Video above: What does it take to be “middle class” in America
(NEXSTAR) – Despite persistently-high mortgage rates, home prices in U.S. metro areas continue to rise in 2024, new data shows.
Over 90% of metro markets have seen gains in the first quarter of the year, according to the National Association of Realtors, with Illinois taking six of the top 10 spots. The highest year-over-year jump was in Fond du Lac, Wis. (23.7%), with Kankakee, Ill. (22%); Rockford, Ill. (20.1%); Champaign-Urbana, Ill. (20%); and Johnson City, Tenn. (19.3%) rounding out the top five.
Illinois low-income utility assistance programs may get renewed due to bill
The spike in prices in those areas happened as the 30-year fixed mortgage rate ranged from 6.60% to nearly 7%, data from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis shows.
“Astonishingly, greater than 90% of the country’s metro areas experienced home price growth despite facing the highest mortgage rates in two decades,” said NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun. “In the current market, rising prices are the direct result of insufficient housing supply not meeting the full demand.”
In February, 2024 a Zillow report found that the U.S. now has 550 “million-dollar” cities where the average home value is at least $1,000,000. That’s up from 491 at the same time in 2023.
Looking at metropolitan areas – which can include several cities – we see some regions jumping 20% or more year-over-year.
Rank
Metro Area
YOY Increase
1.
Fond du Lac, Wis.
23.7%
2.
Kankakee, Ill.
22.0%
3.
Rockford, Ill.
20.1%
4.
Champaign-Urbana, Ill.
20.0%
5.
Johnson City, Tenn.
19.3%
6.
Racine, Wis.
19.0%
7.
Newark, N.J.-Pa.
18.8%
8.
Bloomington, Ill.
18.5%
9.
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, N.Y.-N.J.
18.4%
10.
Cumberland, Md.-W.Va.
18.2%
(NAR)
When it comes to the overall home price, California markets made up eight of the top 10 most expensive, led by San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. ($1,840,000; 13.7%), Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, Calif. ($1,365,000; 14.2%) and San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, Calif. ($1,300,000; 14%).
“The expensive markets in the West, where home prices declined last year, are roaring back,” Yun said. “Price dips in that region were viewed as second-chance opportunities by many buyers.”
The two non-California markets in the top 10 were Urban Honolulu, Hawaii ($1,085,800; 5.5%); and Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, Fla. ($850,000; 9.4%).
Flight to quality, also known as flight to safety, is when investors shift their assets away from riskier investments — like stocks — into conservative securities – like bonds. This reaction often occurs during turbulent times in the economy or financial markets, and investors want to put their money into relatively safe assets.
Because flight to quality is a term that’s often thrown around in the financial media, investors need to know what it is and how it can potentially impact an investment portfolio. A flight to quality is a short-term trading strategy that might not be ideal for long-term investors. But it’s still important for investors to know how the broader trend may affect the financial markets.
What Causes Flight to Quality?
Economic uncertainty is why investors look to reorient their portfolios away from volatile investments to conservative ones. Moments of economic uncertainty that spook investors can arise for various reasons, including geopolitical conflict, a sudden collapse of a financial institution, or signs of an imminent recession.
A flight to quality usually refers to a widespread phenomenon where investors shift their portfolio asset allocation. This large-scale change in risk sentiment can generally be seen in declines in stock market indices and government bond yields, as investors sell risky stocks to put money into more stable bonds.
Though a flight to quality usually refers to a herd-like behavior of most investors during economic uncertainty, individual investors can make a similar move at any time, depending on their risk tolerance and specific financial situation.
💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.
What Are the Effects of Flight to Quality?
During periods of flight to quality, investors tend to trade higher-risk investments for lower-risk ones. This shift commonly results in a decrease in the price of high-risk assets and boosts the price of lower-risk securities.
As mentioned above, investors can see one effect of a flight to quality in the price of major stock market indices and bond yields, as the market shifts money from the risky stocks to safer bonds.
But a flight to quality doesn’t mean that investors will necessarily shift out of one asset (stocks) into another (bonds). For example, investors worried about the economy might sell growth stocks in favor of more reliable value or blue-chip stocks, pushing the price of the growth stocks down and boosting the price of the blue chips.
💡 Recommended: Value vs. Growth Stocks
A flight to quality may also shift investment from emerging market stocks to domestic stocks or from corporate bonds to government bonds.
In addition to moving funds from stocks to bonds or other assets, investors may also move money into cash and cash-equivalent investments, like money market funds, certificates of deposit, and Treasury bills, during periods of economic uncertainty.
Real-World Example of Flight to Quality
A flight to quality occurred during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic shutdowns in 2020. Investors scrambled to figure out their portfolio positions in the face of an unprecedented global event, selling stocks and putting money into relatively safe assets.
The S&P 500 Index fell nearly 34% from a high on Feb. 19, 2020, to a low on Mar. 23, 2020, as investors sold off equities. But investors didn’t rush to put this money into high-grade corporate and government bonds, as many would have thought in a regular flight to quality. A record $109 billion flowed out of fixed-income mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) during a single week in March 2020. Instead, investors moved capital into cash and cash-like assets during this volatile period in a desire for liquidity.
💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.
The Takeaway
A widespread flight to quality that creates volatility in the financial markets can be scary for many investors. When you see decreases in a portfolio or 401(k), it can be tempting to follow the broader market trends and shift your asset allocation to safer investments. However, this is not always the best choice, especially for investors trying to build long-term wealth.
Flights to quality have happened in the past (such as during the early stages of the pandemic in 2020), and will, in all likelihood, happen again. But even if you don’t get caught up in it, it’s good to know what’s happening in the markets, and why.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.
Photo credit: iStock/svetikd
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.
Obtaining a mortgage with a reduced interest rate is a crucial objective for many prospective homeowners. Getting a good interest rate can save borrowers thousands of dollars over the course of a loan and have a big impact on your financial health.
It takes research and preparation to navigate the complicated world of mortgage rates, but making the effort can pay off with lower monthly payments and significant long-term savings.
What Is the Best Way to Get a Lower Mortgage Rate?
Although there’s no one-size-fits-all approach that will help homebuyers qualify for a mortgage at a reduced mortgage rate, there are a few crucial steps one can take. These include carefully tending your credit score and diligently comparing lenders and financing choices.
This may be especially daunting to first-time homebuyers, but borrowers who learn how to lower their mortgage interest rate can better their chances of long-term financial stability and successful homeownership.
💡 Quick Tip: SoFi’s award-winning mortgage loan experience means a simple application — we even offer an on-time close guarantee. We’ve made $7.5 billion in home loans so we know a thing or two about what makes homebuyers happy.‡
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
Pros and Cons of a Lower Mortgage Rate as a Home Buyer
As a prospective homeowner, getting a reduced mortgage rate could offer many benefits, though there are a few potential challenges as well.
Pros:
• Decreased monthly payments: A lower interest rate usually results in a lower monthly mortgage payment, giving you more money for investments or other expenses.
• Long-term savings: Depending on the loan amount and term, even a small interest rate reduction can save a significant amount of money over the course of the loan — possibly tens of thousands of dollars. Experiment with a mortgage calculator to see how the interest rate and loan term impact the total interest paid over the life of the loan.
• Building equity faster: As a result of lower interest rates, a larger portion of your monthly payment is applied toward paying off the loan, hastening the process of building equity in your house.
Cons:
• Qualification requirements: Borrowers with a strong credit rating, steady income, and a sizable down payment are frequently eligible for the lowest rates offered by lenders. Achieving these requirements may prove difficult for some buyers.
• Higher upfront costs: Securing a lower interest rate may require paying higher upfront costs, such as points or a big down payment.
• Limited availability: Some purchasers may find that the lowest advertised rates are only accessible to customers who qualify for certain loan types under particular circumstances.
• Market volatility: Interest rates can change over time for an array of economic reasons. An adjustable-rate mortgage may offer a borrower a low initial interest rate, but savings could be outweighed by rate hikes in the future.
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Ways to Get a Lower Mortgage Rate
If you’re wondering how to get a lower interest rate on a mortgage, here are tactics you’ll want to take a look at:
Shop for Mortgage Rates
Finding the best loan terms for a house purchase requires doing your research on mortgage interest rates. Get quotes first from a variety of lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Consider whether you are eligible for a loan guaranteed by the government, such as a VA loan (from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs) or an FHA loan, backed by the Federal Housing Administration. Don’t accept the first mortgage deal you run across; shop around and compare rates offered by different lenders.
To evaluate rates, fees, and terms side by side, make use of online comparison tools. Never be afraid to ask a lender if they can match a competitor’s rate or give better conditions. Other considerations, like closing expenses and the caliber of the customer service, may influence your choice of mortgage, and the lowest rate that is advertised may not always be the best one. Make sure you have researched your selection and that it is in line with your long-term financial objectives.
Nurture Your Credit Score
Borrowers with better credit scores usually receive reduced rates from lenders. A better rate might result from paying your bills on time, cutting overall debt, fixing any inaccuracies on your credit report — or all three. Get a copy of your credit report from each of the big credit reporting agencies, check it for accuracy, and quickly request fixes for any inaccuracies. Next, focus on paying off current debts on time, maintaining modest credit card balances, and refraining from creating new credit lines unnecessarily.
Choose Your Loan Term Carefully
Investigate different types of mortgage loans, including fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs). Each type has a different interest rate structure and set of requirements. Shorter loan terms of 15 or 20 years usually have cheaper interest rates than 30-year mortgages, which results in significant savings over the course of the loan. They also typically have larger monthly payments.
Longer loans spread out payments over an extended period of time, which lowers the monthly payment but comes with higher overall interest charges. When choosing a loan term, take your cash flow, long-term objectives, and financial status into account. While a longer term could offer more flexibility with lower monthly payments, choosing a shorter term can help save money and allow you to pay off the mortgage sooner.
Make a Larger Down Payment
Increasing your down payment is one of the best ways to get a lower mortgage rate. For borrowers who are able to make a substantial down payment — typically 20% or more of the purchase price of the home — lenders frequently offer lower interest rates. A higher down payment shows financial responsibility and lowers the lender’s risk, which makes for a more desirable borrower. Borrowers can also eliminate private mortgage insurance (PMI) with a sizable down payment, which further reduces your monthly payment. Although stowing away a down payment takes time and discipline, there could be significant interest savings over the course of the loan.
Buy Mortgage Points
Purchasing discount points, sometimes referred to as mortgage points, can be a calculated move to obtain a cheaper mortgage rate. Each point costs 1% of the total loan amount and lowers the interest rate by a specific amount, usually 0.25% per point. Although purchasing points necessitates a one-time payment, it might provide substantial savings during the loan term. Before you purchase points, make sure you set aside cash reserves for emergencies. And ask yourself if you plan to stay in the house past the breakeven point (the point at which the monthly savings from a lower payment equal the initial cost of purchasing points).
Lock in Your Mortgage Rate
Once you’ve found a good rate and gone through the mortgage preapproval process, locking in your rate is a crucial step in protecting against potential rate increases during the closing process. When a rate is locked in, the lender agrees to guarantee the agreed-upon interest rate for a predetermined amount of time — usually 30 to 60 days — while the loan application is being processed. This guarantees that the rate won’t change during this time, even if market rates rise. If rates drop, though, one might not be able to benefit from the lower rates unless the lender has a float-down option.
Refinance Your Mortgage
If mortgage rates drop significantly (or your financial profile improves markedly) after you purchase your home, refinancing your mortgage can cut monthly payments and total loan costs. But it’s crucial to take into account refinancing charges, like appraisal and closing costs, and balance these against the possible savings from a lower rate. Homebuyers should think about long-term financial objectives and how refinancing fits within their total budget. Working with a reliable lender and thoroughly weighing options can help one decide if refinancing is the best course of action.
💡 Quick Tip: Have you improved your credit score since you made your home purchase? Home loan refinancing with SoFi could get you a competitive interest rate with lower payments.
Searching for Mortgage Rate Tips
Start by keeping an eye on market developments and learning how the economy affects mortgage rates. To be eligible for reduced rates, carefully manage your credit score. You can also get reasonable rates and better conditions by shopping around and comparing offers from different lenders. To optimize savings, think about the advantages of increasing your down payment, buying discount points, and selecting the ideal loan term. Lock in a cheaper rate while the market is favorable.
Recommended: Home Loan Help Center
The Takeaway
Prospective homeowners can improve their chances of obtaining a favorable rate and ultimately save a large amount of money over the course of their loan by raising their credit score, shopping around for the best rates, and negotiating with lenders. Market conditions, lender competition, and your individual financial situation will factor into your mortgage terms. Greater financial stability can be achieved from taking proactive measures to achieve a cheaper mortgage rate, whether through buying discount points or increasing the down payment.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Can you ask your mortgage company to lower your interest rate?
Yes, you can negotiate with your mortgage company to potentially lower your interest rate before you sign on for a loan. After you have a mortgage, you could ask your lender about a mortgage recast or a refinance.
What makes mortgage interest rates go down?
Mortgage interest rates can decrease due to factors such as economic downturns, changes in federal monetary policy, and market competition among lenders.
Can you negotiate a lower interest rate on a mortgage?
Yes, you can use variables like your creditworthiness, the state of the market, and lender competition to negotiate a lower interest rate on a mortgage.
Photo credit: iStock/Delmaine Donson SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
‡SoFi On-Time Close Guarantee: If all conditions of the Guarantee are met, and your loan does not close on or before the closing date on your purchase contract accepted by SoFi, and the delay is due to SoFi, SoFi will give you a credit toward closing costs or additional expenses caused by the delay in closing of up to $10,000.^ The following terms and conditions apply. This Guarantee is available only for loan applications submitted after 04/01/2024. Please discuss terms of this Guarantee with your loan officer. The mortgage must be a purchase transaction that is approved and funded by SoFi. This Guarantee does not apply to loans to purchase bank-owned properties or short-sale transactions. To qualify for the Guarantee, you must: (1) Sign up for access to SoFi’s online portal and upload all requested documents, (2) Submit documents requested by SoFi within 5 business days of the initial request and all additional doc requests within 2 business days (3) Submit an executed purchase contract on an eligible property with the closing date at least 25 calendar days from the receipt of executed Intent to Proceed and receipt of credit card deposit for an appraisal (30 days for VA loans; 40 days for Jumbo loans), (4) Lock your loan rate and satisfy all loan requirements and conditions at least 5 business days prior to your closing date as confirmed with your loan officer, and (5) Pay for and schedule an appraisal within 48 hours of the appraiser first contacting you by phone or email. This Guarantee will not be paid if any delays to closing are attributable to: a) the borrower(s), a third party, the seller or any other factors outside of SoFi control; b) if the information provided by the borrower(s) on the loan application could not be verified or was inaccurate or insufficient; c) attempting to fulfill federal/state regulatory requirements and/or agency guidelines; d) or the closing date is missed due to acts of God outside the control of SoFi. SoFi may change or terminate this offer at any time without notice to you. *To redeem the Guarantee if conditions met, see documentation provided by loan officer. Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Are you curious about the real estate deal strategies I use to keep getting great deals in today’s market? Whether you’re an investor eyeing your next property flip or an eager homeowner searching for a bargain, the hunt for great deals is critical. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll cover the 6 strategies I use to get great deals and I’ll show you some recent examples.
Table of Contents
Video: Finding Real Estate Deals Strategies
Real Estate Deals Strategies Video
6 Strategies for Finding Deals
The MLS
Many believe that the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) is exclusively for seasoned investors. However, it’s a misconception. We’ve acquired numerous properties through the MLS, including one notable deal featuring a basement skatepark. Owner-occupants can leverage the MLS to their advantage, especially during exclusive bid periods like those for HUD homes.
The MLS is for real estate agents, but don’t let that stop you. You can either:
Work with an agent to help you find deals.
Use the consumer version of your local MLS. Most MLS systems have a consumer-facing version. For example, my local MLS is IRES, but they have a non-agent-facing version at coloproperty.com.
Wholesale Deals
Wholesalers offer a treasure trove of off-market properties ripe for investment. While these deals lack the scrutiny of inspections and appraisals, they demand quick action and thorough due diligence. Learn how to discern between lucrative opportunities and potential pitfalls when engaging with wholesalers.
For more, read my wholesaling article.
Networking
Networking isn’t just for job seekers; it’s a potent tool for real estate enthusiasts. By fostering relationships with industry professionals, from lenders to fellow investors, you can be made aware of deals. This one may be as simple as telling everyone you know that you’re in the market to buy real estate.
Our recent townhouse flip stemmed from a banking connection, underscoring the value of a solid network.
For more, check out my post about real estate investor associations and clubs.
Direct Marketing
Direct marketing entails proactive outreach to homeowners considering selling their properties. Postcards, bandit signs, and digital ads are just a few avenues for connecting with motivated sellers. While it requires persistence and patience, this approach can yield remarkable results, as evidenced by our success stories.
Read my article on direct marketing.
Auctions
Auction houses present a unique avenue for acquiring distressed properties at competitive prices. However, they come with inherent risks, such as limited visibility and stringent bidding conditions. Discover how we’ve navigated the complexities of auction purchases and capitalized on favorable market conditions.
Read my post about foreclosures and auctions.
Education and Resources
Above all, education is the most important. If you’re not actively studying, you may be throwing away lots of time and money.
Investing in comprehensive courses, like those offered on our platform, equips you with the knowledge and tools needed to thrive in the real estate arena. From deal-finding strategies to financing insights, these resources empower you to make informed decisions and navigate challenges effectively.
My Master the Deal course walks you through everything you need to know to start finding great real estate investment deals.
Special note: Master the Deal is on sale now! Use this link to get it for just $199 $29! https://learn.investfourmore.com/purchase?product_id=5460501&coupon_code=HP84987
Final Thoughts
There are countless opportunities abound for both investors and owner-occupants alike. By embracing a multifaceted approach to deal sourcing and leveraging available resources, you can open yourself to many more deals. Whether you’re scouring the MLS, cultivating relationships, or exploring alternative channels, persistence and diligence are key to achieving your real estate goals.
Remember, the next great deal could be just around the corner. Happy hunting!
Hedging, Community Lending, Verification, CRM, Warehouse Products; NAR Reports on Q1; FHA and USDA Changes
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Hedging, Community Lending, Verification, CRM, Warehouse Products; NAR Reports on Q1; FHA and USDA Changes
By: Rob Chrisman
Wed, May 8 2024, 11:25 AM
After a very long travel day filled with odd, time-sucking delays, when I arrived in Birmingham I was happy to hear Alabama on the Uber car’s radio singing, “My Home’s in Alabama.” “That my home’s in Alabama, no matter where I lay my head. My home’s in Alabama, Southern born and Southern bred.” Home prices in Alabama have tended to mimic many parts of the United States: In March 2024, home prices in Alabama were up 1.1 percent compared to last year, selling for a median price of $273,500 with the number of homes sold being down 8.9 percent year over year, per Redfin. (This morning NAR reported that more than 90 percent of metro markets posted home price gains in the first quarter of 2024: latest quarterly report.) There’s ample inventory, with over 22,000 homes for sale in Alabama, up nearly 11 percent year over year. A chunk of those are in Huntsville, 100 miles to the north of Birmingham, Alabama’s most populous city and the home of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. (Found here, this week’s podcasts are sponsored by Matic, the digital insurance marketplace built for the mortgage industry. Matic integrates home insurance shopping into the lending and servicing experience, allowing customers to shop carriers and find a policy in minutes. Create a new revenue stream that boosts customer happiness today! Hear an interview with Matic’s Ben Madick on the insurance landscape and trends impacting both potential homebuyers and existing homeowners.)
Lender and Broker Software and Services
Do you love your technology partner so much that you’d tattoo its name on your arm? A top producing team at VanDyk Mortgage resorted to “tattoo” tactics when management replaced Floify with a competing mobile-first POS. The new system’s shortcomings in functionality and vendor support impacted the productivity and satisfaction of VanDyk’s team, particularly affecting branch managers and loan officers who struggled with the platform’s limitations and the vendor’s responsiveness. The result? A “baring” of arms and quick return to Floify, which in addition to preventing an LO mutiny saves VanDyk $300,000 annually in operating costs compared to the interim system. Read the full case study and see pics of the team’s “tats.”
Compliance Review Roadmap for Financial Institutions! Regular compliance testing and monitoring helps you get out in front of potential issues, identifying areas that might not normally receive enough attention. When you embrace compliance reviews, your entire institution becomes involved in building a culture of compliance. This whitepaper offers a how-to guide for implementing a compliance review process at your financial institution. Included in this roadmap is: Step-by-step instructions for building a compliance testing program; A checklist of what to assess in compliance monitoring; A breakdown of the roles and responsibilities for each department and division; The importance of conducting a root cause analysis; Challenges encountered in implementing compliance reviews and how to overcome them; and Solutions for automating your compliance review process. Download the free whitepaper now.
PlainsCapital Bank National Warehouse Lending, a subsidiary of Hilltop Holdings (NYSE: HTH), understands the importance of efficiency when it comes to meeting mortgage lenders funding requests. “Express Funding” is how we help our customers reduce the time needed to get loans funded quickly. Express Funding allows our customers to submit multiple loans for funding in one simple data upload, whether it is one loan or 100 loans. We have a growing list of 5,000+ approved closing agents, No Doc funding requirements and funding turn times averaging under 20 minutes! As a well-capitalized financially strong banking partner we give our customers confidence in an uncertain market. If you attending the MBA Secondary Conference in NY or the TMBA Annual Conference in Austin and interested in learning more about PlainsCapital Bank National Warehouse Lending please contact John White or Brent Amos.
Usherpa’s SmartCRM and Relationship Engagement Platform has been vetted by The Mortgage Collaborative (TMC), one of the largest mortgage cooperatives in the country, and is now a Preferred Partner to TMC’s growing network of mortgage lenders. According to TMC’s 2024 “Pulse of the Network” survey of 2,000 industry executives, finding new opportunities to grow volume and market share ranked first among the top critically important issues facing mortgage lenders. Having a CRM platform that is powerful but easy to use with guaranteed adoption is crucial. “TMC prides itself on having best in class preferred partners that help our lenders lower their cost of origination, improve their customer experience, and retain their best Loan Officers so that they can easily compete with even the largest lenders,” said Melissa Langdale, TMC’s President and COO. “We are thrilled to add Usherpa as a Preferred Partner.”
During the loan process, expedited turn times are crucial. Traditional methods of obtaining tax transcripts using a 4506-C form are slow and susceptible to rejections by the IRS due to minor discrepancies between the submitted form and what is on file at the IRS, thereby extending the verification process. Xactus, a leader in verification solutions, offers a streamlined alternative, Tax TranscriptX. Providing real-time IRS data feeds, this innovative tool enables fast and easy income verification, with the IRS rejecting less than 3 percent of the requests. Endorsed by the Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSE), this solution empowers lenders to accelerate loan closures by furnishing tax transcripts within minutes rather than days. Lenders can use Xactus’ technology to streamline workflows, boost profits, and close loans right away. For more information, email Xactus. To stay up to date on its industry innovations, follow Xactus on LinkedIn.
Wholesale and Correspondent Products
Attention all TPO and wholesale lenders: Don’t miss out on “The Wholesale Lending Sales Machine” webinar hosted by OptifiNow and Lender Price on May 15th at 10 am PT. The webinar will discuss how wholesale lenders are finding success in today’s challenging market by equipping their account executives with technology tools that are proven to generate more submissions and fundings. Make sure to register for this webinar today!
“Visio Lending is breaking records with a relentless focus on improving our Broker Experience. We are the nation’s leader in Non-QM Investor DSCR loans for buy and hold SFR rentals with nearly a decade of experience and over $2.8 billion in originations. No-DTI, 30-year terms, rate buy downs, free 45-day rate locks; I/O and Sub-1 DSCR options available. Now choose your own title company (including on refinances). Through our top-notch Broker Program, brokers are able to earn up to 2 points YSP, and 5 points total. Visio Brokers can count on a designated Account Executive and in-house processing.”
“Citi Correspondent Lending remains committed to responsible and sustainable growth with a focus on expanding our Community Lending platform. We’ve continued to gain momentum in these areas as illustrated by the 126 percent increase year-over-year in non-delegated Agency production and April’s 22 percent month-over-month increase in our proprietary HomeRun program production. We’re excited to discuss all that Citi offers now and what’s on the horizon at the upcoming Secondary and Capital Markets Conference. Reach out to your Citi Account Executive or our National Client Services Team to schedule time to talk with us.”
Government Program Updates
The lion’s share of locks continues to be headed Freddie & Fannie’s way, but there is a sizeable chunk that are either non-Agency (non-QM, jumbo, bond programs spring to mind) or are FHA, VA, and USDA. Let’s see what’s happening in that latter category.
FHA’s Mortgagee Letter (ML) 2024-08 further extends its foreclosure moratorium for borrowers with FHA-insured mortgages in Maui County, Hawaii. This extension, which runs through August 4, 2024, is effective immediately.
Mortgagee Letter (ML) 2024-07 strengthens FHA’s existing ROV process as part of HUD’s commitment to strengthening safeguards against unlawful discrimination in residential property valuations as outlined in the Property Appraisal and Valuation Equity (PAVE) Interagency Task Force. This update is the result of FHA’s consideration of the feedback received on its January 2023 proposed policy posted to its Single Family Drafting Table, and subsequent engagement with stakeholders and other federal agencies, including the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), to identify policies that would support a consistent industry-wide framework of minimum standards for the ROV process.
Updated information on SFH Section 502 Direct Funding was posted in USDA Rural Development SFH Bulletin.
Revisions that impact the AmeriHome USDA Guaranteed Rural Housing Program Guide are available in AmeriHome Mortgage Announcement 20240403-CL.
Newrez is updating its Government and Conforming loan underwriting guidelines, details are available in announcement 2024-024 and announcement 2024-025.
Capital Markets
With little in the way of economic releases this week or next until April CPI a week from today, investors continue to focus on Fed Chair Powell’s post-FOMC comments, potential Fed rate cuts in the latter half of the year, and the softer than expected April payrolls print. The MBS market is also busy digesting April agency prepayments, which were released late Monday, where speeds increased much less than expected. In reaction to the reports, UMBS30 and GNII rolls were mixed in mostly small moves.
Yesterday brought bland remarks from Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari and some supply hitting the front end of the curve with a $58 billion 3-year Treasury auction that was received with good demand. Internationally, there was a policy hold from the Reserve Bank of Australia and a better-than-expected March Retail Sales report from the Eurozone.
Today’s domestic economic calendar kicked off with mortgage applications increasing 2.6 percent from one week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association’s Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey. Sweden’s Riksbank was out with their latest monetary policy decision before the open. Later today brings wholesale inventories and sales, a Treasury auction of $42 billion 10-year notes, and remarks from three Fed speakers: Vice Chair Jefferson, Boston President Collins, and Governor Cook. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices little changed from Tuesday’s close and the 10-year yielding 4.48 after closing yesterday at 4.46 percent; the 2-year is at 4.83.
Employment
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Tired of having outdated news on your website or a stale newsletter? A skilled writer has some extra bandwidth and is available to produce weekly, monthly, or as-needed mortgage-related content for lenders on their website, email marketing or digital advertising. Reach out to Dustin Hobbs.
Carrington Mortgage Services has hired Steven Winokur to serve as VP, Marketing, Third-Party Origination using his “significant expertise in marketing strategy, brand development, marketing communications and digital marketing” to quickly build on existing marketplace momentum for Carrington’s diverse non-QM offerings. Congratulations!
Planet Home Lending has hired 20+ year vet Paul Walker to be Chief Financial Officer. “Paul will guide our financial strategy, leading Planet’s integrated platform to continuously deliver efficient, innovative solutions and services to consumers, business partners, and clients,” said Michael Dubeck, CEO and President of Planet Financial Group, parent of Planet Home Lending.
Flagstar Bank has promoted Rich Hoffman to senior vice president and head of TPO lending. Congratulations!
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The cost to buy a home has reached historic highs in the U.S. — the median price of a home is $420,800, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis — and housing and mortgage costs are increasingly turning into a November election issue.
Home shoppers today need to an annual income of $114,000 in order to comfortably afford a typical home in the U.S., according to Redfin, nearly double what was needed to afford a typical home in 2020. That figure is far above the 2022 median household income of $74,580, according to the Census Bureau.
Higher monthly payments are driven by higher home prices as well as significantly higher interest rates. Mortgage interest rates, which dipped to an historic low of 2.65% on a 30-year fixed mortgage in 2021, have soared beyond 7%, higher than they’ve been since 2001. Interest rates are set by the independent Federal Reserve, and President Joe Biden has insisted on the Fed’s independence. The Federal Reserve has been raising interest rates since 2021 in order to combat stubborn inflation.
smaller, entry-level homes, several experts agree.
Once interest rates are removed from the picture, “then you’re left focusing mainly on the supply shortfall,” said Jim Parrott, fellow at the Urban Institute and former Obama White House economic adviser.
The housing market has seen a severe shortage of smaller starter homes, Parrott said. Builders, he said, are incentivized to build large, often mansion-like homes, which more easily turn a profit.
“The cost of building larger homes tends to be quite high, and it’s easier to recoup those costs if you’re making big, expensive homes,” Parrott said.
The federal government needs to “make the math for building homes at the bottom of the market more favorable” for developers, Parrott suggested. And Congress can do this with the tax code. One approach would be to give a tax cut to any builder who constructs a residence for a first-time home buyer at below the median home price, Parrott said.
“You need to provide some sort of tax benefit for building homes in the parts of the market where we need them the most,” Parrott said.
But getting this divided Congress to work together on something like this would be challenging, Parrott said.
“I’m afraid that the legislative environment right now just isn’t conducive to this sort of big, bipartisan effort,” Parrott said. “Hopefully after the election we’ll see a reboot that provides a more hopeful window.”
Withhold funding from localities that don’t change zoning laws
Most of the control over zoning lies with state and local governments. And states have been working to overhaul zoning to ease restrictions on denser residential construction. But the federal government isn’t entirely powerless on zoning.
Parrott said the federal government has used a carrot approach to encourage localities to rezone in favor of denser housing, but now he thinks maybe it’s time to use a stick. For instance, any federal funding for communities could be conditioned on how zoning decisions are made. Communities receive substantial financial support from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Transportation Department and other agencies for projects, Parrott noted.
“If federal policymakers were to condition even a little bit some of that funding on whether or not local decision-making is supportive of or prohibitive of more density,…then you could begin to change things at the local level in a way that would really matter,” Parrott said.
Such a move would be almost certain to trigger strict opposition from localities and unions. But more states have already been enacting legislation to supersede local zoning rules, said Alex Horowitz, director of housing policy at The Pew Charitable Trusts. Horowitz said nine states have passed laws allowing accessible dwelling units or ADUs — like small, independent, mother-in-law suites — on homeowners’ properties.
Sell federal land to use for housing
“The federal government owns hundreds and hundreds of millions of acres, and we’re not talking about the National Parks here,” said Edward Pinto, co-director of the American Enterprise Institute’s Housing Center.
But that’s a proposal that Congress would need to authorize.
It has been tried. Sen. Mike Lee’s HOUSES Act of 2022 would have approved the sale of federal land to states and localities for below-market rates for housing projects. The federal government owns two-thirds of the land in Lee’s home state of Utah, and the gap between median household income and median home cost is largest in the West, according to HUD.
But his bill went nowhere. The Bureau of Land Management, which oversees federal land, said in written Senate testimony that it would be forced to “sell land without sufficient evaluation of the values to the public or to future generations, or sufficient compensation to the American taxpayer.”
The sale of unused land could also attract opposition from environmentalist groups, though sometimes that can be overcome. In March, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee signed a law that will allow that state’s Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to transfer some of its property to localities to build affordable housing.
Washington state GOP Rep. April Connors, who introduced the bill, noted that that the DNR had 7,000 acres of land that was unusable for timber harvesting because it was too close to developed land. Building housing on it could ease the shortage of homes in Washington, Connors noted in a statement, pointing out that the state has the “fewest housing units per household in the nation and nearly half of renters spend a third of their income on rent.”
Improve consumer access to financing for manufactured housing
Manufactured homes are factory-built residences built after 1976 — formerly known as mobile homes — that can be placed on land. The average new manufactured home sold for $126,600 in November 2023, according to the Census Bureau.
But loans are harder for homebuyers to secure for manufactured homes than for traditional ones, Horowitz said. And since manufactured housing usually involves shipping over state lines, the federal government plays a big role. HUD controls access to financing for manufactured homes, and rules are stricter than they are for traditional homes.
Interest rates are typically also higher for manufactured home loans than for traditional home loans, in part because unlike traditional homes, which tend to appreciate in value over time, manufactured homes can depreciate. The structures are also viewed as riskier than conventional homes because they’re usually harder to sell on the market. Horowitz suggests HUD could make it easier for borrowers to access loans.
Eliminate tax breaks for second (and third) homes
Congress could increase the national housing stock over time by eliminating tax breaks for any homes that aren’t a primary residence, said AEI’s Pinto.
Getting rid of the mortgage interest rate deduction for non-primary residences would eventually encourage many homeowners to sell, Pinto said.
“Why should they be subsidized by the tax code,” Pinto asked.
Without that tax break, hundreds of thousands of homes would come back onto the market as primary residences, Pinto said.
“It would cost the federal government basically nothing,” Pinto said. “They’d actually save some money on the tax savings, and it would not increase demand at all.”
This isn’t likely to happen soon though. Such a measure would have to be passed by Congress — and many lawmakers own second and third residences. And a number of their constituents and donors own multiple homes. Realtor interest groups would oppose it, too, Pinto said.
The most Congress has done in recent years to address tax breaks for expensive residences was in 2017, when the GOP-controlled Congress capped the deduction limit for state and local income taxes, which hit coastal, heavily Democratic states like New York and California particularly hard.
Still, eliminating the tax break for secondary homes is “low-hanging fruit,” and would increase supply and reduce demand simultaneously, Pinto said.
Economists mostly doubt that action by the Federal Reserve to significantly lower interest rates would help much.
“If the Fed were to cut rates in a way that allowed mortgage rates to fall to the 4% range, we would see both supply and demand increase in the housing market,” said Chen Zhao, who leads the economics team at Redfin.
And whether home prices rise or fall would depend on what then happens to housing supply and demand.
“If demand increases more, then prices would grow at a faster rate than they are currently,” Zhao said. “However, it’s also possible that supply would increase more because sellers have been so locked in by low existing mortgage rates. If that’s the case, then price growth could fall. I think it’s unlikely in either case that prices would fall outright.”
Would Biden or Trump’s policies help or hurt housing costs?
Former President Donald Trump hasn’t offered policy suggestions to address housing affordability yet, although he criticizes mortgage interest rates and home prices under President Biden.
The president has proposed giving a $10,000 tax credit to first-time middle class homebuyers, and up to $25,000 to first generation home buyers. He’s also introducing a $20 billion fund that in addition to helping build affordable rental units, is meant to peel away local barriers to housing development and spur the construction of starter homes.
Down payment assistance may help home shoppers in the near term, although the tax credit probably falls short of the traditional 20% down payment on most homes. With monthly payments at record highs, this down payment assistance would not lower monthly costs. And down payment assistance could have unintended consequences, Pinto said: “It would increase the price of entry level homes.”
The effect down payment assistance or a buyer tax credit would have on the housing market is complicated in a supply-constrained market, Horowitz said.
While Trump hasn’t made specific proposals on housing, his proposals in other policy areas would likely drive home prices up, Parrott said. Mass deportations of undocumented migrants, for instance, could drive the cost of labor higher, and raising tariffs on China could drive up material costs, Parrott said.
“The things that Trump has said relevant to housing almost all cut the wrong way,” Parrot said.
How home costs could affect the election
The cost of home ownership is a top concern for Democrats and Republicans, city dwellers and rural residents alike, said Parrott. Once an issue has broken through the barriers of red and blue, metro and rural, “then it changes the probability of something happening,” Parrott said.
“Housing has found its way to the grownups table, in effect, for the first time,” Parrott said.
And even though it’s the Fed that controls interest rates, Mr. Biden could be held accountable by voters.
“President Biden’s reelection is closely tied to the cost of homeownership and thus, the fixed mortgage rates,” Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics predicted. “The fixed rate is currently just over 7%. If it rises above 8% for any length of time, his reelection odds will fade, and if it falls closer to 6% his odds will increase meaningfully, all else equal.”
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Kathryn Watson
Kathryn Watson is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital based in Washington, D.C.
The standard narrative of buying a house involves a real estate agent. The Realtor acts as your tour guide, guiding you not only through available homes, but also through the complicated process of becoming a homeowner.
However, some independent sellers prefer to sell their home without a real estate agent’s services. As a prospective buyer, you would interact with the homeowner instead of a Realtor.
This process, known as a sale by owner or FSBO sale, offers potential buyers the opportunity to bypass some traditional real estate transactions, which may save money on agent’s commission fees. FSBO sellers handle every aspect of the sale, including setting the listing price, marketing the house for sale, and negotiating the purchase price.
FSBO sales differ from a typical sale, as they require the home buyer to assume tasks that a real estate agent would usually handle. This includes finding FSBO listings, validating property details, and negotiating the sales price with the FSBO seller directly.
Key Takeaways
A For Sale By Owner (FSBO) transaction allows buyers to negotiate directly with sellers, potentially bypassing real estate agent commissions but requiring extra due diligence.
Buyers should secure mortgage preapproval, verify property details through CLUE reports and title checks, and consider hiring a real estate attorney or title company to manage legalities.
Closing a FSBO sale involves setting up an escrow account, preparing extensive paperwork, and understanding post-closing steps like utility setup and managing property taxes and insurance.
An Overview of the FSBO Process
A FSBO sale, where an owner sells their house without a real estate agent or a listing agent, differs from a typical sale. Understanding the intricacies of these real estate transactions can be vital to a smooth closing. FSBO sellers handle everything from setting the listing price, marketing, negotiating, and closing, offering more room for direct communication and price negotiation.
However, an FSBO transaction requires the buyer to take on tasks typically handled by a real estate agent. Unless you are working with a buyer’s agent, closing can be complex. You may be on your own for a home inspection. Getting an appraisal and negotiating a selling price will be up to you. Completing the title search and other tasks usually falls to the seller’s agent.
Prepare for the Purchase
Buying a home is exciting, but it’s also a venture that requires substantial financial planning and understanding. Preparing for the financial aspect of your purchase can increase your chances of a successful transaction and make the overall home buying experience less stressful.
Determining how much house you can afford is the first step. Getting pre-approved for a mortgage is essential. You’ll also need funds for a down payment and closing costs. Buying a FSBO home is similar to purchasing through a real estate agency.
Assess Your Credit Score
Your credit score is a key player in this process. It has a significant impact on your ability to secure a home loan, dictating your interest rates and loan terms. Before you start shopping for an FSBO house, check your credit score and, if necessary, take steps to improve it. This may involve paying down debts or correcting any errors on your credit report.
Secure Loan Preapproval
Once your credit is in check, securing preapproval for a home loan can give you a head start. This process involves a lender checking your financial history and assessing whether you’re a viable candidate for a loan.
Upon preapproval, you’ll know the maximum amount you can borrow, which helps you set a realistic budget for your house hunting. A mortgage broker, with their extensive knowledge and resources, can guide you through this process and help you choose the best loan for your needs.
Set Aside Savings
Additionally, it’s essential to have savings set aside for a down payment and closing costs. Down payments typically range from 3.5% to 20% of the home’s purchase price. Closing costs, on the other hand, usually amount to 2% to 5% of the loan amount. These costs can add up, so preparing for them can prevent financial surprises down the road.
Ensure a Mortgage Contingency
Lastly, when setting the terms of the purchase contract, ensure it includes a mortgage contingency. This clause protects you if your final home loan approval falls through, allowing you to back out of the deal without financial repercussions.
Research the Property
Buying an FSBO home requires thorough due diligence and understanding your local market’s dynamics.
Familiarize Yourself with the Market
Familiarize yourself with FSBO listings in your desired area. Assess the features of various properties, their listing prices, and how long they’ve been on the market. This exercise can help you gauge a fair price for the property you’re interested in.
Verify Property Details
In FSBO sales, buyers need to take extra care when verifying property details. These include, but are not limited to, ownership history, physical condition, and any past insurance claims related to the house for sale.
CLUE Report: A good starting point for property research is the Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange, also known as CLUE. This database contains up to seven years of insurance claims history for properties. Requesting a CLUE report can provide insight into any past damages or issues that have led to insurance claims. This information helps when assessing the overall condition of the home and can play a role in price negotiations.
Check the Title: Another important element in property research is checking the home’s title. The title outlines the history of property ownership, and any issues, like liens or disputes, could complicate the transaction. You might want to consider hiring a title company or a real estate attorney to ensure a clear title, further securing your investment.
Conducting extensive research on the property not only aids in making an informed decision but can also arm you with valuable information during price negotiations.
Understand the Legalities
Buying a house is not just a financial commitment, it’s a legal one too. Understanding the legal aspects of real estate transactions can protect you from potential complications, particularly in a FSBO sale, where you might not have a real estate agent guiding you through the process.
Hire a Real Estate Attorney or a Title Company
In a traditional real estate transaction, a buyer’s agent handles the legal paperwork. However, in a FSBO sale, buyers often need to manage these tasks themselves. This is where a real estate attorney or a title company can help. These professionals can assist with the legal aspects of the transaction, including:
Ensuring the house is a separate legal entity operated correctly, free from liens, and without any outstanding claims.
Conducting title searches to confirm the legitimacy of the property’s ownership.
Assisting with the closing process, ensuring all necessary documents are correctly filled out and filed.
Review the Purchase Agreement
The purchase agreement is a binding legal contract between the buyer and the seller. It outlines the final purchase price, terms of the home sale, and any conditions that must be met before the sale can be finalized.
Given its importance, it’s recommended to have a lawyer review the purchase agreement before the buyer and seller sign it. This review can ensure that all the stipulations are in your best interest and that there are no potential loopholes that could cause problems later.
Pricing and Negotiations
FSBO sales often provide room for more negotiation when it comes to the home’s asking price. This flexibility can result in a lower purchase price, potentially saving you money.
Home Appraisal
A home appraisal can be an essential tool during these negotiations. An appraiser evaluates the property and provides an estimated market value. This estimate is based on various factors, including the home’s condition, location, and comparable homes in the area.
With an appraisal in hand, you have a foundation for negotiating the home’s price with the seller directly. It gives you a benchmark, helping to ensure you don’t pay more than the property is worth.
Handling a Low Appraisal
A FSBO transaction can become complicated if the appraisal is lower than the agreed-upon purchase price. In this scenario, you have a few options:
Request a price reduction: If the appraisal comes in lower than the agreed-upon price, you can ask the seller to reduce the price. They may be willing to do this to keep the sale on track.
Challenge the appraisal: If you believe the appraisal was inaccurate, you can challenge it. You’ll need to provide compelling evidence, such as recent sales of comparable homes that were not included in the original appraisal.
Handling these situations tactfully can keep your home purchase on track while ensuring you get a fair deal. Remember, every real estate transaction is unique, and dealing with these challenges may require professional guidance from a real estate attorney or a buyer’s agent.
Home Inspections
Investing in a home inspection is a prudent step in the homebuying process. A comprehensive inspection can reveal potential problems or necessary repairs that may not be immediately apparent. This is especially critical when buying a FSBO property, as there might not be a real estate agent involved to facilitate this step.
Choosing a Home Inspector
Finding a qualified and experienced home inspector is paramount. Look for inspectors who are certified by a national association and who have a good reputation in your local market. Your home inspector should evaluate the following:
Structural elements: walls, ceilings, floors, roof, and foundation.
Systems: plumbing, electrical, and HVAC.
Other components: insulation, ventilation, windows, and doors.
Outside: drainage, driveways, fences, sidewalks, and any potential safety hazards.
After the Home Inspection
Once the home inspection is complete, you will receive an inspection report outlining any identified issues. Depending on the findings, you may:
Request repairs: If the inspector identifies any issues, you can ask the seller to make necessary repairs before closing.
Renegotiate the asking price: If there are significant issues that the seller is not willing to fix, you might renegotiate the price to account for the repair costs.
Walk away: In the case of severe problems, such as foundational issues or extensive water damage, it might be in your best interest to walk away from the sale.
Securing Financing
Once you’ve agreed on a sales price and completed the home inspection, the next step is to finalize your home loan. This stage requires careful consideration as it can significantly impact your personal finance situation.
Compare Mortgage Options
Start by comparing different mortgage options. Each loan type has its advantages and drawbacks, and the best one for you depends on your individual circumstances. A mortgage broker can be a valuable resource during this process, helping you understand the nuances of each option and finding the best fit for your financial situation.
Review the Loan Estimate
Mortgage lenders are required to provide a loan estimate within three days of receiving your application. This document outlines the specifics of your loan, including:
Loan amount: The total amount that you’ll borrow.
Interest rate: The cost you’ll pay each year to borrow the money, expressed as a percentage.
Closing costs: The expenses you’ll need to pay to finalize your mortgage, which can include origination fees, appraisal fees, and title insurance.
It’s essential to review the loan estimate thoroughly and make sure you understand all the costs involved. If something seems off, don’t hesitate to ask your lender for clarification. After all, this is a significant financial commitment, and you want to be sure you’re making an informed decision.
Closing the Sale
Closing a FSBO sale involves several key steps that vary slightly from a typical sale involving real estate agents. However, the primary goal remains the same: to legally transfer ownership of the property from the seller to you, the buyer.
Setting Up an Escrow Account
In real estate transactions, an escrow account is used to safeguard the earnest money — the deposit you make to show the seller you’re serious about buying the house. This account is managed by a separate legal entity, such as a title company or escrow company, ensuring the funds are protected until the sale is finalized.
Preparing the Paperwork
The closing paperwork can be quite extensive and typically includes:
The deed: This transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer.
The bill of sale: This outlines the terms and conditions of the sale.
The affidavit of title (or seller’s affidavit): This document states the seller owns the property and there are no liens against it.
It’s best to have a real estate attorney or a title company prepare these documents to avoid any mistakes.
Title Insurance and Closing
Your lender may require you to purchase title insurance. This protects both you and the lender in case any undisclosed liens or ownership disputes arise after the sale.
On the closing day, you and the seller will sign all closing documents. The funds held in the escrow account, including your down payment and closing costs, will be appropriately distributed, and the property’s ownership is legally transferred to you.
Post-Closing Steps: What Comes Next?
After the exhilarating process of buying a house, there are a few additional steps to take post-closing.
Utility Setup and Address Change
Ensure utilities are set up in your name, including water, electricity, gas, and internet. You should also update your address for any subscriptions, credit cards, bank accounts, and identification documents.
Understand Property Taxes and Home Insurance
As a new homeowner, it’s important to understand your obligations regarding property taxes and home insurance. Familiarize yourself with due dates and payment procedures to avoid late fees or potential complications.
Dealing with Potential Problems
If any problems arise with the home past closing, consult your home inspection report before paying for repairs out of pocket. If you’ve received a home warranty as part of the sale (which is different from home insurance), it may cover some of these post-closing issues.
Remember, buying a FSBO home might be more complicated than a typical sale, but the potential benefits, such as saving on the agent’s commission, make it an attractive option for many home buyers. With careful planning, research, and professional guidance, you can manage the FSBO homebuying process with confidence.
Conclusion
Though a FSBO transaction can be intimidating, with research and preparation, potential buyers can make the process go smoothly. Buying a house for sale by owner can offer significant savings and more room for price negotiation, as you bypass the real estate agent’s commission.
However, you need to remain diligent and informed throughout the process. Understand the local market, conduct a thorough home inspection, and engage professionals like a real estate attorney or title companies for a smooth real estate transaction. The homebuying process may be a marathon rather than a sprint, but with patience and perseverance, you’ll cross the finish line to your new home.
I started working with a client a couple years ago whose incoming portfolio was 20% Starbucks. That’s a lat(te) in one stock. I’ll see myself out.
For comparison, Starbucks comprises 0.20% of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 should only be a portion of an individual’s stock holdings, which are only a portion of an overall portfolio (with bonds, alternatives, real estate, whatever). 20% is way too much Starbucks.
When I started explaining this thought process, the client protested. “Jesse – there’s a Starbucks on every corner in America. Why would we sell it?”
This logic is very understandable. After all, there is a Starbucks on every corner in America. The premise is true. But this client’s conclusion—“Therefore, why sell Starbucks?!”—doesn’t follow his premise.
That’s the logical misstep we’ll dive into today. A “good company” doesn’t always make a “good investment.”
Lessons from History
My hometown pride, Kodak, was once one of the most visible companies in the world.
It would have been easy to sit there in 1985 and think,
“Kodak is everywhere. They own the global film market the same way GE owns consumer electronics and Sears owns department stores. Why would I ever diversify out of Kodak?”
A seemingly logical investor
Well…
That’s a share price going from ~$90 per share to zero in about 17 years. The stock market and economic history are littered with “good companies” going broke. It’s called “creative destruction” and is an essential part of a healthy economy.
But it’s terrible if you happen to own those specific stocks.
It’s Not About Popularity or Frequency
Investor Peter Lynch is known for many quips, perhaps none more famous than:
“Invest in what you know. Know what you own and know why you own it.”
Unfortunately, many investors interpret that quote as:
“Invest in what you’ve heard of, and own it because you’ve heard of it.”
…and what they’ve heard of, naturally, are popular consumer brands and companies with a “high frequency” in society e.g. those with many stores, many products, long histories, etc.
But what Lynch actually meant in his quote is: “The more familiar you are with a company, and the better you understand its business and competitive environment, the better your chances of finding a good ‘story’ that will actually come true.”
You can’t just “know” Starbucks because you enjoy its coffee or because you see it on every corner. You must “know” its business fundamentals, competitors, potential future paths, etc. The market does not care about popularity or frequency alone. It only cares about popularity and frequency insofar as those factors positively or negatively affect the objective fundamentals of the business.
Past vs. Future
Riffing off the previous stanza, concepts like “popularity” and “frequency” are both hallmarks of a company’s past. The stores you see, the brand’s standing in our culture, and the company’s heretofore investment returns are all a function of what the company has done in the past.
But the stock market is forward-looking. The thousands of investors who buy and sell stocks and determine their daily prices don’t care about the past. They are, quite literally, trying to predict a company’s future. They are pricing in that anticipated future into today’s fair value.
Quite understandably, most investors don’t do this. They either shape their opinions based on the past (popularity, frequency, past investment returns, etc.) or they react to current-day news. These are both mistakes.
The intelligent investor thinks about the future. But any statement akin to, “Company ABC will be great in the future,” is a challenging statement to make accurately.
Wonderful Company? Fair Price?
Nothing against Peter Lynch, but most of you know I’m a fan of Uncle Warren, who is famous for saying:
“It’s far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a wonderful price.”
Even if Starbucks is one of Buffett’s “wonderful companies,” is it trading at a “fair price”? Most people – including many investment professionals – are terrible at determining what a “fair price” truly is. Price is a defining feature of any investment!
I frequently use the “Honda Civic” example to explain this idea.
Is a Honda Civic a fair car? Sure. A good to great car? Quite possibly! Would you be happy owning a new Honda Civic? Many of you would say, “Sure, why not?”
But would you pay $100,000 for that new Honda Civic? No way.
It’s not enough to say, “Starbucks is a good company. Perhaps a great company.” That’s challenging enough on its own. But we must go further and ask ourselves if Starbucks is trading for a “fair price.” And quite simply, most of us are terrible at determining what “fair price” truly means – at least when it comes to stocks.
Needles
I’m biased, but I’m a big fan of this article I wrote in May 2023. I won’t rehash it too much here, but I encourage you to read it right now.
Most stocks perform worse than simple Treasury bonds
Only ~4% of stocks (or 1 in 25) account for all historical stock market outperformance over bonds
Anytime your odds are 1 in 25, you should think hard about your actions.
Sizing and Allocation
Play along with me. Let’s assume, for the sake of argument, the client was correct. Because Starbucks is everywhere, it must be a good stock to own, and it’s trading at a good price.
If that’s true, does it necessitate Starbucks should comprise 20% of our portfolio? Put another way: are there only ~5 good companies in America?
Any way you cut the biscotti, a 20% position is severely overweight. In financial planning, we want to reduce our range of potential outcomes. That’s why we diversify. Having 20% of your money tied to one single stock leads to a wide range of potential outcomes.
Closing the Cafe
For what it’s worth, the client did listen to our counsel and has been divesting out of Starbucks (as tax efficiently as possible). This past week’s ~17% drop in Starbucks’ stock price hurts, but not as much as it would have two years ago.
I’m sure there are more reasons not to own a few single stocks, not to own Starbucks specifically, and not to have too many eggs in any basket. What do you think? If I’ve missed some low-hanging fruit (salad) in terms of my reasoning, please leave me a Comment below!
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Revolving credit, like credit cards, allows you to borrow up to your limit and then again once you pay down the outstanding balance. Home, auto and personal loans are installment loans, which means you receive a lump sum that you pay back over a set period.
If you’re one of the millions of Americans who has outstanding debt, it can be helpful to better understand the difference between installment loans vs. revolving credit. Although debt can harm your credit, responsibly managing a mix of installment and revolving debt can help build your credit. Read on to learn more about installment loans vs. revolving credit and how to use them to your benefit.
Installment debt
Revolving credit
Definition
A borrowed lump sum that is paid back over time on a set schedule
A line of credit that enables for spending up to a predetermined limit
Examples
Mortgage, student loan, auto loan or personal loan
Credit cards and personal lines of credit
Interest rates
Typically fixed when the loan is established
Usually variable, and often higher overall
Payments
Consistent monthly payments on a set schedule
Payments vary based on spending
Effect on credit score
May increase credit score due to improved mix of credit, payment history and length of credit
Tends to have a larger effect on credit score, and score increases are possible with responsible usage
What is revolving credit?
Revolving credit allows you to spend up to a certain limit. As you pay down your outstanding balance each month, you can re-borrow up to the credit limit. If you need to borrow more, you can request a credit limit increase. It not only gives you access to more funds, but when used responsibly, it can also help improve your credit by reducing your credit utilization ratio.
When you have a revolving credit account, you can pay the monthly minimum or choose to pay more. Many lenders charge interest, but some lines of credit come with introductory offers, like 0 percent interest for a certain amount of time.
One way revolving credit is different from installment credit is that your account stays open until you close it. As you continue to make your payments and don’t spend more than the limit, you can continue to use your revolving credit.
Pros and cons of revolving credit
The biggest benefit of revolving credit is its flexibility, which can also be a downside. You can borrow up to your credit limit, but the ability to increase it may tempt you to overspend and get into debt. Below, we break down some of the additional pros and cons, starting with the benefits:
Flexible borrowing
Bigger impact on your credit when paid on time
Ability to only borrow what you need
Some credit cards come with periods of 0 percent interest
Can easily access funds
Some of the downsides to revolving credit accounts include:
Higher interest rates
Set borrowing limits
Due to ease of access, it can be tempting to spend more
Inconsistent monthly payments due to variable interest
How revolving credit accounts affect your credit
Revolving credit accounts typically affect your credit score more. With the FICO® scoring model, your payment history accounts for 35 percent of your score, and your utilization accounts for 30 percent of your score.
Your credit utilization is the amount you owe vs. your max credit limit. To benefit from this, you should keep your utilization below 30 percent. This is based on the credit limit of all your revolving accounts minus the amount you owe.
For example, if you have two credit cards, one with a $5,000 limit and one with a $3,000 limit, your total limit is $8,000. To stay lower than 30 percent, you would never want to owe more than $2,400. If you opened up a new credit card with a limit of $10,000, you could then spend up to $5,400 (30 percent of $18,000).
What is installment credit?
An installment loan account allows you to borrow a lump sum of money and pay it back in installments. Unlike revolving credit accounts, you have a set amount of money to pay back with interest before the account closes.
There are various installment loans, and you may need additional funds. Rather than increasing the loan amount, you would need to apply for a new loan.
Pros and cons of installment credit
Although credit cards are the most common form of credit, it’s helpful to have at least one installment credit account. One aspect of your FICO® credit score is “credit mix,” which accounts for 10 percent of your overall credit score.
The following are some of the additional benefits:
Predictable payments
Lower interest rates
You can receive a lump sum
Flexible terms for repayment
Some of the downsides include:
May not help credit score as much
Need to apply for a new loan to borrow more
Stricter qualification requirements
Some require collateral
How installment credit accounts affect your credit
Those who only open revolving credit accounts are missing out on the benefit of credit mix and improving their credit. Having installment credit accounts like auto or student loans can help improve your credit mix. Installment loans can also help with your credit history if they’re open for a long time, like when you get a home loan.
Similar to revolving credit accounts, you want to make your payments on time each month to improve your payment history. This is a positive signal of creditworthiness to future lenders.
Examples of installment credit
Now that you understand what installment credit accounts are, it can be helpful to see some examples:
Personal loans are forms of installment credit as well, but you often won’t need to use the funds for a specific purpose. Many people use personal loans to pay for large purchases or expenses, consolidate their debt or pay for home repairs.
Examples of revolving credit
The most common forms of revolving credit accounts include:
Credit cards. These are the most common form of revolving credit. People typically use credit cards for everyday purchases, and they can also be helpful in an emergency when you don’t have access to cash.
Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). If you’re a homeowner, you can use a HELOC to borrow against the value of your home. People often use a HELOC for home renovations and repairs.
Personal line of credit. A personal line of credit works like a credit card but without one. To borrow the money, you go to your bank or credit union to withdraw money up to your maximum limit.
Can you get approved for revolving and installment credit accounts?
Whether you’re hoping to open a revolving or installment credit account or both, the first step is to have good credit. Good credit not only improves your chances of getting approval but can also help you get lower interest rates, saving you thousands of dollars. To start working on your credit score, first find out what it is. Lexington Law Firm offers a free credit assessment, and if you have errors on your credit report, we provide additional services to challenge them on your behalf. To get started, sign up today.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Though a promissory note and a mortgage work together to create a legally binding loan agreement, each has its own distinct purpose in finalizing a real estate transaction. When you sign a promissory note, you’re agreeing to pay back the loan amount under specific loan terms. When you sign a mortgage, you’re acknowledging that if you default on that loan, the lender can get its money back by foreclosing on the property.
These separate contracts have important roles in your purchase, so before you sign on the dotted line, read on for an explanation of how each one works.
Promissory Note vs Mortgage
If you’re borrowing money to buy real estate, you’ll likely be asked to sign both a promissory note and a mortgage at your closing. And in the blur of paperwork, it may seem as though they’re pretty much the same thing.
They aren’t. Here’s a look at the role each document has in finalizing a home loan agreement.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
What Is a Promissory Note?
You can think of a promissory note as a formal and really specific IOU. It’s the borrower’s promise to repay the loan by a predetermined date, and it typically details the terms of the loan, including the loan amount, the interest rate, the length of the loan, and monthly payments (all the factors you would see in an online mortgage calculator).
If you sign the promissory note, sometimes referred to as a mortgage note, you are obligated to pay back the loan under these terms.
What Is a Mortgage?
A mortgage is the contract you sign with the lender that states that the property you’re purchasing serves as the security, or collateral, for the loan. It contains a legal description of the property and usually notes that you’re responsible for things like maintenance and for carrying homeowners insurance.
The mortgage doesn’t obligate you or anyone who signs it to repay the loan, but it does allow the lender to take the property as collateral if you don’t make your payments or if you otherwise fail to follow through on the terms of the loan. If you default, the lender can proceed with a mortgage foreclosure and then sell the home to recover its money.
Recommended: What Are the Different Types of Home Mortgage?
Key Similarities and Differences Between a Mortgage and Promissory Note
Because the paperwork a borrower completes and signs for a real estate loan is often referred to, in general, as the “mortgage,” it can be easy to lose sight of the different purposes of the mortgage and promissory note. So here’s a quick breakdown of some of their similarities and differences.
Similarities Between Promissory Notes and Mortgages
• Both documents establish a legally binding contract that ensures the lender is protected if the borrower defaults on the loan.
• Some of the terms of the promissory note may also be listed in the mortgage, including the length of the loan and the amount due. (The interest rate and monthly payment usually aren’t included on the mortgage, however, and won’t be a part of the public record.)
• Both are important documents that you should read (and understand) before signing.
Differences Between Promissory Notes and Mortgages
• Each document has a distinct purpose and legal implication. A signed promissory note serves as the borrower’s promise to repay the home loan. A signed mortgage secures the note to the property and says you agree the lender can foreclose on your property if you default on the terms of the loan.
• Each document contains different pieces of information. While the promissory note lists more details about the loan terms, including the interest rate and repayment schedule, the mortgage has more details about the borrower’s obligations and the lender’s rights.
• There’s also a difference in where each document is kept after the closing. The lender holds onto the promissory note until the loan is paid off. (After that it can serve as the borrower’s “receipt,” proving the loan is paid — so it’s important to make sure you keep it in a safe place when you receive it.) The mortgage becomes part of the county land records to provide a traceable chain of ownership.
• Each document confers a different obligation on those who sign it. Anyone who signs the promissory note can be held personally liable for the borrowed money and could face legal consequences if they fail to make their payments. If, for example, the lender forecloses on the home and sells it, but the sale doesn’t cover the amount you owe, you may be responsible for paying the difference, depending on state laws. However, if you sign only the mortgage document and not the promissory note, the lender can’t hold you legally responsible for paying back the loan; you’re only giving the lender permission to foreclose on the property if the loan isn’t repaid.
How Promissory Notes and Mortgages Compare
Promissory Note
Mortgage
Protects the lender if the borrower defaults
x
x
Outlines terms of the loan agreement
x
x (with limits)
Establishes borrower’s legal promise to repay loan
x
Establishes lender can foreclose upon default
x
Is held by the lender until loan is paid
x
Is filed in county records
x
Should be read and understood before signing
x
x
Required Documents to Get a Mortgage
You should be prepared to provide and sign several documents during the homebuying process — first on the front end, when you’re applying for a loan, and again later, when it’s time to close on the property.
The person who’s in charge of your closing can give you a complete list of what you’ll need to bring with you and the paperwork you’ll be asked to sign, but here are a few of the documents you can expect to see:
Closing Disclosure
The Closing Disclosure lays out the final terms of the loan, including all closing costs, and provides information about who is paying and who is receiving money at closing. Lenders are required to send buyers a copy of their Closing Disclosure at least three business days before closing so there’s time to review it and clear up any potential discrepancies. You should bring it with you to your closing to be sure your costs remain the same as you expected or that any necessary changes were made.
Promissory Note
The promissory note is the document that states that you legally agree to repay your home loan. It provides important details about the loan, including the amount owed, interest rate, dates when the payments will be due, length of the loan, and where payments should be sent.
Mortgage/Deed of Trust/Security Instrument
This document gives your lender the right to foreclose on your property if you fail to live up to the repayment terms you agreed to. It also will outline your responsibilities and rights as a borrower.
(Your state may use a deed of trust vs. a mortgage as part of the home loan process. A deed of trust states that a neutral third party — usually the title company — may hold legal title to the home until the borrower pays off the loan.)
Initial Escrow Disclosure
This form explains the specific charges you may have to pay into an escrow account each month as part of your mortgage agreement, such as money to cover property taxes and insurance.
Deed
This document transfers ownership of the property from the seller to the buyer.
Right to Cancel Form
You’ll only see this form if you’re refinancing your home loan (it doesn’t apply if you’re purchasing the property). It states your right to cancel the loan within three business days and explains how that process works.
Recommended: What Is Mortgage Underwriting?
The Takeaway
Though people tend to think of the term “mortgage” as describing everything that has to do with their home loan, there are actually two separate documents that form the legal agreement between a buyer and a lender and outline their responsibilities.
It’s important to understand the differences between these two distinct pieces of paperwork — the promissory note and the mortgage — before you see them at your closing. You’ll also want to carefully review them — and all the forms you see — before you sign for your loan.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Do you need a promissory note and a mortgage to buy a house?
Usually, yes. But you might have a promissory note without a mortgage if you’re using an unsecured loan from a family member, a friend, or the seller.
Is a promissory note the same as a loan?
A promissory note is part of a formal loan agreement. It contains a promise from the borrower to repay a specific amount of money to the lender under designated terms.
What is the purpose of a promissory note in real estate?
The promissory note helps formalize the terms of a real estate loan, including the length of the loan, the interest rate, how and when payments should be made, and what happens if the borrower defaults.
Does a promissory note create a lien?
No. A promissory note obligates the borrower to repay the loan, but it does not “collateralize,” or secure, the loan to the property.
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