Home prices rose 4.8% nationally in October compared with October 2022, according to the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller home price index. That’s a jump from the 4% annual increase in September and marks the strongest annual gain seen in 2023.
The 10-city composite rose 5.7%, up from a 4.8% increase in the previous month. The 20-city composite rose 4.9%, up from a 3.9% advance in September.
The strength in home prices came despite a sharp rise in mortgage interest rates in October. The average rate on the 30-year fixed loan crossed 8% on Oct. 19, according to Mortgage News Daily. That was the highest level in more than two decades. Rates, however, dropped steadily through November and more sharply in December, with the 30-year fixed rate now hovering around 6.7%.
“Home prices leaned into the highest mortgage rates recorded in this market cycle and continued to push higher,” said Brian Luke, head of commodities, real & digital assets at S&P DJI, in a release. “With mortgage rates easing and the Federal Reserve guiding toward a slightly more accommodative stance, homeowners may be poised to see more appreciation.”
Among the top 20 cities, Detroit reported the largest year-over-year gain in home prices at 8.1% in October. San Diego followed with a 7.2% increase and then New York with a 7.1% gain. Home prices in Portland, Oregon, fell 0.6%, the only city in the index showing lower prices in October versus a year ago.
“Home price gains in the CoreLogic S&P Case-Shiller Index have increased by 7% since the beginning of the year and are 1% higher than at the peak in 2022, recovering all losses recorded in the second half of 2022,” said Selma Hepp, chief economist at CoreLogic. “Given the stronger seasonal gains seen in early 2023, annual home price appreciation should accelerate this winter before slowing again next year.”
You’ve probably come across the term “asset” many times in your life — long before you began saving and investing.
What is an asset? Generally, the word may be used to refer to anything of value — from a great work ethic to a great group of friends. But when you’re talking about finances, the term asset is typically used to refer to things that have economic value to a person, a company, and/or a government.
Exploring the Definition of an Asset
For individuals, an asset can mean pretty much everything they own — from the cash in their wallet to the car in their garage to necklaces, rings, and earrings in a jewelry box. But usually, when people talk about their personal assets, they’re referring to something worth money.
Broad Categories of Assets
Assets typically include such things as:
• Cash and cash equivalents, including checking and savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), and U.S. government Treasury bills.
• Personal property, including cars and boats, art and jewelry, collections, furniture, and things like computers, cameras, phones, and TVs.
• Real estate, residential or commercial, including land and/or structures on the land.
• Investments, such as stocks and bonds, annuities, mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and so on.
Those who freelance or own a company also may have business assets that could include a bank account, an inventory of goods to sell, accounts receivable (money they’re owed by their customers), business vehicles, office furniture and machinery, and the building and land where they conduct their business. 💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
Delving Into Different Types of Assets
Generally speaking, there are four different types of assets: current or short-term assets, fixed assets, financial investments, and intangible assets.
Current Assets
Current assets are short-term resources with economic value, and are typically referred to in accounting. Current assets are things that can be used or consumed or converted to money within a year. They include things like cash, cash equivalents, inventory, and accounts receivable.
Fixed or Noncurrent Assets
Fixed assets are resources with a longer term, meaning more than a year. This includes property, like buildings and other real estate, and equipment.
Financial Assets
Financial assets refer to securities or assets such as stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit (CDs), and preferred equity.
Intangible Assets
Assets considered intangible are things of value that don’t have a physical presence. This includes intellectual property like patents, licenses, trademarks, and copyrights, and brand value and reputation.
Identifying and Classifying Assets
Assets are things with economic value. They may be owned by you, like a sofa or your computer, or owed to you, like the $50 you loaned a friend. The loan or borrowed money is considered an asset for you since your friend will repay it to you.
Personal vs Business Assets
There are both personal assets and business assets. Personal assets include such things as your home, artwork you might own, your checking account, and your investments. Business assets are things like equipment, cash, and accounts receivable.
Liquid Assets and Their Convertibility
Liquid assets are things of economic value that can be quickly and easily converted to money. Liquid personal assets might include certain stocks, and liquid business assets could include inventory.
Assets in Accounting and Business Operations
In business, assets are resources owned by a business that have economic value. They might refer to the building the business owns, inventory, accounts receivable, office furniture, and computers or other technology.
How Assets Reflect on Financial Statements
Business assets are listed on a company’s financial statements. Ideally, a company’s assets should be balanced between short-term assets and fixed and long-term assets. That indicates that the business has assets it can use right now, such as cash, and those that will be available down the road.
The Distinction Between Assets and Liabilities
Assets are resources an individual or business owns that have economic value. Assets are also things owed to a business or individual, such as payment for inventory. A liability is when a business or individual owes another party. It could include things like money or accounts payable.
Asset Valuation and Depreciation
Asset valuation is a way of determining the value of an asset. There are different methods for determining value, such as the cost method, which bases an asset’s value on its original price. But assets can depreciate over time. That’s when an accounting method known as depreciation is used to allocate the cost of an asset over time.
Real-World Examples of Assets
As noted, assets can run the gamut from the physical to the intangible. What they all have in common is that they have economic value.
Everyday Items That Count as Assets
Many items that you use or deal with in your daily life are considered assets. This includes:
• Cash
• Bank accounts
• Stocks
• Bonds
• Money market funds
• Mutual funds
• Furniture
• Jewelry
• Cars
• House
• Certificates of deposit (CDs)
• Retirement accounts, such as 401(k)s
High-Value Assets in Today’s Market
The larger assets you own tend to be more valuable, such as your house, a vacation home, or rental property. Your investments may also be considered high-value assets, depending on how much they are worth. 💡 Quick Tip: Automated investing can be a smart choice for those who want to invest but may not have the knowledge or time to do so. An automated investing platform can offer portfolio options that may suit your risk tolerance and goals (but investors have little or no say over the individual securities in the portfolio).
The Nuances of Non-Physical and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, or those that have no physical presence, can be extremely important and quite valuable. So it’s wise to be aware of what they are.
Understanding Goodwill, Copyrights, and Patents
Intangible assets are such things as copyrights (on a book or piece of music, for instance) and patents (for an invention). A copyright protects the owner who produced it, and a patent protects the patent owner/inventor. What this means is that another party cannot legally use their work or invention without their permission.
Goodwill is another intangible asset, and it’s associated with the purchase of one company by another company. It is the portion of the purchase price that’s higher than the sum of the net fair value of all of the company’s assets bought and liabilities assumed.
For example, such things as brand value, reputation, and a company’s customer base are considered goodwill. These intangibles could be highly valued and the reason why a purchasing company might pay more for the company they are buying.
The Role of Digital Assets in the Modern Economy
Digital assets refer to such things as data, photos, videos, music, manuscripts, cryptocurrency, and more. Digital assets create value for the person or company that owns them.
Digital assets are becoming increasingly important as individuals, businesses, and governments use them more and more. With more of our every day resources online, and with data stored digitally, these types of assets are likely to be considered quite valuable.
Labor and Human Capital: Are Skills and Expertise Assets?
Labor is not considered an asset. Instead, it is work carried out by people that they are paid for.
Human capital refers to the value of an employee’s skills, experience, and expertise. These things are considered intangible assets. However, a company cannot list human capital on its balance sheet.
Navigating Asset Management
As an investor, you’re also likely to hear about the importance of “asset allocation” or “asset management” for your portfolio. Asset allocation is simply putting money to work in the best possible places to reach financial goals.
The idea is that by spreading money over different types of investments — stocks, bonds, cash, real estate, commodities, etc. — an investor can limit volatility and attempt to maximize the benefits of each asset class.
For example, stocks tend to offer the best opportunity for long-term growth, but can expose an investor to more risk. Bonds tend to have less risk and can provide an income stream, but their value can be affected by rising interest rates. Cash can be useful for emergencies and short-term goals, but it isn’t going to offer much growth, and it won’t necessarily keep up with inflation over the long term.
When it comes to volatility, each asset class may react differently to a piece of economic news or a national or global event, so by combining multiple assets in one portfolio, an investor may be able to help mitigate the risk overall.
Alternative investments such as real property, precious metals, and private equity ventures are examples of assets some investors also may choose to use to counter the price movements of a traditional investment portfolio.
An investor’s asset allocation typically has some mix of stocks, bonds, and cash — but the percentages of each can vary based on a person’s age, the goals for those investments, and/or a person’s tolerance for risk.
If for example, someone is saving for a wedding or another shorter-term financial goal, they may want to keep a percentage of that money in a safe, easy-to-access account, such as a high-yield online deposit account. An account like this would allow that money to grow with a competitive interest rate while it’s protected from the market’s unpredictable movements.
But for a longer-term goal, like saving for retirement, some might invest a percentage of money in the market and risk some volatility with stocks, mutual funds, and/or ETFs. This way the money may potentially grow over the long-term, and there may likely be time to recover from market fluctuations. As retirement nears, some people may wish to slowly shift their investments to an allocation that carries less risk.
The Role of Automated Asset Management Solutions
Businesses may want to consider using automated asset management systems to track and collect data on their assets. This may be easier than manually tracking assets, which could become complicated and overwhelming. There are a number of different software programs available that could help businesses with this.
Individual investors might want to think about automated investing programs to help manage their financial portfolio. These platforms may help those who want to invest for the long-term but don’t have the time or expertise to do it themselves.
However, It’s important to do your homework and consider the risks involved since automated platforms are not fully customized to each individual’s specific needs. You also need to be comfortable with the types of investments they may offer, such as ETFs, and make sure you understand the risks and possible costs involved.
Unpacking Asset Classifications Further
The assets you accumulate will likely change over time, as will your needs and your goals. So, it’s important to know the purpose of each asset you own — as well as which ones are working for you and which ones aren’t. Here are some questions you can ask yourself as you mindfully manage your assets:
1. Are you getting the maximum return on your investment, whether it’s a savings account or an investment in the market?
2. How does the asset make money (dividends, interest, appreciation)? What must happen for the investment to increase in value?
3. How does the asset match up with your personal and financial goals?
4. Is the asset short-term or long-term?
5. How liquid is the investment? How hard would it be to sell if you needed money right away?
6. What are the risks associated with the investment? What is the most you could lose? Can you handle the risk financially and emotionally?
If you aren’t sure of the answers to these questions, you may wish to get some help from a financial advisor who, among other things, can work with you to set priorities, suggest strategies for investing, assist you in coming up with the right asset allocation to suit your needs, and draw up a coordinated and comprehensive financial plan.
Short-term vs Long-term Assets
As a quick recap, short-term assets are those held for less than one year. They are also known as current assets. These assets are typically meant to be converted into cash within a year and are considered liquid. For individual investors they can include such things as money market accounts and CDs.
Long-term assets are those held for more than one year. Long-term assets can be such things as stock and bonds, as well as fixed assets such as property and real estate. Long-term assets also include intellectual property such as copyrights and patents. Long-term assets are not as liquid as short-term assets.
The Importance of Asset Liquidity
Liquid assets can be accessed quickly and converted to cash without losing much of their value. Cash is the ultimate liquid asset, but there are plenty of other examples.
If you can expect to find a number of interested buyers who will pay a fair price, and you can make the sale with some speed, your asset is probably liquid. Stock from a blue-chip company is generally an asset with liquidity. So, typically, is a high-quality mutual fund.
Some assets are non-liquid or illiquid. These assets have value, but they may not be as easy to convert into cash when it’s needed. Your car or home might be your biggest asset, for example, depending on how much of it you actually own. But It might take a while to get a fair price if you sold it — and you’ll likely need to replace it eventually.
While some investments have long-term objectives — including saving for a secure retirement — liquidity can be an important factor to consider when evaluating which assets belong in a portfolio.
Many unexpected events come with big price tags, so it can help to have some cash or cash equivalents on hand in case an urgent need comes up. General recommendations suggest having three to six months’ worth of living expenses stashed away in an emergency fund — using an account that’s available whenever you need it.
Some might also consider keeping a portion of money in investments that are reasonably liquid, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). This way, ideally, the assets can be liquidated in a relatively quick timeframe if they are needed. (Although, of course, there’s never any guarantee.)
Choosing that original asset allocation is important — but maintenance and portfolio rebalancing is also key over time. As people attain some of their short- or mid-range goals (paying for that wedding, for instance, or getting the down payment on a house) they may wish to consider where the money will go next, and what kind of account it should be in.
As life changes, it is possible that the original balance of stocks vs. bonds vs. other investments is no longer appropriate for a person’s current and future needs. As a result, they may want to become more aggressive or more conservative, depending on the situation.
Rebalancing also may become necessary if the success — or failure — of a particular asset group alters a portfolio’s target allocation.
If, for example, after a big market rally or long bull run (both of which we’ve experienced in recent years) a 60% allocation to stocks becomes something closer to 75%, it may be time to sell some stock and get back to that original 60%. This way, an investor can protect some of the profits while buying other assets when they are down in price.
You can do your rebalancing manually or automatically. Some investors check in on their portfolio regularly (monthly, quarterly or annually) and adjust it if necessary. Others rebalance when a set allocation shifts noticeably.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
SoFi Invest® SoFi Invest refers to the two investment and trading platforms operated by Social Finance, Inc. and its affiliates (described below). Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of the platforms below.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA(www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above, including state licensure of SoFi Digital Assets, LLC, please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform. Information related to lending products contained herein should not be construed as an offer or pre-qualification for any loan product offered by SoFi Bank, N.A.
A security is any financial instrument with a fungible value (meaning a value that’s essentially equal) that investors can trade. Common securities include stocks, bonds, and index and mutual funds, as well as options and other derivatives that derive their value from other assets. Most securities trade on financial exchanges, and all play a role in aiming to build wealth for individuals, companies, and other investors.
What are securities in finance and how do they work? Here’s a glimpse inside the world of securities in trading.
What is a Security?
A security is a tradable investment vehicle that traders can buy and sell on financial exchanges or other platforms. In general, investors earn money by buying securities at a low price and selling them at a higher one.
Securities in finance have some monetary value; buyers and sellers determine their value when trading them. Securities vary in nature – stocks, for example, represent ownership in a company, while bonds are essentially loan vehicles where borrowers pay lenders interest for their loan money.
Here are some common security categories.
Equity Securities
This type of securities in finance includes stocks and stock funds. Typically traded on exchanges, the price of equity securities rise or fall depending on the economy, the performance of the underlying company that offers the stock (or companies in the fund), and the sector that company or fund operates. Individual stocks may also pay dividends to investors who own them. 💡 Quick Tip: Investment fees are assessed in different ways, including trading costs, account management fees, and possibly broker commissions. When you set up an investment account, be sure to get the exact breakdown of your “all-in costs” so you know what you’re paying.
Debt Securities
This group includes bonds and other fixed-income vehicles where lenders borrow money from investors and pay an interest rate (i.e., the price for borrowing) on the investment principal. Bond issuers may include states, local and municipal governments, companies, and banks and other financial institutions. Typically, debt securities pay investors a specific interest rate paid usually twice per year until a maturity date, when the bond expires.
Some common debt securities include:
• Treasury bills. Issued by the U.S. government, T-Bills are considered among the safest securities.
• Corporate bonds. These are bonds issued by companies to raise money without going to the equity markets.
• Bond funds. These allow investors to get exposure to the bond market without buying individual bonds.
Derivatives
This group of securities includes higher-risk investments like options trading and futures which offer investors a higher rate of return but at a higher level of risk.
Derivatives are based on underlying assets, and it’s the performance of those assets that drive derivative security investment returns. For example, an investor can buy a call option based on 100 shares of ABC stock, at a specific price and at a specific time before the option contract expires. If ABC stock declines during that contract period, the call option buyer has the right to buy the stock at a reduced rate, thus locking in gains when the stock price rises again.
Derivatives allow investors to place higher-risk bets on stocks, bonds, and commodities like oil or gold, and currencies. Typically, institutional investors, such as pension funds or hedge funds, are more active in the derivative market than individual investors.
Hybrid Securities
A hybrid security combines two or more distinct investment securities into one security. For example, a convertible bond is a debt security, due to its fixed income component, but also has characteristics of a stock, since it’s convertible.
Hybrid securities sometimes act like debt securities, as when they provide investors with a floating or fixed rate of return, as bonds normally do. Hybrid securities, however, may also pay dividends like stocks and offer unique tax advantages of both stocks and bonds. 💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.
How Security Trading Works
Securities often trade in open financial exchanges where investors can buy or sell securities with the goal of making a financial profit.
Stocks, for example, are listed on global stock exchanges and investors can purchase them during market trading hours. Exchanges are highly regulated and expected to comply with strict fair-trading mandates. For example, U.S.-based stock exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq must adhere to the rules and regulations laid out by Congress and enforced by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Each country has their own rules and regulations for fair and compliant securities trading, including oversight of stocks, bonds, derivatives, and other investment vehicles. Debt instruments, like bonds, usually trade on secondary markets while stocks and derivatives are traded on stock exchanges.
There are many ways for investors to engage in security trading. A few of the most common ones include:
Brokerage Accounts
Once an investor opens a brokerage account with a credentialed investment firm, they can start trading securities.
All a stock or bond investor has to do is fill out the required forms and deposit money to fund their investments. Investors looking to invest in higher-risk derivatives like options, futures, or currencies may have to fill out additional documentation proving their credentials as educated, experienced investors. They may also have to make larger cash deposits, as trading in derivatives is more complex and has more potential for risk.
Some investors with brokerage accounts can engage in margin trading, meaning that they trade securities using money borrowed from the broker.
Retirement Accounts
By opening a retirement account, through work or a bank or brokerage account, investors can invest in a range of securities, including stocks, mutual and index funds, bonds and bond funds, and annuities.
The type of securities you have access to will depend on the type of retirement account that you have. Workplace plans such as 401(k)s typically have fewer investment choices (but higher limits for tax-advantaged contributions) than Individual Retirement Accounts.
The Takeaway
There are many different types of securities that investors may purchase as part of their portfolio. Choosing which securities to invest in will depend on several factors, including your financial goals, current financial picture, and risk tolerance.
A great way to start building a portfolio of securities is by opening a brokerage account on the SoFi Invest® investment platform. Securities on the platform include stocks and exchange-traded funds.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.
FAQ
What are the four types of securities?
The four types of securities are: equity securities (such as stocks), debt securities (such as bonds), derivatives (such as higher-risk investments like options trading), and hybrid securities (such as convertible bonds).
What is a securities investment?
A securities investment is an investment in a security such as stocks, bonds, or derivatives. A security is a tradable type of investment that traders can buy and sell.
What’s the difference between securities and shares?
Stocks, also known as equity shares, are a type of security. The term “securities” refers to a range of different investments, one of which is stocks, or shares.
Photo credit: iStock/paulaphoto
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
SoFi Invest® SoFi Invest refers to the two investment and trading platforms operated by Social Finance, Inc. and its affiliates (described below). Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of the platforms below.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA(www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above, including state licensure of SoFi Digital Assets, LLC, please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform. Information related to lending products contained herein should not be construed as an offer or pre-qualification for any loan product offered by SoFi Bank, N.A.
A forward contract, also referred to as a forward, is a type of customizable derivative contract between a buyer and a seller that sets the sale of an asset at a specific price on a specific future date. Like all derivatives, a forward contract is not an asset itself, but a contract representing the potential future trade of an underlying asset.
Forward contracts are similar to options, as discussed below, but there are some key differences that investors will need to know if they plan to use forwards as a part of their investing strategy.
How Do Forward Contracts Work?
Forwards are similar to options contracts in that they set a specific price, amount, and expiration date for a trade, but they are different because most options give traders the right, but not the obligation, to trade. With forwards contracts the transaction must take place on the expiration date.
Unlike futures contracts, another type of derivative, forwards are only settled once on their expiration date. The ability to customize forwards makes them popular with investors, since the buyer and seller can set the exact terms they want for the contract. Many other types of derivative contracts have preset contract terms.
There are four main aspects and terms that traders should understand and consider before entering into a forward contract. These components are:
• Asset: This refers to the underlying asset associated with the forward contract.
• Expiration Date: This is the date that the contract ends, and this is when the actual trade occurs between the buyer and seller. Traders will either settle the contract in cash or through the trade of the asset.
• Quantity: The forward contract will specify the number of units of the underlying asset subject to the transaction.
• Price: The contract will include the price per unit of the underlying asset, including the currency in which the transaction will take place.
Investors trade forwards over the counter instead of on centralized exchanges. Since the two parties custom create the forwards, they are more flexible than other types of financial products. However, they carry higher risk due to a lack of regulation and third party guarantee. 💡 Quick Tip: In order to profit from purchasing a stock, the price has to rise. But an options account offers more flexibility, and an options trader might gain if the price rises or falls. This is a high-risk strategy, and investors can lose money if the trade moves in the wrong direction.
Recommended: What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Stocks?
What’s the Difference Between Forward and Futures Contracts?
Futures and forwards have many similarities in that they are both types of investments that specify a price, quantity, and date of a future transaction. However, there are some key differences for traders to know, including:
• Futures are standardized options contracts traded on centralized exchanges, while forwards are customized contracts created privately between two parties.
• Futures are settled through clearing houses, making them less risky and more guaranteed than forwards contracts, which are settled directly between the two parties. Parties involved in futures contracts almost never default on them.
• Futures are marked to market and settled daily, meaning that investors can execute a strategy to trade them whenever an exchange is open. Forwards are only settled on the expiration date. Because of this, forwards don’t usually include initial margins or maintenance margins like futures do.
• It’s more common for futures to be settled in cash, while forwards are often settled in the asset.
• The futures market is highly liquid, making it easy for investors to buy and sell whenever they want to, whereas the forwards market is far less liquid, adding additional risk.
Forward Contract Example
Let’s look at an example of a forward contract. If an agricultural company knows that in six months they will have one million bushels of wheat to sell, they may have concerns about changes in the price of wheat. If they think the price of wheat might decline in six months, they could enter into a forward contract with a financial institution that agrees to purchase the wheat for $5 per bushel in six months time in a cash settlement.
By the time of the expiration date, there are three possibilities for the wheat market:
1. The price per bushel is still $5. If the asset price hasn’t changed in six months, no transaction takes place between the agricultural company and the financial institution and the contract expires.
2. The price per bushel has increased. Let’s say the price of wheat is now $5.20 per bushel. In this case the agricultural producer must pay the financial institution $0.20 per bushel, the difference between the current price market and the price set in the contract, which was $5. So, the agricultural producer must pay $200,000.
3. The price per bushel has decreased. Let’s say the price is now $4.50. In this case the financial institution must pay the agricultural producer the difference between the spot price and the contract price, which would be $500,000.
Pros and Cons of Trading Forwards
Forwards can be useful tools for traders, but they also come with risks and downsides.
Pros of Trading Forwards
There are several reasons that investors might choose to use a forward:
• Flexibility in the terms set by the contract
• Hedge against future losses
• Useful tool for speculation
• Large market
Cons of Trading Forwards
Investors who use forwards should be aware that there are risks involved with these financial products. Those include:
• Risky and unpredictable market
• Not as liquid as the futures market
• OTC trading means a higher chance of default and no third party guarantees or regulations
• Details of contracts in the market are not made known to the public
• Contracts are only settled on the expiration date, making them riskier than futures contracts that are marked-to-market regularly
Who Uses Forward Contracts?
Typically, institutional investors and day traders use forwards more commonly than retail investors. That’s because the forwards market can be risky and unpredictable since traders create the contracts privately on a case-by-case basis. Often the public does not learn the details of agreements, and there is a risk that one party will default.
Institutional traders often use forwards to lock in exchange rates ahead of a planned international purchase. Traders might also buy and sell contracts themselves instead of waiting for the trade of the underlying asset.
Traders also use forwards to speculate on assets. For instance, if a trader thinks the price of an asset will increase in the future, they might enter into a long position in a forward contract to be able to buy the asset at the current lower price and sell it at the future higher price for a profit. 💡 Quick Tip: If you’re an experienced investor and bullish about a stock, buying call options (rather than the stock itself) can allow you to take the same position, with less cash outlay. It is possible to lose money trading options, if the price moves against you.
How Do Investors Use Forwards?
Traders use forwards to hedge against future losses and avoid price volatility by locking in a particular asset price or to speculate on the price of a particular asset, such as a currency, commodity, or stock. Forwards are not subject to price fluctuations since buyers and sellers have agreed to a predetermined price.
The trader buying a forward contract is taking a long position, and the trader selling is going into a short position. This is similar to options traders who buy calls and puts. The long position profits if the price of the underlying asset goes up, and the short position profits if it goes down.
Locking in a future price can be very helpful for traders, especially for assets that tend to be volatile such as currencies or commodities like oil, wheat, precious metals, natural gas.
Recommended: Why Is It Risky to Invest in Commodities?
The Takeaway
Forward contracts are a common way for institutional investors to hedge against future volatility or protect against losses. However, they’re risky securities that may not be the best investment for most retail investors.
Given the specialized nature of forwards contracts (and other types of options), the risks may outweigh the potential rewards for many investors. As such, it may be a good idea to consult a financial professional before dabbling with forwards, or incorporating them into a larger investing strategy.
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At the beginning of inflation/rate hike cycle, everything I read said invest in stocks and real estate (and TIPS) to beat inflation. It sure doesn’t feel like stocks beat inflation but I haven’t run the numbers… Can you show how accurate these suggestions were and what, if anything, did beat inflation the past 2 or 3 years?
Michael
What a fantastic question. Let’s answer it today. We’ll need to take a few baby steps to answer Michael’s question.
What time frame are we going to look at (and why)?
What asset classes are we going to look at (and why)?
What tools can we use to look at those asset classes and compare their performance?
What’s Our Timeframe?
We must start by determining a “before” and “after.” Are we looking at inflation? Or the Fed’s interest rate hikes? A combination of both?
The current jumble of inflation and interest rates is undoubtedly connected to COVID-19. The Federal Reserve swiftly lowered interest rates in response to the pandemic’s economic slowdown and printed a few trillion dollars.
To answer today’s question, we should start prior to that period. January 2020 makes sense. For an end date, we’ll pick right now – December 2023. Here’s how interest rates (in orange) and inflation (purple) have changed over time. For ease of comparison, the inflation line shows a total increase of 19.03% in the past 36 months.
What Asset Classes Are We Looking At (And Why)?
Specifically, Michael asked about stocks, real estate, and TIPS** in his question.
TIPS are Treasury Inflation-Protected Bonds. These bonds provide a small nominal return plus a variable return based on rates of inflation.They are, as the name implies “inflation-protected” and, in theory, should not have been negatively affected by recent inflation.
We must also look at the most basic, inflation-exposed asset: cash. I also want to look at traditional bonds and commodities.
Most bonds aren’t TIPS. They’re not inflation-protected. In fact, inflation is a bond investor’s worst nightmare. The cashflow from a bond is guaranteed to be fixed. Inflation guarantees the value of those fixed dollars slowly decays. Not good.
Commodities – like oil, gold, timber, pork, etc. – should, in theory, rise with inflation. As prices rise around us, the price of commodities should rise too. While the magnitude of commodity inflation might not match CPI data 1-to-1, we *should* see some correlation.
The Results
Remember: our inflation figure is 19.03% over this time period. In comparison, our six asset classes have performed:
Cash = +6.33% (in purple below)
Stocks = +49.32% (orange)
Real estate = +3.59% (blue)
TIPS = +11.17% (green)
Bonds = (-5.27%) (pink)
Commodities = +42.36% (brown)
Back to Michael’s original question:
Stocks provided a legitimate real return (despite 2022 being a bad year). Take it with a grain of salt, though. I’m not a proponent of using a 3-year stock market return to prove an investing idea – stocks are just too volatile. Today’s article is a special case based on the inflation/interest rate timeline we chose.
Real estate got crushed. Some of you might be thinking, “Aren’t houses and apartments crazy expensive?! How can real estate be doing poorly?” For today’s purposes, we’re using Vanguard’s most diversified real estate index fund as our measuring stick. That fund includes various commercial real estate sectors, many of which got 1) crushed by COVID and then 2) got similarly throttled by the interest rate hikes of 2022. It’s been a tough period for real estate investors.
TIPS “only” returned 11.17%, despite the promise they’d keep up with inflation. What gives?! The main explanation is, once again, rising interest rates. TIPS should be thought of as two-products-in-one. The first product is a normal bond with a fixed nominal return. The second is a variable aspect that protects against unexpected inflation. While the second portion is doing its job, the first “normal bond” portion has been negatively affected by rising interest rates just like all other bonds (in pink). TIPS are doing what they’re meant to do…but that doesn’t mean TIPS investors are excited about it. In fact, if you compare TIPS (+11.17%) to normal bonds (-5.27%) the difference is pretty close to the overall rate of inflation, which is what we’d expect.
Commodities are up 42.36% – wow! But when I see that commodities plot, I see volatility! Plus, commodities are not income-producing assets. That’s the main reason I don’t own commodities, and not even today’s graph is going to change my mind.
Finally, we have cash providing a slow, steady 6.33% return. The lesson is clear: cash loses ground to inflation. Period. Cash is vital to meet your near-term financial needs. That cash should be parked somewhere earning ~5% right now. But that’s not a long-term solution, nor a reason to be overexposed to cash right now. Long-term assets need to be elsewhere, earning a real return above inflation.
Michael, thanks for the awesome question. Hopefully these lessons help us out some time in the future.
Thank you for reading! If you enjoyed this article, join 7000+ subscribers who read my 2-minute weekly email, where I send you links to the smartest financial content I find online every week.
-Jesse
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When you look at your investment portfolio, does Rube Goldberg come to mind? Goldberg was a Pulitzer Price winning cartoonist famous for drawing complicated contraptions designed to perform simple tasks. In fact, Webster’s New World Dictionary defines a “Rube Goldberg” as a “comically involved, complicated invention, laboriously contrived to perform a simple operation.”
Investing should be simple. It’s not necessary to have a dozen or more mutual funds covering a wide range of asset classes. Such “diversity” complicates the management of your investments and isn’t likely to increase your returns or lower your risk.
Rube Goldberg came to mind when I recently read an email from a reader named Jason:
This is a great email on an important topic. Are we going to invest to mimic the overall market, or are we going to collect a dozen or more holdings? What’s the right approach?
I addressed Jason’s question about “value” funds in the podcast. In short, an index is designed to determine value versus growth based on math. They use ratios such as the p/e (price to earnings), p/b (price to book), and other objective measures of value.
But let’s get back to Jason’s main question – how complicated should investing be? The starting point is the 3-Fund Portfolio.
1. Three-Fund Portfolio
There’s a group loosely referred to as the Bogleheads (named after Vanguard founder, John Bogle)who advocate the Three-Fund Portfolio. The three-funds cover the three main asset classes (I’ve included Vanguard ETFs one could use to build a 3-fund portfolio, but mutual funds and investments from other companies could be used, too):
Total Market US Equities (Example: VTI)
Total Market Intl EquitiesExample: VGTXS)
Total Bond Market (Example: VBMFX)
With those three ETFs, you’d have the investment markets covered, but only three funds to manage, allocate and rebalance. This is the direction I’m heading as I simplify my investing. Note that you could simplify this even further with a target-date retirement fund. Vanguard’s target-date funds, for example, use the above three investment types along with an international bond fund.
2. Slice and Dice
Many investors aren’t satisfied with the above 3-Fund portfolio. They look to further diversify their investments into sub-asset classes. Frankly, I’ve taken the slice and dice approach for more than two decades.
While there is no one way that one can construct a portfolio that goes beyond the core asset classes, here are five common sub-asset classes that many investors want more exposure:
Small-Cap – Smaller companies historically have produced higher returns, but also come with more volatility.
Value Funds – These funds seek to invest in undervalued companies, and historically have outperformed growth companies (although there is some debate on the relative performance between value and growth).
Emerging Markets: As with small caps, emerging markets historically have generated higher returns in exchange for greater volatility.
REITs – real estate investment trusts offer stock-like returns with some measure of diversity.
Commodities – While the returns aren’t as rich, many believe commodities offer valuable diversity to a portfolio.
I have positions in all of these sectors, although as I mentioned I’m working to simplify my portfolio.
3. Diversity Has Nothing to Do With the Number of Mutual Funds in a Portfolio
It’s critical to understand that even a 3-Fund Portfolio has exposure to each of these asset classes. As an example, a total U.S. equity fund has exposure to small caps, value, REITs, and even commodities. Simply by owning multi-national companies gives exposure to many asset classes.
In the case of VTI, one gets exposure to the following according to Morningstar:
Micro-cap: 2.62%
Small-cap: 6.47%
Mid-cap: 29.02%
Real Estate: 3.72%
Further, VTI gives equal weighting to value and growth stocks.
Similarly, a totally international market will have exposure to emerging markets. VGTXS, for example, has 14.52% in emerging markets. The point: Most investors will get little if any benefit from seeking additional exposure to these sub-asset classes beyond what a total market fund provides.
4. Why slice and dice
Having said all of that, there are times when exposure to sub-asset classes is justified. The first is that an investor’s personality is drawn to this type of investing. While this may surprise some, the behavioral side of investing should never be ignored. Those that like to dabble in more complex asset allocation plans won’t hurt themselves, so long as they keep costs low and stick to their plan.
Second, a good argument can be made for additional exposure to real estate. REITs enjoy stock-like returns and add diversity to a portfolio.
5. Problems with slice and dice
There are some realities to a complicated portfolio that should be considered:
There’s absolutely no guarantee that it will improve your returns or lower your risk compared to a basic three-fund portfolio. Just because small caps outperformed the general market in the past doesn’t mean they will in the future. In his book Don’t Count on It!: Reflections on Investment Illusions, Capitalism, “Mutual” Funds, Indexing, Entrepreneurship, Idealism, and Heroes, John Bogle says that small caps have outperformed the general market mainly because there were a couple of years where they did very well compared to the overall market. There’s no guarantee such performance will repeat itself.
Each additional investment added to a portfolio increases the portfolio’s complexity. Additional funds add to the burden of monitoring investments and rebalancing them. It often requires one to allocate across multiple account types, which further complicates the whole affair. (See the Rube Goldberg image above for more details.)
My own feeling is both the three-fund portfolio and the slice and dice portfolio will work, but complication is the real difference. And for what it’s worth, robo advisors like Betterment use somewhat complicated portfolios. The difference is that they handle all of the rebalancing for you.
6. My Own 401(k) plan
Portfolio allocations can be more complicated with 401(k) plans. Unlike an IRA, we have limited investment options, many of which are expensive. Nevertheless, I’ve worked hard to simplify my own 401(k) portfolio by investing in just three funds. In the process, I’ve tried to create a standalone portfolio that doesn’t require additional allocations from non-retirement assets or other retirement plans. The plan will be fully diversified on its own.
Here are the three funds I use in my plan:
Dodge and Cox International Stock Fund (DODFX) – 40%
Fidelity S&P Index Fund (FXSIX) – 40%
Vanguard Total Bond Fund (VBTLX) – 20%
The Dodge and Cox fund is an actively managed fund with an expense ratio of – .64%. It’s a great fund in my opinion, and the fee is actually not high for actively managed funds. My total cost for keeping all three funds is .29%, even with the Dodge and Cox fund. With just three funds, rebalancing is easy. I don’t feel that slicing and dicing into a variety of funds will have a material effect on the long-term performance of my 401(k).
I’m not entirely closed to the idea of adding some additional asset classes to my plan, particularly REITs. Whatever you choose, however, work hard to keep it simple.
Rob Berger is the founder of Dough Roller and the Dough Roller Money Podcast. A former securities law attorney and Forbes deputy editor, Rob is the author of the book Retire Before Mom and Dad. He educates independent investors on his YouTube channel and at RobBerger.com.
All investments carry some risk, but the difference between speculating and investing is the amount of risk involved. Speculative investments are typically short-term, and far riskier than traditional investing products and strategies, and may involve the risk of total loss.
Investing typically indicates a more long-term approach to making a profit, with an eye toward managing risk.
Defining Investing and Speculation
Speculating often describes scenarios when there’s a high chance the investment will deliver losses, but also when the investment could result in a high profit. High-risk, high-reward investments include commodities, crypto, derivatives, futures, and more.
In contrast, investing generally refers to transactions where an individual has researched an asset, and puts money into it with the hope that prices will rise over time. There are no guarantees, of course, and all types of investing include some form of risk.
Examples of Investments and Speculative Investments
Assets that are thought of as more traditional types of investments include publicly traded stocks, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), bonds (e.g. U.S. Treasury bonds, municipal bonds, high-grade corporate bonds), and real estate.
Even some so-called alternative investments would be considered more long-term and less speculative: e.g., jewelry, art, collectibles.
Assets that are almost always considered speculative are junk bonds, options, futures, cryptocurrency, forex and foreign currencies, and investments in startup companies.
Sometimes it isn’t as simple as saying that all investments in the stock market or in exchange-traded funds or in mutual funds hold the same amount of risk, or are “definitely” classified as investments. Even within certain asset classes, there can be large variations across the speculation spectrum. 💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.
The Traditional Approach to Investing
When it comes to the more traditional approach to investing, individuals typically buy and hold assets in their investment portfolios or retirement accounts, with the aim of seeing reasonable, long-term gains.
Traditional forms of investing focus on the performance of the underlying business or organization, not on the day-to-day or hour-by-hour price movements of an asset.
For this reason, more traditional investors tend to rely on various forms of analysis (e.g. fundamental analysis of stocks) and analytical tools and metrics to gauge the health of a company, asset, or market sector.
Speculation: A High-Risk, High-Reward Game
The difference between speculating and investing can be nuanced and a matter of opinion. (After all, some investors view the stock market as a form of gambling.) But when traders are speculating, they are typically seeking super-high gains in a relatively short period of time: e.g., hours, days, or weeks.
In the case of commodities or futures trading, the time horizon might be longer, but the aim of making a big profit fairly quickly is at the heart of most speculation.
Speculators may also use leverage, a.k.a. margin trading, to boost their buying power and amplify gains where possible (although using leverage can also lead to steep losses).
The Psychology of Investing vs. Speculating
The psychology of a typical investor is quite different from that of a speculative investor, and again revolves around the higher tolerance for risk in pursuit of a potentially bigger reward in a very short time frame.
Long-Term Investing
Speculating
Taking calculated or minimal risks
Willing to take on high-risk endeavors
Pursuit of reasonable gains
Pursuit of abnormally high returns
Willing to invest for the long term
Willing to invest only for the short term
Uses a mix of traditional investments and strategies (e.g. stocks, bonds, funds)
Uses single strategies and alternative investments
Infrequent use of leverage/margin
Frequent use of leverage/margin
Historical Perspectives on Investing and Speculation
The history of investing and speculating has long been entwined. In the earliest days of trading thousands of years ago, most markets were focused on the exchange of tangible commodities like livestock, grain, etc. Wealthy investors might put their money into global voyages or even wars. Thus many early investors could be described as speculators.
But investing in forms of debt as a way to make money was also common, eventually leading to the bond market as we know it today.
The concept of investing in companies and focusing on longer-term gains took hold gradually. As markets became more sophisticated over the centuries, and a wider range of technologies, strategies, and financial products came into use, the division between investing and speculating became more distinct.
Recommended: What Causes a Stock Market Bubble?
Speculation History: Notable Market Bubbles and Crashes
The history of investing is rife with market bubbles, manias, and crashes. While the speculative market around tulip bulbs in 17th-century Holland is well known, as is the Great Financial Crisis here in the U.S. in 2008-09, there have been many similar financial events throughout the world — most of them driven by speculation.
What marks a bubble is a well-established series of stages driven by investor emotions like exuberance (i.e., greed) followed by panic and loss. That’s because many investors tend to be irrational, especially when in pursuit of a quick profit that seems like “a sure thing.”
Some classic examples of financial bubbles that changed the course of history:
• The South Sea Bubble (U.K., 1711 to 1720) — The South Sea company was created in 1711 to help reduce national war debt. The company stock peaked in 1720 and then crashed, taking with it the fortunes of many.
• The Roaring Twenties (U.S., 1924 to 1929) — The 1920s saw a rapid expansion of the U.S. economy, thanks to both corporations’ and consumers’ growing use of credit. Stock market speculation reached a peak in 1929, followed by the infamous crash, and the Great Depression.
• Japanese Bubble Economy (1984 to 1989) — The Japanese economy experienced a historic two-decade period of growth beginning in the 1960s, that was further fueled by financial deregulation and widespread speculation that artificially inflated the worth of many corporations and land values. By late 1989, as the government raised interest rates, the economy fell into a prolonged slowdown that took years to recover from.
• Dot-Com Bubble (1995 to 2002) — Sparked by rapid internet adoption, the dot-com boom saw the rapid growth of tech companies in the late 1990s, when the Nasdaq rose 800%. But by October 2002 it had fallen 78% from that high mark.
Key Differences Between Investing and Speculating
What can be confusing for some investors is that there is an overlap between investing in the traditional sense, and speculative investing in higher risk instruments.
And some types of investing fall into the gray area between the two. For example, options trading, commodities trading, or buying IPO stock are considered high-risk endeavors that should be reserved for more experienced investors. What makes these types of investments more speculative, again, is the shorter time frame and the overall risk level.
Time Horizon: Long-term Goals vs. Quick Gains
As noted above, investors typically take a longer view and invest for a longer time frame; speculators seek quick-turn profits within a shorter period.
That’s because more traditional investors are inclined to seek profits over time, based on the quality of their investments. This strategy at its core is a way of managing risk in order to maximize potential gains.
Speculators are more aggressive: They’re geared toward quick profits, using a single strategy or asset to deliver an outsized gain — with a willingness to accept a much higher risk factor, and the potential for steep losses.
Fundamental Analysis vs. Market Timing
As a result of these two different mindsets, investors and speculators utilize different means of achieving their ends.
Investors focused on more traditional strategies might use tools like fundamental analysis to gauge the worthiness of an investment.
Speculators don’t necessarily base their choices on the quality of a certain asset. They’re more interested in the technical analysis of securities that will help them predict and, ideally, profit from short-term price movements. While buy-and-hold investors focus on time in the market, speculators are looking to time the market. 💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.
Real-World Implications of Investment vs. Speculation
To better understand the respective value and impact of investing vs. speculating, it helps to consider the real-world implications of each strategy.
The Impact of Speculation on Markets
It’s important to remember that speculation occurs in many if not all market sectors. So speculation isn’t bad, nor does it always add to volatility — although in certain circumstances it can.
For example, some point to IPO shares as an example of how speculative investors, who are looking for quick profits, may help fuel the volatility of IPO stock.
Speculation does add liquidity to the markets, though, which facilitates trading. And speculative investors often inject cash into companies that need it, which provides a vital function in the economy.
Strategic Approaches to Investment
Whether an investor chooses a more traditional route or a more speculative one, or a combination of these strategies, comes down to that person’s skill, goals, and ability to tolerate risk.
Diversification and Asset Allocation
For more traditional, longer-term investors, there are two main tools in their toolkit that help manage risk over time.
• Diversification is the practice of investing in more than one asset class, and also diversifying within that asset class. Studies have shown that by diversifying the assets in your portfolio, you may offset a certain amount of investment risk and thereby improve returns.
• Asset allocation is the practice of balancing a portfolio between more aggressive and more conservative holdings, also with the aim of growth while managing risk.
When Does Speculation Make Sense?
Speculation makes sense for a certain type of investor, with a certain level of experience and risk profile. It’s not so much that speculative investing always makes sense in Cases A, B, or C. It’s more about an investor mastering certain speculative strategies to the degree that they feel comfortable with the level of risk they’re taking on.
The Takeaway
One way to differentiate between investment and speculation is through the lens of probability. If an asset is purchased that carries a reasonable probability of profit over time, it’s an investment. If an asset carries a higher likelihood of significant fluctuation and volatility, it is speculation.
A long-term commitment to a broad stock market investment, like an equity-based index fund, is generally considered an investment. Historical data shows us that the likelihood of seeing gains over long periods, like 20 years or more, is high.
Compare that with a trader who purchases a single stock with the expectation that the price will surge that very day (or even that year!) — which is far more difficult to predict and has a much lower probability of success.
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This is a sponsored partnership with The Entrust Group. Having more options for your retirement savings is always nice. And that’s where self-directed IRAs (SDIRAs) come in. These tax-advantaged accounts allow you to invest in real estate, small businesses, private equity, gold, oil, and more. An SDIRA differs significantly from an IRA or a 401k…
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Having more options for your retirement savings is always nice.
And that’s where self-directed IRAs (SDIRAs) come in. These tax-advantaged accounts allow you to invest in real estate, small businesses, private equity, gold, oil, and more. An SDIRA differs significantly from an IRA or a 401k from a brokerage, where your options are limited to traditional assets like stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.
SDIRAs do give you more choices, but there is more work needed from you as they are a tad more complicated.
Key Takeaways
Self-directed IRAs can diversify your portfolio with different kinds of alternative assets.
SDIRAs can be set up as traditional or Roth IRAs.
There are cons to having an SDIRA, such as possible scams and the need for increased due diligence on the part of the account holder.
What is a Self-Directed IRA? – Complete Guide
So, what is a self-directed IRA?
A self-directed IRA (SDIRA) is simply an IRA in the eyes of the IRS.
But there is a big difference.
The most significant change with using an SDIRA is that you can invest in assets that are different from a standard retirement account (such as real estate, gold, bitcoin, and more – otherwise known as “alternative assets”), AND you can still use the same tax benefits as any other IRA.
Every investment and transaction is made on your request – not at the discretion of a financial institution.
Why have I never heard of a self-directed IRA?
Okay, so until recently, I had yet to hear of a self-directed IRA. You may not have either.
This is because SDIRAs are less common than the typical IRA you might already have. There are many different options for building your retirement portfolio out there, and this one requires more work on your end, so it’s less commonly used.
But, SDIRAs do have a wide range of potential. They are helpful for investors who want to diversify their retirement portfolio with assets beyond the usual stocks and bonds. In particular, they are an excellent option for investors with expertise in a specific area, like real estate or startups. They allow investors to use their existing retirement funds to invest in these types of assets to better take advantage of their own experiences.
How is a self-directed IRA different from a regular IRA?
The main difference between a self-directed IRA and one that is not self-directed is the different investment options available. SDIRAs can invest in alternative assets such as real estate, private businesses, precious metals, etc. However, standard IRAs are limited to stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.
If you’re looking to diversify your assets, then this may be a retirement account that could be great for you.
Types of self-directed IRAs
With SDIRAs, you can still receive the same tax benefits as an IRA holding publicly traded assets.
There are two main categories of self-directed accounts: traditional and Roth. Both have tax advantages, but they differ in how your contributions and withdrawals are taxed.
Traditional self-directed IRA – Your contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, which could lower your taxable income. There are also no income limits on contributions. When withdrawing the funds at retirement, you pay taxes on the distributions.
Roth self-directed IRA – Your contributions are made with after-tax dollars, so they don’t reduce your taxable income. All qualified withdrawals at retirement will be tax-free, including any gains your investments have made.
It’s essential to evaluate your financial situation and goals when choosing the type of SDIRA that’s best for you. There are also income and contribution limits to remember, mainly as these are updated annually.
How does a self-directed IRA work?
To invest with a self-directed IRA, you’ll have to open an account with a financial institution offering SDIRAs, often called a custodian, administrator, or recordkeeper.
After that, you can transfer or rollover money from an existing IRA or 401(k) into your SDIRA and look for an asset to invest in. You’ll be in charge of all asset decisions (this means that it’s your job to do as much research as you can), as well as ongoing account management.
It’s crucial to remember: per IRS rules, the custodian you choose does not help you to make investment choices. There are also other rules and regulations you must follow (you can read more about this at Self-Directed IRA Rules), such as avoiding prohibited transactions and staying within the annual contribution limits.
What Can You Invest In With A Self-Directed IRA?
A self-directed IRA lets you invest in various assets compared to regular IRAs.
Common investment choices
With a self-directed IRA, you can invest in assets such as:
Real estate – This could be rental properties, hotels, parking garages, or even empty land.
Precious metals – You can invest in physical gold, silver, platinum, and palladium.
Private equity – This includes investing in private companies not listed on public stock exchanges, including small businesses and start-ups.
Cryptocurrencies – Some self-directed IRAs allow investing in digital currencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Commodities – You can invest in oil, gas, sustainable energy, and more.
Prohibited investments in self-directed IRAs
While there are many new things that you can invest in with an SDIRA that you may not normally do, there are some that are not allowed. Here are some examples of investments that are not allowed:
Collectibles – You cannot invest in antiques, artwork, and stamps.
Life insurance
S Corporations
Explore over 90 alternative assets you can invest in with a self-directed IRA (and learn more about the ones you can’t) here!
Understanding a Self-Directed IRA (SDIRA)
Here are some essential things to think about when it comes to self-directed IRAs:
Due diligence
Due diligence means doing careful research and checking everything thoroughly before making an important decision. Since you are responsible for all the investment choices, you’ll want to do your homework beforehand to make sure you know all the facts and risks involved.
Legalities and regulations
You should be aware of the legalities and regulations surrounding SDIRAs. As mentioned before, certain transactions, such as investing in life insurance or collectibles, may be prohibited. There are also separate IRS deadlines for some types of assets.
In addition to the prohibited transactions listed above, it’s also essential to remember that the IRS has strict regulations concerning who can materially benefit from or transact with the SDIRA – known as “disqualified persons.” These are people like your spouse and children. For example, if you purchase a rental property, you (and your family) cannot use it for a family vacation.
Fees and expenses
SDIRAs have fees for recordkeeping and making transactions. Knowing the costs can impact how much money you make from your investments and may change your decisions.
Contribution limits and rules
Like IRAs from a bank or brokerage, SDIRAs have annual contribution limits. Be mindful of the limitations and make sure that your contributions follow the rules set by the IRS.
Withdrawal rules and penalties
You should be aware of the self-directed IRA withdrawal rules and penalties. Early withdrawals made before the age of 59.5 years may be subject to a 10% penalty and additional taxes. Additionally, if the funds are tax-deferred, you must also pay income taxes on the distributed amount.
Pros and cons of a self-directed IRA
Advantages of self-directed IRA:
Diversification – You can invest in real estate, private equity, precious metals, and other alternative assets.
Tax benefits – SDIRAs have the same tax advantages as regular IRAs. You can enjoy tax benefits based on the type of IRA (traditional or Roth) you choose.
Potential for higher returns – With a self-directed IRA, you can go after investments that might earn you more money than the usual choices. This could mean your retirement savings grow faster in the long run.
Disadvantages of self-directed IRA:
Can be more complex – Managing an SDIRA can be a more complicated process due to having more responsibility in choosing suitable investments and having to do more research. There is also less transparency surrounding alternative assets than those traded on the public market.
Higher risk – There may be higher risks, such as illiquidity, lack of regulatory oversight, and market volatility. There are also more scams in the SDIRA world because the investments differ and don’t have as much oversight.
Fees and expenses – SDIRAs often have higher fees, such as custodial, transaction, and recordkeeping fees.
How to Open a Self-Directed IRA
Setting up a self-directed IRA requires a bit more work than opening one through a bank or brokerage.
Here are some steps:
Find an SDIRA provider. Often referred to as an administrator or custodian, this entity is a financial institution that handles alternative investments and fulfills IRS-mandated recordkeeping requirements associated with your self-directed IRA.
Ensure they can hold the asset you want to invest in. For example, not all SDIRA custodians allow single-member LLCs or cryptocurrencies.
Choose between a traditional or Roth SDIRA
Create your account and pay your account establishment fee
Fund your SDIRA via a transfer, rollover, or contribution
Note: Having an experienced financial advisor can be super helpful in handling your SDIRA, as they can give you expert advice on what you should do.
The Entrust Group Review
Want to open a self-directed IRA? A popular administrator option is The Entrust Group, which has been in the business for over 40 years, with over 45,000 investors and $4 billion in assets under custody.
Opening an account with The Entrust Group makes the process easy, and you can choose your funding type, including rolling over an old 401(k), transferring an existing IRA, or making a new contribution.
Keep in mind that there are increased fees associated with an SDIRA. But, The Entrust Group is open about their fee structure, which you can find on their website here. Some of their fees include:
Account establishment fee – This one-time fee covers the cost of opening an account.
Annual recordkeeping fee – This is the fee that covers IRS reporting, recordkeeping, and admin.
Purchase and sale of asset fees – This one-time fee covers the paperwork required to execute the purchase or sale of an asset.
Transaction fees – These fees are charged for transactions.
The Entrust Group has a quick calculator that you can play around with to see what your fees are. I spent some time with it to better understand the different fees; for example, if I have one asset valued at $45,000, my one-time setup fee would be around $50, and my recordkeeping fee would be $199. If I have two assets with a total value of $100,000, then my set up fee is $50, plus the recordkeeping fees of $374. However, any undirected cash in your account isn’t subject to recordkeeping fees; so you won’t be subject to these when you’re between investments.
In summary, The Entrust Group is a reputable and experienced provider of self-directed IRA services, giving you the power to invest in many different alternative assets. If you want to diversify your investment portfolio simply, The Entrust Group may be a choice for your self-directed IRA.
Download their free Self-Directed IRAs: The Basics Guide to learn how you can take control of your financial future with an SDIRA with The Entrust Group.
Frequently Asked Questions About Self-Directed IRAs
Below are answers to common questions about self-directed IRAs.
What are the risks of a self-directed IRA?
Some risks of self-directed IRAs include the potential for fraud, and higher fees, and it may be a little more challenging to manage your alternative investments because there are more rules. And you are entirely in control of your account – so it requires more of a time investment. Also, self-directed IRAs require a custodian, and fees for these services can be higher than with a regular IRA.
Do you pay taxes on a self-directed IRA?
Yes, you do pay taxes on a self-directed IRA, but as with a regular IRA, the matter of “when” depends on what type of account you have. With a self-directed traditional IRA, your contributions may be tax-deferred, and you will pay taxes on withdrawals during retirement. Comparatively, a self-directed Roth IRA holder contributes after-tax dollars and can make tax-free qualified withdrawals.
Is a self-directed IRA better than a 401k?
It depends on your financial goals and investment preferences. A self-directed IRA can give you more control over your investments, while a 401(k) has limited investment options but may include employer-matching contributions.
How do self-directed IRA fees work?
Self-directed IRAs typically have higher fees than traditional IRAs due to the increased administrative costs associated with alternative assets. Some of the fees you may come across with SDIRAs include set-up fees, annual maintenance fees, and transaction fees.
Can I invest in real estate with a Self-Directed Roth IRA?
Yes, you can invest in real estate with a Self-Directed Roth IRA. You can also learn more about this at Self Directed IRA for Real Estate: Benefits, Risks, & Next Steps.
Are Self-Directed IRAs a Good Idea? – Summary
I hope you enjoyed this self-directed IRA guide.
While it is great that you have more options in what you can invest in, SDIRAs do require a little more work on your end.
But, if you’re looking to invest in different kinds of assets than just stocks and bonds, then SDIRAs are worth considering.
Are you interested in opening a self-directed IRA? Visit The Entrust Group to schedule a consultation with one of their experienced IRA experts.
Within those 77 Chicago neighborhoods are also unique communities and sometimes neighborhood personalities differ by block. Moving to a brand new city or even moving within the city can be a confusing and tedious exercise.
Before you start the apartment-hunting process, it’s smart to consider your budget and what’s important to you — access to public transportation, nature, Lake Michigan, nightlife, etc.
Luckily, there are tons of amazing neighborhoods in Chicago, no matter your cash flow. We’ve rounded up a list of the median rental rates for a one-bedroom Chicago apartment in the most expensive and least expensive Chicago neighborhoods.
The most expensive Chicago neighborhoods
Part of the reason these neighborhoods are among the most expensive to rent in Chicago is due to their proximity to major attractions, the presence of new apartment buildings offering luxury amenities and their locations within walking distance to the Loop and Lake Michigan.
5. Old Town: $2,804
Source: Adam Alexander Photography Photo Courtesy of Choose Chicago
It’s entirely possible to walk cobblestone streets in Chicago’s Old Town neighborhood, which also includes Michael’s Church, the oldest Victorian building in the neighborhood, and one of the only buildings that survived the Great Chicago Fire. Since it’s one of the few areas that wasn’t destroyed by the fire, several streets are intact and not part of the Chicago street grid built after the fire.
Today, the neighborhood is an active and vibrant community filled with boutiques and restaurants along Wells Street. Improv comedy troupe The Second City sits prominently at the corner of North and Wells. The area’s charm of historic homes, and walking distance to restaurants, nightlife, Lincoln Park Zoo and Lake Michigan, among other reasons, help drive up the rental rates where one can expect to pay about $2,804 per month for a one-bedroom apartment.
If those rent prices aren’t within your budget, don’t sweat it — there are plenty of other mid-price bustling neighborhoods to check out, like Lincoln Park, Lakeview and Logan Square.
4. Fulton Market: $2,842
Fulton Market Street was the meatpacking district of the city in the 1870s, when grocery shops and restauranteurs would source not only their meat but other commodities, including poultry, fish, eggs and butter. More wholesalers, including those who sold flowers, were nearby, along Randolph Street.
Today, Fulton Market’s past is barely visible since those meatpackers and food distributors have since sold their properties to make way for some of the most expensive new developments to be built in the city’s West Loop neighborhood.
While they often come with luxury amenities, a one-bedroom apartment in Fulton Market comes with a $2,842 per month price tag.
3. Streeterville: $2,939
City of Chicago Photo Courtesy of Choose Chicago
Streeterville is one of Chicago’s smallest neighborhoods, but it packs some serious punch in terms of real estate. Nestled right along Navy Pier, it has easy access to the Loop, River North and Gold Coast all at once, plus some incredible views of Lake Michigan.
The Magnificent Mile shopping district is located in Streeterville, and the area is also home to both Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, so there’s a fair amount of hospital staff, both permanent and visiting, who live in this area.
High-end skyscrapers are the apartment buildings of choice in this neighborhood, and there are plenty of public transportation options within short walking distance. Expect to spend around $2,939 for a one-bedroom apartment in this tony neighborhood.
2. River North: $2,962
You know you’re in River North when you see the magnificent, mammoth Merchandise Mart and get a waft of chocolate from the nearby Blommer Chocolate Company. This is another neighborhood filled with gorgeous skyscrapers and five-star restaurants, and it has a particular edge on the posh nightclub scene. Many professionals who work in the Loop live in River North since it’s within walking distance, and its art gallery-laden streets are great for meandering on the weekends.
Many of the luxury apartment buildings in this area feature dedicated dog runs and dog parks within them since there aren’t many parks in this part of the city. A one-bedroom apartment is just shy of $3,000 per month.
1. Greektown: $3,069
Greektown in the West Loop is just a few blocks on Halsted, between the 290 Expressway (also known as the Eisenhower or the Ike) and Madison Street. It’s named Greektown because of the high concentration of Greeks who moved into the area and established restaurants and other businesses. Gyros and saganaki (the flaming cheese that’s often ordered as an appetizer at many Greek restaurants) were introduced to the United States by Chicago’s Greektown restaurants.
While there are a handful of Greek restaurants that still line the street, many of those have been replaced with luxury high-rises to accommodate the ever-growing West Loop demand for housing. Today, this small strip is among the most expensive when it comes to one-bedroom apartments — you can score a place for around $3,069 per month.
The cheapest Chicago neighborhoods
You’d think apartment rental rates would rise as you got closer to Lake Michigan, but that’s not always the case. There are plenty of deals to be found if you’re craving access to the lake or the lakefront trails. Not all of the cheapest Chicago neighborhoods are along Lake Michigan, but it’s worth checking out these, which are among the top five cheapest areas to rent in Chicago.
5. Buena Park: $1,350
Source: Park Shores
When you say Buena Park, people wonder if it’s part of Uptown or Lakeview and for good reason. This tiny enclave between Montrose Avenue and Irving Park Avenue butts up against Graceland Cemetery to the west and Lake Michigan to the east. Historic single-family homes (including some George Maher mansions along Hutchinson Street) dot the area and share the quiet neighborhood with high rises and apartment complexes.
The neighborhood has a very active neighborhood membership-based group with a website that provides updates on various neighborhood events and happenings. Buena Park often plays host to summertime concerts and movies, and the group usually organizes an annual outing to a Chicago Cubs home game since it’s within walking distance. If living in a quiet neighborhood on the city’s north side appeals to you, it’s possible to snag a one-bedroom apartment in Buena Park for around $1,350 a month.
4. South Shore: $1,146
Source: Chicago Park District Photo Courtesy of Chicago Park District
Former First Lady Michelle Obama grew up in South Shore and while that may be how most people from out of town learn of this South Side neighborhood, most locals know it for its close proximity to Lake Michigan, Rainbow Beach and Stony Island Arts Bank — an art gallery, media archive, gorgeous library and community center.
And while the namesake owner of Harold’s Chicken Shack may have left this earth, his name lives on with what many consider the best fried chicken. If that weren’t enough, the neighborhood is also home to the South Shore Cultural Center which includes a 65-acre park complete with a nine-hole golf course and tennis courts, a culinary center, a nature center and a number of cultural programming and classes.
It’s also located just south of Hyde Park and Woodlawn, where rents tend to be higher because of their proximity to the University of Chicago campus. South Shore allows residents to enjoy all the South Side has to offer at $1,146 per month for a one-bedroom.
3. West Ridge: $1,102
Source: 6200 Hoyne
West Ridge includes Devon Street and along this strip of West Devon is Little India, a colorful and vibrant community filled with Indian and Pakistani shops, bakeries, restaurants and other businesses. Come any time of the day and you’ll likely find a hub of activity and people double-parked.
To really enjoy all this area has to offer, don’t miss some of the liveliest nights during India and Pakistan’s respective independence day celebrations (in mid-August for each), as well as various multi-cultural festivals and the night before Ramadan ends.
Due to Little India’s density, there are more apartment buildings and condos near West Devon but there are many single-family homes throughout the West Ridge neighborhood. A one-bedroom apartment in this part of the city is around $1,102 per month.
2. Austin: $967
Source: 200 Central
Austin is such a large neighborhood in terms of geography that even locals differentiate their location by saying North Austin and South Austin. The West Side city also includes Columbus Park, a 140-acre park and what some consider landscape architect Jens Jensen’s finest work. Jensen’s work can also be enjoyed in nearby parks, including Garfield Park and Humboldt Park.
Residents also have easy access to the suburb Oak Park. Madison Street and Lake Street tend to have a high concentration of shopping and the area has several Chicago public transit (CTA) train stops, as well as Metra stops. The 290 Expressway, known as the Eisenhower, or the Ike to locals, runs through Austin, as well.
A one-bedroom apartment in Austin runs around $967 per month.
1. South Chicago: $700
South Chicago is located just south of South Shore and includes Steelworkers Park, a 16.5-acre park with a rock-climbing wall. Transforming this park into a beautiful nature area, complete with trees and walking paths so close to Lake Michigan is particularly impressive since it was formerly part of the U.S. Steel Complex known as South Works.
The area still boasts some of the least expensive apartments available in the city. A one-bedroom apartment runs around $700 per month in this area.
What is the average rent in Chicago?
According to our analysis, the average rent in Chicago is $2,395 for a one-bedroom apartment.
Finding your perfect Chicago neighborhood
For Chicagoans, rents vary by dramatically by neighborhood, even by block within a neighborhood and there are many reasons for these rent fluctuations. It pays to look around and talk to locals to help you find the perfect Chicago neighborhood and one that matches your personality, wants and needs. Regardless of where you land, in the Windy City, we’re all happy to live here.
Rent prices are based on a rolling weighted average from Apartment Guide and Rent.’s multifamily rental property inventory of one-bedroom apartments. Data was pulled in August 2020 and goes back for one year. We use a weighted average formula that more accurately represents price availability for each individual unit type and reduces the influence of seasonality on rent prices in specific markets.
The rent information included in this article is used for illustrative purposes only. The data contained herein do not constitute financial advice or a pricing guarantee for any apartment.
Inside: Do you want to make money online fast? If so, we’ll discuss the best digital products to sell on Etsy. By following these steps, you’ll be on your way to making money selling digital items quite easily.
Do you want to learn how to sell digital products on Etsy and make money through it?
Selling digital products offers an exciting avenue for generating passive income. With their low production and distribution costs, high profit margin, and potential for scalability, they stand as a lucrative business model for many entrepreneurs.
Moreover, once a digital product is created, it can continuously bring in revenue without the need for additional production costs, making it an appealing source of passive income.
The key to being a successful Etsy seller is to understand your chosen niche and what your audience wants.
We will dive into digital products you could sell on Etsy which range from arts & crafts to business materials.
This post may contain affiliate links, which helps us to continue providing relevant content and we receive a small commission at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read the full disclosure here.
What are Digital Products?
Digital products are items that are accessed and delivered electronically, examples of which include software, ebooks, online courses, digital music, video, and audio files.
These intuitive products offer the versatile benefit of being easily reproduced and instantly accessible on various devices, without the requirement of physical storage or shipping. Plus the world is moving towards becoming digital anyway.
In creating digital products, businesses aim to capitalize on customer appeal and convenient delivery, which often complement their physical goods or services.
Why Sell Digital Products on Etsy?
Selling digital products on Etsy offers an incredible opportunity to showcase and monetize your unique creations. With Etsy’s vast online marketplace and its millions of potential customers, it has become a preferred platform for artists, designers, and content creators.
Furthermore, it provides the flexibility to set your prices in accordance with the value you offer and experiment with different pricing strategies.
This is a hassle-free way to monetize your creativity. Here’s why:
You craft it once, it sells eternally: Digital products offer the ultimate advantage of a “create once, sell forever” model. Imagine sipping a cup of tea while your creation secures sales one after another.
Resource-friendly: Bid adieu to the restrictions of shipping, storage, or material costs. Instead, welcome the comfort of financial freedom and resource efficiency.
Everlasting stock: Digital products on Etsy never run out! Say goodbye to inventory issues and overselling, which makes it a smart choice for long-term business.
So, start now by creating an account, picking your digital product, setting up shop, and starting selling on Etsy. With no heavy fees and no botheration of shipping.
Just pure creative power leads to sheer earning happiness.
What digital products sell the most on Etsy?
Well, our data shows that digital prints, planners, stickers, fonts, and children’s educational materials are some of the best-selling categories netting serious cash on this creative marketplace. This information came from Cody and Julie – the founders of the e-Printables course.
Typically, seasonal content always does well on any platform. Same with current trends like the “Barbie” craze.
These products are a creative enthusiast’s goldmine owing to their limitless customization capabilities, instant delivery, and cost-effectiveness.
Wherein, most busy professionals, students, parents, and small business owners find them irresistible due to their convenience and adaptability to suit specific needs and tastes.
To learn more about selling on Etsy, I highly recommend connecting with Cody and Julie in their free webinar.
What digital download sells best on Etsy?
Among the myriad of digital products available,digital prints notably rank as one of the best-selling downloads on Etsy, closely followed by other popular items such as:
digital planners
logo designs
travel guides
business card designs
Lightroom presets
printable invitations.
A beautiful synergy of convenience, utility, and aesthetics, that can be printed at home or in a local print shop, whenever you wish. Perfect for last-minute gifters, DIY décor enthusiasts, or anyone looking for hassle-free beautification!
So, staying in the game, consistently monitoring market trends, and adapting accordingly is the key to successfully selling your digital prints on Etsy.
Best Digital Products to Sell on Etsy
The best digital products to sell on Etsy depend upon various factors, such as your skills, customer interests, and specific market trends.
It is also important to keep an eye on high-sales products, check positive reviews, track favorites, and note recurring themes to understand what customers are looking for and to guide your digital product offerings. This is a quick way to make 300 dollars fast.
Here are the examples of some of the best digital products you might want to sell on Etsy:
1. Printable or Digital Planners
You’ve hit the jackpot if you’re contemplating selling printable or digital planners on Etsy. Some people might say digital or printable planners are seasonal but due to the high demand and flexibility, it could be the golden goose for your marketing on Etsy.
Buyers love and enjoy the tailored usability offered by printable planners, which they can customize to their requirements and physically pen in their plans.
You can supply this demand by offering a large variety and aesthetically pleasing designs.
Tip: Try bundling in different types of stickers for a snappier offer.
2. Craft Patterns
Craft patterns are a top-ranking digital product on Etsy, thanks to a revival of all things crafty!
From knitting and crocheting to sewing and embroidery, these digital masterpieces cater to the abundant trend-setters and hobbyists who frequent Etsy.
To truly get your digital craft patterns thriving on Etsy, remember to follow the trail blazed by successful pattern sellers like these Etsy sellers. These crafts start from an average selling price of $10, making them a lucrative venture for creatives.
Lastly, don’t forget to unleash SEO magic – get your product seen by the right people especially when creating a sewing pattern or crochet pattern. This can be your missing element for transforming hard work into hard sales!
3. Children learning materials
Looking for a profitable side gig? Selling children’s learning materials on Etsy is wildly popular and well-needed especially for those homeschooling.
Parents and teachers are snapping up digital educational resources. By marketing printable lesson plans, colorful flashcards, and engaging worksheets, parent is hyped to supplement their children’s education.
This is a great summer job for teachers because your educational resources might just be the next best-seller on Etsy.
Crack open those lesson plans, as your Etsy store awaits.
4. Wallpapers
On Etsy, phone wallpapers are the new moneymaker. Provide colorful ways for customers to personalize their devices, these digital beauties are a hot ticket item.
To catch the widest net, cater to both phone and desktop users. You must keep up with trends. Also, creating wallpapers for Apple watches and other high-tech gadgets or themed designs for holidays is always a hit.
It’s a simple concept: stylish wallpapers have an average selling price of around $3-4.
5. Calendars
Venture to sell digital business calendars guarantees a steady demand, as planning isn’t just a phase – it’s woven into the fabric of daily life. To get started, unlock your artistic prowess with any digital art program like Adobe Photoshop or Canva.
Begin creating your unique touch on calendars, ensuring they’re editable pre-print- a clear selling point. Remember, quality trumps all – prioritize visually appealing designs with user-friendly formats.
Time to turn dates into dollars. Listing calendars in your Etsy shop certainly won’t go out of style or demand. Also, aim for the $5 – $10 price range to hit the sweet spot of affordability and profitability.
6. Invitations
Invitations are among the top-selling digital items on Etsy.
Customizable templates for various occasions like weddings, parties, baby showers, and more are particularly popular. It’s perfect for creative individuals skilled in design who are looking to turn a profit on their talents.
These digital products can provide a meaningful revenue stream. Some creators can charge up to $20 per customized item.
The bottom line is that selling digital invitation templates on Etsy doesn’t just allow for creativity, but it’s also a lucrative business opportunity.
7. Business cards
Catering to the surge of remote entrepreneurs and the timeless need for personal cards, this trend is something to tap into.
You can offer editable, customized, or even smart cards – with features like one-click phone calls or emails – which can give your shop an edge.
Through Canva or Wepik, you can design exotic templates, offering customers the control to personalize before printing. Turn on your creative juices, let your brand shine, and step up your entrepreneurial ladder with a business card template.
8. Wedding Invitations and Printables
To be honest, I actually created my best friend’s wedding invitations. Maybe, I should have stuck with the side gig to make 500 dollars fast?!?
Wedding printables are now the ‘go-to’ digital products. This isn’t just about a cute ‘Save the Date’; offers a hassle-free, all-in-one wedding stationery solution, ready to match every wedding theme under the twinkling lights.
Help the DIY couples by providing a bundle: wedding program, customized hashtag sign, table place cards, save-the-date cards, and even personalized portrait options with a delightful sign thrown in.
You can provide a seamless experience and watch the sales ring along with the wedding bells.
9. Journal Inserts
Are you a fan of journaling or love designing layouts? Well, it’s time you converted your passion into profit. Making journal inserts is one of the smartest digital products you can sell on Etsy.
Audiences vary from educators needing organized lesson and homework schedules or those seeking self-help and discovery questions.
For optimal selling, focus on providing a variety of designs and including white spaces for personal touches.
With an average selling price of $5, they appeal to smart shoppers who prefer to print inserts on cardstock paper.
10. Digital artwork
Digital artwork stands out in popularity due to the unique customization and selection variety it offers.
Customers are drawn to the ability to choose from diverse art forms, including watercolor illustrations, inspirational quotes, and Baltic or Bohemian prints, that perfectly align with their personal aesthetic or represent an emotion they resonate with.
Moreover, the availability of immediate prints post-purchase greatly increases the convenience and appeal of this artwork form.
11. Recipe cards
Do you love cooking and want to create delightful digital recipe cards for your customers? But, don’t stop there, look at creating a meal planner to bundle with!
A printable, editable canvas for food aficionados brimming with delicious details of recipe cards is a great product. These digital delights are perfect for amateur chefs, bakers, and recipe bloggers.
The takeaway is clear. Selling recipe cards on Etsy is as facile as slicing butter, once you’ve got the right ingredients and the perfect recipe. It’s time to turn the heat up on your Etsy store and dish out some delightful recipe cards.
12. Social media templates
Creating social media templates can provide significant value for businesses and influencers seeking to establish a professional and cohesive online presence.
These templates, which can include pre-designed Facebook banners, Instagram stories, Twitter headers, and more, can be customized to fit a variety of themes such as minimalism, boho, or pastel colors.
When well-crafted, such templates can save businesses valuable time and effort while also helping maintain consistent brand imaging across different platforms. This is similar to a business hiring a virtual assistant with no experience.
e-Printables Free ebook
Curious about selling printables on Etsy but don’t know where to start?
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13. Printable Cake and Party Decorations
Selling printable party decorations as digital products on Etsy is like icing on the proverbial cake for smart entrepreneurs.
You can focus printable party decorations from charming cartoon-themed toppers for kids’ birthday cakes to exquisite, romantic pieces for weddings and anniversaries.
Whether you’re creatively inclined or have an entrepreneurial spirit spotting potential, these printables offer a loophole to financial growth. Bundle your decorations based on themes for enticing offers.
14. Zoom background
Thanks to the surge in remote working and virtual meetings selling incredible Zoom backgrounds on Etsy has emerged as a lucrative product in the digital landscape.
These tailored digital backdrops not only enhance the visual appeal of online interfaces but also cater to users’ needs to maintain privacy or conceal unorganized spaces.
However, you need to understand that creating Zoom backgrounds may not be beginner-friendly due to the required customization. However, do not let this intimidate you.
15. Productivity Trackers
People are constantly in search of practical, user-friendly tools to streamline their lives and make every hour count.
So, these productivity trackers are supremely versatile, covering daily routines, budgeting, goal setting, project management, and even grocery lists. Make your Etsy shop the one-stop shop for everyone’s needs.
As it becomes an increasingly popular choice to shift focus towards maximizing effectiveness in people’s daily lives. Whether it’s maintaining a workout routine, tracking investments, or staying on top of a student’s study schedule, these trackers cater to a wide assortment of needs.
16. Lightroom Presets
Lightroom Presets are essentially preset configurations that enhance a photo’s aesthetics, and folks from influencers to amateur photographers are keen to have them.
For starters, it caters well to the Instagram-obsessed demographic continually seeking to elevate their photo game. This venture is best suited for those who have a knack for photo editing and an understanding of aesthetics.
With an average selling price of $10, the numbers tip favorably in your Lightroom presets.
17. Etsy shop banners
Help out your new Etsy sellers by designing an impressive storefront with their shop banner.
Indulge your Etsy shop banners in various design themes suitable for a wide range of stores. Also, include a shop kit that makes store icons, a large and small banner, custom and reserved listing templates, and a profile picture graphic.
Promote your banner designing prowess to other sellers, so that you increase your brand awareness along Etsy.
When you have an awesome shop yourself, you are more likely to get sales!
18. Logos & branding kits
Move over, clip art! Logos and branding kits are in high demand as they fulfill the crucial need of every business that is striving for a unique identity.
Bundle your logos and branding kits or offer them individually to maximize your reach. Also, combining them with other digital products like media kit templates elevates your shop’s appeal.
This caters to diverse clients from Etsy sellers to businesses, influencers, and bloggers. Selling in this segment, you’ll never run short of market demand. Get ready to impress with your graphic skills, and ride the wave of this profitable venture on Etsy.
19. Thank you cards
This is a timeless product that is regularly used by businesses and individuals to express their gratitude.
Offering these thank you cards in digital, customizable formats can attract more buyers due to ease of customization and competitive pricing relative to store-bought alternatives.
You can also sell the same design on physical cards if you want for another revenue stream.
20. Fonts
In the world of businesses, creators, and crafters galore are on a relentless hunt for the perfect font that suits their needs. Where versatility is a font’s middle name – they can jazz up a brand’s website or add pizzazz to a party invitation.
Cricut fonts, in particular, are best-sellers. It is specially crafted for Cricut machines – a hit in the Etsy community of designers and makers.
Remember, the devil is in the (font) detail. Jump into the journey of digital font selling on Etsy and watch your typography turn into a treasure in no time.
21. Resume templates
Resume templates are handy, well-designed digital products are reportedly perfect for professionals keen on making their job applications stand out. It is mostly designed to suit particular sectors such as real estate or marketing.
After all, a well-structured resume could be the golden ticket to someone’s dream job – like one of these low stress jobs that pay well without a degree.
However, in my personal experience, the most successful templates are clean, professional, and neutral in color.
22. Invoice templates
You might think that cashing in invoice templates may seem odd, but these digital products offer ample sales potential on Etsy!
Their charm lies in their simplicity and frequently used nature by a wide range of businesses. Small business owners, short on time and design skills, frequently scout Etsy for professionally designed, eye-catching invoices – duly making it your prime market.
Transform invoice templates into a goldmine, with less likelihood of running into steep competition. With an average selling price of $10, you can surely earn money online quickly.
23. Website templates & themes
Are your web design skills a cut above the rest?
Leveraging your skills to create and sell website templates and themes on Etsy, and turn your talent into a tidy profit. This digital product must be customization-friendly with a range of applications, and cater to a broad audience—from small businesses to in-demand bloggers, giving them a sleek, professional online presence minus the design headache.
Begin by focusing on creating templates on popular website-building platforms like WordPress with a Kadence WP Theme. Make sure they serve a specific market, like photography websites or eCommerce stores, and ensure your products have unique, eye-catching designs that set them apart from the sea of competitors.
Remember, if your themes and templates are more unique and tailored. You can command, sometimes get a range of your product to $50.
24. Stickers
Stickers, both physical and digital stickers, are hot commodities on Etsy, cozily nestled among the platform’s top-selling items.
It also appeals to a large market spectrum, from social media users who love accentuating their chats with digital stickers, to fans of physical stickers decorating their belongings.
Remember, one major selling point is the editability of digital stickers, enabling customers to customize after purchase. Dial your creativity, pick a distinct theme, and roll out your sticker sets on Etsy – there’s a world waiting to stick onto your designs!
25. Bookmarks
Feeling bookish? Get your create-on and cash in on the thriving trend of selling digital bookmarks on Etsy.
Digital bookmarks, at a modest cost of $2 – $3 a pop, are gaining popularity as one of the easiest and fastest-selling digital products, thanks to their charm, practicality, and customized appeal.
Create an aesthetic touch on your reading escapades by hitting the serious tribe of bookworms. To amp up your sales and earn money quickly, don’t forget to add “personalization” options to your bookmarks.
26. Editable flyers
As demands surge, these feature-rich editable flyers become ideal for crafty entrepreneurs aiming to make a profit.
Most of your clients will be large markets comprising event organizers, business owners, and individuals who find convenience in ready-made editable materials.
Success in selling editable flyers on Etsy lies in understanding your target clientele’s needs, creating versatile and appealing designs, and offering top-notch quality. Kickstart your venture by preparing a wide range of attractive editable flyers.
27. Menu templates
Fresh out of the oven, menu templates are popular with restaurant owners to party planners who crave these editable, print-ready goodies.
These menu templates are flexible and can be tailored for cafes, restaurants, weddings, and even small business events. Therefore, begin by creating captivating designs–uniqueness sells and is editable for everyone who wants to customize it.
So preheat your digital oven – it’s time to serve up some mouth-watering menu templates on Etsy.
28. Gift tags
Digital gift tags on Etsy could light up your entrepreneurial path. With an average selling price of $5, these little printables have a big demand, particularly for special occasions like weddings and birthdays.
Ideal for individuals and businesses, this product can fit a myriad of needs from Christmas presents to children’s party favors. If you want to maximize your profits, focus on offering a wide range of designs that target different occasions and tastes.
Don’t forget to consider making a customization service that gives your customers a chance to tweak and add their personal touches.
29. Ebook Templates
Ebook templates have emerged as one of the most popular digital products on Etsy.
Beyond individual ebooks, sellers also offer a variety of creatively designed ebook templates, ebook covers, and materials for children’s books. With a target audience interested in arts and crafts, informative ebooks offer exceptional sales potential, especially those that provide professional knowledge in specific niches like graphic design or online money-making tips.
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30. Fitness Trackers
Fitness trackers‘ popularity is booming as they cater to a wide array of tracking necessities beyond just gym visits or step counting.
This product helps monitor weight loss programs, home workout plans, and 30-day challenges, effectively, becoming a one-stop-shop for holistic wellness.
They are ideal for those aiming to enhance their fitness, sleep quality, and overall productivity. With an average selling price of $5, they offer an affordable solution to digital tracking needs.
31. Debt Payoff Trackers
Debt payoff trackers are fundamental tools for efficient financial management and debt reduction. They provide a concrete visual of one’s financial obligations and illustrate the progress made toward extinguishing each debt.
This encourages a consistent habit of payment and propels individuals towards financial freedom. However, cost should not be a barrier to good financial habits, which is why our website offers a wide range of high-quality debt payoff trackers completely free of charge.
While these are still popular on Etsy, you have to realize many people want free or extremely cheap.
32. SVG Files for Cutting Machines
Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) files for cutting machines like Circut or Silhouette, are a crafter’s dream, making them a top-tier product to sell.
You can elevate your service by including a PDF tutorial or short video guide demonstrating the use of your product.
Ensure the functionality of your products by carrying out tests prior to listing.
33. Personalized Recipe Books
Being a foodie’s ultimate treasure, these recipe collections are perfect to tickle the taste buds of amateur cooks or pro food bloggers. Plus you can create recipe book templates to be used in Goodnotes or Notability.
Cultivate your online presence to spice up the sales of your digital recipe books.
From personal experience, I bought a digital recipe book because I didn’t want to create one myself.
34. Budget Planners
Budget planners are soaring in popularity, with these nifty tools averaging quite a tidy sum of $5-20 each. Its powerful design is both lucrative for sellers and beneficial for buyers.
In an increasingly digital world, these planners provide a seamless way to stay and stick on top of your finances. From the ordinary individual aspiring to save a penny or two to the business owner meticulously monitoring their profits and expenses. Some budget planner pros, like FRGLMAMA, have made over 60,000 sales!
Here’s a pro tip: Increase your profits by bundling your budget binder with envelopes and to-do lists. Users love the convenience and it saves them a search.
35. Wall Art
Calling all artists and designers with flair! Wall Art reigns supreme on Etsy – proving it’s not just a ‘dabbling’ industry, but a potential goldmine.
Remember, the ‘Home Sweet Home’ and ‘Be Kind’ style arts still hold their charm! Maximizing profits can entail providing add-on services such as printing and shipping.
Wall art downloads make great posters, especially for those who prefer to change up their decor often.
36. Gratitude Journal
Gratitude journals, with their guided prompts and questions, make hot picks for those striving for self-improvement or simply savoring the good in life. This little gem, flourishing in popularity, provides a thoughtful juncture for folks to reflect on the positive aspects of their lives.
This digital product is tailored for therapists, life coaches, stressed corporate followers, or anyone looking to light up their lives with gratitude.
Make sure to use keywords related to gratitude and journaling in your product description to maximize visibility.
37. Self Improvement Printables
People love these printables for their blend of practicality and inspiration by giving actionable tips, uplifting affirmations, useful trackers, and more.
These self-improvement printables are timely digital products that strike a chord with a growing audience keen on personal growth, self-care, and organization.
This product is perfect for those seeking self-help workbooks, motivational quotes, fitness planners, and even kid-friendly educational materials.
Is selling digital products on Etsy still profitable?
According to legions of online entrepreneurs, the answer is a resounding YES!
As the market for digital products keeps on growing, so does the profit potential for digital sellers on Etsy.
The startup costs are delightfully low – most of what you’re paying is merely for your product’s licensing and Etsy fees. After that, it’s all pure profit!
This method could be your ticket to financial freedom. So if you’re a creative at heart with a knack for producing digital gems, it’s high time you join the Etsy bandwagon to sell your valuable creations.
Etsy passive income isn’t just a haven for handcrafted goods – it’s also a hub for downloadable products from design templates to educational materials.
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Curious about selling printables on Etsy but don’t know where to start?
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Now, What Digital Downloads to Sell on Etsy?
By now, you’ve embarked on an enlightening journey around the process of selecting digital products to sell. You have digested tips, explored examples, and refined your knowledge regarding your market, skills, and customer desires to ensure profitability.
So, let’s cut to the chase, find your product that fits the mold, craft an appealing product description, price it competitively yet profitable, and start making waves with your expertise in the digital market.
By coupling this post with the free training offered, you could be the next seller with digital products that are the next hotcake on Etsy! Will you be the next Etsy seller to learn how to make 10k a month?
Take your first step towards this entrepreneurial journey, and soon enough you could be reaping the sweet profits of your digital endeavor.
Now, start your listings and remember to believe what you have to offer is worth buying.
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Now, learn from the experts, so you are successful from the start. Learn everything else that goes into actually making money with this side hustle.
Spend time making products that have the best chance of selling.
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