Switching banks, or even just opening a new account, isn’t something people do on a whim. The decision can be driven by need, like moving to another state. Sometimes, it may result from learning more about different options. In other cases, the switch is about seeking better rates, lower or no fees, or digital access. In fact, 32% of retail banking customers nationwide say they are now open to changing their primary bank because of these concerns, per 2023 research from Rivel Banking Research.
If you’ve decided to switch to a Discover account, here’s what you need to know about getting it funded ASAP. Depending on the kind of account you’re opening—checking, savings, certificate of deposit (CD), or money market—your available options and the timing may vary.
1. Online transfer
Internal (from a Discover deposit account to a different Discover account)
If you have multiple eligible accounts at Discover (for example, a Cashback Debit and a Money Market Account), you can complete an online transfer between accounts. Just log in via the app or online banking portal and follow the simple prompts to make a transfer.
External (from an account at a different bank to a Discover account)
No minimum opening deposit is required to open a new Discover Cashback Debit or Online Savings Account. If you’re transferring funds from an account at another bank or institution and would like to initiate the transfer with Discover, we’ll need to verify you’re an owner of that account.
Here are three methods for completing the verification process with Discover:
Instant verification
With instant verification, you just need to provide details about your external account. These include your name, the account number, and the ABA routing number. With that information, Discover should be able to verify your account and transfer the funds.
Real-time verification
With this method, Discover will ask for your name, your account number, and the ABA routing number, and will also require your login information (user ID and password) that you use to sign in online to your external account. Discover will verify that your account is valid and transfer the desired amount.
Trial deposit
With trial deposit verification, Discover will request information about your external account and then make two small deposits to that account—typically a few cents each. It typically takes three to five business days for these small trial deposits to show up in your external account. You’ll then confirm the amounts of these deposits to successfully authenticate the account (once this happens, the deposits are reversed).
By going through any of the methods above, Discover will process the transfer of funds. If you opt to initiate an account transfer at your other bank, you’ll need to share Discover’s routing number—031100649—and your account number to add an initial deposit to your Discover account within 45 days of opening it.
Be aware that some banks may charge fees for outgoing transfers to other institutions. If you’re hoping to avoid that, check out other options for funding your account below.
2. Mobile check deposit
A smartphone and a paper check are all you need to make a mobile check deposit. First, you’ll download the Discover Mobile App (available for Android phones and iPhones, tablets, and smartwatches) and register for access to online banking. Once signed in, you can complete a mobile check deposit by following the prompts—which typically involve capturing a clear image of the front and back of the check made out to and endorsed by you.
3. Direct deposit
If you want to fund your new checking, savings, or money market account through direct deposit, you may be able to automatically enroll your Discover Bank account with Discover online or in the app. You may also be able to sign up directly through your employer or other payor, such as Social Security. Once you’re set up, please allow up to two pay cycles for your first deposit to appear in your account.
Tip: One perk of direct deposit through Discover Online Banking is Early Pay, which may allow you to have access to some or all of your qualifying direct deposits up to two days early.1
4. Add cash
If you’d like to fund your new checking or money market account with cash, you’ll need to wait for your debit card to arrive—usually up to 10 business days from account opening.
With your new contactless debit card and a minimum of $20 in hand, head to your nearest U.S.-based Walmart and ask a cashier to add cash directly to your account. You’ll insert or swipe your card, hand your money to the cashier, and receive a receipt. There is no fee for this service, and deposits are generally posted the same day.
Other funding options
If none of these options work for you, you can also fund a Discover Cashback Debit, Online Savings, CD, or Money Market Account by mailing in a check (payable to you) and deposit slip, or initiating a wire transfer.2
Now you’re ready to bank
You’ve funded your new account. Maybe you’ve even set up direct deposit or downloaded the mobile app. Regardless of how you bank, your bank should work for you, so make sure to check out all the benefits of a Discover Cashback Debit account.
Ready to make the switch? Click here to learn more about Discover’s Cashback Debit checking account.
1 The Early Pay feature is automatically available to checking, savings (excluding IRA savings) and money market customers who receive qualifying Automated Clearing House (ACH) direct deposits (such as salary, pension, or government benefits) from a business, government entity or other organization. At our discretion, and dependent on the timing of Discover’s receipt of the ACH direct deposit instructions, we may make funds from these qualifying ACH direct deposits available to you up to 2 days early. Certain ACH direct deposits are not eligible for Early Pay and other limitations and conditions apply – see our Deposit Account Agreement for more information. Deposits made by an individual using online banking or Peer-to-Peer (P2P) payments (such as Apple Pay Cash, Venmo®, Zelle ® and PayPal®) are not considered ACH direct deposits. There is no fee for Early Pay, and customers do not need to enroll in the feature.
2 Outgoing wire transfers are subject to a service charge. You may be charged a fee by a non-Discover ATM if it is not part of the 60,000+ ATMs in our no-fee network.
Articles may contain information from third parties. The inclusion of such information does not imply an affiliation with the bank or bank sponsorship, endorsement, or verification regarding the third party or information.
Generally, it helps to save up to 20-25% of a house’s sales price. However, factors like geographical location, economic climate, real estate interest rates, and global events will influence how much money you’ll need to buy a house.
Key Takeaways:
An ideal down payment is 20% to 25% of a home’s value.
USDA and VA home loans traditionally don’t require down payments.
If you make a down payment below 20%, you may be required to get private mortgage insurance.
How much money do you need to buy a house? That cost depends on numerous factors like inflation and real estate trends. According to the Census, homes sold for a median price of $420,700 in January 2024.
Thankfully, you don’t need to pay off that amount all at once. A down payment that’s 20% to 25% of a home’s value can help you secure a property. Even if you don’t have the funds to make a sizeable down payment, low and no-down-payment mortgage options are available.
Below, we’ll share our expertise to help you learn all about loans and mortgage options. We’ll also answer several common questions and share helpful tools, like Credit.com’s mortgage calculator.
All Costs Associated with Buying a House
Spend enough time shopping around for houses, and you’ll learn very quickly that a property’s sales price isn’t the only expense you’ll have to pay. Below, we’ll cover down payments, earnest money deposits, and other factors that determine the real cost of a home.
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Down Payments for Different Mortgage Options
According to the United States Census Bureau, 661,000 new homes were sold in January 2023. Most homebuyers don’t pay off their properties in full from the get-go. Instead, they cover a portion of the home’s cost with a down payment, then gradually pay off the remaining value via monthly mortgage payments.
“How do home mortgage rates work?” and “What types of mortgages am I eligible for?” are common questions for first-time homebuyers.
Below, we’ll discuss four mortgage options and break down how each of them works.
1. Conventional Mortgage
A conventional loan is a mortgage option that’s offered by a private lender instead of the government. Mortgage companies, credit unions, and banks offer conventional loans, though they might require a down payment between 20% and 25% of a property’s sales price.
Lenders might request that you purchase private mortgage insurance (PMI) if your down payment is less than 20%. PMI reimburses lenders if you don’t make your mortgage payments, and borrowers will have to pay for coverage annually.
2. USDA Mortgage
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers this unique mortgage to borrowers who live in rural areas. A USDA mortgage has no down payment requirement, and its interest rate is very competitive.
To qualify for a USDA loan, you need to:
Buy an eligible property. Your potential home has to be in an eligible rural area.
Meet income guidelines. To qualify for a USDA loan, your income can’t exceed a state-specific amount.
Use the home as your primary dwelling. You have to live on the property permanently.
Be a U.S. citizen, a U.S. national, or a qualifying resident alien. Foreign nationals not authorized to remain in the United States can’t get USDA loans.
You’ll also need to meet the lender’s credit requirements. On average, a credit score of 620 or more will qualify you for a government-backed USDA loan.
3. FHA Mortgage
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) offers this distinct government-backed mortgage. Borrowers can secure an FHA mortgage with a down payment as low as 3.5%.
Borrowers with very low credit scores might be eligible for an FHA loan, at the expense of having more strict loan limits and higher up-front costs.
To get an FHA loan, you need to meet the following requirements:
Primary residence. The house associated with your loan must be your primary residence. You can’t rent it out to others for profit.
FHA maximum limit. FHA loans can only apply to properties within a set price range. In 2024, the maximum FHA loan amount is $498,257 for single-family homes.
Debt-to-income ratio. To qualify for an FHA loan, you must spend a maximum of 43% of your income on housing costs and housing-related debt.
4. VA Home Loans
Veterans Affairs (VA) loans offer low credit requirements and come with no down payment restrictions.
Certain people qualify for VA loans, including:
Service members who’ve served for at least 90 days consecutively.
Veterans who’ve served at least 181 continuous days, depending on their deployment date.
National Guard members with six years of Active Reserve status or 90 consecutive days of active duty service.
Surviving spouses of veterans, including veterans who are missing in action or being held as a prisoner of war (POW).
Earnest Money Deposit
An earnest money deposit is a payment that buyers can place to demonstrate how serious they are about obtaining a property. Earnest money deposits are normally between 1% and 3% of a property’s sales price. This deposit is not the same as a down payment.
When you make an earnest money deposit, those funds are put into an escrow account. If the seller of a property closes on a deal with you, your earnest money deposit is then added to your down payment. If the seller doesn’t close on the deal with you, it’s possible to regain your earnest money deposit if contingencies are set in place.
Several common contingencies include:
Home inspection contingency: Buyers request to have an inspection conducted on a property. If problems are discovered, buyers can back out of a deal.
Home sale contingency: Buyers who might need to sell their current home can ask for extra time.
Insurance contingency: This is for buyers who may need time to obtain home insurance for a property.
Closing Costs
Closing costs include taxes, appraisals, home inspection costs, title costs, and attorney fees. They’re generally between 3% and 6% of your mortgage principal. Your mortgage principal is the amount you borrow—so the bigger your down payment, the less you’ll pay in closing costs.
Let’s use the $200,000 home above as an example. Consider these three 4% closing cost scenarios:
Your down payment is 10%, or $20,000, leaving a mortgage principal of $180,000. Your closing costs will roughly amount to $7,200.
You offer20%, or $40,000, as your down payment. Your mortgage principal is $160,000, and you’ll pay $6,400 in closing costs.
You apply for a mortgage with no down payment, so your mortgage principal is $200,000. Ultimately, you’ll pay $8,000 in closing costs.
Home-Buying Examples
Next, we’ll show you how to determine your down payment on a home with the previous loans as examples. Let’s imagine your dream home is on the market for $200,000.
Down payments for conventional mortgages are usually $10,000 – $40,000.
USDA mortgages normally don’t require down payments.
An FHA mortgage can cost as little as $7,000.
A VA home loan also doesn’t require a down payment.
USDA and VA home loan mortgage options have the lowest up-front costs for eligible borrowers. An FHA mortgage is less costly than a conventional loan, but interest rates will affect your total payments in the long term.
Financial Resource Ideas
Making a down payment can be challenging because you need a paper trail of your purchases. In most cases, you can’t use borrowed money for a down payment.
Conversely, we know several creative ways to come up with a down payment:
Profits earned from stock or bond sales
Filing for an IRA or 401(k) withdrawal
Paying with money from your checking or savings account
Cash earned from a money market account
Using funds from your retirement account
Monetary gifts
You can roll other funds, like your tax return or a security deposit refund, into your down payment, too.
How Much Money Should I Save Before Buying a House?
It’s important to look at the big picture when buying a house. You’ll need to pull together a down payment and closing costs, but you’ll also need to budget for removal costs, inspections, and repair fees.
A tool like a monthly budget template can put your common expenses into perspective and help you better understand how much house you can afford with your current income.
When Should I Seek Mortgage Relief?
“What happens if I miss a mortgage payment?” is another concern for new and long-time homeowners. First, know that your home won’t immediately be foreclosed on if you miss a payment. Foreclosure usually isn’t imminent unless you’ve missed two or three payments.
If your mortgage payments aren’t within reach, you can contact your lender and explain your specific situation. Seeking forbearance, which is a temporary pause on your payments, can also help you regain your bearings.
Prepare to Buy a Home with Credit.com
Knowing your credit score and understanding the elements that affect it can help you know what you need to do to prepare for loan opportunities.
Sign up for Credit.com’s ExtraCredit® subscription to check out 28 of your FICO® scores. Afterward, visit our mortgage rates page to get additional information.
No matter what age you are, it’s never too soon to start thinking about — and actively saving for — your retirement. With reports coming out regularly about the severe retirement savings gap in the U.S., it seems as though the majority of Americans are vastly underprepared for this life event.
If your employer offers a 401(k) at your place of work, this is a great way to get started (or continue) saving for your golden years. Before you jump in, find out exactly what a 401(k) is and how it can help you prepare for retirement. If you already contribute to a 401(k) plan, make sure you know what to expect when it comes time to retire.
How does a 401(k) work?
A 401(k) plan helps you save while investing your contributions in various mutual funds. Employers offer this type of retirement plan, so you can’t sign up for one unless you go through your place of work.
As an incentive to save, you receive a tax break. Depending on the type of 401(k) you choose (or your company offers), you either receive that tax break when you make the contribution or when it comes time to withdrawal.
Employer 401(k) Matching
Many employers offer a match to any contribution you make. This usually happens in one of two ways: they’ll either match dollar for dollar up to a certain limit or up to a percentage of your salary.
The most common type of 401(k), the traditional 401(k), allows you to make any contribution tax-deductible each year. So if you contribute $6,000 a year, you get to knock that off your taxable income amount. If you’re on the edge of a tax bracket and make a sizeable 401(k) contribution, you might even be able to jump down into a different bracket with a lower tax rate.
401(k) Tax Rules
While your investments continue to grow each year, they remain temporarily protected from taxation. Unlike other types of investments, you don’t pay any annual tax on your 401(k) earnings until you start to make withdrawals. At that point, you’ll be subject to regular income tax when you take out money each month.
As you continue to make 401(k) contributions throughout your year, you can adjust your investments to become increasingly less volatile. The idea is that as you get closer to retirement age, you have less risk to ensure a solid nest egg when you need it.
The Benefits of a 401(k)
A 401(k) is a retirement savings plan sponsored by an employer. It allows employees to save and invest a portion of their paycheck before taxes are taken out. Contributions to a 401(k) are made with pretax dollars, which can lower your taxable income in the current year and potentially result in a lower tax bill.
Some other benefits of a 401(k) include:
Employer matching contributions: Many employers will match a portion of their employees’ 401(k) contributions, effectively giving you free money to save for retirement.
Tax-deferred growth: Any investment earnings on your 401(k) account grow tax-free until you withdraw the money in retirement.
Potential for tax credits: Depending on your income and participation in a 401(k) or other qualified retirement plan, you may be eligible for certain tax credits that can help reduce your tax liability.
Retirement income: A 401(k) can provide a source of income in retirement, which can help you maintain your standard of living when you are no longer working.
Convenience: Many 401(k) plans offer a range of investment options, and the contributions are automatically deducted from your paycheck, making it easy to save for the future.
The money you withdraw from a 401(k) in retirement is subject to income tax, and 401(k) plans have contribution limits. However, overall, a 401(k) can be a valuable tool for saving for the future and reducing your tax liability.
401(k) Contribution Limits
There are limits to your 401(k):
While it’s a great financial tool, you can only contribute up to $22,500 each year, amounting to $1,875 per month if you divide it out monthly. If you’re over the age of 50, you’re allowed to contribute up to $30,000 a year ($2,500 per month). These contribution limits are in place so that you can only benefit from so much tax savings each year.
Required Minimum Distributions
Another rule associated with a 401(k) is that you must start taking “required minimum distributions” at some point. That means once you hit a certain age, you must begin withdrawing funds from your 401(k) account — and paying taxes on them.
Currently, the requirement is that you start taking distributions the year after you turn 70 ½. Then you have to take out distributions by December 31 of each following year. Your minimum required amount is determined by the IRS based on your life expectancy. There’s nothing quite like a government tax agency predicting your lifespan, is there?
Still, this information helps you determine what kind of tax burden you can expect when you’ve finally retired. While your income may be lower, your deductions might be as well. After all, you probably don’t have kids left at home to claim as a deduction. And if you’ve paid off your mortgage, you won’t have that interest to deduct either.
It’s great not to have those expenses, but it can be helpful to talk to a tax professional to get a better idea of your taxes, especially in that first year of retirement or required minimum distributions. The more prepared you are, the more financial flexibility you can have!
401(K) Plan Types
There are two main types of 401(k) plans: traditional 401(k)s and Roth 401(k)s.
A traditional 401(k) allows you to contribute pretax dollars to your account. Your contributions and any investment earnings in the account are tax-deferred. This means you won’t have to pay taxes on them until you withdraw the money in retirement. When you withdraw the money in retirement, it is taxed as ordinary income.
A Roth 401(k) is similar to a traditional 401(k), but contributions are made with after-tax dollars. This means you won’t get an immediate tax break on your contributions, but qualified withdrawals from the account in retirement are tax-free.
Some 401(k) plans may offer both traditional and Roth options, allowing you the flexibility to choose the type of plan that best meets your needs.
There are also types of 401(k) plans that are designed for specific types of employers, such as safe harbor 401(k)s and SIMPLE 401(k)s. These plans may have different contribution limits and rules for employer matching contributions. So, it’s important to understand the details of the plan you are enrolled in.
What’s the difference between a traditional 401(k) and a Roth 401(k)?
While a traditional 401(k) offers upfront tax savings in return for taxes paid later during retirement, a Roth 401(k) flips the situation around. Instead, your contributions are made with your taxable income. In return, you don’t have to pay any taxes when you start withdrawing from your account during retirement.
While you miss out on tax savings upfront, you’re only paying on the original contribution amount. If you had to pay taxes when you withdraw, you’re also paying taxes on everything you’ve earned, which is hopefully a lot more money than you started with.
Roth 401(k) Requirements
There are requirements to qualify for the Roth 401(k) benefits:
First, your account must be open for at least five years. You also have to wait until you’re at least 59 ½ before you can start taking distributions, unless you’ve had a disability.
A Roth IRA is particularly useful if you’ve accumulated a lot in retirement savings and other investments. While many people have less income when they retire, that’s not always the case. You may have a comprehensive portfolio of investments, in which case you could be better served by not paying taxes on at least part of your withdrawals.
If you’re nearing retirement and expect to drop in your tax bracket soon, there may be no sense in using a Roth 401(k) now. A Roth 401(k) can be a great choice if you have a lower income now because you’re earlier in your career or have tons of tax deductions because of kids and a mortgage.
Like all retirement plans, there are better products for different points in your life. By constantly reassessing how you contribute to your retirement savings, you can maximize your tax benefits now and in the future.
See also: IRA vs. 401(k): Where Should You Invest Your Money?
Employer Contribution Match
An employer contribution match is a feature of some 401(k) plans in which the employer agrees to contribute a certain amount of money to an employee’s 401(k) account based on employee contributions.
For example, an employer might offer a 50% employer match on the first 6% of an employee’s salary that the employee contributes to their 401(k) account. In this case, if the employee contributes 6% of their salary to their 401(k), the employer would contribute an additional 3% (50% of the employee’s contribution).
Employer contributions are a way for employers to encourage their employees to save for retirement and to provide an additional source of retirement income for their employees. Employers may also use contribution matching as a way to attract and retain top talent.
Employer contribution matches may have certain rules and requirements, such as vesting periods, that determine when an employee becomes fully entitled to employer contributions. Make sure you understand the details of any employer contribution match offered by your employer to make the most of this benefit.
What happens if you leave your job?
Don’t worry. You don’t lose your 401(k) savings if you leave your current employer. You typically have a few different options available to you. First, you can leave it in the company plan if they allow it. You won’t be able to continue making contributions or any changes to your allocations. But you can access it when you’re ready to retire.
401(k) Rollover
Or you can do a rollover:
A rollover allows you to switch the funds to another retirement plan without paying any tax penalties. You can either do an IRA rollover or use a plan from your new employer. You do need to make sure your new employer’s plan allows for rollovers.
Then you can continue your contributions as normal, following the rules of the new account, whatever it may be. An IRA is always a viable option because you’re in control of how you invest. And while the annual contribution limit is $6,500 (or $7,500 if you’re 50 or older), it doesn’t count when you’re rolling over funds.
Your final option for handling your 401(k) when you leave your job is to cash it out. If you do this, you’ll be subject to all the relevant penalties. These include a 10% early withdrawal penalty and income taxes for both federal and state. The exception to the early withdrawal penalty is if you are at least 55 years old when you leave your employer.
How much should you contribute to your 401(k)?
How much you decide to contribute to your 401(k) should depend on numerous factors. At the very least, you should contribute the maximum amount allowed to receive a matching contribution from your employer. That essentially equals free money, which you should never pass up.
Next, think about your financial picture as a whole. What kind of debt do you have? If you have any high-interest credit card or loan balances, you may want to focus your efforts on paying those down before contributing more to your retirement plan. Lower interest debts, like a fixed student loan, may not be as pressing to repay.
Furthermore, consider these recommended saving strategies:
Emergency Fund
You’ll probably want a three to six-month emergency fund in case you lose your job or get a sudden illness or injury. Having a large chunk of money stashed away in an easy-to-access savings account can provide you with financial security here and now.
Roth IRA
Once you’ve got your overall savings plan in order, it’s time to start figuring out where else to invest for retirement. Before you max out your traditional 401(k), think about picking up a Roth IRA. This helps you diversify your retirement plans for tax purposes.
Like a Roth 401(k), a Roth IRA lets you pay taxes on your contributions now, so you don’t have to pay anything when you make withdrawals during retirement. It can certainly help you spread out your tax burdens over the course of your life.
Still have money left over to invest?
If you do, revisit your 401(k). Remember, you can contribute up to $22,500 so you can certainly divert more of your income towards that maximum.
How else should you prepare for retirement?
Preparing for retirement takes a constant reassessment of your current needs versus your future goals. As easy as it is to say, “You need to contribute this-many-thousands of dollars a year to survive retirement,” the reality is that it’s much harder to actually do that.
But saving for retirement is still a challenge worth conquering. Even if you’re in your 40s and haven’t started saving a dime, you can start today. Once you’ve got your current savings fund in place that you can use for emergencies, implement some of these easy tips to get ready for retirement.
For now, worry less about picking the perfect type of account and focus on the habit of retirement saving.
Here are some ideas to get you started:
How to Save Extra Money:
Downsize your living expenses, one step at a time.
Place your tax refund into a retirement account.
Stream television instead of paying for cable.
Cut back on eating out.
Stay healthy to reduce future healthcare costs.
Pay down high interest debt like credit cards.
Sell your stuff and put the money towards retirement.
How to Strategically Manage Your Retirement Accounts:
Create a retirement savings goal as a percentage of your income.
Pay yourself first by setting up auto direct deposit to your retirement account on payday.
Take advantage of higher IRA contribution limits when you’re 50+.
Audit your accounts every year.
Consolidate multiple accounts (like IRAs) to reduce fees.
Put your end-of-year bonus into a retirement account.
Bottom Line
Investing in your retirement is really investing in yourself. Taking advantage of your employer’s 401(k) is an important part of the equation. In addition to making regular contributions, be sure to explore all of your options for financing your retirement. A healthy portfolio mix isn’t difficult to develop, and there are plenty of resources available to help you get started.
Amidst a backdrop of inflation, rising borrowing costs, and growing debt levels, employee financial wellness has been on the decline in recent years. According to PwC’s 2023 Employee Financial Wellness Survey, a full 60% of full-time employees are stressed about their finances. Indeed, employees are even more concerned about their finances today than during the height of the pandemic.
Given that money worries can take a toll on employee health and well-being, as well as productivity at work, it makes sense that a growing number of employers are enhancing support for financial wellness. Bank of America’s 2023 Workplace Benefits Report found that 97% of employers now feel responsible for employee financial wellness (up from 95% in 2021, and from 41% in 2013).
Regardless of how well-compensated your staff may be, this type of resource can help workers feel more financially confident and prepared for the future. Here’s a look at 10 reasons why adding this benefit is so important.
1. Decreases Distractions and Increases Productivity
According to PwC’s Survey (which included 3,638 full-time employed adults across a variety of industries), financially stressed employees tend to be more distracted and less engaged while at work. The study found that financial stress and money worries had a negative impact on the respondents’ sleep, mental health, self-esteem, physical health, and personal relationships. Nearly one-third of employees surveyed admitted that financial insecurity has negatively impacted their productivity at work.
When employees are able to easily get answers to their financial questions and access on-site support when dealing with money problems, there’s a good chance they’ll be less stressed about their finances and more able to focus on their jobs. That’s a win for both employees and employers.
2. Improves Employee Physical Health
Financial stressors have been found to correlate directly with not only mental health challenges but also with poor physical well-being. As the American Psychological Association points out in their Stress in America 2023 report, stress and anxiety put the body on high alert and ongoing stress can accumulate, causing inflammation, wearing on the immune system, and increasing the risk of a number of different ailments, including digestive issues, heart disease, weight gain, and stroke.
Providing your employees with the support they need now can go a long way toward staving off physical health challenges down the line.
3. Builds Loyalty
By offering financial wellness programs, employers demonstrate a commitment to their employees’ well-being, which can help foster employee loyalty and increase retention rates.
The PwC study found that just 54% of financially stressed employees felt there was a promising future for them at their employer, and they were twice as likely to be looking for a new job than employees who were less stressed about their personal finances. What’s more, 73% of financially stressed employees said they would be attracted to another employer that cares more about their financial well-being compared to just 54% of non-financially stressed employees.
Recommended: 3 Ways to Support Your Employees During Times of Uncertainty
4. Can Help Reduce the Burden of Student Debt
Employees struggling to pay down student debt often have difficulty contributing to 401(k) plans and achieving other financial goals, such as buying a house or car. By offering student loan repayment benefits and education, employers can reduce this burden and help employees plan for the future.
The good news is that these programs recently became more affordable. Under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, employers can now provide $5,250 tax-exempt annually for an employee’s student loan repayment through 2025. That means employees won’t pay income tax on contributions made by their employers toward educational assistance programs, yet the employer also gets a payroll tax exclusion on these funds.
A growing number of employers are offering some form of loan repayment support. In 2021, only 17% of companies offered any of these benefits. In October 2023, 34% of employers offered student loan benefits.
Recommended: How Student Loan Benefits Can Help Retain Employees
5. Employees Want It
According to the PwC study, the vast majority of employees want help with their finances. Not only that, the stigma around getting help with finances appears to be lifting. In 2023, employees overall were less likely to be embarrassed to ask for guidance or advice about their finances than they’ve been in the past: Just 33% said they find it embarrassing, compared to 42% in PwC’s 2019 survey.
In Bank of America’s Workplace Benefits Report (which surveyed more than 1,300 employees and nearly 800 employers), 76% of employees said they felt that employers are responsible for their financial wellness.
6. Can Help Parents Save for Future College Expenses
In a June 2023 survey of 1,000 parents of teenagers by Discover Student Loans, 70% of subjects said they were worried about financing their kids’ college expenses. In addition, 68% of parents were concerned about the amount of debt their kids will be saddled with even after the parents offer up their own financial assistance.
Providing employees with much-needed information about 529 college savings plans and giving them a convenient way to contribute directly from their pay, can go a long way in helping to relieve the stress associated with one of their top financial concerns.
While in the past, the options for using unspent 529 funds were limited (and often meant facing tax and penalty consequences), the SECURE 2.0 Act allows savers to roll unused 529 funds — to a lifetime limit of $35,000 — into the beneficiary’s Roth IRA, without incurring the usual 10% penalty for nonqualified withdrawals or generating any taxable income. The new rule went into effect January 1, 2024 and might come as a relief to any employees who worry about having excess funds stuck in a 529 should their child end up not needing the money.
Recommended: The Importance of Offering 529 Plan Contributions in an Employee Benefits Package
7. Helps to Clarify Confusing Financial Topics
Many young professionals want to buy their first home, but they don’t know how to save for a down payment or secure a mortgage. New to the workforce, they also struggle to understand financial topics they weren’t taught in school, such as income tax deductions (especially as they get married and have children), the necessity of life insurance, and wealth management and investing.
At the same time, older employees might feel overwhelmed by the financial options available to them. With educational resources and access to experts through a financial wellness program, employees can find the information they need from vetted and trusted sources. In PwC’s survey, 68% of employees said they use their employer’s financial wellness services such as coaching, workshops or online tools.
8. Protects Employees
Sometimes healthcare benefits just aren’t enough. In the event of a health emergency, employees need to be prepared for insurance deductibles and other unexpected costs. Solid financial preparations can prevent them from dipping into savings or making hardship withdrawals from 401(k) plans. Those withdrawals can not only damage their prospects for long-term financial stability, but also create administrative headaches for HR.
Providing an automated emergency savings program is fast becoming a way for employers to help provide a foundation for financial well-being for workers. These plans allow employees to make paycheck contributions to a dedicated account (possibly with a company match), and can help make your workforce more financially resilient in the face of life’s “What Ifs.”
Recommended: How Much Should Your Employees Have in Emergency Savings?
9. Enhances Your Organization’s DEI Efforts
These days, many employers of all sizes have a diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) strategy or program in place to increase inclusion in the workplace. Offering financial wellness benefits to employees is yet another way to foster a more equitable company culture.
The reason is that financial wellness benefits can help level the playing field by helping to empower minorities and underrepresented groups, who may have more financial stress and encounter more barriers to economic opportunities. Giving all employee populations access to programs that can help them buy their first homes, pay down student debt, save for emergencies, and invest for the future allows them to build wealth for generations to come.
Recommended: How to Support Your Low-Wage Workforce
10. Helps Employees Plan for Retirement
Employer-sponsored retirement plans can help to ease the financial stress that stems from retirement planning. In addition to offering a retirement plan, you might also provide education programs on planning for retirement, understanding different types of accounts available, and best places to get started based on age and goals.
In addition, you might consider instituting a 401(k) match for their student loan payments. Thanks to a provision in Secure Act 2.0 (that went into effect at the start of 2024), companies can match employees’ qualified student loan payments with contributions to their retirement accounts, including 401(k)s, 403(b)s, SIMPLE IRAs, and government 457(b) plans. With this benefit, employees won’t need to make the decision regarding whether to contribute to their 401(k)s or make student loan payments.
Recommended: How Does an HR Team Implement a Student Loan Matching or Direct Repayment Benefit?
The Takeaway
Financial stress is a major concern for today’s employees, and something a growing number of workers want their employers to help with. Providing support for financial wellness can help boost employee engagement and retention, stave off mental and physical health concerns, help your company recruit top talent, and even lead to a more inclusive and equitable workplace.
SoFi at Work can help. We provide the benefit platforms and education resources that can enhance financial wellness throughout your workforce.
Photo credit: iStock/Inside Creative House
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After a few real-life conversations and my running the math, I’ve decided that a “50/50” rule for college saving achieves the best of both worlds.
The rule is:
~50% of your college savings goals should be saved via a 529 plan.
The other ~50% should be saved via a taxable brokerage account.
Why is that the case? Let’s discuss what we do and don’t want from our college savings plan.
PS – if you want further background reading on 529 plans, here are some other useful articles…
What We Do and Don’t Want from College Savings
We do want to save for college. Ground-breaking stuff.
We do want to reduce our income taxes.
We do want our investments to grow tax-free.
We do want flexibility while we save, in case life throws us a curveball.
We don’t want to end up with permanently frozen assets. We don’t want “leftover” 529 dollars.
529 College Savings Plans offer some of these ideals. But not all.
In fact, 529 plans are terrible at achieving some of the abovementioned goals.
Reducing Income Taxes
Many states offer income tax deductions on 529 contributions. In New York, for example, the first $10,000 contributed to 529s per year is exempt from state tax. That’s a ~$600 annual savings (depending on tax bracket).
Tax-Free Growth
529 investments grow tax-free, just like 401(k) or IRA assets. There’s no annual tax on dividends and interest. This leaves more dollars behind to compound.
Let’s Measure That Tax Savings
If we apply these two tax advantages to a reasonable scenario**, it’s realistic to expect a 529 account to result in 15-20% more dollars for college than a taxable brokerage account.
**see this Google sheet for detail.
But taxable brokerage accounts have distinct advantages on our other ideals.
Flexibility & “Frozen” Assets
Taxable accounts are very flexible. You can withdraw from them anytime (e.g. during an unexpected emergency). 529 dollars, on the other hand, must be spent on educational expenses and cannot be withdrawn for other reasons.
What if your kid decides to skip college? Unused funds in a 529 can be impossible to withdraw without taxes and penalties. Taxable accounts avoid this situation.
What’s the 529 Withdrawal Penalty?
Every 529 withdrawal—whether for education purposes or not—is made pro rata between your contributions and your earnings. The contributions are never taxed and never penalized, but the earnings can be if your withdrawal is not for a qualified educational expense.
For example:
Your 529 plan has $100,000 of contributions and $50,000 of earnings. (Two-thirds and one-third)
You make a $30,000 withdrawal. You have no choice in that $20,000 will come from contributions and $10,000 will come from earnings (Two-thirds and one-third)
If your withdrawal is not for qualified education expenses, the $10,000 earnings portion will be taxed as income (more marginal tax dollars, ouch!) and will suffer a 10% penalty.
If you run the math, you’ll see this penalty eats away at all the 529’s tax benefits. You do not want to suffer this penalty.
Finding Balance Between 529 and Taxable
The question is how to balance these various pros and cons. The 50/50 Rule does so!
Let’s say you aim to gift your children $100,000 over their four years of college. How generous! I submit you should aim to have:
$50,000 of that gift coming from a 529
And $50,000 from a taxable brokerage
You know it won’t be a perfectly ideal scenario. Whatever reality throws at you, you’ll wish you had decided to go all-in on the 529 or all-in on the taxable.
But you don’t know the future! This fact – that we’re more mortals without a crystal ball – is one of the fundamental frustrations in financial planning. If we knew the future, we could make a perfect financial plan. But we don’t, so we can’t. Our best solutions, therefore, involve hedging our bets. We’d rather know we’re 50% correct than be surprised later we’re 100% wrong.
The 50/50 Rule guarantees a middle-of-the-road solution. You’ll capture tax benefits and retain flexibility.
If Johnny gets a little scholarship and only needs 70% of your saved money, great! Use the 529 dollars completely. Dip into the taxable account when needed, and keep the remaining taxable dollars for other goals in life. You’ll be confident your 529 account will be completely drained, avoiding frustrating taxes and penalties.
Does It Have to Be 50/50?
I’ll admit: dividing the two accounts down the middle, 50/50, is an easy shorthand. You can choose a different fraction. But when thinking it through, my primary concerns are:
You need to be confident you’ll drain the 529s. If Johnny’s college will cost $200,000 and you aim to have all $200,000 in a 529, I don’t like that. There’s no margin for error.
You want to have a large enough portion in the taxable account to provide “just in case” flexibility.
Maybe 75/25 makes more sense for you. I can get on board with that. But I wouldn’t go much higher than 75% from the 529.
Working Backward
You can work backward from your future goal to discover what today’s saving rates need to be. In our hypothetical scenario of $50K in a 529 and $50K in a taxable (for college in ~15 years, we’ll say), a reasonable starting point is to put $2000 per year (or ~$170 per month) into each account. That’s how the math shakes out.
Depending on your timeline and assumed rate of compound growth, a simple spreadsheet or question to your financial planner will inform what your savings plan should be.
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-Jesse
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Benchmarking a 401(k) retirement plan refers to how a company assesses their plan’s design, fees, and services to ensure they meet industry and ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act) standards.
Benchmarking 401(k) plans is important for a few reasons. First, the company offering the plan needs to be confident that they are acting in the best interests of employees who participate in the 401(k) plan. And because acting in the best interests of plan participants is part of an employer’s fiduciary duty, benchmarking can help reduce an employer’s liability if fiduciary standards aren’t met.
If a company’s plan isn’t meeting industry benchmarks, it may be wise for an employer to change plan providers. Learn more about how benchmarking works and why it’s important.
How 401(k) Benchmarking Works
While a 401(k) is a convenient and popular way for participants to invest for retirement, the company offering the plan has many responsibilities to make sure that its plan is competitive. That is where 401(k) benchmarking comes into play.
An annual checkup is typically performed whereby a company assesses its plan’s design, evaluates fees, and reviews all the services offered by the plan provider. The 401(k) plan benchmarking process helps ensure that the retirement plan reduces the risk of violating ERISA rules. For the firm, a yearly review can help reduce an employer’s liability and it can save the firm money.
ERISA, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, requires that the plan sponsor verifies that the 401(k) plan has reasonable fees. ERISA is a federal law that mandates minimum standards that retirement plans must meet. It helps protect plan participants and beneficiaries. 💡 Quick Tip: The advantage of opening a Roth IRA and a tax-deferred account like a 401(k) or traditional IRA is that by the time you retire, you’ll have tax-free income from your Roth, and taxable income from the tax-deferred account. This can help with tax planning.
The Importance of 401(k) Plan Benchmarking
It is important that an employer keep its 401(k) plan up to today’s standards. Making sure the plan is optimal compared to industry averages is a key piece of retirement benchmarking. It’s also imperative that your employees have a quality plan to help them save and invest for retirement. Most retirement plan sponsors conduct some form of benchmarking planning, and making that a regular event — such as annually — is important so that the employer continuously complies with ERISA guidelines.
Employers have a fiduciary responsibility to ensure that fees are reasonable for services provided. ERISA also states that the primary responsibility of the plan fiduciaries is to act in the best interest of their plan participants. 401(k) benchmarking facilitates the due diligence process and reduces a firm’s liability.
How to Benchmark Your 401(k) Plan: 3 Steps
So, as an employer, how exactly do you go about benchmarking 401(k) plans? There are three key steps that plan sponsors should take so that their liability is reduced, and the employees get the best service for their money. Moreover, 401(k) benchmarking can help improve your service provider to make your plan better.
1. Assess Your 401(k) Plan Design
It’s hard to know if your retirement plan’s design is optimal. Two gauges used to figure its quality are plan asset growth and the average account balance. If workers are continuously contributing and investments are performing adequately compared to market indexes, then those are signs that the plan is well designed.
Benchmarking can also help assess if a Roth 401(k) feature should be added. Another plan feature might be to adjust the company matching contribution or vesting schedule. Optimizing these pieces of the plan can help retain workers while meeting ERISA requirements.
2. Evaluate Your 401(k) Plan Fees
A 401(k) plan has investment, administrative, and transaction fees. Benchmarking 401k plan fees helps ensure total costs are reasonable. It can be useful to take an “all-in” approach when assessing plan fees. That method can better compare service providers since different providers might have different terms for various fees. But simply selecting the cheapest plan does not account for the quality and depth of services a plan renders. Additional benchmarking is needed to gauge a retirement plan’s quality. Here are the three primary types of 401(k) plan fees to assess:
• Administrative: Fees related to customer service, recordkeeping, and any legal services.
• Investment: Amounts charged to plan participants and expenses related to investment funds.
• Transaction: Fees involved with money movements such as loans, withdrawals, and advisory costs.
3. Evaluate Your 401(k) Provider’s Services
There are many variables to analyze when it comes to 401(k) benchmarking of services. A lot can depend on what your employees prefer. Reviewing the sponsor’s service model, technology, and execution of duties is important.
Also, think about it from the point of view of the plan participants: Is there good customer service available? What about the quality of investment guidance? Evaluating services is a key piece of 401(k) plan benchmarking. A solid service offering helps employees make the most out of investing in a 401(k) account. 💡 Quick Tip: Investment fees are assessed in different ways, including trading costs, account management fees, and possibly broker commissions. When you set up an investment account, be sure to get the exact breakdown of your “all-in costs” so you know what you’re paying.
Investing for Retirement With SoFi
Investing for retirement is more important than ever as individuals live longer and pension plans are becoming a relic of the past. With today’s technology, and clear rules outlined by ERISA, it can be easier for workers to take advantage of high-quality 401(k) plans to help them save and invest for the long term.
For the company offering the plan, establishing a retirement benchmarking process is crucial to keeping pace with the best 401(k) plans. Reviewing a plan’s design, costs, and services helps workers have confidence that their employer is working in their best interests. Benchmarking can also protect employers.
If your company already has a 401(k) plan that you contribute to as an employee, you might also consider other ways to invest for retirement. You can learn more about various options available, such as IRAs. There are different types of IRAs, including traditional and Roth IRAs. You may want to explore them to see which might be best to help you reach your retirement savings goals.
Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.
FAQ
How often should a 401(k) be benchmarked?
It’s considered a best practice to benchmark a 401(k) annually to make sure the plan complies with ERISA guidelines. Making sure that the plan’s fees are reasonable and acting in the best interests of plan participants is part of an employer’s fiduciary duty. Benchmarking facilitates the due diligence process and reduces an employer’s liability if fiduciary standards aren’t met.
How do I benchmark my 401(k) fees?
To benchmark your 401(k) fees, take an “all-in” approach by calculating the service provider fees plus the investment expenses for the plan. This helps you compare your plan’s fees to fees charged by other service providers. In addition, assess the plan’s quality by looking at administrative fees (fees related to customer service and recordkeeping, for instance), investment fees (expenses related to investment funds and amounts charged to participants in the plan), and transaction fees (fees related to moving money, such as withdrawals or loans).
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Millions of employees work from home at least part time. They’ve carved out dedicated office space and plopped laptops on kitchen counters and in closets. They almost never can declare the home office tax deduction.
Millions of self-employed people have also created workspaces at home. If they use that part of their home exclusively and regularly for conducting business, and the home is the principal place of business, they may be able to deduct office-related business expenses.
Why the difference? The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act nearly doubled the standard deduction and eliminated many itemized deductions, including unreimbursed employee expenses, from 2018 to 2025.
Read on to learn whether or not you may qualify for the home office tax deduction.
What Is a Home Office Tax Deduction?
The home office tax deduction is available to self-employed people — independent contractors, sole proprietors, members of a business partnership, freelancers, and gig workers who require an office — who use part of their home, owned or rented, as a place of work regularly and exclusively.
“Home” can be a house, condo, apartment, mobile home, boat, or similar property, and includes structures on the property like an unattached garage, studio, barn, or greenhouse.
Eligible taxpayers can take a simplified deduction of up to $1,500 or go the detailed route and deduct office furniture, homeowners or renters insurance, internet, utilities needed for the business, repairs, and maintenance that affect the office, home depreciation, rent, mortgage interest, and many other things from taxable income.
After all, reducing taxable income is particularly important for the highly taxed self-employed (viewed by the IRS as both employee and employer.)
An employee who also has a side gig — like driving for Uber or dog walking — can deduct certain expenses from their self-employment income if they run the business out of their home. 💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.
Am I Eligible for a Home Office Deduction?
People who receive a W-2 form from their employer almost never qualify.
In general, a self-employed person who receives one or more IRS 1099-NEC tax forms may take the home office tax deduction.
Both of these must apply:
• You use the business part of your home exclusively and regularly for business purposes.
• The business part of your home is your main place of business; the place where you deal with patients or customers in the normal course of your business; or a structure not attached to the home that you use in connection with your business.
Regular and Exclusive Use
You must use a portion of the home for business needs on a regular basis. The real trick is to meet the IRS standard for the exclusive use of a home office. An at-home worker may spend nine hours a day, five days a week in a home office, yet is not supposed to take the home office deduction if the space is shared with a spouse or doubles as a gym or a child’s homework spot.
There are two exceptions to the IRS exclusive-use rules for home businesses.
• Daycare providers. Individuals offering daycare from home likely qualify for the home office tax deduction. Part of the home is used as a daycare facility for children, people with physical or mental disabilities, or people who are 65 and older. (If you run a daycare, your business-use percentage must be reduced because the space is available for personal use part of the time.)
• Storage of business products. If a home-based businessperson uses a portion of the home to store inventory or product samples, it’s OK to use that area for personal use as well. The home must be the only fixed location of the business or trade.
Principal Place of Business
Part of your home may qualify as your principal place of business “if you use it for the administrative or management activities of your trade or business and have no other fixed location where you conduct substantial administrative or management activities for that trade or business,” the IRS says.
Can You Qualify for a Home Office Deduction as an Employee?
Employees may only take the deduction if they maintain a home office for the “convenience of their employer,” meaning the home office is a condition of employment, necessary for the employer’s business to function, or needed to allow the employee to perform their duties.
Because your home must be your principal place of business in order to take the home office deduction, most employees who work part-time at home won’t qualify.
Can I Run More Than One Business in the Same Space?
If you have more than one Schedule C business, you can claim the same home office space, but you’ll have to split the expenses between the businesses. You cannot deduct the home office expenses multiple times.
How to Calculate the Home Office Tax Deduction
The deduction is most commonly based on square footage or the percentage of a home used as the home office.
The Simplified Method
If your office is 300 square feet or under, Uncle Sam allows you to deduct $5 per square foot, up to 300 square feet, for a maximum $1,500 tax deduction.
The Real Expense Method
The regular method looks at the percentage of the home used for business purposes. If your home office is 480 square feet and the home has 2,400 square feet, the percentage used for the home office tax deduction is 20%.
You may deduct 20% of indirect business expenses like utilities, cellphone, cable, homeowners or renters insurance, property tax, HOA fees, and cleaning service.
Direct expenses for the home office, such as painting, furniture, office supplies, and repairs, are 100% deductible. 💡 Quick Tip: A major home purchase may mean a jumbo loan, but it doesn’t have to mean a jumbo down payment. Apply for a jumbo mortgage with SoFi, and you could put as little as 10% down.
Things to Look Out for Before Applying for the Home Office Tax Deduction
If you’re an employee with side gigs or just self-employed, it might be a good idea to consult a tax pro when filing.
To avoid raising red flags, you may want to make sure your business expenses are reasonable, accurate, and well-documented. The IRS uses both automated and manual methods of examining self-employed workers’ tax returns. And in 2020, the agency created a Fraud Enforcement Office, part of its Small Business/Self-Employed Division. Among the filers in its sights are self-employed people.
The IRS conducts audits by mail or in-person to review records. The interview may be at an IRS office or at the tax filer’s home.
A final note: Taking all the deductions you’re entitled to and being informed about the different types of taxes is smart.
If you’re self-employed, you generally must pay a Social Security and Medicare tax of 15.3% of net earnings. Wage-earners pay 7.65% of gross income into Social Security and Medicare via payroll-tax withholding, matched by the employer.
So self-employed people often feel the burn at tax time. It’s smart to look for deductions and write off those home business expenses if you’re able to.
To shelter income and invest for retirement, you might want to set up a SEP IRA if you’re a self-employed professional with no employees.
Recommended: First-Time Homebuyers Guide
The Takeaway
If you’re an employee working remotely, the home office tax deduction is not for you, right now, anyway.
If you’re self-employed, the home office deduction could be helpful at tax time. To qualify for the home office deduction, you must use a portion of your house, apartment, or condominium (or any other type of home) for your business on a regular basis, and it generally must be the principal location of your business. This is something to keep in mind if you’re in the market for a new home, since writing off a portion of your home expenses could help offset some of the costs of homeownership.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
How much can I get written off for my home office?
Using the simplified method of calculating the home office deduction, you can write off up to $1,500. Using the regular method, you’ll need to determine the percentage of your home being used for business purposes. You may then be able to deduct that percentage of certain indirect expenses (like utilities, cellphone, cable, homeowners or renters insurance, property tax, HOA fees, and cleaning services). Direct expenses for the home office, such as painting, furniture, office supplies, and repairs, are generally 100% deductible.
Can I make a claim for a home office tax deduction without receipts?
The simplified method does not require detailed records of expenses. If using the regular method, you should be prepared to defend your deduction in the event of an IRS audit.
The IRS says the law requires you to keep all records you used to prepare your tax return for at least three years from the date the return was filed.
What qualifies as a home office deduction?
Things like insurance, utilities, repairs, maintenance, equipment, and rent may qualify as tax deductions.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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I didn’t know how to pronounce Les Miserables until 2017. Now I know all the songs. My wife bought us tickets to the show for my birthday this year. What a triumphant masterpiece! 99% of children dislike art museums, musicals, and reading the news. But many adults find beauty or intrigue in those same ideas.
A similar “boring-to-not-boring” transition happens in personal finance. The problem is that the fun doesn’t last. We had fun getting our personal finances under control. We got hooked on that fun. It lasted for months or even a few years. Money went from a scary unknown to an exciting area of optimization.
But then we got it all figured out and…well, the thrill is gone as B.B. King sang. And thus you find yourself here, on a .blog domain. Who uses .blog?!
Don’t despair. The lack of financial fun is a good thing. It’s a sign that your finances are in a great place.
But I still find fun financial things to think about and learn. There are a few traditionally “boring” topics that I find exciting. I’ll share them below, and maybe you’ll be intrigued too.
Get to Know Your Taxes
Can it get more boring than taxes?!
Actually, I like taxes. Over the past two years, I’ve realized that the tax code is half puzzle and half game, and I love puzzles and games.
The rules are well-defined (but there are a lot of them). I certainly do not know all the rules, but the more rules I learn, the better my “strategies” become.
The “pieces” interact in different (and sometimes surprising) ways. There are always multiple ways to “solve” a tax problem. Some solutions decrease this year’s taxes, and others decrease future taxes. Sometimes, we trade off lots of effort and paperwork to save a few bucks; is that a worthwhile trade?
If you’re a young W2 worker (like me), there’s not too much to know. Our tax scenario is fairly simple.
But if you’re a retiree earning Social Security income, making IRA withdrawals, realizing short and long-term capital gains, earning interest, dividends, and more, you’ve got an interesting puzzle before you! The interactions on a simple 1040 Federal Tax return can be quite complex and involve thousands of tax dollars per year.
If you’re a business owner or a real estate investor, the “puzzle” intensifies! This is why a good CPA accountant is worth their weight in gold.
To be clear, tax planning is not about cheating the tax system. When accountants tell me they’re “aggressive,” I take it as a euphemism for “I bend the tax code until it breaks.” That’s bad—and usually illegal. Avoid that. If you’re an honest accountant, please find a different word than “aggressive.”
But working with a tax professional who 1) knows the “rules” of the tax code and 2) enjoys optimally “solving the puzzle” you bring to them…well, odds are they can solve your puzzle much better than you can alone.
Pro tip: starting this year, review your 1040 Federal Tax Return (or your country’s equivalent)…try to go line-by-line, and if you don’t understand what a particular line item means, look it up.
Wait. For A Decade or Two.
The Best Interest is a big proponent of long-term investing, which, as you might have noticed, includes the verbiage “long-term.”
We’re not talking weeks or months. We measure in decades. We beat a slow-tempo’d drum of basic tenets, like “buy and hold” and “diversify” and “don’t look for needles, buy the whole haystack.“
BORING!
To spice things up, I like to remind myself (and you) of market history. One of my favorite cautionary tales is that returns are never promised, and we’ve suffered decades of zero returns.
In that article linked directly above, I put together this chart:
WOW! Multiple ~20 year periods of zero return?!
As I’ve realized in hindsight, there’s a problem with that chart. Everything is factually correct, but the chart presents data differently than most people think. I inflation-adjusted the data. In other words, the chart does not measure dollars and cents. It measures purchasing power.
There have been multi-decade periods when investors’ purchasing power was stagnant. Their accounts increased in value, but inflation ate the entirety of those gains.
Most of us, though, measure our accounts in dollars and cents. We understand the reality of inflation, constantly knawing at our purchasing power. But we don’t inflation-adjust our conception of the world. If $1.00 grows to $2.00, we see exactly that. We don’t say, “…but inflation was 14%, so really it’s like I only have $1.86.”
To fix this problem, I reconstructed the plot to show nominal dollars.
If you read my primer on accounting for inflation in retirement, the chart above lives in “the convenient world” while the chart below lives in “the true world.”
The lesson: it’s realistic for your diversified stock portfolio to go through a ~5+ year period of negative nominal returns. If you’re unlucky, it might stretch out to 10+ years!
Now that’s exciting (in the same way BASE jumping is exciting).
It’s a far stretch from the lazy shorthand of “the S&P returns 10% year!” that too many FinFluencers use. I’ve been guilty of that shorthand, and I understand its usage when calculating 30-year compound math.
I despise that shorthand, though, when I hear it used to explain expected stock market returns to a new investor. New investors need to know that stock investing is not a smooth ride. It’s not always up and to the right. It involves years – if not decades – of what feelslike wasted time.
5 years is a long time. 10 years, per math, is longer. Are you excited to stay the course that long through thick and thin?
Important note: this analysis looked at a lump sum investment. Dollar-cost averaging, though, smooths this ride out immensely!In fact, DCA actually takes advantage of bad times and volatility. I’m a huge fan of DCA’d monthly contributions through thick and thin.
Know Your Flow
Cashflow is the cinder block of personal finance.
It’s boring and basic and plain and every other synonym thereof.
But it’s also foundational.
You cannot build strong personal finances without healthy cash flow, and you won’t know if you have healthy cash flow unless you measure it.
Buy Protection
Speaking of BASE jumping…
The exciting part of extreme sports is “the jump” itself. But it’s someone’s job to consider the “boring” questions like,
“Is that parachute packed correctly?”
“Can that bungee cable support a 300-pound man?”
“If he doesn’t make it and lands in the pit of burning tires, what’s the rescue plan?”
Ok. That’s kind of funny. But on a more serious note, about the modern miracles of CPR and AED?
Christian Eriksen is a Danish soccer player, currently on the roster for Manchester United. On June 12, 2021, Eriksen had a cardiac arrest during a national team game against Finland. 50 years ago, he would be dead. But because the training staff is both CPR-trained and well-equipped with a automated external defibrillator (AED), Eriksen’s heart was shocked (one shock!) back to life. He’s still plays today.
A similar cardiac arrest happened to Damar Hamlin in a Buffalo Bills football game in January 2023. Again, an AED shocked his heart back to life. He’s alive and well and still playing football.
These might be 1-in-10000 events. Easy odds to ignore, right? But asking, “What happens if…” can lead you to some life-saving answers. A little preparation goes a long way.
The personal finance world skews less life-and-death than cardiac arrest, but some of the financial “Q&A” will point you toward:
A well-funded emergency fund.
Life insurance (term only!)
Home and auto insurance
Disability insurance
An umbrella insurance policy
If you’re unsure what kind of insurance you do (or don’t) need, ask yourself:
If something bad happened on [this axis], do I have the assets needed to pay for it?
If I died, would my family have the assets and cash flow to continue our desired lifestyle? If not, you need life insurance.
If I got disabled and couldn’t work…
If my house burned to the ground or got swept away in a hurricane…
If I got sued when the mailman trips on my sidewalk…
Etc. etc.
If you don’t have the assets to cover your liability, you need insurance.
You Made It. Go Live Life!
If everything in your finances feels boring, that’s a good thing. You’ve reached the top.
There are plenty of nuanced topics to nosedive into.
Or, you can just go live your life. Go check out a musical or a museum. Another story must begin!
Thank you for reading! If you enjoyed this article, join 8000+ subscribers who read my 2-minute weekly email, where I send you links to the smartest financial content I find online every week.
-Jesse
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La información de inversión proporcionada en esta página es con fines educativos únicamente. NerdWallet, Inc. no ofrece servicios de asesoría o corretaje, tampoco recomienda ni aconseja a los inversionistas comprar o vender acciones, valores u otras inversiones en particular.
Un reembolso de impuestos puede ser una oportunidad para avanzar en sus objetivos financieros, ya sea que necesite una pala para cavar su salida de la deuda como una plataforma de lanzamiento para generar más ingresos.
El Servicio de Impuestos Internos (IRS, por sus siglas en inglés) reportó que el reembolso de impuestos promedio en la temporada de impuestos de 2023 fue de $2,753, de acuerdo con las estadísticas de la temporada de presentación. Es una cantidad potencialmente sólida que puede marcar la diferencia si se le da prioridad de forma que tenga sentido para su situación. Y puede apartar una parte para divertirse o cuidarse, como sugieren algunos expertos.
Jessica Allen, asesora financiera acreditada con sede en Tennessee, dice: “Tome un poco, no más del 10%, y haga algo para usted, como disfrutar de una buena cena, quizá un traje nuevo o algo así”.
Tomar una parte pequeña para gastarla como quiera puede fomentar la disciplina y el enfoque durante décadas para mantener el rumbo de su plan financiero, según Yusuf Abugideiri, Director de Inversiones de Yeske Buie, una firma de planificación financiera con sede en Virginia. En cuanto a ese 90% o más, deje que sus objetivos sean los que dicten hacia dónde se dirige.
A continuación se muestran algunas formas de utilizar su reembolso de impuestos para salir adelante financieramente.
1. Construir el crédito
Si necesita construir el crédito o tener una segunda oportunidad para conseguirlo, considere la posibilidad de utilizar el reembolso de impuestos para hacer un depósito en una tarjeta de crédito asegurada (en inglés). No es raro que algunas de estas tarjetas soliciten un depósito inicial de varios cientos de dólares.
Cuando esté investigando tarjetas de crédito aseguradas, busque las que no tengan cuota anual; que ofrezca una posible ruta de mejora (en inglés) a una tarjeta de crédito tradicional no asegurada; y que informen de sus pagos a las tres principales agencias de crédito (Equifax, Experian y TransUnion). Con un buen historial de pagos, puede recuperar el depósito después de cerrar la tarjeta o cambiarse a una tarjeta mejor con el mismo emisor.
2. Pagar la deuda
Si tiene un saldo con intereses altos en una tarjeta de crédito, un reembolso de impuestos puede ayudarlo a deshacerse de esa deuda más rápido. Además, si puede reducir la tasa de interés de su tarjeta de crédito (en inglés), puede tener un impacto aún mayor.
Si tiene varias deudas, considere uno de estos dos enfoques: Aborde el que tenga el tipo de interés más alto, mediante el método de la avalancha de deudas (en inglés), o ataque primero el saldo más pequeño, con el método de la bola de nieve (en inglés). Cualquiera que sea la deuda a la que dé prioridad, recuerde que sigue siendo importante mantenerse al día con los pagos de todas las demás deudas.
Allen es un partidario del método bola de nieve porque incentiva a las personas y genera confianza a medida que avanzan hacia su objetivo.
Ella dice: “No sé usted, pero cuando logro muchas metas pequeñas me siento súper bien y eso me ayuda a alcanzar ese objetivo más grande”.
3. Ahorrar para una emergencia
También podría destinar su reembolso de impuestos a un fondo de emergencia, con el objetivo de que ese fondo alcance al menos $1,000, para evitar que acumule deudas cuando suceda lo inesperado. Aproveche al máximo el reembolso de impuestos colocándolo en una cuenta de ahorro de rendimiento alto (en inglés) en un banco en línea, lo ideal es que sea uno que ofrezca una tasa de rendimiento anual del 4% o más.
Si no tiene deudas, haga un esfuerzo para ahorrar los gastos básicos recomendados de tres a seis meses.
4. Invierta en su capacidad para generar más ingresos
Si está buscando avanzar profesionalmente, construir un negocio o generar ingresos adicionales, un reembolso de impuestos puede impulsar esos objetivos. Hágase más comercializable en una profesión obteniendo certificaciones o capacitación que le permitan obtener más oportunidades laborales o un aumento de salario. O utilice un reembolso de impuestos para comprar la capacitación o el equipo necesarios para iniciar un negocio o una actividad secundaria.
5. Invertir para la jubilación
Cuando la deuda no es el centro de atención, puede pensar en poner a trabajar el reembolso de impuestos en cuentas de jubilación. Si su compañía ofrece una, aproveche la contribución equivalente al 401(k) aumentando sus contribuciones o financie una cuenta IRA tradicional o Roth (en inglés). En 2024, puede ahorrar hasta $7,000 en una IRA ($8,000 si tiene 50 años o más) y hasta $23,000 en una 401(k) ($30,500 si tiene 50 años o más). Si ya está encaminado hacia estos objetivos, considere invertir en otra parte.
Abugideiri dice: “Si las cuentas IRA y 401(k) ya están contempladas en un plan de ahorro, puede considerar la posibilidad de ponerlo simplemente en una cuenta de corretaje (en inglés)”.
Una cuenta de corretaje es una cuenta de inversión a través de la cual puede comprar acciones, bonos y fondos de inversión.
6. Ahorrar para la educación de su niño
Con sus problemas financieros organizados, puede analizar si invertir su reembolso en una cuenta con ventajas tributarias como un plan 529 tiene sentido financiero para ahorrar para la educación universitaria de su niño (en inglés). Sin embargo, no dé prioridad a esta opción sobre otros objetivos financieros como la jubilación y piense detenidamente en los posibles inconvenientes.
Por ejemplo, su niño puede decidir no ir a la universidad y por eso se podrían aplicar penalizaciones si se retiran las ganancias para gastos no calificados. Abugideiri dice: “Brindar seguridad financiera a los niños puede ser una prioridad principal, pero una buena manera de hacerlo es cuidándose financieramente, para ayudarlos a evitar que tengan que hacerlo por usted más adelante”.
Él dice: “Puede pedir un préstamo para la universidad, pero no puede pedir un préstamo para cubrir [todos] los gastos de jubilación”.
Este artículo fue publicado originalmente en NerdWallet en inglés.
Ever dream of leaving your job to pursue a project you’ve always been passionate about, like starting your own business? Or going back to school without taking out student loans? What about the option to retire at age 50 instead of 65 without having to worry about money?
Any of these opportunities could happen if you’re able to achieve financial freedom — having the money and resources to afford the lifestyle you want.
Intrigued by the idea of being financially free? Read on to find out what financial freedom means and how it works, plus 12 ways to help make it a reality.
What Is Financial Freedom?
Financial freedom is being in a financial position that allows you to afford the lifestyle you want. It’s typically achieved by having enough income, savings, or investments so you can live comfortably without the constant stress of having to earn a certain amount of money.
For instance, you might attain financial freedom by saving and investing in such a way that allows you to build wealth, or by growing your income so you’re able to save more for the future. Eventually, you may become financially independent and live off your savings and investments.
There are a number of different ways to work toward financial freedom so that you can stop living paycheck-to-paycheck, get out of debt, save and invest, and prepare for retirement. 💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
12 Ways to Help You Reach Financial Freedom
The following strategies can help start you on the path to financial freedom.
1. Determine Your Needs
A good first step toward financial freedom is figuring out what kind of lifestyle you want to have once you reach financial independence, and how much it will cost you to sustain it. Think about what will make you happy in your post-work life and then create a budget to help you get there.
As a bonus, living on — and sticking to — a budget now will allow you to meet your current expenses, pay your bills, and save for the future.
2. Reduce Debt
Debt can make it very hard, if not impossible, to become financially free. Debt not only reduces your overall net worth by the amount you’ve got in loans or lines of outstanding credit, but it increases your monthly expenses.
To pay off debt, you may want to focus on the avalanche method, which prioritizes the payment of high-interest debt like credit cards.
You might also try to see if you can get a lower interest rate on some of your debts. For instance, with credit card debt, it may be possible to lower your interest rate by calling your credit card company and negotiating better terms.
And be sure to pay all your other bills on time, including loan payments, to avoid going into even more debt.
3. Set Up an Emergency Fund
Having an emergency fund in place to cover at least three to six months’ worth of expenses when something unexpected happens can help prevent you from taking on more debt.
With an emergency fund, if you lose your job, or your car breaks down and needs expensive repairs, you’ll have the funds on hand to cover it, rather than having to put it on your credit card. That emergency cushion is a type of financial freedom in itself.
4. Seek Higher Wages
If you’re not earning enough to cover your bills, you aren’t going to be able to save enough to retire early and pursue your passions. For many people, figuring out how to make more money in order to increase savings is another crucial step in the journey toward financial freedom.
There are different ways to increase your income. First, think about ways to get paid more for the job that you’re already doing.
For instance, ask for a raise at work, or have a conversation with your manager about establishing a path toward a higher salary. Earning more now can help you save more for your future needs.
5. Consider a Side Gig
Another way to increase your earnings is to take on a side hustle outside of your full-time job. For instance, you could do pet-sitting or tutoring on evenings and weekends to generate supplemental income. You could then save or invest the extra money.
6. Explore New Income Streams
You can get creative and brainstorm opportunities to create new sources of income. One idea: Any property you own, including real estate, cars, and tools, might potentially serve as money-making assets. You may sell these items, or explore opportunities to rent them out.
7. Open a High-Yield Savings Account
A savings account gives you a designated place to put your money so that it can grow as you keep adding to it. And a high-yield savings account typically allows you to earn a lot more in interest than a traditional savings account. As of February 2024, some high-yield savings accounts offered annual percentage yields (APYs) of 4.5% compared to the 0.46% APY of traditional savings accounts.
You can even automate your savings by having your paychecks directly deposited into your account. That makes it even easier to save.
8. Make Contributions to Your 401(k)
At work, contribute to your 401(k) if such a plan is offered. Contribute the maximum amount to this tax-deferred retirement account if you can — in 2024, that’s $23,000, or $30,500 if you’re age 50 or older — to help build a nest egg.
If you can’t max out your 401(k), contribute at least enough to get matching funds (if applicable) from your employer. This is essentially “free” or extra money that will go toward your retirement. 💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with a traditional IRA. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).
9. Consider Other Investments
After contributing to your workplace retirement plan, you may want to consider opening another retirement account, such as an IRA, or an investment account like a brokerage account. You might choose to explore different investment asset classes, such as mutual funds, stocks, bonds, or exchange-traded funds.
When you invest, the power of compounding returns may help you grow your money over time. But be aware that there is risk involved with investing.
Although the stock market has generally experienced a high historical rate of return, stocks are notoriously volatile. If you’re thinking about investing, be sure to learn about the stock market first, and do research to find what kind of investments might work best for you.
It’s also extremely important to determine your risk tolerance to help settle on an investment strategy and asset type you’re comfortable with. For instance, you may be more comfortable investing in mutual funds rather than individual stocks.
10. Stay Up to Date on Financial Issues
Practicing “financial literacy,” which means being knowledgeable about financial topics, can help you manage your money. Keep tabs on financial news and changes in the tax laws or requirements that might pertain to you. Reassess your investment portfolio at regular intervals to make sure it continues to be in line with your goals and priorities. And go over your budget and expenses frequently to check that they accurately reflect your current situation.
11. Reduce Your Expenses
Maximize your savings by minimizing your costs. Analyze what you spend monthly and look for things to trim or cut. Bring lunch from home instead of buying it out during the work week. Cancel the gym membership you’re not using. Eat out less frequently. These things won’t impact your quality of life, and they will help you save more.
12. Live Within Your Means
And finally, avoid lifestyle creep: Don’t buy expensive things you don’t need. A luxury car or fancy vacation may sound appealing, but these “wants” can set back your savings goals and lead to new debt if you have to finance them. Borrowing money makes sense when it advances your goals, but if it doesn’t, skip it and save your money instead.
The Takeaway
Financial freedom can allow you to live the kind of life you’ve always wanted without the stress of having to earn a certain amount of money. To help achieve financial freedom, follow strategies like making a budget, paying your bills on time, paying down debt, living within your means, and contributing to your 401(k).
Saving and investing your money are other ways to potentially help build wealth over time. Do your research to find the best types of accounts and investments for your current situation and future aspirations.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.
FAQ
How can I get financial freedom before 30?
Achieving financial freedom before age 30 is an ambitious goal that will require discipline and careful planning. To pursue it, you may want to follow strategies of the FIRE (Financial Independence Retire Early) movement. This approach entails setting a budget, living below your means in order to save a significant portion of your money, and establishing multiple streams of income, such as having a second job in addition to your primary job.
What is the most important first step towards achieving financial freedom?
The most important first step to achieving financial freedom is to figure out what kind of lifestyle you want to have and how much money you will need to sustain it. Once you know what your goals are, you can create a budget to help reach them.
What’s the difference between financial freedom and financial independence?
Financial freedom is being able to live the kind of lifestyle you want without financial strain or stress. Financial independence is having enough income, savings, or investments, to cover your needs without having to rely on a job or paycheck.
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