The federally insured reverse mortgage known as a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) is unique, as are the rates that impact the HECM product. For this reason, I will provide a short monthly educational focus, followed by a summary of the HECM rate market.
Keep in mind that almost all HECMs are adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), and so each rate update will concentrate on ARMs.
With a HECM loan, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) determines how much principal a lender can provide a borrower. This “principal limit” calculation is based on factors like home value, age, and of course, interest rates.
Why are there two HECM interest rates used with HECM loans?
EXPECTED RATES
When calculating principal limits, HUD requires lenders to use long-term forecasted rates (tied to the 10-year Constant Maturity Treasury [CMT] rate). These are called “expected rates.”
Purpose:Primarily used to calculate initial HECM principal limits
Calculation:Margin + weekly average10-year CMT
Timing:Previous week’s average generally becomes effective Tuesday
When expected rates are higher at origination, borrowers qualify for less principal at closing. Conversely, when expected rates are lower at origination, borrowers are offered more principal.
NOTE RATES
For calculating accrued interest and the growth of the principal limit after closing, HUD requires lenders to use short-term rates (generally tied to the 1-year CMT). These rates are called “note rates” or interest rates.
Purpose:Primarily used to calculate interest accruals and principal limit growth
Calculation:Margin + weekly average1-year CMT
Timing:Lender must use the average in effect 25 days prior to a rate change
When note rates rise after closing, borrowers have faster interest accrual and faster principal limit growth. Conversely, when note rates fall, borrowers have slower interest accrual and slower principal limit growth.
Ultimately, HUD requires us to use two rates because it is risky for the Federal Housing Administration (FHA, the insurer) to use short-term rates to calculate long-term borrowing capacity.
Imagine an extreme example where the 1-year CMT is 1% and the 10-year CMT is 6%. FHA would be nervous about providing high principal limits to borrowers with the assumption that current short-term rates will always remain at 1%.
March 2024 update
Early in February, we saw a lower weekly average 10-year CMT (4.01%). The rate in effect for March 5 is 25 basis points higher (4.26%). This has caused HECM principal limits to drop for new applications. The 1-year CMT also followed this upward trend as shown here:
As an example, a 2.50% lender margin combined with a 4.26% 10-year CMT index would produce a HECM expected rate of 6.76%. Using this expected rate, a 73-year-old homeowner with a home that appraises for $500,000 would qualify for a principal limit of $196,000 as shown here:
For updated principal limit calculations like this, a loan originator can use a mobile app like RapidReverse or use any HECM loan origination system of their choice.
Note: 2.5% lender margins are used for education purposes only. Expected rates are rounded to the nearest 1/8% for calculating HECM principal limits. For calculating principal limits, 6.76% rounds to 6.75%.
This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of Reverse Mortgage Daily and its owners.
To contact the author of this story: Dan Hultquist at [email protected]
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Chris Clow at [email protected]
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn how to utilize a tax advantaged 529 plan to help your or a friend’s children save for future education expenses.
This Week in Your Money: What are the risks of purchasing a home without an inspection? How can you plan for major expenses when healthcare providers can’t tell you how much their services will cost? Hosts Sean Pyles and Sara Rathner share their hot takes on unexpected financial challenges, with tips and tricks on handling surprise expenses, understanding the importance of home inspections, and dealing with healthcare industry inefficiencies.
Today’s Money Question: What are the benefits of a 529 college savings plan? Can you contribute to a friend’s 529 plan to support their child’s future? NerdWallet writer Elizabeth Ayoola joins Sean and Sara to discuss the essentials of 529 college savings plans. They discuss the types of educational expenses covered, the tax benefits associated with 529 plans, and the flexibility of choosing different state plans. They also answer a listener’s question about how to approach the sensitive topic of financial gifts for education with parents, sharing methods for contributing to a loved one’s 529 plan without overstepping boundaries. Then, they discuss the implications of the Secure Act 2.0 on 529 plans, methods for estimating necessary savings for a child’s education, and tactful ways to discuss educational contributions with parents.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
NerdWallet stories related to this episode:
Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sara Rathner:
Hey Sean, has money ever made you mad?
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, it has, especially when I get a bill that I don’t expect to pay but have to anyway. So yeah, why?
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. Yeah, those surprise major expenses are a huge pain. I just had to replace my washing machine because the fun never stops in my house.
In this episode, we are going to let off a little steam about what makes us mad in the world of money.
Sean Pyles:
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money Podcast. Our job today is to help you be smarter with your money, one money question at a time. I’m Sean Pyles.
Sara Rathner:
And I’m Sara Rathner.
So listener, this show is all about you and your money questions. So, whatever financial decision you’re pondering, whatever’s making you mad about your money, let us know.
Sean Pyles:
Leave a voicemail or text the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. Or you can email your questions to podcast@nerdwallet com.
Sara Rathner:
In this episode, Sean and I answer a listener’s question about contributing to 529 accounts for your loved ones. But first, we’re going to yell into the void in our semi-regular Money Hot Takes segment.
Sean Pyles:
So here’s how this works. Sara and I just rail against whatever we feel like in the world of money. And let’s put, say, 100 seconds on the clock. That’s what? A second for every penny in a dollar. I don’t know, it’s just an arbitrary number really.
Sara Rathner:
That works for me. It’s a nice round number.
Sean Pyles:
All right, Sara, are you ready?
Sara Rathner:
Sean Pyles:
I’m starting my timer. Go.
Sara Rathner:
All right. I hate the trend where home buyers feel pressure to completely waive getting a home inspection before buying a property. That’s different from the type of waiver where you’ll still do the inspection, but then you’re assuming the cost of anything you find. It’s when you just do without the inspection entirely.
I live in a block of houses that are like 107 years old, and two houses on my block sold with waived inspections where the buyers had to put tens of thousands of dollars unexpectedly into problems in their house that they didn’t know about. I just had a neighbor text me asking for a roofer because the first time it rained since she moved in her house, it started raining on the inside of her house, which means that the seller just lived with that for however long before selling the house and passing the problem onto somebody else.
So especially if you’re a first-time home buyer, if you are going to drain your savings to buy your house, and then you’re not going to have much money left for repairs, be really careful about this. And as a society, can we just make inspections mandatory? That’s more consumer-friendly, honestly. People need to know what they’re getting into, and frankly, people should feel pressure to keep their houses well maintained before sale. There I said it.
Sean Pyles:
You’ve got 40 more seconds if you want to keep on railing.
Sara Rathner:
Oh man, I do? Well, if you haven’t bought a home yet, what’s nice about getting an inspector involved is they’ll look at all the major systems of the house, the appliances, the roof, all sorts of stuff, the electrical, the plumbing, and they will tell you the lifespan of some of those major things like a furnace or a boiler, your roof, your HVAC system. And even if something is going to go in the next year or two, at least you have this laundry list of things and when they’ll probably need to be replaced, and you can begin to budget for those replacements.
Sean Pyles:
Okay, that’s 100 seconds.
Sara Rathner:
Boom. All right, Sean, you got any reaction?
Sean Pyles:
Well, I totally feel that, because buying a house without knowing what’s wrong with it is very risky financially. Buying a house can be financially risky in and of itself, depending on how expensive the home is. But imagine getting into the house, it’s your first day, you’re super happy to be a homeowner, and then you realize, oh, it’s raining inside the house, or the crawl space is infested with termites. You don’t know what you’re getting into if you don’t have an inspection. And even if it may make you a more competitive buyer, it isn’t worth it, in my opinion, to get yourself into something like that because you just don’t understand the risks you could be taking on. And I’m all about mitigating risks as much as possible.
Sara Rathner:
All right, Sean, I have had my turn, and now it is your turn. I have set my timer for 100 seconds. And go.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. Today I am mad about industries that are designed to extract money from us while making our lives miserable or at least really frustrating. And I have one, maybe two, examples depending on how far 100 seconds takes me.
First step is healthcare. Americans spend far more on healthcare than other wealthy nations. Nearly 18% of our GDP in 2021 went to healthcare. And what are we getting for it? An incompetent extractive industry that exploits nearly everyone that engages with it. Among wealthy nations, the US has the highest rates of infant and maternal mortality and excess deaths, not to mention the daily indignities that come with trying to access healthcare.
I have a recent example that is a microcosm of these larger issues. I recently got a bill in the mail for some regular lab work, and the thing is, I have these labs done every few months, and they’re always covered by my insurance. But this time I got a surprise bill for nearly $200, and I’d already had an expensive month with some car repairs, and I was not excited about the prospect of an additional $200 to cover. So I called my doctor, and they said, “Oh yeah, the company that does the lab work just messed up. Oops, just disregard the bill.”
So if I hadn’t called my doctor, I would have been on the hook for this bill. This was a relatively small bill as far as medical bills go, and it was fairly easy for me to clear up. I’m obviously very fortunate in this case, but for so many people, especially those with chronic illnesses or complex medical conditions, the onslaught of navigating insurance, verifying that you’re being billed correctly and then somehow coming up with the money to cover bill after bill is just totally exhausting and can make achieving financial goals nearly impossible.
So why am I going on and on about things that we already know too much about?
Sara Rathner:
Just so you know, you’re over time.
Sean Pyles:
Oh, God. I’m going to keep going. I’m almost done.
Sara Rathner:
Keep going, Sean. Let’s do this.
Sean Pyles:
All right. I am going on and on about this because I think it’s important to remind people that it does not have to be this way. We are in an election year, people, so I don’t know, let’s try to do something about it.
Okay, Sara, how many seconds was that?
Sara Rathner:
Oh, well I stopped timing it the second it hit the clock, so that might’ve been just an extra 10 seconds, honestly.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. It’s hard to fit so much into such a small amount of time.
Sara Rathner:
You know what? Your rage is such that it cannot be fit into a tiny container and that is valid. It’s okay to let the rage out and give it some more space.
I agree with you. What’s annoying is, for example, this past year I had a baby, and that is expensive to the tune for me of $7,000 out of pocket after insurance. Hi. $7,000 is a lot of money, people.
And what was annoying about that, and this is something for anybody who maybe is facing a planned medical procedure like a surgery or childbirth or anything like that, or who takes medication for chronic illnesses, I tried to call the billing department at the hospital to talk to my insurance company to say, “Can you at least give me an idea of how much money I will be out?” I knew going into it that I would be having a C-section. So I could say, “I’m having a C-section, that means I have to work with an anesthesiologist, which is an extra expense. Can you tell me ballpark, even if you’re off by a grand, how much should I budget for this?” And everyone’s like, “We don’t know.” Shrug emoji.
Then the bills just fly in for months and you think you’re done. So you’re like, “Okay, we’re done paying for the hospital bill. Now we can put our money into other stuff.” And then you get another bill for like, $1,100.
Sean Pyles:
And you have to question, was this billed correctly? Was it coded correctly? You don’t know. And it just flies in the face of all the things that we try to talk about in the personal finance space, which is around anticipating big expenses, budgeting for it, saving up for it if you can. It’s impossible when you don’t know what you’re going to be paying.
Sara Rathner:
Right, and if you’re facing surgery, what, are you just going to not have anesthesia to save money? Do not recommend.
Sean Pyles:
That is not a money-saving tip that we would recommend. No.
Sara Rathner:
No, that’s a place where you should spend good money, get good and numb.
But really it is an extra expense. And that’s so, so frustrating because you are not only out a lot of money, but you’re feeling kind of vulnerable because you’ve just gone through some medical stuff, even if it’s just blood work or something, and you want to take good care of your health, and it’s sometimes financially impossible to do that.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. Not to mention completely demoralizing.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, and some people just don’t go to the doctor because of the cost, or the dentist. And then years later, they’re faced with really serious health issues because they’ve been neglecting their health because of the cost.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. I don’t know, it’s really tough in this space to talk about medical expenses because at NerdWallet and in the personal finance realm, we try to give actionable advice, and a lot of the time the advice is reactive. If you get a medical bill, you do have to ensure that it’s coded correctly. Maybe try to work out a payment plan with your medical office if you can’t cover the bill in one go. But it’s so hard to be proactive like you were just describing and understand what you’re going to have to pay if you want a routine procedure like blood work or something more significant like having a baby, makes me want to yell into the void all day every day.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. Well, we took more than 100 seconds about this. If you have a body, then this is something that affects you, and it is really hard to deal with those extra unexpected costs.
Sean Pyles:
All right, so that is what we are mad about this week, listener. I know there’s a lot to be mad about in the world of money, so do not keep it in. Let us hear what you’re mad about, and we might just share it on a future episode.
You can text your Money Hot Take to us or leave a voicemail on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. Or you can email it to podcast@nerdwallet com.
Sara Rathner:
All right, I don’t know about you, but my heart rate is starting to come down from all of that. Ooh, deep breaths, everyone. This episode’s money question is up next. So calm down too and stay with us.
Sean Pyles:
This episode’s money question comes from Lauren, who wrote us an email. Here it is.
“Hi nerdy Nerds. I’m not a parent. I’m never going to be a parent. Because of that, I have made it part of my financial plan to contribute to the 529 plans of kids around me. Because I don’t have nieces and nephews, I’m contributing toward the savings of my friend’s three-year-old. How much needs to go into a 529 starting at age two or three to cover a four-year private college?”
“I got the details on this kid’s 529 plan from his dad and started contributing about $100 a month. We didn’t talk about it. I intend to keep chipping in until the kid is done getting formal education 20 to 25 years from now. How do I talk to the parents? I want to understand if I’m helping enough without becoming privy to their private financial details. I also don’t want to make it seem like I have any vote whatsoever in how the kid charts an educational path. How do I broach this with the parents?”
Sara Rathner:
To help us answer this listener’s question, on this episode of the podcast, we are joined by NerdWallet writer Elizabeth Ayoola. Welcome.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Hello, and hi.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth, so good to have you on.
So let’s start by setting some groundwork. Can you please describe what a 529 college savings plan is, how they work, and why they’re such a big deal?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
A 529 plan is a huge deal indeed to me anyway. I wish I had one when I went to college because I was left with a huge bill. But anyways.
529s are tax advantaged college savings plans, and they allow people to save and invest money for education expenses. So, with that said, the money gets to grow, and it gets to compound, which can mean beneficiaries have a nice education pot to pull from when they need the money. And for those who don’t know what compounding is, it’s essentially when your interest earns interest.
Sara Rathner:
It’s the eighth wonder of the world.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Sara Rathner:
So you mentioned education expenses and that’s what the purpose of this account is, but what kinds of education expenses can you use a 529 to fund?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Funds in a 529 account can be used to cover a vast range of qualified expenses, and that can range from tuition to computers and education related equipment. The expenses can also be used to pay for education needs of your beneficiaries. And the good thing that I like is that the beneficiaries can be in anywhere from kindergarten through grade 12. So that said, it’s not only for college students.
Sean Pyles:
Right, that is a really good point because people hear about 529 accounts, and they think they may be specifically for people going through a traditional four-year education, but people can also use the funds in the 529 college savings plan to cover things like trade schools too. So it really isn’t only for that traditional four-year higher education route.
Sara Rathner:
So earlier you mentioned that 529s are tax advantaged accounts. Can you talk a little bit about the tax treatment of them, and what should people know when they’re considering opening a 529?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Well, one thing that I personally like about these accounts that some people don’t know also is that some states offer a tax deduction if you contribute to their plan. And when I say their plan, I mean the state that you live in. But there is no federal tax deduction for a 529 contribution. So it’s only at a state level. The tax deduction is usually capped. So no, you can’t just deduct your entire contribution. The deduction amount varies from state to state. So it’s best that you check in your state what the amount may be, if they offer it.
And a little bit off-topic, but I also like that the IRS doesn’t set a cap on your contributions to a 529 account, although some states do set a limit.
Sean Pyles:
And I’ll call out two other tax benefits of 529 college savings plans. The first is that investment growth in this account is tax-free, and second, distribution for qualified expenses like tuition or books are also tax-free.
Elizabeth, another important thing to know about 529 college savings plans is that each state has their own, and you don’t have to choose the 529 plan from the state that you live in. And this can all get a little bit confusing because there are so many states to choose from. So, at a high level, can you outline the main differences between a 529 from one state to the next, and how would someone go about choosing which state’s 529 plan to use?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
One of the major differences that people should know and a reason that people may cheat on their state’s 529 plan is lower fees. I personally have a 529 from a different state than my current home state for that very reason. So people should consider shopping around and comparing fees before opening an account. Ultimately, the goal should be to do some math and see whether the deductions and the credits that you’re going to get in the state that you live in are worth more than the lower fees that you could get in another state in the long term.
Also, note that you can open multiple 529 accounts. I have multiple 529 accounts. I recently opened a second one in my home state, Florida, because my son was awarded a grant and it could be transferred to a 529 account, but the catch was it had to be a Florida 529 plan.
Sara Rathner:
So 529s have some flexibility, which we talked about before, not just for four-year educations, but also for trade schools and for K to 12 expenses as well. And interestingly enough, 529s were just made even more flexible. Can you talk about recent changes around the ability to roll 529 funds into a Roth IRA, and what that means for folks who maybe aren’t considering going to college?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
The Secure Act 2.0 was recently passed, and if I can be honest, that’s what motivated me to open up my first 529 account, and I just opened it last year. I was always on the fence and only saved money in a brokerage account because I was afraid of what would happen if my son decided not to go to college in 15 years. He’s six, by the way.
I decided to get off the fence when the Secure Act 2.0 made it possible for people to roll at least a portion of the unused funds into a Roth account. However, you do have to wait until 15 years after you’ve opened the 529 account before you can roll those funds over. And you can also only roll up to a certain limit starting in 2024. It may be ideal to read the IRS’s rules, they have a lot of fine print around the conversion or speak to a finance professional about it.
I think Roths are also awesome because they aren’t subject to required minimum distributions and withdrawals. They’re also tax-free when you meet certain requirements like waiting until 59-1/2, amongst other rules.
Sara Rathner:
All right, well thank you for that great summary of the tax rules surrounding this new change. We just want to let you all know that we are not investing or tax professionals, and if you have any specific questions to your own situation, definitely consult a professional who can give you guidance.
Now let’s turn to the fun stuff. The math, Sean. I know that you are in the midst of your certified financial planner coursework. I have slogged through that myself. It is a lot. It is a lot of math.
Sean Pyles:
Sara Rathner:
And now that you know how to do it, I’m sure you’re eager to show off your chops. So are there any insights you can share that will help our listener figure out how much they need to save every month or every year to help their friends reach their savings goals?
Sean Pyles:
As a matter of fact, yes. And you’re right, I have been waiting for an opportunity to show off what I’ve been learning about because often I’m just doing calculations in silence and this is a time for me to be loud and proud about hitting buttons on a calculator. So let’s do it.
I’ll spare you and our listeners the specifics of the calculation, but I plugged the listener’s situation into a time value of money calculation and got a rough estimate for how much they will need to save.
Sara Rathner:
All right, drum roll. What’s the number?
Sean Pyles:
For our listener to meet the savings goal that they outlined in their question, remember, they want to save for four years of education at a private college starting now-ish and saving until the kid finishes school. They would need to save around $8,000 per year. Obviously, that’s a lot of money to contribute to a 529 account, no less for a kid who isn’t your own. And this is why 529s are often just part of the picture when it comes to paying for college, which usually includes some combination of scholarships, grants and loans and generous gifts from family friends.
Sara Rathner:
That is definitely more than a hundy a month.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, that’s for sure.
All right, so all of that math out of the way, I want to talk about the other part of our listener’s question. They seem to be concerned about how much they should contribute and also how to talk about this with their friends. I am not a parent, so I would love to hear from both of you who are parents, how you would approach the situation if you had such a generous friend. Would you welcome the money, or say get out of my business? Or if you are going to accept this money, if you want to have this conversation with your friend, how would you want them to communicate that with you?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Honestly, I would welcome the money, especially because I’m a single mama. So as a matter of fact, my friends always contribute to my son’s savings account in London for his birthdays or holidays and I really, really appreciate it. It can be a better gift to me than toys that stab me in the foot within a few days.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I would also appreciate a friend asking me what my savings goals are, so they know how to support that goal. However, I do think, for the sake of boundaries, I would like my friend to ask me my comfort level with the topic before they dive in and start trying to give advice.
I think it’s also important to note that not everyone is comfortable discussing money or financial goals. But with that said, here’s an example of maybe how somebody could say it. So you may say, “Hey, I want to help you reach John’s college savings goal. Are you comfortable discussing that target number you have in mind, and can you tell me how I can support that?” Or another option could be you saying, “Hey, would you like to do the math yourself and then let me know how I can support that goal?” So those are just a couple of options.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, I mean, I’m not going to look a gift horse in the mouth. College is expensive now, and it’s only going to become even more expensive in the future. Even in-state tuition, where I live in Virginia, is often over $20,000 a year. That used to be the economical way to get a four-year degree, and now it’s also very, very expensive. So what’s it going to be like by the time my kid’s in college? I don’t know. A lot.
Sean Pyles:
I think we can confidently say more money.
Sara Rathner:
Confidently, we can say a whole lot more money.
I would want my friends to decide for themselves what they feel comfortable giving, because I don’t feel comfortable telling another person how they should allot their money because they have other competing financial goals and obligations. And I never want to tell another person what they can do with their money unless they specifically ask me to tell them what to do with their money, which nobody ever asks me.
Sean Pyles:
And you also don’t want to give the impression that your friends can’t look after their own family’s finances, right? That’s a bit of the awkwardness underlying the question, is you want to help someone that you care about and this child that you’re seeing grow up in the world, but you don’t want to impose your will upon them. It seems like our listener is being very thoughtful about that. And you don’t want to make it seem like you think they aren’t doing enough.
Sara Rathner:
Right, or you think their kids should go to a four-year private university because that’s what you value, but maybe the parents have other values that they want to impart upon their child as the kid grows up, and then the kid will go off and do their own thing as a young adult.
In my case, we have a 529 for our son. We have family members who’ve contributed money. They’ve just written checks to us, and then we deposit it into our account that is tied to our 529 and then deposit the money into the 529.
Ultimately, when you contribute, you do go through the account owners, and that’s oftentimes parent or guardians. You are going to have to communicate with them because they’re ultimately the gatekeeper of that account. They are the owners, and then the child is the beneficiary.
Sean Pyles:
That actually brings up something that I wanted to talk about, which is who would own this account? The listener could in theory open up a 529 account on their own for this kid. But long-term, it’s probably going to be easier if the parents are the owners of the account, because that way when the kid is eventually ready to go to college or trade school or what have you, the parent can be the one managing those distributions.
Personally, I know as a friend, as much as I love my friends and my friends’ kids, I don’t want to have to manage that down the road. So that’s something else that they should think about when they’re talking about this with their friends.
Sara Rathner:
I definitely agree with talking to the parents and ultimately contributing to an account that the parents or guardians are in charge of.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Elizabeth, do you have any final thoughts around 529s and helping your friend’s kids afford college?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I think we have given some very juicy tips here and only two more things come to mind, which is one, while it’s noble to contribute to your friend’s kids or loved one’s kids’ 529 account, please take advantage of any state income tax deductions that you might be eligible for. The rules around this can be muddy. And I know the original listener who asked this question lives in a different state than where he’s contributing, but sometimes you’re able to get a deduction depending on the state that you live in. So if you can get money back, I mean, why not?
My second thing that I’ll say is that if your loved one doesn’t have a number in mind, guide them to a college savings calculator or run the numbers together over coffee if they’re open to doing that.
Sean Pyles:
Great. Well, thank you so much for coming on and talking with us.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I loved it. Thank you for having me.
Sean Pyles:
And that is all we have for this episode. If you have a money question of your own, turn to the Nerds and call or text us your question at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected].
Visit nerdwallet.com/podcast for more info on this episode. And remember to follow, rate, and review us wherever you’re getting this podcast.
Sara Rathner:
This episode was produced by Sean Pyles and myself. Kevin Berry and Tess Vigeland helped with editing. Sara Brink mixed our audio. And a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all of their help.
And here’s our brief disclaimer:
We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances.
Sean Pyles:
And with that said, until next time, turn to the Nerds.
The VA home loan: Unbeatable benefits for veterans
For many who qualify, VA home loans are some of the best mortgages available.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA loans are designed to help active-duty military personnel, veterans and certain other groups become homeowners at an affordable cost.
The VA loan asks for no down payment, requires no mortgage insurance, and has lenient rules about qualifying, among many other advantages.
Here’s everything you need to know about qualifying for and using a VA loan.
In this article (Skip to…)
Top 10 VA loan benefits
1. No down payment on a VA loan
Most home loan programs require you to make at least a small down payment to buy a home. The VA home loan is an exception.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Rather than paying 5%, 10%, 20% or more of the home’s purchase price upfront in cash, with a VA loan you can finance up to 100% of the purchase price.
The VA loan is a true no-money-down home mortgage opportunity.
2. No mortgage insurance for VA loans
Typically, lenders require you to pay for mortgage insurance if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%.
This insurance — which is known as private mortgage insurance (PMI) for a conventional loan and a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) for an FHA loan — would protect the lender if you defaulted on your loan.
VA loans require neither a down payment nor mortgage insurance. That makes a VA-backed mortgage very affordable upfront and over time.
3. VA loans have a government guarantee
There’s a reason why the VA loan comes with such favorable terms.
The federal government guarantees these loans — meaning a portion of the loan amount will be repaid to the lender even if you’re unable to make monthly payments for whatever reason.
This guarantee encourages and enables private lenders to offer VA loans with exceptionally attractive terms.
4. You can shop for the best VA loan rates
VA loans are neither originated nor funded by the VA. They are not direct loans from the government. Furthermore, mortgage rates for VA loans are not set by the VA itself.
Instead, VA loans are offered by U.S. banks, savings-and-loans institutions, credit unions, and mortgage lenders — each of which sets its own VA loan rates and fees.
This means you can shop around and compare loan offers and still choose the VA loan that works best for your budget.
5. VA loans don’t allow a prepayment penalty
A VA loan won’t restrict your right to sell the property partway through your loan term.
There’s no prepayment penalty or early-exit fee no matter within what time frame you decide to sell your home.
Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding a refinance of your VA loan.
You can refinance your existing VA loan into another VA loan via the agency’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL) program, or switch into a non-VA loan at any time.
6. VA mortgages come in many varieties
A VA loan can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. In addition, you can use a VA loan to buy a house, condo, new-built home, manufactured home, duplex, or other types of properties.
Or, it can be used for refinancing your existing mortgage, making repairs or improvements to your home, or making your home more energy-efficient.
The choice is yours. A VA-approved lender can help you decide.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
7. It’s easier to qualify for VA loans
Like all mortgage types, VA loans require specific documentation, an acceptable credit history, and sufficient income to make your monthly payments.
But, compared to other loan programs, VA loan guidelines tend to be more flexible. This is made possible because of the VA loan guarantee.
The Department of Veterans Affairs genuinely wants to make the loan process easier for military members, veterans, and qualifying military spouses to buy or refinance a home.
8. VA loan closing costs are lower
The VA limits the closing costs lenders can charge to VA loan applicants. This is another way that a VA loan can be more affordable than other types of loans.
Money saved on closing costs can be used for furniture, moving costs, home improvements, or anything else.
9. The VA offers funding fee flexibility
VA loans require a “funding fee,” an upfront cost based on your loan amount, your type of eligible service, your down payment size, and other factors.
Funding fees don’t need to be paid in cash, though. The VA allows the fee to be financed with the loan, so nothing is due at closing.
And, not all VA borrowers will pay it. VA funding fees are normally waived for veterans who receive VA disability compensation and for unmarried surviving spouses of veterans who died in service or as a result of a service-connected disability.
10. VA loans are assumable
Most VA loans are “assumable,” which means you can transfer your VA loan to a future home buyer if that person is also VA-eligible.
Assumable loans can be a huge benefit when you sell your home — especially in a rising mortgage rate environment.
If your home loan has today’s low rate and market rates rise in the future, the assumption features of your VA become even more valuable.
VA loan rates
The VA loan is viewed as one of the lowest-risk mortgage types available on the market.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
This safety allows banks to lend to veteran borrowers at lower interest rates.
Today’s VA loan rates*
Loan Type
Current Mortgage Rate
VA 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
VA 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
*Current rates provided daily by partners of the Mortgage Reports. See our loan assumptions here.
VA rates are more than 25 basis points (0.25%) lower than conventional rates on average, according to data collected by mortgage software company Ellie Mae.
Most loan programs require higher down payment and credit scores than the VA home loan. In the open market, a VA loan should carry a higher rate due to more lenient lending guidelines and higher perceived risk.
Yet the result of the Veterans Affairs efforts to keep veterans in their homes means lower risk for banks and lower borrowing costs for eligible veterans.
VA mortgage calculator
Eligibility
Am I eligible for a VA home loan?
Contrary to popular belief, VA loans are available not only to veterans, but also to other classes of military members.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
The list of eligible VA borrowers includes:
Active-duty service members
Members of the National Guard
Reservists
Surviving spouses of veterans
Cadets at the U.S. Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academy
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy
Officers at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
A minimum term of service is typically required.
Minimum service required for a VA mortgage
VA home loans are available to active-duty service members, veterans (unless dishonorably discharged), and in some cases, surviving family members.
To be eligible, you need to meet one of these service requirements:
You’ve served 181 days of active duty during peacetime
You’ve served 90 days of active duty during wartime
You’ve served six years in the Reserves or National Guard
Your spouse was killed in the line of duty and you have not remarried
Your eligibility for the VA home loan program never expires.
Veterans who earned their VA entitlement long ago are still using their benefit to buy homes.
The VA loan Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
What is a COE?
In order to show a mortgage company you are VA-eligible, you’ll need a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Your lender can acquire one for you online, usually in a matter of seconds.
Verify your VA home loan eligibility. Start here
How to get your COE (Certificate of Eligibility)
Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is very easy in most cases. Simply have your lender order the COE through the VA’s automated system. Any VA-approved lender can do this.
Alternatively, you can order your certificate yourself through the VA benefits portal.
If the online system is unable to issue your COE, you’ll need to provide your DD-214 form to your lender or the VA.
Does a COE mean you are guaranteed a VA loan?
No, having a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) doesn’t guarantee a VA loan approval.
Your COE shows the lender you’re eligible for a VA loan, but no one is guaranteed VA loan approval.
You must still qualify for the loan based on VA mortgage guidelines. The guarantee part of the VA loan refers to the VA’s promise to the lender of repayment if the borrower defaults.
Qualifying for a VA mortgage
VA loan eligibility vs. qualification
Being eligible for VA home loan benefits based on your military status or affiliation doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll qualify for a VA loan.
You still have to qualify for a VA mortgage based on your credit, debt, and income.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA has established no minimum credit score for a VA mortgage.
However, many VA mortgage lenders require minimum FICO scores of 620 or higher — so apply with many lenders if your credit score might be an issue.
Even VA lenders that allow lower credit scores don’t accept subprime credit.
VA underwriting guidelines state that applicants must have paid their obligations on time for at least the most recent 12 months to be considered satisfactory credit risks.
In addition, the VA usually requires a two-year waiting period following a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or foreclosure before it will insure a loan.
Borrowers in Chapter 13 must have made at least 12 on-time payments and secure the approval of the bankruptcy court.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
VA loan debt-to-income ratios
The relationship of your debts and your income is called your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI.
VA underwriters divide your monthly debts (car payments, credit cards, and other accounts, plus your proposed housing expense) by your gross (before-tax) income to come up with your debt-to-income ratio.
For instance:
If your gross income is $4,000 per month
And your total monthly debt is $1,500 (including the new mortgage, property taxes and homeowners insurance, plus other debt payments)
Then your DTI is 37.5% (1500/4000=0.375)
A DTI over 41% means the lender has to apply additional formulas to see if you qualify under residual income guidelines.
VA residual income rules
VA underwriters perform additional calculations that can affect your mortgage approval.
Factoring in your estimated monthly utilities, your estimated taxes on income, and the area of the country in which you live, the VA arrives at a figure which represents your “true” costs of living.
It then subtracts that figure from your income to find your residual income (e.g. your money “left over” each month).
Think of the residual income calculation as a real-world simulation of your living expenses.
It is the VA’s best effort to ensure that military families have a stress-free homeownership experience.
Here is an example of how residual income works, assuming a family of four which is purchasing a 2,000 square-foot home on a $5,000 monthly income.
Future house payment, plus other debt payments: $2,500
Monthly estimated income taxes: $1,000
Monthly estimated utilities at $0.14 per square foot: $280
This leaves a residual income calculation of $1,220.
Now, compare that residual income to for a family of four:
Northeast Region: $1,025
Midwest Region: $1,003
South Region: $1,003
West Region: $1,117
The borrower in our example exceeds VA’s residual income standards in all parts of the country.
Therefore, despite the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio of 50%, the borrower could get approved for a VA loan.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Qualifying for a VA loan with part-time income
You can qualify for this type of financing even if you have a part-time job or multiple jobs.
You must show a 2-year history of making consistent part-time income, and stability in the number of hours worked. The lender will make sure any income received appears stable. See our complete guide to getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed or work part-time.
VA funding fees and loan limits
About the VA funding fee
The VA charges an upfront fee to defray the costs of the program and make it sustainable for the future.
Veterans pay a lump sum that varies depending on the loan purpose and down payment amount.
The fee is normally wrapped into the loan. It does not add to the cash needed to close the loan.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
VA home purchase funding fees
Type of Military Service
Down Payment
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Use
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
None
2.3%
3.6%
5% or more
1.65%
1.65%
10% or more
1.4%
1.4%
VA cash-out refinance funding fees
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
2.3%
3.6%
VA streamline refinances (IRRRL) & assumptions
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
0.5%
0.5%
Manufactured home loans not permanently affixed
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
1.0%
1.0%
VA loan limits in 2024
VA loan limits have been repealed, thanks to the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019.
There is no maximum amount for which a home buyer can receive a VA loan, at least as far as the VA is concerned.
However, private lenders may set their own limits. So check with your lender if you are looking for a VA loan above local conforming loan limits.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Eligible property types
Houses you can buy with a VA loan
VA mortgages are flexible about what types of property you can and can’t purchase. A VA loan can be used to buy a:
Detached house
Condo
New-built home
Manufactured home
Duplex, triplex or four-unit property
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
You can also use a VA mortgage to refinance an existing loan for any of those types of properties.
VA loans and second homes
Federal regulations limit loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs to “primary residences” only.
However, “primary residence” is defined as the home in which you live “most of the year.”
Therefore, if you own an out-of-state residence in which you live for more than six months of the year, this other home, whether it’s your vacation home or retirement property, becomes your official “primary residence.”
For this reason, VA loans are popular among aging military borrowers.
Buying a multi-unit home with a VA loan
VA loans allow you to buy a duplex, triplex, or four-plex with 100% financing. You must live in one of the units.
Buying a home with more than one unit can be challenging.
Mortgage lenders consider these properties riskier to finance than traditional, single-family residences, so you’ll need to be a stronger borrower.
VA underwriters must make sure you will have enough emergency savings, or cash reserves, after closing on your house. That’s to ensure you’ll have money to pay your mortgage even if a tenant fails to pay rent or moves out.
The minimum cash reserves needed after closing is six months of mortgage payments (covering principal, interest, taxes, and insurance – PITI).
Your lender will also want to know about previous landlord experience you’ve had, or any experience with property maintenance or renting.
If you don’t have any, you may be able to sidestep that issue by hiring a property management company. But that’s up to the individual lender.
Your lender will look at the income (or potential income) of the rental units, using either existing rental agreements or an appraiser’s opinion of what the units should fetch.
They’ll usually take 75% of that amount to offset your mortgage payment when calculating your monthly expenses.
VA loans and rental properties
You cannot use a VA loan to buy a rental property. You can, however, use a VA loan to refinance an existing rental home you once occupied as a primary home.
For home purchases, in order to obtain a VA loan, you must certify that you intend to occupy the home as your principal residence.
If the property is a duplex, triplex, or four-unit apartment building, you must occupy one of the units yourself. Then you can rent out the other units.
The exception to this rule is the VA’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL).
This loan, also known as the VA Streamline Refinance, can be used for refinancing an existing VA loan on a home where you currently live or where you used to live, but no longer do.
Check your VA IRRRL eligibility. Start here
Buying a condo with a VA loan
The VA maintains a list of approved condo projects within which you may purchase a unit with a VA loan.
At VA’s website, you can search for the thousands of approved condominium complexes across the U.S.
If you are VA-eligible and in the market for a condo, make sure the unit you’re interested in is approved.
As a buyer, you are probably not able to get the complex VA-approved. That’s up to the management company or homeowner’s association.
If a condo you like is not approved, you must use other financing like an FHA or conventional loan or find another property.
Note that the condo must meet FHA or conventional guidelines if you want to use those types of financing.
Veteran mortgage relief with the VA loan
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, provides home retention assistance. The VA intervenes when a veteran is having trouble making home loan payments.
The VA works with loan servicers to offer loan options to the veteran, other than foreclosure.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
In fiscal year 2019, the VA made over 400,000 contact actions to reach borrowers and loan servicers. The intent was to work out a mutually agreeable repayment option for both parties.
More than 100,000 veteran homeowners avoided foreclosure in 2019 alone thanks to this effort.
The initiative has saved the taxpayer an estimated $2.6 billion. More importantly, vast numbers of veterans and military families got another chance at homeownership.
When NOT to use a VA loan
If you have good credit and 20% down
A primary advantage to VA home loans is the lack of mortgage insurance.
However, the VA guarantee does not come free of charge. Borrowers pay an upfront funding fee, which they usually choose to add to their loan amount.
The fee ranges from 1.4% to 3.6%, depending on the down payment percentage and whether the home buyer has previously used his or her VA mortgage eligibility. The most common fee is 2.3%.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
On a $200,000 purchase, a 2.3% fee equals $4,600.
However, buyers who choose a conventional mortgage and put 20% down get to avoid mortgage insurance and the upfront fee. For these military home buyers, the VA funding fee might be an unnecessary expense.
The exception: Mortgage applicants whose credit rating or income meets VA guidelines but not those of conventional mortgages may still opt for VA.
If you’re on the “CAIVRS” list
To qualify for a VA loan, you must prove you have made good on previous government-backed debts and that you have paid taxes.
The Credit Alert Verification Reporting System, or “CAIVRS,” is a database of consumers who have defaulted on government obligations. These individuals are not eligible for the VA home loan program.
If you have a non-veteran co-borrower
Veterans often apply to buy a home with a non-veteran who is not their spouse.
This is okay. However, it might not be their best choice.
As the veteran, your income must cover your half of the loan payment. The non-veteran’s income cannot be used to compensate for the veteran’s insufficient income.
Plus, when a non-veteran owns half the loan, the VA guarantees only half that amount. The lender will require a 12.5% down payment for the non-guaranteed portion.
The Conventional 97 mortgage, on the other hand, allows down payments as low as 3%.
Another low-down-payment mortgage option is the FHA home loan, for which 3.5% down is acceptable.
The USDA home loan also requires zero down payment and offers similar rates to VA loans. However, the property must be within USDA-eligible areas.
If you plan to borrow with a non-veteran, one of these loan types might be your better choice.
Explore your mortgage options. Start here
If you apply with a credit-challenged spouse
In states with community property laws, VA lenders must consider the credit rating and financial obligations of your spouse. This rule applies even if he or she will not be on the home’s title or even on the mortgage.
Such states are as follows.
Arizona
California
Idaho
Louisiana
Nevada
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
A spouse with less-than-perfect credit or who owes alimony, child support, or other maintenance can make your VA approval more challenging.
Apply for a conventional loan if you qualify for the mortgage by yourself. The spouse’s financial history and status need not be considered if he or she is not on the loan application.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
If you want to buy a vacation home or investment property
The purpose of VA financing is to help veterans and active-duty service members buy and live in their own home. This loan is not meant to build real estate portfolios.
These loans are for primary residences only, so if you want a ski cabin or rental, you’ll have to get a conventional loan.
If you want to purchase a high-end home
Starting January 2020, there are no limits to the size of mortgage a lender can approve.
However, lenders may establish their own limits for VA loans, so check with your lender before applying for a large VA loan.
Spouses and the VA mortgage program
What spouses are eligible for a VA loan?
What if the service member passes away before he or she uses the benefit? Eligibility passes to an unremarried spouse, in many cases.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
For the surviving spouse to be eligible, the deceased service member must have:
Died in the line of duty
Passed away as a result of a service-connected disability
Been missing in action, or a prisoner of war, for at least 90 days
Been a totally disabled veteran for at least 10 years prior to death, and died from any cause
Also eligible are remarried spouses who married after the age of 57, on or after December 16, 2003.
In these cases, the surviving spouse can use VA loan eligibility to buy a home with zero down payment, just as the veteran would have.
VA loan benefits for surviving spouses
Surviving spouses have an additional VA loan benefit, however. They are exempt from the VA funding fee. As a result, their loan balance and monthly payment will be lower.
Surviving spouses are also eligible for a VA streamline refinance when they meet the following guidelines.
The surviving spouse was married to the veteran at the time of death
The surviving spouse was on the original VA loan
VA streamline refinancing is typically not available when the deceased veteran was the only applicant on the original VA loan, even if he or she got married after buying the home.
In this case, the surviving spouse would need to qualify for a non-VA refinance, or a VA cash-out loan.
A cash-out mortgage through VA requires the military spouse to meet home purchase eligibility requirements.
If this is the case, the surviving spouse can tap into the home’s equity to raise cash for any purpose, or even pay off an FHA or conventional loan to eliminate mortgage insurance.
Qualifying if you receive (or pay) child support or alimony
Buying a home after a divorce is no easy task.
If, prior to your divorce, you lived in a two-income household, you now have less spending power and a reduced monthly income for purposes of your VA home loan application.
With less income, it can be harder to meet both the VA Home Loan Guaranty’s debt-to-income (DTI) guidelines and the VA residual income requirement for your area.
Receiving alimony or child support can counteract a loss of income.
Mortgage lenders will not require you to provide information about your divorce agreement’s alimony or child support terms, but if you’re willing to disclose, it can count toward qualifying for a home loan.
Different VA-approved lenders will treat alimony and child support income differently.
Typically, you will be asked to provide a copy of your divorce settlement or other court paperwork to support the alimony and child support payments.
Lenders will then want to see that the payments are stable, reliable, and likely to continue for another 36 months, at least.
You may also be asked to show proof that alimony and child support payments have been made in the past reliably, so that the lender may use the income as part of your VA loan application.
If you are the payor of alimony and child support payments, your debt-to-income ratio can be harmed.
Not only might you be losing the second income of your dual-income households, but you’re making additional payments that count against your outflows.
VA mortgage lenders make careful calculations with respect to such payments.
You can still get approved for a VA loan while making such payments — it’s just more difficult to show sufficient monthly income.
VA loan assumption
What is VA loan assumption?
One benefit for home buyers is that VA loans are assumable. When you assume a mortgage loan, you take over the current homeowner’s monthly payment.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
That could be a big advantage if mortgage rates have risen since the original owner purchased the home. The buyer would be able to acquire a low-rate, affordable loan — and it could make it easier for the seller to find a willing buyer in a tough market.
VA loan assumption savings
Buying a home via an assumable mortgage loan is even more appealing when interest rates are on the rise.
For example:
Say a seller-financed $200,000 for their home in 2013 at an interest rate of 3.25% on a 30-year fixed loan
Using this scenario, their principal and interest payment would be $898 per month
Let’s assume current 30-year fixed rates averaged 4.10%
If you financed $200,000 at 4.10% for a 30-year loan term, your monthly principal and interest payment would be $966 per month
Additionally, because the seller has already paid four years into the loan term, they’ve already paid nearly $25,000 in interest on the loan.
By assuming the loan, you would save $34,560 over the 30-year loan due to the difference in interest rates. You would also save roughly $25,000 thanks to the interest already paid by the sellers.
That comes out to a total savings of almost $60,000!
How to assume (take on) a VA loan
There are currently two ways to assume a VA loan.
The new buyer is a qualified veteran who “substitutes” his or her VA eligibility for the eligibility of the seller
The new home buyer qualifies through VA standards for the mortgage payment. This is the safest method for the seller as it allows the loan to be assumed knowing that the new buyer is responsible for the loan, and the seller is no longer responsible for the loan
The lender and/or the VA needs to approve a loan assumption.
Loans serviced by a lender with automatic authority may process assumptions without sending them to a VA Regional Loan Center.
For lenders without automatic authority, the loan must be sent to the appropriate VA Regional Loan Center for approval. This loan process will typically take several weeks.
When VA loans are assumed, it’s the servicer’s responsibility to make sure the homeowner who assumes the property meets both VA and lender requirements.
VA loan assumption requirements
For a VA mortgage assumption to take place, the following conditions must be met:
The existing loan must be current. If not, any past due amounts must be paid at or before closing
The buyer must qualify based on VA credit and income standards
The buyer must assume all mortgage obligations, including repayment to the VA if the loan goes into default
The original owner or new owner must pay a funding fee of 0.5% of the existing principal loan balance
A processing fee must be paid in advance, including a reasonable estimate for the cost of the credit report
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
Finding assumable VA loans
There are several ways for home buyers to find an assumable VA loan.
Believe it or not, print media is still alive and well. Some home sellers advertise their assumable home for sale in the newspaper, or in a local real estate publication.
There are a number of online resources for finding assumable mortgage loans.
Websites like TakeList.com and Zumption.com give homeowners a way to showcase their properties to home buyers looking to assume a loan.
With the help of the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), real estate agents remain a great resource for home buyers.
This applies to home buyers specifically searching for assumable VA loans as well.
How do I apply for a VA loan?
You can easily and quickly have a lender pull your certificate of eligibility (COE) to make sure you’re able to get a VA loan.
Most mortgage lenders offer VA home loans. So you’re free to shop and compare rates with just about any company that catches your eye.
Getting a VA loan for your new home is similar in many ways to securing any other purchase loan. Once you find an ideal home in your price range, you make a purchase offer, and then undergo VA appraisal and underwriting.
VA appraisal ensures that the home meets its minimum property requirements (MPRs) and is structurally sound and safe for occupancy.
What’s more, VA-specific mortgage lenders are actually some of the highest-rated (and lowest-priced) on the market. Here are a few we’d recommend checking out.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Middle-income Americans who are 75 and older are at serious risk of a retirement crisis, according to a new research brief from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago.
“Our cumulative research has projected an impending crisis without a clear policy solution: a majority of middle-income older adults will be unlikely to afford needed care and housing in the next decade, potentially challenging their ability to age with dignity, choice, and independence,” the researchers stated.
Financial disparities are also varied across a series of racial and ethnic groups, the researchers found. Cohort members who are also people of color typically face larger disparities than their white counterparts. In 2020, people of color represented about 12% of the middle-income older adult population in the U.S., a figure that is expected to more than double to 25% by 2035.
“The largest shift in composition is among Hispanics, who will comprise nearly 11 percent of the middle-income group in 2035 — nearly a three-fold increase from 2020,” the researchers found.
Compounding the concerns about housing this population could face are the kinds of assets that older, middle-income people of color typically have.
“Black and Hispanic older adults tend to hold fewer liquid assets than white older adults,” the brief states. “Holding fewer liquid assets makes it more difficult to access the housing and care options that align with their preferences.”
For this analysis, researchers examined the asset portfolios of middle-income older adults. They found that those “who do not qualify for Medicaid often must rely on other sources of income, such as pensions or retirement accounts, to afford the care and housing options they need or want.”
Having more liquid assets could make housing and health care easier and more affordable for them, but that’s not necessarily an easy transition for many to make — especially among people of color, the researchers found.
“33 percent of Black and Hispanic older adults’ asset portfolios comprise transportation items like a personal vehicle,” the brief said. “Liquidizing a vehicle is both inconvenient and impractical as it eliminates a source of independence in a society increasingly dependent on private vehicle access.”
At a recent congressional hearing, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said that U.S. regulators are monitoring risks stemming from nonbank mortgage lenders, cautioning that a failure of one of them is possible due to market strains and a lack of access to deposits.
The Community Home Lenders of America (CHLA), which represents small and mid-sized nonbank independent mortgage banks (IMBs), appreciates the concerns regulators have about the so-called “shadow banking system” – nonbanks carrying out traditional bank financial activities. Failures of large cryptocurrency firms have harmed consumers and caused some economic panic. Firms that offer risky financial products should receive appropriate supervision like banks do.
But mortgage lenders simply don’t merit the alarms they seem to be generating. Last March, CHLA released a comprehensive report: rebutting the myths about nonbank IMBs being risky and explaining how IMBs’ business model of originate and sell significantly reduces risk.
Without risky assets on their books, turmoil in mortgage markets does not result in significant IMB losses. Instead, IMBs’ financial struggles have largely been focused on bringing down operating expenses to match a significantly reduced revenue based in response to the volume collapse in the mortgage refi business. Notably, if an IMB lender goes out of business, the main impact is — wait for it — the firm simply won’t be around to originate more mortgage loans.
As a result, we assume that FSOC’s concern is not mortgage lenders per se, but about a small handful of mega mortgage servicers. Mortgage servicers do hold assets on their books — mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) — that could decline in value. Moreover, servicers have financial requirements to advance funds to mortgage pools when a borrower does not make a mortgage payment. FSOC’s concerns are that nonbanks don’t have access to deposits (like banks do) to carry out this function.
The answer is not to clamp down on IMB lenders or servicers, but to create credit facilities commensurate with what banks enjoy, to enable servicers to perform this banking-like function.
So, in January 2023, CHLA wrote a letterto Ginnie Mae, asking Ginnie to expand its PTAP program, to increase liquidity for Ginnie servicer/issuers experiencing increases in advance responsibilities. Note we are not calling for a bailout — just a liquidity facility for this function.
And in October 2022, CHLA wrote a letter to FHFA asking that the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system use its advance capabilities to do the same for advances for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac MBS. Both these actions would do far more to reduce risk than any more draconian actions FSOC might be contemplating for servicers.
CHLA is also asking regulators to be precise about IMBs and risk. Regulators should clarify that risks are limited to only a very small handful of mega servicers, and not to the much larger universe of nonbank IMBs. Regulators should publicly explain that the limited risks that do exist are not predominately a risk of financial loss, but a liquidity risk, arising from servicers’ obligation to effectively act as a banker to borrowers that don’t make mortgage payments.
We would also point out that an excessive focus on nonbank mortgage lender risk could divert attention from the more significant financial risks we confront. As nonbanks were on the receiving end of alarms over their financial strength, last March’s Silicon Valley Bank fiasco was followed by last week’s turmoil around New York Community Bank. While some are focused on the risks of single-family loans, the true threats to our financial stability are in the trillions of dollars of commercial real estate loans held by banks.
But the ultimate risk is that federal policy makers and members of Congress get caught up in the echo chamber of false myths about nonbank IMB lender risks — and pursue unnecessarily draconian policies which harm IMBs’ strong homeownership record. All of this comes at a time of the unparalleled twin challenges to homeownership affordability of skyrocketing mortgage rates and home prices still at near-record levels.
As our recent annual CHLA IMB Report chronicles, IMBs now originate over 80% of all new mortgage loans, demonstrably outperform banks in loans to minorities, and consistently do a much better job of access to mortgage credit for underserved first-time homebuyers than banks.
IMBs welcome scrutiny of both their finances and their performance in serving consumers’ mortgage needs. They just ask that a good narrative doesn’t get in the way of the facts.
Scott Olson is Executive Director of the Community Home Lenders of America (CHLA), the only trade group exclusively representing non-bank IMBs.
This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of HousingWire’s editorial department and its owners.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Sarah Wheeler at [email protected]
My wife and I moved out of our former primary residence a year ago, and we have been renting it out for $4,000 a month. Our current tenant is moving out next month and we will need to find a new one.
The house is probably worth about $750,000 and we have a $450,000 mortgage on it, which we managed to refinance when mortgages were rock bottom at 2.5%.
Should we plan to sell the house in two years in order to get the capital gains tax exemption, and then use the proceeds to buy a new investment property?
Or would we be better off keeping the property, continue renting it and abandon the tax exemption in order to hold on to our low mortgage?
Looking for Opportunities
‘The Big Move’ is a MarketWatch column looking at the ins and outs of real estate, from navigating the search for a new home to applying for a mortgage.
Do you have a question about buying or selling a home? Do you want to know where your next move should be? Email Aarthi Swaminathan at [email protected].
Dear Looking,
You have a 30-year mortgage at a rock-bottom rate of 2.5% that you will possibly never see again in your lifetime. Why are you in a rush to sell?
If you are trying to get ahead without paying taxes, you have time, but how much time is the question.
The biggest challenge with waiting to sell is that your home could appreciate significantly, and you may not qualify for the capital gains tax exemption of $500,000 when filing jointly with your spouse.
You don’t say how much you bought it for, but even if you had bought it for $500,000 and the home is $750,000, you’ve still got time before hitting that cap of $500,000. As long as you don’t exceed that, and the government does not change that number, your plan to wait and sell makes sense.
As you’re looking to buy a new investment property, consider doing a 1031 exchange. With a 1031 exchange, you can sell whenever you want, and defer paying taxes on the profit. The “catch” is you need to move that money into another investment property. Plus, you may have to take on a new mortgage.
Factor in the new rate and the potential rental income, and see if the math makes sense. If that other investment property you’re looking at doesn’t net you the same or similar profit as your current rental, then don’t sell.
The bottom line: Unless there’s a strong reason for you to sell independent of taxes — perhaps you need the extra money, or you are sick of dealing with tenants, for instance — it seems like the best move would be to hold on to the home, or try to swap it out for another.
And don’t just take it from me. “There is no hurry to sell,” Ed Fernandez, president and CEO of 1031 Crowdfunding, a company specializing in 1031 exchanges, also advises.
“You can always capture the gains any time after two years, but in this scenario, it looks like the cash flow you are receiving from the current mortgage might be better than any opportunity you would have to go out and buy in the current market environment,” he added.
That’s two opinions in favor of retaining your rental. The third opinion? That’s up to you.
By emailing your questions, you agree to having them published anonymously on MarketWatch. By submitting your story to Dow Jones & Company, the publisher of MarketWatch, you understand and agree that we may use your story, or versions of it, in all media and platforms, including via third parties.
A bill introduced in the New Jersey Senate would require face-to-face counseling for the state’s reverse mortgage transactions and would void any loans executed without proof of such counseling having taken place. The bill is currently awaiting deliberation in the state Senate’s commerce committee.
The bill, S2520, would also offer a seven-day right of rescission on any reverse mortgage transaction, allowing a borrower to cancel the loan within that window without a penalty.
Bill proposal, lawmaker concerns
The current version of the bill was introduced earlier this month by state Sen. Shirley Turner (D), who represents New Jersey’s 15th district encompassing Hunterdon and Mercer counties. Turner originally introduced a similar bill in 2016, she told RMD in an interview.
Turner explained that her primary concern when initially introducing the bill came from a distressed constituent whose elderly mother lost her home after taking out a reverse mortgage without fully understanding the requirements of the loan, the senator said.
“His mother had taken out a reverse mortgage unbeknownst to him and he was very distraught because he didn’t learn of the reverse mortgage until it was too late for him to intervene,” Sen. Turner explained to RMD. “That was when he contacted me and he also contacted the state attorney general. We both investigated and found out that there was nothing that we could do because it was too late in the process.”
The constituent had hired his own lawyer, but his mother ended up having to leave the home after falling behind on associated taxes.
“She just fell further and further behind, and did not tell [her son] until it was too late, when she was getting the notices threatening to evict her from the house,” Turner said. “And she was then, of course, extremely upset because that was the house that she had lived in — and thought she would die in — because she had lived there for 60 years.”
The home, Turner added, had been built by the woman’s late husband in the mid-1950s. That made the senator concerned about the reverse mortgage industry’s marketing activities to borrowers, particularly those who might be dealing with the recent loss of a spouse.
Industry response
Turner’s bill would have a “chilling” effect on reverse mortgage business in the state of New Jersey, according to a letter submitted to the lawmaker’s office on Feb. 13 by the National Reverse Mortgage Lenders Association (NRMLA).
When asked if she had seen the letter, Turner said it had not yet arrived at her office as Friday.
NRMLA contends that the in-person requirement would dampen reverse mortgage availability in the state, primarily since most reverse mortgages originated in New Jersey are Federal Housing Administration (FHA)-sponsored Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECMs).
FHA’s HECM program already requires counseling prior to the closing of a reverse mortgage from agencies approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and HUD requirements dictate that “clients may receive telephone counseling unless such counseling is prohibited in their state.”
“[W]e further note that, as of today, it appears that only […] six counseling agencies in New Jersey are approved by HUD to provide reverse mortgage counseling,” NRMLA wrote.
NRMLA also points out that an in-person counseling requirement is not imposed by FHA or HUD for HECM loans, and that such a requirement in New Jersey would “have the unintended consequence of decreasing the availability of reverse mortgage counseling while simultaneously imposing unnecessary hardships on New Jersey seniors seeking a reverse mortgage loan,” the letter stated.
Turner explained that she would be happy to meet with NRMLA or any other organization that either supports or opposes any legislation she introduces.
“I always meet with everybody,” she said. “Not just those who support my bill but also those that oppose it. And hopefully, we can find common ground and everybody wins.”
In-person hurdles
An in-person counseling requirement remains law in Massachusetts, which contributed to the halting of reverse mortgage business throughout the state at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic due to stay-at-home orders handed down by then-Gov. Charlie Baker (R) in an effort to arrest the spread of the virus.
Soon afterward, an emergency bill passed by the Massachusetts Legislature relaxed the in-person counseling requirement, particularly due to the susceptibility of older people to the effects of illness caused by COVID-19. Since that point, the legislature has considered permanently rescinding the in-person counseling requirement, citing post-pandemic challenges and a limited supply of HUD-approved counselors who serve the full state.
A permanent solution has not yet materialized, however, with the legislature instead opting for temporary extensions of the relaxed rule. The current extension is scheduled to expire at the end of March 2024.
Comparisons to Massachusetts
Reverse mortgage industry veteran George Downey of The Federal Savings Bank in Braintree, Massachusetts, has been a key figure in the industry’s efforts to change the law within that state. He offered his personal opinion on the New Jersey matter.
“Clearly, this is another well-intended but misguided initiative,” Downey said an interview, comparing the proposed New Jersey bill to the in-person provision in his state. “But in addition to the logistical reasons, attorneys I’ve spoken with agree with my opinion that the issue of disparate impact under the American Disabilities Act and Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) could be a consideration.”
Disparate impact provisions in U.S. law refer to practices that may adversely affect one group of people within a protected class more than another, even though rules applied are ostensibly or formally neutral.
“As you bear down on this in-person counseling issue, it puts a protected class at a distinct disadvantage by requiring them to assume additional cost,” Downey said, primarily referring to transportation. Downey has had personal experience with disabled clients who had to shoulder high costs to reach an in-person counseling appointment.
“Just as easily, the counseling could have been accomplished with a phone call,” he said.
Looking for the best summer jobs for teachers? Teachers, just like students, really enjoy the summer break. It’s a great time for them to relax and feel refreshed. But, this break can also be a chance for teachers to make extra money and even start a new business. I know many, many teachers who have…
Looking for the best summer jobs for teachers?
Teachers, just like students, really enjoy the summer break. It’s a great time for them to relax and feel refreshed. But, this break can also be a chance for teachers to make extra money and even start a new business.
I know many, many teachers who have side hustles in the summer. From part-time gigs to full-time summer businesses, there are many side jobs for teachers that you may want to try out.
Best Summer Jobs for Teachers
There are many summer jobs for teachers listed below. If you want to skip the list, here are some jobs that you may want to start learning more about first:
Flexible way to freelance – Proofreading
Side job for teachers from home – Blogging
How to make passive income as a teacher – Sell printables
Work as much or as little as you want – Flea market flipping
Creative job idea – Dog treat baker
Side job for teachers in summer – Grocery shopper
Camp counselor – If you love the outdoors, being a camp educator can be both rewarding and enjoyable, combining teaching with adventure activities.
Summer school teacher – Many schools have summer classes where you can continue teaching.
1. Teach summer school
One clear way for teachers to earn extra money in the summer is by teaching summer school.
It’s a good way to use your teaching abilities and make some additional income. The best part is that summer school happens during your summer break (big surprise, right?!), so it fits well with your schedule when you’re already off from regular school.
To start, check with your local school districts. A lot of them have summer school programs, and they usually share job opportunities on their websites or local education job boards.
2. Sell educational printables
Selling educational printables is a way for teachers to earn extra money. It’s especially good for those who want to make passive income as a teacher.
Your materials, like worksheets, lesson plans, and activities, are helpful to other teachers and parents looking for high-quality educational content.
Some places to sell your educational printables include:
Teachers Pay Teachers(TPT) – This is a popular site where millions of teachers buy and sell original educational resources.
Etsy – This site is known for handmade items, but also is a great place for selling educational materials and printables.
Educational printables include things like math problems, vocabulary cards, and science experiments. They’re useful for different grades, age groups, and learning goals, making it simple to improve regular teaching or homeschooling. You can share these resources online or print them for in-person classes too.
Recommended reading: How I Make $400,000 Per Year Selling Educational Printables.
Do you want to make money selling printables online? This free training will give you great ideas on what you can sell, how to get started, the costs, and how to make sales.
3. Flip used items for resale
Trying your hand at flipping items from flea markets and thrift shops can be a fun and money-making summer job for you as a teacher.
Flippers are people who find items at flea markets, yard sales, and thrift stores that are priced lower than their actual value. They then sell these items for a profit.
The summer is a great time to do this because there are typically a lot of yard sales, flea markets, and people just in general decluttering more (so you may find more things that people are giving away), where you can find items to resell.
Some items that you can buy and resell include clothing, antique furniture, collectible toys, sports equipment, electronics, rare books, jewelry, and more.
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This free workshop will teach you how to get into the flipping business. It will teach you how to resell furniture, electronics, appliances, and anything else you can find.
4. Tutor
During the summer, your teaching skills are still needed. Tutoring can be a flexible and fulfilling summer job that lets you work with students one-on-one either online or in person.
You may be able to tutor on subjects like math, foreign language, science, and more. You also may be tutoring kids, teenagers, or even adults.
To begin, you can look for tutoring jobs on online tutoring sites like Tutor.com. You can also sell in-person local tutoring sessions by reaching out to tutoring companies nearby or advertising your services on social media or in local Facebook parent groups for your area.
5. Camp counselor
Becoming a camp counselor could be a rewarding experience for you in the summer. In this job, you’d guide groups of children through indoor and outdoor activities, as well as educational programs at summer camps.
Your daily tasks would include keeping campers safe, organizing games, and giving both educational and emotional support.
Summer camps come in different types, ranging from general adventure camps to specialized ones focusing on sports, arts, or science.
6. Freelance bookkeeping gigs
If you like numbers and you’re a teacher, online bookkeeping can be a way to spend your summer.
A bookkeeper is someone who assists in managing and tracking the financial aspects of a business. They usually keep records of sales, track expenses, and generate financial reports.
People with virtual bookkeeping jobs work from home, handling their responsibilities remotely. Virtual bookkeeping is a great choice for remote work as all tasks can be completed online or with computer software, eliminating the need to go into an office physically.
Recommended reading: How To Find Online Bookkeeping Jobs
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This free training will teach you what you need to know to become a virtual bookkeeper and make money from home.
7. Swim instructor
If you’re a teacher who loves the water, becoming a swim instructor for the summer could be the perfect seasonal job for you. Your educational background gives you the ability to communicate and manage classes, which are important skills for teaching swimming.
To find swim instructor jobs:
Look on websites like Craigslist or Facebook for listings, including summer-specific roles.
Check out local community centers, pools, and summer camps.
Networking can help, so let friends and professional contacts know you’re looking.
Another job similar to this would be to become a lifeguard at a local pool.
8. Tour guide for local attractions
As a teacher, your ability to tell stories and lead can be very useful for a summer job as a tour guide. Your skill in explaining things well makes you a great choice to share history and local stories with visitors.
Check out jobs at museums, historical places, or become an ambassador for your city by guiding people to discover hidden treasures.
9. Pet care jobs
If you’re a teacher who loves animals, you may want to look into summer jobs in pet care, like being a dog walker or pet sitter. Your caring skills can easily transition to taking good care of furry friends while students are on break.
Rover is a website that connects pet owners with pet sitters and dog walkers. You can choose to do this job on weekends throughout the year or only open your schedule during the summer months – it’s your choice.
Starting on Rover is simple – you create a profile sharing your experience with pets and the services you can offer, such as dog walking, pet sitting, and house sitting.
After that, customers will send you requests, and you can discuss pricing. Rover handles the payment process, and you’ll get paid directly into your account.
Recommended reading: 7 Best Dog Walking Apps To Make Extra Money
10. Test prep instructor
As a teacher, your knowledge of academic subjects is very helpful, especially in the summer. Becoming a test prep instructor can be a great chance to help students in getting ready for their exams and earn extra money.
Test prep instructor jobs include subjects like math and English, and they cater to different education levels, from elementary school to college.
11. Sell your lesson plans
Teachers Pay Teachers (TPT) is a website made just for educators to buy and sell educational items, and it’s a well-liked side hustle for teachers. If you’ve created lesson plans, worksheets, or other teaching tools for your class, you can share them on TPT and make some extra income.
The school year may be over for you, but that doesn’t mean that you can’t create and sell lesson plans – these are bought year-round!
You can sell:
Lesson plans and unit studies
Worksheets and printable activities
PowerPoint presentations and interactive notebooks
Posters, charts, and visual aids
On Teachers Pay Teachers, the typical teacher can earn around an extra $300 to $500. However, some teachers make hundreds of thousands of dollars extra each year.
12. Coach a school sport
If you love sports and you’re a teacher, coaching a school sport during the summer might be a great match for your skills and interests.
Coaching a school sport is a great option within your own school district, as many schools need help with their sports teams. You can try coaching sports like soccer, basketball, volleyball, and track and field. Additionally, there are opportunities with after-school clubs such as yearbook, chess, choir, and more that can be a teacher’s side hustle.
13. Run a dog bakery
Beginning a dog bakery can be an enjoyable side job for teachers who adore both dogs and baking. By creating treats for dogs such as cupcakes, cookies, cakes, and more, you can earn an additional $500 to $1,000, or even more, each month.
Recommended reading: How I Make $4,000 Per Month Baking Dog Treats (With Zero Baking Experience!).
14. Sell handmade goods on Etsy
Etsy is a popular online marketplace that connects makers and shoppers looking for unique handmade goods. If you’re a teacher with a creative side, this could be a great site for you to showcase and sell your crafts during the summer months.
Some examples of what you can sell on Etsy that are related to school include:
Educational games and activities
Educational materials like lesson planners and printable worksheets
Handcrafted classroom decorations or educational games
Personalized items such as bookmarks, nameplates, or tote bags
But, you don’t have to only sell teaching-related items. You can sell many other things such as furniture, clothing, jewelry, soap, home decor, and more.
15. Work at a restaurant
Many teachers work part-time or full-time at a restaurant during the summer as servers, hosts, bartenders, and kitchen staff.
Working in restaurants can fit teachers well since they have flexible hours that can match your open summer schedule, and you can leave the job easily once school resumes in the fall.
I know many, many people who have done this, and I would say this is one of the top summer jobs for teachers.
16. Proofread
As a teacher, you likely excel at proofreading and can easily catch mistakes. Using these skills, proofreading can be a fantastic side job. By proofreading, you can help authors, website owners, students, and others in their writing while earning extra income.
Even the best writers can overlook errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. That’s why having a proofreader can be helpful for nearly everyone.
You can usually set your own hours, which is perfect for the irregular schedules you might have.
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This free 76-minute workshop answers all of the most common questions about how to become a proofreader, and even talks about the 5 signs that proofreading could be a perfect fit for you.
17. House sit
House sitting is a good option for teachers looking to make extra income during the summer months because a lot of people take vacations in the summer. As a house sitter, you are typically responsible for maintaining someone’s home while they are away. This can include watering plants, collecting mail, and making sure the house remains secure.
People hire house sitters to make sure their homes aren’t left empty, as a visible presence can discourage potential thefts.
To begin house sitting, you can join house-sitting websites to find gigs in your area or ask for referrals from friends and family. Starting with people you know for house-sitting and then using their references can expand your job search.
18. Blog
Blogging can be an enjoyable way for you, as a teacher, to earn extra money from home. Many teachers run blogs, and it makes sense – you can blog when you have free time, without sticking to a strict schedule.
To start your blog, first, pick a topic you’re passionate about, maybe something related to your teaching field or a hobby you enjoy. There are plenty of different niche ideas such as personal finance, travel, food, home, pets, and so much more.
You can earn money as a blogger through ways like:
Affiliate marketing – Share links to products or services related to your blog topic and earn a commission for sales made through your referral links.
Advertising – Add display ads or sponsored posts on your blog.
Courses and ebooks – Create courses or ebooks in your expertise area and sell them through your blog.
Learn more at How To Start A Blog FREE Course.
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Want to see how I built a $5,000,000 blog?
In this free course, I show you how to create a blog, from the technical side to earning your first income and attracting readers.
19. Freelance writing
If you’re looking for remote summer jobs for teachers, then becoming a freelance writer can be a great option.
Freelance writers create content for blogs, websites, magazines, newspapers, advertising companies, and more. You can find writing jobs on platforms like Upwork and Fiverr. Also, you can find clients independently by reaching out to websites you are interested in writing for.
I have been a freelance writer for years, and it all started as a side hustle. This is a great side hustle because you can choose to work as much or as little as you want, such as if you are only looking to do freelance writing in the summer months when you are not teaching at a school.
Recommended reading: 14 Places To Find Beginner Freelance Writing Jobs
20. Transcribe
An online transcriptionist’s role involves listening to video or audio files and typing out the content they hear. Various types of transcriptionists exist, including legal, general, and medical transcriptionists.
This job demands solid typing and listening skills, and the flexibility to work from home on your schedule. Transcriptionists typically earn an average of $15 to $30 per hour.
This is another great side hustle because you can choose to work as much or as little as you want, such as if you are only looking to make extra money during the summer months.
I recommend signing up for FREE Workshop: Is a Career in Transcription Right for You? You’ll learn how to get started as a transcriptionist, how you can find transcription work, and more.
Recommended reading: 18 Best Beginner Online Transcription Jobs To Make $2,000 Monthly
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In this free training, you will learn what transcription is, why it’s a highly in-demand skill, who hires transcriptionists, how to become a transcriptionist, and more.
21. Rent out an unused room in your home
If you have a spare room in your house, you might want to try renting it out over the summer. Platforms such as Airbnb or Vrbo make it easy for you.
I have rented out rooms to others in the past, and it has been a great way to make extra money. If you live in a touristy area, this could even be a gig that you only do in the summers and earn enough to cover your bills or at least pay for some of them.
22. Rent your garage space
If you have available storage space like a garage, driveway, closet, basement, or attic, you might consider renting it out to make extra money. This can be a profitable side hustle without requiring much of your spare time.
Neighbor is a platform where you can list your extra space for rent and potentially earn up to $15,000 per year.
This is a gig that may take up more than just your summer because typically people may store their stuff more long-term. But, you may find some people who only need to store things a few months at a time or perhaps you can also try to turn this into a year-round side hustle.
Recommended reading: Neighbor Review: Make Money Renting Your Storage Space
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You can use this website to list your unused space for rent and make up to $15,000 per year by doing so. With Neighbor, you can rent out your garage, driveway, basement, parking lot, shed, warehouse, carport, attic, street parking, or even a closet.
23. Teach English as a second language
If you’re a teacher looking for a seasonal opportunity, teaching English as a second language (ESL) during the summer can be a rewarding experience.
Many institutions are looking to hire for ESL teaching jobs, ranging from local schools to international language camps and online platforms. Here’s how you can get started and what you might expect:
Typically, ESL teachers need a bachelor’s degree and a teaching credential like TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) certification. Some positions abroad might have additional requirements.
24. Answer online surveys
If you’re looking for a flexible way to earn extra cash during the summer, answering online surveys could be a great fit. Companies are always in search of genuine feedback to improve their products or services, and your opinions are valuable.
Now, this won’t be a full-time job, but you share your thoughts and can make extra money or free gift cards on your own schedule.
The survey companies I recommend are:
Swagbucks
User Interviews – These are the highest paying surveys with the average being around $60 for an hour of your time.
Branded Surveys
American Consumer Opinion
Pinecone Research
PrizeRebel
InboxDollars
Recommended reading: 18 Best Paid Survey Sites To Make $100+ Per Month
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User Interviews pays very well for market research studies and these are some of the highest paying online surveys, with each paying $50 to $100 or more. The average pays over $60.
25. Mystery shop
Companies hire mystery shoppers to gain insights into their customers’ experiences. They seek genuine opinions on products, feedback on customer treatment, evaluations of phone call interactions, and more. Mystery shoppers play a key role in providing valuable feedback to companies.
This is a great summer side hustle for teachers because you can simply pick up mystery shopping jobs when you need them. So, it’s completely okay and normal to only accept jobs during the summer.
Here’s what mystery shoppers do:
Visit businesses anonymously.
Complete specific tasks, such as purchasing a product or asking questions.
Record your observations.
Provide a detailed report on your experience.
I have done many secret shopping jobs over the years, and I often got mystery shops that provided me with $100 to cover a free dinner.
Recommended reading: How To Become A Mystery Shopper
26. Find gigs on Craigslist
Craigslist can be a goldmine for finding great summer jobs for teachers. It’s a site where individuals and businesses post quick jobs to make extra money.
You can find these gigs by going to the Craigslist website for your city or area. Right on the home page, you’ll spot a section labeled “Gigs.” This is where short-term job offers are posted, ranging from labor-intensive tasks to more skill-specific roles.
Here are some jobs I have found in the past on Craigslist:
Moving boxes to a new house
Deep cleaning a home
Putting together new furniture out of a box
Taking down a shed in a backyard
Handyman
Movie extra
Event parking help
27. Deliver groceries with Instacart
If you’re a teacher looking for flexible summer jobs for teachers, try delivering groceries with Instacart.
Grocery delivery services, like Instacart, are in demand as more people prefer having someone else do their grocery shopping.
Becoming a personal grocery shopper with services like Instacart can earn you an average of $15 to $20 per hour for delivering groceries. You’re paid per order, and you get to keep 100% of your tips. The flexibility allows teachers to choose their schedules, working in the evenings, on weekends, or even exclusively during the summer.
Recommended reading: Instacart Shopper Review: How much do Instacart Shoppers earn?
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Instacart is a popular website for people looking to earn extra money shopping for and delivering groceries. Instacart gives you the option to turn your free time into a chance to make some extra money.
28. Real estate agent
If you’re a teacher looking for a productive way to spend your summer months, you may consider becoming a real estate agent.
Some teachers work as real estate agents alongside their full-time teaching jobs. This is possible because you can list and sell homes during weekends, breaks, evenings, and over the summer.
However, selling homes may have some challenges, as clients may occasionally require your full attention during the day, and you might be occupied with teaching. This is something to consider before getting into real estate as a side job.
29. Virtual assistant
If you’re a teacher looking for a flexible summer job that pays well, becoming a virtual assistant (VA) could be a perfect fit. As a VA, you can use your organizational skills and attention to detail to help businesses and entrepreneurs from the comfort of your home.
Some examples of what a VA does include:
Email management – Keep inboxes organized and respond to emails on behalf of your clients.
Scheduling – Manage calendars, arrange meetings, and send reminders.
File organization – Keep digital files in order using online tools like Google Drive or Dropbox.
Recommended reading: Best Ways To Find Virtual Assistant Jobs
30. Drive for Uber or Lyft
Driving for Uber or Lyft can give you a flexible way to earn money during your summer break.
You get to set your own hours and work as much or as little as you desire, meaning you can align this job with your summer plans.
31. Library assistant
As a teacher, your skills are a natural fit for a summer position as a library assistant. Libraries often seek additional staff during the summer months, providing a great opportunity for you to engage in a role that supports literacy and learning in a calm environment.
Your job may include doing things such as:
Organizing books – Keeping the library orderly and materials easy to access
Circulation desk duties – Checking books in and out for people
Helping library users – Helping visitors find books and resources, and answering inquiries
You can simply contact libraries near you to see if they are hiring.
32. Driver’s ed teacher
Teaching driving lessons to teenagers and adults is a popular side hustle for teachers. If you’re interested, you can check if the high school near you needs a teacher for this subject. Alternatively, reach out to a local driving school to inquire about potential teaching opportunities.
Driving instructors make around $20 an hour more or less, depending on where you live.
Back when I was in high school, I actually took my driver’s ed course at my high school in the summer. It was an easy summer credit, and I also got a discount on my car insurance. One of the teachers taught this course and it seemed fairly easy (other than having to deal with a bunch of us high school students over the summer who were wanting to learn how to drive, ha!).
33. Babysitting
Babysitting can be a side job for teachers, and depending on your location, you might earn around $15 to $25 per hour. Parents tend to prefer hiring teachers as babysitters due to their extensive experience with children.
Becoming a babysitter can be a great way to make extra money in the summer as well, as you can choose to sign up for babysitting jobs that are only during this time.
Plus, many families need extra help during the summer because school is not in session, but the parents still have to work. That is where you come in!
Another job similar to this would be elderly companion care.
Frequently Asked Questions
Below are answers to common questions about finding summer jobs for teachers.
Do teachers still make money during the summer?
Yes, many teachers do receive income during the summer, especially if their annual salary is distributed over 12 months. However, if you’re paid only for the months you work, looking for summer employment can supplement your income during this period. Not all teachers have summer gigs, but those who want to make income in addition to their teacher salaries may try to find something in the summer.
What is the best summer job for a teacher?
The best summer job for a teacher often capitalizes on their skill set. Positions like tutoring, educational program coordination, or teaching summer school are highly relevant options. Teachers might also consider roles in curriculum development or educational content creation.
What jobs exist for substitute teachers looking for summer employment?
Substitute teachers can find summer jobs in other educational roles, such as tutoring, mentoring, or working in summer camps. Many community centers and educational institutions also look for qualified professionals to lead summer workshops or help with childcare programs.
What are some summer jobs for teachers from home?
Teachers looking for summer jobs from home can find opportunities such as online tutoring or virtual summer school teaching. Other side gig ideas include writing content for websites, blogging, transcribing, and more.
Best Summer Jobs for Teachers – Summary
I hope you enjoyed this article on the best summer jobs for teachers.
As you can see, there are many ways to make extra money over your summer vacation.
Teachers have lots of options during the summer. They can stick with education by teaching summer school or tutoring. Or, they can try something new like being a camp counselor or giving local tours.
Teachers who like trying out new things might sell educational printables, sell things for profit, or sell services like pet care or freelance writing.
What do you think are the best jobs for teachers in the summer?
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Master self-employment taxes and avoid common tax mistakes with expert strategies for managing your finances year-round.
How do self-employed taxes work? What are some common tax mistakes self-employed people make? And can you really write off payments on a luxury vehicle if you use it for work purposes? Hosts Sean Pyles and Elizabeth Ayoola discuss the intricacies of self-employment taxes and strategies for financial success and IRS compliance to help you understand how to navigate tax season as an independent worker.
CPA and financial strategist Krystal Todd joins them to delve further into the details of self-employment taxes, with tips and tricks on budgeting for personal and professional life, the importance of making quarterly tax payments, and whether to DIY taxes or hire a professional. They also discuss strategies like depreciating assets, the benefits of hiring family members, and navigating the complexities of tax deductions.
Plus: financial strategies for handling unexpected income and managing self-employment taxes, the importance of setting aside funds for unexpected expenses, and the advantages of timing revenue recognition and prepaying expenses for tax benefits.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
As Ben Franklin himself said, in this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes. Taxes, as we all know, can be wildly confusing, and that goes double when an employer isn’t there to help.
Krystal Todd:
We need quarterly payments just of you estimating how much you think you’ll be paying in taxes, and then at the end of the year when you actually file your taxes, they’ll make adjustments based on whatever credits and deductions you’re eligible for, what you’ve already paid, and then you’ll see what you net.
Sean Pyles:
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money Podcast. I’m Sean Pyles.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
And I’m Elizabeth Ayoola.
Sean Pyles:
Today we bring you episode two of our nerdy deep dive into self-employment. In our last episode, we talked about the importance of budgeting when you’re working for yourself. Obviously here at Smart Money we think it’s a good idea for everyone to budget, but especially if you’re self-employed, you’re going to need to budget for both your personal life and your professional life.
So in this episode, we’re going to answer the most important tax questions self-employed people have, like how do self-employed taxes even work? Is it better to DIY your taxes or hire a pro? And can you really write off payments on a luxury vehicle if you use it for work purposes? Welcome to tax season.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Womp womp. My favorite part of tax season is when it’s over. Thankfully, I’m getting better at taxes every year and I’m also learning to outsource. Shout out to my tax person. Anyways, yes, it’s February and it’s tax time for all of us. And if you’re a gig worker, freelancer, contractor, or other solo entrepreneur, you need to make sure that you’re doing all the heavy lifting an employer would usually do for you. And you have to do that to avoid mistakes and IRS penalties. Hopefully those who aren’t new to self-employment have withheld enough quarterly taxes throughout the year so they’re not hit with an IRS penalty. New listeners who are about to dip their toes into self-employment are about to learn about how self-employed taxes work.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, that is no bueno. I know people who, when they started freelancing, had no idea that they were supposed to be paying taxes all year long quarterly instead of saving up for a big payment at the end of the year. The IRS does not look kindly on that, even if it ends up that you overpaid. And by people here, I am absolutely referring to myself because I once found myself in a world of tax hurt back when I was a contractor, and that is a lesson I shall not soon forget.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
It’s good to know I’m not alone, Sean, because I’ve been there too and it wasn’t fine.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth Ayoola:
It hurts. It’s a heartbreak.
Sean Pyles:
All right, well, we want to hear what you think too, listeners. To share your ideas and questions around self-employment with us, leave us a voicemail or text the Nerd Hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. Or email a voice memo to [email protected].
So Elizabeth, who are we hearing from today?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Today we’re going to be chatting with Krystal Todd. She happens to be a certified public accountant, a financial strategist, a money mentor and an entrepreneur. Her resume puts her in a good position to give us the juicy details we need on self-employed taxes.
Sean Pyles:
That’s coming up in a moment. Stay with us.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Hi Krystal. Thank you for coming onto the podcast.
Krystal Todd:
Yes, thank you so much for having me. Really excited to talk taxes. This is my bread and butter. I love talking about anything money, really.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
No, I’m with you. I’m not going to lie, I do not love taxes, but I do love to understand taxes because I don’t want to pay the IRS more than I have to pay them.
Krystal Todd:
Oh, no. That’s why I’m here.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Another tax year is upon us, and I think this information is going to be super helpful. So with that said, I’m going to jump straight into the first question I have for you, which is how do self-employed taxes work? And I know this is a big question, but I know I learned the hard way about self-employed taxes and I learned that they’re higher than what you pay when you’re working a traditional job with an employer.
So I want you to tell us why self-employed taxes are higher, especially when the government seems to provide so many incentives for small business owners.
Krystal Todd:
So it’s a double whammy because not only is it higher because we’re paying both sides of the employer tax, but we also have to pay it ourselves. So if you’re coming from a W-2 world into self-employment world, normally in W-2 world, it’s all handled for you. The biggest difference is that you’re having to have full control over paying your taxes, paying quarterly, whereas a W-2, you’re paying every paycheck. It doesn’t feel like that, but that’s what’s going on. And then the self-employment tax. So typically with your W-2 employee, you’ll pay half that piece and then your employer pays half of it, but because you’re self-employed, you are the employee and the employer, so you’re paying 15% in taxes.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
That 15%, I remember the first time I saw it and whipped out my calculator and I was like, “Wait, what? This was a chunk of money.” So I was a little unpleasantly shocked by that number.
Krystal Todd:
Yeah, there is a way to get around it.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Tell me, tell me.
Krystal Todd:
If you’re just starting out, maybe it wouldn’t be most beneficial. It does depend, and of course you have to always throw a disclaimer out there. Everyone’s situation is different. I’m a CPA, but not your personal CPA, so take everything I’m saying as little seeds of wisdom to go research.
When you’re first starting out, maybe you don’t have your EIN, which is just basically your social security for your business, employee identification number. So it’s like your social security number but for your business, because businesses are their own entity. But when you’re first starting out, maybe you’re not doing all of that. So if you’re in the sole proprietor category, which means you’re just working for yourself, you hired yourself, maybe the next level up is LLC, limited liability company. So you’ve gone ahead and filed for that LLC so you have some protection, but you’re still going to be paying a lot of taxes.
It’s not until you get into the S Corp. And of course there’s a couple of qualifications there, but once you get into S Corp, you can actually pay yourself as a W-2 employee in your business. And then that’s how you circumvent that self-employed tax because even though it’s your business, you’re an employee of the business so it looks like a W-2. And the benefit of that too is especially if you’re self-employed, and I know some people have felt me on this, if you’re trying to get a loan for a car, once they see you’re self-employed, guns are blazing, right? They’re ready to ask you all types of questions. You have to provide so much information. As an S Corp, if you’re paying yourself, you’re going to receive a W-2 from your business so they don’t have to know it’s your business. They just see W-2 and no questions asked. There are some benefits to having an S Corp for sure.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
By the way, for everyone listening, we’re going to go a lot deeper into the different business structures in a subsequent episode, so don’t worry. We’re going to touch on that some more.
So now back to taxes. I know estimated taxes are something that I now do. Didn’t do before, but I remember when I was first researching self-employment taxes, that came up a lot. But I thought, “Hey, I can just pay it in one lump sum,” and I didn’t really dig deeper to read all of the fine details. Can you explain to us what estimated taxes are and how exactly it worked?
Krystal Todd:
Of course. So as I mentioned previously, as a W-2 employee, you’re paying taxes every single pay period. So you don’t necessarily have to worry about that, but as a self-employed individual, you’re not paying any taxes. So what the government has said is, “You’re not off the hook.” You’re not going to pay just one time at the end of the year. We need quarterly payments just of you estimating how much you think you’ll be paying in taxes, and then at the end of the year when you actually file your taxes, they’ll make adjustments based on whatever credits and deductions you’re eligible for, what you’ve already paid, and then you’ll see what you net.
So it’s crucial to pay quarterly taxes, and you can use things out there that help you track your expenses and your income and can even help you calculate that too, so you don’t have to necessarily do it all on your own.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Absolutely. So tell us, when are the self-employed taxes due and what happens if you don’t pay them?
Krystal Todd:
Yes, they’re quarterly. If you don’t pay them quarterly or they realize that you haven’t paid enough, you will get fined. You don’t have to end up in jail if it was a legitimate accident, so you’ll be fine, but you will get penalized and it can be a little costly. So definitely make sure that you are just getting that done ahead of time. It’s a fresh new year, so new opportunities to make sure we’re staying on target.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Yes. And for those who maybe are listening and unfortunately missed out on paying quarterly taxes and maybe in April are going to end up being hit with a bill, are there any options in terms of how they can pay it if they don’t have that lump sum cash?
Krystal Todd:
It depends on your situation. Sometimes the IRS will say, “No, you need to make this payment,” and sometimes they’ll work with you depending on the amount. So it does depend on your circumstances.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
What was this I heard about that you can sometimes do a payment plan with the IRS. So is this true?
Krystal Todd:
Yeah, no, it’s true. It’s true. I think it just depends on, like I said, your circumstances. Maybe there’s situations where if you had issues before, they’re a little bit more strict on you, but you can make payments.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
So now we want to get into the mistakes so other people can learn from those mistakes. So what are some common mistakes that you see clients make when it comes to paying their self-employed taxes? So for me, for example, I just wasn’t good at bookkeeping initially. I had my money in too many different accounts, so it was overwhelming when tax season came around to see what my deductions were and just basically my income. So as a CPA, tell us maybe two or three common mistakes you see people make.
Krystal Todd:
The common mistake by far is not making sure that they’re taking all the deductions and credits that they’re actually eligible for. So ultimately, a lot of people will think about taxes as a January through April situation, but it’s a year-round thing. Tax planning is almost more important than actually tax preparation. You want to think about the whole year and ways you can save money, different things you could probably invest in to bring your taxes down. So missing out on tax planning and then trying to just rush everything towards the end of the year is by far the biggest mistake. I’ll see people scrambling for receipts, looking back, and a lot of times if you’re just starting out, typically maybe they won’t have a separate business account as well.
Depreciation is the biggest one that I think people miss out on, not only for things like Airbnb in your home, but also your car. If you’re doing Uber or Lyft, you can get credit for the wear and tear on your car. If you have a computer or any devices that you have, those things are also depreciable or you can actually fully deduct them in certain cases. I definitely think that you should be empowered and doing it yourself, but if your taxes are getting complicated, you’d want to make sure that you’re leaning on a tax professional who will catch those expenses because a lot of people are paying too much.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Thanks for sharing all of those incredible ways that people can reduce their taxes. Can you tell me about some other deductions or ways that people can reduce their self-employed taxes?
Krystal Todd:
Yeah, so a really neat one is making sure you hire your family in any capacity that you can. Now, of course, there’s some caveats here. You have to make sure you’re paying them a reasonable wage. So if they’re just an administrator, you can’t pay them multiple six figures. It has to be reasonable, but to the extent that it’s reasonable, you can actually hire them on. And I especially love this with kids.
So as an example of my own life, I hire my daughter and she’ll help me with my videos, she’ll help me with setup. She helps me with product development, and she’s been featured in a few of my videos online. So I will pay her. She’s a 1099 worker, so it’s not a W-2, so it’s simple. I just have to give her a check, and what I love about that is that I get to reduce my taxes, and this is more like W-2, but either way, we all get a standard deduction.
If I pay my child up to the standard deduction amount, which was just a little over $13,000 for 2023. If I pay her $13,000, I get to reduce my taxable income by that same $13,000. She pays no taxes on it because of the standard deduction, which basically is the IRS giving you some credits for having a kid or just whatever else is happening in life. They say, “Here’s just one flat rate. You just take that.” So she doesn’t pay taxes on that, and then I can put it into a custodial IRA for her and it’ll grow tax-free because it’s Roth. You’re saving money, they’re not paying any taxes, I mean, that’s a really good tax loophole there.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
For sure, for sure. And speaking of which, since we’re on the topic of deductions, I know sometimes people go a little over the top with these deductions, forgetting that the IRS does audit people. I know recently I’ve seen something floating around on social media about being able to buy a Mercedes Benz, also known as G-Wagon, and write it off using your taxes. And the rules for this are really complicated, so make sure to work with the CPA if you’re thinking about doing it. So is this true? And if it is, what is the catch?
Krystal Todd:
There are some caveats. It must be used in business. You can’t just buy a G-Wagon, you never drive in it. If you’re a realtor, for example, that might make sense. You have an image. If you’re a realtor, you’re selling million-dollar homes, you want to look the part. That might make sense. But if you’re a content creator working at home, you never go in the car to do anything, you cannot do that. In the eyes of the IRS that is illegal, so you have to make sure that it’s being used for business use. It doesn’t have to be exclusively, but if it is half business, half personal, you’ll have to adjust your taxes to account for that.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
So sorry to get into the nitty-gritty, but when you say business use, someone might say, “Oh, I have a meeting, I don’t know, once a month, and I’m driving it to my meeting.” A content creator. Does the IRS get into the details of how frequently you’re using the car?
Krystal Todd:
Yes, and the location. So if you’re driving from your home to a meeting, that doesn’t count. It’s only if you’re going from, let’s say, your primary job to your second job. Then that could actually be considered a deductible expense. So yeah, they’re very particular about what you’re using it for, where you’re driving from, and if you get audited, you better be prepared.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
So can you tell us, on that note, some major red flags or even myths that you hear of when it comes to tax deductions?
Krystal Todd:
Yes. I think that people think they could just deduct anything because it’s eligible. The government makes you go through hoops, especially after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act where the standard deduction was doubled. They’re really trying hard to make you just take the standard deduction and just take that and go.
If you’re saying, “No, I’ve had more than $13,000 worth of expenses,” you might have. That doesn’t mean they’re all going to be eligible. So for example, for health costs that you’ve spent, maybe you spent $10,000 in health expenses for this year, but the government does not give you dollar for dollar, and if you take that, it has to be itemized. So you might do all this work trying to itemize your deductions and you were better off taking the standard deduction because they make you go through a lot of different hoops. There’s percentages, there’s phase-outs if you’re making a certain amount of money. So it’s super, super nuanced, and just circling back to what we talked about earlier as far as DIY goes, if you’re in that situation, unless you’re going to really put the effort into research, you probably are better off just getting someone who already has done this before and they’re comfortable with it because of all those different nuanced requirements that they have.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
So in the spirit of… Well, I don’t want to say in the spirit of getting audited because I don’t think anyone wants to get audited, but just in case, give us some bookkeeping tips. I’m still refining my bookkeeping because it’s just not my strong area, but what are some bookkeeping tips so that if the IRS comes knocking, people are ready?
Krystal Todd:
I strongly suggest getting software. If you have a software, you’re able to attach receipts directly to it. They’ll organize it for you. If you’re not someone who’s too familiar with income statements and cash flows and all of that, they prepare those documents for you. That by far has dramatically changed my business. And also having separate accounts. You can’t even imagine how many people will dig through their personal account looking for business expenses. Even if you’re just starting out, from the decision you’ve made to take this business seriously, please get your EIN so you can open up your business bank account, and that way everything is just flowing through one account. Lean on these different tools that will organize it for you and just be sure to keep receipts.
I would say you should be at least monthly. All these billion-dollar corporations, I mean, they’re doing things very frequently, but every single month we are balancing the books, we are going over our expenses and then we’re tax planning. So many people wait until the end of the year and then it just becomes a hassle. So to the extent that you can, get it done monthly. That is the best advice I have so you’re not stressing yourself out during these times.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
We’re in a very tech-savvy age, so how are digital receipts? So every time maybe you make a purchase or whatever, just keeping a digital file of your stuff.
Krystal Todd:
Yes, absolutely. And let’s say maybe you’re not ready for the software. That’s what I was doing when I first started out and I wasn’t too sure. Just a simple folder in your computer would work. Document everything in the moment as it happens, that way nothing is slipping through the cracks and you should be in good shape.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
So the last question I have, because in this series we’re trying to cover people who also have how they can manage your finances when they have inconsistent income. So for someone who has inconsistent income throughout the year, maybe they don’t make as much during the beginning of the year, but let’s say halfway through the year they land a huge contract.
How do they budget then for self-employed taxes or estimated taxes, rather? Because I know that’s based on how much you think you’re going to make, but you don’t always know. So maybe you’ve been underpaying for the first half of the year and then the end of the year comes. How do you manage that?
Krystal Todd:
I always say be as conservative as possible. It’s kind of like a dual opinion I have here because on one end, you don’t want to give the government an interest-free loan. That’s essentially what you’re doing when you get a tax refund. But on the other end, you also don’t want to deal with owing money, maybe being penalized and then having to pay that next year. So to the extent that you can, I would say be as conservative as possible when it comes to paying your taxes. Again, there’s different software that’ll help you establish what you should be paying. When you get that windfall, you weren’t really expecting it, right? So I like to live off of my most conservative amount of money.
So let’s say maybe it’s $10,000 a month. If I made $20,000 a month, I will ignore that $10,000 and put it to the side just because you’ll have that extra cushion to keep you protected in the event that you have a windfall you don’t expect. That happened to me last year, actually. I had quite the windfall and I wasn’t expecting it, but I had practiced what I preach and I had some money to the side, so it was okay. So whenever you get those large sums of money, pretend like you didn’t. Just live conservatively and then once a year is done, once you calculate your taxes and you pay it, then you can enjoy the rest. So it’s delayed gratification.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Oh, I like that as a way of looking at it. And one day when I was complaining about my taxes, I remember someone saying, “The brighter side of that is that you made more money.” So we welcome a windfall, we just have to prepare for those windfalls.
Krystal Todd:
This is a little bit more technical, but something that I love because this again happened to me last year. Let’s say seasonality is something that your company is affected by. Maybe you get a big windfall of purchases or something at the end of the year. In certain circumstances, it might be best to ask them to pay you next year, right?
If you are a cash-basis type of accounting, you won’t get taxed unless you actually receive the money. So maybe you did make that revenue, but if you can have it pushed off to the next year because you didn’t expect that windfall and you don’t want to necessarily deal with the influx of the money you have to pay for those taxes, maybe you can have your customers pay you January 1st or January 2nd. That way you’re not going to be affected by that surprise, and that’s 100% legal. You can delay that or you can bring forward some expenses too.
This only works if, again, you are a cash basis, but if you want to pay something off for the whole year, you’ll be able to deduct that even if the whole year hasn’t actually happened yet. So there’s different ways towards the end of the year to try to get some last minute things in just to further insulate yourself.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Love that. Those are some really, really good tips and a reminder of why it’s good to talk to CPAs. Do you have any final words of wisdom or anything that people might not be thinking about relating to self-employed taxes that you want to share?
Krystal Todd:
Yes. You are the driver. A lot of times people will shy away from it because it is intimidating, but in the age of information that we’re in right now, there is an influx of free information online. This is an example of one of them. Don’t be paralyzed by fear. Really lean into it because the difference between small business, and I really don’t use that word lightly because no matter if you’re small or big, you have to do the same exact stuff. So why even identify with your revenue or the size of your company? But a business is a business, and these larger companies become larger because they are hands-on and they’re very proactive with how they’re managing their money.
So I suggest that you do so too and do not be afraid of delegation. I, in other areas of life, have not delegated, and that is what comes back to haunt you. So you don’t have to do it all on your own. There are free resources, there are paid resources. Definitely make sure you’re just taking advantage of what you can take advantage of and you’re planning so that you can not be surprised with tax bills at the end of the year.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Yes, absolutely. Echoing what Krystal said, you do not have to do it alone, and that is something that has made taxes a lot less daunting for me. Thank you, thank you, thank you, Krystal. This was so informative. I have learned so many new things that I’m going to apply when it comes time to do my self-employed taxes, so thank you. Thank you for coming.
Krystal Todd:
You’re so welcome. Thank you for having me, and good luck everybody in this tax season.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth, I never thought I’d say this, but that was actually a super interesting conversation about taxes. I am someone who was a planner in all aspects of my life, and like Krystal said, planning ahead with your taxes is so key whether you’re finding deductions, hiring your family, or making quarterly tax payments, but also there is a big difference between planning and scheming. I’m so glad that you guys talked about that viral G-Wagon tax hack because I have seen that so many times on TikTok. I have been really worried about people getting themselves into a world of trouble with their taxes.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I’m telling you, on the journey of self-employment, I have realized that there are some things that are not too good to be true, but other things are too good to be true, and I think that’s one of them.
So while taxes can be a snooze fest, I think learning about ways to save and avoid penalties will always grab my attention. I love all the tax saving strategies that Krystal shared, and also the deduction red flags to look out for. I mean, for me, this episode was also a reminder about how important it is to talk to a tax professional who has extensive knowledge, and that’s even if you’re a DIY type person.
I feel more confident about filing my self-employed taxes now because of all the information we just got. But Sean, before we go, I do want to mention one development that we didn’t address with Krystal.
Sean Pyles:
What is that?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Well, starting this year, there’s a new law called the Corporate Transparency Act. And what that says is that anyone with an official business designation, especially a one or two-person LLC, is going to want to be aware of.
This is an effort to stem money laundering and tax evasion in the small business category, and basically you have to file some extra paperwork with the Treasury Department called a Beneficial Ownership Information Report. If you don’t do that, you could be fined $500 and possibly get up to two years jail time, and don’t nobody want two years jail time.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Nobody. So definitely talk to your tax accountant and or your business attorney about that.
Sean Pyles:
Yourself included, Elizabeth. I do not want you to go to jail, so please get this done.
Well, thanks for that information. Elizabeth, please tell us what’s coming up in episode three of this series.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Sean, we are all about getting to retirement here on Smart Money, but saving for it can often be an extra challenge when you are self-employed. We’re going to walk listeners through their options and how to make sure you’re planning for the future, even while you’re going into business for yourself.
Ayesha Selden:
If I can get to 10%, a double-digit percentage of my pay, of my gross pay, my pre-tax pay, I’m in the right ballpark. If you are self-employed, then the onus is on you, of course, to put in everything into your own personal retirement plan.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
For now, that’s all we have for this episode. Do you have a money question of your own? If you do, turn to the Nerds and call or text us your questions at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. You can also visit nerdwallet.com/podcast for more information on this particular episode. And remember to follow, rate, and review us wherever you’re getting this podcast.
Sean Pyles:
This episode was produced by Tess Vigeland. I helped with editing, Courtney Neidel helped with fact checking, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
And here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes, and it may not apply to your specific circumstances.
Sean Pyles:
And with that said, until next time, turn to the Nerds.
Local community developers bidding on foreclosures in the second half of 2023 are signaling a slowdown in U.S. home price appreciation in the first half of 2024, with a rising risk that appreciation will dip back into negative territory. The risk of a double dip in home price appreciation varies substantially by market, even among some markets in the same region and state.
Bidding behavior for foreclosure properties on Auction.com in the first quarter of 2023 reliably predicted a rebound in retail home price appreciation in the third quarter of 2023. That prediction is documented in my last market outlook for HousingWire, published in May.
As anticipated by distressed property bidding behavior, median retail home prices increased on a year-over-year basis for three consecutive months, from July to September, following five consecutive months of year-over-year declines, according to data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR).
Now the same Auction.com bidding behavior is indicating a slowdown, and possible double-dip, in retail home price appreciation over the next six months — particularly in some local markets.
What bidding behavior is signaling a slowdown?
One key bidding behavior metric is the price bidders are willing to pay for distressed properties relative to the estimated after-repair value of those properties. The inverse of this metric is the discount demanded by the bidders — the percentage below estimated after-repair value. This metric is what accurately anticipated the home price rebound in Q3 2023 and what is now anticipating a slowdown — and possible double dip — in home price appreciation in early 2024.
The winning bid of properties purchased at foreclosure auctions in the third quarter of 2023 was 58.6% of the estimated after-repair value of those same properties — or 41.4% below the estimated after-repair value — on average. That 58.6%was down from 59.2% in the second quarter, the first quarterly decrease after two consecutive quarterly increases. The 58.6% was also below the 2019 average of 60.3%, which serves as a good benchmark of the distressed property pricing in a relatively normal real estate market with low single-digit home price appreciation.
Monthly data more clearly shows the downward trend in price demanded by bidders at foreclosure auctions. The ratio of winning bid to after repair value decreased in each month during the third quarter, and it continued to decrease in the first month of the fourth quarter, dropping to 55.5% in October — nearly five points below the 2019 average.
Which local markets are at risk?
Local markets where the winning bid-to-value ratio in the third quarter of 2023 was furthest below 2019 levels (comparing each market to itself) are those most at risk for a double dip in home price appreciation in early 2024.
Among 148 metro areas with sufficient data, 73 (49%) had a winning bid-to- value ratio in Q3 2023 that was lower than it was in Q3 2019. There were 15 markets (10%) with a decrease of at least 10 points in the winning bid-to- value ratio at foreclosure auction, including New Haven, Connecticut, Charlotte, North Carolina, and Los Angeles, California. There were 31 markets (21%) with decreases of at least 5 points, including Austin, Texas, Memphis, Tennessee, and New Orleans, Louisiana.
On the other side of the price risk coin were markets where foreclosure buyers were willing to pay a higher price relative to after-repair value in Q3 2023 than they were in Q3 2019. These markets are more likely to see continuing home price appreciation in early 2024. There were 20 (14%) markets with an increase of at least 10 points in the average winning bid-to-value ratio between Q3 2019 and Q3 2023, including Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Hartford, Connecticut, Wichita, Kansas, Flint, Michigan, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina.