’t make it into the final bill. Currently, they continue aggressively rallying support to bring it to the floor for a vote.
What you can do
Groups on both sides of the Credit Card Competition Act encourage consumers to contact their representatives in Congress:
The Electronic Payments Coalition opposes the legislation, predicting that it will decimate credit card rewards programs without leading to a meaningful decline in retail prices for consumers. It provides guidance for contacting lawmakers at the website Hands Off My Rewards.
The Merchants Payments Coalition supports the legislation, saying it will make fees paid by retailers more transparent and competitive, could lead to lower prices, and doesn’t have to affect credit card rewards programs. It explains its stance at the Merchants Payments Coalitionwebsite.
A previous version of this article misstated the Merchant Payments Coalition’s position on the Durbin amendment and Credit Card Competition Act. The article has been corrected.
Mortgage rates continued their ascension toward 7% this week, raising doubts about the approaching spring homebuying season.
The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6.90% as of Feb. 22, an increase from last week’s figure of 6.77%, according to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey released on Thursday.
Meanwhile, the 15-year fixed rate averaged 6.29% this week, up from 6.12% during the prior week. And HousingWire’s Mortgage Rates Center showed that Polly’s average 30-year fixed rate for conventional loans was 7.19% on Thursday, up from 7.09% at the same time last week.
“Strong incoming economic and inflation data has caused the market to re-evaluate the path of monetary policy, leading to higher mortgage rates,” Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist, said in a statement.
“Historically, the combination of a vibrant economy and modestly higher rates did not meaningfully impact the housing market. The current cycle is different than historical norms, as housing affordability is so low that good economic news equates to bad news for homebuyers, who are sensitive to even minor shifts in affordability.”
Even though the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) expressed cautious optimism at its meeting in January, policymakers are in no rush to apply rate cuts in 2024. In the FOMC minutes released on Wednesday, members of the committee indicated that no cuts should be expected until the rate-setting body held “greater confidence” that inflation was receding.
Recent surges in new listings bode well for a strong homebuying season this spring. But rising mortgage rates could disrupt the plans of many rate-sensitive buyers, especially in a market where consumers were anticipating lower mortgage rates, according to Realtor.com economist Jiayi Xu.
“Consequently, it is crucial for homebuyers to safeguard their budget against rate fluctuations by utilizing a mortgage calculator to comprehend the impact of mortgage rate changes on their payments and purchasing plans,” Xu said in a statement.
As for the lender side, BAC has tapped Eddy Perez of EPM, Phil Shoemaker of The Loan Store, Chris Vinson of Windsor Mortgage, and Kevin Peranio of PRMG, Inc. Rounding out the board are BAC’s co-founders, Brendan McKay and Katie Sweeney, who also serve as chief advocacy officer and chief executive officer, respectively. BAC was … [Read more…]